“Omnes res creat sunt diving sapientiz et potenti testes, divitie felicitatis

human :—ex harum usu donitas Creatoris; ex pulchritudine sapientia Domini ;

ex ceconomiad in conseryatione, proportione, renovatione, potentia majestatis

elucet. Earum itaque indagatio ab hominibus sibi relictis semper zestimata ;

& veré eruditis et sapientibus semper exculta; malé doctis et barbaris semper

inimica fuit.”—Linnaus.

“Quel que soit Ie principe de la vie animale, il ne faut qu’ouvrir les yeux pour

voir qu’elle est le chef-d’eeuvre-de la Toute-puissance, et le but auquel se rappor-

tent toutes ses opérations.”—Bruckner, Théorie du Systéme Animal, Leyden,

1767.

ee ee ee ee we ee . Phe sylvan powers

Obey our summons; from their deepest dells

The Dryads come, and throw their garlands wild

And odorous branches at our feet; the Nymphs

That press with nimble step the mountain-thyme

And purple heath-flower come not empty-handed,

But scatter round ten thousand forms minute

Of velvet moss or lichen, torn from rock

Or rifted oak or cavern deep: the Naiads too

Quit their loved native stream, from whose smooth face

They crop the lily, and each sedge and rush

That drinks the rippling tide: the frozen poles,

Where peril waits the bold adventurer’s tread,

The burning sands of Borneo and Cayenne,

All, all to us unlock their secret stores

And pay their cheerful tribute.

J. Taytor, Norwich, 1818,

ALERE & FLAMMAM,

CONTENTS OF VOL, XI.

(EIGHTH SERIES.]

NUMBER 61.

I. New Species of Heterocera from Costa Rica —XIX, By

WP MTARIES PUPS. he Ss kevrebwickee tts otluyedrdls he tekb ae tone ea 0's

IT, New Species of Diploptera in the Collection of the British

Museum. By GrorrrEey MpapE-WaALDo, M.A. .........00+ 000s

III. Descriptions and Records of Bees—XLVIII. By T, D, A.

Coonmynr., ‘University of Colorad@ 2.200. 006.c ccs eben deiaes

1V. On some Features of the Structure of the Therocephalian

Peale, fy DReeS WATEGN, DESC...) abetted: oan d cases ues

——— Y. Two new Australian Mammals. By OLpFIELD THoMas ...,

VI. Rata undulata, Lacep., and its Distribution on the British

woe oy Cy bane heGan, MA, (Plate 1.) ......ncceacerus

VII. Notes from the Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews.—

No. XXXIV. By Prof. M‘Inroso, M.D., LL.D., F.R.S., &c.

Sree ee MRE ERS PO takin Wa wie orawis ne ais BERETS Lely He aie Meee s

~—. VIII. On some rare Amazonian Mammals from the Collection of

the Para Museum. By OLpFrsnD THOMAS ..........ceeecceee: 1

IX. On small Mammals collected in J ujuy by Senor E. Budin.

PE REP METICTSIY GET@UEAR vsruncyce gs i chsstree¥ ove} chsteyar we chor nay mw everenden die Ss Kaa

~ XX. On some Specimens of Glauconycteris from the Cameroons.

ae PANPSANE YY As EUQUMONS 5 oho gsc cha chet nwt violet Va vr ho dhade) ee aip vin SO WE « glk ba

XI. A new Oribi from the Galla Country to the North of Lake

emeoees by GIEBRREIBLAING. ©. .cconcesdvncns eauwsatnbacucs

XI. A Revision of the Astiide of Australasia. By GERTRUDE

PPPMMOMAe Lit catstteiadaidodanvdiveed te vacccenossaneats wee

146

iv CONTENTS.

Page

XIII. A new Galago from German East Africa. By Dr. EINaR

LOnNBERG, F.M.ZS. &. ccc eee eee eee Pe vc cn ss Soe ee 167

New Book:—Index Zoologicus No. II. An Alphabetical List of

Names of Genera and Subgenera proposed for Use in Zoology,

as recorded in the ‘Zoological Record,’ vols. 38-47 inclusive

(1901-1910), and the Zoology Volumes of the ‘International

Catalogue of Scientific Literature, Annual Issues 1-10, together

with other Names not included in previous Nomenclators.

Compiled (for the Zoological Society of London) by Cuarizs

Owrn Waternous®, I.S.0., and edited by Davin SHarpP,

M.A., E.R.S., Editor of the ‘Zoological Record’ .......+.++: 168

NUMBER 62.

XIV. The Osteology and Classification of the Teleostean Fishes

of the Order Scleroparei. By C. Tare REGAN, M.A. ......--6.05 169

XV. Descriptions and Records of Bees—LXIX. By T. D. A.

CockuREta, University of Colorado. scisen.euh x ee O03 = sp se een als 1865

XVI. Descriptions of New Zealand Species of Pselaphide from

Dr. Sharp’s Collection in the British Museum. By Major T. Broun,

¥.E.S. Se PW oe tive sues Vows eh kwon a 196

XVII. On the Systematic Position of the Coleopterous Genus

Lemodes (Heteromera), with Notes on some Allied Genera. By

BONG. SSBATR Fes, EB. +. oe teresa Bere easiest Rhee ces OO

*S © @Bie www © 6 eV Clue <0 6 wie

XVIII. Notes on S. American Leporide. By OLDFIELD Tuomas. 209

XIX. Four rew Shrews. By OLpFIELD THOMAS .........-.- 214

XX. Descriptions of Fifteen new Species and Varieties of Marine

Shells from the Falkland Islands. By H. B. Preston, F.Z.S8.

(Plate 2V.). side s.uhsh ds sds ards = pees voie kee Ghee ome ea 218

XXI. On new Species of Indian Curculionide. — Part I. By

Guy A. MarsHALL

XXII. Descriptions of Two new Fishes from Paranagua, Brazil,

presented to the British Museum by Herr A. Rachow. By C. Tarr

BERILAN MUA. wi visc xe asses secu sh onnealt ss sch ieeeun tse rete 231

XXIII. The Peeciliid Fishes of the Genus Jenynsia. By C. Tate

Rasa, May peeevoraaseince evesrer rears ME dis 'd eeebiel Sale 232

XXIV. New Species of Heterocera from Costa Rica.—XX. By

SY. DOHAUA, EUZED. be sub poeteccenn ge tebe Rid Dhak bite ieee 234

XXV. Note on Helix rufescens of Pennant. By E. A. Suuru,

CONTENTS. ¥

: Page

XXVI. New Local Races of Big Game from Central and Western

Africa, By Ernst SCHWARZ ,........- PERC eyes ree wth eats 265

New Book :—The History of the Collections contained in the Natural

History Departments of the British Museum,—Vol. II. Appen-

dix. General History of the Department of Zoology from

1856 to 1895. By Dr. ALBERT GintueER, F.RS. .......... 266

Note on G. Fischer de Waldheim’s + Oryctographie du Gouverne-

ment de Moscou,’ ‘Hist. Nat. Mosquensis,’ and ‘ Entom.

Mosquensis,’ by Louis B, Prout and C, Davies Sherborn ..,. 271

NUMBER 68.

XXVII. Descriptions and Records of Bees—L. By T. D. A.

Gnorenutc, University of Colorada”.), ois. ce. ccssatncssnecdays 273

XXVIII. On the Geographical Races of Vipera ammodytes. By

G AW Hounenern, UBS. (Plate/Viy tee Uae bei dves ves 283

XXIX. Some Notes onthe Reedbucks, with a Description of Two

new Subspecies; By GritBERT BLAINE ,..2...ceccss ees seareces 287

XXX. On the Relationship of Gazella isabella to Gazella dorcas,

with a Description of a new Species and Subspecies. By GrirBert

NGAI aes ald) 6 i inns» PS tac OE Fe RT a RT Oe aE 291

XXXI. Two new Mammals from the Malay Archipelago. By

aan OPER sii neg Ae aida to anik vce Ains © | a Sane tev ese 296

XXXII. New Species of LErycinide from Costa Rica. By

We SCHA US, I .2.5.7« «''s Set Sa ard PEND OG sa Behe ss ain cM bis! See eal eee 298

XXXII. A new Species of Rhysodina (Coleoptera Heteromera).

Pe On emir ata Oe. —etate VI.) oe sce ce ete cok cen awe 803

XXXIV. On a Remarkable Gall-producing Psyllid from Syria.

By Professor R. Newsreap, F.R.S., and Bruce E. Cummings.

PRE e tar te een see aisteuicicte’s'os shins » STOR we 506

XXXV. Apropos of the First Maxille in the Genus Dipseudopsis,

Walk., Trichoptera. By Bruce F. CUMMINGS ..........0..00% 308

XXXVI. Note on the Brachyuran Genera Micippoides and

Panera sy NY Cs OALMAN: Dey 0s. ctl BR a uaa ewes ai 65 312

XXXVI. On African Batsand Shrews. By Otprir_tp THomas, 314

XXXVIII. Descriptions of new Species of Pyralide of the Sub-

family Pyraustine. By Sir Grorcr F. Hampson, Bart., F.Z.S., &c. 322

XXXIX. New Species of Heterocera from Costa Rica.—XXI.

ee Oe Cera sive a Marae AUS rate ns vec a ale bine 542

XL. Descriptions of some new Lycenide from Tropical Africa.

Per RUAMIBTON fb, Pron EE SoBe a titi ca xe oes a Hee oak 398

val CONTENTS.

NUMBER 64.

XLI. New Species of Heterocera from Costa Rica—XXI. By

Vs SGMLAICS,' Ai ceca te Aaety es MRR Oak RGd aac k AMR touch Veen Wea 361

XLII. Descriptions and Records of Bees.—LI. By T. D. A.

Uséexrren., Univetsity of Golorado: iis dad cioet kb ek oe aes 387

XLII. Description of a new Cyprinid Fish from Singapore. By

Aa, PA ARRAN NECA Sy C0. exe acS Cars AOE SURG RED Mont iie 394

XLIV. A Revision of the Myxinoids of the Genus Myaine. By

OC. Tare REGAN, MiAS Sos igs shins eee ah ee eee oe 395

XLV. Two Cases of Abnormal Appendages in Crabs. By W. T.

CATALAN, DDS; 6 sas. & ncclaieva tacateiaet ope Meee aoe Ree ee eee 399

XLVI. New Forms of Akodon and Phyllotis, and a new Genus

for “ Akodun” teguina. By OLDFIELD THOMAS ............00.. 4C4

XLVII. A Revision of the Asilide of Australasia. By GerrrupE

Ricardo

XLVI. On Aporemodon, a remarkable new Pulmonate Genus.

By G. C. Rosson, B.A., British Museum (Natural History) ...... 425

Helix rufescens, Pennant, by A. 8. Kennard and B. B. Woodward... 428

NUMBER 65.

XLIX, A Revision of the Asilide of Australasia. By GeRTRUDE

PUIG ALD Ose het nls Suleintee teeters Bas wT SRO OS REE ORM EE toes mae 429

I.. Note on some Pseudoscorpions in the British Museum. By

BV. HULINGSEN 52/2 vip aint ee fea enslbcs oteleieeiecsG ote oe ata ane 451

LI. Some new Species of Lamellicorn Beetles from Brazil. By

CaEBERT a, ARROW on: Dee VAC eae eel Steck eee 456

LII. The Fishes described by Carmichael from Tristan da Cunha.

By GC: Dave REGAN VA... ek eter ele wales oot eh kine eee 466

LIII. A new Shrew from the Andaman Islands. By OLpFreELp

DHOMAD, yiliciee isis viyela-« Liwamioesemto otk efe tuk, aceite lee ooh dete ake 468

LIV. A new Pteropus from the Polynesian Subregion. By Knup

ANDERSEN 2amientiitiee «(het 3 als tits delta « blcdmlah ites tehes to an atte 469

LY. A Review of the Clupeoid Fishes of the Caspian Sea, with

Remarks on the Herring-like Fishes of the Russian Empire. By

Dr. 4.5. Bewe (St. Petersburg) 6 fncee sss dees eater ee eee 472

CONTENTS. Vil

Page

LVI. Ona Second Indian Species of the Genus Termitodesmus _

(T. Aletchers, sp.D:),. By STANLEY HIRST 2... 06s cer diecrsecnees 481]

LVIL. New African Epimys and Jaculus. By OLpFieLp THomas, 482

LVIII. On the Skull and Part of the Skeleton of a Crocodile from

the Middle Purbeck of Swanage, with a Description of a new Species

(Pholidosaurus levis), and a Note on the Skull of Hyleochampsa.

By C. W. Anprews, D.Se., F.R.S. (British Museum, Natural

TE PE WEE ei cts pane vanes g eu RY LS MER AN ERR eo 485

LIX. New African Antelopes of the Waterbuck Group. By

EC IER a Haig oF w days «nk 28 GT wee AA es en aeH Ae ed B 494

LX. A Synopsis of the Cichlid Fishes of the Genus Crenicichla.

aire RR SMP I Mes ie Seika eae eed Wrmilh <n REI oie wig Bolen es 498

LXI. On some Mammals from Bali and Mysol, collected by

Mr. E. Stresemann during the “ Freiburger Molukken-Expedition.”

PR OLUELEED EMOMAS RD. 6. serv peas t cw sgh eroderas mers 504

New Book :—Catalogue of the Chiroptera in the Collection of the

British Museum. (Second Edition.) By Knup ANDERSEN.

PWG, Re ECE RIEODIDER 6 cs vg. fac to vod vic oom Mees wan ds 508

NUMBER 66,

LXII. Descriptions of new Species of Pyralide of the Subfamily

Pyraustine. By Sir GroreceE IF’. Hampson, Bart., F.Z.S., &e. .... 509

LXIII. Descriptions and Records of Bees.—LII. By T. D. A.

CockERELt, University of Colorado ..............c0cceeeccnes 530

LXIV. New Species of Tabanide from the Oriental Region. By

J Es 7 0 Se A a Sara are ne ee a 542

LXV. A Synopsis of the Siluroid Fishes of the Genus Liocassis,

with Descriptions of new Species. By C. Tare Recan, M.A. .... 547

LXVI. Onasmall Collection of Rhynchota made by Mr. David R.

Tait at Henderson’s Island. By W. L. DisTanr................ 554

LXVII. Descriptions of Eight new Marine Gastropoda, mostly

from Japan. By G. B. Sowrrsy, F.L.S. (Plate IX.)

LXVIII. Notes on the Synonymy contained in Dr. Bequaert’s

recently published Paper on Yabanide collected in Belgian Congo,

gy Mia EIN Soin ai hacia RSE Se onde sessed dius 560

LXIX. Descriptions of new Species of Lepidoptera from Africa

and the East, By G, T. Beruunr-Baxker, F.L.S., F.Z.S8......... 562

Vill CONTENTS,

Page

LXX. A new Genus of Tipulide from Turkestan, with Notes on

other Forms. By E. Bere@roru, C.M.Z.8. ........ cee eee eee ». 575

LXXI. On certain of the smaller S.-American Cervide, By

DLDTINED TROMAS Wee Mena CEn ok. Sele Regie ele. ohs.8ee ones ", 585

Proceedings of the Geological Society ....,........0.04 05. 589, 590

PUUCEE . wessere ss Be TT IGT CAVE Nl OLE Sage ele Cree

PLATES IN VOL. XI.

Pratr I. Raia undulata, Lacep.

Il. Species of Praxillella, Euclymene, and Nicomache.

III. Species of Maldane, Heteroclymene, and Nicomache.

IV. New Marine Shells from the Falkland Islands.

V. Vipera ammodytes, var. transcaucasiana,

VI. Rhysodina marshalli, sp. n.

VII. Giant Psyllid Gall.

VIII. Pholidosaurus decipiens, Watson, and Pholidosaurus

leevis, sp. 0.

IX. Marine Gastropoda, mostly from Japan,

THE ANNALS

AND

MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY,

[EIGHTH SERIES.]}

ee rpaivisdatunnavens per litora spargite museum,

Naiades. et circitm vitreos considite fontes:

Pollice virgineo teneros hic carpite flores:

Floribus et pictum, dive, replete canistrum.

At vos, o Nymphe Craterides, ite sub undas ;

Ite, recurvato variata corallia trunco

Vellite muscosis e rupibus, et mihi conchas

Ferte, Dew pelagi, et pingui conchvlia sueco.”

N. Purthenii Giannettasi, Ecl. 1.

No. 61. JANUARY 1913.

I.—New Species of Heterocera from Costa Rica. —XIX.

By W. Scuaus, F.Z.S8.

Noctuide.

Frastria roseoviridis, sp. n.

3. Head and thorax mottled reddish brown and lilacine.

Abdomen irrorated with fuscous grey, and at base dorsally

with brown. Fore wings pale green ; base reddish brown

and lilacine, its outer edge vertical ; outer margin broadly

lilacine, crossed by two reddish-brown shades, preceded by

an olive-green shade; termen narrowly pale green; a

terminal macular line, pale brown ; at end of cell a large

spot, whitish behind, finely outlined with purple; costa

postmedially streaked with purplish brown. Hind wings

ereyish at base, outwardly tinged with pale reddish brown.

Wings below whitish, partly shaded with reddish brown; a

black discal spot on hind wings.

Expanse 23 mm.

Hab. Sixola, Banana River.

Ostha concinna, sp. n.

3. Body greyish brown. Fore wings light brown, thinly

irrorated with dark brown and with fuscous-brown markings ;

Ann, & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xi. 1

»4 Mr. W. Schaus on

an antemedial wavy line, slightly outcurved, followed by a

spot on costa, and small spot in cell; a large spot at end of

cell containing some white irrorations; postmedial fine,

sinuous, partly irrorated with white and suffusing beyond

cell with the fuscous-brown terminal space, this latter

crossed by a subterminal light brown shade, also sinuous ;

a narrow light brown shade terminally opposite cell, and

pale points at veins; cilia light brown spotted with fuscous.

Hind wings light brown, with dark irrorations; a small

white discal spot ; a postmedial dark brown lunular line not

reaching costa and outwardly finely edged with white ;

terminal space tinged with fuscous grey, crossed by a pale

subterminal shade. Hind wings below whitish grey on

basal half ; a dark spot on discocellular, and fine postmedial

line ; the terminal space broadly shaded with fuscous ;

traces of a paler subterminal line.

Expanse 20 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas, Esperanza.

Ostha rama, sp. n.

2. Body and wings brown. Palpi: second joint fringed

below ; third joint smooth, conical, short. Wings: terminal

buff-white points at veins. Fore wings: a round white

spot at base; a large round yellowish-white spot in cell

suffusing behind with an oblique white fascia inbent from

just beyond cell to submedian vein medially; this fascia

partly shaded with yellowish, and with a dark brown line on

discocellular ; a yellow-white streak on costa before apex,

and faint traces of a fine yellowish subterminal line. Hind

wings: some pale brownish markings on inner margin.

Wings below greyish brown ; a darker medial line on hind

wings, followed by a whitish-grey shade. _

Expanse 16 mm.

Hab. Banana River.

Ostha nomion, sp. n.

gd. Head fuscous brown. Thorax and abdomen buff

brown. Wings brown, tinged with buff at base and on costa

of fore wings, thinly irrorated with darker brown ; a terminal

fuscous-brown line interrupted by light brown points at

veins ; a faint dark subterminal line. Fore wings: ante-

medial line fine, dark, wavily dentate, almost vertical; a

black point in middle of cell; reniform oblique, white,

darkly edged; postmedial line fine, dark, wavy, outcurved

beyond cell. Hind wings: a white dark-edged line on

Fleterocera from Costa Rica. 3

discocellular ; postmedial fine, dark, irregular, deeply inbent

below vein 2. Wings below pale, thickly irrorated with

light brown; dark discocellular lines and outcurved post-

medial line.

ixpanse 18 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Ostha hypsea, sp. n.

3. Palpi, head, and collar fuscous brown, Thorax and

abdomen buff. Fore wings: base and costal margin buff ;

brown irrorations medially, increasing and forming a darker

shade to postmedial, except on costa; postmedial outeurved

beyond cell, defined by a buff shade following it ; a black

point in cell; a fuscous shade as reniform containing some

white scales; terminal space broadly dark brown, with an

indistinct still darker subterminal shade, only distinct on

pale costa; terminal pale points, interrupting a fuscous line.

Hind wings light brown irrorated with dark brown, and

shaded with fuscous brown, medially, and on costal half to

termen ; a white streak on discocellular darkly edged; a

dark postmedial line, inbent below vein 2, outwardly shaded

with light brown. Fore wings below fuscous brown; a

postmedial buff line and spot at apex. Hind wings below

buff, thickly irrorated with brown except on outer side of

dark postmedial line ; a dark discal spot.

Expanse 18 mm.

Hab. Sixola.

AMPELASIA, gen. nov.

Female.—Palpi upturned, very long ; second joint densely

sealed, reaching well above head ; third joint smooth, almost

as long as second. Antenne with short bristles. Legs

smooth, spurs on hind tibia long. Abdomen with short

dorsal tuft at base. Fore wings: apex acute, outer margin

obliquely rounded; vein 2 from near middle of cell; 3 close

to lower angle ; 4 from lower angle; 5 slightly above lower

angle; 6 from below upper angle ; 7-10 stalked from upper

angle, 7 from before 10; 11 free. Hind wings: apex and

anal angle rounded, outer margin almost straight; cell very

short ; vein 2 from close to lower angle; 3 and 4 stalked;

5 well above angle ; 6 and 7 stalked.

Type of genus, Ampelasia azelinoides, Schs.

Ampelasia azelinoides, sp. n.

?. Body dark grey-brown. Fore wings dark grey-brown,

4 Mr. W. Schaus on ‘

shading to fuscous brown postmedially, limited by a fine

yellow-buff line nearly vertical from costa to vein 4, inbent,

vertical to submedian, and incurved on inner margin; outer

margin broadly dull grey tinged with buff near line; a

marginal angled fuscous-brown streak between veins 7 and 8

and a small spot below 7; a fine dark brown antemedial

line, outcurved to median, vertical to submedian, inbent

below it; orbicular and reniform spots both minute, whitish

buif, partly edged with fuscons brown. Hind wings dull

brownish grey; a fine postmedial fuscous line to vein 3,

then white, surmounted by a triangular fuscous-brown

patch, and followed by a light brown shade also from vein 3

to inner margin, beyond which are two fine inversely lunular

brownish lines, with mottled brown shading between them.

Wings below dull greyish brown ; a postmedial series of

pale yellow spots partly suffusing; a small white spot near

apex of fore wing.

~ Expanse 40 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

TRANOSES, gen. nov.

Male.—Palpi thickly scaled, obliquely ascending, fringed

on second joint below, reaching beyond tip of third joint,

which is very short. Antenne pubescent. Legs smooth.

Fore wings narrow ; apex rounded, outer margin oblique ;

vein 3 well before lower angle ; 4 and 5 apart from lower

angle; 6 from upper angle; 7-10 stalked from before end

of cell; 11 free. Hind wings: veins3 and 4 on long stalk ;

5 above lower angle; 6 and 7 stalked.

Type of genus, Tranoses hirtipuncta, Schs.

Tranoses hirtipuncta, sp. n.

g. Body and fore wings buff-white, with some scattered

brown irrorations. Fore wings: cell anteriorly and a shade

to costa before apex clearer white, also the space between

cell and submedian; the irrorations forming a faint streak in

cell above median, upbent beyond cell to termen at apex,

suffusing with the subterminal irrorations; orbicular and

reniform brown points ; terminal brown points. Hind wings

white. Fore wings below whitish, base of costa tufted,

terminating in a black spot; the costal margin and veins

tinged with pale brown.

Expanse 20 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinasz.

Heterocera from Costa Rica. 5

Dagassa? parthenope, sp. n.

9. Palpi, head, thorax, and fore wings pale lilacine buff

thinly irrorated with black. Abdomen and hind wings pale

buff, the latter thinly suffused with fuscous brown except on

costa. Fore wings: lines fine, indistinct, pale greenish

brown; antemedial line sinuous, outcurved ; a medial line,

slightly outeurved ; an indistinct paler shade on discocellular ;

postmedial line ontangled at vein 6, suffusing with a thicker

black line which extends from apex to vein 2, below vein 2

the postmedial is again pale greenish brown; a fine wavy

subterminal shade ; marginal black points on interspaces.

Wings below pale buff; the disc of fore wings shaded with

fuscous ; a fine postmedial line.

Expanse 25 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Capnodes herilis, sp. n.

9. Head and thorax brown, the abdomen darker. Wings

brown shot with purple, the lines rich dark brown ; a sub-

terminal wavy sinuous line; a dark terminal line, narrowing

at veins, where it is interrupted by a light brown point.

Fore wings: antemedial line vertical, inwardly edged with

lighter brown ; reniform narrow, constricted, finely outlined

in dark brown; postmedial line outcurved around cell, out-

wardly edged with lighter brown. Hind wings: a faint

darker line on discocellular ; postmedial line as on fore

wings but straight. Wings below dark greyish brown;

fine darker streaks on discocellular, and a fine dark post-

medial line, straight on both wings, terminal line as above

but less distinct.

Expanse 31 mm.

flab. Cachi.

This is the C. linula of the ‘ Biologia,’ but not of

Guénée.

PELODIA, gen. nov.

Male.—Antenne ciliated. Palpi obliquely ascending ;

second joint flat, broad, thickly scaled, reaching well above

head; third joint short, naked, acuminate. Legs smoothly

scaled; base of fore tarsi with short process; hind tibia

with two pairs of spurs. Fore wings narrow ; costal margin

straight; apex acute; outer margin bulged; inner margin

straight ; vein 3 near lower angle; 4 from angle, 5 close

above; 7, stalk of 8 and 9, and 10 from end of areole.

6 Mr. W. Schaus on

Hind wings; costal margin straight ; outer margin oblique,

angled at vein 2; veins 3 and 4 from lower angle; 5 from

lower third of discocellular ; 6 and 7 from upper angle.

Type of genus, Pelodia rava, Schs.

Pelodia rava, sp. n.

&. Palpi and head buff-brown ; collar shading to grey ;

thorax light grey; abdomen brownish buff. Fore wings

grey shaded with whitish antemedially below cell and at

end of cell, obliquely extending to and expanding at tornus ;

a clearer white shade on apical third of costa; the base.

shaded with pale brown, limited by the faintly dark ante-

medial line, which is inbent to median, outset and inbent to

submedian, outbent on inner margin; wing partly crossed

by fine brownish strive; orbicular a black point ; a dark

grey oblique line medially from costa to reniform, which

consists of an incurved dark brown line, outwardly shaded

with reddish brown ; postmedial line as a fine greyish line

on costa, from vein 7 whitish irrorated with reddish brown,

outangled close above vein 6, inbent to vein 3, below which

it is obsolescent. The termen from vein 3 to apex shaded

with brown; terminal black points on interspaces, the largest

on submedian fold. Hind wings luteous white, the outer

margin broadly shaded with brownish grey ; terminal black

points. Fore wings below whitish shaded with brown; a

straight vertical dark postmedial line. Hind wings below

whitish with some scattered dark irrorations and a black

discal point; the terminal points partly connected by a fine

black line.

Expanse 28 mm.

Hab. Guapiles.

Subfamily Dezrominz.

Mastigophorus pasithea, sp. n.

9. Body and wings whitish buff, thinly irrorated with

dark brown. Fore wings: a faint brown postmedial shade,

inwardly oblique, followed by a fine parallel line; subter-

minal line whitish, inwardly shaded with dark brown;

termen shaded with brown; a terminal dark line. Hind

wings : some brown irrorations on inner margin and between

veius 2 and 4; the subterminal line and terminal space as

on fore wings. Wings below more thickly irrorated with

brown ; a dark subterminal line on fore wings; fine medial,

postmedial, and subterminal lines on hind wings. The male

Heterocera frum Costa Rica. 7

of this species has the palpi very long, almost reaching to

end of abdomen.

Expanse 15 mm.

Hab. Esperanza. In Coll. Dognin from French Guiana.

Mastigophorus curvilinea, sp. n.

@. Palpi, head, and thorax dull brown. Abdomen dark

brownish grey, with paler segmental lines and tufts at base.

Fore wings brown, the lines fine, dark brown; a subbasal

line, outbent on inner margin; antemedial line evenly out-

eurved ; orbicular a white point circled with dark brown; a

broad dark brown medial shade, barely indicated on costa ;

two white points on discocellular edged with dark brown;

postmedial line outcurved on costa, with a small dark spot

above it, inbent, taintly sinuous, outbent below submedian

fold ; outer margin broadly somewhat darker ; a subterminal

pale dentate line from costa to vein 7, followed by a dark

brown shade above vein 7 to apex, and a small similar spot

below 7 ; short subterminal pale streaks on veins otherwise ;

a fine dark terminal line, outwardly pale-edged. Hind

wings whitish suffused with brownish grey ; postmedial and

subterminal fine lines; termen narrowly darker shaded;

the terminal line fuscous. Fore wings below greyish, tne

costal margin shaded with light brown; a fine postmedial

line; a black subterminal shade on costa. Hind wings

below buff-grey irrorated with brown; a black spot on

“discocellular preceded by a black streak in cell; postmedial

line finely wavy ; an interrupted subterminal line.

Expanse 30 mm.

Hab. Poas.

This species can be recognized by the evenly curved ante-

medial line, which is usually outbent on inner margin.

Mastigophorus evadnealis, sp. u.

@?. Palpi light brown, head, collar, and patagia darker

‘brown, thorax and abdomen above fuscous, all irrorated with

minute metallic steel-coloured scales ; body below pale buff.

Fore wings rich brown, the inner margin broadly and terminal

interspaces fuscous, thickly irrorated with metallic steel-

colour ; costal margin darker brown ; some metallic irrora-

tions on basal third, along median vein, and on postmedial

space ; a pale brown shade in and beyond cell interrupted by

the broad rich brown reniform; a postmedial thick brown

line on inner margin anda similar subterminal line from costa

to luner margin; veins fuscous on outer margin to the

8 Mr. W. Schaus on >

terminal brown line. Hind wings: costal and inner margins

broadly fuscous grey, the intermediate space and termen

from vein 2 to apex fuscous, irrorated with metallic scales,

this space crossed by a short postmedial brown line, and a

subterminal and terminal line from vein 2 to costa; cilia at

anal angle buff-white.

Expanse 21 mm.

Hab. Limon.

MASTIXIS, gen. nov.

Male.— Antennze pubescent, ciliate. Palpi upcurved,

reaching thorax behind, the third joint with long tufts on

inner side from base. Legs smoothly sealed. Fore wings:

costal margin long, convex toward apex; outer margin

oblique ; vein 2 from near iniddle of cell; 3 before lower

angle; 4 and 5 from lower angle ; 6 from near upper angle;

a minute areole; vein 7 from end, 8, 9, 10 stalked from end.

Hind wings: cell short ; veins 3 and 4 stalked ; 5 from near

lower angle ; 6 from close to upper angle.

Type of genus, Mastixis chloe, Schs.

Mastixis chloe, sp. n.

&. Body above brownish grey, underneath white irrorated

with brownish grey. Fore wings brownish grey ; ante-

medial outbent on costa, fuscous, otherwise dark brown,

finer, wavy, vertical ; orbicular small, yellowish, finely cireled

with dark brown ; reniform crescent-shaped, yellowish and

reddish brown, edged with dark brown, above it an outbent

fuscous line on costa, and traces of a fine brownish line from

below it to inner margin ; outer line straight, broad, yellowish

white, inwardly edged by a very fine dark brown line and

outwardly by a brown shade ; subterminal fuscous spots

towards apex ; a terminal black line interrupted by veins.

Hind wings whitish, the outer margin broadly brownish

grey, inwardly limited by an outer line as on fore wing, but

crossed by a whitish shade between veins 5 and 6 ; the outer

line angled near tornus and followed by a pale subterminal

line ; some brownish-grey shading from cell to inner margin,

aud a postmedial fuscous shade towardsinner margin. Hind

wings below whitish irrorated witi brown, and with faint

medial, postmedial, and subterminal lines; all interrupted by

a clear white streak above vein 5 from cell to termen ; black

discal spots on wings.

Expanse 23 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Near M. lineata, Schs.

Heterocera from Costa Rica. 9

Mastixis poasalis, sp. n.

3. Palpi outwardly, head, collar, and thorax dark brown.

Abdomen fuscous. Fore wings dark brown, somewhat paler

between postmedial and subterminal lines from vein 5 to

inner margin; antemedial line fine, pale brown, outcurved

across median, outbent from fold, outwardly dark-edged ;

orbicular small, fuscous brown ; a white line on discocellular ;

postmedial fine, light brown, inwardly dark-edged, almost

vertical to vein 4, then slightly incurved ; subterminal in-

distinct, sinuous, with short pale streaks on veins ; a terminal

black line. Hind wings brownish grey ; faint postmedial

and subterminal lines, the latter pale-edged ; a black terminal

Jine. ore wings below fuscous ; a faint postmedial line

and dark subterminal shade on costa. Hind wings below

whitish irrorated with grey-brown; a black discal spot; a

fine postmedial line and subterminal shade; terminal black

line partly interrupted.

Female brighter brown, the lines fuscous, a darker medial

shade ; orbicular with a white point; reniform consisting of

four or five white spots.

Expanse, ¢ 23-27, 2 25 mm.

Hab. Poas, ‘Turrialba.

Mastixis turrialbensis, sp. n.

9. Palpi buff thickly irrorated with dark dull brown.

Head dark dull brown. Collar and thorax buff-brown, irro-

rated with dark brown and black. Abdomen dull brown.

Fore wings dull brown irrorated with dark brown, the lines

black-brown, fine; a coarse line at base; antemedial line

outbent to orbicular, incurved below cell, outbent on inner

margin, preceded by a pale shade irrorated with ochreous ;

orbicular dark-edged, containing ochreous scales; reniform

black-brown, crossed by a whitish and ochreous line; post-

medial slightly inbent, lunular below vein 3 ; subterminal

pale, indistinct, inset opposite cell, outwardly shaded with

black, chiefly between veins 7 and 6, 4 and 3, and 2 and sub-

median; terminal semilunar black spots. Hind wings dull

brownish grey, the costa whitish; a faint discal spot and

postmedial line; a terminal dark line. Fore wings below

greyish, shaded with buff on costa ; a fine postmedial line on

costal margin and large subterminal fuscous shade. Hind

wings below greyish white, darkly irrorated; a dark discal

spot ; a dentate postmedial line; a subterminal shade, crossed

by a thick fuscous line on fold,

Expanse 32 mm.

Hab, Turrialba,

10 Mr. W. Schaus on ~

Palthis wacalis, sp. n.

3. Body greyish brown; abdomen with darker brown

segmental lines and pale dorsal points. Fore wings lilacine

brown; antemedial line fine, outcurved from subcostal,

followed on costa by a pale oblique streak, and dark brown

shade suffusing in cell with orbicular, which is small, fuscous,

containing some light brown scales; a pale streak along

median to postmedial line ; reniform crescent-shaped, light

brown edged with black ; a broad fuscous shade below it to

inner margin; postmedial fine, fuscous, incurved on costa and

outbent to vein 4, then sharply incurved, and outangled on

submedian, followed by a faint pale shade ; a subterminal

fuscous line from costa to termen at vein 4, inwardly shaded

with light brown and outwardly with dark brown, which does

not reach apex ; a terminal dark line. Hind wings some-

what truncated at anal angle, fuscous grey; a terminal dark

line and a tuscous shade at vein 2, cut by ashort, subterminal,

light brown line. Wings below brownish grey ; fore wings

with pale postmedial and subterminal lines on costal space ;

hind wings with fuscous diseal spot, a postmedial line angled

at vein 2, and a subterminal shade.

Expanse 18 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas, Carillo, Hsperauza.

Near P. asopialis, Gn., but easily separated by the sub-

terminal line.

Palthis eubealis, sp. n.

g. Body brownish grey, the palpi greyer; small dorsal

whitish spots on abdomen. Fore wings brownish grey

faintly tinged with lilacine; antemedial line darker, out-

curved, indistinct, followed by a faintly paler streak on costa

and a fuscous line; orbicular a black point; reniform a light

brown crescent inwardly edged with black, outwardly fol-

lowed by a small black spot; a pale buff streak along median

vein and a dark shade inbent from below reniform to inner

margin; postmedial outbent and straight on costa, very fine,

dark grey, followed by a pale buff shade, incurved from vein 4

aud dentate on veins ; subterminal very fine, scarcely darker,

but inwardly shaded with whitish grey from costa to near

termen at vein 3; a terminal fuscous line ; cilia fuscous, with

a pale line at base. Hind wings angled at vein 2, fuscous

brown, darkest along termen; a terminal dark line and

fuscous shade at vein 2. Fore wings below fuscous grey, .

whitish on inner margin ; traces of the pale lines on costa.

Heterocera from Costa Rica, 11

Hind wings below whitish irrorated with fuscous brown; a

fuscous diseal streak, the termen dark-shaded.

Expanse 21 mm,

Hab. Peralta.

Near P. q@acalis, Schs.; easily distinguished by the

straight postmedial line on costa,

Palthis submarginata, sp. n.

3. Palpi outwardly, head, collar, and thorax dark lichen-

grey. Abdomen grey thickly irrorated with purple. Fore

wings yellowish brown shaded with purple ; a fuscous spot

at base; a curved antemedial shade, reddish brown below

cell, not reaching submedian; a fuscous geminate medial

line, filled in with reddish brown, darkest below cell, inbent

and expanding towards base below submedian ; an oblique

dark line on discocellular shaded with yellow-brown ; post-

medial diffuse, fuscous, angled at vein 6, terminating at

tornus; a wavy marginal black line from apex to vein 4,

preceded by a yellowish shade between 4and6. Hind wings

whitish ; a brown shade from near base below cell expanding

to subterminal; inner margin and tornus shaded with

fuscous ; termen from vein 2 to apex dark reddish brown,

preceded by a geminate paler brown shade separated by

fuscous-grey scaling, and inwardly shaded with black. Fore

wings below fuscous ; costa on terminal third orange; outer

margin and apex yellow, crossed by a subterminal fuscous

shade ; Inner margin white. Hind wings below white; apex

and outer margin to vein 2 orange-yellow, preceded by a

tuscous shade.

Female: Head and thorax lilacine brown, crossed by two

black lines dorsally. Abdomen brownish yellow, with fine

black segmental lines. Fore wings yellow-brown tinged

with lilacine, the lines fine, fuscous on anterior half, dark

purple-red on posterior half ; a subbasal line; an antemedial

and a medial line, inbent, parallel; outer line outangled on

vein 6, inangled at vein 3 below the reddish-brown disco-

cellular line, then outcurved ; a faint subterminal line; a

terminal dark brown line. Hind wings whitish yellow; a

yellow-brown shade below cell expanding to termen and

crussed between veins 2 and 5 by a dark outer, subterminal,

and terminal line, the latter extending to apex. Wings

below yellowish, darkest terminally, with faint outer and sub-

terminal lines; some fuscous slading through cell on fore

wings.

12 Mr. W. Schaus on

Expanse, ¢ 23 mm., 2 25 mm.

Hab. Tuis, Sixola. The ¢ type is from Surinam.

The palpi of female are unusually long.

Palthis lineata, sp. n.

g. Body and wings greyish brown. Fore wings: ante-

medial line angled on costa, medial straighter, both dark

brown and suffusing on inner margin; the antemedial suf-

fusing in cell with orbicular ; reniform dark velvety brown,

linear, cut by a whitish shade which extends to subterminal ;

postmedial very fine and indistinct, pale-edged and slightly

outeurved ; subterminal wavy, whitish ; a daik terminal line ;

the inner margin is lobed just before middle. Hind wings:

costal margin whitish to outer line; a faint discal spot ;

postmedial line not reaching costa; outer line outwardly

edged by a pale line. Wings below whitish thickly irrorated

with grey-brown, darkest betore the subterminal white line ;

a fuscous streak through cell of fore wing ; a discal point and

postmedial line on hind wings.

Female very similar to male: fore wings not lobed, the

lines finer, more distinct ; the antemedial and medial further

apart, incurved, and not suffusing; the postmedial well

marked ; the white subterminal preceded by a fuscous shade.

Hind wings: the postmedial line reaches costal margin.

Expanse, ¢ 20, 9? 25 mm.

Hab. Poas, Cartago, Laguna.

Palthis hieronymus, sp. n.

@. Body and fore wings buff-white, thinly irrorated with

brown; abdomen with a black dorsal patch just beyond

middle. Fore wings: costa and termen shaded with lilacine

brown ; antemedial very fine and indistinct, wavy, outangled

in cell, marked by two fuscous spots on costa; a black point

at either end of discocellular, narrowly surrounded by yellow-

brown scaling, preceded by a fine black line which expands

below cell to inner margin at middle, being heavily shaded

with fuscous outwardly ; postmedial very fine, somewhat

punctiform, outangled on costa, inbent, sinuous, limiting

medial shade below vein 2 ; subterminal sinuous, defined by

a broad pale brown shading inwardly and a fine fuscous line

outwardly ; a terminal black line; a black spot at apex.

Hind wings whitish, with a few scattered dark scales; the

termen dull lilacine brown; traces of postmedial and sub-

terminal lines. Fore wings below shaded with fuscous grey.

Heterocera from Costa Rica. 13

Hind wings below buff-white, more thickly irrorated with

fuscous brown; a black discal spot and smaller spots on post-

medial and subterminal below vein 6.

Expanse 19 mm.

Hab. San Geronimo.

GIRTESMA, gen. nov.

Male.—Antenne pubescent, ciliate. Palpi flat, outwardly

clothed with spatulate scales, the second joint upeurved, the

third bent back, barely reaching thorax. Legs smoothly

sealed, Fore wings large, apex acute, the termen bluntly

produced at vein 4; vein 3 from before lowerangle; 4 and 5

from lower angle; 6 from below upper angle; no areole ;

7 shortly stalked with 8 and 9; 10 and 11 from cell. Hind

wings broad, the outer margin angled at vein 2, the anal

angle obtuse ; veins 3 and 4 on short stalk; 5 from near

lower angle; 6 and 7 from upper angle.

Type of genus, Girtesma messala, Schs.

General appearance of Margites, Dr., which has vein 10

stalked with 8 and 9.

Girtesma messala, sp. n.

3. Palpi brown, the scales partly opalescent. Head and

collar brownish buff, with a few dark irrorations. ‘Thorax,

base of abdomen, and fore wings pale buff irrorated with dull

brown ; abdomen otherwise brown above, with pale seg-

mental lines. Fore wings: the scales partly curved at tips

with a silvery reflection ; costa shaded with brown ; ante-

medial line brown, wavy, nearly vertical; traces of a brown

medial shade; postmedial line fine, slightly inbent below

vein 5, followed by brown shading to the more heavily

marked reddish-brown subterminal line, this shading crossed

by an indistinct darker line; termen rather paler, irrorated

with brown ; a marginal interrupted black line. Hind wings

shaded with brownish grey ; postmedial line and line following

it indistinct, the subterminal indistinct except from veins

4-2, whiere it is reddish brown, angled at vein 2 and fuscous

grey to inner margin, followed between 4 and 2 bya dark

greyish line ; marginal line as on fore wings; cilia brown.

Wings below darker, dull fuscous brown, with an indistinct

dark postmedial line.

Expanse 37 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

14 Mr. W. Schaus on

THURSANIA, gen. noy.

Male.—Antenne pubescent, ciliate ; a raised tuft on upper

side of shaft just beyond middle. Palpi upceurved, the third

joint. shorter than second, moderately scaled. Fore tarsi

with tuft at base. Fore wings: vein 2 from just beyond

middle of cell; 3 from before lower angle; 4 and 5 from

lower angle; 6 from below upper angle; -7 from upper

angle; 8, 9, 10 stalked from close to end of cell. Hind

wings: veins 3 and 4 and 6 and7 on short stalk; 5 from

near lower angle.

Type of genus, Thursania decocta, sp. n.

Thursania decocta, sp. 0.

g. Body and wings dull grey; abdomen darker, with pale

segmental lines. Wings faintly irrorated with whitish buff,

markings fuscous ; a fine medial shade; postmedial line fine,

deeply and narrowly lunular; an interrupted terminal line,

thickened between veins; a pale line at base of cilia and pale

tipped. Fore wings: a fine antemedial line outbent on costa,

vertical across cell, slightly outcurved below it; orbicular a

small point; reniform a fine line; subterminal fine, whitish

buff, preceded by a Fuscous spot between veins 7 and 6, and

inwardly edged with fuscous from vein 6 to inner margin.

Hind wings: a fuscous discal spot; subterminal line edged

on either side with fuscous, more heavily marked inwardly.

Underneath paler, the markings similar, but no antemedial

line on fore wing.

Expanse 28 mm.

Hab. Sixola.

Near R. cacalis, Schs.

Thursanta servilts, sp. n.

9. Head greyish brown. Collar and patagia roseate

brown. Thorax and abdomen darker, abdomen below whitish

irrorated with grey. Fore wings pale roseate brown ; costa

shaded with fuscous; a small velvety brown-black spot near

base of cell; antemedial line fine, fuscous, outbent, outangled

on inner margin, closely followed in cell by a round velvety

spot, and a similar larger spot below cell, both finely circled

with whitish ; a larger velvety spot at end of cell, its edges

outcurved, and broadest across its middle; postmedial line

fine, dentate, fuscous, rather indistinct, followed by a broad

greyish-white shade; terminal space somewhat ochreous,

Heterocera from Costa Rica. 15

crossed by an irregular, geminate, fuscous shade, more

heavily marked at vein 6, below 4, and on inner margin ;

apex fuscous ; a fuscous terminal line. Hind wings fuscous ;

the postmedial line more heavily marked, geminate between

veins 5 and 2 and on inner margin; an indistinct darker

subterminal shade. Hind wings below paler ; a black discal

spot ; the postmedial line single.

Expanse 31 mm.

Hab. Tuis.

Thursanta pholoe, sp. n.

$. Palpi brown irrorated with buff. Head, collar, and

thorax brownish grey. Abdomen fuscous grey. Fore wings

brownish grey ; a velvety brown-black subbasal streak to

median; a similar antemedial fascia across costa and cell,

expanding into a large spot between median and submedian ;

two similar superposed spots at end of cell, partly edged with

whitish buff, closely followed by the dentate postmedial line ;

a subterminal narrow fuscous shade, outangled just above

vein 6 and on vein 4; terminal fuscous spots on interspaces.

Hind wings fuscous ; a faint discal spot, straight postmedial

shade, and curved subterminal line. Wings below fuscous

grey; dark discal spots and postmedial line. Hind wings

rather paler; a subterminal shade, more heavily marked at

analangle. .

Expanse 27 mm.

Hab. Turrialba.

Thursania dissona, sp. n.

9. Palpi upeurved, second joint smoothly scaled, with

tuft above near middle, third joint tufted at middle above,

leaving the tip naked, acuminate, lilacine brown irrorated

with dull brown, the tufts mottled with black. Head, collar,

thorax, and fore wings light brown faintly tinged with

lilacine. Abdomen ae at base, irrorated with purplish

brown terminally. Fore wings: lines indistinct, consisting

of dark irrorations ; antemedial outangled in cell, outbent on

inner margin ; traces of a medial line crossing the reniform,

which is indistinct, orange-brown; postmedial vertical to

vein 2, then slightly incurved; a subterminal, sinuous, dark

brown shade, divided by a faint light brown line; the apex

shaded with fuscous ; an interrupted terminal dark brown

line. Hind wings dark grey, the space from veins 2 to 4

buff irrorated with brown; a postmedial fine dark line, vertical

to just below vein 2, angled and inbent to inner margin ; the

16 Mr. W. Schaus on

termen broadly shaded with dark dull brown; a terminal

dark brown line. Wings below paler, the hind wings

irrorated with brown ; a large black discal spot; the post-

medial line finely irregular, slightly curved ; the discal spot

on fore wings a black point.

Expanse 29 mm.

Hab. Guapiles.

Thursania cherilus, sp. n.

9. Head and thorax dark brown. Abdomen fuscous

brown. Tore wings a trifle paler than thorax, the lines

darker; antemedial line slightly outbent to median, then

vertical ; orbicular a black point ; medial shade vertical,

crossing discocellular, on which there is a fine blackish line ;

postmedial line wavy, vertical ; a pale subterminal wavy line

inwardly broadly shaded with dark brown; a terminal,

faintly lunular, brown-black line on both wings. Hind wings

dark greyish brown; a dark streak on discocellular, fine

postmedial line, and a faint pale subterminal line inwardly

shaded with dark brown, chiefly between veins 2 and 5.

Wings below paler ; black discal spots; a finely wavy dark

brown postmedial line; a narrow subterminal dark brown

shade.

Expanse 26 mm.

Hab. La Florida.

Thursania faustitas, sp. n.

?. Palpi buff, finely darkly irrorated, very long, straight,

slender, smoothly scaled, porrect or slightly ascending.

Body and fore wings buff, the abdomen with paler seg-

mental lines. Fore wings: antemedial line fine, black,

wavy, outbent to submedian, outcurved on inner margin ;

orbicular small, annular ; reniform finely outlined in fuscons,

containing some orange-brown scaling; postmedial line

finely wavy, vertical to vein 2, slightly incurved below it;

subterminal line pale, defined by fuscous shading, which

expands to apex, incurved opposite cell and below vein 2;

on both wings a terminal black line, slightly lunular, inter-

rupted by veins. Hind wings suffused with brownish grey ;

postmedial line fine, distinct, nearly vertical to vein 2, then

inbent to inner margin, followed by a pale shade. Wings

below thinly irrorated with brown ; black discal spots, larger

on hind wings ; a fine postmedial line ; a subterminal fuscous

shade, crossed by a pale line.

Expanse 30 mm.

Hab. Guapiles.

Heterocera from Costa Rica. LY

Epizeuais zentium, sp. n.

3. Head, collar, thorax, and wings dull brown. Abdo-

men fuscous; anal hairs whitish buff. Fore wings: a

black point at base of cell; antemedial fine, dark brown,

slightly inset in cell and interrupted below it; a minute

orbicular point ; a dark brown medial shade, suffusing with

reniform, which is large, darkly outlined ; postmedial fine,

inbent opposite cell, incurved between vein 2 and submedian,

partly interrupted ; subterminal indistinct, paler, inwardly

shaded with dark brown, especially from vein 4 to costa ;

terminal brown-black points. Hind wings: a velvety discal

point followed by a faint medial shade; postmedial dark

brown, wavily dentate; a very faint subterminal paler

shade ; terminal black points. Wings below paler ; a well-

marked postmedial line; terminal dark points; a black

discal point on hind wings,

Expanse 29 mm.

Hab. Zent.

Very near E. (Bleptina) malia, Dr., which has medial

shade and postmedial line further apart and a white point in

reniform.

fTeterogramma contempta, sp. n.

¢. Palpi brown, upcurved, fringed above with grey-black

hairs. Head, collar, and thorax dark grey-brown ; patagia

light brown. Abdomen light brown, darker shaded ter-

minally, Fore wings light brown, the lines fuscous brown ;

antemedial line fine, angled on veins, outcurved from median

to submedian ; orbicular rather large, yellow-brown, finely

dark-edged ; medial shade inbent from costa, vertical below

cell, closely followed by reniform, which is large, yellow-

brown, containing two black points ; postmedial fine, out-

curved below costa, sinuous, inbent from vein 4, and slightly

outangled on 3, 2, and submedian ; an irregular, subterminal,

yellow-brown line, partly narrowly edged with dark brown ;

terminal semilunar brownish-black spots on interspaces of

both wings. Hind wings dark greyish brown; darker

medial and postmedial lines; a fine subterminal pale line,

partly dentate lunular. Fore wings below dull grey-brown ;

a darker postmedial line and dark-edged pale subterminal

line on costal half of wing. Hind wings below white

irrorated with dull brown chiefly on costal margin; a straight

medial and curved postmedial line; the whitish subterminal

defined by dark shading on either side.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xi. 2

18 Mr. W. Schaus on

Expanse 22 mm.

Hab. Esperanza.

Fore wing without areole ; veins 8-10 stalked from end of

cell.

APUSTIS, gen. nov.

Male.—Antenn finely pubescent, ciliate. Palpi up-

curved; third joint nearly as long as second, smooth, acumi-

nate, with tufts of hairs at middle. Fore wings broad, the

apex acute, the outer margin incurved below apex, then

obliquely rounded; veins 3, 4, 5 apart from lower angle ;

6 from near upper angle ; 7, 8, 9 stalked from upper angle;

10 and 11 from cell. Hind wings: veins 3 and 4 from lower

angle, 5 from close to lower angle, 6 and 7 from upper angle.

Type of genus, Apust?s sabulosa, Schs.

Apustis sabulosa, sp. n.

&. Body bone-colour irrorated with black and fuscous

brown, more thickly on collar and thorax; abdomen with

clear segmental lines.~ Fore wings similar, the irrorations

almost completely obscuring ground-colour, except on a

narrow basal space, and on lines which are of ground-colour ;

antemedial lunular, outwardly edged by a fine fuscous line ;

orbicular very small, whitish; a fine fuscous medial line

across reniform, which is narrow, black, inwardly marked

with a white point; postmedial fine, wavy, dentate, widest

on costa; subterminal forming irregular outcurves ; a terminal

interrupted fuscous line ; cilia mottled with brown at base,

crossed by a dark line and terminally spotted with fuscous.

Hind wings bone-colour; transverse shades and. terminal

lines fuscous ; medial shade faintly marked, postmedial! and

subterminal distinct; outer margin thickly irrorated with

brown ;- base to postmedial thinly irrorated with fuscous.

Fore wings below paler; subterminal line heavily shaded

inwardly with fuscous on costa. Hind wings below thickly

irrorated with fuscous brown; medial line more distinct, with

blacker shading on discocellular ; a streak from postmedial

inbent to cell ; postmedial and subterminal followed by clear

bone-colour edging.

Expanse 27 mm.

Hab. Sixola.

METACINIA, gen. nov,

Male,—Antenne with short cilia. Palpi flat, upeurved,

—-— ss"

——

Heterocera from Costa Rica. 19

barely reaching thorax, smoothly scaled. Fore tarsi partly

concealed by long process from base. Fore wings narrow; vein

-3 from before lower angle; 4 and 5 from lower angle; 6 from

near upper angle ; 7 from upperangle; 8,9, 10 stalked from

end of cell. Hind wings narrow; anal angle truncated from

vein 2; veins 3 and 4 and 6 and 7 shortly stalked; vein 5

from near lower angle.

Type of genus, Aletacinia limonalis, Schs.

Metacinia limonalis, sp. n.

9. Palpi upeurved, reaching well above head; antenne

thinly ciliated. Head and thorax dark lilacine brown ; abdo-

men fuscous brown. Fore wings lilacine brown, shading to

dull reddish brown before terminal space, which is thickly

irrorated with white, inwardly limited by a lunular sub-

terminal white line, and outwardly limited by a fuscous

dentate lunular line; a fine reddish-brown antemedial line ;

a fine vertical medial shade and a fine dentate lunular post-

medial line, also vertical ; a black point as orbicular; a white

point as reniform; cilia fuscous grey mottled with white.

Hind wings fuscous brown; a subterminal whitish line at

anal angle; a terminal fuscous line. Fore wings below

fuscous grey, hind wings paler; an indistinct darker post-

medial line ; a pale subterminal line inwardly darker shaded,

Expanse 29 mm.

Hab. Limon, Sixola, Juan Vinas.

A male from French Guiana only differs in having the

third joint of palpi a trifle longer. This is figured in the

‘ Biologia’ as theroalis, Wik., but is not that species, which

also differs in neuration,

Drepanopalpia arenacea, sp. n.

g. Palpi outwardly pale lilacine brown, with a line of

. black irrorations along upper edge, the tufts on third joint

pale yellowish. Head, collar, and thorax pale lilacine-brown

thinly irrorated with black. Abdomen paler, irrorated with

dark brown, more thickly on terminal segments. Fore

wings pale lilacine brown with some pale orange-brown

shadings, and a few scattered dark scales; traces of a very

fine, irregular antemedial line; reniform pale brown with

some black irrorations ; a fine dark postmedial lunular line,

slightly incurved below vein 3; termen broadly dark lilacine

grey, preceded by a faint brownish shade and crossed by a

row of subterminal pale points on veins; a terminal lunular

black line. Hind wings whitish, with some brown irroratious

20 Mr. W. Schaus on

beyond middle; a fine lunular postmedial line; termen

broadly shaded with dark greyish brown crossed by a sub-

terminal whitish line ; a dark terminal lunular line. Fore

wings below dark grey in disc, a black point at end of cell,

fine postmedial line, and broad subterminal fuscous shade

from costa, narrowing towards inner margin. Hind wings

below white on inner area, pale buff on costa and termen

with dark irrorations ; a dark discal spot; a fine lunular

postmedial line ; a subterminal dark shade.

Expanse 30 mm.

Hab. Poas.

Bleptina ? infausta, sp. n.

@. Body fuscous brown, head, collar, and thorax tinged

with purple-black ; a few whitish irrorations on abdomen.

Fore wings dark brown; base and medial space tinged with

lilacine slate-colour; lines dull, darker brown ; a subbasal,

geminate antemedial, and geminate postmedial line ; a black

point in cell ; an irregular dentate subterminal line, faintly

marked, bluish white, followed by similar irrorations on

margin. Hind wings black; a large white spot from base

to beyond middle of wing. Underneath black, the white

space on hind wing as above.

Expanse 34 mm.

flab. Turrialba.

Veins 8, 9, 10 stalked from end of areole.

Bleptina obscura, sp. n.

9. Body and wings very dark brown, the lines darker

richer brown. Fore wings: antemedial line faintly out-

curved ; a broad medial shade, indistinct, crossing end of

cell; two white spots on discocellular; postmedial slightly

outcurved ; an interrupted whitish subterminal line from

costa to vein 3; a terminal dark line expanding into spots .

on interspaces. Hind wings: a postmedial line, very faint

towards costa. Wings below dull greyish brown ; a faint

medial line ; a more distinct postmedial line ; hind wings

with a subterminal line followed by a grey shade, and a dark

point on discocellular.

Expanse 31 mm.

Hab. Guapiles.

Mamerthes gangaba, sp. n.

&$. Palpi whitish buff above, laterally streaked with black

a a

Heterocera from Costa Rica. 21

and brown. Head, collar, and thorax fuscous brown.

Abdomen dark with pale segmental lines. Fore wings dark

lilacine grey tinged with brown; base to antemedial paler,

crossed by a faint lunular subbasal line, and with a dark

spot at base of median; antemedial yellowish buff, somewhat

ineurved across cell, outbent on inner margin, outwardly

dark-edged, and followed below cell by an oblique velvety

brown-black spot; orbicular horizontally oval, dark-edged,

containing some yellowish scales; reniform large, broad,

velvety brown-black, crossed by a crescent-shaped yellow

line; postmedial yellowish, finely edged with brown-black

scales, and followed by a dark spot below vein 7; an irre-

gular line of dark scaling subterminally, forming a spot

near apex; small terminal black spots. Hind wings dull

brown-grey. Wings below paler; markings more pro-

nounced on hind wings, with larger discal spot; a post-

medial line and subterminal shade, which on costa of fore

wings is broad and preceded by a pale shade,

Expanse 33 mm.

Hab. Poas.

GOROSINA, gen. nov.

Female.—Antenne ciliated. Palpi: second joint long,

obliquely ascending; third short, angled back; both joints with

long fringe of hair above: Fore wings broad; costal margin

convex, apex acute; outer margin slightly oblique; vein 3

from well before lower angle; 4 and 5 from lower angle;

6 from upper angle; 7-10 stalked ; 11 free. Hind wings:

veins 3 and 4 stalked; 5 from lower angle; 6 and 7 on

short stalk.

Type of genus, Gorosina ampla, Schs.

Gorosina ampla, sp. n.

@. Palpi dark brown, fringed above with long fuscous

hairs, thinly irrorated with grey; base below shaded with

buff. Head, collar, and thorax fuscous, irrorated with grey,

the patagia outwardly reddish brown. Abdomen above

brown shaded with fuscous; pale lateral segmental spots.

Fore wings light brown, darker on basal half; costal margin

tinged with grey ; inner margin finely fuscous; a fine dark

antemedial line, angled on costa, inbent to median, out-

curved below cell, and again somewhat inbent; spots whitish

grey, the orbicular small, the reniform moderate, somewhat

inbent ; medial line beyond cell, fuscous brown, angled at

vein 8, and slightly sinuous to middle of inner margin ;

22 Mr. W. Schaus on

postmedial line fine, dark brown, deeply lunular with points

on veins; subterminal white points shaded with fuscous on

veins, the point on vein 7 black. Hind wings shaded with

fuscous on termen; medial and postmedial fuscous lines, the

latter finely dentate ; subterminal spots as on fore wing.

Fore wings below greyish brown; a small black orbicular

spot; reniform narrow, outlined in fuscous brown, containing

a greyish streak ; medial line faint ; postmedial less lunular ;

a subterminal white line followed by a black spot on vein 7.

Hind wings browner; a black point in cell; a larger spot

on discocellular ; the medial and postmedial lines fainter ;

the subterminal spots as above.

Expanse 40 mm.

Hab. Tuis.

EPIPHANIS, gen. nov.

Male.—Antenne pectinated. Palpi upcurved at base and

porrect, the third joint turned back, slender, long, and with

tufts at end. Fore wings: vein 3 from near lower angle ;

4 from lower angle, 5 close above it; 6 from near upper

angle; 7 from upper angle; 8, 9, 10 stalked from cell.

Hind wings: veins 3 and 4, and 6 and 7, on short stalk;

5 from near lower angle.

Type of genus, Epiphanis esperanzalis, Schs.

Epiphanis esperanzalis, sp. n.

go. Antenne: pectinated. Palpi: first joint upturned ;

second long, porrect ; third three times as long as second,

with long hairs at end. Head buff; collar and thorax dark

purple-brown. Abdomen dull fuscous purple. Fore wings

brown tinged with purple, irrorated with dull lilacine on

termen; the markings fuscous brown; a spot at base; an

irregular antemedial line, slightly outbent, inwardly shaded

with dull lilacine; orbicular small, round ; reniform crossed

by a paler line, its outer edge suffusing with a narrow,

interrupted medial shade; postmedial dentate, interrupted,

vertical to vein 5, slightly outcurved to 3 and incurved

below it; a broad subterminal shade, limited by a fine pale

buff line, sinuous and rather deeply inbent between veins 5

and 6; a coarse terminal dentate lunular black line. Hind

wings dark brown; postmedial and subterminal darker

shades, the latter outwardly pale-edged, some marginal

greyish irrorations ; terminal line as on fore wings. Wings

below greyish irrorated with brown ; the lines finely dentate,

‘

Hleterocera from Costa Rica, 23

dark brown; discal spots ; terminal line forming triangular

spots on interspaces.

Expanse 33 mm.

Hab. Esperanza.

PAROMIA, gen. nov.

Male.—Antennz pubescent, ciliate. Palpi curved back,

reaching thorax behind, smoothly scaled, the third joint

fringed with long hairs. Legs stout, smoothly scaled.

Fore wings broad; costa straight ; outer margin slightly

rounded; vein 3 from lower angle of cell; 4 and 5 above it,

apart ; vein 6 from upper angle; areole narrow ; veins 7, 8,

10 from end of areole, 9 stalked with 8. Hind wings broad,

the outer margin rounded; veins 3 and 4, and 6 and 7, on

short stalk ; 5 from near lower angle.

Type of genus, Paromia nigripunctata, Schs.

P. lysandria, Dr., has the fore tibize thickly clothed with

hairs.

Paromia nigripunctata, sp. n.

3. Body grey-brown tinged with lilacine. Fore wings

dull lilacine ; costa finely ochreous brown; antemedial line

fine, nearly vertical, olive-brown; a similar broad medial

shade ; a fine postmedial line suffusing with medial shade

below cell; a broad subterminal shade, its outer edge darker

shaded ; terminal dark brown points on interspaces ; orbicular

a black point; two black points on discocellular. Hind

wings fuscous brown, darker shaded subterminally. Wings

below brownish; faint postmedial and subterminal lines.

Hind wings somewhat shaded with lilacine grey; a small

discal spot.

Expanse 30 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Smaller, paler coloured than S. lysandria, Dr., and easily

distinguished by the black spots.

TARISTA, gen. nov.

Male.—Antenne pubescent, ciliate, with raised tuft about

middle of shaft. Palpi upturned, second joint fringed with

hair above, third joint very short. Fore tarsi with long

tufts of hair. Fore wings narrow ; vein 2 from just beyond

middle of cell; 3 from before lower angle; 4 and 5 from

lower angle; 6 from below upper angle; areole narrow.

7,8, and 9 on long stalk, 10 from end of areole. Hind

24 Mr. W. Schaus on

wings: veins 3 and 4, and 6 and 7, from angles; 5 from

near lower angle.

Type of genus, Tarista morosa, Schs.

Tarista morosa, sp. n.

g. Palpi dark brown. Head, collar, and thorax dark

purplish brown. Abdomen fuscous brown. Fore wings

purplish brown; antemedial fine, lunular, outbent, black ;

orbicular yellow-brown circled with black; a faint fuscous

medial line; reniform large, round, yellow-brown, containing

a curved black line near inner edge; postmedial dentate,

fuscous, indistinct ; a fine greyish subterminal line, sinuous

and partly dentate ; terminal fuscous streaks between veins,

ending in small points. Hind wings fuscous brown; a post-

medial black shade from vein 2 to inner margin where it

expands ; a faint subterminal line, edged with whitish scales

towards anal angle. Wings below fuscous; black discal

points and postmedial line; a subterminal line on hind

wings.

Expanse 30 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Tarista rufipalpis, sp. n.

?. Palpi reddish, the joints tipped with white. Head,

collar, and thorax reddish brown. Abdomen fuscous. Fore

wings reddish brown, darker shaded on interspaces beyond

medial line, and below vein 6 to margin ; antemedial darker

tinged, vertical, slightly outset below cell; orbicular a black

point; medial line outcurved in cell; reniform fuscous

mottled with whitish-blue scales, similar irrorations scattered

over outer half of wing ; postmedial outcurved, sinuous ; a

subterminal bluish-white line, incurved opposite cell and on

inner margin, otherwise indistinct, followed at tornus and

between veins 4 and 7 by pale irrorations, which also form

an edging to the terminal fuscous line. Cilia yellow-buff

mottled with black. Hind wings fuscous ; a faint darker

postmedial and subterminal line ; some bluish-white scaling

before terminal black line. Hind wings below fuscous

brown irorated with bluish white; a black discal spot and

postmedial line ; a subterminal whitish line on both wings.

EExpanse 37 mm.

Hab. Poas.

In this species the palpi are longer than in male type of

genus, but the third joint is proportionately short ; on hind

wings veins 4 and 6 are stalked, 6 and 7 more shortly so.

Heterocera from Costa Rica. 25

Tarista innocua, sp. n.

3. Body dull dark brown, some whitish irrorations on

abdomen. Wings dull greyish brown, lines dark brown,

Fore wings: antemedial line fine, outangled close below

cell, inangled on submedian; orbicular darkly outlined,

containing a buff-brown centre; a broad medial shade

suffusing with inner edge of reniform, which contains a light

brown shade ; postmedial line fine, sinuous, dentate ; sub-

terminal dark shade more heavily marked, dentate and

parallel with postmedial ; terminal dark points partly con-

nected by a line. Hind wings: postmedial and subterminal

shades more heavily marked towards inner margin, and

partly edged with white irrorations ; a terminal dark line.

Hind wings below greyish white irrorated with brown ; a

brown line on discocellular ; postmedial and subterminal

finely wavy lines.

Expanse 23 mm,

Hab, Poas.

_Aristaria nigrifrons, sp. n.

?. Palpi and frons black ; vertex and collar outwardly

brownish ochre; collar medially and thorax steel-grey,

iridescent. Abdomen fuscous. Fore wings dark brown ;

extreme costa brownish ochre, edged behind with steel-crey ;

lines darker brown, indistinct ; antemedial lunular, slightly

outbent; medial across end of cell; postmedial vertical ;

outer margin thickly irrorated with bluish white, crossed

close to its inner edge by a brown lunular line. Hind wings

fuscous brown, some terminal whitish scales between veins 2

and 4. Wings below fuscous brown, darkest along outer

margins ; a faint discal spot and postmedial line on hind

wings.

Expanse 33 mm,

Had. Juan Vinas.

Aristaria scortea, sp. n.

?. Palpi buff-brown with darker irrorations and shadings

on fringe above. Head, collar, and thorax brown. Abdo-

men lilacine grey, irrorated with dull greyish brown and

with pale segmental lines. Fore wings light brown; some

dark scales at base ; antemedial line fine, dark, wavily out-

bent, inangled on submedian; an orbicular black point;

reniform incurved, edged with dark scales ; postmedial line

fine, black, lunular, incurved opposite cell and below vein 2;

26 Mr. W. Schaus on

a subterminal dark lunular shade, followed by small clusters

of dark scales on interspaces; apex shaded with fuscous

grey; terminal black lines on interspaces. Hind wings

suffused with grey ; a fine postmedial fuscous line, vertical

on costa, slightly sinuous below vein 7, dentate below

vein 4; a broad subterminal dark grey shade followed by a

fine irregular line; a black terminal line interrupted by

veins. Wings below paler; black discal spots; the post-

medial line more heavily marked on hind wings.

ixpanse 30 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Tortricodes furrina, sp. 0.

9. Palpi upcurved, third joint slightly tufted above,

brown, finely irrorated with buff. Body and fore wings

brownish grey, tinged with lilacine ; some paler irrorations

on abdomen. Fore wings thinly irrorated with brown ;

lines fine, darker ; antemedial line more heavily marked on

costa, where it is outcurved, then wavy, vertical ; postmedial

line sinuous, vertical ; a large black-brown spot as reniform ;

postmedial fine, lunular, the lunules incurved opposite cell,

otherwise outcurved ; subterminal line defined by narrow

darker edging ; terminal dark spots. Hind wings duller,

not tinged with lilacine ; postmedial line fine, dark, vertical,

angled below vein 2 ; subterminal defined by darker shadings,

downbent to termen below vein2. Fore wings below paler,

duller ; hind wings buff-white irrorated with brown ; a fine

postmedial dark line; the subterminal indistinct; black

discal spots, preceded on hind wings by a short dark streak

in cell.

Expanse 28 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Fore wings without areole ; veins 7-10 stalked.

Hypena hicetasalis, sp. n.

@. Palpi, head, collar, and thorax fuscous grey, mottled

with dull grey. Abdomen dull fuscous, the basal dorsal

tuft like thorax. Fore wings grey irrorated with fuscous

brown ; a clearer pale grey shade along median and sub-

median to postmedial ; antemedial brown line indistinct,

chiefly noticeable on inner margin; postmedial dark brown,

slightly incurved on costa, angled and inbent with a slight

angle on fold, followed by a broad whitish-grey shade,

bifureating to apex; a broad fuscous shade from termen

Heterocera from Costa Rica. 27

below apex to inner margin, edged below vein 5 by parallel

black lines; veins terminally streaked with black ; marginal

greyish shadings below vein 5, interrupted by a black shade

above submedian; a terminal black line, thickening at

veins ; cilia with a pale line at base. Hind wings dull

fuscous. Wings below dull fuscous grey ; faint traces of a

postmedial darker line; a fine terminal fuscous-brown

line.

Expanse 28 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas, Banana River.

Hypena fufialis, sp. n.

@. Palpi roseate brown irrorated with dark brown.

Head, collar, and thorax lilacine grey. Abdomen above

fuscous grey ; a velvety brown dorsal tuft at base ; under-

neath whitish buff. Fore wings: a whitish-buff shade in

and just below cell, limited below by a black-brown line to

postmedial ; costal margin broadly lilacine with scattered

brown irrorations; inner margin to postmedial similar; a

small black spot at base of cell ; antemedial fine, brown,

indistinct, followed in cell by a small velvety black spot ;

a minute black dot on discocellular behind, and traces of one

in front ; postmedial fine, dark brown, downcurved and

acutely angled at vein 6, then inbent, straight, slightly out-

set at fold, followed by a whitish-buff shade from inner

margin to vein 6, where it diverges to apex ; a broad fuscous-

brown shade from termen at apex to inner margin, expanding

to termen from apex to vein 4, below which the termen is

shaded with lilacine buff, with darker irrorations ; a terminal

fuscous line, inwardly edged with pale lunules. Hind

wings fuscous grey; a terminal velvety black line; cilia

buff at base, crossed by a fine darker geminate line and

tipped with white. Hind wings below whitish, dusted with

grey; the terminal line distinct ; a dark shade on disco-

cellular.

Expanse 24 mm.

Hab, Juan Vinas.

Hypena miranda, sp. n.

&. Palpi, head, collar, and thorax greyish brown, the

scales faintly paler tipped. Fore wings brown, slightly

tinged with red medially, the lines dark reddish brown ;

antemedial line outbent to fold, incurved, and vertical on

inner margin, where it is inwardly shaded with some whitish

scales; postmedial line outangled beyond cell; a darker

28 Mr. W. Schaus on

line on discocellular; small subterminal dark spots out-

wardly pale shaded; a terminal narrow darker shade. Hind

wings fuscous brown; cilia tipped with whitish. Wings

below fuscous grey ; no markings.

Expanse 36 mm.

Hab. Sixola, Banana River.

Hypena tithonalis, sp. n.

9. Palpi, head, and thorax brown. Abdomen fuscous.

Fore wings: basal half reddish brown, limited by the post-

medial line; some dark irrorations at base; antemedial line

fine, dark brown, outcurved on costa and cell, and irregularly

outcurved below cell; a medial black shade, heaviest in cell

and above submedian ; postmedial line fine, whitish buff,

inwardly edged with dark brown, slightly inbent on costal

margin, faintly curved beyond cell, and very slightly outbent

from median to inner margin; outer half fuscous grey,

almost black; small subterminal black spots; apex and

tornus shaded with grey ; a terminal black line inwardly

shaded with light brown; cilia dark grey, crossed by two

fine darker lines. Hind wings fuscous brown. Wings

below dark grey ; costa of fore wings, and the hind wings,

irrorated with brown; fuscous discal points; an interrupted

terminal dark line; subterminal small black spots on fore

wings.

Expanse 27 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Near ZH. bergealis, Schs.

Hypena ceruleopicta, sp. n.

9. Palpi buff-brown, darkly irrorated. Head, collar, and

thorax dark brown somewhat irrorated with lilacine. Abdo-

men fuscous grey ; a dark brown dorsal tuft at base. Fore

wings fuscous brown, thinly irrorated with bright blue

scales ; antemedial line vertical, lunular, dark reddish brown,

inwardly edged with dark lilacine grey ; orbicular small,

black ; reniform a black line, edged with pale brown; post-

medial dark reddish brown, very slightly inbent, sinuous,

outwardly edged with dark lilacine grey ; subterminal coarse,

black, somewhat macular, sinuous inversely to postmedial,

outwardly edged with pale blue; cilia fuscous tipped with

pale reddish brown; inner margin straight. Hind wings

brownish grey; a black shade at anal angle, and one on

termen at vein 2; cilia light brown. Fore wings below

fuscous grey, the costa irrorated with buff and brown ; traces

Heterocera from Costa Rica. 29

of postmedial and subterminal lines, the latter with black

and white spots near costa. Hind wings below greyish

irrorated with dark brown, the veins light brown; a fuscous

discal point; a fine postmedial line; a subterminal black

shade at anal angle.

Expanse 34 mm,

Hab. Poas, Turrialba.

Pterhemia exscissa, sp. n.

3. Palpi fuscous grey. Body and wings dull brownish

grey, the Jatter thinly irrorated with dark brown, Tore

wings: traces of a fine lunular antemedial line ; orbicular

a black point ; reniform a white point ; postmedial straight,

inbent, consisting of a fuscous-brown shade, outwardly

edged with buff and a pale brown line; a subterminal

fuscous spot from above vein 5 to above 6, inwardly edged

by a fine buff line which continues to inner margin; a

smaller fuscous spot above vein 6, nearer termen, and a

small terminal spot above 7 ; apex shaded with buff; a very

fine terminal dark line. Hind wings: outer margin above

vein 3 to costa broadly excised ; costal half grey, thinly

scaled; below vein 3 like fore wings, with postmedial and

subterminal lines. Wings below paler, thinly irrorated with

brown; a buff spot at apex of fore wings; hind wings with

a dark streak on discocellular, the space beyond cell thinly

scaled.

Expanse 27 mm.

Hab. Banana River.

Gustiana undilinea, sp. n.

$. Palpi brown with pale irrorations. Body brownish

grey, the abdomen paler than thorax. Fore wings brownish

grey, paler on terminal third, and with darker irrorations ;

lines fuscous brown ; antemedial inbent in cell, outcurved

to submedian, and again on inner margin; a dark shade on

discocellular ; postmedial outcurved beyond cell, slightly

inbent at vein 4, and sinuous to inner margin; a faint darker

subterminal shade; terminal fuscous spots. Hind wings

whitish irrorated with brownish grey, more so terminally

and at apex; terminal fuscous spots. Fore wings below

fuscous grey ; traces of postmedial line. Hind wings below

with fewer irrorations.

Expanse 22-26 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas, Tuis.

30 Mr. W. Schaus on

Boletobia tenebrosa, sp. n.

&. Body and wings fuscous faintly tinged with brown.

Wings: the termen greyish buff, thickly irrorated with

fuscous, leaving a subterminal clearer buff shade. Wings

below fuscous grey, thickly and coarsely irrorated with

fuscous brown.

Expanse 13 mm.

Hab. Sixola.

Boletobia turpis, sp. n.

&. Body fuscous. Wings brown, thickly irrorated with

fuscous, and with faint traces of an antemedial, postmedial,

and subterminal dark line, very confused and indistinct.

Fore wings: a minute lighter brown medial spot on costa,

and pale points towards apex. Wings below dull greyish,

more thinly irrorated with fuscous ; the postmedial line

slightly outbent on fore wings ; the subterminal shade cut

by veins.

Expanse 20 mm.

Hab. Cachi.

LUTOGONIA, gen. nov.

Female.—Antennee minutely ciliated. Palpi porrect, twice

the length of head, the second joint fringed below with long

hairs, the third smoothly scaled, the tips blunt. Legs

smoothly sealed. Fore wings: costal margin straight, outer

margin rounded; vein 3 from before lower angle; 4 and 5

from lower angle ; 6 from upper angle ; areole very narrow,

7 from end, 8, 9, 10 stalked ; 11 free. Hind wings: onter

margin slightly incurved opposite cell; veins 3 and 4

from a point; 5 from lower angle; 6 and 7 from upper

angle.

Type of genus, Lutogonia simplex, Schs.

Lutogonia simplex, sp. n.

? Palpi, head, collar, and thorax buff-brown. Abdomen

buff-grey irrorated with brown. Fore wings light brown,

shaded with dark brown beyond cell to costa before apex ;

a broad white streak on discocellular which is oblique ; a

fine terminal dark line, lunular ; cilia dark brown. Hind

wings white ; a dark terminal line, preceded by some light

brown irrorations ; cilia buff mottled with dark grey. Hind

Heterocera from Costa Rica. 31

wings below white, the costa darkly irrorated ; a dark discal

spot ; traces of a subterminal brown shade.

Expanse 19 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

UzinIA, gen. nov.

Male.—Palpi obliquely ascending, barely reaching above

head, moderately scaled, the third joint minute. Antennz

fasciculate. Legs smooth ; fore tibia with longer hairs.

Abdomen with dorsal tuft at base. Fore wings: costa

slightly convex; outer margin obliquely rounded; vein 8

well before angle of cell; 4 and 5 from lower angle ; 6 from

close to upper angle; areole narrow ; veins 7, 8,10 from

end of areole, 8 and 9 stalked. Hind wings: veins 3 and 4

from lower angle; 5 slightly above angle ; 6 and 7 from

upper angle.

Type of genus, Uzinia hyas, Schs.

Uzinia hyas, sp. n.

3. Palpi and head dark brown. Collar and thorax

brown. Abdomen greyish brown. Fore wings light brown,

darkly irrorated, the outer margin shaded with fuscous ;

antemedial line indistinct, buft-brown, inangled in cell,

crossing below cell a fuscous-grey shade ; a fuscous shade

along costa to postmedial; this line finely wavy, slightly

inbent, on costa buff divided by a fine dark line, from below

vein 7 white with fine dark edging; a subterminal dark

sinuous line, faintly edged outwardly with white irrorations ;

the terminal black line fine, edged with light brown; cilia

fuscous. Hind wings dark grey, the cilia mottled with

light brown towards apex. Hind wings below white

irrorated with grey-brown, chiefly on costal half; a faint

discal point.

Expanse 16 mm.

Hab. Esperanza, Sixola.

Ocalaria pavo, sp. n.

@. Body dull brownish grey, the collar shaded with

brown ; basal segment of abdomen buff-white, overlapped by

fuscous hairs on thorax. Wings buff-white, thickly irrorated

with brownish grey except along outer edge of the dentate

postmedial, and inner edge of the dentate subterminal darker

lines, the space between them grey-black shot with golden

brown; a marginal dark lunular line. Fore wings: an

32 Mr. W. Schaus on

irregular vertical antemedial dark line, inwardly pale-shaded ;

a large black ocellus at end of cell edged with yellowish

white, and containing a white point ; the medial line fine,

dark, outcurved close around the ocellus, and immediately

followed by the reniform, which is long and narrow, slightly

curved, white, containing a dark line; a round black spot

at apex containing a white point on its costal edge. Hind

wings: a straight dark medial line, and dark shade on

discocellular, the latter partly paler edged. Wings below

whiter, the lines similar but reduced ; the medial line on

fore wings not reaching inner margin ; the ocellus and apical

spot as above.

Expanse 28 mm.

Hab, Sixola.

Allied to O. oculata, Dr.

POROSANA, gen. nov.

Male.—Palpi upeurved, barely reaching vertex, smoothly

scaled, with very short fringe on second joint below; the

third acute, one-third as long as second. Antenne pubes-

cent. Legs smoothly scaled ; spurs on hind tibie long;

abdomen short. Fore wings narrow; veins 3, 4, 5 from

lower angle; 6 from close to upper angle; 7-10 on long

stalk, 7 from before 10; 11 free. Hind wings: veins 3 and

A on long stalk; 5 from near middle of discocellular ; 6 and

7 from upper angle.

Type of genus, Porosana uruca, Schs.

Porosana uruca, sp. n.

3. Palpi, head, collar, and thorax fuscous brown : a large

white spot on thorax behind extending on basal segments of

abdomen; abdomen otherwise fuscous. Fore wings fuscous

brown to postmedial line, the termen dark slate-colour; the

scales forming transverse strie ; antemedial and postmedial

lines outcurved, brownish, marked by white streaks on costa

and geminate white points on interspaces ; a marginal dark

brown line, inwardly edged with white, outwardly with light

brown, preceded by a white spot on submedian fold; cilia

dark slate-colour, tipped with white at vein 5 and below apex.

Hind wings brownish grey; a dark discal point; a dark

brown terminal line, outwardly edged with whitish brown ;

cilia partly tipped with white. Wings below silky grey; a

postmedial white streak on costa of fore wings and small

Heterocera from Costa Rica. 33

apical white shade. Hind wings: a dark discal point; a

whitish subterminal line and similar shade at anal angle.

Expanse 19 mm.

Hab. La Uruca.

I am indebted to Mr. Dognin for a specimen of this species.

Rhesena darconis, sp. n.

?. Palpi, head, and collar yellowish buff irrorated with

ochreous, sometimes browner. Thorax lilacine brown.

Abdomen greyish brown irrorated with purple-red. Fore

wings brown tinged with lilacine; base slightly darker ;

antemedial line outcurved, vaguely indicated by pale scales

preceded by a rust-brown shade; orbicular annular, faintly

marked; a fine, straight, lilacine medial line, outbent from

costa to inner margin, broadly shaded inwardly with rust-

brown ; reniform faintly indicated by some dark points; a

curved brown postmedial line from subcostal to vein 4,

followed by some rust-brown shading ; a fuscous subterminal

line, inangled on vein 5; termen shaded with rust-brown.

Hind wings fuscous brown. Fore wings below fuscous, the

apex tinged with yellowish buff. Hind wings below partly

shaded with yellow-buff and irrorated with dark brown; a

small dark discal spot, postmedial line, and subterminal shade.

Expanse 22 mm.

Hab. Sixola, Banana River,

Near C. lea, Druce.

Rhesena melicerta, sp. n.

@. Palpi dark brown, points tipped with buff. Head,

collar, and thorax dark brown; some light reddish-brown

scales on vertex; some lilacine irrorations on collar and

thorax. Abdomen above fuscous brown ; some grey scaling

terminally, Fore wings brown, darkest at base, medially

and subterminally ; lilacine blue irrorations at base, outwardly

on lines, in cell medially, and on termen from vein 4 to

tornus, also before postmedial on costa, beyond cell, and on

inner margin; lines black, antemedial outbent, incurved

between veins ; postmedial lunular, twice outcurved, inangled

on vein 2 ; orbicular and reniform indistinct, small, linear ;

subterminal shade expanding between veins 4 and 6, cut by

a whitish streak at vein 6. Hind wings fuscous brown.

Fore wings below fuscous, the costa tinged with lilacine

brown; a black postmedial line. Hind wings below tinged

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xi.

34 Mr. W. Schaus on

with lilacine, the inner margin whitish, and irrorated witli

fuscous brown; a dark discal spot and very distinct post-

medial line ; a fuscous subterminal shade.

Expanse 30 mm.

Hab, Sitio.

Close to Platydia rufinalis, W\k., but of a different colour.

Dercetis ? plumbea, sp. n.

?. Body and wings leaden grey, the two basal segments

of abdomen paler. Fore wings: lines thick, orange+brown ;

a basal line on costa and cell; antemedial very slightly

inbent, mottled with black-brown scaling ; a small yellow

spot in cell medially close to subcostal and a streak on costa

beyond it; a spot on discocellular irrorated with black-

brown ; postmedial also irregularly mottled with black-

brown, inangled at vein 5 aud slightly outcurved to sub-

median fold and again to inner margin; termen sinuous.

Hind wings tinged with brown; a dark postmedial outcurved

line and indistinct subterminal shade. Wings below paler ;

fore wings with a dark postmedial line; hind wings with a

large black-brown spot on discocellular, preceded by asmaller

spot in cell; a similar postmedial fine line and small terminal

spots above and below vein 6.

Expanse 14 mm.

Hab. Sixola.

Mecynoptera convergens, sp. n.

9. Palpi orange, mottled with dark brown outwardly.

Head and collar orange irrorated with reddish brown. Thorax

purple-brown. Abdomen dark reddish brown, tinged with

orange terminally, and with dark grey segmental lines. Fore

wings purple-brown ; an outeurved darker brown antemedial

line, interrupted by the annular orbicular spot; an outbent

medial and an inbent postmedial dark brown shade almost

meeting on inner margin; the reniform very large, outlined

in dark brown ; the medial line outwardly edged with white

on costa; subterminal fuscous spots almost forming a line

and a marginal dark shade at vein 3; an almost terminal

fine dark line. Hind wings fuscous brown. Fore wings

below brown; the costal margin, apex, and termen orange

finely irrorated with dark brown; the inner margin white ;

a brown spot at end of cell; a dark postmedial line from

costa to vein 4. Hind wings orange irrorated with dark

brown ; a dark discocellular streak and fine postmedial line.

Ex panse 29 mm.

Hab, Esperanza,

ae ee ne ed

eh ae

Heterocera from Costa Rica. 35

P@NOMIA, gen. nov.

Male.—Antenne pubescent, ciliate. Palpi upeurved, the

third joint longer than second, upturned, with long tufts from

its base on inner side. Fore tibize hairy. Wings long and

narrow. Fore wings: costal margin with fold below at base,

medially slightly depressed ; veins 3, 4, 5 close together

from lower angle of cell; 7, 8, 10 from areole, 9 stalked

with 8. Hind wings: veins 3 and 4, and 6 and 7, on short

stalk ; 5 from near lower angle.

Type of genus, Panomia turpis, Schs.

Penomia turpis, sp. n.

3d. Palpi, head, collar, and thorax fuscous, thinly irrorated

with yellowish scales ; third joint of palpi with long tufts of

whitish hairs. Abdomen fuscous grey above, underneath

buff-brown, with dark segmental lines. Wings fuscous tinged

with olive- ‘brown, the markings darker, partly defined “by

pale edging. Fore wings: a subbasal line; antemedial

vertical, slightly lunular ; a medial shade postmedial

lunular, dentate, vertical to ‘vein 5, then slightly outeurved ;

subterminal fine, indistinct, whitish grey. Hind wings: a

line on discocellular ; postmedial and subterminal broad, the

latter outwardly pale-edged ; terminal white points between

veins on both wings. Fore wings below fuscous grey; a

dark discal point; a faint darker postmedial line ; a whitish

subterminal line. Hind wings whitish irrorated with fuscous

grey, forming postmedial, subterminal, and marginal shades,

all rather broad; discal spot well marked.

Expanse 35 mm.

Hab. San José.

Penomia maculata, sp. n.

?. Palpi, head, collar, and thorax fuscous tinged with

lilacine ; third joint of palpi ringed and tipped with grey.

Abdomen fuscous above with dorsal tufts, underneath

whitish grey. Fore wings fuscous tinged with lilacine, the

markings velvety black; a basal and broad subbasal shade, the

latter expanding just above submedian, and closely followed

by a very fine antemedial line, parallel ‘to its outer edge and

tinged with reddish brown above and_ below submedian ;

orbicular small, round, dull black; a geminate outcurved

medial line, broken into spots from cell to inner margin ;

reniform large, its outer edge incurved; postmedial out-

curved, consisting of small * quadrate spots, followed by

86 Mr. W. Schaus on

smaller grey and black spots on veins; a subterminal dentaté

black shade, more noticeable above vein 4; small black

marginal spots. Hind wings fuscous brown; some black

shading and a short white line on inner margin near anal

angle; small black marginal spots. Fore wings below

fuscous grey; faint traces of a discal spot, medial, post-

medial, outer, and subterminal lines. Hind wings below

whitish irrorated with brownish grey, forming three lines

beyond the discal spot ; terminal black spots on interspaces.

Expanse 33 mm.

Hab. Cartago.

Penomia hiempsal, sp. n.

g. Palpi roseate brown at base, the third joint dark-

shaded, tufted with whitish hairs. Head, collar, and thorax

dull olive-grey, the patagia with dark brown mottlings.

Fore wings pale olive-green; base dark reddish brown, the

outer edge straight, inwardly oblique from costa, crossed by

a fine oblique pale line; the costa narrowly black ; an ante-

medial black spot on costa and indistinct fine dentate brown

line; orbicular spot small, mottled brown and whitish grey ;

a black medial spot and an irregular reddish-brown line,

followed by a dull olive-brown shade to postmedial, enclosing

the reniform, which consists of fine whitish lines, followed by

a dark brown shade ; postmedial line dark brown, irregular,

incurved above inner margin, followed there and on costa by

a pale olive-buff shade, and some bluish-white irrorations on

interspaces between veins 2 and 7; a large triangular fuscous

spot on costa before apex; termen above vein 5 whitish buff,

with a subterminal brownish shade, below vein 5 dark brown

crossed by a paler subterminal line, edged on either side with

fuscous spots on interspaces; terminal black spots. Hind

wings dark greyish brown, with darker transverse medial,

postmedial, and subterminal shades, more heavily marked

and irrorated with bluish-white scales between veins 2

and 5. Fore wings below grey-brown ; the costa and shade

beyond postmedial yellowish ; subterminal whitish, irregular ;

whitish irrorations terminally. Hind wings below white

irrorated with brown; a dark discal spot and faint medial

line; postmedial lunular dentate, distinct ; subterminal

somewhat geminate.

Expanse 25 mm.

Hab. Tuis.

Fleterocera from Costa Rica, at

Rivula rufescens, sp. n.

g. Head, thorax, and fore wings brown tinged with

reddish, the thorax and basal half of wings darker. Abdo-

men above fuscous brown ; anal hairs light brown ; underneath

luteous, with black hairs at anus. Fore wings: a small

white spot at base of costa and point subbasally above sub-

costal; small white spots faintly edged with black forming

an irregular antemedial line; a white medial spot on costa, a

fine line below it ; spots in cell and below it; a point on

discocellular ; postmedial line also consisting of white points,

outcurved, inbent opposite cell, and deeply incurved from

veins 4-2, slightly outbent on inner margin; white costal

spots towards apex; faint subterminal spots. Hind wings

fuscous, thinly scaled in cell. Hind wings below whitish ;

costa tinged with yellow and thinly irrorated with brown;

a dark discal point, postmedial line, and subterminal shade.

Female browner, darker, the white points less distinct.

Expanse 16 mm.

Hab. San José.

Rivula nigripuncta, sp. n.

3. Body buff-grey, the abdomen dorsally shaded with

fuscous; anal hairs brownish. Fore wings buff-grey, thinly

irrorated with brown ; termen brown; cilia darker buff-grey,

irrorated with dark brown, forming a central line and faint

oblique lines ; costa finely fuscous grey on basal third, then

more broadly so, interrupted by four small white spots; a

fine fuscous line, almost medial, inbent in cell to small fuscous

orbicular spot; two small black spots on discocellular; an

apical small black spot; marginal white points. Hind

wings whitish, the-veins and termen fuscous; a dark terminal

line ; cilia fuscous tipped with white, entirely white at anal

angle.

Expanse 14 mm.

Hab. Carillo, Sixola.

Rivula latipes, sp. n.

3. Antennz with long finely ciliated pectinations. Palpi

rich dark brown, shaded below with orange-brown. Head,

collar, and thorax brown; patagia irrorated with lilacine

white. Abdomen fuscous above, underneath whitish on

basal half. Hind tibia and tarsi thickly tufted. Fore wings

dark brown ; a small, lilacine, black-edged spot at base of

38 Mr. W. Schaus on

costa and a point beyond it above subcostal; an inbent

bluish-white streak below cell; an irregular antemedial line

of small lilacine spots, larger and whitish on costa; reniform

very large, outlined in lilacine white, disconnected, inwardly

vertical, outwardly angled on vein 7; an outer paler brown

shade, twice outcurved, preceded by bluish points to vein 3,

and by a white point on vein 2, with a white lunule above

and below it; small white spots on costa apically, at apex, and

along termen. Hind wings fuscous, the cilia mottled with

luteous. Fore wings below fuscous grey ; three conspicuous

white costal spots on apical half. Hind wings below greyish

white, the apex dark-shaded ; a fuscous discal spot, post-

medial Jine, and subterminal shade.

Expanse 22 mm.

Hab. Carillo.

PRORIVULA, gen. nov.

Male.—Palpi obliquely ascending ; second joint heavily

fringed below, reaching ahove vertex, third smooth, very short.

Antenne bipectinate. Wings broad, outer margins slightly

rounded. Legs smootlily scaled. Fore wings: veins 3, 4, 5

equally apart from lower angle of cell ; 6 from close to upper

angle; no areole; 7/8, 9 stalked; 10 and 11 stalked. Hind

wings: cell long ;/veins 3 and 4 from lower angle ; 5 from

well above angie 6 and 7 from upper angle.

Type of genus, Prorivula leucosticta, Schaus.

Prorivula leucosticta, sp. n.

9. Palpi dark brown outwardly, inwardly and at base

deep yellow. Head, collar, and thorax brown, the latter

irrorated posteriorly with lilacine. Abdomen fuscous above,

whitish underneath. Fore wings dark brown, thinly irrorated

on base and postmedially with bluish grey; basal and sub-

basal lilacine spots ; a similar fine streak below cell to near

antemedial, which is outcurved, interrupted across cell, where

there is a small inset spot, the line below cell broader, whiter,

not extending below submedian; some lilacine points at

end of cell; postmedial consisting of fine incurved lilacine

lunules ; a fuscous brown subterminal shade, followed by

some minute lilacine clusters of scales; cilia tipped with

dark grey. Hind wings fuscous ; cilia tipped with whitish

rey.

A male, badly broken, has the legs smoothly scaled, the

Hleterocera from Costa Rica. 39

pectinations of antennze shorter than in FR. /atipes, Schs., and

the lilacine and whitish markings are differently placed.

Expanse 18 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Near &. violetta, Schs.

- CARILLADE, gen. nov.

Male.—Palpi porrect, second joint twice the length of

head, smooth, with slight fringe above. Antenne pubescent,

ciliate. Fore legs thickly scaled; base of fore tarsi with

tufts. Fore wings: outer margin obliquely rounded ; vein 3

from before lower angle; 4 and 5 from lower angle ; 6 from

upper angle ; 7 from end of areole, also 8 and 9 on long

stalk ; 10 from areole above ; 11 free. Hind wings: veins3

and 4 very shortly stalked; 5 from close to angle, 6 and 7

very shortly stalked.

Type of genus, Carillade harmonia, Schs.

Carillade harmonia, sp. n.

d. Palpi outwardly dark brown irrorated with buff,

Head, collar, and thorax mottled dark and light brown; a

similar tuft at base of abdomen. Abdomen above fuscous

grey, with paler segmental lines. Fore wings mottled dark

and light brown; costa narrowly black; a subbasal black

line, buff on costa, followed by a small white spot in cell ;

an antemedial, fine, dark brown line, geminate, angled in

cell, single, and edged with whitish buff on costal margin ;

reniform ochreous buff, inwardly edged by a curved black-

brown line ; a buff shade above it on costa crossed by a fine

black line inwardly edged with white, slightly outcurved

beyond cell, edging reniform behind, inbent in cell and

Junular to middle of inner margin, followed below cell by a

broad ochreous-buff shade, thickly irrorated with white along

submedian ; a broad subterminal black shade from costa to

vein 3, expanding towards termen between veins 4 and 3,

and narrow from vein 3 to inner margin, followed by white

shadings from vein 6 to apex ; terminal space from vein + to

tornus yellow-brown ; a terminal thick black line, somewhat

lunular ; cilia fuscous brown mottled with light brown. Hind

wings fuscous brown; a darker terminal line; cilia at base

mottled with light brown. Fore wings below grey-brown,

the costa dark brown; an oblique yellowish shade above

discocellular ; termen yellowish brown; a more distinct

40 Mr. W. Schaus on

whitish-yellow shade at apex. Hind wings below dirty

white irrorated with brown, except on inner margin; a dark

discal spot; postmedial shade outbent on costa, outwardly

dentate above veiu 7 and below 6; subterminal dark shade,

interrupted, chiefly noticeable at apex, between veins 5 and

6, and at anal angle.

Expanse 22 mm.

Hab. Carillo.

EPISTREMA, gen. nov.

Male.—Palpi upcurved, short, reaching just above vertex ;

second joint shortly fringed below, third joint smooth.

Antenne pubescent, without cilia. Fore legs hairy. Abdo-

men with dorsal tuft at base. Fore wings: veins 3, 4, and 5

equally apart; 6 from upper angle; 7, 8, 10 from end of

areole ; 9 stalked with 8; 11 free. Hind wings: veins 3

and 4, also 6 and 7, very shortly stalked; 5 from above

lower angle.

Type of genus, Hpistrema ora, Schs.

Epistrema ora, sp. 0.

3. Palpi, head, collar, thorax, and basal dorsal tuft on

abdomen dark brown; abdomen otherwise brownish grey.

Fore wings dark greyish brown, thinly irrorated with lilacine

white scales; a broad antemedial light brown shade, edged

with fuscous brown and crossed by a fine dark line, slightly

inbent on inner margin; a fuscous line from costa above

discocellular, incurved in cell and below vein 2, followed by

a buff shade, broadest on inner margin, crossed by a diffuse

brownish shade, and enclosing the reniform, which is narrow

and vaguely outlined in dark scales; a subterminal dark

brown shade, not reaching costa and twice incurved, outwardly

paler shaded; terminal dark brown semilunar spots. Hind

wings brownish; terminal spots indistinct ; base of cilia

greyish. Wings below greyish brown, the hind wings faintly

paler, crossed by medial and subterminal darker shades.

Expanse 18 mm.

Hab. Cavrillo.

HHypenodes modesta, sp. n.

@. Head and thorax greyish brown. Abdomen light

brown. Fore wings brown, irrorated with grey on basal

space, beyond discocellular, and broadly beyond postmedial

line ; an elongated dark brown spot filling end of cell; an

per te ee epee eyo us,

Heterocera from Costa Rica. 41

antemedial pale brown line, angled in cell and touching this

spot; postmedial line light brown, vertical, almost straight ;

cilia fuscous, with pale brown mottlings. Hind wings dark

grey, faintly tinged with brown.

Expanse 11 mm.

Hab. Carillo, Sixola.

Hypenodes dubia, sp. n.

?. Head and thorax grey-brown. Abdomen fuscous grey.

Fore wings light brown, the costa shaded with dull grey ; a

dark brown streak above and below cell at base; antemedial

yellowish defined by dark scaling, outangled at middle of

cell, finely wavy and inbent to inner margin; a fuscous

brown shade in cell from antemedial to discocellular, which is

crossed by a white line; postmedial fine, yellowish white,

oblique from costa to below vein 7, then vertical but wavily

incurved ; a fine terminal pale line, preceded by dark

shadings above and below vein 6 and below vein 3; a faint

pale shade from vein 7 to apex; cilia dark brown. Hind

wings pale grey, slightly darker on discocellular.

Expanse 12 mm.

Hab. Sixola.

This species has vein 10 stalked with 8; 9 absent, as in

Hypenodes, but veins 4 and 5 are stalked from lower angle

of cell.

Arrade juba, sp. n.

¢. Palpi, head, collar, and thorax mottled light and dark

brown. Abdomen whitish, irrorated with brown; a black

dorsal tuft at base and brown tuft on second segment. Tore

wings brown tinged with lilacine; a fuscous shade below

cell, interrupted by lines and expanding beyond postmedial ;

a dark shade on inner margin from base to antemedial; a

black basal line, outangled in cell ; antemedial line remote

from base, fine, black, inwardly pale-edged, twice angled on

costal margin, inbent from subcostal to inner margin, followed

in cell by a fuscous shade to discocellular; postmedial line

light brown, becoming whitish below vein 3, finely edged

with black-brown, partly preceded by a pale shade, deeply

outcurved around cell, then incurved to inner margin ; a

subterminal light brown sinuous line, preceded by fuscous

shadings; a thick, interrupted, terminal brown-black line,

finely edged with light brown. Hind wings whitish, the

margins shaded with light brown. Fore wings below fuscous

grey. Hind wings below white ; the costal “margin darkly

42 Mr. W. Schaus on

irrorated ; a spot on discocellular ; interrupted postmedial

and subterminal shades, the latter more heavily marked at

anal angle and vein 5.

Expanse 15 mm.

Hab. Carillo.

Arrade moneses, sp. n.

@. Palpi: second joint outwardly mottled yellow and

purple-brown, third joint yellow. Head and collar white ;

thorax whitish shaded with lilacine. Abdomen white, with

transverse grey shades. Fore wings light reddish brown,

strongly shaded with Jilacine and thinly irrorated with black ;

the basal space lilacine, limited by the fine black antemedial

line which is incurved in cell, inbent from median to inner

margin ; a black basal line not reaching inner margin ; some

black sealing on discocellular ; postmedial line fine, black,

not so well marked as antemedial, inwardly finely edged

with white ; outcurved around cell, then wavily inbent ; a

subterminal indistinct black line from costa, not traceable

below vein 4. Hind wings white, faintly shaded with grey.

Fore wings below mostly dull grey without markings.

Hind wings below with a dark spot on discocellular, an

interrupted postmedial line, and shade at anal angle.

Expanse 17 mm.

Hab. Poas.

Leptoctenista pretiosa, sp. 0.

¢. Palpi dark brown, the third joint above and tip buff.

Thorax fuscous brown. Head, collar, and patagia dark

brown, mottled with buff and light brown. Abdomen above

fuscous, ventrally buff. Fore wings brownish tinged with

lilacine ; some dark irrorations on costa; basal third in

and above cell shaded with buff-white, this shade continuing

as a downbent fascia to postmedial, enclosing below cell an

elongate black-brown shade, slightly paler below submedian ;

orbicular a black point: circled with white ; an oblique dark

shade on costa above it ; reniform a white line, preceded and

followed-by a black-brown shade ; postmedial black, out-

curved, deeply lunular, partly suffusing with a broad dark

shade from apex, narrowing on inner margin; a terminal

coarse, wavy, fuscous line ; cilia buff, slightly mottled with

darker scales. Hind wings fuscous. Wings below pale

buff; large fuscous-brown discal spots ; outer line lunular

dentate, remote from cell on hind wings; termen shaded

with fuscous.—Female. Fore wings fuscous, irrorated with

Heterocera from Costa Rica. 43

dull lilacine-slate colour ; the oblique fascia faintly tinged

with brown ; the black shade at base below cell smaller ;

orbicular and reniform small, black; the postmedial line and

oblique shade suffusing with ground-colour; the termen

narrowly light brown, on which the terminal line is distinct.

Wings below fuscous brown, the spots and outer line very

indistinct.

Expanse, ¢ 31, 2 32 mm.

Hab. La Florida, Sixola.

The female possibly belongs to another species.

ARTILOXIS, gen. nov.

Female.—Palpi porrect, twice the length of head ; second

joint with short fringe below; third joint short, smooth,

slightly upbent. Antenne simple. Fore wings: vein 3

betore lower angle ; 4 and 5 from lower angle, apart ; 6 from

upper angle; areole small; 7, 8, 10 from end of areole,

8 and 9 on long stalk; 11 free. Hind wings: cell short ;

veins 3 and 4 stalked; 5 well above lower angle; 6 and 7

very shortly stalked.

Type of genus, Artilovis vitiosa, Schs.

Artiloxis vitiosa, sp. n.

3. Palpi, head, collar, thorax, and base of abdomen

whitish buff irrorated with dark brown ; abdomen otherwise

grey, more thickly irrorated with brown. Fore wings pale

buff thinly irrorated with brown ; the base and outer third

tinged with yellow-brown; some black scales at base of

costa and cell; some small subbasal spots ; an antemedial

fuscous-brown line, thickest on costa, and not reaching below

submedian foid ; a small fuscous-brown orbicular spot, and

a similar point on discocellular ; postmedial wavy, outcurved

beyond cell, fine, brown, originating from a fuscous spot on

costa above discocellular ; subterminal defined by fuscous

shades preceding it, and others following it to termen except

at apex ; these outer shades mottled with buff-brown from

vein 4 to tornus; a terminal lunular black line ; cilia with

fuscous spots. Hind wings fuscous brown. Fore wings

below fuscous, the costa buff. Hind wings below buff

irrorated with brown ; a dark discal spot, very fine medial

line, and more heavily marked postmedial line; a faint

subterminal shade, and interrupted dark brown terminal

line.

Expanse 24 mm.

Hab. Sixola.

44 Mr. G. Meade-Waldo on

LEPTERIA, gen. nov.

Male.—Antenne ciliated. Palpi porrect, hairy, twice the

length of head, fringed above with longer hairs at base.

Legs smoothly scaled. Fore wings: apex acute, outer

margin oblique; vein 3 near lower angle, 4 from angle,

5 near angle; 6 below upper angle; 7 and 8 from upper

angle; 9 and 10 stalked with 8. Hind wings: veins 3

and 4 stalked; 5 well above angle; 6 and 7 on short

stalk.

Type of genus, Rhyncholita ? viridicosta, Schs. (A. M.N. H.

1912, p. 202).

UPOTHENIA, gen. nov.

Male.—Antennez'pubescent, ciliate. Palpi obliquely ascend-

ing, slender, smoothly scaled, acuminate. Fore wings: apex

acute ; outer margin oblique ; noareole ; veins 7-10 stalked.

Hind wing : veins 3 and 4 from lower angle ; 5 well above

lower angle ; 6 and 7 from upper angle.

Sti Megachyta acutipennis, Schs. (A. M. N. H. 19132, ix.

p. 211).

IIl.—New Species of Diploptera in the Collection of the

British Museum. By Grorrrey MrApDE-Watpo, M.A.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Part LY.

TaeE following paper deals principally with points in the

synonymy of known species, but four species and a variety

are described for the first time.

In the Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) vi. p. 100 (1910),

I stated that no species of Alastor had been recorded

from tropical Africa; but two species have been recently

received from Cape Colony, and are here described, so that

its occurrence further north may be confidently expected.

As before, all measurements of length are from the front

of the head to the apex of the second abdominal segment.

IscHnocaLia, Perkins.

In the Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) vol. v. p. 38 (1910)

this genus was synonymized with Elimus, Sauss., but it has

new Species of Diploptera. 45

since been shown by Dr. R. C. L. Perkins that the mouth-

parts of Ischnocelia are quite distinct from those of Llimus,

a character which was overlooked at the time. The genera

may be separated as follows :—

Ischnoceelia, Elimus.

Both maxillary and labial palpi Maxillary palpi 6-jointed, labial

3-jointed; maxillary palpi very | palpi 4-jointed.

short, hardly as long as joint 2 of

the labial palpi.

The two species described (/. c. pp. 38 & 40) as Elimus

Jerrugineus and EF, robustus are both referable to Ischnocelia,

of which J. wanthochroma, Perk. (Proc. Haiwai. Ent. Soc.

p. 32, 1908), is the type species. Elimus mackayensis,

M.-Waldo, remains in Eiimus.

RHAPHIDOGLOSSA, S. S. Saunders,

Rhaphidoglossa flavo-ornata, Cam.

Rhaphiglossa flavo-ornata, Cam. Trans, S. Afr. Philosoph. Soe. vol. xv.

t. 4, p. 231 (1905). 2.

Rhaphidoglossa punctata, M.- Waldo, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) vol. v.

p. 34 (1910), ¢.

My species, described from the male, is certainly synony-

mous with &. flavo-ornata, Cam., of which species I have

received a pair from Dr. Brauns, of Willowmore. It was

suggested (/. c. p. 35) that R. punetata might be the male of

R. natalensis, Sm., which species is exceedingly closely

related to Lt. flavo-ornata, but may be distinguished from it

by the subtubercular process in the middle of the anterior

margin of the clypeus, which is not present in any specimen

of R. flavo-ornata which has been examined. The yellow

band at the base of the clypeus of R. flavo-ornata is wanting

in Smith’s type.

Dr. H. Brauns has bred this species commonly in South

Africa, and has communicated some interesting facts con-

cerning its life-history. The species excavates its cells in

dry stems with a soft pulp, chiefly Liliacee, and makes

simple partitions, provisioning its larve with small larve of

Lepidoptera. The larvee remain sometimes, when adult, two

or three years motionless without pupating. The imagines

do not leave the stem in the ordinary way, but each one

perforates its cell sideways.

46 ; Mr. G. Meade-Waldo on

IcARIA, Sauss.

In the ‘Genera Insectorum’ (family Vespide) Dalla Torre —

has given names to the sections of Saussure (Stettin. ent.

Zeit. vol. xiii. pp. 133 et seg., 1862). In my paper on the

Hymenoptera collected by the British Ornithologists’ Union’s

Expedition to Dutch New Guinea (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist.

(8) vol. ix. p. 446, 1912) some new species of Icaria were

described to which subgeneric names were applied. It is

necessary for me to designate types for these subgenera, as

they must now be considered. In each case the first species

mentioned by Saussure in his sections has been selected.

Subgenus Jeartastrum, D. T. (Section I., Sauss.). Type:

Icarta opulenta, Smith.

Subgenus Jcarielia, D. T. (Section II., Sauss.). Type:

Icaria flavopicta, Smith.

Subgenus Jcariola, D. T. (Section III., Sauss.). Type:

Icaria gregaria, Sauss.

SYNAGRIS, Latr.

Synagris cornuta, L., var. ugande, var. nov.

3. S. cornute similis, sed differt segmento secundo dorsali fascia

flava ornato.

This fine insect, evidently an East-African variety of

S. cornuta, is rendered most conspicuous by the broad pale

yellow fascia at the base of the second abdominal tergite.

The typical form of 8. cornuta is subject to considerable

variation in colour, some specimens being much more rufous

than others; the East-African variety has the whole meso-

notum black, and the first abdominal segment is rufous at the

extreme base (Saussure’s var. A) or else entirely black.

The horns on the mandibles of the type are well developed.

Length ite aig of second abdominal segment) 28 mm.

23 “8,2 2

UGANDA: ntebbe (Gowdey), 18. viii. 1911 (type), 3;

banks of Nile, near Kakindu, 3400 feet, Aug. 1911, ¢ (man-

dibular horns rudimentary) ; Upper Buddu, W. of Victoria

Nyanza, Sept. 1911, ¢@. British East Arrica: Ilala,

Maramas District, 14 miles east of Mumias, 4500 feet, June

1911, 2 (S.A. Neave). Presented by the Entomological

Research Committee.

The female is similar, differing only in the usual sexual

characters.

new Species of Diploptera. 47

ALASTOR, Lep.

Alastor braunst, sp. n.

2. Niger, rugose profundeque punctatus ; segmentis primo (dorsali)

et secundo (dorsali et laterale ventrali) anguste apicaleque flayo-

fasciatis ; pronoti angulis flavis; alis fuscis. Tegulis maximis,

pedibus anterioribus intermediisque plerumque, ferrugineis.

Segmenti mediani lateribus bituberculatis, postscutello area

mediaque segmenti mediani, nitidis. Abdominis segmento

secundo dorsali V-sulcato parum profundo.

Long. 9 mm.

?. Black; the extreme anterior angles of the pronotum

and narrow apical fasciz on abdominal segments 1 (tergite)

and 2 (tergite and laterally on sternite) pale yellow; tegul

very large, feyruginous; anterior femora, tibize, and tarsi

wholly, and intermediate and posterior femora and tibie

partly, ferruginous. Wings fuscous.

Mandibles with four longitudinal carine, approximating

apically ; clypeus subtriangular, convex, apically truncate ;

pronotum truncate anteriorly, about as broad as head,

widening towards tegule, lateral angles acute; scutellum

separated from disc of mesonotum by a transverse suture and

overhanging postscutellum ; postscutellum shining ; median

segment with surface of its truncation medially shining,

lateral angles produced to form two spines. First abdominal

segment cupuliform ; second segment somewhat constricted

at base, the tergite with a broad, irregular, shallow furrow,

widely V-shaped, the extreme apex of segment flat. Punc-

tured—head, scape, thorax, and abdominal segments 1-3

coarsely and evenly, terminal abdominal segments finely.

The whole covered with a fairly long and dense pale brown

pubescence.

Length 9 mm.

E?,4¢6.¢-

SourH ArricA: Willowmore, Cape Colony (Dr. H.

Brauns), to whom the species is dedicated. Dr. Brauns

informs me that the majority of his specimens of Alastor

were caught when “ bitten fast to a dry stem for night rest.”

Females are rare.

3. Strongly resembles the female, and has the clypeus

black, an unusual feature in the males of this genus, The

suture on the second tergite is more clearly defined in the

males than in the unique female. The amount of ferruginous

on the legs is subject to variation. The antenne terminate

in a hook.

48 Mr. G. Meade- Waldo on

Alastor promontorit, sp. 0. ;

@. Niger; angulis pronoti margine antico, segmentis primo

(dorsali) et secundo fasciis apicalibus angustis, flavis. Man-

dibulis basi, apice clypeali, tegulis, pedibusque plerumque, ferru-

gineis. Alis semihyalinis,

Long. 7 mm.

@. Black; angles of the anterior margin of pronotum

laterally, narrow apical fascize on abdominal segments 1

(tergite) and 2 (tergite and sternite) pale yellow ; clypeus at

apex, mandibles (except the apex), tegule, legs for the most

part ferruginous.

Wings fusco-hyaline. Mandibles long, 3-toothed; clypeus

as broad as long, narrowly produced towards apex, truncate

at apex. Pronotum truncate anteriorly; median segment

subtruneate, lateral angles somewhat bluntly produced, each

armed with a spine. First abdominal segment subpetiolate,

as broad at apex as segment 2 at base; abdominal segment

2 cylindrical. Punctured, head and thorax coarsely, abdomen

more finely.

Length 7 mm.

192,586.

SourH Arrica: Willowmore, Cape Colony (Dr. H.

Brauns).

g. Differs from the female in having the clypeus yellow,

with an apical emargination, and the antennes terminated in

a hook; abdominal segment 1 subpetiolate, half as broad at

apex as segment 2 at base.

PTEROCHILUS, Klug.

Pierochilus waltoni, sp. n.

Niger, ochraceo-aurantiaco variegatus; capite thoraceque rugose

punctatis; clypeo apice truncato; segmento mediano inermi;

tegulis partim, segmentis dorsalibus 1-3 abdominis fasciis,

femoribus apice tibiis tarsisque, ochraceo-aurantiacis. Alis

hyalinis, costa infuscata.

Long. 10 mm.

?. Black; a short line in the sinus of the eyes, a spot

behind the eyes, anterior margin of pronotum laterally, outer

half of tegulz, irregular apical fasciz on abdominal tergites

1-3, that on tergite 2 considerably the broadest, sternite 2

on the sides at apex, femora at extreme apex, tibie, and tarsi

orange-ochraceous.

Wings hyaline, the costal area infuscate.

new Species of Diploptera. 49,

Head as broad as thorax ; mandibles 5-toothed (including

the large apical tooth and the basal tooth, which is very small

and indistinet), furnished with long hairs on the outer side ;

clypeus truncate at apex, as broad as long, narrowly produced

towards apex; hairs on labial palpi orange-ochraceous ;

pronotum truncate anteriorly, widening towards the tegule ;

disc of mesonotum with four carinz terminating at its pos-

terior margin; scutellum, postscutellum, and median segment

rounded, unarmed.

First abdominal segment narrower than second, with a

shallow longitudinal sulcus at apex. Head and _ thorax

covered with deep, reticulate punctures ; abdomen subniti-

dulous, with a few minute punctures; head, thorax, and

abdominal segment 1 basally covered with an irregular griseous

pubescence, thickest on the vertex and truncation of median

segment.

Length 10 mm.

g. Differs only in the usual sexual characters ; the yellow

clypeus is shallowly emarginate at apex.

TiseT: Gyangtse, 13,000 feet. Collected by H. J. Walton

on the Tibet Expedition, 1903-4.

10 22,236.

‘This striking form differs from the other species of Ptero-

chilus from Western and Central Asia in the form of the

clypeus, which is truncate at the apex. P. aberrans, P. atro-

hirtus, and P. fuscohirtus all have the lateral angles acute

(according to the descriptions) at the apex of the clypeus,

while P. ecklont and P. dalla-torrei have the clypeus apically

emarginate. In P. crabroniformis the median segment is

laterally armed with tubercles.

Prterochilus tibetanus, sp. n.

Niger; duobus maculis postocularibus, pronoto antice, postscutello,

segmentis dorsalibus 1—5 fasciis apicalibus, pallide flavis. Palpis

labialibus ferrugineis. Segmento mediano inermi, Alis semi-

hyalinis, costa infuscata.

Long. 103 mm.

9. Black; a small spot behind the eyes, the anterior

margin of pronotum, postscutellum, narrow apical fascie on

tergites 1-5, and sternite 2 on the side at apex lacteous white.

Labial palpi and hairs ferruginous. Wings subhyaline,

the costal area infuscate.

Head as broad as thorax, mandibles with the teeth blunt;

clypeus apically truncate, as broad as long, narrowly pro-

duced towards apex; postscutellum and median segment

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xi. +

50 Mr. G. Meade-Waldo on

truncate, surface of truncation of median segment laterally

rounded.

Abdomen shining, first segment considerably narrower

than second. Punctured, head and thorax coarsely, except

postscutellum ; postscutellam and abdomen minutely pune-

tured. Covered with an irregular, long, pale pile, thickest on

vertex and median segment.

Length 103 mm.

Trpet: Phari (15,000 feet) to Gyangtse (13,000 feet) ;

June 1904 (H. J. Walton).

62e.d ds.

g. Differs from the female in having the following parts

pale yellow: clypeus, scape beneath, lower part of the sinus

of eye, mandibles along the outer edge, all the tibize on the

outer side, and a spot on the anterior femora on outer side at

apex. Last four joints of antenne testaceous ; last joint of

tarsi and claws ferrugineous.

The seventh tergite is emarginate at apex.

Notes on the Vespide of the Sjéstedt Kilimanjaro-Meru

Expedition.

Through the courtesy of Dr. Sjéstedt it has been possible

to examine the collection of Vespidee made during his

Kilimanjaro-Meru Expedition (1905-1906).

This collection was worked out by P. Cameron, and the

results published in Sjéstedt’s ‘ Zoologische Kilimandjaro-

Meru Expedition,’ Bd. i, Abt. 8, pp. 169-196 (1910).

As is unfortunately often the case with this author, the work

done is to be deplored, since it is only too evident that every

insect not recognized at the first glance has been described

as new,

The Vespide are a widely spread and abundant family,

and after every allowance has been made for the excellence of

the localities visited, it is surely surprising to be told that of

forty-two spectes collected by the Expedition no less than thirty-

jive are new to science /

Under the circumstances it is hardly surprising that a

considerable amount of synonymy has been created.

EuMeENIDINa.

Lasus, Sauss.

Labus annulipes, Cam. l, c. p. 182 (1910).

Labus fragilis, M.-Waldo, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) viii.

p. 452 (1911).

new Species of Diploptera. 51

Labus maculicollis, Cam. 0. c. p. 181 (1910).

Labus adelphus, M.-Waldo, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) viii.

p. 452 (1911).

Labus crassinoda, Cam.

Eumenes crassinoda, Cam. l. c. p. 181 (1910), certainly be-

longs to this genus.

Eumenss, F.

(Zumenes erythrospila, Cam. l. c. p. 178) = Eumenes macillosa,

de Geer (1773).

(Eumenes meruensis, Cam. 1. c. p. 176) = Eumenes lepeletiert,

Sauss. (1852).

The tubercles are present on the petiole of Cameron’s

type, notwithstanding his assertions to the contrary ; colour

distinctions are valueless in this variable species.

(Zumenes variventris, Cam. /. c. p. 180) = Eumenes fenestralis,

Sauss. (1852) (type in British Museum).

RHYNCHIUM, Spin.

(Rhynchium thomsoni, Cam. /. c. p. 183) = Rhynchium grayt,

Smith, var. with rufous markings.

The two insects agree perfectly in size and structure, and

both have the clypeus apically carinate.

(Rhynchium usambaraense, Cam. 1. c. p. 183, 9? )= ? R. gray?,

subsp. neavei, M.-Waldo, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8)

vill. p. 456 (1911), ¢.

Cameron’s species is certainly no more than a subspecies

of R. gray, and is almost certainly the female of the subsp.

neavet, mihi, from Nyasaland. In colour the two insects

entirely agree, and neavei has the apex of the clypeus without

carine, as in R. usambarvense. ‘Vhe insect described by

Cameron as the male of R. usambaraense is possibly that of

R. thomsoni, in which the apical part of the clypeus is some-

what carinate.

52 Mr. G. Meade-Waldo on

OpyNERUS, Latr.

(Odynerus pulchripilosellus, Cam. 1. c. p. 186) = Odynerus

4-tuberculatus, Sm. (1857).

Tt is difficult to understand why Cameron has made such

confusion in dealing with the genera and subgenera under

Odynerus. Ancistrocerus, Wesm., is given both generic and

subgeneric rank in two consecutive species, and the same is

true of Wortonia, which is also placed as a subgenus of

Odynerus and Ancistrocerus !

The species of Odynerus described as new in the results

of the Kilimanjaro-Meru Expedition may be separated by

means of the following key :—

1. First abdominal segment with 1 or 2 trans-

verse carine. (Sube. Ancistrocerus.) .. 2.

First abdominal segment simple. (Subg.

TAONOTIED) tec w rah tee kee Re ER EES eae Eh

2. Abdominal segment 1 with 2 transverse

Carine. 14,4 AVM; oct sec eine ERE EEE massaicus, 2.

Abdominal segment 1 with 1 transverse

Caria eo 2e rhe cee eS ee ae A ps Rah ies 3.

3. Larger insects, 10-12 mm. .............. 4,

Smaller ansecte; 8mnm.. 232 fo ccanchas oe: 5.

4, Clypeus black and yellow; legs mostly

black; whole insect covered with long

dark hair; tegulse black.............. striativentris, 3.

Clypeus black; tibie and tarsi red; abdo-

men sparsely clothed with hair; tegule

ROTTH PAM £ oy piaiciio Fetes poey eho oe lineaticollis, 2.

5. Pronotum ferruginous; postscutellum black. maculiscapus, ¢.

Pronotum black, anterior margin yellow ;

postscutellum yellow ..........e0000- kibonotensis, 2.

6. Larger insects, 13-16 mm............... ;

Smaller insects, 10 mm. and Jess ........ 9.

7. Totally black, wings smoky ............ cnemophilus, 2.

Otherwise coloured \F.F 2.6: 55 <¢emek chee 8.

hyaline at base, fusco-violaceous apically. meyeri, 9.

for most part with yellow apical fascie ;

tergites ] and 2 with lateral, oval, yellow

spots; abd. segment 2 ferruginous.

Wings fulvo-hyaline, radial cell fuscous. stiraspis, ¢.

9. Postscutellum armed laterally with tu-

DEICIEN Pepa 9S a cb ihe dacs ace Get 10.

Postscutellum unarmed -...........%... ibe

10.- Black, - with yellow -markings;- scutellum -

with two yellow marks .............. armatiscutis, 2.

Ferruginous, with yellow markings; scu-

dollumaerrugineas: Pere. ees ss oes cs we pulchripilosellus, 9

(=4-tuberculatus, Sm.).

new Species of Diploptera. 53

11. Abdominal segment 1 subpetiolate at apex,

considerably narrower than second seg~-

WAN sea du cee dts stese ced ds wsss anes 12.

Abdominal segment 1 not subpetiolate, as

broad apically as second segment...... 13.

12. Black; anterior margin of pronotum and

tegule ferruginous; postscutellum and

apical fasciz on abdominal segments |

aud 2 yellow; wings smoky .......... rufo-4-pustulatus, 2.

Black ; pronotum, scutellum, postscutelium,

teyulz, and apical fasciz on abdominal

segments ferruginous; wings hyaline,

slightly fuscous in radial cell.......... curvirufolineatus, 3.

18. Colours black and yellow; 7-8 mm..... Ebb © |

Colours ferruginous and yellow; 10 mm... 16.

14, Clypeus and Hagellum with some ferru-

SMI RAOTRALON 9 oW ng ct enc enidae a 15.

Clypeus yellow at base, black apically ;

Megellume black. 14349464 bet ods 2 die . kilimandjaroensis, 2.

15. Clypeus yellow and ferruginous; terminal

joints of flagellum ferruginous beneath ;

scutellum and postscutellum with small

lateral yellow spots..........00.eee0: sjostedti, 2.

Clypeus yellow; otherwise resembling

sjdstedti, except in secondary sexual

RMU FoR 1S ag £8 a aon dine Ge A a yngvei,

(2 sjdstedti, 3).

16. Posterior margin of prothorax and post-

seutellum yellows)... .ivecleeds ese’ meruensis, 3

(? rotundiscutis, 3 ).

Prothorax and postscutellum entirely ferru-

PMO ho Siig dain ep ha's Kalas teed gather . rotundiscutis, 2.

VesPInz.

IcaRtia, Sauss.

(Icaria africana, Cam. l. c. p. 170, and ILearta cariniscutis,

tam. l.¢. p. 171) are both Learia distigma, Gerst. (1857).

In a short key to the three species of Jcaria collected by

the Expedition, Cameron gives points of difference in the

shape of the petiole; but there is no such difference in

reality. He was evidently misled by the fact that the

abdomens of his two types hang at different angles from

the median segment.

I, africana is a variety with the stigma black.

BELONOGASTER, Sauss.

(Belonogaster erythrospilus, Cam. l.c. p. 172) = B. griseus, F.

(1775).

54 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell— Descriptions and

(Belonogaster massatcus, Cam. 1. c. p. 171)=B. dubius, Kohl

(1894), var. with ferruginous clypeus. Only inner

margin of eyes yellow.

(Belonogaster 6-maeulatus, Cam., 3,1. c. p. 174) =B. facialis,

Buyss., ¢ (1908).

Cameron’s type, a unique male, is in very poor condition.

PARAMISCHOCYTTARUS, Magretti.

Paramischocyttarus africanus.

Tanyzethus africanus, Cam. l. c. p. 195, described as the

type of a new genus, is certainly this genus. Cameron

places his genus in the Eumenidine, or solitary wasps, but

there is no justification for transferring Paramisehocyttarus

to this subfamily until our knowledge of the genus is con-

siderably greater as regards nesting-habits &e.

Paramischocyttarus forms, together with Ischnogaster, as

pointed out by Colonel Bingham (Fauna Brit. India, Hymen.

vol. 1. p. 375), a link between the social and solitary Vespidee

as regards structural characters. Dr. P. Magretti has been

kind enough to examine his type of the genus and confirms

my observation that the intermediate tibie are armed with two

calcaria and the tarsal claws dentate. We know from the

nest-habits of Ischnogaster that it is social in habits; so there

is every reason to expect Paramischocytiarus has a similar

life-history.

ISCHNOGASTEROIDES, Magretti.

On structural characters this genus should be placed in the

solitary wasps or Eumenidine, since Dr. P. Magretti informs

me that there is only one calear on the intermediate tibia

and the tarsal claws are dentate. The clypeus is strongly

Eumenid in appearance according to the figure. Unfortu-

nately nothing is known of the nesting-habits.

I1I.—Descriptions and Records of Bees —XLVIII.

By T. D. A. Cockers 1, University of Colorado.

Augochlora (Augochloropsis) charapina, sp. n.

9 .—Head and thorax green ; abdomen shining crimson.

Exactly like the Mexican A. subignita, Ckll., except as

Records of Bees. 55

follows :—Smaller (anterior wing 6 mm. long) ; mesothorax,

although dull and excessively deusely minutely punctured at

sides, smooth and shining (tinged with golden) in middle,

with the punctures well separated; wings distinctly darker

and redder, the first r.n. meeting second t.-c. a little on inner

side ; inner orbits and upper margin of clypeus edged with

blue; the strong ridges of metathoracic area longer ; first

abdominal segment green at base, and with a slight greenish

shade across the middle. Also allied to the Brazilian

A. wallacei, Ckl\l., but separated by the densely punctured

scutelium. ‘The sculpture of the second abdominal segment

is intermediate between that of swbignita and wallacei.

In Vachal’s table this runs to the vicinity of niéidicollis,

mulliplez, sympleres, and radians. From A. nitidicollis

(Halictus nitidicollis, Vachal), also from Peru, it differs by

the closely punctured scutellum and sides of mesothorax ;

from the others by the smooth relatively sparsely punctured

middle of mesothorax. From dA. multipler it is known by

the area of metathorax, which has about as many striz as

that of subignita. The margin of the area of metathorax is

thick, shining, but very finely granular. The lateral corners

of prothorax form angles greater than right angles. The

dark fuscous hair of the thorax above, front and vertex, as

well as the outer side of the hind tibiz, separates it from

some species. ‘The tibize are brilliant green.

Hab. Rio Charape, Peru, 5000 feet, Sept. 12-16 (C. H. T.

Townsend).

Augochlora (Augochloropsis) notophops, sp. n.

3 .—Length about 7 mm., anterior wing 6.

Brilliant shining green, including the legs, except the tarsi,

which are piceous; head in frout and above and thorax above

with coarse black hair; face on each side of clypeus, cheeks,

pleura, and sides of metathorax with inconspicuous pale

ochreous-tinted hair; mandibles (except obscurely reddish

apical part), labrum, and lower margin of clypeus black ;

antenne black, not very long; head broader than long, eyes

very deeply emarginate ; clypeus prominent, shining, golden-

tinted, with strong distinctly separated punetures ; front

very densely rugoso-punctate ; corners of prothorax with

acute prominent angles ; mesothorax densely rugoso-punctate

at sides and in front, in certain lights with the appearance

of a longitudinal black shade on each side ; a@ square space in

middle of mesothorax shining, with sparse strong punctures,

and dark purple, contrasting with the surrounding green;

56 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Desertptions and

scutellum densely punctured, but with a smooth spot on

each side near the middle ; area of metathorax with strong

plicee, formed as in A. charapina, but upper corners of

truncation rounded (distinctly angulate in eharapina) ; tegule

green and rugulose, with a very large, smooth, purplish-

piceous spot (essentially the same in charapina). Wings

dusky, reddish; second s.m. very narrow (not so in chara-

pina) ; first r. n. joining second t.-c. Tarsi with conspicuous

ochreous hair. Abdomen smooth and brilliantly shining,

with some golden tints, the punctures of the first two

segments very distinct, alike, not at all dense; discs of

segments with black hair; vibrisse well developed, pale

orange ; second and third ventral segments brilliant greenish

golden; second ventral segment with the hyaline margin

very obtusely angled in middle; third with a larger median

process, which is broadly truncate; fourth apparently very

deeply emarginate, but the emargination filled by a hyaline

plate, the margin on each side of this fringed with orange-

ferruginous hair; fifth sharply keeled in the middle.

Hab. Rio Charape, Peru, 5000 feet, Sept. 12-16 (C. H. T-

Townsend).

Closely related to A. charapina, but aside from the entirely

different colour of the abdomen there are several structural

differences which do not seem to be due tosex. In Vachal’s

table (Misc. Entom.) it runs to A. notophos (Vach.), differing

apparently by the structure of the abdomen. I have seen

only the female of notophos ; it has a reddish abdomen and

appears to be distinct from the present insect.

Augochlora nigromarginata (Spinola).

Rio Charapa, Peru, 5000 feet, Sept. 12-16 (C. H. T.

Townsend).

Augochlora (Augochloropsis) anquisita, sp. a.

? .—Length about 8} mm., anterior wing 5}.

Bright blue-green, the mesothorax with two longitudinal

purple stripes; first abdominal segment largely purplish in

middle, second segment with a median transverse purple

patch ; mandibles (except a little green at extreme base) and

a large semicircular patch on lower part of clypeus black ;

clypeus prominent, well punctured ; when the face is seenin

profile the supraclypeal area is prominent, forming an obtuse

angle; eyes very deeply emarginate ; front and sides of

mesothorax excessively densely and minutely punctured ;

disc of mesothorax shining, with sparse small punctures ;

Records of Bees. 57

scutellum closely and minutely punctured; area of meta-

thorax with fine but distinct, but short, raised ridges, the

bounding margin shining ; apical truncation of metathorax

with obscure sparse punctures; anterior lateral angles of

prothorax distinct, moderately prominent, lateral (tubercular)

angles greater than right angles; antenne black; tegule

green, with a large piceous spot. Wings greyish hyaline,

not reddish ; stigma and nervures dull, rather pale yellowish

brown ; second s.m. higher than broad ; first r.n. entering

third s.m. Legs green, the tarsi piceous, the hind basitarsi

with a little green. Head and thorax above with black hair,

cheeks and pleura with pale hair; hair of legs mostly pale,

orange-tinted on inner side of tarsi; hind spur with about

four very long spines. Abdomen shining, little punctured,

but first segment well punctured at sides ; marginal fringe

of first segment excessively short, white, the hairs micro-

scopically plumose; fringe of second segment the usual

orange vibrisse, not very conspicuous; third and fourth

segments with a fine white pruinosity and scattered black

hairs; apex black; venter partly yellowish green. ‘he

posterior lateral scutellar punctures become confluent,

forming iittle ridzes.

Hab. Rio Charape, Peru, 5000 feet, Sept. 12-16 (C. H. T.

Townsend).

Looks at first sight like a species of Pseudaugochloropsis.

It is related to A. electra, Sm. (artemisia, Sm.), but Smith’s

species is larger and golden-green, with the face broader

below. By the angular profile of the face it resembles

A. terrestris (Halictus terrestris, Vachal), but the tegule are

not entirely or almost entirely green and the vibrissz do not

agree well.

Augochlora aurifera, Cockerell.

Quirigua, Guatemala, Feb. 18, at yellow flowers of a small

species of Composit (W. P. Cockerell) ; Antigua, Guatemala

(W. P. Cockerell), The Quirigua form has clearer wings

than the type.

Augochlora chorisis (Vachal).

Quirigua, Guatemala 1(W. P. Cockerell/). At flowers of

Ipomea sidefolia.

Augochlora binghami, Cockerell.

Quirigua, Guatemala (W. P. Cockerell). Variety with

rich purple tints.

58 Mr, T. D. A. Cockerell—Descriptions and

Augochlora nigrocyanea, Cockerell.

Quirigua, Guatemala, 21 9 (W. P. Cockerell). Six

(Feb. 12) at Ipomea sidefolia ; two (Feb. 20) at Ipomea

quinguefolia; two at Zeamenia virgulta. A male was taken

at Ipomea sidefolia, Feb. 10. It has the head and thorax

more green than blue, the colour brilliant ; clypeus strongly

produced, its apical margin, the labrum, and mandibles

testaceous; flagellum ferruginous beneath ; wings reddish.

The mesothoracie punctures are considerably larger than in

the female, but extremely dense.

Augochlora seminigra, Cockerell.

Quirigua, Guatemala, 16 ¢,19 9 (W. P. Cockereil).

The females mostly show more green on the abdomen than

the type. The male is new; it is like the female except for

the usual sexual characters; the lower edge of clypeus is

broadly cream-colour. Thirteen females were resting on a

branch of Solanum. Two males and four females were at

flowers of Zeamenia virguita ; two females were at flowers of

Pontederia cordata, February 11.

Augochlora urania, Smith, var. a.

?.—Middle of mandibles broadly ferruginous; wings

dusky, rather greyish than reddish.

Gualan, Guatemala, Feb. 22, 1 9 (W. P. Cockerell) ;

Quirigua, Guatemala, 7 9 (W. P. Cockerell). Of the

Quirigua specimens two are from yellow flowers of a species

of Composite ; three (Feb. 20) are from [pomea quinquefolia

flowers; ove (Feb. 20) is from Ipomea sidefolia.

A. urania was described from Brazil, and there is reason

to suspect that actual comparison with Smith’s type might

show the Guatemalan species to be distinct. ‘There is,

however, practical agreement with Smith’s description, and if

our bee is not a local variety of urania, it is at least very

closely allied. At first sight A. wrania, var.a, may easily be

confused with A. seminigra, also common at Quirigua. On

closer inspection it is readily separated by its broader form

and coarsely granular mesothorax. It is, in fact, nearer to

A. aztecula, Ckil., which it very greatly resembles ; but

aztecula has the abdomen entirely green and the anterior

tibize clear ferruginous with a dark patch behind.

The type of A. urania is in the W. W. Saunders collection,

presumably at Oxford, so I did not see it when examining

Smith’s species at the British Museum,

Records of Bees. 59

Augochlora quiriguensis, sp. n.

9? .—Agreeing with A. nigrocyanea, Ckll., except in being

smaller (variable in size, the smallest hardly over 7 mm.

Jong); head much narrower; head and thorax rich metallic

Prussian green, the mesothorax with a more or less evident

blackish shade in the middle. Wings dusky grey, without

the reddish tint seen in nigrocyanea.

6 .—Like that of A. nigrocyanea, but smaller; wings

clearer and not reddish ; disc of mesothorax not so densely

punctured,

Hab. Quirigua, Guatemala, 9 2,2 g (W. P. Cockerell).

Four females and one male at flowers of [pomea sidefolia,

Feb. 10-12.

Augochlora quiriguensis sidefolia, var. n.

9? .—Head and thorax black or blue-black, with green on

the inner orbits ; prothorax, lateral and posterior margins of

metathorax, postscutellum and metathorax, or the meta-

thorax largely black.

d .—Head and thorax bright blue ; punctures on dise of

mesothorax distinctly separated ; wings pale greyish, not

reddish.

Hab. Quirigua, Guatemala, 4 9,1 ¢ (W. P. Cockerell).

Two females are from flowers of Ipomwa sidafulia, Feb. 12.

The male, which is possibly not correctly assigned to this

variety, is from flowers of plant no. 7.

I confess to being puzzled by A. quiriguensis. It seems

too different from A nigrocyanea to be a dimorphic form or

variety ; yet the males, if 1 have associated them correctly,

agree closely in structure, the only conspicuous difference

being i in the e, idently spaced punctures of the mesothorax of

quiriguensis. Then, again, sidefulie looks at first very

different from qguiriguensis, but it is certainly no more than

a variety.

A study of these insects in the field is necessary to deter-

mine their exact status. A. quiriguensis is very much like

the Brazilian A. francisca, Schottky, but it isa more slender

insect, and the tarsi resemble the tibiz in colour (in-francisca

dull ferruginous, with their pubescence of the cae colour).

Halictus (Evyleus) hewetti, sp. n.

9? .—Length about 7 mm., anterior wing 43.

Black, the pale pubescence faintly tinged with ochreous ;

60 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Descriptions and

tegule rather large, piceous, finely punctured all over; hind

spurs with numerous oblique fine teeth, rather too long to

cali the spur serrate. Head broader than long; clypeus

short; face and front quite hairy ; cheeks unarmed; an-

tenn entirely black; mesothorax and scutellum moderately

shining, very finely and quite closely punctured ; scutellum

depressed in middle; area of metathorax a broad band,

angulate in middle, its whole surface dull black, rugulose,

with strong irregular ridges; apical truncation of metathorax

heart-shaped, sharply margined. Legs black. Abdomen

shining, with very minute piliferous punctures, the whole

surface finely pilose, the pile shining pale greyish in certain

lights ; lateral bases of second and third segments, and fourth

slightly, with pale triangular hair-patches ; discs of apical

segments laterally with fuscous hair.

Hab. Quirigua, Guatemala, 2 2 (W. P. Cockerell).

The type carries much pale yellow pollen, of large grains,

on the hind legs. Superticially very hke H. pseudopectoralis,

Ckll., from Mexico, but easily separated by the dull opaque

area of metathorax. There is no close resemblance to any

of the Mexican species described by Vachal and Smith. In

Crawford’s table of North-American species (1907) it runs

to H. glabriventris, Crawf., from Oregon, but differs by the

structure of the metathorax.

The species is dedicated to Dr. E. L. Hewett, under whose

directions the ancient ruins at Quirigua were being excavated

at the time when the bees were caught.

Halictus townsendi, Cockerell.

The male, hitherto unknown, was taken by Mrs. Cockerell

at Antigua, Guatemala.

It is like the male of H. urmaticeps, but rather large (ante-

rior wing 7 mm.), with the middle and hind tibiz black

except at base and apex. Owing to the colour of the tibie,

this runs in my table in Proc. Philad. Acad. 1898, p. 51, to

H. pacificus, but the structure of the metathorax is as in

armaticeps.

Halictus adustipennis, sp. 0.

g .—Length a little over 8 mm., anterior wing 7.

Black, including the antennze and legs, except that the

tarsi are obscure reddish; tegule shining black, well

punctured all over, but so minutely that a compound

microscope is needed to bring out the character well ; wings .

orange-tinted, becoming a strong orange-fuscous in the

Records of Bees. 61

marginal cell, and with a diffused fuscous cloud in the

apical region, beyond the marginal cell. Head broad ;

elypeus not produced, its upper part closely and finely

punctured, the lower part (with an angular projection above

in middle) dull cream-colour, depressed, shining, with only

a few scattered punctures ; mandibles normal, dark reddish

subapically ; antennze long ; sides of face with conspicuous

pale hair, contrasting with the bare clypeus; front and

vertex dull and minutely granular; hair of head and thorax

above short, rather dull white; mesothorax dull and

granular (extremely densely punctured); scutellum more

shining, but finely and densely punctured ; upper border

of prothorax at sides, tubercles, and base of postscutellum

covered with dense, pale, felt-like hair; area of metathorax

poorly defined, shining but closely striatulate ; posterior

truncation with sharp lateral margins failing above; wing-

veins all distinct, third sm. not elongate. Abdomen du!l

and minutely granular (extremely densely and minutely

punctate as seen under compound microscope), the bases of

second and third segments broadly, and most of fourth,

shining ; no hair-bands, but base of third segment at sides

(second also slightly), and whole of fourth (partly abraded

in type) and following segments, covered with fine, ochreous,

felt-like hair ; apical part of venter reddish.

Hab. Amatitlan, Guatemala, Feb. 1912 (W.P. Cockerell).

A well-marked species, running in Crawford’s table of

North-American species nearest to H. trizonatus, Cresson,

but with the abdomen and wings differently marked and the

tegule punctured.

Sphecodes patruelis, sp. n.

Sphecodes minor, Cockerell, Canad. Entom., Ang. 1904, p. 231

(Olympia, Washington State),

? .—Length 7 mm. or a little more.

Abdomen entirely red; tarsi, and anterior tibiz in front,

dark ferruginous ; flagellum broadly chestnut-red beneath.

When this was recorded as minor, it was remarked that

actual comparison of specimens might prove it different

from Roberison’s species. I now have the genuine S. minor,

Rob., collected by Miss Eleth Cattell at Wood’s Hole,

Mass., and it is distinct from the north-western insect,

although undoubtedly closely allied. S. patruelis is really

more like the south-western S. sophie, Ckll., from which

the female differs by the very dusky, reddish wings, and the

less hairy face and front. Specimens from intermediate

62 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Desertptions and

localities may show that patruelis is a subspecies of sophie.

The male of S. patruelis is described at the place cited

above; it may be useful to add that there are five hooks on

the hind wing. F

Sphecodes hyalinatus, Schenk.

One male ; Wangen, Baden, Aug. 5 (Cockerell). Hind

wing with six hooks.

Sphecodes trentonensis, sp. n.

9 .—Length about 55 mm., expanse 93.

Head and thorax black; abdomen shining rather light

ferruginous red, the fourth segment except at base, and the

fifth, suffusedly blackish; flagellum obscure reddish be-

neath ; mandibles red, bidentate ; face thinly clothed with

white hair; clypeus sparsely but distinctly punctured ;

front very densely punctate, but shining; mesothorax

shining, sparsely punctured, a slight median sulcus; area of

metathorax shining, coarsely and strongly reticulated ;

tegule rufo-testaceous. Wings dilute brownish, stigma and

nervures rufo-fuscous ; second s.m. narrow, receiving first

r. n. at beginning of last third; five .costal hooks on hind

wing ; tibiz and tarsi obscure reddish. Abdomen smooth

and shining, with hardly any hair except at apex; first

segment apparently impunctate, but the compound micro-

scope shows extremely minute very widely scattered punc-

tures ; second segment at base with very few punctures,

these extrewely minute.

Hab. Trenton Falls, N.Y. (&. Fosler). From F. Smith’s

collection; British Museum.

In Robertson’s tables (Entom. News, April 1903) this

runs nearest to S. cressonii (Rob.), but the mesothorax is

much less densely punctured than in a specimen of that

species received from Robertson. The same character

separates it from S. mandibularis, Cresson, which has been

considered identical with cressonii. I have what I consider

to be true mandibularis from Lincoln, Nebraska, April

(L. Bruner); it differs a little in the metathorax from

cressonii and is possibly separable. Both cressonii and

mandibularis have the abdomen more hairy than in trenton-

ensis. From S. heterus, Lovell, trentonensis is separated by

the brownish wings and other characters ; from S. fragarie,

Ckll., by the red mandibles, lighter tegule, and colora-

tion of abdomen; from S. eustictus, Ckll., by the smooth

Records of Bees. 63

abdomen ; from S. nilidissimus, Ckll., by the sculpture of the

metathorax.

Sphecodes mann, sp. n.

? .—Length about 7 mm.

Not very robust ; head, thorax, antennz, and legs black,

the tarsi obscure reddish at extreme apex ; abdomen shining,

rather dark chestnut-red, the apical margin of the fourth

segment, and most of the fifth, black or nearly so, but the

black not sharply defined ; head and thorax conspicuously

hoary with short white hair; head broad ; mandibles simple,

but with a slight inner angle, black, with the apical part

dark rufous ; labrum moderately elongated, shorter than in

S. falcifer, not emarginate at apex; the basal process of

labrum broad and low, coarsely pitted, its margin with

extremely short yellowish hairs; clypeus well punctured ;

front extremely minutely and densely punctured ; mesothorax

minutely and very densely punctured, but shining between

the punctures; area of metathorax rather small, with

irregular confused wrinkles ; tegulz pale testaceous. Wings

pale greyish, stigma aud nervures dark brown ; second s.m.

very broad. Abdomen, except the hind margins of the

segments, conspicuously and quite closely though finely

punctured ; end of abdomen with white hair; middle of

- first segment almost free from punctures.

Hab. Wawawai, Washington State, Sept. 6, 1908, 3 9

(W. M. Mann).

The finely punctured abdomen gives the species a rather

peculiar appearance. Among the described species of the

north-west it may be compared with S. olympicus and

S. columbia, which are much larger and very different ; or

with S. washingtoni, which has the sculpture of mesothorax

entirely different. In the table of Maine species it runs to

the vicinity of S. prosphorus, which has dentate mandibles

and a quite different metathorax. In the New Mexico

table it falls near S. fortior, Ckll., which is no doubt its

nearest relative ; but fortior is larger, with the mesothorax

more coarsely and less closely punctured.

In Robertson’s Illinois table, owing to the characters of

labrum and mandibles, the species will not run anywhere,

though of Robertson’s segregates it falls best in the genus

Drepanium. 'The combination of mandibular and labral

characters given for Drepanium does not hold in a series of

species; some have simple mandibles and short labrum,

while the female of S. davisii, Rob., has bidentate mandibles

and a long labrum,

64 Descriptions and Records of Bees.

Sphecodes eustictus, Cockerell. 5

The known range is greatly extended by a female from

Pullman, Washington State, Sept. 13, 1908 (W. M.

Mann).

Sphecodes rohweri, Cockerell, var. a.

9 .—Abdomen chestnut-red, with the apex suffusedly

blackish ; wings greyish.

Hab. Santa Fé, New Mexico, Aug. 1, 1902, 2 9

(Cockerell).

S. rohweri is known only by a single female, which agrees

in structure with the Santa Fé insect, but not altogether in

colour. It is possible that a valid subspecies is indicated,

but more material is required. The simple mandibles

separate this from S. eustictus, &e.

Andrena vestali, sp. n.

¢ .—Length about 1] mm., anterior wing 8.

Rather robust for a male; black, with abundant lively

fox-red hair; clypeus cream-colour, with two cuneiform

marks and the narrow lower margin black; head broad ;

cheeks rounded, simple; process of labrum very broadly .

truncate, not emarginate; malar space extremely short;

sides of face shining, front dull and granular; antenne

black, third joint a little longer than the next two combined ;

sides of vertex depressed ; mesothorax closely and distinctly

punctured, the spaces between the punctures moderately

shining ; area of metathorax dull and granular, not margined ;

tegule piceous. Apical part of wings suffusedly dusky ;

nervures and stigma dark reddish, stigma rather small ;

second s.m. receiving first r. n. a little beyond beginning of

last third; the long third s.m. greatly narrowed above, so

that on marginal it is less, or vo greater, than lower side of

second s.m. beyond insertion of r. n. Abdomen shining,

rather roughened with fine piliferous punctures, the second

segment depressed hardly a third; the red hair of abdomen

forms a thin covering all over, and is dense at apex, but

does not form bands; the ventral segments have evident

marginal hair-bands. The joints of the labial palpi measure

as follows in w: (1) 288, (2) 176, (3) 160, (4) 208.

Hab. Five miles east of Boulder, Colorado, on Mesa, at

flowers of Viola nuttalli, May 8, 1912 (A. G. Vestal).

Superficially resembles A. leptanthi, from which it is quite

distinct. In Bruner’s table of Andrena it runs to A. kin-

caidii, which has a much broader head, broader clypeus, and

On the Structure of the Therocephalian Skull. 65

coarsely sculptured metathorax. In Viereck’s table in

Entom. News, July 1907, it runs to A. helianthi, which is

not closely allied. In my table in Entom. News, Nov. 1899,

it runs nearest to d. rudbeckiea, but is quite distinct from

that. I was left in doubt whether it could be Robertson’s

LIomelissa viole, the male of which was described as without

yellow face-marks, but later mentioned as possessing them.

Mr. Charles Robertson kindly informs me that “ of seven

specimens of Jomelissa viole 8, three have no face-marks;

two have a yellow dot on each lower lateral angle of the

face ; one has a dot on one side, none on the other; and

one has a dot on apex of the clypeus.” ‘his is not at all

like A. vestali. Jomelissa also has different labial palpi.

IV.— On some Features of the Structure of the

Therocephalian Skull. By D. M.S. Watson, M.Sc.

AmonGstT the specimens of South African fossil reptiles sent

to England by Andrew Geddes Bain in 1847 or 1851 is the

back of a small Therocephalian skull, now no. 47098 in the

British Museum (Natural Ilistory), The locality and

horizon of this specimen are unknown, but it no doubt comes

from the Hndothiodon or Cisticephalus beds of Fort Beaufort

or Graaf Reinet.

The skull is broken off through the anterior part of the

orbits. The upper, the posterior, and part of the lower

surfaces are naturally cleaned by weathering, which has in

some parts cut right down into the bone.

Despite the fact that the bones are much cracked, all the

sutures are clearly shown.

The value of the specimen depends on the fact that the

structures of the base and back of the skull, hitherto quite

unknown in Therocephalia, are beautifully shown.

The specimen belongs to a new genus and species of the

Gorgonopside, but as the dentition is not shown I do not

propose to name it.

The basioccipital is so much weathered that the condyle

has been destroyed. It is a small bone of oblong shape

whose forward end is joined by the basisphenoid, which has

a somewhat squamous and easily visible suture with it. The

lateral border has a shallow notch which forms part of the

border of the pit in which the fenestra ovale is lodged ;

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xi. 5

66 Mr, D. M. &. Watson on the

behind this it has a long smooth articulation with the opisth-

otic, very well shown on both sides. ‘This suture terminates

behind in the foramen jngularis, the whole of whose inner

and lower border appears to lie in the basioccipital.

ExDec. For.Mag Fosrlen.

Foss.

Gorgonopsid skull (B. M. Nat. Hist. 47098), Palatal aspect. x %

B.0c., basioccipital; B.Sp., basisphenoid ; Ex.Oc., exoccipital; For.Jua.,

foramen jugulare; For.Mac., foramen magnum; Md., lower jaw;

Op.0., opisthotic ; Post.Tem.Foss., post-temporal fossa; Pr., ptery-

goid; Sq., squamosal.

The exoccipital is a very small bone on the extreme back

of the skull. Its inner border forms a good deal of the

foramen magnum, but it does not meet its fellow so as to

exclude the supraoccipital from that opening. ‘The bone has

a small notch forming the back of the foramen jugularis,

from which a suture runs outward separating it from the

opisthotic. The outer end of the bone forms part of the

small post-temporal fossa, and it is separated from the supra-

occipital by another straight suture.

The supraoccipital is a large bone forming a great deal of

the occipital plate of the skull and forming the top of the

foramen magnum. On each side of this it has sutures with

Structure of the Therocephalian Skull. 67

the exoccipitals. Its upper border is connected by jagged

suture with the interparietal and its lateral borders are over-

lapped by the tabulares,

FO. Far (|. Par.

Or.0. B.Oc. ForMag. Fost. Tem.

Foss.

The same skull as figure 1. Posterior aspect. x 2,

Reference-figures as in fig. 1, with, in addition :—I.Pan., interparietal ;

Par., parietal; P.O., postorbital ; Sup.Oc., supra-occipital; Tas.,

tabulare.

The interparietal appears as a thin bone entirely on the

back of the skull, whose lower border joins the supraoccipital ;

the sides of the bone are overlapped by the tabulares and the

top of the bone overlaps the parietals.

The tabulare is a thin bone overlapping the interparietal

and supraoccipital and covering some of the back of the

internal ramus of the squamosal. ‘lhe lower end of the

bone thickens and passes round the outer end of the post-

temporal fossa to meet the end of the opisthotic. The lateral

borders of the bones are removed by weathering in this

specimen.

The opisthotic is a bone which articulates by straight

smooth sutures with the basioccipital below and the ex-

occipital behind. It forms the posterior part of the pit, in

which lies the fenestra ovale, and the outer side of tlie

foramen jugulare. ‘There is a powerful paroccipital process

which forms the lower border of the post-temporal fossa and

articulates with the squamosal and tabulare distally.

68 Mr. D. M. 8. Watson on the

Very little of either squamosal remains. Other specimens:

of the same family show that in its general plan it is very

similar to that of Diademodon, but probably lacks the groove

for the external auditory meatus. The internal ramus runs

upward and forward along the front of the tabulare to the

parietal and postorbital, the actual junction with the latter

bone being destroyed by weathering in this specimen, but

clearly shown in other members of the family.

The lower end of this ramus thickens, articulates with the

outer end of -the opisthotic, and supports the lateral ramus,

which holds the quadrate.

Same skull as the preceding figures. Dorsal aspect. x ¢.

Reference-letters as before, with :—Fr., frontal; Mx., maxilla;

P.FR., prefrontal ; P.Par., preparietal.

The parietal is a flat bone on the top of the skull whose

posterior end is bent sharply down and overlapped by the

interparietal. The bone articulates with its fellow by a long

median suture, which is interrupted anteriorly by the pineal

foramen, which lies entirely between them. In addition the

bone articulates with the preparietal, frontal, postfrontal,

postorbital, squamosal, and interparietal, never entering into

the border of the temporal fossa.

The preparietal is very clearly shown asa median lozenge-

shaped bone surrounded entirely by the parietals and frontals.

The frontals are separated by suture ; they are imperfect

anteriorly, but articulate behind by jagged sutures with the

Structure of the Therocephalian Skull. 69

parietal and preparietal and laterally with the postfrontal ;

they form at any rate a small part of the upper rim of the

orbit.

The postorbital is a large bone forming the whole of the

back of the orbit and articulating below with the jugal. It

has a long process running back in contact with the parietal

to the squamosal. The outer edge of this bone forms the

whole of the anterior and superior borders of the temporal

fossa.

The postfrontal is a rather large triangular bone lying

between the frontal, parietal, and postorbital, and forming a

good deal of the border of the orbit. It is entirely excluded

from the temporal fossa.

Same skull as the preceding figures. Anterior view of the broken front

face of the specimen.

Reference-letters as before, with :—Eru., ethmoid ;

Par.SpuH., parasphenoid.

The basisphenoid and parasphenoid are indistinguishably

fused. They articulate behind with the basioccipital and

send out a process which forms the outer wall of the pit

which encloses the fenestra ovale. In front of this region

the conjoint bone narrows very rapidly; the nearly vertical

sides bear very curious basipterygoid processes, which are

entirely laterally directed and apparently quite thin, The

very narrow anterior prolongation of the bone which separates

the pterygoids for a long distance is presumably entirely

parasphenoid, There are no carotid foramina.

70 Mr. D. M. S. Watson on the

The posterior part of the pterygoid, which alone remains, -

has its inner margin in contact with the parasphenoid and

basisphenoid for a considerable distance. At the back it is

connected with the basipterygoid process; underlying it, and

having a dorsal ridge which passes round its end and is con-

tinued towards the quadrate region. On the left side of the

skull this dorsal ridge is separated by a crack, which, I think,

is not a suture ; it may conceivably, however, be one, in

which case the dorsal portion would be epipterygoid. In

front the two pterygoids appear to meet under the para-

sphenoid; they then separate to form a very small inter-

pterygoid vacuity and perhaps meet again in front. On each

side of the vacuity is a powerful process, deep but rather

narrow antero-posteriorly. The outer half of this process

is covered in front by the transverse bone, which rises almost

vertically to the maxilla.

The ethmoid is oly exposed in section on the front of the

specimen ; it forms a thin vertical septum articulating below

with the top of the parasphenoid, and opening out above into

two wings so as to form a groove for the olfactory nerves.

It does not appear to reach the top of the skull.

Where corresponding parts are present, this specimen, the -

type specimen of Gorgonops torvus, and three skulls of

Scymnosuchus whaitsi agree closely in all their important

structural features.

Some GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS CONCERNING THE

STRUCTURE OF ‘ HERAPSID SKULLS.

Homologies of Bones.

Interparietal.—The interparietal occurs in all satisfactorily

known South African ‘therapsid skulls. It seems to be in all

particulars similar to the mammalian bone of the same name.

Jt is to be remembered that in ontogeny this latter bone is

paired, so that it is in every way probable that it was arrived

at by the fusion of two bones. ‘The bone agrees closely with

the postparietals of the Stegocephalian skull, lying as it does

dorsal to the supraoccipital and epiotics and behind the

parietals. The Stegocephalian postparietal is a dermal bone

which covers the upper end of the epiotic; in later types it

Structure of the Therocephalian Skull. 71

perhaps actually fuses with that bone, but in the very primi-

tive Pleroplaa it is undoubtedly distinct.

Tahulare—The Stegocephalian tabulare is a dermal bone

associated with the opisthotic exactly as the postparietal is

with the epiotic. 1t always retains this articulation in

Cotylosaurs wherever it is recognizable, as, for example, in

Seymouria. In Captorhinus the bone called by Case the

quadrato-jugal, if it really be a separate bone, is undoubtedly

a tabulare having its normal relation to the end of the

opisthotic; its unusual appearance here is due to the fact that,

instead of forming a horizontally expanded plate, it forms a

vertical one on the back of the skull, and it extends far down

because the end of the opisthotic to which it is attached is

bent downward, instead of pointing upwards as it does in

Seymouria and all Stegocephalia,

The bone which 1 hold to be a tabulare in Therapsids

occurs in Deinocephalia, ‘Therocephalia, and Cynodontia,

where it always extends down outside the post-temporal fossa

to articulate with the end of the opisthotic; it lies entirely on

the back of the skull, and obviously belongs to the same

transverse row as the interparietal, which I have shown

above to be probably homologous with the Stegocephalian

postparietal. -

In Anomodontia it is usually either absent or, perhaps, but

improbably, indistinguishably fused with the squamosal, but

it is very probable that the bone on the posterior surface of

the type skull of Lystrosaurus declivis which Owen and

Lydekker have supposed to be part of the parietal is really a

very reduced tabulare.

When describing the skull of Diademodon I held the

tabulare, which I now know to be a separate bone, to be a

part of the parietal, Broom has recognized the separate

nature of the bone in Cynodonts and Moscops, a Deino-

cephalian, but has called it an opisthotic, a determination

which is obviously inadmissible now that we know the

perfectly normal opisthotic described above and the position

of the fenestra ovale in Cynodouts and of the internal ear in

Dicynodon.

The resemblance of this bone to the pars mastoidea of the

petrosal of marsupials, which is the basis of Dr. Broom’s

determination, is, however, so close as to suggest that that

part of the bone is really separate, and that it may be found

to develop as a membrane-bone, and subsequently come into

contact with the cartilage bones of tlie periotic capsule,

72 Mr. D. M.S. Watson on the

Preparietal.—This bone is exactly similar to that of

Anomodonts; its homologies remain obscure, but it is quite

certain that it does not represent a fused pair of parietals.

This is the first recorded occurrence of the bone out of the

order Anomodontia.

General Discussion of the Palate.

The specimen which is the subject of this paper agrees so

closely with Gorgonops that we are justified in combining the

well-known preorbital part of the skull of that genus with it

to get a complete knowledge of the palate.

The palate of Gorgonops is on the whole very similar to

that of Scylacosaurus as described by Broom. There are the

same large prevomers separating very large posterior nares.

Gorgonops shows, however, in an exaggerated form a

feature which is present in many diverse early Therocephalian

genera; that the tooth-bearing edge of the premaxilla lies

considerably above that of the maxilla, so that there is a step

in the outline of the jaw. ‘This curious feature also occurs in

Dimetredon, so that it is possible that it isa primitive feature.

I think on the whole, however, that it has been indepen-

dently acquired, owing to latent homoplasty, on several

different lines of descent.

It is of great importance, because it results in the pre-

vomers, which are directly attached to the palatal processes

of the premaxille, being raised considerably above the level

of the tooth-bearing edge of the maxille. This is the explana-

tion of the fact that in mammals the palatine processes of

the premaxille articulate with the anterior end of the vomer

in such types as the dogs. Like the vomer they belong to

the original primitive palate and lie above the level of the

secondary plates of the maxille and palatines. In Gorgonops

the lower borders of the maxille are somewhat approxi-

mated, so as to tend towards the formation of a secondary

palatal plate. This early stage in the formation of a

secondary palate by the raising of the prevomers above the

level of the lower edge of the maxillee and the incipient

production of secondary palatal plates from the latter bones

is exactly paralleled by Belodon, which shows a morpholo-

gical stage in the evolution of the Crocodilian secondary

palate.

Another large much-weathered Therocephalian skull* in

* Belonging to a different family.

Structure of the Therocephalian Skull. 73

the British Museum, collected by Mr. T. Bain from the

Pariasaurus-zone of Uitkyk, Gouph, shows the extension of

SSS

Gorgonopsid palate. Figure founded as far as possible on the type

specimen of Gorgonops torvus, restored by comparison with an

imperfect skull of a Gorgonopsid (Scymnosuchus whaitst, Broom ?)

from the Endothiodon-zone of Beaufort West and the skull which is

the subject of the four preceding figures. 3.

This figure should be compared with Griesbach’s excellent

lithographic drawings in Owen’s ‘ Catalogue of the Fossil Reptilia of

the Karroo System.’

the parasphenoid forward to meet and extend some way ~

between the prevomers*. The specimen described above

* Dr. Broom has very kindly shown me the snout of a Therocephalian

skull which exhibits the prevomers separated by a median bone which

he determined as a mammalian yomer; so that this observation should

be credited to him.

74 Mr. D. M. S. Watson on the

shows that the Therocephalia agree very closely with such a

Cynodont as Diademodon in the structure and relations of

the basisphenoid and parasphenoid to the pterygoids.

There thus seems to be no room left for doubt that

Dr. Broom is quite correct in his contention that the

mammalian vomer is homologous with the reptilian para-

sphenoid and that the reptilian vomers, the prevomers, are

lost in the majority of recent mammals.

The skull described in this paper seems to show a rather

more primitive condition of the articulation of the pterygoid

with the basis cranii than occurs in Diademodon. ‘There

is a distinct basipterygoid process, and the connection between

the pterygoids and the parasphenoidal rostrum seems not so

close as in the more recent type.

One very remarkable feature of the Gorgonopside is the

extreme shortness of the postorbital part of the skull and its

remarkable length in front of the orbit. The short cranial

region is paralleled by all the Deinocephalians, Droma-

saurians, aud Dimetrodon, and seems to be undoubtedly a

primitive ‘Therapsid character.

The great elongation of the face occurs in Therocephalia,

Titanosuchus amongst the Deinocephalia, and Dimetrodon ; it

does not oceur in Hdaphosaurus, Moscops and allied Deino-

cephalia, Dromasauria, and Anomodonts ; it is noticeable

that all these types with an abbreviate face are or may be

herbivorous, there being no large canine in any of them

except Dicynodon, where its occurrence seems to be a secon-

dary sexual character. There is thus considerable reason for

supposing that the elongated face, like the deepening of the

maxilla, is an adaptation to the development of a powerful

carnivorous dentition. It is probable that this lengthening

is the cause of the enormously long prevomers and of the

long region where the pterygoids are in contact with the

parasphenoid in Therocephalia. The curious position of the

basipterygoid process of the basisphenoid, which is dorso-

ventrally flattened and laterally directed, seems to depend

entirely on the reduction of all the parts of the skull which

lie below the opisthotics. ‘This reduction is progressive ; it

is scarcely shown in the Pelycosauria and perhaps Deino-

cephalia, is very marked in Therocephalia, and still more so

in Cynodontia. One interesting case of it is well brought

out by comparison of the position of the foramen jugulare of

the Therocephalian described aboye with that of Diademodon.

In the earlier type it is directed very nearly backwards and

lies considerably above the level of the bottom of the

Structure of the Therocephalian Skull. 75

opisthotics, resembling fairly closely that of Sphenodon ; in

the Cynodont it opens entirely downwards on the extreme

lower surface of the cranium.

Other features of the palate which deserve mention are

the small interpterygoid vacuity and the absence of any

suborbital vacuities.

It is certain that, although the matrix cannot be removed

so as to show it, the parasphenoid lying above the level of

the palate really divides the vacuity. ‘This condition is

exactly similar to that in Anomodonts, where the pterygoids

meet below the parasphenoid, and then separate to form a

large interpterygoid vacuity which is divided by the para-

sphenoid lying above the level of the palate. ‘The higher

Cynodonts show an advance on the mammalian direction

in the complete obliteration of the interpterygoid vacuity

aud the exposure of the parasphenoid (mammalian vomer)

for its whole length. The remarkable Cynodont type M/iero-

gomphodon oligocynus, which may, I think, be included in

the same family with Bauria, has a large interpterygoid

vacuity.

The condition of the parietal region of the Gorgonopsid

skull is of great interest. The extension of the postorbital

backwards to meet the squamosal, and the consequent exclu-

sion of the postfrontal and parietal from the border of the

temporal fossa, occurs also in Deinocephalia, Dimetrodon,

Diomasauria, and Anomodonts; it las thus every appearance

of being a primitive Therapsid character. When 1 described

the skull of Déademedon I thought it most probable that it

was a secondary feature; but examination of much more

material, including particularly some of that in South Africa,

has convinced me that Dr. Broom was quite justified in

holding it to be primitive. It does not therefore tollow that

he is right in holding that the Therapsid temporal fossa is

homologous with the lower one of Sphenedon. The fact that

in all Diapsid reptiles except Sphenodon the quadrato-jugal

forms part of the border of the lower temporal fossa and

that in the Deinocephalia the squamosal meets the post-

orbital below the tossa, and that these two bones form a good

deal of the zygomatic arch in all Therapsids, seems to me to

show that the Therapsid temporal fossa is not homologous

with either of those of Syhenodon, but is really developed in

tlle upper temporal arcade of that reptile, being primitively

bounded by the squamosal and postorbital alone. By increase

76 Mr. D. M. S. Watson on the

in size of the temporal fossa the parietal and jugal may enter

into its border, but the postfrontal never does so. This last

point is of interest in connection with the fact that in several

Nothosaurians the postfrontal, although present, takes no

part in the formation of the temporal fossa.

This new view of the homology of the Therapsid temporal

fossa raises no difficulties and allows of the occasional pro-

duction of incipient upper temporal fosse in Dimetrodon

and lower temporal fosse as in the type skull of Cynognathus

crateronotus.

The Gorgonopside in the characters of their parietal region

agree very closely indeed with the Anomodontia; in many

other features of the skull they also present resemblances to

them, and it becomes interesting to speculate on the possible

relation between the two types. Typical Anomodonts of

small size are known from the Pariasaurus-zone, and Gor-

gonopsids first appear, so far as is at present known, in the

succeeding Endothiodon-zone, so that direct derivation is not

possible. It seems to me most probable that they agree so

closely owing partly to actual descent of primitive features to

them from ancestral Therapsids and partly to the direction

imposed on their evolutionary change by latent homoplasty *.

‘They both agree closely in the constitution of their cranial

roof with the Deinocephalia, although the preparietal is not

known to occur in that group. The remarkable general

resemblance between the apparent method of development of

the secondary palate in Crocodiles, where in Metriorhynchus

there is a large median vomer, and that of Cynodonts as

outlined above suggests that the development of the secondary

palate of Therapsids may have taken place independently on

several lines of descent.

It seems to me very probable that Bauria is the terminal

type of a completely different but parallel line of descent to

Cynognathus. Baurta with a secondary palate retains large

suborbital vacuities, as shown in a specimen collected by

myself, which is exceedingly like Bauria cynops, but perhaps

belongs to an allied species. The family, as shown by

Microgomphodon oligocynus, has also a large interpterygoid

vacuity t. The Permian type Arctognathus curvimola (cf.

* I owe this convenient phrase to Baron Fr. Nopsca, Jun.

+ Comparison of the anterior part of the dentition of Mzcrogomphodon,

Seeley (Phil. Trans. vol. 186 B. pl. i. fig. 4), with that of Bauria, Broom

(Proc. Zool. Soc. 1911, p. 896, fig. 168), will render the close relation of

the types certain.

Structure of the Therocephalian Skull. 77

Seeley, Phil. Trans. vol. 185 B, pp. 987-1018, pl. Ixxxviii.

fig. 1) has a lower surface which, except for the fact that it

is not known to have any secondary palate, is extraordinarily

like that of Cynognathus or Diademodon, especially in the

fact that the interpterygoid vacuity is entirely suppressed,

and the suborbital vacuities not developed.

Fig. 6.

Figs. 6 and 7.—Dorsal and right lateral views of the skull of Areto-

gnathus curvimola (Owen), X 3, restored from the type and only

known specimen. Areas with uniform shading are completely

missing on both sides of the specimen. These figures will render

the lithographic drawings of the skull published by Owen more

intelligible.

This type is remarkable in that it has a broad parietal

region, so badly preserved, however, that its structure js not

known. It shows no features which are inconsistent with a

close connection with the Cynognathide, using that term to

include Cynognathus, Diademodon, and Trirachodon, for

the broad cranial roof could easily be reduced to the narrow

ridge of the later type.

At the same time this broad roof, in which presumably the

_postorbitals extend back to the squamosals, suggests @

connection with the Gorgonopsids. I see nothing in the

palate of the two types to negative such an affinity, but the

extreme shortness of the preorbital part of the Arctognathus

skull is rather opposed to it. It must, however, be remem-

bered that in carnivorous animals after the establishment of

a carnivorous dentition there is often a tendency towards an

abbreviation of the face, for example, in Fel’s, Lutra, Patrio-

felis, and amongst reptiles Tyranosaurus.

78 On the Structure of the Therocephalian Skull.

The Gorgonopsids appear to have generally five upper

incisors, one canine, and a variable number of cheek-teeth; ,

in the lower jaw they may have three incisors, one canine,

and cheek-teeth. Arthognathus has four upper incisors, one

canine, and five cheek-teeth. The Cynognathids appear

to have $ i., ; ¢., cheek-teeth variable, so that as far as

dentition goes these types agree.

One curious special feature of the skull of Bauria, the

deep keel on the under surface of the basisphenoid, can be

exactly matched by a large Therocephalian skull from the

Pariasaurus-zone in the British Museum.

The relation of the family Gorgonopside to the other

Therocephalia is not easily decided. It agrees closely with

them in the general structure of the snout, palate (except

for the absence of suborbital vacnities), and occiput, and, what

is perhaps more important, in the size and general relations

of the quadrate, It differs in the broad and extremely short

parietal region, but this difference is only due to the retention

of a primitive feature. It also differs in the presence of a

preparietal bone, but this may also be a primitive feature,

and, moreover, it is possible that there is a small preparietal

in Syclacosaurus.

Altogether the final conclusion seems to be that the earliest

Therapsids had a skull resembling that of Moscops with its

obvious specializations removed, and that from such a type

different but parallel lines of descent gave rise to the Anomo-

donts and several families of Therocephalia, some of which

subsequently developed into Cynodontia, Bauria and Liade-

modon being the terminal types of two such lines. Another

of these lines became mammals. In any case, the passage

from the Therocephalia to the Cynodontia seems to be so

completely covered even by known types, that those two

groups can scarcely be given ordinal separation from one

another,

The view of Cynodont derivation outlined above differs

from that shown by Dr. Broom’s phylogenetic tree (Proce.

Zool. Soc. 1911, p. 923) in the conception that the boundary

between the Theroceplialia and the Cynodontia has been

repeatedly crossed, and that the actual common ancestor of

the various Cynodont families (and the mammals) was most

probably in a pre-herocephalian condition when the first

cleavage between the families took place.

On Two new Australian Mammals. 79

I have to express my thanks to Dr. Smith Woodward and

Dr. C. W. Andrews for their many kindnesses whilst working

at the British Museum.

Bibliography.

In addition to detailed references in the text see :—

Broom, R. 1910, “A Comparison of the Permian Reptiles of North

America with those of South Africa.” Bull. Amer. Mus, Nat,

Hist. vol. xxviii. pp. 197-234.

——. 1911. “On the Structure of the Skull in Cynodont Reptiles.”

Proc. Zool. Soc. 1911, pp. 893-923.

—. 1911. “On some new South-African Permian Reptiles,” Proc.

Zool. Soc. 1911, pp. 1073-1082.

Watson, D. M.S.. 1911. “The Skull of Diademodon, with Notes on

those of some other Cynodonts.” Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 8,

vol. viii. pp. 295-3830.

V.—Two new Australian Mammals,

By Ouprietp Tuomas.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Nyctophilus geofroyi pallescens, subsp. nu.

A pale desert race of N. geojfroyi.

Size and other characters as in geofroyi, but colour much

paler, that of the upper surface closely agreeing with

Ridgway’s ‘‘drab-grey,” and that of the under surface

white, though the hairs are slaty at their bases. Ordinary

specimens of N. geoffroy: are dark brown above and paler

brown below.

Dimensions of the type :—

Forearm 34 mm.

Head and body (measured by collector) 49; tail 36;

ear 22.

Skull: greatest length 15:3; basi-sinual length 11-2;

front of canine to back of m? 5:7.

Hab. Alexandria, Northern Territory of S. Australia.

Alt. 800’.

Type. Adult male. B.M.no.7.1.4.1. Original number

240. Collected 25th May, 1906, by W. Stalker. Pre-

sented by Sir W. Ingram and the Hon. John Forrest,

80 Mr. C. T. Regan on Raia undulata, Lacep., and

A Kalgurli specimen obtained by Mr. Shortridge is

intermediate as regards the upper colour, but its lower

surface is brown as usual.

Phascogale murez, sp. n.

Allied to Ph. longicaudata, but much larger.

Size approaching that of the larger species of the genus.

Fur short, close and crisp; hairs of back about 5-5°5 mm.

in length. General colour above near “ Prout’s brown,”

becoming warmer posteriorly nearly to ‘ burnt umber.”

Head and sides dark mouse-grey. Under surface whitish,

the bases of the hairs brown. Limbs dark mouse-colour

externally, dull whitish on their inner surfaces; hands and

feet pale brown. Tail with its basal inch clothed with fur

like the back, the remainder short-haired, brown above and

below.

Skull as in Ph. longicaudata, but larger throughout.

Dimensions of the type (measured on the skin) :—

Head and body 197 mm.; tail 167 ; hind foot 35.

Skull: greatest breadth 24; nasals 165x4°6; inter-

temporal breadth 7°5 ; palatal length 26; breadth between

outer corners of m’ 14°6 ; combined length of three anterior

molariform teeth 7:9.

Hab. Sattelberg, German New Guinea.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 12.2.4.1. Collected by

Herr O. Fritsche. Presented by the Hon. N. Charles

Rothschild.

This fine Phascogale is readily distinguishable by its

greater size from its only near ally PA. longicaudata, Schleg.,

a native of the Aru Islands.

ViI.—Raia undulata, Lacep., and its Distribution on the

British Coasts. By C. Tate Recan, M.A.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

[Plate I.]

In 1907 (Annals, (7) xx. p. 403) I placed on record the

occurrence on the Cornish coast of Raia undulata, Lacep., a

species not generally regarded ‘as belonging to the British

fauna, although it was known to Couch, who described

it as a variety of R. microcellata. The Cornish specimen,

presented by the late Mr. Harcourt Powell in 1880, was the

tts Distribution on the British Coasts. 81

only example of this species in the British Museum collec-

tion in 1907, but since then Mr. Boulenger has obtained

specimens from Brittany, and in May of the present year

Mr. J. O. Borley brought me one taken in Rye Bay, Sussex ;

quite recently Mr. Anthony Belt has sent for identification

a photograph of another example, captured off Hastings last

February ; with Mr. Belt’s kind permission [ am using the

photograph to illustrate this paper; it represents a specimen

about 18 inches long and 11 wide.

Raia undulata is so noticeable on account of its character-

istic markings, and so different in appearance from our

other English Rays, that it is difficult to believe that it

occurs regularly on our southern coasts and has hitherto

been overlooked ; the alternative is to suppose that it has

extended its range to the coast of Sussex only in the last

few years.

R. undulata is closely related to R. clavata, differing

especially in coloration and in the greater smoothness and

more rounded form of the disc ; the teeth are not quite the

seme and are nearly alike in both sexes ; a full description

follows.

Raia undulata.

Raia undulata, Lacep. Hist. Nat. Poiss. iv. p. 675, pl. xiv. fig. 2

(1802); Mill. & Henle, Plagiostom. p. 134 (1841); Duméril, Hist.

Poiss. i. p. 538 (1865) ; Moreau, Poiss. de France, i. p. 484 (1881).

Raia mosaica, Lacep. /. ¢. pl. xvi. fig. 2.

Dise broader than long; anterior margin slightly un-

dulated; extremity of snout projecting as a short process,

broadly rounded in the young, pointed in the adult ; outer

angles of pectorals rounded. Vent nearly equidistant from

tip of snout and end of tail (adult) or nearer the former

(young). Length of snont (preocular) about } the width

of disc; interorbital widti 2} (adult) to 2? (young) in

length of snout, about equal to length of eye and spiracle ;

diameter of eye 1} to 2 in interorbital width. Internasal

width § to } (young) or more (adult) of distance from end

of snout to fold connecting nasal valves. Teeth close-set,

keeled, the middle ones small, pointed in adults ; 36 to 48

rows in the upper jaw. A border of asperities along

anterior margin of lower surface, not extending to angles of

pectorals, present except in very young; lower surface

otherwise quite smooth; upper surface nearly smooth in

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xi. 6

82 On Raia undulata, Lacep.

very young, but except in these spinulose on tail, near

middle line of disc, and near its anterior margin. 1 or 2 spines

in front of and behind each eye; usually 1 or 2 pairs of

scapular spines; a median series of spines numbering from

22 (young) to 60 (adult) from head to first dorsal fin;

usually 1 or 2 spines between the dorsals; adult with a

short series of spines on each side of anterior part of tail.

Brown, orange, or yellow, with blackish or brownish un-

dulating stripes, usually margined by series of small white

spots; larger white spots scattered on disc ; underside white,

in the young sometimes dusky on tail and at margins of

disc.

This description is based on the examples in the British

Museum collection, 8 in number, from Brittany, Cornwall,

and Sussex, measuring from 275-800 mm. in total length.

According to Moreau, the species attains a length of

1200 mm. and is found on all the coasts of France,

Mediterranean, Atlantic, and Channel *.

Moreau has evidently seen a good series of specimens ;

he says that in large fish the scapular spines may be wanting

and the median series may be confined to the tail. As to

coloration, the white spots may be absent, and in adults the

stripes may be indistinct and the spots, if present, greyish ;

he has seen a young male with the whole lower surface

blackish.

In the following table are given measurements in milli-

metres: A, width of disc; B, length from snout to vent ;

C, length from vent to end of tail; D, length of snout;

E, diameter ofeye ; F, interorbital width ; G, przoral length

(to fold connecting nasal valves) ; H, internasal width. In

Tis given the number of teeth in the upper jaw and in K

the number of spines in front of the dorsal fin.

Ay) Bi) Go DK, 1G. dae ee

o. Cancale.... 500 400 400 95 22 42 75t 65+ 46 60

6. Cornwall (;)) 295). 195) 9.4, 95d) 1b 221s SSG oom

6. Rye Bay .. 245 170 200 50 12 17 45 28) 4002s

G. Roscoff .... 200 140 °160 40 11 16°37, 24 S6522

* Giinther. Cat. Fish. vi. p. 459, refers a young male from Madeira to

this species; but this is an error, the specimen being an example of

R. asterias.

+ Owing to distortion of mouth and snout these figures are approxi-

mate only,

Notes from the Gatty Marine Laboratory. 83

VII.—Notes from the Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews.

—No. XXXIV. By Prof. M‘Inrosu, M.D., LUL.D.,

F.R.S., &c.

[Plates II. & III.]

- On Pionosyllis alternosetosa, De St. Joseph, and its relation to Syllis

armillaris, O. F. Miiller.

. On the British Maldanide.

. On the Maldanide dredged in the ‘ Porcupine’ Expeditions of 1869

and 1870.

. On the Maldanide dredged in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada, by

Dr. Whiteaves.

. On the Maldanide procured by Canon Norman in Norway.

o —- clo

1. On Pionosyllis alternosetosa, De St. Joseph, and its

relation to Syllis armillaris, O. FP. Miiller.

Cons1pERABLE doubt was felt in regard to certain Syllids,

such as Pionosyllis alternosetosa and Syllis brevicirrata, in the

Ray Society Monograph; and further examination has

shown that the former is only Syllis armillaris, which is

common on the shores of the Channel Islands—not very

distant from the region at which De St. Joseph worked, and

which appears to have been unfamiliar to him and also to

Major Elwes at Torquay. ‘There is no character, indeed, by

which the one may be separated from the other, and in this

view Mr. R. Sothern, who is doing excellent work on the

Polycheta of Ireland, agrees. In comparing the two forms

the external coloration is the same. The head, palps, eyes,

and tentacles are identical, and the presence of an additional

eye-speck or two in the southern form is of secondary

importance. The same structure is found in the proboseis,

proventriculus, and the rest of the alimentary canal. The

cirri have the same arrangement in both, those with more

numerous articulations being confined to the anterior region,

and in both forms they are carried alternately horizontally

and erect. The foot has a like structure in both (cf, Ray

Soe. vol. ii. pt. 1, pl. Ixx. fig. 14, and vol. ii. pt, 2, pl. Ixxvin.

fig. 12). About a dozen of the anterior bristle-tufts have

longer terminal pieces, and the same feature is noticed in

those of the caudal segments. The typical bristles in each

have the same structure (cf. op. cit, pt. 2, pl. lxxx. figs. 8 & 9,

and pl. lxxxvi, fig, 3),

It may be noted that De St, Joseph correctly draws atten-

tion to the presence of a simple dorsal bristle in Le terminal.

84 Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the

feet of his Pionosyllis alternosetosa thus :—“ dans le 9 a 14

segments postérieurs, et il vient s’y joindre aux sept derniers

segments une soie simple dorsale, fine, un peu courbe, sans

crochet terminal.” These simple bristles occur equally in

Syllis armillaris and have precisely the same structure and

arrangement. They are not compound forms which have

lost their tips, but are comparatively stout, simple, curved

bristles which taper to a point.

In regard to Syllis brevicirrata, besides its alliance with

Syilis gracilis it has certain close relationships with a variety

of Syllis armillaris.

2. On the British Maldanide.

Much has been done since the days of Savigny for this

group, especially by the elder Sars, Cuvier, Milne-Edwards,

Grube, De Quatrefages, Claparéde, Malmgren, Ehlers,

Wirén, Tauber, Verrill, Parlin Johnson, Moore, Treadwell,

De St. Joseph, Fauvel, Racovitza, Lo Bianco, and others ;

but in regard to the arctic and Scandinavian forms the

recent treatise of Arwidsson surpasses all previous publica-

tions in its extent and in its detailed treatment of each

species, and the accompanying figures are also excellent.

Thus, whilst Malmgren had only nine northern species (1867),

Arwidsson has twenty-seven named, and five unnamed under

two genera. The following is a preliminary account of the

forms hitherto met with in Britain, and various changes

and additions will probably soon occur, especially from the

western waters of Ireland and the southern waters of

England*.

he only species of this family entered by Dr. Johnston in

his ‘Catalogue of Worms in the British Museum’ f is

Clymene borealis, a form which from Dalyell’s description and

habitat probably refers to Nicomache maculata, Arwidsson.

Yet the specimen in the British Museum has some resem-

blance to Clymene ebiensis, Aud. & Edwards, and the example

was dredged in the North Sea off the Shetland Islands. In

the Supplement to the above work a second species is

entered {, viz. Clymene lumbricalis, Aud. & Kd., which is

described as having the head-plate broad, projecting from

the sides, and the papille ofthe funnel thirty-six im number,

alternately longer and shorter. Of this form two examples

are in the British Museum, the first of which is referred to

* The present is only a preliminary notice of the family.

+4P; es:

{ P, 345; Cuv. Régne An. éd. Crochard, Annél. pl. xxii. fig. 2.

Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 8

in the Catalogue and was dredged in mud in deep water off

Cumbrae by Dr. D. Robertson. It appears to be an Axio-

thella. The second (also called Clymene lumbricoides) was

procured by Laughrin in 40 fathoms off the coast of Cornwall.

In this the posterior margin of the cephalic rim has very few

crenations, and two papillze occur in the central line in front.

It also resembles an Aviothella.

Since the date of the Catalogue various species have been

added to the British fauna by the expeditions of Dr. Gwyu

Jeffreys. Messrs. Cunningham and Ramage mentioned

Nicomache lumbricales=N. maculata, Arwidsson, and Azio-

thea catenata, both of which had long been familiar.

No mention of the family occurs in the Plymouth list of

1904, but two are entered by Major Elwes in the littoral

fauna of ‘Torquay, viz. Clymene erstedi (?), Claparéde, and

Leiochone clypeata, De St. Joseph.

The first example of the group is Rhodine loveni, Malmgren,

which was dredged off the Hebrides by Dr. Gwyn Jettreys

in June and July 1866; whilst abroad it occurs in Swedish

waters and the Atlantic coast of the United States. As,

however, only fragments have been procured in the British

seas, the following summary is partly drawn from Arwidsson’s *

description. ~

The head is bluntly conical in front, forming a short cone

when viewed from the dorsum and a flattened beak when

seen laterally. The nuchal grooves run forward by the side

of the short keel and then curve outward and slightly back-

ward to the margin. When the proboscis is partly extruded

it forms a larger anterior and a smaller posterior region, each

with papillae. The body is about 44 inches in length, and

may have forty bristled segments, the first of which is not

separated from the peristomial and is comparatively long;

the second is shorter, and so with the third and fourth.

These bear only bristles. The fifth and sixth are nearly

equal in depth and bear in the middle bristles and hooks.

The eighth has its foot rather in front of the middle, whilst

in the connate eighth and ninth segments the foot is near

the segment-junction. The segments 11 to 15 are nearly

equal, with the foot near the posterior border of each ; but the

sixteenth and seventeenth are longer, the latter being nearly

twice as long as the eleventh. ‘The last bristled segment

ends in a free collar, from the centre of which a short

segment with a constriction posteriorly projects, the region

beyond expanding into the smooth anal cup with its central

* ‘Studien tiber die skandinavischen u. arktischen Maldaniden.’

Upsala, 1906.

86 Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the

vent. Skin-glands abound throughout the body, forming

considerable and symmetrical areas anteriorly. Double

hook-rows occur from the fifth to the fifteenth, and the hooks

gradually increase from forty to sixty, the maximum being

reached in the sixteenth, and thereafter they diminish to six

in the fortieth segment in a large example. The capillary

bristles form two groups in each segment from the first to

the ninth ; the bristles of the anterior or first tuft have fairly

broad wings and a tapering tip. About the tenth segment

are bristles with a bolder curve and somewhat narrower

wings. The posterior group consists of longer forms with a

very narrow wing and finely tapered tip. The typical hooks

have a comparatively short shaft which dilates as it passes

upward, the head being curved backward at a considerable

angle to the shaft, and the neck is broad. The posterior

outline presents a process or spur, and above the large and

sharp main fang are a series of smaller teeth which diminish

in size superiorly. The anterior edge has a concavity below

the fang, then a pointed process slanting to the great fang,

and an incuryation below it, followed by the blunt process

from which the ventral border passes with a very slight

curve. Arwidsson finds fault with the figure in the ‘ Trans-

actions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh’ *, but that was

drawn by aid of the camera lucida. Any peculiarity there-

fore is due to nature, and affects the rounded prow at the

ventral end of the shaft, which he shows somewhat less

rounded. A reference to the preparation demonstrates that

the early figure is accurate, the ventral line presenting little

curvature behind the prow. Whether a closely allied but

not identical form therefore exists in the Hebridean seas is a

possible question, but so far as the hooks go there may be

only variation. ‘The fragments secured are so indefinite that

they are useless for minute discrimination. The tube of

secretion and mud is somewhat small, rather soft, and varies

a little according to size.

The second species is Nicomache maculata, Arwidsson +,

a form frequently confounded with the more northern

N. lumbricalis, O. Fabr. It is abundant between tide-marks

at St. Andrews, and indeed appears to occur all round the

British shores. The anterior end is somewhat Bluntly trnn-

cated, rounded in the living form, but in the preserved con-

dition it presents inferiorly a somewhat shovel-shaped short

* Trans. Roy. Soc. Edin. vol. xxy. pl. xv. fig. 16.

+ Proc. R. Irish Acad, vol. xxix. p. 209 (1911).

Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 87

projection. Viewed from the front the pigmented peri-

stomial segment terminates dorsally rather abruptly, the

pale cephalic keel passing downward and forward from this

and being lost on the symmetrically expanded snout on each

side. The nuchal grooves oceupy the sides of the ridge and

curve outward at their anterior ends, and the madder-brown

pigment in its symmetrical disposition often mimics an eye

on each side. ‘lhe minute eye-specks, however, are situated

in a row on each side of the anterior border, between the tip

of the nuchal groove and the veutral edge. The fusion of

the pro- and peristomial segments is close, and both would

seem to take part in the formation of the anterior process,

for the symmetrical furrows from the mouth occur on its

under surface. The mouth forms a transverse furrow poste-

riorly, whilst in front a median and two lateral furrows pass

forward to the suout. In examples in which the head has

been recently regenerated the parts are pale, the anterior

process or prow is shorter and has a median dimple.

In contrast with the foregoing the snout in N. lumbricalis

is less produced anteriorly, a condition very evident in a

lateral view (Pl. II. fig. 8). Moreover, antero-posteriorly

N. lumbricalis has a more rounded and less elevated crown,

whereas in N. maculata the crown is higher and narrower.

There is no specialization of pigment in separate touches as

in N. maculata, though the dorsal half is reddish brown and

the lower whitish. The nuchal grooves in N. lumbricalis

have a similar trend to those of N. maculata, curving gently

outward and separated by a flattened ridge. The snout in

the large Canadian Nicomache (?) (P1. 11. fic. 4) diverges still

more, for behind the median ridge is a “deep fold of the

seoment, the ridge itself commencing bya rather broader

base, and, slightly narrowing, slopes downward and forward

to within a short distance of the anterior edge. In lateral

view the middle is convex. The nuchal groove closely

follows the somewhat narrow ridge, and thus they converge,

since the ridge itself is narrower in front. The groove turns

sharply outward on each side, making a small angle with the

main furrow, and thus differs from either N. lumbricalis from

Northern Europe or N. maculata from Britain, in beth of

which the curve is bold and rounded. .

Immediately behind the mouth is a transverse furrow,

indicating the anterior border of a narrow segment devoid of

bristles. It is marked by a distinct band of pigment oa the

dorsum, an interval separating it from that at the anterior

border of the peristomial segment. The next three segments

are each distinguished by having dorsally a tuft of bristles

88 Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the

and ventrally a single powerful golden spine close to it on

the ventral side. The dorsal tuft consists of a few capillary

bristles with tapered tips, some of the longer and more

delicate tips having opposite spikes. The ventral division

has a single spine or two of a fusiform outline, the tip

tapering toa strong and rather blunt point of a deep yellow

colour by transmitted light. The central and inferior regions

are closely striated and in some marked by transverse lines,

and the fine striz pass upward almost to the tip. Powerful

muscles are attached to the spine, sloping from the base of

the organ obliquely outward. The three sets of hooks or

spines project prominently outward each on a papilla almost

midway between the dorsal and ventral borders.

Dorsally the anterior end in N. maculata is pale, with

madder-brown specks, or speckled with white on a brownish

ground. A transverse S-shaped figure of white occurs on

the snout dorsally, the ends meeting in the middle line.

The fourth bristled segment is often crimson, whilst in

others the whole anterior region is so. The general hue of

the body behind is dull orange, marked dorsally by the median

blood-vessel. Most show a tendency to a whitish belt

between the seventh and eighth segments. The anal funnel

is dotted with whitish grains internally, Those at Loch-

maddy had a dark brown snout, this tint fading into straw-

colour posteriorly at the anal funnel. The latter has a series

of short and somewhat triangular processes or cirri nineteen

to twenty-one in number and of general uniformity, though

variations occur, one example presenting a continuous series

of eight or nine smaller cirri. The cup slopes evenly to the

eernitre: in which is the anus. Viewed laterally the dorsal

slope of the funnel is the shorter. In front of the anal

funnel are two narrow rings. The bristles are in a double

group, a ventral series of. stronger capillary bristles with

wings and a dorsal of more e slender finely tapered forms with

opposite spikes and a smooth shaft. The first three bristled

segments have a dorsal series of the usual kinds, and a short

distance beneath a single strong spine, which appears to be of

special service to the annelid in its movements of extension

beyond the tube. The strong sharp point would instantly

anchor the body by impinging on the tough lining of the

tube or other hard surface externally. The fourth and fifth

feet also occasionally have two of the strong spines, and the

former has a few hooks which differ from the typical form

behind in the greater proportional size and elongation of the

great fang and the upright position and blunt condition of

the spikes on the crown. The fifth foot has a larger number

Te a ye eee

Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 89

of hooks. As a rule the spines rarely extend beyond the

fourth foot. The gular tuft is close to the base of the great

fang in such hooks, and the general outline of the neck,

shoulder, and the shaft (which is short) differs from the type.

In the sixth and seventh segments the bristles and hooks are

anterior, and there is no furrow between the seventh and the

eighth. In the following segments the bristles and hooks

are posterior, and they continue so to the fourth segment

from the end of the series. The last three are short seg-

ments, aud they bear their bristles and hooks in the mid-

lateral region. Most show a single ring between the last

bristled segment and the anal cup, but one shows two. The

bristles of the last segments consist of rather strong capillary

bristles, with distinct wings and tapered tips devoid of spikes,

and a few more slender forms with long, fine, hair-like tips

aud opposite spikes,

The typical hook differs from that of N. lumbricalis or

Arwidsson’s var. borealis. The great fang makes a smaller

angle with the neck, and five teeth occur on the crown above

it. The backward inclination of the neck is as great as in

var. dorealis, but the neck is longer and the shoulder beneath

it is, perhaps, better defined. The gular tuft is separated

from the great fang by an interval as great asin var. borealis. -

The hooks form a single row in each case, the rows being

short in the anterior segments, but at the seventh bristle-

tuft each lies in the centre of a long, elevated, glandular

mass on the ventral surface, those following gradually

becoming veutro-lateral in position and separated from each

other by a groove in the mid-ventral line. The hooks

project from the surface, and thus give most efficient

anchorage when in action. By the elevation of the pads

the hooks in projection form a curved ridge of golden points,

aud in life this can always be accomplished by muscular

agency. When loosened in their surroundings they entangle

delicate forms like the Ampharetidz, and it is difficult to

remove these without rupture.

In the large example of Nicomache lumbricalis procured

by the ‘ Valorous’ Expedition in 1875 the neck of the hook

is shorter and more uniformly broad, the striz are confined

to the distal or basal region, the great fang makes a larger

angle with the neck, and only three teeth are usually visible

on the crown in lateral view and they are more erect. This

hook makes a close approach to Arwidsson’s var. borealis.

The large Canadian species, again, has a hook which slows a

much longer shaft, longer neck which widens distally at the

striated region ; the great fang has a similar (right) angle

90 Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the

with the neck, and two teeth and traces of a third occur on

the crown, those in the front of the body being considerably

altered, and there are no gular bristles.

The variety of Nicomache maculata with four spine-

bearing segments and the pigment on the head simulating

eyes approaches Arwidsson’s Nicomache quadrispinata. Few

examples are collected in a perfect condition, and regene-

rated anterior and posterior ends are common. ‘The intestine

is filled with the greyish mud of its habitat, containing sand-

grains, sponge-spicules, diatoms, radiolarians, and other

débris.

The third British form is Proclymene miilleri, which was

dredged in 78 fathoms off the Outer Skerries in 1868 by

Dr. Gwyn Jeffreys, and which also was found by Prof. G. 8.

Brady off the coast of Northumberland. In this the head is

distinguished from that of Pravxillura by the narrow rim of

the cephalic plate, a condition which renders the anterior

process of the keel prominent. The plate slopes from

behind forward and downward, and terminates anteriorly in

the median process, which is as well developed as in Prawil-

lura pretermissa, but, instead of being bounded by the fissure

between it and the cephalic rim, it is continuous at its base

with an accessory fold on each side within which the anterior

curve of the nuchal organ is situated. Arwidsson* makes

no differentiation of the base of the anterior process, so that

something depends on the preparation if variation does not

occur. From the median process a short and narrow keel

passes backward, but it does not reach the middle of the

cephalic plate. On each side of the keel is the short though

deep nuchal groove, which terminates anteriorly by curving

outward and being lost behind the accessory fold on each

side of the central process. The rest of the surface of the

cephalic plate is smooth. The margin of the slightly

hollowed cephalic plate is comparatively thick, but is little

elevated, and, though slightly crenate, it has no distinct

notch ; yet in the preparation a shallow groove runs from

one of the crenations in the mid-lateral region, and also

extends to the first bristled segment. The fused prostomial

and peristomial region is narrow dorsally but wide ventrally,

and has the mouth as a somewhat triangular opening beneath

the median process, which is grooved by the anterior depres-

sion from the mouth. The posterior lip is transverse and

prominent.

* Skandinav. u, arktische Maldan. Taf. iii. fig. 93.

Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 91

The body is rounded dorsally, slightly flattened ventrally,

and marked by a ventral streak. Arwidsson gives 165 mm.

as his longest example. The largest British form is imperfect,

consisting of eleven anterior bristled segments, and it

measures 70 mm., so that it would not be much shorter than

Arwidsson’s. The characteristic funnel was dredged by

Dr. Gwyn Jefireys 10 miles off Balta in 60 fathoms, having

been severed close to the base, no trace of the adjoining

segments remaining. ‘Twenty-eight of the shorter, conical,

flattened cirri, which are flexible and comparatively large,

occur on the margin, a slightly convex portion occupying

the rim between the two longer on each side of the mid-

ventral line. Each of these longer forms has a larger

flattened base than the ordinary cirrus, and the tip is filiform,

with a probe-point. Fine lines radiate from the central anal

opening, but they are much more numerous than the notches

between the cirri. A slight ridge passes from the low anal

cone to the mid-ventral line, and outside, in front of the

anal cone, is another ring. As regards colour, Arwidsson

mentions that the fourth and fifth bristled segments are

dotted with yellowish-red points, and the sixth with more

distinct touches.

The first bristled segment is narrow and carries laterally a

strong spine or two and a tuft of short bristles near its

anterior border. The space has a striated central region,

increases in diameter from the base to the shoulder, and then

diminishes to the hard golden point. The second bristled

segment is longer, has a fold toward its anterior border,

behind which (fold) the spine or spines and bristles are

placed. The third segment is slightly shorter, has its fold

somewhat nearer the segment-junction, and also bears a spine

or two and bristles on each side immediately behind the

fold. The fourth segment is similar in regard to the bristles

and spines, and they are placed near the anterior third. A

change occurs in the fifth bristled segment, in which a short

row of hooks is found in a pit on the ventral surface on each

side close behind the segment-junction, and the same occurs

in the sixth and seventh bristled segments. The eighth

presents elevated glandular ridges at the anterior border for

the hooks, the bristle-tuft being at the dorsal end, and so

with the ninth segment. The tenth foot is somewhat peculiar

in position, appearing at what seems to be the segment-

junction. The eleventh, however, is clearly at the posterior

end of the segment, which in this case was the end of the

fragment.

The setigerous process bears a group of powerful golden

92 Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the

capillary bristles, which have a nearly cylindrical shaft and a

tapered tip with well-marked wings, ‘and a few slender trans-

lucent forms which taper terminally without traces of wings

(the anterior of Arwidsson). The hooks, which commence

on the fifth bristled segment, are distinguished by their great

size, the length and curvature of the shaft, which gradually

dilates from the base to the shght shoulder from which the

Jong, straight, distal region or neck curves off, and as it

again dilates a little distally, it is narrowest in the middle.

The great fang passes off at more than a right angle, anda

knob occurs on the throat immediately below, whilst on the

crown above it are five teeth, though they are not always

visible. The gular bristles arise at the base of the great fang

and the sides of the knob, and slope, or rather curve, forward

and upward. ‘The ceutre of the shaft is longitudinally

striated, and the upper part of the neck is boldly striated

obliquely, the strize in the middle and lower part of the neck

being less oblique. Little difference is noticeable in the

structure of the hooks, though in the first series one or two

may be imperfect.

Arwidssou describes the tube as formed either of fine sand,

or of shell-fragments, fragments of Hchinus spines, Forami-

nifera, and larger sand-grains.

The fourth species is Pseudoclymene cerstedi (?), Claparéde,

which De St. Joseph considered to be the Clymene digitata

of Grube. It was procured in sandy tubes under stones at

Guernsey and Herm. In this the cephalic plate is somewhat

like that of Pravillella, with a covical median frontal process,

slightly marked lateral notches, and median posterior notch.

The rim of the plate is moderately developed, and its outline

is elliptical, more elongated antero-posteriorly than any

form hitherto observed in Britain, a feature partly due to

the continuation of the narrow anterior border into the

median frontal process. When the proboscis is included the

surface is slightly convex, but when the organ is extruded it

is somewhat hollow. The keel is long and well-marked,

commencing a little in front of the posterior rim and running

forward to the base of the median process. The nuchal

grooves appear to go along the whole length of the heel and

to pass outward anteriorly on each side of the median

process. The arrangement thus differs from that in Pseudo-

clymene, which has very short nuchal grooves. The slightly

marked lateral and median posterior notches of the rim, as

well as the fusion of the outline of the median frontal process

Gatly Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 93

with the narrow anterior end of the cephalic plate, distin-

guish it from Prawillella, Eyes were present in the living

form, but unfortunately they are now invisible. The pro-

boscis has the usual outline of a globular button on extru-

sion, and appears to be smooth.

The body is comparatively small, with a slight constriction

anteriorly, and then continues of a nearly uniform diameter

to the posterior end. ‘The first seven segments are shorter

than those which follow, and their feet are in front of the

middle of the segments, whereas those behind them have

the feet towards the posterior border of the segment. The

last two bristled segments are shorter than those immediately

in front, and behind them are four segments devoid of

bristles, viz. a short urn-shaped segment with glandular

ridges at the end and three closely aggregated rings with

traces of lateral glandular thickenings in two, the last

bearing the funnel. The usual median ventral ridge runs

from the anterior to the posterior end, where it is opposite

the longest cirrus, which is flattened and not much tapered.

The long and the short cirri are arranged more or less

alternately, one or two of the short occurring between the

long. In the centre is a flattened anal cone with the anus in

the middle. The number of cirri varies from seventeen to

twenty-three.

The first three segments are spinigerous and have besides

the usual tuft of bristles. The first foot has two minute

spines, one slightly curved and tapered from base to apex,

the other with a shoulder and blunt tip. The second foot

has on one side spines of the foregoing shape and on the

other a modified hook, which has a shaft narrowed at the

base but thereafter nearly cylindrical to the shoulder, and with

a short slightly tapered neck. The main fang is rather long,

makes more than a right angle with the neck, and has

several rudimentary teeth on the flat crown behind it. The

third foot has on one side spines and on the other a single

large hook similar to that in the foregoing foot, but with a

more distinct curvature of the shaft and enlargement below

the shoulder. The fourth foot shows a series of nearly

normal hooks, which are smaller than those of the third,

have a marked curve of the shaft which tapers from the base

to the shoulder, the neck being narrowest immediately

beyond it, for it dilates thereafter to the crown, the height

of which is characteristic. The great fang leaves the neck

at a little less than a right angle, and in lateral view has

four or five teeth above it, sloping downward from the high

crown. Almost immediately beneath the great fang the

94 Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the

gular bristles ‘pass forward and curve above the tip of the

fang. The neck is slightly striated obliquely, but though

the enlargement below the shoulder is somewhat opaque,

strie are indistinct. The hooks vary very little from the

typical form, those of the last row in front of the funnel

being perhaps somewhat smaller, but having the same high

crowns with at least five teeth above the great fang in lateral

view.

The bristles consist of the usual two groups, viz. those

with stouter straight shafts and tapered tips with distinct

wings and a dense group of more slender forms with fine

hair-like tips, which in the preparations are coated with

particles and probably are minutely spiked in the fresh

example.

The small cylindrical tubes are formed of secretion coated

with sand-grains, minute fragments of shells, and an occa-

sional foraminifer, whilst one or two are anchored by the

secretion to a small pebble.

The fifth representative of the family is Isocirrus (D) from

Shetland and the Hebrides. So far as a softened though

large example from the Hebrides shows the cephalic plate,

while having a general resemblance to that of Prazillella

pretermissa, differs from it in the crenate condition of the

margin, and in the shallow nature of the notches both lateral

and posterior. Yet in some large examples of P. preter-

missa a crenate margin is also present. The keel, nuchal

grooves, and frontal process are similar. No example is

perfect, but accompanying the anterior region is a detached

funnel and adjoining unarmed segments (four) which appa-

rently pertain to a form of similar size, and which has

twenty-seven equal or nearly equal short conical cirri. The

funnel is much softened and no anal cone is visible. In

another fragment of the posterior end of a smaller example

a similar funnel occurs with a nearly similar number of cirri

of like shape. An anal cone, slightly pentagoual in form

and somewhat eccentric in position, is present in this case.

In a funnel from the Skerries, Shetland, of similar size to

the last, only twenty-three cirri occur, and the anal cone is

slightly marked. A feature inall the examples is the massive

condition of the ring at the base of the caudal funnel, for it

forms a firm projecting shelf from the centre of which the

base of the funnel arises. The cirri, moreover, stand stiffly

out.

The body is typical in form, the first eight bristled segments

anteriorly being furnished abundantly with glands in belts,

Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 95

and the fourth segment has a collar anteriorly. The first

three segments are provided with spines, which show a

curvature of the shaft, and the tip is rather acute, especially in

the third set. In the fourth segment is a characteristic row

of hooks, which differ from the typical chiefly in the greater

length of the shaft, the diminished breadth of the neck

distally, and in the rudimentary condition of the gular

bristles. The great fang also makes a larger angle with the

neck. The typical hook has a somewhat short curved shaft,

a well-marked elliptical shoulder which gradually enlarges

from below and diminishes above toward the neck, the latter

then gently dilates into the broad distal region with the

moderately high crown. ‘The feature most distinctive,

however, is the semicircular notch below the great fang and

its termination inferiorly in an eminence from which the

gular bristles spring, then slope obliquely upward to the tip

of the fang, and curve above it. The sharp main fang has

a marked distal curvature and stands nearly at a right angle

to the neck. At least six teeth occur in lateral view on the

moderately elevated crown behind the great fang, and the

neck is boldly and obliquely striated, whilst the somewhat

slender shaft is longitudinally striated. The stronger bristles

have nearly straight shafts with tapered and often curved

tips and distinct wings. The slender forms have very finely

tapered hair-like tips.

Another form of Jsocirrus (DA), of which only fragments

of the posterior end with the funnel come from Montrose

Bay, April 1869 (Dr. Howden) ; and along with Prazillella

pretermissa, off Cape Guardia, in the ‘ Porcupine’ Expedition

of 1870. Both belong to large forms of about the same size.

Both have an elevated ventral streak which passes to the

edge of the funnel, and both have short, stiff, conical cirri,

which in that from Montrose Bay are thirty in number,

whilst in the more beautiful specimen from the ‘ Porcupine’

there are thirty-seven more acutely conical cirri. A slight

anal cone is also present in the latter, but this is due to

difference in contraction in life. Minute processes surround

the anal aperture. The firm rim or shelf from which the

caudal funnel arises is the same in both, and it has in front

of it two unarmed segments with lateral glandular areas.

The hooks are comparatively large in the posterior region,

the shafts are but slightly bent, the shoulder moderately

developed, and the neck long. Moreover, the form of the

neck is diagnostic, since the prominence from which the

96 — Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the

strong gular bristles spring is removed from the base of the

great fang by nearly its own length, the tuft curving to the

tip of the fang and then above it. Whilst the posterior

outline of the neck (which is slightly bent backward) is

smooth, that in front has the bold prominence of the gular

tuft with the long smooth sinus running to the fang above

it. The crown is not high and has four teeth above the

great fang, the first starting at an angle to the great fang.

The neck is obliquely and the shaft longitudinally striated.

The seventh form has been long known as Clymene ebiensis,

Audouin and Edwards, and is apparently near Leiochone. It

was dredged both in Zetlandic waters by Dr. Gwyn Jeffreys

and off the coast of Durham by Prof. G. 8. Brady, and a

similar form was obtained in Loch Alsh by Mr, Assheton.

The anterior end forms a smoothly rounded and somewhat

pyramidal or clavate mass with a pointed frontal process—

the prostomium, peristomium, and perhaps the first (unarmed)

segment entering into its composition, the two former being

separated by a ring from the latter. Dorsally a narrow

median keel commences at the ring just mentioned and

passes forward to the mid-frontal process. On each side of

the keel is a sharp vertical ridge or lamina which accom-

panies it to the frontal process, where it ends, a frontal view

presenting the ends of the ridges on each side of the frontal

process, a deep groove (probably the nuchal) separating

them and debouching on each side of the frontal process.

This arrangement recalls the condition in the cephalic plate

of other forms. In the fresh example a dense series of

minute dark brown eyes are visible from the dorsum on each

side of the snout, but disappear by passing under the pointed

tip, where they extend forward to the apex. ‘These vanish

in specimens long preserved in spirit. Similar groups of

eyes are observed in the aberrant Branchiomaldane vincentit

of Langerhaus * as lately described by Dr. Ashworth f.

The mouth opens in the usual position ventral and poste-

rior to the frontal process. The body is of considerable

length, viz. 5-6 inches, rounded, with a distinct mid-ventral

ridge which is continued backward to the edge of the anal

funnel and has twenty-two bristled segments and four devoid

of bristles posteriorly. The first bristled segment is about a

third longer than the cephalic lobe in a good preparation, and

bears about a fifth from its anterior border a small tuft of

* Nova Acta Ces. Leop.-Car. Bd. xlii. no. 3, p. 116, figs. 21 @ &e.

+ Proceed. Roy. Soc. Edin. vol. xxxii. p. 62, with plate (1912).

Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 97

bristles and ventrally three hooks, the crowns of which

are less elaborately formed than in the posterior hooks and

are devoid of gular bristles. The second segment is more

elongated, and, like some of the segments which follow, is

distinguished by an anterior whitish glandular region, the

bristles and hooks being at the posterior border of the latter,

viz. about the anterior fourth of the segment. The two

succeeding segments (third and fourth) are similar, but the

fifth and sixth are somewhat shorter and thicker—all, how-

ever, in the preparation showing the free fold of the anterior

border, which in a manner ensheaths the posterior end of the

preceding segment. The third segment has a tuit of bristles

and four hooks, the tips of which are also rudimentary, and

the throat devoid of gular bristles. The fourth, on the

other hand, has a considerable number of hooks, viz. nineteen

or twenty, with normal crowns and a tuft of gular bristles,

The seventh has also the free and densely white glandular

anterior margin, intensified by the dark hue of the region

behind, and the bristles and hooks are similarly placed.

Behind the foregeing a change in the structure of the

segment-junction occurs, since the densely whitish glandular

region of the eighth segment passes slightly forward on the

seventh ventrally, so that the free margin so characteristic of

the preceding segments is lost. ‘The anterior border of this

curved white region, however, really marks the segment-

junction, though in a specimen from Jersey this feature is

not so distinct as in the others, probably from less perfect

preservation. The foot of the eighth segment with its

bristles and hooks is situated posteriorly, and thus a change

in the position of the organs is inaugurated, the segment-

junctions immediately succeeding the bristle-tufts from the

ninth inclusive. The last five or six bristled segments are

considerably elongated. The posterior end appears to be

composed of six segments, four of which have slight glandular

elevations to indicate the position of the bristle-tufts and

hooks of the other segments, for they are absent in these.

The terminal rim or funnel is much expanded, but its edge

is perfectly smooth, and the anal cone is in the centre. The

whole somewhat resembles the anal funnel of Théel’s Pravilla

polaris.

The stronger bristles have stout shafts and finely tapered,

slightly curved tips, with distinct wings. The hooks are

remarkable for their comparatively straight shafts (only a

slight curvature being present), for the rather indistinct

shoulder, for the shortness of the main fang which comes off

nearly at a right angle to the neck, which increases. in

ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xi. 7

98 Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the

breadth from the shoulder to the crown, and for the flattness

of the latter. The main fang is rather short, but acute, and

the gular bristles are separated by a short interval from the

base, curve to the tip, and then rise above it. Six teeth

(as usual in lateral view) occur on the crown behind the

main fang, but there is little elevation: the bristles and

hooks of segments 13-23 are best developed.

The tube, which is figured by the original authors, is, in

the Zetlandic example, somewhat firm though friable, and

is composed of sand-grains and minute fragments of shells

attached to a central lining of secretion.

In the edition of the ‘ Régne Animal’ by the disciples of

Cuvier, Audouin and Milne-Edwards introduced as the type

of the ‘‘ Climénes,” Savigny (an abranchiate setigerous group

which they associated with the Lumbrici), a new form which

they termed Clymene ebiensis. No description further than

the explanation of the six figures and a footnote is given ;

but the form is recognizable, and is characterized by the

pyramidal form of the cephalic segment and the absence of

cirri on the anal funnel. In the plate the annelid with its

tube of the natural size, two views—dorsal and ventral—of

the cephalic lobe, and a figure of the posterior end of the

body are given, besides four of the hooks magnified. The

cephalic region is diagnostic, but the posterior end, or, as it

is called, “extrémité anale,” represents only the ruptured

constricted region between two preanal bristled segments,

while the figure of the hooks is scarcely diagrammatic. The

tube is evidently composed of sand-grains cemented to a

lining of secretion.

Another Leiochone (probably L. clypeata, Orlandi) was

dredged in 100 fathoms in St. Magnus Bay, Shetland, by

Dr. Gwyn Jeffreys. The anterior end is characterized by

the stiff—almost transversely truncate—condition of the

cephalic plate, only a very slight inclination downward and

forward being noticeable. The surface of the plate is some-

what ovoid, and the rim is only slightly developed, being

erect all round, and with a shallow excavation in the

place of the lateral notch on each side. A short, bluntly

conical, median frontal process is continuous with the keel—

a narrow ridge which passes backward nearly to the posterior

border. The nuchal grooves appear to commence near the

posterior end of the keel, and diverge a little as they run to

the anterior border, debouching on each side of the median

frontal process, and at a greater distance from each other

than usual, indeed that on the right side cuts off a special

Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 99

section of the rim. Viewed antero-posteriorly the anterior

or cephalic region is narrower than the second or buccal

part, and in lateral view the same condition exists, for the

mouth is prominent, three folds characterizing the outline

behind the median frontal process.

The body is nearly cylindrical behind the cephalic plate

(having been preserved in its tube), with the exceptiou of

the slight posterior diminution toward the caudal funuel.

Nineteen bristled segments appear to be present and

apparently only one unarmed ring posteriorly. The

anterior eight are richly supplied with glands, those

following, especially the posterior ten, being less so, the

wall being more or less translucent. The median ventral

streak is faintly indicated, indeed, in the posterior fragment,

it is not easy to distinguish the dorsal from the veutral

surface at first sight, though on subsequent minute in-

spection a slight ridge is seen on the ventral aspect of the

funnel. The most characteristic feature about the body is

the flattened moniliform condition of the last nine bristled

segments, which are narrow and vase-shaped, the wide end

being pesterior. So far as observed, no other British

Maldanid presents a similar conformation. Behind the

foregoing are two rings, the funnel arising with a brocd

base from the second, and showing a slight constriction

before reaching the rim, thus giving the outline of a dice-

box to tne funnel. Six of the subulate cirri of the funnel

are alike and moderately long, the seventh or mid-ventral

being a very little longer, though externally the caudal

funnel seems to be long; the anal aperture is in the centre

of a shallow distal cup and has no cone.

The bristles are in two groups, pale yellow stronger forms

nearly straight and with tapered tips and wings, and sleuder

bristles with very fine attenuate tips, apparently smooth,

The first three segments have rather long spines, slightly

curved striated organs, with a conical tip which may have

a slight constriction below it. The fourth foot has a row of

hooks with somewhat long curved shafts, a bold shoulder,

beyond which is the constriction of the short neck, which

curves backward and enlarges to the crown. The great fang

leaves the neck at a little less than a right angle, and four

teeth at least occur on the crown behind it, though it has not

yet reached full height. There are no gular bristles. The

neck is obliquely and boldy striated, and an opaque region of

the shaft behind the shoulder is probably likewise striated.

The typical hook is characterized by its comparatively

short curved shaft, high crown, and the broad strongly

160 Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the

striated distal region with the teeth. The opacity behind

the shoulder shows faint strie. The great fang leaves the

neck at considerably less than a right angle, and from the

neck, immediately below its base, is a tuft of gular bristles,

which pass to the tip and bend upward on each side of the

fang. The crown is now high, and there are seven teeth

above the great fang. The lower and the central regions of

the neck are strongly striated *.

The tube is fragile, the inner layer being composed of a

thin layer of secretion to which sand-grains, minute frag-

ments of shells, and Foraminifera are attached externally.

A very similar form was dredged by Dr. Gwyn Jeffreys in

90 fathoms off North Unst, on July 15, 1868. If the

two fragments in the bottle belong to the same specimen,

and they so far agree, the number of the segments would

thus be twenty-three—a larger number than usual in the

group. The funnel has fourteen cirri, that over the ventral

ridge being only a little longer and broader than the others.

As they are set on the rim at intervals their arrangement

is characteristic. The hooks and bristles seem to correspond

with the foregoing. A high power does not show fine spikes

in the delicate hair-like tips, but the preparation had long been

preserved. The tube in this case is composed of somewhat

coarse fragments of shells, fragments of a tube of Ditrypa,

and sand-grains attached to the secretion.

Arwidssou records two mutilated examples of Praaillella

affinis, Sars, the ninth species, from the south coast of

Ireland, Stat. R 31 (8, p. 127), or six miles S.E. of Mine

Head,53 m. One fragment consisted of the third to eighth

setigerous segments, and the other had from the third to

the seventeenth. ‘‘Besides there is a posterior extremity

possibly belonging to one of the foregoing. Amongst other

things are found the specially developed setz on the tenth

and eleventh setigerous segments.” (Arwidsson.) T

The tenth British Maldanid is Pravillella gracilis, Sars,

which was dredged in 100 fathoms in St. Magnus Bay,

Shetland, by Dr. Gwyn Jeffreys.

The head has the cephalic plate somewhat more oblique

than in P. pretemissa, so that the anterior border is more

acute in lateral view, especially as the filament and anterior

process thus appear as a continuous narrow appendix. In

* Arwidsson also describes a Letochone, to which he gives no Bo

in Proc. R. Irish Acad. vol. xxix. p. 214 (1911).

+’ Proceed. Roy. Irish Acad, vol, xxix. p. 215 (1911).

Gatly Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 101

the median line anteriorly is the flattened conical prow seen

in the form above mentioued, but it has distally the filiform

process so characteristic of the species. From the basal

process the long and rather narrow glandular keel passes

backward almost to the posterior border. The long nuchal

organs lie at each side, and they slightly bend outward

anteriorly, but do not reach the margin, which has two

broad lateral flaps in front of the notches, and a narrower

and often more or less erect border between the notches.

The fused pro- and peristomial segments have the large

aperture of the mouth ventrally, and it is usually marked by

a series of radiating furrows, which are somewhat regularly

arranged on the prominent posterior lip. Anteriorly a

ridge runs forward to the notch on each side of the flattened

base of the anterior process. In partial protrusion the

proboscis forms a button-shaped papillose organ, but in full

extrusion a considerable bladder-like smooth region with a

terminal fissure occurs beyond it. The papillz on the basal

region in extrusion are bluntly conical, large, and prominent,

four or five papille occurring in each row anteriorly, and

nine or ten occurring, as Arwidsson observes, in each row

posteriorly. Reddish mud oozed from the mouth on the

slightest pressure. The fine mud swallowed by the annelid

contains many organic elements, besides spicules of sponges

and minute sand-grains. An occasional larval annelid

occurs,

The body is more or less rounded dorsally, slightly flattened

behind the anterior third ventrally, and marked by a median

streak, which becomes a ridge posteriorly. A distinct

constriction behind the cephalic region, affecting three or

four segments, occurs anteriorly. There are nineteen

bristled segments, and four without bristles posteriorly.

Large forms exceed 100 mm. in length, and the walls of the

body posteriorly are thinner than in P. pretermissa, so that

from flattening the diameter of large examples is 4-5 mm.

The anal funnel is comparatively small, has a prominent

anal cone with a valve, a long ventral cirrus, and twenty-two

to twenty-five (Arwidsson gives twenty-seven) shorter cirri,

which vary in length in different specimens. Pigment is

usually absent in spirit-specimens, but in one the anterior

region is mottled with brownish red. The anterior bristled

segments from the first to the anterior part of the eighth

are glandular, but the glandular elevations at the row of

hooks thereafter are absent. Arwidsson gives in detail the

arrangement of the glands in the various parts. The

segmental organs occur in bristled segments six to nine.

The first, second, and third segments are, as mentioned,

102 Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the

firm, rounded, and glandular, the ventra] streak forming a

ridge rather than a groove. Each has a short row of hooks

and a tuft of rather long bristles. The bristles are in two

groups—a stronger golden series, with nearly cylindrical

shafts, except the somewhat narrowed region at the base,

tapering and slightly curved tips, with narrow wings; and a

‘more delicate series, having slender tips with a trace of

wings. The hooks of these three segments differ from the

succeeding hooks in the absence of the gular bristles, in the

great size of the main fang, and in the rudimentary con-

dition of the spikes on the crown, all these features, with

the comparatively narrow distal region, being conspicuous in

those of the first bristled segment. The main fang leaves

the neck at more than a right angle and its distal outline is

sinuous so as to resemble a foot. <A slight swelling occurs

on the throat at its base. In these segments (three

anterior) the bristles and hooks are in front of the boundary

of the anterior third and lateral in position.

The fourth segment is equally glandular, though short,

and its row of hooks is longer. The shafts of the hooks

still retain their great length and curvature, increasing 1n

size from the somewhat slender basal region to the broad

shoulder, then contracting at the neck, which shghtly widens

in its passage forward to the crown. The great fang comes

off more nearly at a right angle than in the anterior teet, is

proportionally less, is evenly curved on its distal margin, and

has four teeth on the crown above it. Moreover, the gular

bristles spring from the throat immediately beneath the great

fang, curve forward to its tip, and bend upward above it.

The distal region has straight striz superficially at the end,

oblique striz in the deeper part of the neck, and the shaft is

longitudinally striated. The books remain for the most part

similar in the fifth, sixth, and seventh, except that in some a

tendency to differentiation of the crown with its four smaller

teeth and a differentiation in the trend of the posterior outline

are observed. The typical hook shows a narrower neck above

the prominent shoulder, a shorter distal region or neck, which

is broad at the crown and has at least five (six, Arwidsson)

teeth behind the great fang, but the gular bristles retain

their position close to the base of the great fang and without

differentiation of the outline at their base. The hooks of the

small form from St. Magnus Bay have a higher crown than

those from Canada, thus resembling those from the posterior

region of large examples.

The posterior hooks, for instance those of the last row,

differ chiefly in their smaller size, the shafts being shorter,

Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. : 103

the smaller great fang, and the more prominent condition of

the crown with the smaller teeth, four of which are evident

as in front. The gular bristles have the same arrangement.

The bristles of this region retain the structure of those in

front. As arule, the number of the hooks increases at the

fourth segment, and at the sixteenth there may be sixteen or

seventeen in each row (Arwidssun). The same author found

in an example from Lofoten the tips of the posterior (teuth)

bristles feathered with fine lateral fibres, a condition not yet

observed here. Arwidsson met with one reproducing the

terminal segments without bristles.

‘The tube consists of mud and sand-grains round a central

lining of amorphous secretion, and is free. It readily yields

to pressure applied externally. Occasionally the translucent

secretion projects beyond the external coating of mud and

sand.

In the Irish collection Arwidsson met with Prazillella

affinis, Sars, in the form of two mutilated examples dredged

ot! Mine Head. He found the specially developed capillary

bristles on the tenth and eleventh segments.

The twelfth species, Pravillella pretermissa, Malmgren,

has long been known in the northern parts of Britain, and

has a wide distribution elsewhere. ‘The cephalic plate is

sloped from above downward and forward, and has a median

ridge from its posterior to its anterior border, where it ends

in a flattened conical process which curves forward and

slightly upward. The rim of the plate has a median notch

posteriorly, a deep lateral notch a little more than a third of

the distance forward, whilst its edge is rounded off on each

side of the anterior median process. The rim in small

examples has an entire margin throughout, but in large a

series of notches—about five in number on each side—cut the

border between the lateral notch and the median posterior

into segments. The deep part of the rim is the anterior

section on each side. ‘I'he nuchal grooves occur on each

side of the median ridge, widening a little in their passage

forward as they run into the notch or angle at the base of the

median process. ‘he mouth opens as a transverse slit on

the ventral surface a little behind the median process of the

cephalic plate, and occasionally the proboscis is extruded as

a tlattened button covered with small reniform papillz, or in

full extrusion as an ovoid sac or bladder.

The body is of moderate length, more or less rounded

throughout, thicker in front and diminished toward the anal

104 Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the

funnel, the posterior region, moreover, being for nine or ten

segments moniliform. A median streak marks the ventral

surface, which, further, is in parts somewhat less rounded

than the dorsal. There are nineteen bristled segments and

four without bristles posteriorly.

The fused pro- and peristomium form a thickened mass,

broad in front and constricted behind, where it joins the

first bristled segment. The first three bristled segments are

nearly equal in length, the first being the stoutest in the

preparations, and each bears a tuft of bristles and a golden

spine, which in large examples is very powerful though not

long. It has a stout striated shaft, enlarges from a slightly

narrowed base, and again diminishes to the tip, which is

likewise finely striated (longitudinally) internally and often

has a distinct curvature at the tip. The bristles of these

segments are in two groups, the larger being capillary

bristles with fairly stout shafts and somewhat narrow wings

at the finely attenuate tip. The other group consists of

capillary bristles with more slender shafts and more finely

attenuate tips. In the example from St. Magnus Bay the

last tuft of bristles in front of the funnel had a mere trace of

a wing with the edge faintly serrated.

The first three bristled segments do not present marked

glandular areas, but the fourth has a narrow ring at the

anterior part of the segment and in front of the bristle-

bundles. The fifth, sixth, seventh, and eighth segments have

broader belts of glandular tissue which occur in the same

part of the segment and envelop the ridges for the hooks.

The ninth foot occurs at the posterior part of the segment,

and is glandular, as are those which follow, as far as the

nineteenth. Kach of the four terminal segments has a

glandular ridge on each side, the last forming, by nearly

coalescing with its neighbour, a kind of ring.

The six segments in front of the terminal funnel differ in

shape from the preceding, being narrow in front and wider

posteriorly, the elevations for the hooks or the corresponding

glandular areas without hooks being placed on the prominent

angles posteriorly. The seventeenth and eighteenth bristled

segments—that is, the first two of this series—are, as a rule,

those best marked, though the condition varies in the preserved

examples.

The anal funnel appears to vary considerably in regard to

the number and the shape of the cirri, those with few cirri

having them broad at the base and more distinctly conical,

whilst in those in which the cirri approach thirty in number

they are more filiform, though in one from North Unst the

Oe ’

Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 105

sixteen separate cirri are filiform. The elongated cirrus is

in the mid-ventral line. The anal cup is comparatively

shallow, with the anus often on a slight cone in the centre.

In two large Hebridean examples the cirri of the funnel are

all short and twenty-seven in number. In another large

form, procured in the ‘ Porcupine’ off Cape Guardia, the

funnel had no long cirrus, the number of cirri is thirty-

seven, and the anal process is conspicuously ridged or folded.

A small specimen from St. Magnus Bay (100 fathoms) had

a very long filiform mid-ventral cirrus. Occasionally the

vent projects as a conical process, similar to what Arwidsson

shows in his P. affinis.

The hooks have a long curved shaft, tapered at its base

and dilating as it passes upward to the shoulder, which forms

a prominent hump posteriorly and a slight one anteriorly.

It then contracts to the neck, above which the distal region

dilates, and ends in a broad heavily armed crown. The

great fang leaves the throat nearly at a right angle, curves

slightly downward, and ends in a sharp point. Six to seven

teeth in a diminishing series occur above the latter on the

crown. The interior of the shaft is striated, and the striz

are continued into the neck, where they are somewhat oblique

inferiorly, but longitudinal toward the crown. The gular

bristles come off close to the great fang and curve forward

and upward on each side of it. The anterior hooks differ

from the typical forms in their shorter and less boldly curved

shafts, shorter necks which are less dilated distally, in the

larger angle made by the great fang and the neck, and in

their much flatter crowns, three or four teeth only being

visible behind the great fang, and the gular bristles are

rudimentary, passing obliquely upward close to the great

fang. The first hook of the row in the third foot is even

more rudimentary, as shown by the blunt tip of the large

fang, the fusion and indistinctness of the teeth on the

crown, and its short and nearly straight shaft. Such may,

however, be an undeveloped or developing form. The hooks

of the last row (nineteenth) retain much of the typical

structure, though their shafts are shorter. Five or six

teeth are visible on the crown above the great fang, and

the shoulder is largely developed. The bristles of this region

consist of the two groups, the stronger having narrow wings,

and the slender forms are few in number and extremely

attenuate.

A large though softened and fragmentary example dredged

by Dr. Gwyn Jeffreys off the Hebrides in 1866 has hooks

which differ from the foregoing not only in their great size

106 Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the

but in the presence of a distinct ridge or process for the

gular bristles. There are twenty-seven short cirri on the

funnel, but no longer process, though one is double. The

same condition is seen in certain forms dredged at nos. 35

and 36 and in 125 fathoms off Cape Rosier, Canada, 1873.

Further investigation of these is necessary.

A large example from the Outer Haaf, Skerries, Shetland,

had the rim of the cephalic plate less developed and the

antero-lateral margins slightly crenate, but otherwise it does

not seem to differ. A specimen of medium size again, from

a depth of 90 fathoms off North Unst, presented a very long

process for the dorsal bristles in several of the posterior

segments (even to the third trom the anal funnel), so that

the foot at first sight appeared to have a short cirrus.

The tubes are composed of sand with a lining of tough

secretion. They are comparatively soft, though in small

specimens from the Outer Haaf, Skerries, the minute grains

of sand and shells clung tenaciously to the lining. Frag-

meuts of shells and of Ditrypa tubes are attached to some

from the same region.

Axiothella zetlandica, the thirteenth British species, was

dredged by Dr. Gwyn Jeffreys in St. Magnus Bay, Shetland,

in 100 fathoms. ‘The cephalic plate slopes downward and is

concave rather than convex, and has a remarkably wide and

somewhat thin margin, and a minute central process in

front, the general form of the surface being rounded rather

than ovoid. Irom each side of the minute median process

the broad and thin antero-laateral flaps pass backward to

the notch, which is, though pronounced, superficial, that is,

it is confined to the outer half of the fiap, and its direction

is slightly forward. The postero-lateral margin behind the

notches is differentiated by its striz and crenate edge. Six

larger marginal crenations are divided into two, three, or

four subdivisions, ‘This margin is narrower than the antero-

lateral and stands more or less erect, whilst the antero-

lateral is procumbent. The very narrow keel arises a little

behind the middle and posterior to two nearly transverse

grooves which run inward from the margin, and by a slight

enlargement from the anterior edge of a rounded area. It

widens as it approaches the median frontal process, again

coutracts as it joins it, so that its outline is somewhat

clavate; or, if the posterior area is considered, like the

gymnastic club o——o, On each side is a long, slightly

narrower ridge, which ceases at the eniargement of the keel

in front, but springs from the side of the keel in front of the

Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 107

posterior rounded area. A deep groove lies between the

keel and the lateral ridge, and another less pronounced to

the exterior of it. The former probably represents the

nuchal groove, which debouches anteriorly on each side of

the minute frontal process. ‘Lhe groove outside the ridge

ruus forward in the same direction, but appears to have a

less definite termination, The proboscis forms a somewhat

globular grooved mass, with rows of rather long conical

papillee.

‘he body is, as usual, narrowed behind the anterior end,

and again increases at the eighth segment. Anteriorly the

feet arise nearer the anterior than the posterior border of

the segment, but posteriorly they are close to the posterior

edge. ‘Lhe number of bristled segments is uncertain.

‘Lhe last setigerous process aud row of hooks is followed

by three narrow non-bristled segments, bearing rudimeutary

honwlogues of the feet in the shape of glandular enlarge-

ments, the last furmimg the prominent ring (Arwidsson’s

eallus-ring) from which the caudal funnel projects. On

the ventral surface a ridge runs trom the first bristled seg-

ment to the edge of the caudal funnel. The body does not

diminish much posteriorly, and has a broad circular shelf in

front of the funnel, from which the latter projects like a

fluted vase—that is, it has a constriction immediately above

the base and then gradually dilates to the rim bearing the

eri, which, hke thuse ot Aaothella catenala, ave more or

less alternately loug and short, one of the longer occurring

in the mid-ventral line or close toit. The grooved condition

of the tunnel is a prominent feature—tlree cirri geueraily

beimg included in each space, though a narrow one may

have onijy two. One had torty-four flattened cirri, of which

twenty were long. ‘The anal cone forms a rounded button

at the base of the vase, with the central (anal) aperture

surrounded by minute papille.

In coutrast with A. catenaia the anterior bristled segments

are more glandular, segments 1-8 showing glandular rings,

especially anteriorly. ‘Lhe bristles of this region also are

more prominent than in the other species.

‘The frst three bristled segments bear spines, the first

having two or three, and the second and third four of the

same character. ‘Ihe spines are curved at the strong tip,

and the shaft is striated internally up to the tip. The

spines of the third segment arelonger. ‘The fourth segment

has a considerable row of hooks (about twelve), with

loug curved shafts, a well-marked shoulder from which the

neck dilates to the crown. ‘Lhe great fang arises nearly at

108 Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the

aright angle to the neek and is rather long. Four teeth

occur on the crown behind it, and a short tuft of gular

bristles springs from the throat immediately beneath it.

They do not reach the tip of the great fang. The crowns of

these hooks are little elevated, and thus differ from the

typical forms which those of the fifth foot more nearly

resemble. The bristles form conspicuous pale yellow tufts

in each foot, and one group has stout shafts, tapered tips

with wings ; the other translucent, slender, and with greatly

elongated hair-like tips and extremely minute serrations,

the wings being slightly developed. In the middle and

posterior regions of the body they are borne on long seti-

gerous processes which form a feature in the outline. The

typical hook, as at the eighth segment, has a remarkably

high crown, and neck and shaft are nearly equal in length.

The shaft dilates from the base up to the shoulder, then the

neck is constricted off and again dilates to the toothed

hatchet-shaped crown, which, with its six or seven teeth,

rises high above the great fang. The latter makes less than

aright angle with the neck, and has a distinct indentation

of the throat beneath it, opposite which, on the side of the

hook or at the notch in the throat, a comparatively short

tuft of gular bristles on each side slopes upward and forward

instead of curving gently outward and bending round the

tip of the great fang as ordinarily seen under a cover-glass.

The neck is obliquely striated, and longitudinal striz occur

at the upper end of the shaft. Posteriorly little change

takes place in the structure of the hook, the proportions of

shaft and neck being nearly the same, but in the last row

the number of teeth above the crown is greater.

The tube appears to be free and to be composed of sand,

minute fragments of shells, foraminifera, and secretion.

This species, in 1868, was confounded with Aviothella

catenata, Malmgren, and hence the differences between them

as indicated in a former paper*, Malmgren’s description

and figure of A. catenata are excellent.

Tle fourteenth species is Awiothella catenata, Malmgren,

in which the head, with the cephalic shield, is of average

obliquity, that is, sloped from above downward and forward,

and in lateral view the centre of the plate is somewhat

convex, whilst the anterior border droops a little. A small

process with arounded anterior border occurs in the middle

line anteriorly—separated by a furrow on each side from the

* Trans. Roy. Soc. Edin. vol. xxy. p. 420.

Gatiy Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 109

lateral flaps of the rim, which extend backward to the notch.

Behind the notch the rim in some is considerably less

developed, forming a slightly raised smooth margin which

in lateral view is at a lower level. The keel varies a little

in different examples, but it is generally narrow and arises

almost at the posterior rim, bending (for it is curved in the

middle) forward to the central median process, which is

slightly under the keel, and in one a little papilla occurred

at the base of the process. The nuchal grooves commence

posteriorly almost in a line with the lateral notches, slightly

approach each other in their passage forward to terminate in

the furrows at the side of the central process. No eyes

were observed in the preparations. The mouth opens as a

transverse slit on the ventral surface a short distance behind

the median frontal process, the prominent posterior lip being

marked by a regular series of longitudinal striz.

The body, which extends to 105-110 mm. and is 3-5 mm.

in diameter, is distinguished by the enlarged cephalic end,

the constricted anterior region, and the conspicuous and

somewhat urn-shaped segments posteriorly, terminating in

the characteristic funnel, with its somewhat alternate

arrangement of long and short cirri. The ventral streak

is in the form of a ridge which extends from a little behind

the mouth to the posterior end. The combined pro- and

peristomial region is often reticulated after the manner of

crocodile skin, and this condition occasionally occurs dorsally

on the anterior border of the first bristled segment, which

bears on each side a vertically elongated tuft of bristles, and

after an interval ventrally a short row of hooks. The

bristles agree with those of the following segments—having

long stout shafts, tapered tips, which have distinct wings, and

end in slender extremities with minute spikes at the sides.

These are readily seen at the end of the wings, but in the

filamentous continuations are less easily noticed,

The spines of the first segment are large and strong, with

nearly straight striated shafts, which slightly increase to the

shoulder, the neck being short and a little constricted in the

middle, dilating distally in lateral view, and each hasa great

fang with a sinuous distal edge, the angle with the neck

being greater than a right angle. Four hooks occur in

lateral view bebind the great fang. The neck is longi-

tudinally striated at its distal end, and has a projection (in

front) below the great fang, but though short striz exist on

each side of the base of the fang no gular bristles are present.

The same description applies to the hooks of the second

and third bristled segments, the rows of which are also

110 Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the

comparatively short. The hooks of the fourth segment have

shafts which are more distinctly curved and tapered at the

base, have longer necks, which are broader distally, and

more distinct shoulders, The great fang comes off almost

at aright angle, the distal outline is nearly a continuous

curve, and three teeth are on the crown behind it. More-

over, a few have short gular bristles, and no distinct

enlargement occurs on the throat at the base of the main

fang. The typical hook, for instance, at the eighth segment

has a long curved shaft, which is tapered from the shoulder

to the base, and dilates from the shoulder to the crown.

The main fang has a smooth curve distally and comes off at

aright angle to the neck. After a brief interval a tuft of

gular bristles springs from the front edge, curves to and

rises above the tip of the fang. The neck is striated

obliquely, and the shaft longitudinally. The posterior hooks

are somewhat smaller, but they retain the chief features

above mentioned, the “four teeth on the crown behind the

great fang being especially distinct.

From the first to the eighth the bristles and hooks are

situated laterally and ventrally toward the anterior part of

the segment, but in the ninth it is toward the posterior border

of the segment, and the glandular elevation for the hooks is

more pronounced. ‘The posterior bristled segments, as

mentioned, are somewhat urn-shaped, the narrow end being

in front and the broader, with the elevated ridges for the

hocks, being posterior. In the posterior segments the

hooks slope to the dorsum, and their great fangs point

forward. The segments from the ninth to the sixteenth are

comparatively long, but the last two are shorter. Four

diminishing unarmed segments follow, each with a lateral

glandular elevation, the homologue of the ridge for the

hooks. The anal funnel springs from the last and its edge

is fringed with a series of long and short cirri, a long one

occurring in the mid-ventral jine, and long and_ short

alternating, but with occasional irregularity. Their number

varies from twenty to thirty-eight (Canada). small examples

having fewer, as a rule, than the large ; Arwidsson gives

the number as twenty and thirty-four, and the long cirri as

from nine to twenty-eight in the northern examples. In a

large specimen from Gaspé Bay, Canada, there were forty

cirri, some, however, being mere points. The cirri generally

vary considerably in breadth at the base and in length, those

having broad bases being fewer in number. In the centre of

the funnel is the anal cone, which in contraction forms a

————————————

Alt ieainn

—————

Gatiy Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 111

raised button with radiating lines. When relaxed, however,

the aperture is surrounded by about thirty pointed papille.

The tube is of sandy mud lined by secretion and is

readily broken by pressure.

The fifteenth species is Pseudoclymene quadrilobata Sars,

which was dredged in the Outer Haaf, Skerries, Shetland,

by Dr. Gwyn Jeffreys, of whose successful labours in

Zetlandic waters mention has so often been made. In this

form the cephalic plate is distinguished by the prominence

of the lateral margin on each side of the smal) mid-frontal

process, approaching Aiothella in this respect, though the

lobes are less and the frontal process larger. The margin,

indeed, is conspicuous all round, and in place of the deep

notch of Prazillelia a shallow notch and a fold occur laterally,

whilst posteriorly the margin dips downward gently to a

median notch, which is thus less abrupt than in P. prever-

missa. The outline of the cephalic plate is ovoid, and the

keel arises rather behind a line between the lateral notches,

and passes forward as a narrow ridge to the mid-froutal

process. A furrow exists on each side of it, but the nuchal

grooves proper seem to be short and anterior in position,

forming two curved furrows, with the convexity outwards,

which anteriorly debouch on each side of the mid-frontal

process. On the ventral aspect behind the latter is a dark

band, but no distinct eyes are now observable. The mouth

forms a transverse slit with prominent furrowed lips

anteriorly and posteriorly, and radiating grooves laterally.

Arwidsson describes the proboscis as provided with papille.

The bristles consist of stronger forms with straight shafts,

tapered tips, and distinct wings, the wing running distally

into a peculiar flattened region which ends in the tapered

tip, but no serrations could be made out. The delicate

slender forms taper to a hair-like tip, but spikes could not be

seen in the preparation.

The first seven segments and the anterior part of the

eighth are markedly glandular, all having prominent belts

in front, and the ventral streak is distinct from the mouth

backward. ‘The first three segments bear strong spines, with

curvatures of both shaft and tip, the tip of the spike of the

third segment being most distinctly hooked. The fourth

has a row of hooks with long curved shafts, the great fang

makes a larger angle with the neck than in the typical form,

and the gular bristles seem to be rudimentary, yet the hook

has much of the character of the type. The latter, as at the

112 Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the

eighth segment, is distinguished by the great breadth of the

distal end of the hook, the large angle made by the great

fang with the neck, the close application of the gular bristles

to the lower border of the fang, apparently almost springing

from the basal edge of the fang itself, and the numerous

and small teeth on the crown behind it, yet the crown is

rounded off instead of being high. The shaft is of moderate

length, striated longitudinally, gently curved, and the slope

from the slight shoulder to the neck is gradual, then the

neck dilates in its progress distally and is boldly and

obliquely striated.

Arwidsson* has recently described from Blacksod Bay

and other Irish waters a sixteenth form, viz. Cesicirrus

neglectus, gen. et sp. n., and he identified it with the Aiothea

catenata of Cunningham and Ramage f. The anal funnel has

seven longer cirri, with several shorter between each.

The seventeenth species, Asychis biceps ?, Sars, was dredged

by the ‘ Knight Errant’ in 35-37 fathoms off Castle Walker,

Loch Linnhe.

In this species the cephalic plate slopes downward and

forward as in allied forms, but the entire border as well as

its surface differs from that of its allies. Thus the frontal

margin is almost the breadth of the body and is entire, and

behind it ventrally is the mouth in the form of a longitu-

dinal slit, from the anterior edge of which a line slopes back-

ward and outward on each side. Three large serrations occur

on each side between the cleft at the margin of the ventral

edge and the deep lateral fissure, one of these processes

occasionally being bifid. The deep furrow from the fissure

proceeds as far as the first bristle-tuft. The rest of the

jateral margin and the posterior edge of the cephalic plate

are cut into a continuous series of small serrations about

eighteen in number. In small examples there are fewer,

viz. from eight to twelve. The surface of the cephalic plate

has a flat ridge in the centre, but it does not reach either

the anterior or the posterior border. The nuchal organ

forms on each side a slightly flattened semicircle, commencing

anteriorly at the cleft of the frontal plate, then curving

* Op. cit. p. 217, pl. xvii. figs. 1-9, pl. xviii. figs. 10-12, and pl. xix.

figs. 20-26.

+ Unfortunately this form has not yet been obtained for critical

examination.

Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 113

inward and running parallel to the median ridge, and again

bending outward to the groove at the deep lateral fissure.

Immediately behind the mouth is a broad rectangular

band of glands bounded laterally by the groove from the

deep fissure of the cephalic plate. Glandular tissue also

appears around the mouth, ‘The next segment has a collar

with a free edge in front of the bristle-tuft, a narrow ring

behind completing thesegment. Both are glandular dorsally

and ventrally.

Asychis biceps? is a large form measuring in its incom-

plete condition 110 mm, aud probably exceeding 5 inches in

length, and having a diameter of 3 or 4mm. The anterior

region is, however, absent or represented only by a small

papilla projecting forward from the cicatrizing end of the

trunk. Judging from the appearance of the specimen and

the condition in other forms only a single bristled segment

with the head and peristomial segment are absent, this

making the total number of bristled segments nineteen.

The anterior region has somewhat the same arrangement

of the glandular tissue as in Maldane sarsi, though, of

course, it is only present in the specimen from the second

bristle-tuft. The second and third bristled segments have a

glandular ventral surface which is continuous with a nearly

complete dorsal investment. Dorsally, however, a blank

occurs from the anterior border of the fourth segment,

which has a thin glandular streak, backward. <A thick

streak also occurs dorsally opposite the bristles of the fourth

segment, but the great glandular belt from the ventral

surface appears at each side dorsally in the second ring of

the segment at the bristle-tuft. The first ring of this seg-

ment ventrally is less thickly glandular than the second,

which has a lozenge-shaped area with fewer glands in the

mid-ventral line. The great (fifth) segment shows dorsally

the thick bifid lateral pads on each side of the bristles, whilst

ventrally it has a semicircular patch in front, the thin ends

being visible dorsally, and a broad and continuous belt

behind. The sixth has a glandular streak dorsally between

the bristle-tufts of opposite sides, and the ends of the ventral

belts are seen in front and at the feet, as in the previous

segment. Ventrally the anterior only exhibits a fissure,

wider laterally, between it and the continuous and broad

posterior belt of glandular tissue. The next (seventh) seg-

ment has anteriorly the dorsal ends of the glandular area of

each foot, as well as a small portion of the anterior ventral

belt seen at the sides. Ventrally a somewhat semicircular

glandular area lies in front, its posterior edge in the prepa-

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xi. §

114 Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the

ration being somewhat indefinite. The glandular belt at the

feet is also continued from side to side. Thereafter, as a

tule, the bifid glandular areas at the feet are alone visible

from the dorsum. Ventrally the belt between the feet is

distinct at the eighth, ninth, and tenth, is more or less

interrupted on the eleventh, twelfth, thirteenth, and at the

succeeding feet the glandular tissue is confined to the sides

of the feet, forming prominent ovoid enlargements in each

case. A median streak occurs in the mid-ventral line from

end to end. The proboscis is a flattened bladder-like organ

with papille.

In the general form of the body this species approaches

that of Maldane sarsi, though in the large example the last

four bristled segments were more prominent and closer

together. They are followed by a narrow ring and then the

anal plate. The first six bristled segments are comparatively

short, whilst those following are longer, and the fourteenth

and fifteenth are again somewhat shorter. The last four

diminish progressively, and in the prominent and broad

glandular feet agree with the figure of Maldane biceps given

by Malmgren. A single narrow ring devoid of bristles

follows the nineteenth bristled segment, and it. has a glan-

dular area at each side. The anal segment has dorsally the

transversely ridged eminence for the vent, with its valve-like

plug behind at the opening, a process passing off from this

toward the median fissure of the anal cup. The latter is

broader dorsally than ventrally, with an acute fissure in the

mid-dorsal line and a more obtuse one in the mid-ventral

line, the lateral slit at each side penetrating deeply and

having a gaping opening at the bottom. The dorsal edge of

the anal plate is indented by shallow notches, which, how-

ever, are not quite regular, for on the right six teeth and a

flat area at the lateral fissure occur, while on the left four

teeth and two flat areas are found. The ventral half of the

cup shows three or four shallow indentations on each side of

the mid-ventral notch. Between the dorsal and the ventral

notches is a median line, but no ridge. The anal plate

presents therefore small differences from the descriptions of

Malmgren and Arwidsson, but these would appear to be due

chiefly to the more distinctly marked notches on the border.

A dimple occurs at the base of the caudal plate behind a

slight ring, which on this surface is between the first non-

bristled segment and the caudal rim. The segmental organs,

according to Arwidsson, occur from the seventh and ninth

segment,

Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 115

The anterior bristles are for the most part absent in the

example, but, so far as observed, they agree with the descrip-

tions of Malmgren and Arwidsson, viz. those with broader

and shorter wings and a curved tip, and those with narrower

wings and longer tips. The posterior bristles have much

elongated slender tips, with opposite spikes. The same kind

of bristle occurs in the posterior third, each bristle having a

well-marked curve and the tip forming a very long, delicate,

serrated hair.

The hooks of this form appear to be longer than those

figured by Arwidsson ; indeed, if his figure (Taf. x. fig. 349)

is perfectly typical for Asychis biceps, then doubt remains as

to the specific identity of the British specimen. The example

from the ‘Knight Errant’ differs in having the spikes on

the crown less elevated above a line passing from the lower

border of the great fang backward, and thus the hook has a

different character in that region. The same difference from

Malmgren’s figure is observed. The smaller teeth on the

crown appear to pass on each side of the base of the great

fang ; at any rate raised strize are there. The opaque strize

running from the crown along the neck to the sbaft are much

more strongly developed than in the hook shown by

Arwidsson. The curvature above the capillary bristles of

the throat differs, the neck itself is proportionally longer,

and the outlines of the neck to the shoulder are not in agree-

ment. The great length and curvature of the shaft is not

fully indicated by either author, so that this point remains

uncertain.

The tube is a massive structure of grey mud 7-8 mm. in

diameter, and at one end tapered to a blunt point which is

closed. The interior, which has a diameter of 4 mm., is

smooth, being lined by a somewhat firm membrane secreted

by the glands. Arwidsson gives in detail the number of the

hooks in each segment, the chief feature being that they

appear to increase with size and probably age.

3. On the Maldanide dredged in the ‘ Porcupine’ Expeditions

of 1869 and 1870. ,

In the Expedition of 1870 Prazillella pretermissa was

procured at various stations, e.g. off Cape Guardia. This

species was also procured in 1869 in 358 fathoms at

Station no. 8, and at Station 17 a, 9 miles off Cape Finisterre,

in 795 fathoms.

Prazillella gracilis, Sars, occurred in 81 use off Cape

116 Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the

Finisterre; Jsocirrus D off Cape Guardia; a fragmentary

Leiochone near B in 795 fathoms at Station 17a; and

Pseudoclymene I in 25 fathoms in Bono Bay. Ehlers *

mentions a fragment of a Maldane, Pravilla mulleri, Sars,

and Pravilla nigrita, sp. n., as occurring in this Expedition.

The latter form appears to be allied to Leivchone, but the

figures of the hooks are indefinite, and one of the bristles of

the posterior feet differs from most forms in so far as the

spikes on the terminal region point backward.

The first of these isa fragmentary Pravillura? (A), dredged

in the Expedition of 1870 at Station 8, lat. 48° 13’ N. and

long. 9° 11! W., at a depth of 257 fathoms on the Channel

slope in the midst of a northern fauna.

The cephalic region of this small form is abruptly trun-

cated, the frontal edge being produced into a flattened and

somewhat spathulate snout with a rounded anterior border.

A slight keel occurs on the truncated surface. The anterior

end is flexed in the example, and behind the mouth is a

deep furrow. The body is long, slender, and apparently

brightly coloured in life, and terminates posteriorly in a

somewhat tapered tail which ends in a blunt cone with the

anus dorsal. About three or four unarmed segments occur

posteriorly. So far as could be observed, only three segments

anteriorly bear hooks and bristles, the third pair of hooks

being remarkably strong for a form so slender.

The typical hook (PI. II. fig. 1) is minute, with a mode-

rately long curved shaft, a marked shoulder, proportionally

large great fang which makes rather less than a right angle

with the neck, a single gular bristle which arises after an

interval from the throat, and four teeth on the rather elevated

crown. The line between the base of the great fang and the

origin of the gular bristle is incurved, and the neck has a

considerable inclination backward from the shaft. The

bristles consist of stouter winged forms with tapering tips

aud more slender bristles with hair-like tips. So far as

could be seen, both had smooth edges. The tube consisted

of secretion with grains of sand and minute fragments of

shells.

Prozillella pretermissa, var. ?

A form dredged in the ‘ Porcupine’ Expedition of 1870 in

25 fathoms in Bono Bay differs from the ordinary type in its

smaller size and in the shape of the anal funnel. It is ina

tube of sand-grains loosely connected to a central lining of

* Zeitschr. f, wiss. Zool. Bd. xxv; p. 62, Taf, iv. figs. 12-17.

Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 117

secretion. The anterior region is absent. The anal funnel

rises abruptly from a broad ring at the base and presents a

series of long cirri seven in number, alternating with two or

three shorter ones, the largest and broadest (so that it is

strap-shaped) being mid-ventral. Another peculiarity is the

presence to the left of the segment next the funnel of ashort.

jateral and proportionally thick cirrus, whilst on the right

are two shorter processes, one opposite the former and

another a little behind it somewhat longer. The latter

separated during the examination.

Another fragmentary form had no lateral cirri in front of

the funnel, which had a shorter strap-shaped mid-ventral

cirrus and about the same number of longer cirri alternating

with the shorter.

So far as could be observed, the bristles (Pl. II. fig. 2)

agreed with those of P. pretermissa in being smooth. The

hooks, though smaller, are similar to those of the common

species, with a high crown of six teeth above the great fang

and a gular tuft of bristles close beneath,

Two fragments, viz. a funnel and a segment of a form—

apparently a Euclymene (A)—or forms unknown, were

dredged in the ‘ Porcupine’ Expedition of 1869 in 370 fathoms

in muddy sand off Ireland. ‘The funnel, which may belong

to a different form from the other fragment, has thirty-four

cirri, that opposite the vertical ridge being about double the

length of the others. All are conical flattened cirri. The

rim is only slightly wider than the base, and no constriction

occurs in the middle. ‘The basal rim from which the funnel

arises is sloped, and a single unarmed segment is attached to

it. The separate segment has bristles and hooks. The

latter (PI. LI. fig. 3) have moderately long curved shafts,

increasing in diameter from the base to the shoulder, then

narrowing at the neck, which increases in breadth distally,

and with a somewhat high crown which has six teeth behind

the great ifang. The latter makes less than a right angle

with the neck, and a curved gap (concavity) with a slight

eminence exists between it and the origin of the gular bristles,

much less, however, than in the hook of Jsocirrus D.

The bristles are strong and straight, with tapered tips and

narrow wings. Beyond the wings in some is a flattened

region, ending in the delicately tapered tip. The more

slender forms do not show traces of wings.

Heteroclymene ? AB.

A beautifully formed anal funnel, with only a fragment

118 Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the

without bristles, was dredged in 100 fathoms, 30 miles

west of Cape Monday, in the ‘ Porcupine’ Expedition of

1870. It is comparatively large, measuring 4°5 mm. in

diameter. Viewed laterally it resembles an elegant urn in

miniature, with the ventral ridge passing up to its edge and

to the longest and largest cirrus. The free edge is neatly

cut into minute, mgid, conical cirri, except in the case of

three which are subulate and longer. ‘lwo of these are

symmetrically placed, four short cirri separating each from

the long ventral cirrus, whilst on the right five short cirri

separate the odd long cirrus from that adjoinmg. The

total number of cirri is fifty-nine, and of these, as indicated,

only four are long. The distal cavity is shallow, a fine

series of grooves radiating from the central anus to the

spaces between the cirri. The ring from which the funnel

arises is rounded and only moderately prominent, whilst

externally the wall of the funnel is quite smooth.

Maldane sarsi?

A minute form in a tube of secretion coated with fine sand

was dredged in Bono Bay by the ‘ Porcupine’ in 1870. In

external appearance, viz. in the slope and structure of the

cephalic plate and in the truncated and notched anal plate,

it closely resembles M. sarsi, though perhaps the latter (anal

plate) is more circular. The hooks also appear to correspond,

having in lateral view two teeth behind the great fang and

indications of a third.

A fragmentary form near Asychis?, dredged in the ‘ Porcu-

pine” Expedition of 1870, 9 miles off Cape Finisterre, in

81 fathoms. Two segments from the middle (?) region of a

large species having thin body-walls. Each segment.

measures about 16 mm. in length and fully 4 mm. in

diameter, with the feet at the posterior border. The bristles

are (1) strong golden forms with straight shafts and tapered

tips with wings, and (2) translucent slender forms with

opposite spikes. The hooks are large, with long, curved,

striated shafts, a well-marked shoulder, and rather long

necks, which are constricted at the commencement, dilate

in the middle, and again are somewhat narrowed in the

throat. Viewed antero-posteriorly the neck is fusiform.

The strong and sharp great fang leaves the neck at a little

less than a right angle, and a Jong straight edge occurs

between its base and the anterior projection of the neck

from which the gular bristles arise. These are powerful

fibres which curve upward and over the tip of the great

-Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 119

fang. The long straight gap at the throat differs from the

condition in Asychis biceps, and so with the general structure

of the hook. he neck is obliquely striated. ‘The intestine

is distended with grey mud, which shows through the trans-

lucent body-wall.

4. On the Maldanide dredged in the Gulf of St. Lawrence,

Canada, by Dr. Whiteaves.

Besides the species specially mentioned hereafter, Prawil-

lella pretermissa was procured off Pugwash, Nova Scotia,

No. 59, 1873; in 125 fathoms off Cape Rosier, and at

Stations 35 and 36 ; at No. 28; in Gaspé Bay in 30 fathoms,

at Stations A°, 37, and 42,1873. Pravillella gracilis occurred

in Gaspé Bay, 80 fathoms, and at Stations 35-36 and 46,

9 miles off Souris Head, Prince Edward island. A form

closely allied to Awiothella catenata comes from 100-212

fathoms off Anticosti (1871); A, No. 6, 1872, 30 fathoms

in Gaspé Bay; and Nos. 37-42, 1873.

Nicomache (?) canadensis.

Dredged off Port Hood, Cape Breton, and other parts of

the Gulf of St. Lawrence by Dr. Whiteaves in 1873, at a

depth of 175 fathoms.

The anterior end (Pl. IT. fig. 4) of this large form is

obliquely truncated and marked by a prominent ridge like a

nose in lateral view, and this roughly distinguishes it at first

sight from the large northern examples of Nicomache lumbri-

calis. When seen antero-posteriorly the cephalic ridge

starts posteriorly from a transverse furrow, narrows a little

as it passes downward and forward to terminate in the

pre-oral arch of the snout. The nuchal groove on each side

begins a little in front of the posterior end of the ridge,

keeps closely to its edge, and turns rather abruptly outward,

and becomes lost on the surface. The curve is quite

different therefore from that of N. lumbricalis from Finmark

or other northern area, and besides the flatness of the slight

elevation between them in the northern form is diagnostic

(Pl. II. fig. 8), for in the latter the curve is bold and rounded,

as it also is in Nicomache maculata,

The mouth (Pl. 11. fig. 5) opens just behind the posterior

border of the snout as a puckered orifice with a transverse

line posteriorly, and having a wrinkled area between the

latter and the depressed groove bounding the peristomium

posteriorly.

120 Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the

The body is one of the largest in the group, measuring

about 250mm., broader in front, nearly cylindrical throughout

the greater part of its extent, and only tapering a little

toward the posterior end. In spirit the peristomium is

marked by transverse wrinkles, the most posterior of which

pass to the ventral surface and form a depressed band or

groove a short distance behind the mouth. On the ventral

surface a deep groove commences behind the transverse line

just indicated, and is continued to the posterior end, where

it ceases at the terminal cup. This groove is bounded by

the rounded and prominent elevations of the ventral longi-

tudinal muscles, which are likewise marked off on each side

dorsally by a longitudinal groove, which is a continuation of

the depression running backward from the median cephalic

region. ‘The first three segments bear simple bristles which

form a short vertical tuft above and slightly in front of the

simple spines in thesesegments. The spines (PI. ILI. fig. 9)

are powerful, simple, and nearly straight structures, and

usually occur singly, though two may be found in the middle

segment, whilst in another example the first and second on

one side may be double, the rest single. The tips of the

spines are often truncated from abrasion, as in the figure.

These three segments are differentiated by the fact that the

anterior edge ensheaths that in front, though this condition

is rudimentary in the first. A glandular area surrounds the

bristle-tuft and spine (the representatives of the foot), and

they le in the middle of each segment. The fourth bristled

segment is about the same length as the foregoing, and its

glandular anterior edge likewise ensheaths the segment in

front. It presents a dorsal bristle-tuft in the line of the

lateral groove and the spines in front, and a prominent

crescentic pad bearing hooks which have long, slightly

curved, and striated shafts gently tapering from the shoulder

to the base, whilst the posterior edge or neck above the

shoulder is concave and the anterior slightly convex, the

throat being devoid of hairs. The great fang leaves the

neck at more than a right angle, and two curved teeth occur

on the crown, which has below it a posterior convexity boldly

striated internally. When viewed antero-posteriorly the

distal part is narrowed above the shoulder, slightly increases

in diameter at the striated region beyond, whilst the crown

beyond the main fang isa short blunt cone. The axis is

straight in such a view. These bristles and hooks occur a

little in front of the middle of the segment, the lower border

of the uncinigerous row touching the ventral edge. The

fifth bristled segment is somewhat longer than the fourth,

Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 121

and its glandular anterior edge ensheaths the latter. The

foot has moved forward so as to be considerably in front of

the middle of the segment, and whilst the bristle-tuft

remains in the lateral groove, the unciuigerous pad has so

increased in size that one half lies on the ventral surface.

The sixth bristled segment is fully a third longer than

that in front, and the foot has moved forward, lying

immediately behind the white glandular belt, which partly

ensheaths the preceding segment. The bristle-tuit retains

the same position, but the uncinigerous pad stretches further

inward on the ventral surface, the inner edges thus being

nearer. The hooks (PI. III. fig. 6) in these offer no note-

worthy point of distinction from those of the fourth bristled

segment. Posteriorly this segment is not distinguished

from its successor by a glandular belt and collar, the foot

with its bristle-tuft and uncinigerous pad alone indicating

the segment, and the transverse elongation of the hook-pads

has brought their inner edges still closer. The hook-pad,

moreover, forms a more elevated ridge, so that the armature

boldly projects, and the succeeding feet show similar features,

though the hook-ridges gradually come nearer each other in

the mid-ventral line as they attain full development. The

specimens available for minute description were incomplete,

so that the exact number of bristled segments is uncertain,

but it probably is twenty-two or twenty-three. The last

two present a slight change, in so far as the bristle-tuft is

above the lateral groove, the hook-ridges are less elevated

and shorter, and have a larger median interval, the last being

separated by a larger interval than its predecessor. In these

the median ventral groove shows an opaque white line, which

can be traced backward to the edge of the anal funnel. The

articulation between these short segments differs, for dorsally

a lozenge-shaped area at the junction is occupied by a trans-

versely ringed belt, which is continued ventrally. ‘nese

segments are followed by two narrow unarmed rings without

the dorsal groove present in the two preceding segments,

but with a shallow lateral groove on each side, and the

opaque mid-ventral line. A constriction separates the base

of the funnel from the preceding, the opaque ventral line

passing into the groove and along the funnel to terminate at

the mid-fissure of the two ventral cirri. The ventral outline

of the cup is slightly longer than the dorsal and forms a less

angle with the axis of the body. ach cirrus forms a low

cone with a terminal process or papilla, and there are fifteen

of nearly equal size. On the inner or posterior surface each

is separated from its neighbour by a line which converges to

122 Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the

the central anus at the bottom of the funnel, the aperture

being thus surrounded by a regular series of folds. The

gut was filled with the reddish mud amongst which the

animal dwells, and the massive tube was formed of the same

material with secretion.

The tubes are massive, like those of Maldane sarsi, and

composed of mud lined by secretion.

A fragmentary Jsocirrus? which was dredged by Dr.

Whiteaves in 1872, in 125 fathoms off Capa Rosier, Gulf of

St. Lawrence, Canada, appears to agree with the Isocirrus D

in the structure of the hooks. The presence of the anterior

end, however, shows certain differences which call for

remark. The anterior end is characterized by its obliquity,

the cephalic plate commencing far back dorsally, and

sloping gently to the median frontal process, which is short

and broad. The rim is not much developed, and instead of

a notch has a lateral fold behind, which the unbroken margin

has a tendency to fold inward on the plate. Nearly

opposite the lateral incurvation of the rim a furrow passes

transversely inward to the keel, which is chiefly developed

in front of it, though there is a trace behind it. The keel

dilates a little behind the mid-frontal process which it joins.

The nuchal grooves pass forward by the sides of the keel,

and debouch at each side of the mid-frontal process. The

surface of the cephalic plate behind the transverse furrows is

marked by transverse lines, ‘The mouth is partially open as

an ovoid area, having in the centre two lateral processes of

the proboscis with a longitudinal slit between them.

The first segment is short, though a tuft of bristles of the

two kinds is present, but no spine could be seen on either

side. The second foot bears a short row of hooks which

agree with the typical form, except that the gular bristles

seem to be absent. The third and fourth also has well-

developed hooks and bristles. The intestine of this form

contained fine greyish mud in which were diatoms, radio-

larians, and other débris.

A form (Pravillella collaris, Claparéde) dredged off Orphan

Bank, Gulf of St. Lawrence, in 1873, differs from

Prazillella pretermissa in the structure of the cephalic plate.

Thus the central anterior process is thicker and more

rounded than in the species mentioned ; the rim between it

and the lateral notch is more prominent in comparison with

the posterior border, which, moreover, is crenate and has

no median notch. The crenations are broad and blunt in

Galty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 123

some, narrower in others. The median keel which runs

backward from the central process is, perhaps, scarcely so

long as in P. pretermissa, but the nuchal grooves are deeper

and they run forward to the edge on each side of the median

process. No trace of eyes is present. The proboscis forms

a smooth ovoid mass in extrusion, and, so far as could be

observed, is devoid of papillz.

The body, which in the examples seemed to reach about

40 mm., somewhat resembles that of P. pretermissa, yet it is

easily distinguished by the presence of a distinct collar at

the fourth bristled segment, which ensheaths the posterior

part of the third segment. It has a shallow notch on the

median line dorsally, or occasionally a similar notch appears

in the mid-ventral line. The number of segments is nineteen,

and the last five bristle-bearing segments are somewhat urn-

shaped, the dilated posterior end of each—from the elevations

for the rows of hooks—corresponding to the lip of the urn.

The median ventral streak is elevated as a ridge, which pro-

jects as a low cone at the border of the cicatrix formed after

rupture. The two terminal segments are devoid of bristles,

the anal funnel projecting like a vase from the prominent

rim of the adjoming segment at its base. The number of

the cirri on the edge varies a little, twenty to twenty-one or

thereabout ; in the former case one being double. The

cirri or processes of the rim are of moderate length and have

the shape of elongated blunt cones, one occasionally being

shorter than the others, or a broad one is bifid at the tip.

Reproduction of the tail readily occurs, the terminal funnel

beivg well formed, though small, at an early stage. Its

cirri increase in number as it develops.

The bristles are similar to those of P. pretermissa, viz., a

group of stronger forms with tapered tips and distinct wings

and a group of more delicate bristles with only a trace of

wings. No barbs occur on the tips of either. The hooks

of the first bristled segment (PI. III. fig. 7) are distinguished

by their great length and comparatively slight curvature.

The shoulder is fairly marked and the neck short. The

great fang is largely developed and stands straight out, and

the teeth on the crown behind form a flattened surface so

different from the posterior hooks. Those of the second

segment have a similarly flattened crown (four or five

teeth), but the shafts are somewhat shorter. In both the

hooks are few in number. In the fourth bristled segment

the crown of the hook is higher, three or four prominent

teeth being visible, whilst the great fang is curved down-

ward at less than a right angle. The shoulder is better

marked, and the shaft shorter and more distinctly curved.

124 Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the

In the middle segments the shaft and the crown of the

hook are about equal in length, the former increasing from

the narrow base to the broad shoulder, beyond which it is

very markedly constricted (PI. III. fig. 8). It then curves

forward and again backward—dilating in its progress to the

crown, which is very high and has five distinct teeth above

the great fang, which curves downward at considerably less

than a right angle to theneck. So far as could be observed,

no gular bristles occur in this species. The neck has oblique

strie internally, and longitudinal strie are in the upper

region of the shaft. In the posterior segments the crowns

of the hooks are perhaps a little less elevated, but four or

five teeth are still visible. The tube is free, composed of

secretion coated with reddish mud.

This form differs from Prazillella afinis, Sars, in the rim

of the cephalic plate, which in the latter is “nach hinten

zu fast geschieden,” whilst in both the nuchal organ is long.

Eyes are present in Sars’s species, absent in this. The pro-

boscis is smooth, whereas in P. affinis it has papille. The

number of bristled segments, of unarmed caudal segments,

absence of gular bristles in the hooks, and the structure of

the bristles also diverge.

Claparéde (1868) describes his Prawilla collaris as having

a cephalic lobe with a large “ collar,’ by which he means

the rim, the anterior end of the ridge projecting far forward

like a conical prow. The vascular rings extend from the

fifth to the ninth segment. The hooks of the first three

segments differ from the others. There is nothing in this

to connect it with the present form, except that he says the

fifth segment is shorter than those in front and behind, but

it is also larger. It bears two vascular bands (ceintures).

He says nothing about ensheathing, nor does his figure show

this.

No species of the family is more abundant in the Gulf of

St. Lawrence than Maldane sarsi, Malmgren, which swarms

in the greyish mud of Gaspé Bay, and on similar ground in

125 fathoms off Cape Rosier. In regard to size, moreover,

some of the examples exceed any of those mentioned by

Arwidsson in his excellent treatise on the Scandinavian and

Arctic forms. Thus one from Station 9, 1873, is over

90 mm. in length, and yet a portion of the anterior end and

the cephalic plate are absent.

The cephalic plate is very uniform in structure throughout

the series, and corresponds with Arwidsson’s figures *, the

* Skandin, u. arktischen Maldan. Taf. vi. figs. 194 & 197,

Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 125

general form being somewhat ovoid, with the posterior edge

more rounded and elevated into a collar, which curves in-

ward at the notch on the border about a third forward.

Bending outward from the front of the notch it passes for-

ward, then flattens outward as it approaches the nuchal

organs, the furrow from each of which runs to a slight

notch in the margin, the thin plate being continued forward

in the median line as a bluntly conical process above the

mouth. A little within (7. e., in front of the collar posteriorly)

a prominent median ridge, with a converging oblique muscle

on each side, curves upward and passes forward to the thin

conical anterior plate, upon which it is lost. In some the

ridge is distinctly notched in lateral view. On each side of

its base anteriorly are the nuchal grooves, a line from which

passes to the notch on the margin. In the majority of

specimens slight grooves, which run obliquely forward and

outward from the median ridge, give a resemblance to a leaf

with its midrib and veins. ‘The mouth opens a short

distance behind the anterior border of the cephalic plate,

and appears as a puckered dimple, often with a groove in

front in ordinary preparations, which often have the snout

bent at an angle to the trunk, the mouth being thus carried

outward. The peristomial segment is covered dorsally by

the cephalic plate and is thus pushed ventrally. It bears no

bristles or hooks.

The body is continued behind the cephalic plate as a more

or less cylindrical region, though much depends on its pre-

paration. Thus some removed from their tubes are quite

evlindrical, whilst others, killed in the free condition, show

numerous segmental contractions and dilatations. Slight

diminution occurs just in front of the caudal disc when

viewed from above downward, but, on the other hand, a

distinct dorsal increase, terminating at the vent, is evident

in lateral view. The dorsum is generally convex throughout,

but the ventral surface is more or less flattened, especially

after the anterior fifth, where it is”ringed and marked by a

median line (nerve-cord), which toward the terminal fourth

is sunk in a groove, rising, however, toward the caudal

plate. The anus terminates dorsally at the end of a ridge,

and the margin is slightly crenate. Moreover, a separate

papilla just in front of the caudal plate aids in its closure.

Occasionally a prolapse of the gut occurs as a flask-shaped

hernia, with the narrow neck at the vent. In this the

circular and longitudinal fibres of the gut, as well as a thin

chitinous layer, are conspicuous. The caudal plate is slightly

oblique with regard to the axis of the body, sloping from

126 Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the

above slightly downward and forward. In large specimens

the most conspicuous rim is the ventral, which forms a

collar as far upward as the median notch on each side,

above which is a smooth edge, and then the ventral edge is

marked by about six crenations. Each of these is com-

paratively broad, with a dimple or depression in the middle

of the free edge. They are best seen in large examples.

It continues upward as a slightly oblique collar, which has a

tendency to be flattened out at the dorsal edge, where it is

also somewhat narrowed, though in a large example this is

not evident. The general shape is ovoid with a tendency to

a somewhat narrower dorsal end. A slight median ridge

occurs from the dorsal to the ventral edge, stopping short of

the collar in each case.

The peristomial segment has no feature of note except the

presence of a lateral furrow on each side, from the notch on

the cephalic plate. This groove passes backward to the

sixth bris‘le-series running above the glandular elevations

and hook-rows ; and in some it may be traced a little further

backward. The first bristle-bearing segment, like those

adjoining, is shorter than those in the centre of the body and

more deeply pigmented. Moreover, as Arwidsson has shown,

it is largely supplied with glands, and also has non-glandular

streaks. The bristles occur as a tuft on each side, and have

fairly stout shafts with a short wing distally on the tapering

tip (Pl. II. fig. 1), which is comparatively short and

peculiarly curved. This and the next five segments are

shorter than those in the middle of the body.

The following segment has a bristle-tuft and an elevated

pad or ridge with a short row of hooks, the elevation meeting

its fellow of the opposite side in the mid-ventral line. In

large examples, however, this ridge is less evident, the

whole ventral area being glandular, and the same occurs

with the third and fourth segments, the rows in these having

a gradually increasing number of hooks. The fifth and the

sixth segments likewise “have a thick glandular coating

ventrally and ventro-laterally, the Jong row of hooks and

the bristle-tuft in each being at the dorso-lateral edge. A

differentiated glandular area lies between the sixth and

seventh setigerous regions, the ventral surface being glandu-

lar as before. At the eighth the glandular area stretches

from the setigerous region of one side to the other, and thus

characterizes it, for the eighth segment has only a small

triangular patch in front, the ventral surface being devoid

of glands until the ninth setigerous area, which is glandular

ventrally and laterally up to the bristle-tuft. In the lateral

Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 127

region, between the eighth and ninth setigerous region, is a

transv ersely striated glandular band as between the seventh

and eighth segments, and this band continues to the last

setigerous process. In the large examples the glandular

setigerous region at each side is connected by a ventral band

of the same tissue, and often an accessory central piece

behind it, but toward the tail these are less marked. Two

elevations on each side in front of the caudal plate have no

hooks or bristles, but they seem to be glandular.

The bristles project from the dorsal end of each row of

hooks, and consist of two groups, viz., an anterior with a

marked curve after the appearance of the wing (PI. III. fig. 2)

and with a finely tapered tip, and a posterior group which

in the first foot have a similar shaft with a straight tip, with

narrow wings and a few distinct spikes on the finely tapered

extremity (Pl. III. fig. 3). In the next bristled segment

(second) the anterior bristles with the curved tips and broad

wings have the tapering tips furnished with one or two

pairs of spikes which arise opposite each other. The long

posterior (or inner?) bristles have narrow wings with long

hair-like tips, the stronger series of which do not show

spines thereon. A more slender series, however, has the

very long hair-like extremity minutely and symmetrically

spinous. The succeeding feet present bristles with larger

and longer hair-like tips in both series, and these delicate

extremities are all similarly spinous, that is, the sides are

armed with symmetrical pairs of spikes. Toward the

posterior extremity, as in the last two bristled segments, the

bristles are very long, yet each group retains certain of the

characters observed in front ; the anterior series showing the

curvature of the tip, and both having long and attenuate

spinous prolongations, the posterior, however, far exceeding

the other in length. The hooks (PI. III. fig. 4) are charac-

terized by a long curved shaft which gently enlarges from

the base to the shoulder and is striated and tinted, The

tip is contracted beyond the shoulder, is paler, then gentiy

dilates to the neck and crown, the centre being also striated

longitudinally.- The great fang leaves the neck at somewhat

less than a right angle, and has a little below it a tuft of stiff

hairs, which often curve upward beyond the fang. The

great development of the spines behind the main fang makes

the crown broad, though only two spines can clearly be

made out in Jateral view. In antero-posterior view, in all

probability, additional points may be seen.

Arwidsson notes that the segmental organs extend from

the seventh to the ninth segment.

128 Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the

This author also gives a table showing the number of

hooks in the rows from the second to the nineteenth, and, so

far as can be judged, they seem to increase, as a rule, with

age and size. In the majority of the setigerous processes,

that is after the fourth, they are in a double row.

In various small examples a triangular shield-shaped

elevation occurred on the dorsum between the fifth and

sixth bristled segments, with the broad end in the front or

bold transverse folds. In large examples transverse folds

in this region are not infrequent: such appear to be due to

contraction in preparing.

The tubes are formed of greyish mud and are rounded

and generally cylindrical. They retain their shape in the

preparations, though when pressure is applied by the fingers

they readily crumble. Some present transverse elevations

or ridges, and arenaceous foraminifera are included in the

thick coating of mud over the central tube of tough

secretion. A few of the large tubes are much more con-

sistent, since small stones and tough secretions enter largely

into their structure, whilst others have a very firm (brittle)

outer layer of secretion and brown mud, whilst the thicker

interior layer is softer. Moreover, the tube may be slightly

moniliform with an enlarged ring toward one end, which

tapers to a thin termination, Such brownish moniliform

tubes are coated with grey mud, showing that either a

change of site or a selection of materials had been made,

unless it is to be supposed that the secretion affects the hue

of the mud. In a few, hard flinty grains cause the firm tube

to have a surface like sand-paper.

This is a northern form, abundant in the colder areas, but,

so far as known, it has not hitherto occurred in the British

area. <A variety (M. sarsi, var. antarctica) has recently

been described by Arwidsson *, from Graham’s Land, South

Georgia, and other parts of the Antarctic region; so that

the distribution of this species is noteworthy.

5. On the Maldanide procured by Canon Norman

in Norway.

The widely distributed Prazillella pretermissa, Malmgren,

eccurred at various stations, e.g. 38; a fragment of Praz-

illella gracilis, Sars, was also met with in Long Fjord, Kast

Finmark. Nicomache lumbricalis, O. ¥. M., came with frag-

ments of Aviothella from 301 and other stations; Pseudo-

clymene quadrilobata from Nos. 402 & 466; and Asychis

biceps from Station 44, 1879.

* Schwedischen Siidpol.-Exped. 1901-38, Bd. vi. 6, p. 82.

tel A

Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 129

Heteroclymene robusta ?, Arwidsson.

A fragment of the posterior end with the funnel was

dredged in Norway in 1879, Stations 33 & 34.

The anterior end of this form somewhat resembles

Pravillella, but the median frontal process is less, Two

lateral notches and a median posterior notch occur in the

border of the cephalic plate. There are nineteen bristled

segments and five unarmed posterior segments. The funnel

has a large number of cirri, most being conical and short,

but others long. Ina series Arwidsson gives from thirty short

and seven long to fifty short and five long, the latter, however,

sometimes reaching ten or twelve. In the present case there

are a total of thirty-five short and seven long. The stout

bristles have very narrow wings, and the tapered tips are

spinous, ‘The more slender—which Arwidsson seems to call

the posterior (“-hinterin ”’)—are still more distinctly spinous.

The hooks have curved shafts (Pl. III. fig. 5), boldly marked

shoulders, and rather long necks, the strong great fang

making nearly a right angle with the neck, and a small

interval occurring between its base and the gular bristles.

The moderately high crown has six to eight teeth—

Arwidsson says even ten.

From Norway also comes a dried form somewhat re-

sembling Aziothella, but the anal funnel appears to differ,

resembling rather that of Heteroclymene, having a large

number (about fifty-two) of smali conical teeth, with about

eight longer cirri at intervals. Moreover, the funnel is

finely grooved internally. The hooks have a high crown

with eight or nine teeth above the great fang, and ‘the gular

bristles arise close to the base of the latter and curve boldly

forward and upward.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES #*,

PLATE IT.

Fig. 1. Hook of Prazzillella A, Station 8. ‘Porcupine.’ x Zeiss oc. 4,

obj. D, with 2 in. draw-tube.

Fig. 2. Bristle of Prawillella near pretermsa, Bono Bay. xX oc. 4,

obj. D.

Fig. 3. Hook of Euclymene A, off Ireland. x oc. 4, obj. D.

Fig. 4. Lateral view of the anterior end of Neimacka C ) canadensis,

Somewhat enlarged.

Fig. 5, Ventral aspect of the snout showing the mouth. Somewhat

enlarged.

* I am indebted to the Carnegie Trust for artistic aid with these

Plates.

Ann, & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xi. 9

130 Mr. O. Thomas on some

Fig. 6. Funnel of the foregoing viewed laterally.

Fig. 7. Internal aspect of the same. Enlarged under a lens,

Fig. 8. Lateral aspect of the anterior end of Ncomache lumbricalis from

the ‘ Valorous’ Expedition to Greenland in 1875,

Fig. 9. Anterior end of Pravillella gracilis, with protruded proboscis,

from Canada. Enlarged.

Puate IIT.

Fig. 1. Bristle of the first foot of Maldane sarst. Xx Zeiss oc. 2,

obj. D.

Fig. 2. Winget bristle of the second foot with peculiar curvature.

x Zeiss oc. 4, obj. D.

Fig. 3. Spiked bristle of the same annelid. X Zeiss oc. 2, obj. D, with

draw-tuhbe.

Fig. 4. Hook of the foregoing. X Zeiss oc. 2, obj. D.

Fig. 5. Hook of Heteroclymene robusta. Norway. X Zeiss oc. 4, obj. D.

Fig. 6. Hook of Nicomache ? canadensis. X Zeiss oc. 2, obj. A.

. Hook of the first bristled segment of Praziilella collaris.

x Zeiss oc. 2, obj. D, with draw-tube.

Fig. 8. Typical hook of the foregoing (no gular bristles). x Zeiss oe. 4,

obj. D, with draw-tube.

Fig.9. Spine from the third segment of Micomache? canadensis.

x about 30 diam.

Fig. 10. Bristle from the second foot of the same form. x Zeiss oc. 4,

obj. D.

VIII.—On some rare Amazonian Mammals from the

Collection of the Para Museum. By OLDFIELD ‘l'HOMAS.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

By the kindness of the authorities of the Para Museum I

have again been permitted to examine some rare mammals

which have come into the possession of that institution either

from their collectors or from the Para Zoological Gardens,

which are kept in conjunction with the Museum.

Notable among these latter is the truly remarkable form,

intermediate between the monkeys and marmosets, described

as Callimico snethlageri by Ribeiro, and referred to below

under the heading of Callimico goeldit.

The new genus of bats—Cyttarops—is also a most inter-

esting discovery.

1. Callicebus remulus, Thos.

3.1. Cussary, south bank of Amazon between mouths of

Xingu and Tapajoz. Coll. O. Martins.

rare Amazonian Mammals. 131

3.12. Tamucury, same region, 2 hours distant by

canoe.

C. remulus was described in 1908 on a specimen from

Santarem presented in 1876 by Mr. Wickham, The present

exact record of the occurrence of the species is of value, as

Santarem might have been merely the place to which the

type had been brought from elsewhere. Now, however, it is

clear that the species occupies the area between the Amazon,

Xingu, and Tapajoz, at the north-western corner of which

Santarem is situated.

The new specimens agree with the type in all essential

respects.

2. Callimico goeldii, Thos.

?. Para Zoological Gardens. Type of Callimico sneth-

lagert, Ribeiro.

In the ‘ Brasilianische Rundschan’ for December 1911, p.21,

Dr. A. de Miranda Ribeiro, of Rio Janeiro, described a new

genus and species of monkey, Callimico snethlagert, which

he stated to be “ intermediate between Cadlicebus and Mico,”

on aspecimen then living in the Para Zoological Gardens.

This specimen has since died and has been sent over for

examination,

At the first glance it is evident that, as to the species, it is

identical with my “‘ Midas goeldit”’ described in 1904 * on a

specimen which had also been kept alive in the Para Gardens,

but of which the skull had unfortunately been mislaid, my

reference of the species to the genus Midas being avowedly

provisional,

Dr. Ribeiro formed his genus Callimico purely on the

external characters, which, whatever they may have appeared

on the living animal, are by no means very striking on the

skin ; and it has therefore been with much interest that I

have examined the skull of the present specimen.

This proves to be of extraordinary interest, for it seems to

show that Callimico is really intermediate between the two

great Neotropical families Cebide and Callitrichide, as

suggested by Dr. Ribeiro.

Externally the animal is like a marmoset, having similarly

Jong, curved, compressed claws and doubtfully opposable

pollex. It should, however, be noticed that the “nails” of

many Cebide, notably of Sa¢miri, are as compressed as in

the marmosets, the only difference being in their length.

On the other hand, the skull is provided with six cheek-

* Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xiy. p. 189 (1904),

ag os

182 Mr. O. Thomas on some’

teeth in each jaw, exactly as in the Cebide, while the

invariable formula of the Callitrichide is PM. > M. ;.

In its general shape the skull resembles that of a small

Saimiri, the brain-case being high and rounded and the

upper profile, from tip of nasals to occiput, evenly convex,

with no resemblance to the flattened forehead and prominent

brow-ridges of the marmosets. The orbits are not as slanting

as in Saimir?, more so than in Callithrix. Malar part of

zygoma broadly expanded vertically. Anterior part of base

of skull deeply concave between the pterygoids, with a narrow

mesial septum. Pterygoids shaped quite as in marmosets,

the ectopterygoid not so broadened as in most Cebide.

Lower jaw with the well-marked chin and comparatively

vertical incisors of the Cebidee instead of the slanted symphysis

and incisors of the marmosets. Coronoid and condylar pro-

cesses nearer together than in either of the related forms.

Molars, although less narrow, essentially of the triangular

type of those of marmosets, the internal cingulum well

developed, but with no distinct hypocone, the development of

this cusp being what causes the characteristic square form of

the molars of the Cebide and other monkeys, including man.

In Saimiri the cusp is less developed than in other Cebide,

but is nevertheless always present. Lower incisors and

canines of normal relative proportions, not specialized as in

the genus Callithria,

Callimico thus proves to be almost exactly intermediate

between the otherwise well-defined families Cebide and

Callitrichidee, and it is quite a doubtful question as to which

of them it should be referred to. On the whole, in spite of

its marmoset-like claws and the structure of its molars, | am

inclined to place it with the Cebide, of which it would form

a special subfamily.

We should thus get the following arrangement of the

New-World monkeys :—

A. Molars a Skull rounded, forehead not flat-

tened wks etaa) . tices setae hime ek Fam. Cebide.

a. Molars with hypocones. Digits with

shortened nails (often compressed) .... Subfam. Ceb:ne.

6. Molars triangular, without hypocones.

Digits with long claws .............. Subfam. Callimiconine.

B. Molars Skull with flattened forehead.

Molars triangular, without hypocones.

Digits with long claws ..............> . Fam. Callitrichide.

It is to be noted that the difference in structure between

molars with hypocones and those without is not so abrupt as

rare Amazonian Mammals. 133

it sounds, for there is almost a perfect series of gradations

from (1) the marmosets, which have no trace of hypocones,

through (2) Callimico, which hasa slight rise in the cingulum

that might be called a potential hypocone, to (3) Saimiri,

which has small and simple hypocones, and is itself again

separated from (4) Callicebus and other monkeys which have

complicated square molars with large hypocones and con-

necting commissures.

3. Centronycteris maximiliani, Fisch.

?. Utingu, near Para.

This is the first example of the typical Brazilian C. maat-

miliani (Vespertilio calearata, Wied, nec Rat.; C. wiedt,

Palmer) which I have had the opportunity of examining, as

the only specimen of Centronycterts that the British Museum

possessed, one from Panama, now proves to he separable (see

‘ Annals,’ December 1912, p. 638).

Members of the genus Centronycterts seem to be exceedingly

rare in collections, Wied’s type trom Espirito Santo, a female

from Peru in Berlin, and the above-mentioned specimens

from Para and Panama being the only ones of which I can

find any record.

4. Cormura brevirostris, Wagn.

Myropteryx pullus, Miller.

6.4; 2.5. Ananindena, near Para.

1 am not prepared to accept Mr. Miller’s separation * of

the Surinam bats collected by Kappler from Wagner’s

Cormura brevirostris, to which Peters, the author of the

genus Cormura, himself referred them.

By the great kindness of the authorities of the Berlin and

Vienna Museums I have been allowed to examine (1) two

(adult and immature) of the four specimens from Surinam

typical of Myropteryx pullus; (2) the original type ot Cor-

mura brevirostris, unfortunately now without skull; and

(3) the specimen from Baraneiva, Matto Grosso, referred by

Miller also to his Myropteryx pullus.

Although the loss of the skuil of the type of Cormura

brevirostris makes it impossible to be absolutely certain in

the matter, I have come to the conclusion that, at least for

the present, these various specimens should all be referred to

a single form.

Miller’s chief reason for distinguishing Myropteryx was its

* P. Biol. Soc. Wash. xix. p. 59 (1906).

134 Mr. O. Thomas on some

asserted want of a hypocone to the molars; but although

the hypocone is low it appears to me fully as much developed

as it is in many specimens of Peropteryx, or, if it is smaller,

the difference is only in degree and not in kind. Perhaps

Mr. Miller’s examination was made before the skulls were as

completely cleaned as is now the case.

The only difference between Myropteryx and Cormura that

might result in the resuscitation of the former is in the shape

of the posterior palate, a point in which none of the specimens

I have seen really agree with Peters’s plate of Cormura.

But the slightest damage to the most delicate part of the tiny

skull, or even insufficient cleaning and consequent inexact

drawing *, might have resulted in such a figure as is published

by Peters, and I am therefore not prepared to consider this

point as of sufficient importance to counterbalance the other

evidences of identity.

A specimen of this same bat was obtained on the Rio

Inambari, Peru, by the late P. O. Simons, and two others at

Para by A. Robert.

While all the adult specimens of this bat have no basi-

sphenoid septum, as figured by Peters, it is worthy of remark

that the immature example received from Berlin has a well-

marked septum. Whether this is due to youth or is an

individual abnormality I am not at present able to say.

5. Cyttarops alecto, gen. et sp. nn.

g.10. Mocajatuba, near Para, 10th May, 1912. Coll.

F. Lima. B.M. no. 12.11.4.5. Type.

“ Caught in garden.”

Cyrrarors, gen. nov. (Hmballonuride—Diclidurine.)

Colour normal. Tail without terminal modification, its tip

just projecting on the upper surface of the interfemoral,

Skull not so highly modified as in Diclidurus, the muzzle

net bent upwards ; a frontal cup present, but its boundaries

and the junction of its floor and walls less sharply angular.

Slender postorbital processes present. Palate ending opposite

last molar. Basisplenoid pit barely defined, practivally con-

tinuous with roof of mesopterygoid fossa, not divided by a

mesial septum. Tibia grooved on plantar aspect, as in

Diclidurus.

Dentition practically as in Dielidurus. Canines without,

but incisors with, a supplementary terminal posterior cusp.

* Possibly worked up from a specimen of Peropteryz.

rare Amazonian Mammals. 133

Posterior lower premolar * contracted antero-posteriorly, the

two premolars crushed between the canine and first molar.

Type :—

Cyttarops alecto, sp. n.

General appearance that of a medium-sized Saccopteryx or

Peropteryx.

Fur rather long, thin and loose; hairs of back about 6 mm.

in length. Colour above and below uniform dull smoky grey,

a little browner than Ridgway’s ‘ mouse-grey”’; the bases

of the hairs inconspicuously paler than the tips on the fore-

back, darker on the hind-back. Membranes naked, except

that the median proximal portion of the interfemoral is more

or less hairy. Ears of medium length, broadly rounded, a

hair-covered ridge running up the thin anterior surface to the

tip, cutting off their anterior third; front edge strongly

convex, tip rounded, outer margin convex. ‘Tragus very

remarkable in shape, its inner edge of medium length,

straight, inner terminal corner angular, outer rounded ; lower

half of outer margin oceupied by a proportionally enormous

angular lobe, no such lobe being known in any other bat, the

most similar being that on the inner side of the tragus in

Meguderma. Wings to the outer side of the tarsus. Calcar

long, without postealcareal lobule.

Skull and teeth as defined above.

Dimensions of the type (the starred measurements taken in

the flesh by the collector) :—

Forearm 46 mm.

Head and body *50; tail *20; hind foot *8; ear 10;

tragus on inner edge 2°8 ; third finger, metacarpal 4°5, first

phalanx 9°5; lower leg and foot (c. u.) 273 calear 15.

Skull: greatest length 12°6; basi-sinual length 10-1;

zygomatic breadth 8; interorbital breadth 4°5; length of

postorbital process 2°5; intertemporal breadth 3-7 ; breadth

of brain-case 7 ; height of brain-case from between bulle 5°6;

palato-sinual length 3:1; breadth between outer corners of

m? 6; front of canine to back of m? 5:5.

Hab. of type as above. Another specimen from British

Guiana.

‘This bat forms a most remarkable and interesting discovery,

owing to its relationship to the aberrant Dielidurus, which it

tends to connect with the ordinary members of the Emballo-

nuride. In appearance it is just like an average sac-wing

* This tooth is peculiarly abnormal on both sides in the type, the

above description being based on Mr. McConnell’s specimen.

136 Mr. O. Thomas on

bat, such as Peropteryx, but closer study shows that it is

unquestionably related to Déclidurus, with which it shares

the peculiar frontal cup and grooved tibia. I have been able

to find no trace of an antebrachial sac, nor of any caudal

modification, but spirit-specimens will be necessary before

the absence of these or other analogous characters can be

verified,

The first discovery of this bat is to be credited to Mr. F. V.

McConnell, who presented in 1908 an example obtained on

the Mazaruni River, British Guiana, by his collector Cozier.

Owing, however, to the specimen being an imperfect skin,

with just the front of the jaws dried in it, it was put away in

the collection as a ‘ Saccopteryx,”’ to some members of which

group Cyttarops has so strong a resemblance.

Imperfect as it is, this specimen, which was recognized by

the unique shape of its tragus, has, however, now been useful

in checking some of the characters observed in the Para

example, and notably in its indication that the lower pre-

molars of the latter are abnormal in structure.

It is to be noticed that in his description of ‘“ Vespertalio

caninus”? Wied states that ‘ Der Schadel hat zwischen den

Augen einen tiefen Eindruck,” which suggests the frontal

cup of Cyttarops. But, besides the fact that Peters examined

the type, the figure of the tragus in the ‘ Abbildungen” is

sufficient to prove that Wied’s bat was really a Peropterya.

6. Holochilus nanus, Thos.

9. Para.

This rare dwarf species of Holochilus was described in i897

on a specimen from the island of Marajé sent to me by

Dr. Goeldi.

IX.—On small Mammals collected in Jujuy by

Sefor EL. Budin. By OLDFIELD THOMAS.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

By the kind assistance of the Hon. N. Charles Rothschild,

the British Museum has received as a donation a collection

of small mammals made by Senor HK. Budin during March

and April 1912 in Central Jujuy, North Argentina, a region

from which but few mammals had previously been obtained.

Unfortunately Sefior Budin’s notes on the localities have

small Mammals from Jujuy. 137

hot come to hand, but it appears from the labels that the

specimens were collected at (1) Maimara, 2230 m., and

(2) Cerro de Lagunita, EK. of Maimara, 4500 m., both places

being situated near Umahuaca (or Humaluaca), in the centre

of the province of Jujuy.

A study of this collection reveals a very striking similarity

between the fauna of Jujuy and that of the Eastern Bolivian

highlands for some four hundred miles further north. For

the general facies of the collection is very like that of the

sefies obtained by the late P. O. Simons in the country

round Cochabamba *, quite a number of the species being

absolutely identical, and a very similar fauna extends north-

westwards at least as far as La Paz.

The collection contains fifty-four specimens belonging to

fourteen species and subspecies, of which five are new.

Some notes by Sehor Budin on the habits and native names

of the species are inserted below.

1. Conepatus ajaa, sp. n.

@. 21,42. Maimara. 2230 m.

C. rex group.

Fur not specially rich. Direction of hairs on nape

variable, running forwards in two specimens and backwards

in the other three. White marking consisting of a long

narrow oblong from the nape to the middle of the back,

slightly forked posteriorly, and divided anteriorly by two or

three median black spots or lines, together forming a broken

line corresponding to the strong continuous median black

Jine found in most of the allied species. No white on

posterior back or base of tail ; terminal half of tail consisting

of a mixture of black and white hairs.

Skull smaller than in C. chorensis, larger than in C. porcinus.

Last molar decidedly small.

Dimensions of the type :—

Head and body 370 mm.; tail 200; hind foot 67;

ear 30.

Skull: condylo-basal length 71; lambda to gnathion 77 ;

greatest breadth 47 ; interorbital breadth 24; intertemporal

breadth 18°5; mastoid breadth 41; palatal length 30-5;

breadth between outer corners of m! 27-5; front of canine to

back of molar 23; m! 9°2x 9.

Hab. Jujuy and Salta, N. Argentine. Type from Mai-

mara, Jujuy.

: * Cf. Thos. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) ix.-pp. 125 & 222, Feb, & Mar,

902,

138 Mr. O. Thomas on

Type. Adult male. B.M. no, 12.12.12.1. Original

number 21. Collected 12th March, 1912.

Besides the two specimens of this species obtained by

Sr. Budin, there are in the Museum three skunks from

Cachi, Salta, collected by Herr J. Steinbach, two at least of

which are clearly referable to the same form. The third is

much more extensively marked with white, but is probably

only one of the aberrations which have to be set aside in

studying this difficult and variable group.

2. Mus musculus, L.

do. O2; 35, 305 9. 34; ,Maimara,. 2300 m:

“Caught in meadows far from houses, in thorn hedges.

Not common, either in fields or houses.’”’—F. B.

3. Eligmodontia laucha musculina, subsp. n.

eo. 42, 13,18 ¢9 2 4596.7 Marmara .2250an.

Very similar to 8. Argentine Z. laucha, but larger.

General colour above rather paler, drab-grey ; under surface

rreyish white, with a slight diabby tinge. White post-

orbital patch less conspicuous.

Skull decidedly larger than is normal in £. laucha, though

unusually large examples of the latter may just attain the

size of small specimens of H./. musculina. Supraorbital

edges unbeaded, as in daucha, those of #. callosa having

distinct beads.

Dimensions of the type (measured in flesh by collector) :-—

Head and body 100 mm.; tail 98; hind foot 21;

ear 16.

Skull: greatest length 26 ; condylo-incisive length 23°5 ;

zygomatic breadth 13°8 ; nasals 11°3 ; interorbital breadth 4 ;

breadth of brain-case 11:1; palatilar length 10°8 ; palatal

foramen 5°9 ; upper molar series 3°6.

Hab, As above.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 12.12.12.9. Original

number 18. Collected 12th March, 1912.

I have been in some doubt as to whether this mouse ought

not to be called a separate species, as its skull is so much

larger than that of ordinary Buenos Aires specimens of

E. laucha. But both forms seem to vary a good deal in

size, while there are no other distinctions of importance, and

therefore it may, for the present, be attached to £. laucha

in order to emphasize its difference from the still larger

E. callosa, in which supraorbital beads are developed in old

examples.

small Mammals from Jujuy. 139

Sr. Budin’s skins of this mouse are unfortunately somewhat

overstretched, so that at first sight the animal appears to be

fully as large as EZ. callosa, but this impression is corrected

by the skulls.

4, Phyllotis wolffsohni, Thos.

dg. 43; 9. 1, 5,7,11,17. Maimara. 2230 m.

Closely similar to the typical specimens from ‘T'apacari,

near Cochabamba, some 400 miles north of the present

locality,

5. Phyllotis arenarius, Thos.

3d. 55. Cerro de Lagunita, E. of Maimara. 4500 m.

In determining these specimens of Phyl/otis, and studying

the characters of the allied genera Phyllotis and Eligmo-

dontia, the following species has proved to need de-

scription :—

Phyllotis elegantulus, sp. n.

A small species allied to Ph. amicus, but with shorter

tail.

Size and general characters about as in Ph. amicus.

Colour somewhat modified on the specimen skinned out of

spirit, but apparently as in Ph. amicus ; the upper surface

drabby grey, the under surface white with the bases of the

hairs slaty. Feet slender, with naked soles, as in amicus.

Tail conspicuously shorter than in that species, brown above,

whitish on sides and below.

Skull of about the same size as in Ph. amicus, but readily

distinguishable by the interorbital region being more evenly

contracted, the narrowest point at about the middle of the

frontals, instead of the posterior part being much broader

than the anterior. Supraorbital edges smoothly square, not

beaded. Bulle rather smaller than in amicus.

Dimensions of the type (measured on the skin) :—

Head and body 92 mm. ; tail (vertebrae in situ) 70; hind

foot 21 ; ear 17.

Skull: greatest length 27; condylo-incisive length 23:2 ;

zygomatic breadth 2°5 ; nasals 11; interorbital breadth 4 ;

palatilar length 11°7 ; palatal foramina 6°4; upper molar

series 4.

Hab. Pallatanga, Ecuador.

Type. Old male. B.M.no.7.1.1.118. Collected in 1859

by L. Fraser. Received with the Tomes collection.

This is Tomes’s “ Hesperomys elegans, Waterh.,” of his

paper on the Fraser mammals, P. Z. 8. 1860, p. 213, but is

140 Mr. O. Thomas on

obviously not Waterhouse’s species of that name. The

specimen had hitherto been taken for an Hligmodontia, but a

renewed examination shows that it is a Phyllotis allied to

Ph. amicus, and distinguishable by the characters described

above.

6. Andinomys edax, Thos.

o«: 10, 23, 26, 28; 413,443 9. 9; 20... Maimara:

2230 m.

2. 59. Cerro de Lagunita, Maimara. 4500 m.

This distinct rat had previously only been obtained by

P. O. Simons, who got examples at La Paz and the neigh-

bourhood of Potosi. The mammary formula proves to be

2—2=85.

“Lives in the branches of trees, where it makes its

nest.’—H, B.

7. Akodon jucundus, sp. n.

9. 46. Cerro de la Lagunita, EK. of Maimara. 4500 m.

27th March, 1912. B.M. no. 12.12.12.12. Type.

A medium-sized pale buffy species, with very small

teeth.

Size rather less than in A. albiventer. Fur rather long ;

hairs of back about 10 mm.inlength. General colour above

pale buffy clay-colour, very much as in A. andinus, paler on

the head, richest on the back ; sides and under surface paler

clay-colour (about as in A. spegazzinit), the bases of the

hairs slaty as usual. LHars short, hairy, dark greyish, an

inconspicuous whitish patch behind them. Hands and feet .

dull buffy whitish, the claws of normal length. ‘Tail grizzled

with black and greyish above, buffy whitish on sides and

below.

Skull considerably smaller than that of either A. andinus

or albiventer, about as in A. puer, low, smooth, rounded, with

broad unbeaded interorbital region. Bulle proportionally

rather large. Molars very small, conspicuously smaller than

in any of the allied species.

Dimensions of the type (measured by collector) :—

Head and body 90 mm. ; tail 62; hind foot 20; ear 15.

Skull: greatest length 23°8; condylo-incisive length 22 ;

zygomatic breadth 12°3; nasals 9°5 ; interorbital breadth

4-1; breadth of brain-case 11:3; palatilar length 9-7;

yalatal foramina 5°6; upper molar series 3°3.

Hab. and Type as above.

This pale buffy-bellied Akodon is very like A. andinus,

Philippi, externally, but its skull and teeth are markedly

smaller than in the more southern species.

small Mammals from Jujuy. 141

8. Akodon albiventer, Thos.

@. 52. Laguna, Durazno, Maimara, 4500 m.

o. 56,61; ¢. 58. Cerro de la Lagunita, E. of Mai-

mara. 4500 m.

‘Type locality, Lower Cachi, Salta (C. Spegazetni).

Specimens also received from Challapata and Potosi, Bolivia °

(P. O. Simons). Evidently the common Akodon of the

“ Octodontomys area.”

9. Akodon bacchante sodalis, subsp. n.

3. 47,54, 60; 9.49. Cerro de la Lagunita, E. of

Maimara. 4500 m.

Similar to true bacchante in all essential characters, but

rather paler throughout. Upper surface olive-grey, without

the somewhat bistre tone of bacchante. Under surface more

prominently white, the inguinal region snowy white. Hands

white, the metacarpals scarcely tinged with fulvous. Feet

lighter fulvous than in bacchante, the toes white or whitish.

Dimensions of the type :—

Head and body 115 mm.; tail 85; hind foot 25;

ear 20.

Skull : greatest length 29°5 ; condylo-incisive length 26°8 ;

zygomatic breadth 14:5; nasals 12°3 ; interorbital breadth

4:7; palatilar length 12-2; palatal foramina 7 ; upper molar

series 4°3,

Hab. as above.

Type. Old male. B.M..no. 12.12.12.19. Original

number 60. Collected 11th April, 1912.

The type of A. bacchante having been collected out of the

* Octodontomys area,’ at Choro, in the Securé Amazonian

watershed, it is not surprising that its Jujuy relative proves

to be subspecifically separable.

“ Inhabits the high ground where the Vizcachas are found.

But little common, and quite unknown to the inhabitants.

Not strictly nocturnal, coming out for food about sunrise.

Trapped with meat bait. Ordinarily lives on seeds.” —E. B,

10. Ctenomys budint, sp. n.

g. 48,53; 2. 50,51. Cerro de Lagunita, E. of Mai-

mara. 4500 m.

A brown Ctenomys, near C. frater.

Size rather larger than in C. frater. General colour above

pale vandy ke-brown, not unlike that of C. tucwmanus, darker

and richer than in C. frater. Muzzle and lips not darkened.

142 Mr. O. Thomas on

Under surface drab; axillary and inguinal white patches

present or absent. Chin and a darker area across chest

brown, separated from each other by an inconspicuous drabby

collar, Hands and feet drabby whitish. ‘Tail drabby or

brown above, rather lighter below.

Skull smaller than that of C. optimus, larger than in frater

and tucumanus. Nasals fairly broad, evenly narrowing back-

wards. Postorbital processes well marked. Interparietal

distinct in all four specimens, its front edge evenly convex,

its hinder edge more or less directly transverse. Bulle, in

shape and proportionate size, about as in C. tucumanus,

smaller than in opimus, not so peculiarly narrowed as in

frater. Ectocondylar processes of lower jaw scarcely

developed.

[ Besides these normal characters of the skull it should be

mentioned that there are, on both sides in three specimens

and on one in the fourth, small triangular supplementary

bones at the front edge of the parietals, bordering the frontals.

Presumably these extra bones are abnormal, but their nearly

constant presence in the four specimens of C. budini renders

them worthy of mention. ]

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :—

Head and body 210 mm. ; tail 68 ; hind foot 33.

Skull: greatest length 48°3 ; condylo-incisive length 49 ;

condylo-basal length 47°2 ; zygomatic breadth 31; nasals

17x 8:5; interorbital breadth 11°8; breadth across brain-

case behind zygomata 18°8 ; tympanic breadth 30 ; palatilar

length 22°2 ; upper tooth-series (alveoli) 10°2.

Hab. as above. .

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 12.12.12.37. Original

number 48. Collected Ist April, 1912.

This Tuco-tuco is most nearly allied to C. frater and

tucumanus, but is readily distinguishable from the former by

its more evenly swollen bulle, from the latter by its greater

size, and from both by its distinct interparietals. All four

skulls of C. budini have this bone large and clearly marked,

while it is absent in both skulls of C. frater and in four out

of five skulls of C. tucumanus, the fifth having a very small

one present.

Whether the peculiar extra fronto-parietal bones will

prove to be a normal character of the species remains to be

seen, but they may be simply a family character of the

individuals sent home.

I have had pleasure in naming this distinct species after

Sr. E. Budin, to whose labours this most excellent collection

is due.

small Mammals from Jujuy. 143

* Tos Tojos. Inhabit the sandy parts of the tops of the

rocky hillocks. Were captured in traps placed in the runs

made below the soil, but the bait used, potato or maize, was

not eaten. Come out of their burrows at sunrise and night-

fall. Not very common, living isolated in small families,”—

E. B

11. Octodontomys gliroides, Gerv. & d’Orb,

3. 38; 2. 30, 31, 37, 39. Maimara. 2600 m.

This is my Neoctodon simons?, in the description of which

I accidentally used a generic name preoccupied in beetles,

and, as to the species, was deceived by a figure of the teeth

of Octodon degus being put—without a word of explanation—

on the plate of “ Octodon gliroides,” so that I too rashly

supposed that the latter was really an Octodon.

This beautiful and conspicuous animal is by far the most

characteristic form of what I have therefore ventured to call

the ‘ Octodontomys area.” The type was obtained at

La Paz; Mr. Simons got specimens at Oruro, Challapata,

Livichuco, and Potosi, and Sr. Budin’s specimens show that

the species ranges into Central Jujuy.

“The ‘ Chozchori’ are found in the broken rocks of the

hills called ‘ Volcanoes,’ or in the walls built of rough stones.

Occur up to a height of 3000 m. Are not wild, and are

easily shot. Diurnal, seen everywhere in the early morning

and late afternoon. Common throughout the district of

Umahuaca.”—Z. B.

12. Viscaccta tucumana, Thos.

@. 24,29. Maimara. 2230 m.

3. 64. Cerro de Lagunita, EK. of Maimara. 4500, m.

13. Kerodon boliviensis, Waterh.

d. 223; 9. 3,14, 15, 25. Maimara. 2230 m.

“El Conejo. Common in rough and brambly ground :

does much harm to cultivation.” —E£.

14. Marmosa elegans pallidior, Thos.

d. 27, 36 (both immature). Maimara. 2230 m,

“ Local name ‘ Achocaya.’ ””—L. B.

idd Mr. O. Thomas on some Speciméns of

X.—On some Specimens of Glauconycteris from the

Cameroons. By OLpDFIELD THOMAS.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

AMONG some mammals from the Cameroons sent for deter-

mination by Prof. E. Lampe, of the Wiesbaden Museum,

there occur three examples of Glauconycteris, representing

three different species, one being new and the others of

sufficient interest to deserve some notice.

Specimens of this genus are somewhat rare in collections,

and any addition to our knowledge of them is very welcome.

The type of the new species and a selection of specimens

of the other mammals represented (ineluding Crocidura doli-

chura, Peters) have been generously ceded to the British

Museum by the authorities at Wiesbaden.

1. Glauconycteris argentatus, Dobs.

3. No. 23. Bibundi.

This fine species is distinguished from G‘. vartegatus and

papilio by its bicuspid * inner incisors and less conspicuously

marbled wings and interfemoral, in which, however, the

ordinary venations are particularly well marked. In colour

fresh skins show that the ends of the hairs are not grey, as

Dobson (describing from a spirit-specimen) stated, but pale

cinnamon or clay-colour.

The species ranges eastwards into British Hast Africa,

where three specimens were obtained during the Rudd Explo-

ration by Mr. R Kemp. Mr. Bates has collected it on the

Benito in French Congo, while the present specimen is

practically a topotype.

Chatinolobus congicus, Noack, from the Lower Congo,

would appear to be a synonym of G. argentatus.

2. Glauconycteris egeria, sp. n.

3. No. 22.. Bibundi. B.M. no. 12. 12.13.3. Type.

Brown-winged ; the ears very large.

Size about as in G. poensis, though the skull is longer.

General colour uniform dusky brown, not lighter below.

Membranes also all dark brown, the reticulations not specially

prominent. Ears much larger than in the allied species,

subquadrangular, the anterior basal lobule long, projecting

backwards ; anterior margin with its basal 6 mm. straight,

then strongly projecting forward, almost to an angle; the

* The figure in Dobson’s Catalogue is incorrect, though the type has

the secondary cusp less developed than usual,

Glauconycteris from the Cameroons. 149

upper half again straight; tip broadly rounded off; outer

edge straight above, convex below ; the outer basal lobe well

developed, rounded. Tragus fairly large, its inner edge

concave, outer convex; a well-developed angular external

basal lobule. Lobes at angles of mouth rather small. Wi ings

from the base of the toes. Calcar of medium length, a rudi-

‘mentary postcalcareal lobule present.

Skull large in proportion to the size of the animal,

brain-case of the usual swollen shape, though not re so

exaggerated an extent as in some species,

Inner upper incisors long, their distinct secondary cusp

near their tips. Outer incisors minute, their tips reaching

barely halfway to the secondary cusp of the inner pair.

Lower incisors not markedly overlapping.

Dimensions of the type (measured on the spirit-specimen) :—

Forearm 38 mm.

Head and body 43; tail 41; ear, from notch 13°3, from

anterior projecting angle 11; greatest breadth 13°5; tragus,

length on inner edge 4; third finger, metacarpus 36, first

phalanx 14:5; lower leg and foot (c. u.) 245 calear 15°5.

Skull: greatest length 13; basi-sinual length 10 ;

zygomatic breadth 9°2; interorbital breadth 3°8 ; breadth of

brain-case 7°5 ; palato-sinual length 5°3 ; front of canine to

back of m*4°5; front of p* to-back of m? 2:2; breadth between

outer corners of m? 5:5.

Hab. and Type as above.

This well-marked species is readily distinguishable from

the other two brown-winged Glauconycteris, G. poensis and

beatriz, by its much larger and less evenly rounded ears and

by the length of its skull, which is 13 mm. in length as

against 12 mm. in poensis and 11 mm. in beatriz.

Peters’s Vesperus kraussi, from Yoruba, Lagos, appears to

agree with G. poensis in all essential respects. Its locality

is almost identical, as the type of G. poensis came from the

Lower Niger, and not from Fernando Po *

3. Glauconycteris beatriz, Thos.

?. No. 30. Isongo, near Bibundi.

This, the smallest species of the genus, is distinguishable

from G. poensis by its short rounded skull, only 11 mm. in

length, and its shorter and differently shaped 7’.

The type was obtained on the Benito River, French

Congo, by Mr. G. L. Bates. Another specimen was ‘collected

in 1905 at Entebbi, Uganda, by Mr. E. Degen, and is now

in the British Museum.

* See Allen and Thomson, Exp. Niger, ii. p, 479 (1848),

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8, Vol, xi. 10

146 On a new Oribi from the Galla Country.

XI.—A new Oribi from the Galla Country to the North of

Lake Rudolf. By GILBerT BLAINE.

Ourebia gallarum, sp. 0.

An oribi of large size, with long wavy hair and no trace

of a dark patch on the forehead.

Colour of upper parts bright orange-fawn, richer along

the dorsal tine; the extremities of the hairs on the body

fading to cream, their bases being whitish. Forehead

orange-fawn, with no trace of a dusky patch between the

horns. Bases of the hairs on face, forehead, and down the

neck to the shoulders dusky grey, as in other oribis.

Skull very large and massive, characterized by the

remarkable development of the bridge across the rostrum in

front of the orbits and the consequent great convexity of the

facial profile. Nasals depressed. Preorbital fossee large and

dee

Hates short and stout, annulated at the bases only,

inclined strongly backw ards as in Q. montana.

Skull-measurements :—Greatest length 180 mm.;_ basal

length 152; breadth 84; length of nasals 67; length of

frontal suture 47; Sena diameter of orbits 32 ; palatal

length 95 ; upper dental series 52.

Hab. Lake Helene, one of a string of small lakes east of

the head-waters of the Omo River, and about 60 miles south

of Addis Abeba. .

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 6.11.1.58. Collected by

P. Zaphiro, and presented by Mr. W. N. McMillan in 1906.

(Described from a single specimen.)

Comparative Table of Skull-measurements, to differentiate

this Species from O. cottoni and O. montana.

O. gallarum. O. cottont. O. montana.

mm. mm. mm.

Greatest length .......:.006 180 ia 179

Base] length . ¢.0;o6see0be 152 145 156

Greatest breadth .......... 84 ich 77

Length of nasals .......... 67 61 wa

Length of frontal suture .... 47 50 46

Vertical diameter of orbits 32 30 32

Palatal length Vo. om aeisiats : 95 91 102

Upper dental series ,,...... 52 50 52

This oribi presents some very striking characters. In the

general shape and proportions of the skull it resembles the

A Revision of the Asilide of Australasia, 147

neighbouring species QO. cottond of the Guas n’gishu plateau,

but differs from that animal in the more backward - inclina-

tion of the horns, in this respect resembling O. montana.

The hair is of a brighter and richer shade than that of

cotton, and differs totally from the grizzled fawn of montana.

Its wavy texture is not unlike that of a reedbuck. The hair

on the body is from 30-40 mm. in length, whereas other

oribis have hair of an average length of 20 mm. and not

exceeding 30 mm.

The hoofs of this species are larger than those of either

cottont or montana. Unfortunately no accurate body-

measurements could be taken.

XIJ.—A Revision of the Asilidee of Australasia,

By Gerrrupe Ricarpo.

[Continued from vol. x. p. 360. }

Since the last part of this paper was published in the

‘ Annals’ in September 1912, Dr. Hermann, of Erlangen, has

sent me his monograph on the Laphrinz of South America,

in which, however, he includes some species from the Austra-

lasian Region. The monograph was published apparently in

the early part of last year, so that the names of his new

species will have priority over mine. The title of the work

is “‘ Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Stidamerikanischen Dipteren-

fauna,” published in Nova Acta Abh. der kaiserl. Leop.-

Carol. Deutschen Akademie der Naturforscher, Band xevi.

Pret.

He forms four new genera for species from Australia and

New Guinea (see p. 205), viz. Cenochromyia, Epaphroditus,

Adelodus, and Cyanonedys.

Cenochromyia comprises two new species only, from New

Guinea—C. xanthogaster and C. guttata (p.115). Epaphro-

ditus comprises Laphria placens, Wlk., from New Guinea

(p. 118). Adelodus (p. 124) comprises two new species from

Queensland and New South Wales, A. rufipes and dA. nigro-

ceruleus ; I have seen no examples of these.

Cyanonedys comprises three new species which I had placed

in the genus Clariola (see ‘ Annals,’ Sept. 1912, p. 357),

viz. Cyanonedys leucura (p. 133: my Clariola nigrescens) ;

Cyanonedys lugubris (p. 182: my Clariola aureafacies) ;

Cyanonedys hornii (p. 1383: my Clariola albohirta).

10*

148 Miss G. Ricardo—A Revision of

Atomosta, Macquart.

Dipt. Exot. i. p. 73 (1888).

Formed for species from America. No Australian species

has been described as belonging to this genus so far, though

one from New Guinea described by Walker under Laphria

is placed here by v. d. Wulp; but a new species from

Victoria appears to belong to this genus. I compared it

with the type of Atomosia affinis, Macq., from Brazil, in the

Paris Museum, and it appeared to agree with it in generic

characters.

The genus belongs to the group with no curved spine on

fore tibiz, and has the cross-veins closing the discal and

fourth posterior cells parallel.

Atomosia australis, ¢ 2, sp. u.

Types from Dandenong Ranges, Victoria.

A small blue-black species, with white-haired tibiz.

Wings shaded on the cross-veins.

Length 9 mm. (3), 8 mm. (? ).

Face with grey tomentum, brown in centre below the

antenne ; no tubercle present ; moustache consists of rather

long, weak, black hairs, reaching entirely over face as far as

the antennz ; one or two white hairs near the mouth (2) ;

in the ¢ the face is more widely brown and the moustache

consists of long yellow hairs below and black above. An-

tenne black, the first joimt quite twice as long as the second,

which is small, the third about one and a half times as long

as the first two, with no end-bristle, the first two joints with

black pubescence; back of head with long black hairs, beard

and pubescence on lower part of head white. Thorax

brownish, with short fulvous pubescence ; scutellwm similar,

with long weak bristles posteriorly. Abdomen blue-black,

shining, the same width throughout, finely punctuate ; sides

and apex with fine white pubescence; underside brown;

some black bristles at apex of abdomen. The male has the

abdomen somewhat darker, the genital organs distinctly

visible on the underside. Legs black, coxe reddish brown,

the femora with white hairs below, the tibize covered with

white pubescence on the upper side and with black bristles on

each border, the tarsi with black bristles and pubescence.

Wings clouded with brown on the cross-veins; the anterior

branch of third vein curved ; the subcostal cell closed in a

point, the first posterior and discal cell narrow, the second

and third wide, the fourth closed, the cross-vein closing it is

the Asilide of Australasia. 149

a little below the one which closes the discal cell ; the second

and third posterior cells are exactly above the discal and

fourth posterior cell. Halteres yellow.

Aphestia chalybea, Roder.

Stett. ent. Zeit. xlii. p. 886 (1881).

The type (a male) was described from Peak Downs,

Australia; no specimen in Brit. Mus, Coll. or Mr. French’s

Coll. The genus is distinguished by the long third joint of

antenne and by tke transverse veins closing the discal and

fourth posterior cell being in a line, Rdéder describes his

species as black. Face with white moustache and beard.

Abdomen copper-coloured at base, steel-blue shining on poste-

rior borders with white hairs; the remaining segments

shining copper-coloured. Legs steel-blue.

Length 7 lines.

Dr. Hermann suggests that this species may belong to his

new genus Adelodus :; see his remark, p. 125,

Nusa, Walker.

Dipt. Saund. i. p. 105 (1851).

Andrenosoma, Rond. Dipt. Ital. Prodrome, i. p. 160 (1856).

Elacotoma, A. Costa, Atti R. Accad, Napoli, 1. p. 49 (1863).

This genus is distinguished from Laphria by the closed or

almost closed first posterior cell of wing. Abdomen more or

less bare.

The only species recorded from Australia is Nusa tectamus,

Walker.

Nusa tectamus, Walker.

List Dipt. ii. p. 374 [ Laphria] (1849), et vii. Suppl. 3, p. 559 (1855) ;

Kertesz, Cat. Dipt. p. 195 | Laphria) (1909}.

Andrenosoma vidua, Bigot, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, (5) viii. p. 228 (1878).

Type (2) from Port Essington, Arnhem Land, N. Aus-

tralia (purchased from Mr. Gould), and a long series of males

and females from Queensland (Buncroft and Dodd}, and one

male from Victoria. Mr. Froggatt records it from Queens-

land.

A large blue-black species with grey pubescence on thorax

and base of abdomen and on legs. Wings clear, the first

posterior cell closed at border.

Length 22-25 mm.

Male.—Face covered with dirty grey tomentum, silvery

white at sides, and with long dirty grey hairs ; the tubercle,

150 Miss G. Ricardo—A Revision of

which is large and takes up the greater part of face, is

shining black in the middle and carries the moustache com-

posed of long black bristles. Palpi blackish, with black

bristly hairs, Beard whitish. Proboscis at base with long

whitish pubescence. Antenne blackish, the first jomt two-

thirds the length of the third joint, with white hairs and one

long reddish-brown bristle at its apex ; the second very short,

not half the length of the first, with a long black bristle

on each side; the third rather broad and flat, with no style.

Forehead and hind part of head with whitish pubescence.

Thorax blackish brown, with grey tomentum on shoulders

and continued as stripes median and lateral; the pubescence

on dorsum short, chiefly greyish, sides with longer hairs and

with three or more black bristles above the base of wings

and three weaker ones beyond; breast-sides with chiefly

long greyish pubescence. Scutellum with grey tomentum

and pubescence.

Abdomen metallic blue-black, the first two segments

covered. with long grey pubescence, which, however, does not

attain the posterior border of second segment; the other

segments bare; the anus with black hairs; sides of abdomen

with two black bristles on the first segment and one each

on the following four segments ; underside with long pubes-

cence black, except at the base, where it is greyish. Legs

blue-black, with long greyish hairs on the femora and tibie,

the tarsi armed with black bristles and a few bristly hairs ;

the posterior femora incrassate, with some stout black

bristles on the apical half, the middle femora with two at

the apex. Wings clear, veins brown, slightly shaded ; the

first posterior cell closed at border (in one male from Queens-

land it is almost open at the border and there is an

appendix present) ; fourth and fifth posterior cells closed, the

small transverse vein situated on the basal third of the discal

cell.

Female is similar, but the pubescence at base of abdomen

and on /egs is much less, and on the hind femora, which are

not so incrassate, it is largely black ; the ovipositor long and

pointed.

Andrenosoma vidua, Bigot, appears to me from the descrip-

tion to be identical with this species.

Marra, Schiner.

Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xvi. p. 673 (1866).

This genus comprises blue-black metallic species with

swollen hind femora, and all the legs, especially in the males,

the Asilidee of Australasia. 151

with long pubescence ; the head orbicular and much excised

behind ; the moustache confined, or almost so, to oral

opening. The genus is chiefly confined to the Oriental

and the Australasian Regious, but so far only three species

have been described from Australia, Tasmania, and New

Zealand.

The synonymy of some of the species is in the greatest

confusion, largely owing to the difficulty of identifying

Walker’s species from his descriptions. Below is given what

appears to be the correct synonymy for a few of the Walker

species from the Australasian Region (Australia and New

Zealand excepted) from examination of the types, but little

can be done till the genus is thoroughly monographed. The

species recorded from Australia and New Zealand are only

two :—

Maira wenea, Fabr., Syst. Antl. p. 161 [Laphria] (1805). See Kertesz’s

Cat. for full references.

Maira auribarbis, Macq., Dipt. Exot. Suppl. 3, p. 182 (1847), et Suppl. 4,

p- 875 (9) (1849).—Lophria consubrina, Proc. Linn. Soc. London,

li. p. 84 (1859); Bigot, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, (5) viii. p. 218

(1878) ; Kirby, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) xiii. p. 469 (1884).

Maira enea, Fabr.

A species widely distributed, recorded from New Zealand.

No specimens from there or from Australia are in the Brit.

Mus. Coll. or Mr. French’s Coll. JLaphria comes ¢ 2,

censors g, and replens 2, Walker (this latter is not a syno-

nym of Macra spectabilis, Guérin, as given in Kertesz’s Cat.),

are probably synonyms of this species.

There is one male in Brit. Mus. Coll. from New Hebrides.

Maira auribarbis, Macquart.

Laphria consobrina, Walker.

The male type was described from Java, and later Macquart

recorded a female from Australia.

The type is apparently lost.

Macquart placed it under Lumpria, a genus confined to

the American continent, with spines on underside of hind

femora ; in Kertesz’s Cat. it is placed under this genus.

In Brit. Mus. Coll.:—Walker’s type (¢ ) from Waigiou

(not Aru Islands), and other specimens from New Hebrides,

New Guinea, Aru Islands, and a male and female trom

Queensland.

From Macquart’s description this species is probably the

same.

152 Miss G. Ricardo—A Revision of

Macquart described his species thus :—Violet. Moustache

and beard golden-coloured. Legs with yellow hairs. Wings

half brown and half hyaline.

Length 64 lines. ¢.

Related to LZ. enea. Palpi black, with black hairs. Face

and moustache golden-coloured, with long black bristles.

Forehead with grey tomentum. Antenne black, the first

joint with yellow hairs and black ones below. Thorax with

shoulders and sides golden tomentose. Abdomen without

spots or segmentations. Legs black, with violet reflections ;

femora and tibiz with long yellow hairs. Wings: the ante-

rior half hyaline, posterior half blackish brown ; neuration

as in L. enea,

From Java, my collection (Suppl. i. p. 182).

Male has been described, A female is placed with it,

which differs as follows :—Posterior femora less incrassate ;

tibiz with much fewer long hairs. Wings brownish, a little

paler towards the base. The first transverse vein is situated

on the third instead of the quarter of the discal cell. It

comes from New South Wales, whilst the male is described

from Java (Suppl. iv. p. 375).

The face in Walker’s species is bright golden yellow, with

the same coloured hairs above tubercle, which latter is

blackish. with grey tomentum ; the moustache composed of

eight long black bristles, the golden-yellow hairs intermixed

with them; the second, third, and fourth segments of abdo-

men have traces of white spots, and underside has white

segmentations. Vings clear at base and on fore border as

far as stigma ; elsewhere brownish.

Length 17 mm.

The other specimens vary somewhat in colouring of wing ;

one specimen from Amboyna has them entirely hyaline and

they vary in size from 12-22 mm.

Maira gloriosa, Walker.

Proc. Linn. Soc. London, iii. p. 84 [LZaphria] (1859).

Maira kollari, v. d. Wulp, nec Dol. Tijd. vy. Entom. (2) vii. (xv.) p. 201

(1872).

? Maira spectabils, Schiner (nec Guérin), Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien,

xvii. p. 381 (1867).

Type (?) from Aru Island and two males from same

locality, either of which may be the type.

A specimen from Key Island is labelled “ gloriosa,’ but

as the abdomen is covered with short golden pubescence, as

in M. paradisiaca, W\k., I conclude the labels have got

transposed. The three typical specimens have the abdomen

bare, shining, purple and green metallic.

the Asilide of Australasia. 15

Maira spectabilis, Guérin.

Luphria congrua, 3, Walker.

Laphria consuryens, 2, Walker,

Laphria socia, 2, Walker.

These types all appear to be synonyms of the above.

Laphria cerulea, Boisduval, the female type, also labelled

L. ivdisoma, was seen by me in the Paris Museum, and

appears to me to be the same as M. spectabilis ; it is a large

species, measuring 23 mm. Moustache of long black hairs,

with some yellow ones below intermixed, and yellow hairs on

face. Antenne black, the third joint destroyed. Thorax dull

blackish, with white spots on shoulders. Abdomen and legs

metallic blue, the latter with long white hairs on all the

femora and tibiz, apices of latter with some black ones and

the tarsi with long black hairs. Wings tinged brown, the

fourth posterior and anal cell closed, the first posterior wide

open,

Maira paradisiaca, Walker.

Proc. Linn. Soc. London, iii. p. 128 [Laphria] (1859).

Type (¢) from Key Island.

‘The species described by v. d. Wulp as M. tomentosa must

be very near this species, if not the same.

To the Walker species under Mazra in Kertesz’s Cat, the

following should be added :—

Laphria setipes, from Gilolo.

Laphria conveniens, from Batjan and Gilolo.

Laphria flagellata, from Gilolo.

Laruria, Meigen.

Illiger’s Magazine f. Ins. ii. p. 270 (1803)

This genus is distinguished from Maira, Schiner, by the

thicker moustache, which is not confined to the oral

opening, but extends upwards ; face usually with a tubercle.

The character of the head being not or only very slightly

excised behind seems rather a doubtful one ; indeed authors,

v. d. Wulp in particular, seem to differ as to the characters

of Maira, which was divided off from Laphria.

The following species of Laphria in sensu stricto are

recorded from Australia and Tasmania :—

Laphria telecles, Walker, List Dipt. ii. p. 874 (1849), et vii. Suppl. 3,

559 (1855).

Laphria rutifemorata, Macq., Dipt. Exot. Suppl. 1, p. 201, pl. vii. fig. 16

(1846).

Laphria fulviceps, Macq., 7. c. Suppl. 4, p. 376, pl. vil. fig. 5 (? New

Holland) (1849).

154 Miss G. Ricardo—A Revision of

Laphria ornatipennis, Macq., /. ¢. p. 877, pl. vil. fig. 4. '

Laphria niveifacies, Macq., 2. ¢. p. 377, pl. vii. fig. 5; v. d. Wulp,

Sumatra Exped. Dipt. p. 231 (1881); Kertesz, Cat. Dipt. p. 203

(1909) | Marra}.

Laphria flavifemorata, Macq., Z. ¢. p. 377, pl. vil. fig. 5.

Laphria calopogon, Bigot, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, (5) viii. p. 226 (1878).

Laphria bancrofti, sp. n.

Laphria fulvipes, sp. n.

Laphria hirta, sp. n.

1. Legs wholly black. Wings yellow, with dark

apex ant RpOlss cee se wee eel piomee > ae ornatipennis, Macq.

Legs violet. Wings brownish, but with no

dark apex OF SpOlS . 6c. 6).J0 sie). bile nite ues, niveifacies, Macq.

2. Legs black and yellowish or red ............ 3.

3. Abdomen bluish black, usually with white

lateral Gpobs “ee Sepa vere eer en ee See

Abdomen black, with fulvous lateral spots 6.

Abdomen bluish black, the apex reddish yellow. 7.

4, Legs black, posterior femora yellow ........ telecles, W1k.

Legs black, all femora and tibize yellow at base. fulvipes, sp. 0.

Legs black, all femora more or less yellow 5.

5. Wingsclear. Smallspecies. Moustache black.

No white spots visible on abdomen ........ Jlavifemorata, Macq.

Wings brownish. Larger species. Moustache

black and white. Abdominal white spots

PIOSCHE yas cb pF ad coe k aeee bh hie se bee es rufifemorata, Macq.

6. Legs black, middle and posterior femora and

all tibiee yellow ..05.:.t6 swe Deieeie «=» ale jeeis hirta, sp. 0.

. Legs black, femora and tibiz reddish yellow at

BHO fish wee et aie Genes h ae se cee = pene bancroft?, sp. n.

“I

Laphria telecles, Walker.

Types (¢ 2) from W. Australia and another male from

New South Wales.

A species distinguished by the yellow swollen posterior

femora, with a blue-black shining abdomen, with white lateral

spots on the second, third, and fourth segments ; pubescence

ou them and on sides white and dense; underside blue-

black, with white pubescence. The face is black, with a

black moustache on the tubercle and dense silvery white

hairs above reaching antenne, the first two joints of which

have black pubescence. Palpi with black hairs. Beard

white. Legs blackish, with dense white pubescence, thickest

on the anterior and middle pair; some black hairs inter-

mixed, and wholly black on tarsi. Wings brownish, paler

at base; veins brown ; the neuration as in L. rufifemorata.

Length, ¢ 19 mm., ? 13 mm.

Laphria rufifemorata, Macquart.

Type (?) seen in Paris Museum, 12. 4, 11.

In Brit. Mus. Coll. are three females from Tasmania,

the Asilidxe of Australasia. 15a

others from S. Australia (Bakewell) and Victoria; and in

Mr. French’s Coll. from Dandenong Ranges, Victoria.

Macquart omitted any mention of the white spots on

abdomen.

A medium-sized black species, with blue-black abdomen

marked with white spots. Legs black; femora yellow, the

posterior pair much swollen and curved. Wings brownish.

Length, ¢ 13-16 mm., 2? 9-17 mm.

Face black, with large prominent tubercle on lower part,

some grey tomentum near eyes and under antenne.

Moustache of long black bristles on tubercle; above this

some fine white or yellow hairs reaching to the antenne.

Beard of white silky hairs. Forehead black, with black

pubescence, the hairs round the head black. Antenne black,

the first jot long, the second one very short, both with

long black hairs; the third longer than the first two

together, with no bristle at apex, nearly the same width

throughout. Thorax blue-black, with silvery white tomen-

tose shoulder-spots ; pubescence black, even on the spots ;

sides of breast with silvery white tomentum and long white

pubescence, tufts of white and black hairs intermixed near

root of wings. Scutellum with two black bristles and white

pubescence. Scutellum and abdomen shining blue-black or

with purple reflections ; on sides of second, third, and fourth

abdominal segments is a silvery white spot ; sides of abdo-

men with white hairs, in the ? they are black posteriorly ;

genital organs of ¢ prominent, in 9 ovipositor pointed,

sometimes visible and pointed, or covered by last segment ;

underside blackish. Legs black, the fore femora only yellow

at base, sometimes only a mere spot at base or extending

nearly halfway ; middle and posterior pairs yellow for two-

thirds of length, all somewhat swollen, but posterior pair

more so than the others ; the pubescence chiefly white and

long; tibiz with long black and white pubescence; tarsi

with black pubescence and bristles. Wings hyaline, with

a brown tinge round all veins, giving them a brown appear-

ance ; the first posterior cell is long and narrow, the small

transverse vein being situated very near the base of discal

cell, it is very slightly narrower at opening; fourth poste-

rior cell closed some way from border of wing. Halteres

yellow.

2 ¢ and 1 ¢ from Melbourne are identical but for the

pubescence on the /egs, which is chiefly black, not largely

white as in the type, only pale-coloured on the light parts

and black elsewhere.

Laphria fulviceps, Macquart.

In the description Australia is given with a query,

156 Miss G. Ricardo—A Revision of

It is described as a black species with brown wings. An-

tenne and legs fulvous.

Type is apparently lost.

Laphria ornatipennis, Macquart.

Type (¢ ) seen in Paris Museum, 12. 4, 11.

Moustache of stout black bristles, one or two yellow ones

near mouth. Third joint of antenne yellowish. Scutellum

with long, black, fine bristles. Ovipositor with long yellowish

hairs. No curved spines on fore tibia. Wings yellowish,

with brown markings, situated at the apex, on discal, fourth

and fifth posterior, and upper part of second basal cell; the

apical marking does not extend beyond the base of fork of

third vein, the second and third cells are only partially

filled with ‘brown, and the anal cell only in its upper half.

Macquart’s figure of wing does not represent the brown

colour very correctly.

In Brit. Mus. Coll. and Mr. French’s Coll. male and

female from Queensland.

A species easily recognized by the colouring of the wings

yellow and brown and by the depressed, narrow, metallic

bluish-black abdomen, with white lateral spots.

Length 17 mm. |

The ‘wings in these specimens are yellowish, the apex and

posterior border brownish, the dark colouring extending to

base of branch of third vein in a straight line from costal

border to the posterior border to base of first posterior cell,

continuing and occupying all the remaining posterior cells

and most of the anal cell; base of wing nearly hyaline ;

the first posterior cell open, fourth closed, the small trans-

verse vein on basal third of discal cell. The seutedlum in

male is armed with long bristles, yellow in the centre and

black at the sides; in the female all are black. The ovi-

positor of female small, ending with Jong yellowish hairs.

The third antennal joint in the female is wholly yellowish.

The moustache in the male consists of golden, soft, long

hairs.

Laphria niveifacies, Macquart.

vw. This species, placed under Maira in Kertesz’s Cat., is more

probably a species of Laphria, judging from the description

of the moustache.

The type is apparently lost, as it was not to be found in

the Paris Museum.

Macquart describes it thus :—

Violet black. Abdomen with white hairs. Moustache

black. Legs violet. Wings half brown.

the Asilidse of Australasia. 157

Length, 2, 4 lines.

Beard white. Face with snowy white tomentum ; mous-

tache black, covering half the face. Antenne: the first

two joints black, the third wanting. Thorax and abdomen

with blue, violet, and green reflections; hairs on sides

white. Legs violet, with white hairs and black spots ; poste-

rior femora incrassate ; posterior tibize swollen and curved.

Wings: the anterior half hyaline, the posterior half

brownish ; neuration normal.

From Tasmania. Paris Museum,

In the figure of wing the small transverse vein is below

the middle of discal cell, the first posterior cell narrower at

border, the fourth and anal cells closed.

Wulp described a female specimen from Sumatra which

he thought might belong to this species, measuring 6°5 lines.

He placed it under Matra, on account of the incrassate

posterior femora and metallic colour of the legs. The wings

were black-brown at the apex, extending into the basal cells,

and the white hairs at sides of abdomen were not apparent.

Laphria flavifemorata, Macquart.

Type (¢) seen in Paris Museum, 12. 4. 11.

A small species, measuring only 9 mm., blue-black in

colouring, with yellow femora.

Face fairly broad, with a large prominent tubercle.

Moustache composed of black bristles. Beard white.

Thorax with some whitish tomentum at the sides and long

soft black hairs at sides, with shorter ones on the dorsum.

Scutellum identical. Abdomen bare, shining, no white spots

visible, with short black hairs at sides. Femora below with

white hairs, hind pair a little incrassate ; tibie with long

black hairs. Wings hardly brown, as Macquart describes,

clear, with black veins, the first posterior cell narrowed at

border, the fourth and anal closed; the small transverse

vein very near the base of discal cell, just above the base

of the fourth posterior cell.

This is a very much smaller species than Laphria telecles,

Wik., with which I compared it,

Laphria calopogon, Bigot.

A male from Australia.

Described as black, with long grey pubescence below

abdomen and femora and on both sides of tibize. The

borders of the second, third, and fourth segments of abdomen

fawn-coloured or testaceous. Femora at base and fore tibie -

at base with red spots. Wings blackish.

158 Miss G. Ricardo—A Revision of

Laphria bancrofti, 2, sp. 0.

Type (3) from Mackay, Queensland (G. Turner).

Type (2?) from 8. Queensland (Bancroft), and other

females.

A species nearly allied to LZ. fulvipes and L. hirta, sp. n.,

but distinct from both, the bluish-black abdomen being

reddish yellow at the apex.

Length, ? 11, ¢ 17 mm.

Female.—Face black, with yellow tomentum ; the mous-

tache consists of long, weak, black hairs, with shorter whitish

hairs above and below. Palpi with black pubescence.

Beard white. Hind part of head with black pubescence.

Thorax dull black, with yellow tomentose spots on shoulders,

one on each side on centre of dorsum, and a yellow border

round posterior half of thorax; pubescence black, yellow

posteriorly, with four long, red (in the other female white),

bristly hairs between the scutellum and base of wings.

Scutellum black, covered with grey or fulvous tomentum and

some yellow pubescence. Abdomen blue-black, shining, with

yellowish-white tomentose spots on the second, third, and

fourth segments, the sixth and seventh segments wholly

reddish yellow; the ovipositor blackish, with yellow and

black hairs. Legs black, the posterior femora swollen and

yellow on their basal half, on the others only yellow at their

base, tibize widely yellow on the basal half ; pubescence of legs

long, white, on the tarsi short and black. Wings brownish,

paler at the base; neuration as in L. rufifemorata, with the

exception of the first posterior cell, which is considerably

narrowed at opening.

Male.—Ideutical, but the four long red bristles on thorax

are replaced by three black ones. The spots on abdomen

are not visible, and only the sixth segment is reddish yellow,

and on the posterior border only ; the genitalia are shining

black and prominent ; the middle and posterior femora are

not yellow on their basal half.

Laphria fulvipes, 2, sp. n.

Type (2) and two others from Mackay, Queensland

(G. Turner).

A small species with black legs, distinguished by the

femora being yellow on their basal half and by the yellow

tibize, which are black at their apices on the middle and

anterior legs and on the posterior pair more widely so.

From L. hirta it may be distinguished by the less pubescent

legs and by the white spots on the dull black abdomen. The

face has a black moustache, with long golden-yellow hairs

above reaching to the antenne; pubescence on forehead and

tre.

eee ae

the Asilidee of Australasia. 159

on hind part of head black. Thorax and scutellum dull

black like the abdomen ; the white tomentose spots on the

latter appear on the first four segments at sides and have

yellowish pubescence. Legs with black sparse pubescence.

Wings with the neuration as in L. rufifemorata, but the first

posterior cell is very considerably narrowed at opening. In

all other particulars it is the same as L. hirta.

Length 12 mm.

Laphria hirta, 3, sp. n.

A species with blue-black abdomen, but fulvous at sides

instead of having white spots; legs very hairy, yellow, fore

femora almost wholly black, the others black at apices ; tibize

black at apices, tarsi black.

Length 15 mm.

Type (¢) from Australia, 59. 10. 3.

Face covered with long, bright, fulvous hairs, the moustache

appearing as long, black, isolated bristles on tubercle.

Pa/pi with black hairs. Beard white. Antenne with black

hairs on first two joints. Forehead with black hairs, which

extend over hind part of head, becoming white below.

Thorax blue-black, with the usual white tomentose spots on

shoulders and traces of a whitish border posteriorly and

across suture. Scutellum blue-black, with black hairs.

Abdomen blue-black, the fulvous colour appearing on side of

each segment ; pubescence on sides of abdomen fulvous ;

genital organs shining black, prominent; underside dull

fulvous. Legs hairy, the cox black, with grey tomentum

and some fulvous pubescence ; the femora all swollen, and

with tibiz have long fulvous pubescence on the yellow parts,

paler on the fore femora, and long black pubescence on the

black parts, the tarsi with wholly black pubescence. Halteres

red-brown. Wings brownish; neuration as in Laphria

rufifemorata,

The species in the Laphria genus from New Guinea and

other parts of the Australian Region are very numerous.

Of the Walker species, on an examination of the types the

following remarks are based :—

L. ampla, from Amboyna, appears to be identical with L. vulcanus, Wied.

L. argentifera and L. conveniens probably belong to the genus Maira.

L. declarata appears allied to the genus Atomosia.

L. aperta and L. tripars, from New Guinea and Waigiou, appear identical ;

they are very small in size; Dr. Hermann places the latter in his

new genus Cenochromyia (see p. 117). L. pipunculoides, also a very

small species, has a striking character in the eyes, which take up

nearly the whole of the head and are joined in the middle; Dr. Her-

mann places it inthe genus Clariola (see p. 113).

160 Miss G. Ricardo—A Revision of

The following species are from Celebes :—

L. dioctroides, a very small species with a very narrow face, bearing a

general resemblance to a Leptogaster species ; Dr. Hermann places it

in Cenochromyia, but incorrectly, the fourth posterior cell being

open.

L, partita appears to be a species of Mara.

Laphria disciplena, from New Guinea, is very probably the same as

Laphria doryca, Boisduval, Voyage de ‘1’Astrolabe,’ Entom. ii. p. 662,

pl. xii. fig. 10 | Dasypogon | (1835), seen by me in the British Museum,

The thorax is covered with bright fulvous tomentum; the antenne,

face, beard, and legs are the same colour; on the sides of thorax and

breast a brown median stripe appears. Abdomen dull brownish

red. Wings brown, with white streaks—one at apex, another be-

tween the first and second posterior cells, and smaller ones in the

cells. Laphria concludens, W1k., from Celebes, appears very nearly

related, if not identical.

Poconosoma, Rondani.

Rond. Dipt. Ital. Prodr. i. p. 160 (1856).

No species are known from Australia itself. Two are

recorded from Amboyna and Batjan I. by Doleschall and

v. d. Wulp.

The genus is easily recognized by the presence of three

cubital cells.

ASILINE.

The genera as yet recorded from Australia, Tasmania, and

New Zealand are :—

Asilus, lu. ; Ommatius, Wied.; Blepharotes, Westwood ;

Promachus, Erax, Proctacanthus, Macq.; -Philodicus, Cer-

distus, Neoitamus, Loew ; Glaphyropyga, Schiner ; Dysma-

chus, Wlk.; Heligmoneura, Bigot; Neoaratus, Ricardo

(Aratus, Wulp); and Pararatus, gen. nov.

From other parts of the Australasian Region occur species

belonging to the genera Pamponerus, Loew ; Allocotosia and

Emphysomera, Schiner.

Table of Genera.

1. Style of antenne feathered...........-. ae

Style of antenns bare «26. .< Teens onal 4,

2. Third joint of antennz always considerably

longer than the first two joints together. Allocotosia, Schiner.

Third joint of antenne short, usnally shorter

than the first two joints together...... 3.

3. Mace wathra io berele? ff is.jsckiia'eb o)sioe ofe%s Ommatius, Wied.

Face quite flat, with no tubercle ........ Emphysomera, Schiner.

4, Abdomen extremely broad, depressed, with

tufts of hairs at sides. Ovipositor short,

not compressed ...... Bein deeie ots ole stele Blepharotes, Westwood.

Abdomen not extremely broad .s...s0i05 5,

the Asilidee of Australasia. 161

5. Wings with three submarginal cells...... 6.

Wings with two submarginal cells ...... ic

6. Second submarginal cell at most half as

long as the first submarginal cell ...... Promachus, Loew.

Second submarginal cell as long or only a

little shorter than the first submarginal

Ls aaa Rete FS a ae Philodicus, W1k.

. Posterior branch of third vein curves for-

ward to meet the costa at or before the

tip of wing; an appendix sometimes

MEN Wasa aan aints ema W ate hates cae es 8.

Posterior branch of third vein terminates

beyond the tip of wing; no appendix .. 9.

8. Ovipositor cylindrical, with a terminal

“N

ANGIE OF STHOM Pa... Zeca o so hneim oid et ce Proctacanthus, Macq.

Ovipositor laterally compressed, without a

terminal circlet of spines ............ Erax, Scop.

Subgenera of Asilus.

9. Ovipositor laterally compressed .......... 10.

Ovipositor conical ..... PP bie & ed Efe

10. Third joint of antennz unusually long an

broad, flattened ..... hata ne mgd ae 3 Glaphyropyga, Schiner.

Third joint of antennz normal shape,. if

long always very long..........40..-- Ei

11. End lamelle of ovipositor egg-shaped,

wedged in; thorax with bristles disposed

SE DR Eee Bee ee eee Dysmachus, W1k,

End lamelle of ovipositor free, style-like ;

thorax with bristles not disposed like a

PEGG Ca tr Nolte ol Se, des acewl. ete Set 12.

12. Posterior border of eighth ventral segment

in male more or less widened. Ovi-

positor in female not so long as in

TUTOR nn 6 isn <> 0, oe m5 = Se oeO gases Machimus, Loew.

Posterior border of eighth ventral segment

in male not widened ................ 15.

13. Legs prevailing shining yellow .......... Heligmoneura, Bigot.

Legs prevailing black or light and opaque-

EM oe ale eR ie i 14.

14. Male genitalia club-like ; ovipositor long,

including thesixthand seyenth segments. 15.

Male genitalia not club-like; sixth and

seventh segments not included in ovi-

ROU sas alah, we cin einle i a's ary = =.5 16.

15. Large species; third posterior cell very

wah Copenh oct ct cL nae eae gra Pararatus, gen. nov.

Small species ; third posterior cell not very

wide. Tibiz usually testaceous ...... Neoitamus, Ost.-Sack.

16. Face with a very small tubercle. Legs

RIBAWEG DIME NS Fe caine. cote ne eh eee ss Cerdistus, Loew.

17. Large species; wing very much curved

outwards at costal border in the male.. Neoaratus, Ricardo.

Wing not (or hardly) curved outwards at

costal border in male ................ 18.

18. Abdomen with no bristles before the seg-

mentations; large or middle-sized, usually

bright-coloured species ...........+.. 19.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xi. 11

162 Miss G. Ricardo—A Revision of

19. Abdomen with short close pubescence,

nearly bare. Wings not white at base. -As?dus, Linn.

Abdomen with long fine outstanding pubes-

cence. Wings usually white or pale at

DASE dc cmos ee apo eek Oat. yee Pamponerus, Loew.

Auuocorosia, Schiner.

Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xvi. p. 845 (1866).

No species have been recorded in this genus from the

Australian Region with the exception of three species from

Celebes, viz. :—

Allocotosia aurata, Fabr., scitula, W\k., and vulpina, Bigot ;

the Walker species has also been recorded by Schiner from

Amboyna.

EmpnysomMera, Schiner.

Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xvi. p. 845 (1866).

The only species as yet recorded from the Australasian

Region are LE. nigra, Schiner, Novara Reise, Dipt. p. 195

(1868), from Gilolo; E. peregrina, v. d. Wulp, Tijd. v.

Entom. (2) vii. (xv.) p. 253 (1872), from Ternate ; and

E. spathulata, Dol., Nat. Tijd. Nederl. Ind. (4) 11. xvu.

p- 89 (Ommatius) (1858), from Amboyna.

Walker’s species Ommatius platymelas is the same as

E. spathulata. Ommatius invehens and bacchoides, Walker,

both belong to this genus from I. Waigiou and Ceram; the

latter type, a male, has the wing dilated on fore border as in

E. peregrina.

The genus is easily distinguished by the flat face and

club-shaped abdomen.

Ommatius, Wiedemann.

Dipt. Exot. p. 218 (1821).

The following species are recorded from Australia and

Tasmania :—

Ommatius chinensis, Fabr., Ent. Syst iv. p. 3883 [-Asdus] (1794). For

other references and synonyms see Kertesz, Cat. Dipt. 1909.

Ommatius angustiventris, Macq., Dipt. Exot. Suppl. iv. p. 293, pl. viii.

fig. 10 (1849); Schiner, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xviii. p. 410

(1867).—Ommatius corebus, W1k., List Dipt. ii. pp. 473 et 759.

Ommatius lema, W1k., List Dipt. ii. p.472 (1849), et vu. Suppl. 3, p. 759

1855).

bran aae dimidiatus, Macq., Dipt. Exot. Suppl. iv. p. 394, pl. viii.

fig. 11 (1849).

Ommatius vitticrus, Bigot, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, (5) vi, Bull. Ixxxv. 2

(1876).

Ommatius mackayi, sp. n.

Ommatius queensland, sp. n.

the Asilidee of Australasia. 163

Ommatius chinensis, Fabricius.

For synonyms see Kertesz, Cat 1909, p. 806.

A male and female ‘from Burpengary, Queensland (Dr.

Bancroft), answer to the description of the above species,

which is recorded from China, Japan, Corea, Java, Sumatra,

- &c., but not as yet from the Australasian Region. The

above specimens are identical with others in the Brit. Mus.

Coll. from Amboyna, only differing in the colour of the

bristles on the femora, which are chiefly white instead of

black.

It is a large robust yellowish species, with black legs, the

tibize reddish yellow. Face with yellow hairs, moustache and

beard the same colour,

Ommatius angustivenlris, Macquart.

Ommatius corebus, Wk.

Macquart’s type a male seen by me in Paris Museum,

12. 4.11. A specimen of O. corebus, Wik. (from Vigors

Coll.), is identical with it, the moustache more white than

yellow, and the bristles on the hind femora all black,

whereas in the Macquart type some are white.

Walker’s types, male and female, from unknown locality

(Hardwicke Bequest).

This is a black species with yellow tibie; the wings

dilated in the male.

Macquart’s description is as follows :—

Black. Thorax with golden stripes. Abdomen narrow,

with ashy-grey subpubescence. Moustache yellow ; tibiz red.

Wings dilated. Length 9 lines, f. Palpi with yellowish

hairs. Beard yellowish white. Face not very prominent,

rather narrow, golden yellow; moustache yellow, only

reaching halfway up the face. Forehead rather narrow;

anteriorly golden yellow, the rest black. Antenne close

together, black. Eyes with green reflections. Thorax: the

spaces between the black stripes as well as the sutures a

bright golden yellow; the intermediate stripe divided longi-

tudinally by a brownish testaceous stripe; sides yellowish

white ; scutellum ashy grey. Abdomen narrow, black, with

slight grey tomentum and short white hairs scattered on

sides and segmentations ; genital organs in male small, con-

sisting only of two claspers horizontally opposite each other,

shining black. Legs black, with short yellowish hairs and

black bristles ; tibiz pale yellow, the anterior pair with no

spines, the intermediate and posterior ones black at apex.

Wings hyaline, grey on fore border and at apex; the outer

border abruptly dilated ; stigma testaceous.

From east coast of New South Wales. Paris Museum.

164 Miss G. Ricardo—A Revision of

Ommatius lema, Walker.

Type (2) from New South Wales (Haslar Hospital).

A blackish species ; the tibize dull yellowish red on their

outer borders, femora incrassate. Moustache yellow. Wings

pale brownish.

Length 18 mm.

Face blackish, with grey tomentum. Moustache com-

posed of long yellowish hairs and about seven long black

bristles, four above the oral opening and three near antenne.

Palpi brown, with long whitish hairs. Beard yellowish.

Antenne black. Thorax black, with grey tomentum on

shoulders and at sides, and as faint stripes on dorsum; two

short black bristles above root of wings and two beyond,

and numerous weaker ones on posterior part of dorsum.

Scutellum with two black ones on its border. Abdomen

blackish, a few black hairs at anus. Legs black; coxz

covered with grey tomentum; fore tibiz obscurely reddish,

the others only yellowish red on their outer borders ; poste-

rior and middle femora armed below with four black bristles ;

fore femora with whitish pubescence below. Wings pale

brownish, nearly clear on posterior border, the small trans-

verse vein placed on the apical third of discal cell; fourth

posterior cell with a short stalk.

The type from which this description is taken is in a dirty

faded condition. It is distinguished from O. angustiventris

by the incrassate femora, armed with four, not two, bristles,

and by the less highly coloured tibiz.

Ommatius dimidiatus, Macquart.

Type apparently lost; not to be found in the Paris

Museum.

A female in the Brit. Mus. Coll. from N. Queensland is

probably nearly allied to this species.

Macquart describes it as follows :—

Black. Legs red, femora above and the tibiz below black.

Length 4 lines, 2.

Palpi with black hairs. Face shining black, with a little

grey tomentum ; moustache composed of black and yellowish

bristles. Antenne black. Thorax with indistinct grey

stripes. Abdomen with slight grey tomentum. Tarsi black ;

the first joint yellow, black at apex. Wings clear, the discal

cell with a long stalk.

From Tasmania. Paris Museum.

_ Ommatius vitticrus, 3 , Bigot.

Described as dull brown. Jace, beard, and moustache

the Asilides of Australasia. 165

grey, the latter with black bristles above. Abdomen with

grey pubescence. Wings pale. smoky. Legs testaceous,

femora and tibiz with a black stripe on outer border.

Length 15 mm.

Ommatius mackayi, sp. 0.

Type (¢ 2) from Mackay, Queensland (G. Turner, 1894).

A handsome yellowish species, with well-marked blackish

stripes on thorax. Legs black, femora at base and tibi

wholly yellow. Wings hyaline, in male dilated.

Length, ¢ 26, 2? 20 mm.

Male.—Face blackish, with silvery white tomentum;

tubercle not very prominent. Moustache reaching to quite

the middle of face, which narrows considerably above, com-

posed of long bristly white hairs, four long yellowish bristles

conspicuous above. Palpi small. Beard white. Antenne

brownish, with the usual long feathered bristle. Furehead

yellower than face; ocelligerous tubercle large, brown, with

some yellowish bristles. Head much excised behind, the

hairs at back yellowish. Thorax covered with bright fulvous

tomentum, lighter on the shoulders, and marked with two

central narrow black stripes and with shortened side-stripes ;

a few short black bristles appear in centre of dorsum ante-

riorly and some long fulvous hairs posteriorly ; sides with

pale yellow hairs and two strong black bristles above base of

wing, two more below; breast-sides brownish, with white

tomentum. Scutellum fulvous, bordered with some yellowish

hairs.

Abdomen brownish, with bright fulvous tomentum on the

first two segments; all segments with short, fairly thick,

fulvous pubescence. Genital crgans very prominent,

blackish, sides with yellowish hairs, a tuft of long fulvous

hairs on the first segment. Legs black, the cox covered

with grey tomentum, the fore pair with long white hairs ;

the femora yellow below, the hind femora yellow at base ;

tibiz yellow, hind pair black at apex; tarsi yellow on the

first joint of fore and mid pair; pubescence of legs yellowish,

bristles black. Wings much dilated on costal border,

strongly rilled in the marginal and submarginal cells and

less so in the first and second posterior cells ; the small trans-

verse vein beyond the middle of discal cell ; veins brown.

Female identical; the stout bristles in moustache are

darker in colour, hairs at back of head black and bristly, the

bristles below base of wings are more in number. Wings

not dilated and hardly rilled.

166 A Revision of the Asilidee of Australasia.

Ommatius queenslandi, sp. un.

Type (¢ 2?) from Stannary Hills, N. Queensland (Dr.

T. L. Bancroft, 1909).

A small black species ; abdomen with some grey tomentose

spots. Legs black, tibiz yellowish. Wings clear, not dilated

in the male.

Length, ¢ 9, ? 14mm.

Male. — Face brownish, with yellowish-grey tomentum.

Moustache composed of long, yellow, bristly hairs. Tubercle

not very prominent, but reaching to antenne. Beard silvery

white. Antenne black, with long feathered bristle. Fore-

head reddish brown, with black pubescence. Back of head

with black hairs curved inwards. Thorax blackish brown,

with grey tomentum on shoulders and at sides, on middle

suture, and on posterior part of thorax ; on this last appear

numerous black bristles and white pubescence; some black

pubescence on dorsum; sides with whitish hairs and two

stout black bristles above base of wings; _ breast-sides

covered with ashy-grey tomentum. Scutellum covered with

grey tomentum, with yellowish hairs on border. Abdomen

blackish brown, with grey tomentose side spots and very

scattered grey pubescence ; genital organs not very promi-

nent, black hairs on last segments. Legs black; tibize

yellow below, posterior pair yellow at base; femora with

white pubescence and bristles black, which, however, are

yellow on posterior incrassate pair ; tibie with black bristles

and yellow or whitish hairs. Wings hyaline; veins brown,

small transverse vein beyond the middle of discal cell ; cells

anteriorly rilled.

Female identical. Abdomen with incisions of some seg-

ments ashy-grey tomentose ; the grey pubescence is white

and more abundant.

The following species have been recorded from New

Guinea and other parts of the Australasian Region :—

Ommatius annulatus, cnemideus, Bigot ; aruensis, excurrens,

fulvimanus, infernus, schlegelii, serenus, suffusus, Wulp ;

minimus, minor, Dol. ; canus, discalis, lucifer, nanus, retrahens,

Walker. Of these last, canus, nanus, retrahens (and also

strictus from Celebes) have no tubercle on face, but the

abdomen is not club-shaped as in Emphysomera ; the type of

discalis appears to be missing.

[To be continued. |

On a new Galago from German East Africa. 167

XILI.—A new Galago from German East Africa.

By Dr. E1nar LOnnBerG, F.M.Z.S., &e.

THE R. Nat. Hist. Museum, Stockholm, has recently obtained

from Mr. K. Kittenberger a Galago which was collected at

Ukina, near Schirati, east of Victoria Nyanza, German East

Atrica, in March 1911. The specimen is an old male with

especially the upper canines well worn. It is remarkable

for its light-coloured fur and its large and heavy skull. So

far as I know, it is not described, and I propose to name it

Galago argentatus, sp. n.

With regard to certain relative dimensions, this Galago

belongs to the Otolemur-group, and, in most. cases, the

difference is quite plainly pronounced: the diameter of the

orbit (20 mm.) is larger than the distance from the anterior

margin of the foramen infra-orbitale to the gnathion (about

18 mm. to the most prominent point); the length of the

nasals (27°5 mm.) is subequal or a little longer than the

distance between the anterior brim of the orbit and the

gnathion (27 mm.) ; the length of the ears (about 51 mm.)

is less than the length of the hand (55°5 mm.), and also less

than two-thirds the length of the head (the greatest length

of the skull being 84 mm.).

The general colour is very light grey, and may be called

light silvery grey. It is very little darker along the back,

and in some lights a very faint buffish tinge may be dis-

cerned in some places. The forehead has a slight brownisi:

tinge due to brown tips to the hairs. ‘The outer sides of the

legs are coloured like the sides of the body. The feet are

pale brownish mixed with pale grey. The sides of the head

and neck are dirty white. The lower parts are pure white

along the middle liné, somewhat greyish towards the sides.

The tailis white, rather sharply set cff from the grey of the

back and very little obscured by dark tips to the hairs on the

proximal two-thirds, a little more dusky towards the end.

The fur is soft and thick. Its length on the middle of the

back is about 35 mm. More than the proximal half of this

length is very dark grey, but the distal portion is white.

The scattered long hairs produce the silvery-grey colour by

being blackish with or without white subterminal rings.

Along the middle of the lower parts and on the inner sides of

the thighs the fur is pure white to the base. On thie sides of

the belly and breast the fur is lead-grey at the base.

Length of head and body (approximately from skin)

36 cm. (probably a little more in the flesh). Length of tail

about 424 cm. Length of ear (softened) about 51 cm.

Length ot hind foot (softened) 95 mm.

168 Bibliographical Notice.

Occipito-nasal length of skull.........,....s0eeeseens 82°5

Condylo-incisive length°of skull 2.02.0. oii eww cee 755

Basal length .of.skull (...2.2%h(/.j-4+ se shots fe forty ie fete ets 69

Zygomatic width of shag iin sip0 syne pin paises + ae 55

"Width, Gf; Drain cane go taale nc ictainds ol ee oe ae oa 33°5

Postorbrtalcoriserictign Pate!" 10 Aen ste aa, 2a 17

Interorbital width 55'298 GL00e Air Ae. abe & tas tate SO 16°5

Breadth across canine alveoles .......... exsist. seek 22:3

benpth. of masals Become eb eyat beeps pets a ei eee 27°5

Length of upper molar series 1... <a. .ccms,s)- 0% oeiesin ona 24:5

AJ » 5 tooth series, including the canine .... 31

is 4» lower molar Series 2. = sip os ae SAR ee cle 20°9

A fe tooth series, including the canine ...... 46

Palatal length to front of incisors’ ............ eee 33°5

The crista sagtttalis is well developed and extends forward

over the whole parietal and posterior portion of the frontal.

The cranial measurements of this species appear to be

considerably larger than in any other species of this group,

and as the colour as well is very distinct, it seems to be a

very easily recognized animal.

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTICE.

Index Zoologicus No. II, An Alphabetical List of Names of Genera

and Subgenera proposed for Use in Zoology, as recorded wm the

‘Zoological Record,’ vols. 38-47 welusive (1901-1910), and the

Zoology Volumes of the ‘International Catalogue of Scientific

Literature, Annual Issues 1-10, together with other Names not

included in previous Nomenclators. Compiled (for the Zoological

Society of London) by Cuartus Owen Warteruotse, I.8.0., and

edited by Davip Suarp, M.A., F.R.S., Editor of the ‘ Zoological

Record.’ London, 1912.

Mr. C. O. Warernovusr’s ‘Index Zoologicus,’ published by the

Zoological Society in 1902, is known to every systematic zoologist

as an indispensable supplement to the indispensable ‘ Scudder,”

and he has once again earned the gratitude of the zoological world

by his ‘Index Zoologicus No. II.,’ covering the years 1901-1910.

Like the former volume, this is far more than a mere combination

cf the indexes of successive volumes of the ‘Zoological Record.’

A very large number of names omitted from previous nomenclators

have been included, with, in nearly all cases, a reference to the

original source. No fewer than 774 of these omitted names have

been discovered by Mr. Waterhouse himself. From the editor’s

preface we learn that the total number of generic and subgeneric

names proposed for use in zoology is estimated at 140,000, of

which about 62,000 are indexed in Mr. Waterhouse’s two volumes.

These figures give some measure of the extent to which he has

lightened the burden of future bibliographers.

THE ANNALS

MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY,

[EIGHTH SERIES.]

No. 62. FEBRUARY 1913.

XIV.—The Osteology and Classification of the Teleostean

Fishes of the Order Scleroparei. By C. Tate Recan, M.A.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

THE Scleroparei or Loricati may be defined as acanthopterous

physoclists with anterior pelvic fins, each of a spine and five

or fewer soft rays, and with the second suborbital typically

produced across the cheek, forming a “stay ” for the pre-

operculum. The group is a natural one, and so large and

varied that it may be accorded ordinal rank, whilst recog-

nizing that the most generalized family, the Scorpzenida, is

not very remote from generalized Percoids, such as the

Serranidee.

Jungersen has recently expressed the opinion that both

the Thoracostei (Gastrosteidz) and Hypostomides (Pegasidez)

should be added to the Scleroparei. The osteological re-

searches on which this opinion is: based have not yet been

published, and it is not my intention in any way to anticipate

them; in the case of the Gastrosteide it has long been

recognized that the suborbitals have the Scorpenoid arrange-

ment, and they have been separated from the Scleroparei

mainly because the pelvic bones are not attached to the

cleithra; as a result of recent studies of the order Perco-

morphi, I conclude that this character has not the importance

which has been attributed to it, and I readily accept the

Ann, & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xi. 12

170 Mr. C. T. Regan on the Osteology and

Gastrosteoids as Scorpenoids in which the attachment of the

pelvic bones to the cleithra has been lost. On the other

hand, after making a study of the osteology of Pegasus and

Parapegasus I am unable to appreciate the supposed rela-

tionship to the Scleroparei, and I regard the Hypostomides

as a distinct order,

Recently Allis has issued a beautifully illustrated memoir

on the cranial osteology of Scorpena, Myoxocephalus, Trigla,

Peristedion, and Dactylopterus (§ Zoologica,’ Stuttgart, vii.

1909, pp. 1-219, pls. i—vili.). Berg’s memoir entitled ‘ Die

Cataphracti des Baikal-Sees,’ published in 1907, includes an

excellent account, with figures, of the osteology of several

Cottid genera and of Comephorus. Starks has given a

complete description of the skeleton of Sebastolobus (Proc.

Calif. Acad. i. 1898, pp. 861-370, pls. xxii.—xxiv.). Garman

has monographed the Cyclopteride (Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool.

xiv. 1892). Gill has paid particular attention to the mail-

cheeked fishes, and has supplemented an essay on the classi-

fication of the group (Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xi. 1888,

pp. 567-592) with papers dealing with particular genera or

families, viz.: Dactylopterus (Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xii.

1890, pp. 243-248, pl. xix.), Cyclopteride (t. c. pp. 361-376,

pis. xxvili.-xxx.), Hemitripterus (t. c. pp. 377-380, pl. xxxi.),

and Gnathanacanthus (Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1891,

p. 701) ; those on the Cyclopterids and Hemitripterus include

good figures of the cranial osteology.

In working out the classifivation I have had the advantage

of examining the skeleton of at least one genus in each

family, and when skeletons of other genera have not been at

hand I have usually been able to test characters of importance

on spirit-specimens.

The following scheme indicates the limits and contents

of the

Order SCLEROPAREI.

Suborder 1. ScoRPHNOIDEFA.,

Division 1, ScoRPH/NIFORMEs.

Family 1. Scorpzenide.

Scorpena, Sebastes, Pterois, Tenianotus, Apistus,

Glyptauchen, Centropogon, Tetraroge, Gymnapistus,

Prosopodasys, Cocotropus, Erisphex.

Family 2. Triglide.

Subfamily 1. Trigline: Trigla, Lepidotrigla, Prio-

notus, Pterygotrigla.

Subfamily 2. Peristediontine : Pertstedion,

Classification of the Order Scleroparei. 171

Family 3. Caracanthida,

Caracanthus.

Family 4. Aploactide.

Aploactis, Trichopleura.

Family 5, Synanciidz,

Lysodermus, Minous, Chorismodactylus, Inimicus,

Synancia, Erosa, Leptosynancia, Trachicephalus,

Family 6. Patzcide.

Gnathanacanthus, Patecus.

Division 2. HexaGRAMMIFORMEs.

Family 1. Hexagrammide.

Heragranmus, Agrammus, Ophiodon, Zaniolepis,

Oxylebias.

Family 2. Anoplopomatidez.

Anoplopoma, Evrilepis,

Division 3, PLATYCEPHALIFORMES.

Family Platyeephalide.

Platycephalus, Bembras,

Division 4. HopLicuTHyIFoRMEs,

Family Hoplichthyide.

Hoplichthys.

Division 5. ConG1iopopriFoRMEs.

Family Congiopodidz.

Congiopus, Zanclorhynchus,

Division 6. CortrrorMEs,

Family 1, Cottide.

Rhamphocottus, Radulinus, Lcelus, Icelinus, Astro-

lytes, Pseudoblennius, Jordania, Triglops, Scorpen-

ichthys, Hemilepidotus, Oligocottus, Artedius, Myzoco-

cephalus, Oncocottus, Cottocomephorus, Cottus, Uranidea,

Ascelichthys, Abyssocotius, Blepsias, Hemitripterus,

Synchirus, Ereunias,

Family 2. Cottunculide.

Cottunculus.

Family 3. Psychrolutide.

Psychrolutes, Neophrynichthys,

Family 4. Comephoride,

Comephorus.

12*

172 Mr. C. T. Regan on the Osteology and

Family 5. Agonide.

Percis, Hypsagonus, Brachyopsis, Occa, Pallasina,

Podothecus, Agonus, Aspidophoroides.

Family 6. Cyclopteride.

Subfamily 1. Cyclopterinee: Cyclopterus, Cyclopter-

ichthys, Liparops.

Subfamily 2. Liparidinee: Liparis, Careproctus, Para-

liparis, Rhinoliparis.

Suborder 2, GASTROSTIEOIDEA,

Family 1. Gastrosteidz.

Gastrosteus, Pygosteus, Eucalia, Spinachia.

Family 2. Aulorhynchide.

Aulorhynchus.

Suborder 3. DACTYLOPTEROIDEA.

Family Dactylopteride.

Dactylopterus, Dactyloptena.

Suborder 1. SCORP HNOIDEA.

Mesethmoid ossified ; nasals paired; an opisthotic; second

suborbital rigidly attached to first. Post-temporal of mode-

rate size, attached to epiotic and sometimes pterotic above, to

opisthotic below ; supra-cleithrum overlapping anterior part

of upper end of cleithrum ; pelvic bones directly attached to

cleithra. Anterior vertebree free, normally formed. Pectoral

base subvertical, often procurrent below.

Synopsis of the Divisions and Families.

I. Opisthotic large, extending forward to or narrowly separated from

prootic.

A. Post-temporal forked.

1, Hyo-palatine bones all present and normally developed.

a, Vertebre 24 to 40; anterior ribs, when present, sessile or on

very short parapophyses, posterior ribs on strong para-

pophyses; two nostrils on each side. (Scorpeniformes.)

«. Epiotics not united by suture behind supraoccipital; sub-

orbitals well ossified.

* Three pairs of dentigerous upper pharyngeals.

+ Gill-membranes free ; pelvic fins well developed ; ribs

present at least on posterior preecaudal vertebree,

Spinous dorsal longer than soft; anal with 2 or 3

pungent spines; pectoral radials anvil-shaped.. Scorpenide,

Spinous dorsal shorter than soft ; anal with ] pun- 7g

gent spine or none; pectoral radials plate-like... Zirighde.

Classification of the Order Scleroparei. 173

tf Gill-membranes broadly attached to isthmus; pelvic

fins very small; noribs ...... Caracanthide.

** A single pair of dentigerous upper pharyngeals; anal

spines flexible; ribs absent ; body scaleless.

Gill-membranes free ; dorsal fin commencing on head ;

pelvics I 2, the inner ray not adnate.......... Aploactide.

Gill-membranes attached to isthmus; dorsal fin com-

mencing behind head; pelvics I 4-5, the inner-

most ray adnate by membrane to skinof abdomen. Synanciide.

8. Epiotics united by suture behind supraoccipital ; suborbitals

very thin or even membranous; one pair of dentigerous

upper pharyngeals ; gill-membranes free.

Patecide.

b. Vertebrae 42 to 64; ail or most of the ribs and epipleurals

inserted together on strong parapophyses. (Zevagrammi-

Formes.)

Gill-membranes free ; a single nostril on each side;

Gibaeephenicib 14. YSU ach ia SUI Hexagrammide.

Gill-membranes attached to isthmus; two nostrils on

each side; no basisphenoid ...............00: Anoplopomatide.,

ce. Vertebree about 27; ribs attached to sessile epipleurals.

(Platycephatiformes.)- ....c..cccvees Platycephalide.

2. Palatine and pterygoid forming a long slender rod; no meso-

pterygoid; metapterygoid reduced. (Hoplichthyiformes.)

Hoplichthyide.

B. Post-temporal simple, forming an integral part of the skull,

(Congtopodiformes.) vo c.cccccveccccscces Conyiopodide.,

II, Opisthotic small; mesopterygoid reduced; no basisphenoid.

( Cottiformes.)

A. Pelvic fins, when present, normally formed.

1, Sides of body naked, scaly, or with bony plates; abdomen

always naked,

a, Second suborbital extending to preeoperculum,

#. Lowest radial on hypocoracoid; skull moderately de-

pressed.

Parasphenoid wings extending to alisphenoids; a

separate spinous dorsal ,........,....eecceers Cottide.

Parasphenoid wings not reaching alisphenoids; a

ninple’ Goraaivian 8.00 bc OAc ee Sb Pee eS 85 » Cottunculide.

8. Lowest radial on cleithrum ; skull strongly depressed.

Psychrolutide.

b, Second suborbital not or scarcely produced across cheek.

Comephoride,

2. Body enclosed in bony plates............ Agonide.

B. Pelvic fins forming a suctorial disc ........ Cyclopteride,

174 Mr. C. T. Regan on the Osteology and

Division 1. SCORPZNIFORMES.

In all the members of this group the cranial osteology is

essentially similar; the opisthotic extends forward to the

prootic, which intervenes between parasphenoid and ali-

sphenoids ; a basisphenoid is present and the roof of the

myodome is ossified. The hyo-palatine and opercular bones

are all present and normally developed. The post-temporal

may have the upper fork expanded and very firmly united to

the skull (some Scorpena, Apistus, Triglide, Synanciide).

The radials are usually anvil-shaped, but by reduction of the

interradial foramina may become plate-like (Triglidee, Choris-

modactylus, Trachicephalus, Patecus) ; sometimes the hyper-

coracoid and hypocoracoid may be separated by cartilage

(e.g. Triglidee, Inimicus, Synancia, Trachicephalus). The

parapophyses may be divergent and only the last ones bridged

across (many Scorpenide, ‘Triglide) or may all be down-

wardly directed and completely united (Scorpena, Aplo-

actidse, Synanciide).

Family 1. Scorpenida.

The skeleton of Sebastolobus alascanus has been described

and figured by Starks (Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (3) i. 1898,

p. 361); other Scorpeenide differ from it chiefly in un-

important details of the skull, the size of the second sub-

orbital, the form of the post-temporal, which may have the

upper fork much expanded and be very firmly attached

(Apistus and some species of Scorpena), the degree of union

of the first radial and the hypercoracoid, which are usually

ankylosed, the number of vertebra, and the direction of the

parapophyses. The vertebra vary in number from 24

(Scorpena, Pterois) to31 (Sebastes) ; Apistus has 26 (11+15),

Tetraroge 26 (12+14), Centropogon 27 (11+16), and

Gymnapistus 28 (11+17). In the three last-named ribs are

present only on the preecaudal vertebrae with paropophyses.

The Scorpenide are represented in the Lower Hocene

(London Clay) by the extinct genus Ampheristus ; other

genera have been described from the Upper Eocene and

Miccene.

Family 2. Triglide.

The Triglide are essentially similar to the Scorpenide in

osteology, except that the hypercoracoid and hypocoracoid

are separated by cartilage, the pectoral radials are plate-like

Classification of the Order Scleroparet. 175

(fig. 2, A), and, in correlation with the form of the snout, the

preeorbital is displaced forward and the first suborbital down-

ward, so that the second is attached to the lateral ethmoid

(fig. 1, B). Of the Scorpanids the genus Apistus especially

Fig. 1.

Preorbital (pr) and suborbitals (1, 2, 3, 4) of A. Dactyloptena orientalis,

B. Pterygotrigla polyommata, C. Platycephalus insidiator.

approaches the Triglidee in the separation of the pelvic fins,

the detachment of the lowest pectoral ray, the great depth of

the second suborbital, the development of the upper limb of

the post-temporal as a flat triangular plate, and the reduction

of the foramina between the pectoral radials.

Vertebre in Prionotus 25 or 26, Plerygotrigla 26, Lepido-

trigla 29 or 30, Trigla 32 to 39, Peristedion 33.

Family 3. Caracanthide.

Caracanthus differs externally from the Scorpzenide in the

restricted gill-openings, shorter spinous dorsal and very

small pelvic fins ; the skeleton is typically Scorpeenid, except

for the absence of ribs; the vertebrze number 24.

Family 4. Aploactide.

Aploactis milesti has the osteological characters of the

Scorpzenide, except that the skull is more depressed and ribs

are absent; it has 31 vertebrae (13+ 18).

Family 5. Synanciide.

This family is closely related to the preceding. The

176 Mr. C. T. Regan on the Osteology and

spinous dorsal is longer than the soft except in Trachi-

cephalus. In Lysodermus and Minous 1, in Chorismodactylus

3 pectoral rays are detached; Jnimicus has the two lowest

rays almost detached; in the rest the pectoral is broad and

procurrent, without detached rays. The differences in the

Fig. 2.

Pectoral fin skeleton of A. Pterygotrigla polyommata, B. Trachicephalus

elongatus, ©, Minous monodactylus, D. Synancia horrida, The radials

are numbered.

pectoral fin skeleton are shown by the figures (fig. 2, B, C, D).

The vertebree number 11+15 in Minous, 12 +16 in Inimicus,

11413 or 14 in Synancia, 11 +18 in Trachicephalus.

Family 6. Patecide.

Gnathanacanthus differs from the Scorpeenide only in the

characters given in the key. Patecus further differs in the

absence of pelvic fins and the minute foramina between the

pectoral radials. Vertebre 10+19 in Gnathanacanthus,

about 35 in Patecus.

Division 2. HEXAGRAMMIFORMES.

Opisthotic large, but not always reaching prootic. Meso-

pterygoid well developed. 8 pairs of dentigerous upper

pharyngeals. Vertebree 42 to 643; precaudals with para-

pophyses from the third, fourth, or fifth; ribs on para-

pophyses, epipleurals on ribs at or near their insertion.

Post-temporal forked; pectoral radials 4, anvil-shaped, the

two lowest on hypocoracoid.

Classification 0) the Order Scleroparet. 177

Family 1. Hexagrammida.

The head-skeleton and pectoral arch are much as in the

Scorpenids, except that the parasphenoid wings meet the

alisphenoids. The skull is not depressed, a basisphenoid is

resent, the second suborbital reaches the praoperculum,

Mictebio in Agrammus 19+29, Hexagrammus 21+33,

Ophiodon 23 +34, and Zaniolepis 14+28. In Hexagrammus

octogrammus I find that the hypercoracoid and hypocoracoid

are well separated by cartilage, external to which a wing of

the cleithrum reaches the middle radials ; in the other genera

the pectoral arch is as in normal Scorpenids.

The gill-membranes are free, and there is but a single

nostril on each side.

Family 2. Anoplopomatidz.

In Anoplopoma the parasphenoid does not meet the ali-

sphenoids, there is no basisphenoid, the skull is depressed,

the second suborbital does not reach the preeoperculum, the

gill-membranes are joined to the isthmus, and there are two

nostrils on each side. Vertebre 64 (32+382).

Division 3. PLATYCEPHALIFORMES.

Family Platycephalida.

In the head-skeleton Platycephalus differs from the

Scorpenidze only in the depressed skull, with the parasphenoid

meeting alisphenoids and frontals, and the basisphenoid

apparently absent. The vertebral column has 11+16

vertebre; the ribs are attached to the under surfaces of

sessile epipleurals at some distance from the centra. The

pectoral arch is Scorpenid, except that the radials are short

squarish plates; the coracoids are broad (fig. 3, B). Bem-

bras has the head less depressed and the pelvic fins further

forward than Platycephalus, but is essentially similar in

other characters; I have examined the pectoral arch of a

stuffed specimen, which is exactly like that of Platycephalus.

Division 4. HopLICHTHYIFORMES.

Family Hoplichthyide.

Externally Hoplichthys and Platycephalus have little in

178 Mr. C. T. Regan on the Osteology and

common except the depressed head, and the skeletons show

that the two genera are not at all closely related. Whereas

in Platycephalus the roof of the myodome is ossified and the

basisphenoid is absent, in Hoplichthys the myodome has no

osseous roof, but the basisphenoid appears as a vertical

lamina between frontals and parasphenoid. In Platycephalus

the suborbitals are on the upper snrface of the head and are

separated by a wide interspace from the lower limb of the

preoperculum, but in Hoplichthys the suborbitals are angu-

lated, belonging partly to the upper and partly to the lower

Fig. 3.

A B

Pectoral fn skeleton of A. Hoplichthys langsdorfii,

B. Platycephalus insidiator.

el, cleithrum; sc, hypercoracoid ; cor, hypocoracoid ; 1, 2, 3, 4, radials.

surface of the head, with a serrated ridge along their middle

at the edge of the head ; they entirely fill the space between

the orbit and the preoperculum. ‘The palatine and pterygoid

form a long slender rod; there is no mesopterygoid and the

metapterygoid is reduced, so that the upper edge of the

quadrate is free. The upper fork of the post-temporal is

laminar, loosely attached to epiotic and pterotic ; the supra-

cleithrum is a slender rod; the hypocoracoid is very narrow,

adherent to the cleithrum ; the four radials are anvil-shaped,

as in the Hexagrammide and Scorpenidz, but the interradial

foramina are closed by an osseous membrane (fig. 3, A).

Classification of the Order Scleroparet. 179

The vertebre number 26 (8+18), the caudals gradually

increasing in length posteriorly ; the first three vertebra have

sessile epipleurals, the next four or five have epipleurals

inserted on short parapophyses.

Division 5. CONGIOPODIFORMES.

Family Congiopodida.

Congiopus (Agriopus) and Zanclorhynchus are well distin-

guished externally by the produced snout, small protractile

mouth, single nostril on each side, and gill-openings restricted

to above the pectorals; further, the suborbitals are well

ossified, the fin-rays are branched, the pelvics are narrow-

based and placed well behind the pectorals, and there are no

pungent anal spines. In all these characters they differ from

the Patecide, which they resemble in the few-rayed pectoral

and caudal fins. In Zanclorhynchus the dorsal fin bas [X 12

rays and begins on the occiput, the head is spiny, the mouth

toothless, and the pelvic fins far behind the pectorals. In

Congiopus there are XVII-XXI 12-14 dorsal rays, the fin

begins above the eye, there are villiform teeth in the jaws,

and the pelvics are further forward.

In Congiopus torvus the skull is essentially similar to that

of the Scorpenide, except that the epiotics unite behind the

supraoccipital, as in Gnathanacanthus; this character by

itself cannot be taken as evidence of relationship to the

Patecide, for the epiotics are but narrowly separated in

some Scorpeenids in which the dorsal fin extends forward on

the head. The post-temporal is not forked and is solidly

united to the epiotic, pterotic, opisthotic, and exoccipital ; the

last emits a process which forms the inner wall of the groove

in which the head of the supra-cleithrum articulates; other-

wise the pectoral arch is Scorpzenid.

The hyo-palatine and opercular bones are all present and

there arc three separate pairs of toothed upper pharyngeals.

There are 39 vertebrae (18+21); parapophyses bearing the

ribs are developed on the precaudals from the sixth.

Division 6. COTTIFORMES.

Opisthotic small; basisphenoid absent. One or two pairs

of dentigerous upper pharyngeals, the third and fourth united

with each other and sometimes with the second. Post-

temporal forked; pectoral radials plate-like, the foramina

180 Mr. C. T. Regan on the Osteology and

small or absent. Preecaudal vertebree with epipleurals sessile

or on short parapophyses; ribs absent or developed on a

few posterior preecaudals only. ‘Two nostrils on each side.

Family 1. Cottida.

From this large and varied family I remove the Cottun-

culidze and Psychrolutidz, but other aberrant types are so

closely connected by intermediate forms with the typical

Cottids that it seems impossible to split the group further.

I cannot recognize even Rhamphocottus as the type of a

distinct family ; the example I have examined has 27 vertebra

Fig. 4.

Pectoral fin skeleton of 1. Icelus bicornis, 2. Hemitripterus americanus,

3. Cottunculus microps, 4. Neophrynichthys latus. The radials are

numbered.

(not 24), and the whole skeleton is Cottid; there are other

members of the family with paired ridges running backward

from the orbits and ending in projections borne by the

parietals.

A good account of the skeleton has been given by Berg;

Classification of the Order Scleroparei. 181

he separates Cottocomephorus from the Cottidee because the

epipleurals are borne on short parapophyses ; but this is the

case in some other genera, particularly Scorpenopsis, and

the character is unimportant.

In Icelus bicornis (fig. 4, 7) the hypercoracoid and hypo-

coracoid are only narrowly separated and but a small part of

the third radial is inserted on the cartilage between them ;

the Agonide are essentially similar, and so is Rhampho-

cottus and a number of other Cottid genera, Jcelinus,

Lriglops, &e.

In Pseudoblennius, Radulinus, Podabrus, &e. the greater

part or even the whole of the third radial is inserted on

cartilage, and in Cottus, Ascelichthys, Enophrys, Oligocottus,

&e. it is inserted direct on the cleithrum; however, it is

often difficult to distinguish between these two conditions,

for the cleithrum may extend to the radials externally to the

cartilage, as in Hemilepidotus and Scorpenichthys, where part

of the second radial and the third are inserted on cartilage

when seen from within, on the cleithrum in an external

view. In Oncocottus, Gymnocottus, Artediellus, and Cerato-

cottus the third and half the second radial, in Glepsias and

Nautichthys the third and all or the greater part of the second

radial are on the cleithrum, these leading to Hemitripterus

(fig. 4, 2).

The Eocene Eocottus may be, in my opinion, a Gobioid,

and Lepidocottus also may belong to the same group.

Family 2. Cottunculide.

Cottunculus differs from the Cottide in the characters given

in the synopsis; the pectoral fin skeleton is figured (fig. 4, 3) ;

the vertebrae number 28 (10+18).

Family 3. Psychrolutide.

Psychrolutes and Neophrynichthys differ from the Cottidee

in the very depressed skull, with a median keel on the upper

surface of the parasphenoid meeting the frontals and forming

a complete interorbital septum. The pectoral fin skeleton is

figured (fig. 4, 4); the vertebre number 40 (14+26) in

Neophrynichthys latus.

Family 4, Comephoride.

Differ from the Cottidee in that the second suborbital is

not or scarcely produced across the cheek; the skeleton is

182 Mr. C. T. Regan on the Osteology and

weakly ossified ; there are 48 to 50 vertebra. The pectoral

fin skeleton is as in generalized Cottide ; the pelvic fins are

absent. Two species of Comephorus are known from the

depths of Lake Baikal; a very good account of the structure

has been given by Berg (‘ Die Cataphracti des Baikal-See,’

1907).

Family 5. Agonide.

The Agonide are extremely closely related to the Cottide,

differing from them only in the complete investment of bony

plates. The pectoral arch is of the most generalized Cottid

type, with the coracoids very narrowly separated by cartilage.

In most of the genera the suborbitals are arranged as in the

Cottide, but in Agonus and related genera they completely

cover the cheek and approximate to those of the Triglide in

form and position.

Family 6. Cyclopteride.

Differ from the Cottidee externally in that the 6-rayed

pelvic fins form a circular suctorial disc; the rays are de-

pressed outwards and their bases are contiguous in the middle

line. The skull is depressed, the alisphenoids are absent,

and the parasphenoid does not extend upwards in front of

the prootic. All four pectoral radials are inserted on the

cleithrum between the widely separated hypercoracoid and

hypocoracoid.

In the Cyclopterine the form is deep, ovate, the spinous

dorsal is separate or absent, the soft dorsal and anal are

rather short and free from the caudal. The vertebrae number

29 (10+19) in Cyclopterus lumpus, the precaudals without

parapophyses. ‘The second suborbital is broad and connected

with the inner ridge of the preeoperculum.

In the Liparidine the tail is long and tapering and the

vertical fins are confluent. The vertebrae number 40 (10+30)

in Liparts montagut, probably more in the other genera;

the preecaudals have hzemal arches from the fourth. The

process of the second suborbital is slender and connected

with the outer margin of the preoperculum.

Gill has given a good account of the characters of this

family, with figures of the skull and pectoral arch (Proc.

U.S. Nat. Mus. xiii. 1891, pp. 361-376).

Suborder 2. GASTROSTEOIDEA.

The characters of most importance that distinguish this

suborder from the preceding are the subabdominal position of

Classification of the Order Scleroparei. 183

the pelvic fins, the pelvic bones not articulating with the

cleithra, and the development of a pair of dermal plates,

ectocoracoids, ankylosed with the hypocoracoids in the adult

fish.

Suborder 3. DACTYLOPTEROIDEA.,

Mesethmoid unossified ; nasals ankylosed to form a large

median plate; no opisthotic; second suborbital a small bone

movably articulated with first and with preoperculum

(fig. 1, A)*. Post-temporal a very large plate suturally united

to epiotic, pterotic, and exoccipital ; supra-cleithrum wedged

in and rigidly united to upper end of cleithrum ; pelvic bones

directly attached to cleithra. First three vertebra elongate,

united by suture ; first attached by suture to basioccipital.

Pectoral base subhorizontal.

In addition to these diagnostic characters may be men-

tioned: the parasphenoid sends up a pair of wings which

meet the frontals and alisphenoids in the interorbital region,

the third suborbital emits a broad subocular lamina, the

hyo-palatine and opercular bones are all present, there are

three pairs of dentigerous upper pharyngeals, the pectoral

radials number four, the lower elongate hourglass-shaped,

and there are no ribs, but a series of epipleurals on the free

preecaudal and anterior caudal vertebre.

This suborder is a remarkably well-defined one, quite

dissimilar to the other Scleroparei. Gill has placed the

Dactylopteride with the Triglide to form the order Craniomi,

on account of supposed resemblances in the structure of the

post-temporal and supra-cleithrum f, but has recognized their

divergence in other characters.

Family Dactylopteride.

I have examined skeletons of Dactylopterus volitans and

Dactyloptena orientalis, In both there are 22 vertebrae

(3+6+13); these are compressed and from the sixth to the

nineteenth bear paired processes directed obliquely upwards

* This small bone, the “ pontinal” of Gill, may be the sermented off

distal end of the second suborbital, in which case the first may be fused

with the przorbital; the interpretation given above is more probably

correct. By this device the strong spine at the angle of the preoper-

culum acquires great freedom of movement without sacrificing the

support of the suborbital stay.

+ The supra-cleithrum of the Dactylopterids was evidently mistaken

for part of the cleithrum, and one or more bony scales that adhere to the

lower part of the posterior end of the post-temporal may haye been taken

for the supra-cleithrum.

184 On the Osteology ce. of the Order Scleroparet.

and outwards from the neural arches ; corresponding ventral

processes are developed from the fourteenth to the nineteenth.

In D. volitans none of the precaudal vertebra have transverse

processes; the united anterior vertebree bear a prominent

neural crest and the first is sutured to the basioccipital and

supraoccipital ; in D. ordental’s the united anterior vertebre

Fig. 5.

SSS

Skulls and anterior vertebrae of A. Dactyloptena orientalis and

B. Dactylopterus volitans, seen from above.

pror, preorbital ; 2, nasal; Jeth, lateral ethmoid ; f, frontal; p, parietal ;

¢, commissural bones; spo, sphenotic ; pto, pterotic ; epo, epiotic ;

soc, supraoccipital ; eoc, exoccipital ; ptte, post-temporal ; v, 0, v2, vs,

vertebree.

have only a low neural crest, but they have transverse pro-

cesses which form a continuous shelf on each side ; those of

the first vertebra are sutured to the exoccipitals and post-

temporals, whilst those of the third are produced outwards

and curve forwards to join the extremities of the post-

temporal; the anterior free precaudals have transverse

processes which decrease backwards and are absent on the

last two. The two genera also differ in cranial structure,

for in D. volitans the epiotics meet behind the supraoccipital

and in front of them the commissural bones appear as con-

stituents of the cranial roof, whereas in D. orientalis the

epiotics are separate and their inner edges diverge backwards.

Also in D. volitans the preorbitals meet at the end of the

snout, but in D. orientalis they are well separated.

Descripiions and Records of Bees. 185

XV.—Descriptions and Records of Bees —XUIX.

By T, D. A. Cockrerett, University of Colorado.

Colletes (lycit subsp. ?) peruvicus, sp. 0.

? .—Length about 8 mm., anterior wing 6,

Black ; hair of head*and thorax rather long and abundant,

below white, above faintly tinged with yellowish, the vertex,

disc of mesothorax, and scutellum with an admixture, not

very conspicuous, of fuscous hairs; mandibles rather dark

chestnut-red ; malar space long, not quite 14 times breadth

of base of mandibles ; labrum with a strong median groove,

and faint ones on each side; clypeus shining, impunctate

laterally, in the middle with a very broad median depression

which is sparsely punctured, its sides above forming a pair

of blunt shining ridges; supraclypeal area smooth and

shining ; eyes very prominent; no distinct prothoracic

spines ; mesothorax brilliantly shining, with minute very

sparse punctures; scutellum shining, the posterior half well

punctured ; area of metathorax a transverse band, with

many closely set ridges; posterior face of metathorax with

a large, shining, smooth, triangular area, but the other parts

roughened ; pleura shining, with sparse small punctures ;

tegule reddish testaceous. Wings hyaline, very faintly

brownish, the rather small stigma rufo-fuscous; nervures

fuscous; second s,m. very broad, receiving first r.n. in

middle. Legs black, with dark rufous tarsi, their hair pale,

a little fuscous on outer side of hind tibia. Abdomen rather

narrow, brilliantly shining, with only the most minute,

hardly visible, punctures, these scattered; hind margins of

segments broadly pale rufous; basal half of first segment

with long greyish-white hair ; second (most clearly toward

base) and the remaining segments with short greyish tomen-

tum, more or less covering the surface ; ; no hair-hands ; apex

with fuscous hair,

Hab. Piura, Peru (C, H, T. Townsend).

This is smaller than C. lycii, Jorgeusen, from Mendoza,

but evidently closely allied. The localities are, however,

over 2000 miles apart, and the partly fuscous hair of the

head and thorax above, the entirely red mandibles, &c. are

distinctive of the Peruvian insect. In the clypeal structure

there is a resemblance to C. sulcatus, Vachal, from Chili.

The known Peruvian Col/etes may be separated thus :—

Legs with hair mostly black ....,......,.... striginasis, Vachal,

Legs with pale hair ............ ahs gece ste y I,

¥) Malarspace yery short). 5.6.8. cle ee eens inflatus, Vachal,

Pinigmcnuees Lom ih aces oo toe ewes es wees peruvicus, Ok,

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser, 8. Vol. xi. 13

186 Mr. TI. D. A. Cockerell—Deseriptions and

Andrena mitsukurti, sp. n.

g .—Length about 11 mm., expanse about 174.

Black, with rather abundant dull white hair, faintly

creamy-tinted on head and thorax, dark fuscous on face

below antennz (but pale about mouth), rather narrowly

fuscous also at sides of front, and some fuscous hair on

thoracic dorsum; fifth abdominal segment at apex, and

sixth segment also, with dark fuscous hair, some black hair

on middle of fourth segment, but the abdomen otherwise

thinly covered with greyish-white erect hair, forming rather

obscure fringes or bands at bases of second and third seg-

ments, but no apical hair-bands, the general appearance of

the abdomen greyish hairy and unbanded. Legs with pale

hair, light fawn on inner side of tarsi. Head not massive,

but broad, the facial quadrangle much broader than long ;

mandibles and cheeks ordinary ; process of labrum broadly

truncate ; antennz long, ordinary, black, third joint a little

longer than fourth ; clypeus irregularly rugosely punctured,

shining between the punctures ; malar space about twice as

broad as long; front and vertex coarsely rugoso-punctate,

a small triangular depression in front of middle ocellus ;

mesothorax brilliantly shining, with strong and large but

well separated punctures ; scutellum more densely and very

irregularly punctured ; metathorax very coarsely sculptured,

the poorly defined area very irregularly and coarsely reticu-

late; tegule piceous. Wings fuscous; stigma dark reddish,

with fuscous margin, nervures dark fuscous ; second s.m.

rather small, higher than broad, receiving first r.n. a little

beyond middle. Legs slender, normal, the small joints of

tarsi dark reddish. Abdomen very coarsely and strongly

punctured, but shining between the dense punctures, punc-

tures on first segment larger than those on the others ;

apical margins of first four segments raised, shining, and

each of these segments with a quite deep, finely rugulose

(not distinctly punctured), transverse submarginal sulcus,

the sulcus and raised margin occupying about one-third of

the second segment. The b.n. falls some distance short

of t.-m.

Hab. Japan (U.S. National Museum, 168).

This and the following species are dedicated to Japanese

naturalists. In Schmiedeknecht’s table of European species

this runs to 98, and runs out because of the dark wings and

prevailingly light hair of body. It is not like any species

described from Japan or China. It resembles the subgenus

Trachandrena, Rob., but the third antennal joint is not

Records of Bees. 187

shorter than the fifth. The strongly raised hind margins of

the abdominal segments give it a very peculiar aspect. The

type of A. mitsukurii also bears the numbers 35, 6, 22, and

something in Japanese.

Andrena watasei, sp. n.

& .—Length about 10} mm., expanse about 18.

Black, with a broad lead and unusually small thorax ;

hair of head and thorax rather long and abundant, greyish

white, dorsally with only the faintest creamy tint, but some

dark grey or blackish hair on scape, sides of front, and

middle of thoracic dorsum; dises of abdominal segments

beyond the second with more or less sooty hair, and that of

apex pale sooty; the abdomen in eeneral, especially the

second and third segments, is thinly clothed with pale hair,

which forms thin inconspicuous bands on the hind margins

of the segments, but only at sides on first, broadly inter-

rupted on “second, and very weak in middle of third, Legs

with white hair, pale purplish brown on inner side of tarsi.

Head much broader than thorax; face covered with long

light hair; facial quadrangle broader than long ; mandibles

rather robust, ordinary ; face and front dull and granular ;

cheeks not enlarged ; antennz long, black, ordinary, third

joint rather short, but longer than fourth ; mesothorax and

scutellum very shiny, with rather small but distinet and

well separated punctures ; mesothorax dull in front; meta-

thorax with very long hair, the area finely rugulose, not

defined ; tegulze piceous. Wi ings strongly reddish, paler

basally, stiema and nervures ferruginous; b.n. meeting

t.-c. ; saeand’s s.m, a little broader below than high, receiving

r.n. a little beyond middle. Legs black, slender, ordinary,

Abdomen shining, with extremely minute punctures, best

seen on first segment; hind margins of segments not

peculiar, second segment depressed about one-fourth. Malar

space very short.

Hab. Japan (U.S, National Museum, 132). Also labelled

30, 9,

In Schmiedeknecht’s table runs to 154, and runs out

because wings are dusky and area of metathorax is only

rugulose. It can be run on with some difficulty to A. pro-

pinqua, from which it differs by the larger size, dark apical

margins of abdominal segments, and generally pale hair of

head and thorax. The general ‘build and appearance of the

insect is very like that of the American 4. sayi, Rob., but

the mesothorax is quite different. No closely similar

Japanese species has been described. i

188 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Deseriptions and

Andrena nawai, sp. u. :

9 .—Length about 13 mm.

Black, including the antenne and legs, except the hind

knees, tibize, and tarsi, which are ferruginous ; head broad,

facial quadrangle considerably broader than long ; hair of

front (especially at sides) and vertex black, but occiput and

cheeks and middle and sides of face with abundant long

fulvous hair; clypeus flat, its disc bare, with a broad im-

punctate band (not at all raised), but otherwise distinctly

and rather closely punctured ; malar space rather large, but

broader than long; facial foveze very broad, dark seal-brown,

not separated from eye, going little below level of antenne ;

third antennal joint a little longer than fourth and fifth

combined; thorax densely clothed with long fulvous hair;

mesothorax dull and granular, scutellum faintly shining ;

area of metathorax triangular, poorly defined, its sides

smoother than the densely granular adjacent parts, and

feebly shining, its middle with a delicate raised line and its

base obscurely rugulose; tegule dark brown, small and

covered with hair. Wings brownish-hyaline, stigma and

nervures dull ferrugimous; b.u. almost reaching t.-m. ;

second s.m. would be square were not the first t.-c. bent

above ; first r.n. joining second s.m. near end ; third s.m.

extremely long. Femora with long pale fulvous hair ;

anterior and middle tibize and tarsi with short fuscous hair ;

hind tibize and tarsi with clear red hair; curled floccus at

base of hind legs large. Abdomen with the surface finely

granular, sericeous, shining, without distinct punctures, hind

margins of segments very narrowly reddish brown; second

segment depressed at least two-fifths, but the depression

feeble ; abdomen with abundant long fulvous hair, which

forms continuous bands on hind margins of segments, but

the bands are only defined by the greater density of the

hair; apex with rufo-fulvous hair.

Hab. Japan (U.S. National Museum, 126).

A well-marked species, running in Schmiedeknecht’s table

nearest to A. opaca, Morawitz, but differing greatly in the

colour of the pubescence. It is very much like A. trimmerana

(Kirby) from France, and must be considered a member of

the same group. In addition to the colour-differences,

however, the sides of the upper part of the metathorax in

trimmerana are rather shining, with a distinct punctiform

sculpture, not entirely opaque and evenly granular as in

nawai.

Records of Bees. 189

Andrena sasakii, sp. ni.

$ .—Length about 12 mm.

Black, including antennz and legs, except that the small

joints of tarsi are ferruginous; hind margins of abdominal

segments broadly rufo-testaceous ; hair of head and thorax

long and abundant, light fulvous, nowhere mixed with’ black

or fuscous ; head broader than thorax, facial quadrangle

much broader than long, cheeks broad but not peculiar,

malar space very short, mandibles normal ; clypeus and face

rugulose, feebly shining, almost hidden by hair ; third an-

tennal joint equal to fourth, fifth shorter ; vertex and front

dull and granular ; mesothorax and scutellum dull and finely

granular; area of metathorax granular, hardly defined,

rugulose at base; tegule dark rufous. Wings brownish

hyaline, stigma and uervures ferruginous; b.n. meeting

t.-m.; second s.m. broad, receiving first r.u. at middle ;

third s.m. not nearly so long asin A. nawai. Legs ordinary,

with pale hair. Abdomen shining, without distinct punc-

tures, thinly covered with pale ochraceous hair, not forming

distinct bands ; apical plate broadly truncate, shallowly sub-

emarginate, with a thick brush of hair beneath ; venter

normal. Process of labrum very broad and low, truncate,

not notched.

Hab. Japan (U.S. National Museum, 133).

Runs in Schmiedeknecht’s table to A. fulvida, Schenck,

but is a considerably larger species, with paler nervures. It

must be allied to the Japanese A. hebes, Pérez, but is larger

and differently sculptured.

I give a key to the known Andrene of Japan :—

Tegument of clypeus variably pale, clypeus

sometimes practically all pale; abdomen

shining, with hind margins of segmeuts

testaceous. (Tokio and Wasaka.) .... kAnutht, Alfk,

Tegument of face wholly black.......... its

1. Clypeus prominent, very convex trans-

versely, straight in profile; scutellum

strongly bigibbous: length 13 mm.

(Vokoharia.)y « osctda<atg gets tn oa ci tie prostomias, Pérez. 2°.

Glypens HOrMmAl ... < .deade 4. toa dan «bie 2.

2. A long spine or tooth near the base of each

BIGGIE. 3c. «ce 4 ord daw bisteae Ascd aerd © o.

Without such a spine or tooth .......... 4,

3. Third antennal joint much shorter than

fourth; cheeks broad, angled behind

above middle. (Yokohama.) ........ dentata, Smith. <o,

Third antennal joint longer than fourth ;

species near to A. feroxr, Kirb. (Yoko-

_ 0 eee ee oe Poti simulans, Pérez. oo.

190

. Abdomen with a delicate bluish tint ; allied

. Species of Sachalin:

Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Deseripiions and

to A. apicata, Sm.: length 18mm. At

flowers of Acer in April. (Tokio.)....

Abdomen not at all metallic ............

. Hair of head and thorax above a lively

red; malar space long; abdomen very

shiny, hairy. “CY okohattia.) 30000030.

Hair of head and thorax fulvous or whitish,

not brightly coloured. .

. Hind margins of abdominal segments ele-

vated; thorax and abdomen with large

strong” PMREEUTES career ie toe pien ees Ce

Hind margins of abdominal segments

normal .

Ce ee at aa eRe CPT cy

11 mm. long ; “hair

whitish ; abdomen with hind mar gins of

segments narrowly yellowish brown ;

tarsi yellowish brown, (Mauka.) ...,

Species of Japan ............

eeeeereeee

. Mesothorax shining and punctured on disc,

Mesothorax dull and roughened or granular.

. Smaller, 85-9 mm. long ; punctures of

thorax very sparse; malar space linear.

At flowers of Yaraxacum in April.

(Tolktio,)), .5:dyaetiee neh eevee is eee ee

Larger, 10°5 mm. long ; punctures ‘of meso-

CC ee

tHOrax Very GIStMCE. oe... cei = ac jeche ee

MOS Miales: tie ects tenters cto Sete Bonet ever

Héninles® asthe ioe ae eee

11. Smaller, length 8-9 mnt; hair mostly

white, black at sides of as S pebabiewee

Larger, length 12 mm.; hair of head and

has light fulvous, - ith no blaek. .

12. Hair of face’ partly black or fuscous .......

14.

Hair of face without black or fuscons

. Thorax above with fuscous hair; scopa of

hind tibia fuscous above and silvery

white DENA... sew ces ame nee cee.

Thorax with long fulvous hair soi 1

Smaller, length 9-10 mm.; species allied

to A. angustior, punctures of clypeus

much stronger and sparser, the intervals

brilliantly shining, and a broad impunc-

tate median line. (Tokio.) ..........

Larger, length 12-13 mm. ..........

. Hair uniform dull yellowish grey, the insect

looking like A. precox, but larger. At

flowers of Acer and Lactuca in April.

(Tokio.)ien 5). 2s thee Fe ee Ue a

Hair pale reddish above, dull white below ;

tibial scopa silvery white: species of the

trimmerana group, with something of

the aspect of A. ferov...... abreta Weems

consimilis, Alfk. Q.

biscutata, Pérez. .

mitsukurit, Cll.

maukensis, Mats.

10.

knuthi, Alfk, @.

watasei, Ckll. ¢.

12,

precociformis, Ckil.

sasaki, Cll.

13.

14.

halictoides, Smith

nawat, Ckll.

hebes Pérez.

japonica, Alfken.

biscutata, Pérez,

Records of Bees. 191

Heteranthidium occidentale (Cresson).

Rito de los Frijoles, New Mexico, Aug. 1912 (Cockerell).

At the same locality I took Anthidium maculosum, Cresson.

Anthidium portere, Cockerell.

Santa Fé, New Mexico, Aug. 1912 (Cockerell); also at

the Rito de los Frijoles.

Melitoma euglossoides, Lep. & Serv. ( fulvifrons, Smith).

Guatemala City, Guatemala, 1912 (J. Rodriguez); a

small male. Quirigua, Guatemala City, nesting in a clay

bank (WW. P.Cockerel/).

Dianthidium ulket perterritum, subsp. n.

? .—Like D, wlkei, but all the markings cream-coloured

instead of rich yellow. The cream-coloured outer sides of

the tibize distinguish this from D. pudens (Cresson), which

also has pale markings. There is an elongated light spot in

front of the anterior ocellus, and a large light band behind

the upper part of each eye.

Hab. Santa Fé, New Mexico, August 1912 (Cockerell),

Celioxys otomita, Cresson.

Quirigua, Guatemala, 1 2, at yellow-golden rod-like

flowers (W. P. Cockerell).

Celioxys azteca, Cresson.

Quirigua, Guatemala, Feb. 11,1 ¢.

Only a female of azteca has been described, but this is

evidently its male. In my table of male Celioxvys in Canad.

Entom., June 1912, it runs to C.sayi, Rob., but is very

different by the narrow and much produced last abdominal

segment. The greater part of the thorax above is red.

Eulema mussitans (Fabr.).

Guatemala City and Quirigna, a female at the latter place

“on a big pea” (W. P. Cockerell).

Eulema fasciata, Lep.

Antigua and Quirigua, Guatemala (JV. P. Cockereil).

192 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Deseriptions and

Euglossa cordata (L.).

Quirigua, Guatemala, 4 9, one marked “flowers of

smaller pea” (W. P. Cockerell). The variety townsendi, Ckll.,

is not separable.

Ptiloglossa mexicana (Cresson).

Quirigua, Guatemala, 1 ¢, at blue flowers of a species of

Labiatz, Feb. 21 (W. P. Cockerell). P.matutina (Schrottky)

is very closely allied.

Ceratina virescens, Friese.

San José, Costa Rica, Nov. 1911 (W. M. Wheeler).

Ceratina nautlana, Cockerell.

Amatitlan, Guatemala, Feb. 1912 (W. P. Cockerell).

Ceratina abdominalis, H. 8. Smith.

Antigua, Guatemala, 1912 (W. P. Cockerell).

Ceratina amabilis, Cockerell.

Quirigua, Guatemala, Feb. 10-20, 6 9 (W. P. Cockerell).

Five were from flowers of Ipomea sidefolia.

Bombus unifasciatus, Smith.

Amatitlan, Guatemala City, and Antigua, Guatemala

(W. P. Cockerell).

Apis mellifera, L.

Guatemala City, Guatemala (J. Rodriguez).

Centris clypeata, Friese.

Antigua, Guatemala (W. P. Cockereil).

Centris tarsata, Smith.

Quirigua, Guatemala, 1 ?, at “flowers of yellow vine”

W. LP. Cockerell).

Exomalopsis similis, Cresson.

Quirigua, Guatemala, February (W. P. Cockerell).

Records of Bees. 193

Agapostemon nasutus, Smith.

Quirigua, Guatemala, 2 ¢, one Feb. 12, at flowers of

Ipomea sidefolia (W. P. Cockerell).

Panurginus pectiphilus, sp. n.

? .—Length about 5 mm., anterior wing 4°25,

Robust, black, with a broad abdomen ; pubescence scanty,

dull white, dense at apex of abdomen and quite thick on

legs ; facial quadrangle broader than long ; eyes dark green ;

mandibles ferruginous, darkened at base and apex; process

of labrum concave above, very broad, the margin gently

rounded ; clypeus and face shining, but strongly and closely

puuctured ; flagellum very bright ferruginous beneath,

except at base, the apical joint also clear red above ; vertex

brilliantly shining, but well punctured; mesothorax and

scutellum shining, but distinctly and rather closely punc-

tured ; middle of metathorax shining, the apical pit deep

and large, the basal enclosure represented by a very narrow

rugose grooves tubercles densely covered with short greyish-

white hair; tegule ferruginous. Wings hyaline, nervures

and stigma rufo-fuscous; b.n. falling a considerable distance

short of t.-m.; second s.m. long, receiving first r. n. about

or a little before the end of its first fourth; tibize and tarsi

with much white hair. Abdomen hairy at sides, apex, and

on venter only; apical margins of segments broadly de-

pressed, minutely transversely lineolate; the discs of seg-

ments minutely roughened or punctate, the second segment

(except the depression) with uniform fine punctures all over,

the surface shining.

Hab. Soledad Cafion, Organ Mts., New Mexico, at flowers

of Pectis papposa ; the hind legs loaded with pollen (C. H. T.

Townsend).

This cannot be the female of P. townsendi, from the same

mountains, owing to the difference in venation. It is a

peculiar, compact little species, not very close to any other

known to me. In the table of ? Panurginus in Entom.

News, May 1907, p. 185, it runs nearest to P. innuptus (at

least the small joints of hind tarsi being clear red), but that

is a much larger insect, and has a large sculptured basal

area of metathorax.

Panurginus nubis, sp. n.

? .—Length nearly 7 mm., anterior wing 5.

Black, rather slender, but with a broad head, the facial

194 Mr. 'T. D. A. Cockerell—Deseriptions and

quadrangle broader than long; pubescence white, scanty,

tinged with yellow on apex of abdomen and inner side of

tarsi; head, thorax, and abdomen brilliantly shining, but

the front, except at sides, dull and densely granular-punctate,

the bases of the second and third abdominal segments also

with broad dull microscopically sculptured bands; apical

part of mandibles dark reddish; process of labrum very

large, shining and concave above, broadly truncate at apex,

but the truncation gently rounded ; clypeus with rather

sparse irregular strong punctures, and a deep median linear

groove on the upper two-thirds ; sides of face shining, with

the punctures running more or less in lines; flagellum dark

castaneous beneath except at base; sides of vertex shining,

irregularly rugoso-punctate; mesothorax shining and

sparsely punctured, with deep median and _parapodial

grooves ; area of metathorax small, finely striate; tubercles

shining, thickly fringed with pale greyish hair; tegule

rufo-testaceous, darker basally. Wings dilute brownish,

the large stigma and neryures fusco-ferruginous; b. n.

falling a trifle short of t.-m.; marginal cell brgadly truncate ;

first r. n. joining second s.m. about one-fourth of the distance

from base. Legs black, hind tarsi dark brown. Abdomen

clongate, the hind margins of the segments very broadly

depressed, the shining depression of second segment about

as broad as the part before, the latter consisting of an opaque

anterior half, and a shining posterior one, the two parts

abruptly separated, but the extreme base narrowly shiny ;

fifth ventral segment deeply grooved in middle, the groove

ending at the apex of a large triangular light ferruginous

area.

Hab. Cloudcroft, New Mexico, Sept. 5 (Cockerell).

A commonplace looking species, but with good characters.

Compared with P. portere it is smaller but very similar, yet

easily distinguished by the second abdominal segment, which

has the abruptly defined opaque basal part so closely

sculptured that the punctures cannot be separately made

out with a lens; whereas in portere the basal part has

distinct punctures, is not opaque, and is not abruptly defined.

Compared with P. ornatipes, P. nubis has a much narrower

thorax and much broader process of labrum. It is not the

female of P. darberi, from the same region, as the meso-

thorax is much more sparsely sculptured, and the paler

stigma is narrower and more pointed at end. On the whole,

P. nubis is closest to P. didirupa, which differs from it by

the broader smooth band between the opaque band and

apical depression on second abdominal segment, the lack of

Records of Bees. 195

a distinct linear sulcus on the clypeus, and the fifth ventral

segment with only a feebly depressed median line and poorly

developed apical area,

Panurginus ximenesia, sp. 0.

? .—Length about 6 mm.

Head and thorax shining black, with scanty white hair,

metathorax dark brown, tubercles light yellow, but face

wholly black ; eyes blue- green ; facial quadrangle broader

than long ; mandibles reddened apically ; process of labrum

rather long and narrow, abruptly truncate ; clypeus sparsely

but distinctly punctured, not sulcate ; middle of front

closely and finely punctured; flagellum rather bright

ferruginous beneath except at base ; mesothorax shining,

with sparse feeble punctures ; metathorax subopaque, shiny

just above the truncation, the extreme base rough, but hardly

any defined area; tegule pellucid testaceous. Wings

hyaline, faintly dusky, stigma and nervures pale reddish

brown; b. n. falling short of t.-m.; first s.m. very long ;

first r. n. joiming second s.m. just beyond end of first fourth.

Legs reddish brown, with white hair, anterior and middle

knees light yellow. Abdomen rather dark red-brown,

shining, the basal halves of second and following segments

dullish, minutely and densely rugoso- punctate, this sculptured

part not abruptly defined; fifth ventral segmeut depressed

in middle.

Hab. Mesilla Park, New Mexico, at flowers of Verbesina

(Ximenesia) exauriculata, close to the Agricultural College,

Sept. 12 (Cockerell, 5057).

A very distinct little species, looking at first like a small

edition of P. perlevis, but readily known by the light

tubercles and details of sculpture, as well as the size.

Another addition to the list of New Mexico Panurginus as

given in Trans. Amer. Entom. Soc. xxxii. p. 299, is P. piercei,

Crawf., which I collected at Raton.

P.S.—My friend Mr. H. Ichinose has kindly interpreted

the Japanese characters on the labels of some of the species

of Andrena described above, as follows :—

Andrena nawai. Shimura field, April 15, 1900.

Andrena watasei. Nikko.

Andrena mitsukurtt. Nishigaha (a town near Tokio).

196 Major T. Broun on some

XVI.—Descriptions of New Zealand Species of Pselaphide

from Dr. Sharp’s Collection in the British Museum. By

Major T. Broun, F.E.S.

A paper containing descriptions of new species of Faronini

was forwarded to London for publication about two months

ago. ‘The present one deals principally with the Euplectini ;

but seven or eight species of the genus Hup/lectopsis must

remain without names at present, as M. Ach. Raffray has

in his possession, from Greymouth, several closely allied,

perhaps identical, species which he may have described at

Rome.

Mount Albert,

Auckland, N.Z.,

4th November, 1912.

List of new Species described, with numbers according with

those in the ‘ Manual of New Zealand Coleoptera,’

EUPLECTINI.

3494. Euplectopsis sanguineus.

3495. A duplicatus.

3496. 3 clavatulus.

3497. Plectomorphus longiceps.

3498. 45 brevicornis.

3499. rr egenus.

3500. Vidamus modestus.

3501. 55 sternalis.

3502. Zealandius fovealis.

BRACHYGLUTINI.

3003. Eupines simplex.

Group Eupuercrini.

Evexectopsis, Raffray.

Wytsman’s Gen. Ins., Pselaphide, 1908, p. 82.

3494. Huplectopsis sanguineus, sp. 0.

Shining, sanguineous; legs and antenne light fusco-

rufous, palpi and tarsi flavescent ; pubescence yellowish

grey, somewhat curled, with a few long erect set behind,

the second and third dorsal segments with some very short,

depressed, brassy, squamiform sete.

Head longer than broad, evidently smaller than the

thorax, slightly narrowed behind, with obtuse hind angles ;

depressed and smooth in front, antennal tubercles some-

what elevated but small, the fovez rather ill-defined, placed

New Zealand Pselaphide. 197

further back than the eyes and prolonged forwards, the

occiput and,sides distinctly punctate. Eyes small, composed

apparently of three or four coarse facets. Thorax about as

long as broad, widest and rounded at, or just before, the

middle, rather more narrowed infront than behind ; central

channel deep and broad, extending from near the apex to

the rather broader basal depression, which is connected ‘with

the deep lateral foveze by a groove. ‘The sides in front of

these fovez seem swollen and the base is bipunctate. Hlytra

quite a third longer and broader than the thorax, a little

narrowed before the middle; sutural strize well-marked,

deep, broad and foveiform at the base; intra-humeral

impressions also broad and deep at the base, the interval

between each of these and the sutural stria appearing sub-

carinate ; they become obsolete towards the middle and, in

certain lights, seem duplicated; the suture is minutely

seriate-punctate, the rest of the surface has a few indistinct

scattered punctures. Hind body much shorter than the

elytra, curvedly narrowed and deflexed behind, with a few

very fine punctures, basal segment horizontal and quite as

long as the next one.

Antenne shorter than the head and thorax, rather slender ;

basal two joints almost equal, stout and oblong ; joints 3-8

small and subglobular, slightly broader than long, ninth

similar to the preceding one and only a little larger, tenth

transverse, yet scarcely twice the breadth of the eighth, the

terminal elongate-conical, distinctly acuminate and fully

the length of the preceding four combined.

Most nearly allied to the northern EF, tumidus (3379), but

with even more acuminate terminal joints to the antennz, the

other joints also different. ‘The head is rather smaller, more

deeply depressed in front, so that its hinder portion is more

convex in the middle, and it is less punctate ; the elytra are

broader behind.

9. Length 12 ; breadth } mm.

Greymouth. One, found by Mr. R. Helms, in Dr. Sharp’s ji

collection, British Museum.

3495. Euplectopsis duplicatus, sp. n.

Nitid, slightly convex, moderately elongate, not slender ;

somewhat castaneo-rufous, elytra brighter, legs and autennze

of a paler hue, tarsi and palpi flavescent ; sparingly clothed

with suberect, unequally elongate, yellowish hairs, the head

with numerous shorter decumbent ones.

Head not much smaller than the thorax, moderately

closely and distinctly punctate: gene narrowed behind,

198 Major T. Broun on some

with obtuse angles ; the fovee rather shallow, not distinctly

extending forwards to the rather fiat forehead; antennal

tubercles distant and small. Eyes moderately large, not

very convex, situated at the middle. Thorax of about equal

length and breadth, rounded and widest just before the

middle, rather more narrowed in front than behind ; it is

quité distinctly but irregularly punctured, most closely near

the base ; lateral fovee subrotundate and deep, without any

definite anterior prolongation, and not distinctly united to

the semicircular basal fossa, discal furrow moderately broad

and deep and almost reaching the apex. Elytra subquadrate,

with somewhat rounded shoulders, a little depressed at the

base and apex, without definite punctation; sutural strie

broad, deep, and foveiform at the base, but duplicated for

most part of their length, the outer border of each carinate

at the base, more feebly so behind; intra-humeral im.

pressions also deep and broad at the base, but becoming

obsolete towards the middle. Hind body rather shorter than

the elytra, much narrowed and deflexed near the extremity.

the basal three segments subequal.

Legs rather long, simple.

Antenne fully the length of the head and thorax ; basal

joint cylindrical and nearly twice as long as broad, second

oviform, evidently longer than broad, the next small and

subovate, joints 4-8 small and moniliform, the eighth

shortest, fifth and seventh slightly larger than adjacent ones,

ninth moderate, distinctly larger than the preceding one,

but not as broad as the transverse tenth, the terminal one

nearly the length of the preceding three combined, conical

and acuminate.

Underside finely pubescent, pale chestnut-red. Prosternum

carinate along the middle. Metasternum convex and

moderately elongate. Basal verftral segment covered by the

femora, second obtusely elevated across the middle for nearly

half of its whole breadth and minutely ciliate behind, third

curvedly depressed across the middle of the base and about

as long as the following two singly, sixth large, obtusely

triangular, the operculum distinct, oviform, and extending

from the apex nearly to the base.

After studying the descriptions of the five species (3198-

3202) referred to Trichonyz by Herr Reitter, I feel pretty

sure that the peculiar duplication of the sutural strie and

the rather piane head are sufficiently good distinguishing

characters. None described by me are exactly similar.

g. Length 14; breadth § mm.

Greymouth (Helms). British Museum, A single male

from Dr. Sharp’s collection.

New Zealand Pselaphidee. 199

3496. Euplectopsis clavatulus, sp. n.

Elongate, not slender, slightly convex, nitid, finely,

irregularly, but not closely punctate ; castaneo-rufous, legs

and antenne paler, palpi and tarsi flavescent; rather thinly

clothed with decumbent, distinct, greyish pubescence.

Head smaller than the thorax, genz nearly straight, with

obtuse angles; the foveew distinct, more or less confluent

in front, antennal tubercles distant, rather small. Thorax

narrow, oviform, rather longer than broad, moderately

rounded near the middle, less narrowed bebind than in

front, where it is almost as broad as the occiput ; discal

furrow well marked, extending from the base nearly to the

apex, lateral fovez subrotundate, rather large and deep, and

united to the rather narrow basal depression. Elytra sub-

oblong, about a third longer than the thorax, evidently

broader than it is, a little rounded near the shoulders ;

sutural striz well marked throughout but not broad, puncti-

form at the base, with a basal puncture alongside each; the

intra-humeral impressions short and broad, indistinctly

duplicated, bipunctate at the base. Hind body as broad as

the wing-cases, deflexed behind and therefore appearing

shorter, the basal three segments slightly increasing. Legs

stout, the anterior tibiz somewhat arched and longer than

the others.

Antenne rather shorter than the head and_ thorax,

moderately stout, gradually incrassate from the seventh

joint onwards; second joint oblong-oval, nearly as long as

the basal, third slightly longer than broad, fourth and fifth

about equal, neither quite as long as broad, sixth smallest,

seventh rather broader than the sixth, joints 8-10 suc-

cessively dilated, eleventh conical, subacuminate, hardly the

length of the preceding three.

Metasternum moderately elongate and convex. Basal

ventral segment partly covered by the femora, segments 2-4

slightly increasing, fifth widely curved behind, barely half

the length of its predecessor in the middle, sixth semi-

circularly emarginate, the seventh with a distinct oblong

operculum.

Rather broader than Reitter’s L. longicollis (3198), and at

once differentiated by the gradual enlargement of the last

five antennal joints, forming a sort of elongated club;

and as each elytron is quadripunctate at the base, this species

exhibits two well-marked characters which, in conjunction,

and independently of details of sculpture, separate it from

any other species known to me.

3. Length 12; breadth quite } mm.

200 Major T. Broun on some

Greymouth. Found by Mr. Helms. One example in

Dr, Sharp’s collection, British Museum.

PLecromoreavs, Raffray.

Wytsman’s Gen. Ins., Pselaphide, 1908, p. 105.

3497. Plectomorphus longiceps, sp. n.

Subdepressed, shining, sanguineous, antenne and legs

paler, palpi and tarsi fulvescent; pubescence greyish,

mingled with long erect hairs.

Head large, as long as the thorax and, in line with the

moderately prominent eyes, as broad as it is, gene

slightly narrowed towards the rounded hind angles; its

surface shining but minutely asperate, the central portion

obtusely elevated as far as the eyes, broadly depressed be-

tween, and just behind, the elevated antennal tubercles,

which are vertical in front ; the well-marked fovez, situated

just behind the eyes, are prolonged to the frontal depression.

Thorax quite as long as broad, widest and rounded before

the middle, more narrowed in front than behind; its

sculpture similar to, but more distant than, that of the head ;

mesial channel deep, extending from the apex to the angulate

basal depression, this is united to the lateral fovee, which

are prolonged as grooves almost to the apex. Elytra sub-

quadrate, distinctly narrowed before the middle, of equal

length and breadth, with fine indefinite sculpture ; sutural

strie broad and deep, not distinctly foveate at the base,

intra-humeral impressions also broad and deep, indistinetly

prolonged to the middle. Hind body nearly as broad as

but evidently shorter than the elytra, basal segment slightly

longer than the next, with a short median depression in

front, these two are horizontal, the others deflexed.

Antenne elongate, as long as the head and thorax, rather

slender, finely pubescent ; basal joint cylindrical, quite twice

as long as broad, second fully haif the length of the first,

oblong, joints 38-6 decreasing in length, more or less longer

than broad, eighth very slightly broader than the oviform

seventh, ninth rather broader than the eighth, bead-like,

but hardly as broad as the subquadrate tenth, the terminal

conica!, subacuminate, nearly as long as the preceding two

combined.

When compared with the type of the genus, P. spinifer

(2476), this is seen to be larger, its head is manifestly Jonger,

more oviform, and with obsolete hind angles, the thorax is

longer, the elytra are more narrowed near the base, with

New Zealand Pselaphide. 201

larger intra-humeral impressions, the abdomen is shorter,

but the antenne are longer, with a decidedly more elongate

basal joint.

?. Length 24; breadth 2? mm.

Greymouth (Helms). One from Dr. Sharp’s collection in

the British Museum,

3498. Plectomorphus brevicornis, sp. nu.

Elongate, rather narrow, glossy, with greyish-yellow,

depressed and suberect but not very elongate, pubescence ;

head and thorax sanguineous, abdomen more infuscate, elytra

fulvo-rufous, legs and antenne of a lighter hue, tarsi and

palpi flavescent.

Head as broad, in line with the rather large moderately

convex eyes, as the middle of the thorax but a good deal

shorter than it is, the genz distinctly narrowed behind, with

obtuse hind angles; its narrow central portion is convex

and projects as far as the front of the eyes ; the depression

between the antennal tubercles is divaricate and extends

backwards near each side, becoming gradually broader and

deeper near the base, so that the usual fovee are obliterated.

At the middle of the base there is a minute angular

impression. Thorax scarcely longer’ than broad, slightly

rounded and widest before the middle, only very slightly and

gradually narrowed behind, more, and quite obliquely, in

front ; central channel deep, extending from near the apex to

the base, but hardly any broader behind than at the middle,

so that the common basal depression is only marked off by

the strip uniting it to the large lateral fovez, which are

prolonged as grooves to the front. Hlytra suboblong, a third

longer than the thorax, slightly narrowed near the shoulders,

indistinctly punctate; sutural striz deep, foveiform at the

base, alongside each there is a basal fovea which is nearly

equal in size to the short, foveiform intra-humeral im-

pressions. Hind body nearly as long and broad as the elytra,

with the basal three segments nearly horizontal and equal.

Legs sleuder, simple. .

Antenne shorter than the head and thorax, with elongate

slender pubescence; the suboblong (rotundate in one

antenna) second joint nearly as long as the basal ; joints

3-8 transverse, fifth and seventh only a little larger, the

sixth and eighth rather smaller than the other ones, ninth

nearly double the size of the eighth and almost as broad as

the transverse tenth, the terminal one conical but not acu-

minate, hardly the length of the preceding two combined.

Ann, & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xi. 14

202 Major T. Broun on some

The relatively large eyes, occupying a third of the length

of each side of the rather short head, the unusual basal

sculpture of the elytra, and the short antennze, all the joints

of which except the basal two and the eleventh are t:ansverse,

indicate a new form intermediate between this genus and

Euplectopsis. Though more like the latter genus in form,

its broad head and trisuleate thorax do not accord with

typical species, and as there is only a solitary individual, it

is not advisable to institute a new genus for its reception.

Length 12; breadth 4 mm.

Auckland. British Museum, from Dr. Sharp’s collection.

3499. Plectomorphus egenus, sp. 0.

Nitid, very slightly convex, fulvo-testaceous ; legs and

antenne paler, bearing depressed, slender, greyish pubescence.

Head as large as the thorax, rounded behind the rather

large eyes, with obsolete hind angles, the fovee prolonged

and confluent in front, antennal tubercles slightly elevated

and distinctly separated. Thorax rather broader than long,

a little rounded and widest near the front, obliquely nar-

rowed there, very gradually behind; central channel broad

and deep, extending almost from the apex to the base, with

a transverse stria uniting it to the lateral fovee, which

extend as grooves to the front. E/ytra slightly narrowed

before the middle, suboblong, with broad sutural striz ;

these are punctiform at the base, with a distinct basal punc-

ture alongside each, intra~-humeral impressions foveiform,

rather short and only obsoletely prolonged backwards. Hind

body almost as broad as the elytra, but much shorter, its

basal segment nearly as long as either of the next two.

Legs simple, slender.

Antenne rather stout, of nearly the same length as the

head and thorax, with slender pubescence ; second joint

subrotundate and about as large as the exposed portion of

the first, third small, slightly narrowed at the base, joints

4-8 transversely moniliform, the sixth and eighth just

perceptibly smaller than the seventh, ninth and tenth

transverse, the former not quite as broad as the other,

eleventh conical, not acuminate, nearly equalling the

preceding two.

Less elongate and convex than P. brevicornis, with almost

similarly formed antenne, the head rather broader and

more curvate behind, the thorax and elytra slightly shorter,

the intra-humeral impressions not so deep, and the abdomen

New Zealand Pselaphide. 203

evidently shorter. Fully matured individuals are doubtless

more rufescent.

Length 14; breadth 4 mm.

Tairua. This seems to be another of my unique specimens

sent to Dr. Sharp and now preserved in the British Museum.

Vipamus, Raffray.

Wytsman’s Gen, Ins., Pselaphidaw, 1908, p, 89,

3500, Vidamus modestus, sp. n.

Elongate, rather narrow, subparallel, nitid, very slightly

convex, castaneo-rufous, with the antenne and legs paler,

tarsi and palpi flavescent; clothed with depressed, short,

yellowish-grey pubescence.

Head rather short, gradually yet distinctly narrowed

behind the moderately large eyes, its hind angles obtuse and

but little broader than the thoracic apex in the female; in

‘the male subquadrate, with the obtuse hind angles evidently

broader than the front of the thorax; the forehead obtusely

angulate in the middle and oblique towards the sides,

the fovez situated just behind the eyes and _ prolonged

into the slight impression across the forehead. Thorax

small, subcordate, rounded and widest just before the middle,

with a large rotundate fovea at each side and ‘an angulate

depression in the middle in front of the base, united by a

transverse stria ; the basal margin is tripunctate. Eliytra

suboblong, slightly narrowed near the shoulders, without

perceptible punctation, sutural striz well marked, deepest

at the base, where there is a small puncture near each ;

intra-humeral impressions foveiform. Hind body rather

narrower than the elytra but nearly as long, basal segment

almost as long as the second or third, the others defiexed.

Legs rather slender, simple.

Antenne shorter than the head and thorax, distinctly

pubescent towards the extremity ; second joint oblong-oval,

about as long as the basal, third smaller than second, yet

distinctly longer than broad, fourth to eighth small and

moniliform, fifth and seventh slightly larger, ninth dis-

tinctly larger than eighth, but not as broad as the transverse

tenth, the terminal conical and acuminate, longer than the

preceding two united.

Male.— Underside chestuut-red, finely pubescent ; abdomen

finely punctate, segments 2-4 slightly decreasing, fifth rather

14*

204 Major T. Broun on some

shorter than fourth, slightly but widely emarginate behind,

sixth large, deeply medially concave behind, the supple-

mentary one subquadrate.

Much more slender than Sharp’s Euplectus convexus (254)

and differing from all the older species described by myself

by the shorter, posteriorly narrowed, head of the female and

other details.

Length 12; breadth 4} mm.

Tairua, Auckland. Three found by myself and sent to

Dr. Sharp about forty years ago. In the British Museum.

3501. Vidamus sternalis, sp. n.

Elongate, subdepressed, shining, finely punctate, with

fine, suberect, yellowish-grey pubescence ; head, thorax,

and abdomen castaneo-rufous; elytra, legs, and antennz

fulvescent.

Head not perceptibly narrower than the middle of the

thorax, with rounded hind angles; the foveze are placed

near the base and extend forwards as broad channels to the

slightly raised frontal margin ; when examined sideways the

transverse frontal impressionseems obsolete. Thoraa slightly

longer than broad, rounded and widest just before the

middle, the postmedian depression angular and ending as a

puncture at the basal margin ; there is another basal punc-

ture at each*side of the middle; lateral foveze deep, united

to the central depression by a groove. E/ytra suboblong,

a little narrowed near the shoulders, fully a third longer

and broader than the thorax; sutural striz well marked,

punctiform at the base, and with a small basal puncture

alongside each; intra-humeral impressions short, each

minutely bipunctate at the base. Hind body as long as the

elytra, the intermediate segments about equal. Legs simple.

Antenne as long as the head and thorax; second joint sub-

quadrate and shorter than the basal one, third and fifth

slightly larger than the fourth, joints 6-8 slightly increasing

in breadth, ninth not as broad as the transverse tenth.

terminal one twice the length of its predecessor.

Underside chestuut-red. Metasternum with a punctiform

fovea behind each of the middle coxze and another near each

side. Abdomen elongate; second and third segments equal,

each longer than the basal one, fifth densely and minutely

setose in front, with a limear impression across the middle,

so that this segment seems duplicated (no distinct suture,

however, can be seen), sixth large, slightly rounded behind,

but damaged and detached.

New Zealand Pselaphide. 205

The head and thorax are longer than those of V. modestus,

the sutural striz are deeper and broader, the antenne are

more incrassate towards the extremity, and the metasternal

foveze have not been noticed in any other species.

Length 2; breadth nearly } mm.

Greymouth (Helms). One from Dr. Sharp’s collection,

British Museum.

ZEALANDIvS, Raffray.

Wytsman’s Gen, Ins., Pselaphids, 1908, p. 111.

3502. Zealandius fovealis, sp. n.

Elongate, rather narrow, nitid, head subopaque ; clothed

with decumbent greyish pubescence and long upright sete ;

dark rufous, legs and antenne pale chestuut-red, tarsi and

palpi tlavescent.

Head smaller than the thorax, narrowed in front of the

minute eyes; genz slightly narrowed behind, with obtuse

angles, moderately closely and distinctly punctate ; antennal

tubercles distant and slightly elevated, the fove small,

situated just behind the eyes and only indistinctly prolonged

to the flattened forehead. Thorux subcordate, widest before

the middle, more gradually narrowed behind than in front,

of about equal length and breadth, more distinctly punc-

tured near the base than elsewhere; discal furrow mode-

rately deep and extending from near the apex to the angular

basal depression ; lateral foveee subrotundate, without any

perceptible auterior prolongation, and not definitely cou-

nected with the basal fossa. Hlytra scarcely longer than

broad, curvedly narrowed towards the base and but littie

wider than the thorax there ; they are only slightly trans-

versely convex and somewhat indefinitely punctured ;

sutural striz broad, foveiform and deep at the base, and

apparently duplicated, the dorsai nearly similar but more

shallow behind, the interstices carinate. Abdomenas long as

the wing-cases, as broad at the base, but narrowed and

deflexed posteriorly ; basal three segments nearly horizontal

and slightly increasing.

Antenne as long as the ‘fad and thorax, rather thickly

pubescent towards the extremity ; basal joint red, cylindrical,

its length nearly double the breadth, second shorter, oblong-

oval, the next distinctly narrowed at the base, joints 4-7

moniliform and almost equal, eighth smaller than seventh,

contracted apically, ninth and tenth subquadrate, the latter

206 On some New Zealand Pselaphide.

the larger, both evidently larger than the preceding ones, the

terminal one largest, conical and acuminate,

Only a single species has been recorded from the same

locality—Z. fulgens (3384) ; but it is a much broader insect,

with a large Vidamus-like head, and, moreover, the lateral

thoracic fovee are prolonged as grooves to the front. It

differs also from the other members of Section 2 by the more

elongate hind body, narrower head, and the almost entire

absence of the usual transverse connecting stria between

the lateral foveze and basal fossa.

Length 12; breadth } mm.

Greymouth (Mr. R. Helms). One (a female, I believe) ~

from Dr. Sharp’s collection, British Museum.

Group BrRacHYGLUTINI.

EKurinss, King.

Wytsman’s Gen. Ins., Pselaphidée, 1908, p. 206.

3503. Hupines simplex, sp. n.

Glabrous, shining, smooth, moderately convex; piceo-

rufous, with the legs and antenne rufescent, tarsi and palpi

obscurely testaceous.

Head subquadrate, somewhat narrowed behind the mode-

rately large eyes, with two small interocular fovez, and (in

the male only) biimpressed in front. Thorax about as long

as broad, rounded and widest before the middle, without

definite sculpture. Hlytra nearly double the length and

breadth of the thorax and, in conjunction with the abdomen,

of uninterruptedly oval contour, with fine sutural strie.

Legs elongate, simple.

Antenne as long as the head and thorax, their terminal

three joints more thickly pubescent than the others and

distinctly larger; basal joint stouter but hardly any longer

than the oblong second, third and fourth rather smaller

than the following one, seventh and eighth bead-hke and

slightly broader than the preceding ones, ninth transverse,

distinctly broader than the eighth but smaller than the tenth,

the terminal one large, subconical, twice the length of the

tenth.

Underside dark red, finely and distantly punctate, with

numerous slender, decumbent, yellowish hairs. Metasternum

unimpressed. Basal ventral segment invisible in the middle,

second nearly as large as the remaining ones combined, the

next two very short in the middle, the terminal large.

On the Coleopterous Genus Lemodes. 207

Female.—Thorax with a slight transverse impression near

each side of the base. Antennal joints 9 and 10 evidently

narrower than the large terminal one.

E. piciceps (233) is the nearest ally, but in it joints 2-7 of

the antennie are evidently longer than broad.

Length 14; breadth quite 4 mm.

Tairua, Auckland. Sent by myself to Dr. Sharp about

forty years ago, both sexes; now in the British Museum.

XVII.—On the Systematic Position of the Coleopterous Genus

Lemodes (Heteromera), with Notes on some Allied Genera.

By K. G. Buarr, B.Sc., F.E.S.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

THE genus Lemodes was created in 1858 by Boheman (‘ Voy.

de la Frégate Eugénie,’ Ins. p. 103) for the reception of

the brilliant little Australian Z. coccinea, Bohem., and was

placed by its author in the family Pyrochroide. Here it

was left by Lacordaire (Gen. Col. v. p. 604) with an

expression of doubt as to its being correctly included in the

family, from the other members of which it presents many

points of difference.

Since this date (1859) many other species of the genus

have been described without any alteration being made

in its systematic position: in 1873 Macleay described

LL. mastersi from Gayndah, Queensland (Trans. Ent. Soc.

N.S.W. ii. p. 308) ; in 1883 Oberthiir (Col. Novit. i. p. 63)

described Z. albertisi from New Guinea and ZL. atricollis

from Victoria (a further note on the latter by M. Pic

appeared in ‘ L’Echange,’ xxii. 1906, p. 56); in 1895 Lea

(Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. W. (2) x. p. 282) described L. elongata

and ZL. corticalis, followed in 1906 (op. cit. vol. xxxi. p. 226)

by L. splendens, all from New South Wales; while, to con-

clude the list, in Ann. & Mag, Nat. Hist. (8) ix. 1912, p. 533,

I added ZL. ceruletventris and L. tumidipennis.

The last species was described upon a single specimen

bearing no nearer indication of its habitat than ‘‘ Australia,”

but since then, by the courtesy of Commander Walker, I

have been enabled to examine a series of the same species

taken by him in conjunction with Mr. H. J. Carter at Otford

in the [Illawarra district, Sydney. Mr. Carter informs me

further that it occurs in the North Coast district also. It is

found on or under rotten bark and in the rotten wood of old

208 On the Coleop'erous Genus Lemodes.

timber in the “scrub,” and apparently feeds on the fungoid

growths infesting such situations. It is not gregarious like

L. coccinea, Boh.

L. tumidipennis differs very considerably from the other

species of the genus Lemodes, not only in the peculiar form of

the elytra, which may indeed be considered merely an exagge-

ration of that which is found in L. coccinea, but also in the

lack of the long silky red pubescence, with which the others

are for the most part clothed, and more particularly in the

shape of the head, which instead of being strongly transverse

and subtriangular in outline, and almost truncate behind the

eyes, is almost circular in outline and strongly rounded

behind the eyes. The prothorax is about half as long again

as it is broad and more strongly compressed laterally before

the base, so that it appears to bulge out dorso-ventrally.

These characters certainly warrant generic separation, and

I propose for it the name Lemodinus.

The small size and general facies of this insect give it a

distinctly Anthicid appearance, indeed a search amongst the

unnamed Anthicid material in the Museum Collection re-

vealed the presence of some of the specimens taken by

Commander Walker and presented by him. An examination

of the characters, together with those of Lemodes, proves

that both these genera should be transferred to the Anthi-

cide. The deep form of the body, not at all depressed, the

more or less moniliform antenne, the small, entire, and

prominent eyes, the constricted prothorax, and, finally, the

broad triangular intercoxal process of the abdomen all point

to their true affinities with the Anthicide and are characters

all quite foreign to the Pyrochroide. Herr von Krekich-

Strassoldo informs me further that the genitalia agree in

general with those of the Anthicide, and that the lower wings,

while belonging, as do those of all the Heteromera, to Gangl-

bauer’s Type III. (Miinchener Koleopt. Zeitschr. 1903, p.292,

or Gahan in Entom. vol. xliv. 1911, p. 125), yet in Lemodes

show amore developed form than appears in the Pyrochroide ;

in the Anthicide these organs show very considerable variety

in their degree of development.

To the same group of genera as indicated by Mr. Black-

burn (Trans. Roy. Soc. 8. Austr. 1899, vol. xxiii, p. 83)

belongs his genus Trichananca. Myr. Blackburn has suffi-

ciently demonstrated the relationship of 1. victoriensis,

Blackbn., with Jemodes, indeed he considered that L. corti-

calis, Lea=T. victoriensis, Blackbne (the latter name taking

precedence); while an examinationof the type of J’. victordenszs

now in the collection of the British Museum makes it clear

On S. American Leporide. 209

that its relationship with the Anthicid genus Tomoderus is at

least equally close. From Tomoderus, Trichananca differs

in the peculiar formation of its anterior tarsi and in its more

slender antenne, the individual joints of which are all con-

siderably elongate. I cannot accept Blackburn’s statement

that “the relation between the head and the prothorax is

quite as in Techmessa”? (Cidemeride). In that genus the

head is not constricted behind, but fits directly into the

prothorax, whereas in Trichananca the head is sharply con-

stricted behind, forming a very distinct neck, which, however,

is to a great extent sunk in the prothorax. The relation

between the head and prothorax in T’richananca is remarkably

similar to that in Tomoderus compressicollis, Motsch. ‘This

character was correctly recognized by Lea in his description

ot Lemodes corticalis.

XVIII.—Notes on S. American Leporide.

By OupFieLtp THomas.

(Published by permission of the Trusiees of the British Museum.)

(1) Tue SMA “ Tapeti”’ or Rio JANEIRO.

IN common with other authors, I have hitherto taken the

small Rio Janeiro hare as being Linné’s Lepus brasiliensis,

pending the identification of an exact locality for the

latter.

Now, however, that, in the course of my studies on the

‘ Systema Naturz,’ Pernambuco has been fixed as the type

locality of L. brasiliensis *, a renewed examination of the

Eastern Brazilian hares is needed.

Among the several series of hares obtained by A. Robert

in Brazil is a set of nine specimens from Lamarao, Bahia, a

locality on the railway that runs north-westwards from the

town of Bahia, and therefore not so very far from Pernam-

buco. For the moment, therefore, these may be treated as

true L. brasiliensis.

This animal, while slightly smaller than my “ Z.minensis”

from the Rio Jordao,is undoubtedly of the same group

(skull about 70 mm. in total length), and I am now of

opinion that the forms which have been termed minensis,

* P. Z.S. 1911, p. 146. Pallas’s Lepus tapeti, being equally based on

Marcgrave’s Tapeti, is an absolute synonym of S, brasiliensis,

210 Mr. O. Thomas on

chapadensis, and paraguensis should all be considered as

subspecies of brasz/iensis, while an additional subspecies from

Peru is described below.

But the little hare of Rio Janeiro, hitherto taken for

brasiliensis, is certainly an entirely different species, and may

be called

Sylvilagus tapetillus, sp. n.

Size exceedingly small, skull little larger than that of the

smallest N. American hares. General coloration dark,

strongly contrasted. Light rings on dorsal hairs buffy,

little lighter on sides. Light nostril patch large, white,

conspicuous ; cheeks blackish. Superciliary streak broad,

strongly marked. Ears rather long for this group, their

proectote grizzled tawny basally, black terminally. Nuchal

patch dark rufous. Fore feet pale tawny ; hind feet mixed

_ davny aiid waitisn. .

Skull small, slender, witu s2rrow muzzle. Postorbital

processes slender, anchylosed terminally ¢o the skull in the

type, and merely leaving a narrow foramen.about 2 mm. in

length. Palatal foramina narrow. Bulle rather small.

Teeth with the approximated enamel walls of the anterior

and posterior laminz less strongly crenulated than usual ;

anterior premolar with only three convex loops of enamel

anteriorly.

eee ne of the type (measured on the badly prepared

skin) :—

Head and body 295 mm.; hind foot 70 ; ear 46 (dry).

Skull: greatest length 61; condylo-incisive length 55;

zygomatic breadth 32°5; nasals, length 24, breadth ante-

riorly 8:3, posteriorly 11:7 ; interorbital breadth (on ridges,

not at notch) 14°6; breadth of brain-case 24°3; palatal

foramina 14°5x 5; breadth of palatal bridge 7 ; upper tooth-

series (alveoli) 13.

Hab. Rio Janeiro. Type from Porto Real, near Rezende.

Type. Old specimen, sex indeterminable. B.M. no.

92.11.24.3. Collected by L. Hardy de Dréneuf.

This little hare is readily distinguishable from all the

members of the Sylvilagus brasiliensis group by its much

smaller size. Its distribution would seem to be limited to

the near neighbourhood of Rio de Janeiro.

(2) Tae Hare or EasTern PERv.

Sylvilagus brasiliensis inca, subsp. n.

A dark strongly coloured race of brasiliensis.

Size and general characters as in S. brastliensts; colour

S. American Leporide. 211

much darker than in any of the other races, and especially

darker than in the nearest one geographically, the pale

S. b. chapade. Back heavily overlaid with black, the light

rings strong buffy, paler on sides, Under surface greyish

white. Chin and nostril patches pure white. Crown mixed

tawny and black. Superciliary streak cream-buff, strongly

contrasted. Cheeks heavily blackened. Ears with the

basal halves of their proectote strongly tawny, the terminal

halves blackish. Nuchal patch large, rich tawny. Hands

and feet pale tawny above. ‘Tail dull buffy basally, the end

smoky brown above, dull buffy below.

Skull about as in brasiliensis, the tip of the muzzle narrow

and pointed, the postorbital processes rather slender, the

palatal foramina narrow, and the bulle inconspicuously

smaller than in the eastern races.

Dimensions of the type (measured on the skin) :—

Head and body 365 mm. ; hind foot 75 ; ear 40.

Skull: greatest length 70 ; condylo-incisive length 61°7 ;

zygomatic breadth 35; nasals, length 27, breadth ante-

riorly 8, posteriorly 13°7; interorbital breadth on ridges 17 ;

intertemporal breadth 14°3; breadth of brain-case 26 ;

palatal foramina 19 x 6°3 ; upper tooth-series (alveoli) 14.

Hab. Marcapata, E. Peru. Type from Cadena.

Type. Adult female. B.M.no. 4.12.4.15. Collected in

1902 by J. Kalinowski. Received in exchange from the

Branicki Museum, Warsaw. ‘Three specimens.

This Peruvian race of the Brazilian hare is readily dis-

tinguishable by its dark strongly contrasted colours.

forms referable to what I should consider S. brasiliensis

in the broad sense range over the southern half of Brazil,

and westwards to Peru. Northwards they range into

Colombia, and will probably be found to intergrade with

S. gabbi. Then on the north coast and islands of Colombia

and Venezuela there occurs S. cumanicus, from which, with

topotypes of both before me, I scarcely think S. margarite

and superciliaris can be distinguished. SS. ortnoct, however,

is a more isolated form, tending again towards S. brasiliensis.

The Andean hares, S$. merddensis, andinus, and their allies,

form another group, very different looking externally, but

really essentially related to the rest. Finally, the black-

naped hares of Maracaibo and Oruba Island, N. Venezuela

(S. nigronuchalis and its rather dubious subspecies continents),

are the most obviously different from the rest of all the

S. American Leporide.

212 Mr. O. Thomas on

(3) THe MounTAIn Hares oF THE Srzvrzéeus anyvrnus

GROUP.

A number of hares, or, as Americans call them, rabbits,

from different parts of Ecuador and N. Peru have long been

in the British Museum under the name of Sylvtlagus andinus

(Lepus andinus, ‘Vhos., 1887), but a renewed examination of

of them shows that they consist of at least four definable

forms, while a fifth, very different from any, is now being

described by Sr. Cabrera. With the exception of the two

original specimens of andinus (obtained by W. Rosenberg)

all the British Museum specimens are from the collection of

the late P. O. Simons.

Examples referable to true andinus, recognizable by its

large rufous nape-patch, which always extends beyond the

laid-back ears, and may reach the withers, are in the

collection from Cayambe, N.E. of Quito ; Guaillabamba, near

Riobamba ; the Paramos KE. of Riobamba; and Telagua in

Province Bolivar.

Then from the neighbourhood of Mt. Chimborazo we get

Sylvilagus andinus chimbanus, subsp. n.

All essential characters as in true andinus, but the rufous

nape-patch much reduced in size, so that no part of it shows

beyond the ends of the ears when laid back. ars averaging

rather longer than in andinus; the region between their

anterior bases and the eyes more prominently greyish (grey

no. 6) than in the allied form. Upper surface of feet

generally quite white.

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :—

Head and body 335 mm.; tail 20; hind foot 65;

ear do.

Skull: greatest length 67; condylo-incisive length 61;

zygomatic breadth 32°8 ; palatal foramina 16°3; breadth of

palatal bridge 6°6.

Hab. Sinche, Upper Rio Chimbo, just north of Guabanda,

Ecuador. Alt. 4000 m.

Type. Adult temale. B.M. no. 99.9.9.114. Original

number 146. Collected 20th December, 1893, by P. O.

Simons. Presented by Oldfield Thomas. Five specimens.

This is probably the form inhabiting Mount Chimborazo,

near the western slopes of which Sinche (3200 m.) is

situated.

S. American Leporide. 213

Sylvilagus andinus canartus, subsp. n.

Size rather larger than in true andinus and chimbanus.

General colour darker and warmer throughout, the light ring

on the body hairs—approximately cream-buff in andinus—

more approaching clay-colour. As a consequence there is

less difference between the body colour and that of the ramp

and hind legs, which, as usual, are dark rufous. Under

surface with a slight buffy suffusion. Nape-patch large,

extending nearly to the withers; deep tawny. Light line

over eyes rather more marked than in andinus. Light nostril

patches greyish white, not specially conspicuous. Cheeks

and region between eye and ear suffused with dull buffy,

not so cleara grey asin chimbanus. Hands and feet more or

less washed with buffy.

Skull rather longer than in andinus—the nasals longer

and inclined to be trumpet-shaped anteriorly. Bulle rather

smaller though distinctly more inflated than in the species

next following.

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :—

Head and body 348 mm.; tail 22 ; hind foot 70; ear 55.

Skull: greatest length 70°5; condylo-incisive length 63 ;

zygomatic breadth 33; nasals, length 28, breadth anteriorly

11:2, posteriorly 15; palatal foramina 17°8; breadth of

palatal bridge 7:5.

Hab. Cafiar, Andes of Ecuador. Alt. 2600 m.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 99.9.9.123. Original

number 272. Collected 18th April, 1899, by P. O. Simons.

This more southern form of the Andean rabbit is dis-

tinguishable by its darker general colour, slightly larger size,

and smaller bullae.

Mr. Simons marks the type specimen as “from hole in

ground”; so that these rabbits are evidently burrowers, like

the true rabbits of Europe.

Sylvilagus capsalis, sp. n.

Size rather larger than in S. andinus, Fur straighter and

less woolly. General colour paler, the pale rings on the

hairs cream-buff on back, nearly white on sides. Under-

side dull whitish, the chin nearly white, the throat-collar

greyish with whitish tips. Forehead about as in andinus,

but supraorbital streak much more strongly marked, whitish.

Light nostril patches snowy white, strongly contrasted.

Region between eye and ear not conspicuously grey. Ears

with the basal half of their proectote slightly tawny, not

214 Mr. O. Thomas on

greyish as in andinus; terminal half blackish; hairs of

metentote whitish, those along the edge tinged with pale

tawny. Nuchal patch large, as in true andinus, dull tawny.

Upper surface of hands and feet tawny whitish.

Skull very flat in frontal region; postorbital processes

slender, the notch behind them equally narrow throughout.

Palatal foramina widely open, their edges rounded. Bulls

much smaller than those of andinus, scarcely inflated, little

exceeding those of S. surdaster. Upper incisors more bent

downwards and inwards, so as to be practically invisible from

above,

Dimensions of the type (measured in flesh) :—

Head and body 350 mm.; tail 20; hind foot 75; ear 55.

Skull: greatest length 68°3 ; condylo-incisive length 62 ;

zygomatic breadth 33°5 ; nasals 26x 13°8; palatal foramina

17x7; breadth of palatal bridge 7; upper tooth-row

(alveoli) 13.

Hab. San Pablo, Cajamarca, Pacific slope of N. Peru.

Alt. 2000 m.

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 0.3.15.29. Original

number 718. Collected 8th November, 1899, by P. O.

Simons.

In its paler colour, as compared with the saturate

S. andinus, this rabbit shows the influence of the dry

climate of the coast of N.W. Peru. It shows some relation-

ship to the members of the S. brasiliensis group by its sides

being paler than the back, by its light superciliary streak,

and by the inclination to tawny on the bases of the ears.

Its skull is recognizable by its small bulle and the unusually

slight projection forward of the incisors.

XIX.—Four new Shrews, By OLDFIELD THOMAS.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Sorex batts, sp. n.

A large dark-coloured shrew, without tricolor pattern.

Size about as in the larger races of S. araneus. General

colour dark, without any trace of the “ tricolor pattern ”’ so

characteristic of S. araneus; upper surface either blackish

slate or sepia-brown, some specimens of the series all of the

one colour, some of the other, and some half one and half the

Four new Shrews. 215

other; sides quite similar to back; under surface almost

equally dark. Hands and feet pale brown. Tail rather

longer than is usual in S, araneus, dark brown above, rather

paler below.

Skull of about the size of that of S. araneus, but distin-

guishable by the much broadened lateral wings of the brain-

case, which project out on each side conspicuously more than

in araneus, and considerably alter the relative proportions of

the breadth to the height and length.

Teeth.—First incisor shorter than in araneus, its horizontal

length going nearly twice in the distance from its hinder

edge to the front of p*, that of araneus only going about once

and a half; the posterior cusp more pointed, narrower

antero-posteriorly, less of a broadened blade, its antero-

posterior and transverse diameters approximately equal. As

a consequence of the smaller size of 2!, the distance from

the front of 2 to the front of p* is markedly less than in

S. araneus, while the size of the molariform teeth is exactly

the same.

[S. araneus tetragonurus, the large Central and S.E. Euro-

pean form, has been used in this comparison ; many of the

other races are smaller, while that described below is larger,

but the relative proportions are much the same in all.]

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :—

Head and body 75 mm.; tail 52; hind foot 13; ear 6.

Skull: condylo-basal length 19°5; greatest breadth 10:2 ;

height of brain-case from basion 5°43 upper tooth-series 8:5;

front of p* to back of m? 4:2.

In no. 6, 3. 6. 211, an old male, the brain-case breadth is

10°5 mm., with a condylo-basal length of 19-5.

Hab, Trebizond region, north-eastern Asia Minor; type

from Sumela, 30 miles 8. of Trebizond. Alt. 1000-1300 m.

Fifteen specimens.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 6.3.6.18. Original

number 2024, Collected 12th October, 1905, by A. Robert.

Presented by Oldfield Thomas.

The absence of the tricolor pattern, the expanded brain-

case, and the peculiar first incisor will readily distinguish this

well-marked species.

Sorex batis is the “ larger longer-tailed form from Asia

Minor” mentioned under S. ‘araneus santonus by Miller

(Cat. Mamm. W. Eur. p. 40, 1912). It had not been defi-

nitely determined at the time Mr. Miller was doing his work

on the group.

216 Mr. O. Thomas on

Sorex araneus peucinius, subsp. n.

Nearest to S. a. ¢etragonurus, but still larger. Colour

dark.

Size very large, the largest of the shrews referable to

S. araneus. Upper surface slaty blackish, sides indistinctly

brownish, the tricolor pattern present though not conspicuous.

Under surface brownish, much darker than is usual in fetra-

gonurus, though nearly equalled by some Italian specimens

of that race. Hands and feet pale brown. ‘Tail of average

length, decidedly shorter than in S. 4atis.

Skull and teeth essentially as in S. araneus, but exceeding

in size those of any other of the Huropean races; the molar

teeth are especially larger than is usual in araneus, for while

the distance from the front of p* to back of m? (a very exact

and definite measurement which can be taken with great

accuracy) is 4°3 in all of the largest specimens of araneus,

which measure 20 mm. in condylo-basal length, it is 4°6 in

the present animal.

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :—

Head and body 80 mm.; tail 43; hind foot 15; ear 7.

Skull: condylo-basal length 20°5; greatest breadth 10;

height of brain-case from basion 5°6; upper tooth-series 9;

front of p* to back of m* 4°6.

Hab. Swamp region of the Delta of the Danube, Do-

brudscha; type from Ciatal.

Type. Old female. B.M. no. 12.12.17.9. Original

number 78. Collected 14th October, 1912, by A. Rettig.

Presented by the Hon. N. Charles Rothschild.

This shrew, from the swamps of the Danube Delta, is

distinguishable from 8. a. tetragonurus, the form found in

the mountain regions of Central and Southern Europe, by its

dusky belly and large size. Its hind foot (15 mm.) ‘sur-

passes that of any Sorex mentioned in Miller’s Catalogue,

where nearly 1000 specimens are recorded as examined.

Soriculus fumidus, sp. n.

-A dark species with a short tail.

Size about as in S. sacratus. General colour dark smoky

blackish, darker than in typical adult S. sacratus, but similar

to some which are probably in a darker or juvenile stage ;

probably the insular species is always normally dark. Under

surface scarcely lighter than upper. Hands and feet brown,

the digits lighter. Tail decidedly shorter than head and

body, well haired, dark brown, little lighter below.

;

we ltit

ee a ee

a aa

: enieniia ties ee

i ee ee Ls! eae

Four new Shrews. 217

Skull on the whole similar to that of S, sacratus, but

rather broader and the brain-case more angularly expanded.

Basisphenoid region of the comparatively simple structure

found in the large S. n/grescens, with but little trace of the

lateral fossee with overhanging boundaries which occur in all

the available specimens of S. sacratus. Such well-developed

fosse do not oceur in S, nigrescens, minor, macrurus, ov irene,

and if really constant in sacratus they form a very distinctive

mark of that species. Second upper incisor larger than third.

Dimensions of the type (measured on the skin) :—

Head and body probably about 60 mm. ; tail 48; hind

foot 12°5.

Skull: condylo-basal length 18; basal length 16°4;

greatest breadth 9°6 * ; upper tooth-series 8; front of p* to

back of m? 4°3.

Hab. Mt. Arizan, Central Formosa. Alt. 8000’.

Type. Old male. B.M. no. 12. 11. 32.1. Original num-

ber 32. Collected March 1912, and presented by Walter

Goodfellow, Esq. Another specimen obtained by Mr. A.

Owston’s native collector in 1906.

his shrew is probably most nearly allied to the Hima-

layan S. caudatus, but has a much shorter tail. From the

Chinese S. sacratus it is distinguished by ils simpler basi-

sphenoid region and rather shorter tail,

Chodsigoa sodalis, sp. n.

Smallest species of the genus,

Size considerably less than in Ch. larvarum, the smallest

previously described species of Chodsigoa. Skull not so

strikingly flattened as usual, its general shape more like

that of other shrews. Upper profile nearly straight, slightly

concave over the orbits, slightly convex on the brain-case,

Sagittal and lambdoid crests not developed in the type.

‘Teeth lighter throughout than those of Ch, larvarum, not

only actually, but proportionally, the anterior incisors espe-

cially slender and delicate, not one-fourth the bulk of those

of the larger species. Pigmentation at a minimum, the tip of

the first incisor and the extreme tip of the unicuspids and

large premolar being but quite lightly marked with rufous,

Dimensions of the type :—

External measurements unknown,

Skull: condylo-basal length 17°5 mm. ; basal length 16;

* The greatest breadth in S. sacratus is recorded as 9°5, but this

appears to have been a misprint, as I now make the measurement

92 mm,

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xi. 15

218 Mr. H. B. Preston on new

greatest breadth 8°5 ; interorbital breadth 4°5 ; height from

basion 4°7 ; upper tooth-series 7°8 ; horizontal length of 2° 1°3 ;

front of p* to back of m? 41.

Hab. Mt. Arizan, Central Formosa. Alt. 8000’.

Type. Adult skull, teeth still unworn. B.M. no. 12.11.23.2.

Collected and presented by Walter Goodfellow, Esq.

This shrew is readily distinguishable from the other

members of Chodsigoa by its much smaller size and its

unusually delicate 2’. Its occurrence in Formosa extends

considerably the known range of the genus, which has

hitherto only been found in Northern and Western China.

Its external appearance is probably not very dissimilar

from that of the other Arizan shrew, Sortculus fumidus, as

Mr. Goodfellow brought home the typical skull as being just

an extra skull of that species,

XX.—Descriptions of Fifteen new Species and Varieties of

Marine Shells from the Falkland Islands, By H. B.

PRESTON, F.Z.S.

[Plate IV.]

Pareutheria fuscata (Brug.) *, var. curta, var. n.

Shell differing from the type in its shorter and more ovate

shape, the whorls being much shorter and broader and the

aperture more auriform than in the typical form.

Alt. 25, diam. maj. 14 mm.

Aperture; alt, 9, diam. 8 mm.

Hab, Port Stanley Harbour, Falkland Islands (A. G.

Bennett).

Natica falklandica, sp.n, (Fig. 1.)

Shell perforate, ovate, solid, yellowish white ; whorls 43,

regularly increasing, shouldered above, the last whorl large

and somewhat lengthened, marked only with transverse

growth-lines, suture well impressed ; umbilicus moderately

wide, very deep ; columella obliquely descending, somewhat

outwardly thickened above, and extending into a thick,

well-defined, parietal callus, which joins the upper margin of

the labrum ; aperture ovate.

* Buccinum fuscatum, Brug., Kiener, Icon. Cog. viv. pp. 20-21, pl. viii.

fig. 24.

—

EE —V—

Shells from the Falkland Islands. 219

Alt. 27°5, diam, maj. 24 mm.

Aperture: alt. 18, diam, 11°75 mm,

Hab, Port Stanley, Falkland Islands (A. G. Bennett).

The species would seem to be allied to Natica soluta,

Gould *, but differs from that species chiefly in its more

exserted spire and longer whorls, more open umbilicus, and

less curved columella,

Natica subantarctica, sp.n. (Fig. 2.)

Shell rather roundly ovate, moderately solid, white, covered

with a pale yellowish-brown periostracum ; whorls 5, the last

two large in proportion to the remainder, the last ascending

in front, marked with transverse growth-lines crossed by

somewhat indistinct scratch-like striz; suture incised;

umbilicus narrow, deep, partly filled by the thickened colu-

mella; columella white, porcellanous, rather sharply curved

below where it is puckered into a series of short folds, very

obliquely descending above, outwardly thickened and re-

flexed, so as to partly fill up the umbilical cavity, and above

this extending into a minutely granular, moderately thick,

shining, well-defined, parietal callus, which joins the upper

margin of the labrum and just behind which it forms a

whitish cal'ous thickening; labrum acute; aperture rather

elongately subovate ; interior of shell white,

Alt. 15, diam. maj. 13°25 mm.

Aperture: alt. 9°25, diam. 6°5 mm,

Hab, Falkland Islands (A. G. Bennett).

Allied to NV. patagonica, Phil.t, but considerably smaller,

much less openly umbilicate, and with proportionately

broader penultimute whorl ; moreover the columella in the

present species is much more oblique above and arched below

than is the case with WV. patagonica, while the curious

puckering of the lower portion of the columella into short

folds is a character which should readily separate it from

that species,

Photinula solidula, Cooper and Preston f,

var, depressa, var.n. (Fig. 3.)

Shell differing from the typical form in its much greater

depression of spire, while retaining all the other characters of

the species.

* Gould, Wilkes, U.S, Expl. Exp. 1856, pl. xv. fig. 257,

+ Philippi, Abbild. ii. p. 41, pl. u. fig. 2.

{ Ann. & Mag. Nat, Hist, 1910, v. pp, 111-112, pl, iv. fig. 3,

15*

220 Mr. H. B. Preston on new

Alt. 9, diam. maj. 11°75 mm.

Aperture: alt. 5, diam. 6 mm.

Hab. Port Stanley, Falkland Islands (A. G. Bennett).

Acmea inquilinus, sp.n. (Fig. 4.)

Shell ovate, with slightly straightened sides, anteriorly

gently sloping, posteriorly rather sharply sloping and some-

what rounded, poreellanous, white, painted at the apex and

occasionally on the remainder of the shell with reddish

chestnut and sculptured with numerous closely set radiating

ribs ; apex subcentral; margin of shell rather finely crene!-

late, flesh-coloured, irregularly dotted with reddish brown ;

interior of sheil pinkish white, smooth, porcellanous ; spatula

’ large, elongately ovate.

Alt. 4:25, diam. maj. 11 mm.

Hab. Port Stanley, Falkland Islands, on Fissurella picta,

Gmel. (A. G. Bennett).

Acmea perconica, sp.n. (Fig. 5.)

Shell subcireular, high, conical, sculptured, with twelve or

thirteen broad whitish radiating ribs, between which occur

one or more whitish radiating bands, the interstices being of

a blackish-brown colour; apex very posteriorly situate,

slightly overhanging ; margin of shell painted with brownish

black alternating with whitish, slightly produced both ante-

riorly and posteriorly, so that the shell does not lie quite flat

when placed upon a plane; spatula whitish, not well defined

posteriorly, anteriorly broadiy margined with rich blackish

brown, concentrically painted, especially towards the base,

with elongate blotches of pure white; below the spatula

the shell shades from yellowish to bluish white, the surface

being marked with multitudinous, interlacing, scratch-like

striz.

Alt. 12, diam. maj. 15 mm,

Hab. Falkland Islands (A, G. Bennett).

Scurria scurra, Gray, var. charon, var. n.

Differing from the typical form in its much darker colour,

which is of a dark brown shade.

Alt. 22, diam. maj. 35, diam. min. 30 mm.

Hab. Falkland Islands (A. G. Bennett).

This would appear to be a constant local variety peculiar

to the Falkland Islands, which has been revealed after the

examination of a long series of specimens both from the

Shells from the Falkland Islands. 221

Chilian coast and from the present locality ; in every case

the specimens from the continental area were of a whitish or

pale yellowish tint, while those from the Falkland Islands

were invariably of a dark brown colour ; the radiating colour.

lines which occur in both forms are considerably more

conspicuous in the present variety, but in all other respects,

apart from colour, both the continental and island shells do

not appear to differ.

Nacella falklandica, sp.n. (Fig. 6.)

Shell large, elongately ovate, slightly laterally compressed,

moderately thin, dorsally arched, with very posterior and

somewhat curvedly overhanging apex, pale greenish olive,

painted, especially posteriorly, with streaks and blotches of

chestnut, sculptured with broad radiate costule, crossed by

fine, closely set, and very wavy concentric striz; margin

coarsely crenallate by the terminations of the radiate ee :

interior of shell polished, shining, yellowish white, closely

rayed and mottled with chestnut-brown.

Alt. 16, diam. maj. 42°5, diam. min. 21°75 mm.

Hab. Falkland Islands (A. G. Bennett).

Helcioniscus bennetti, sp. n. (Fig. 7.)

Shell small, thin, brown, ovate, with subcentral nucleus,

anteriorly somewhat gently sloping, very slightly convex,

posteriorly steeply sloping, slightly concave, sculptured with

multitudinous, rounded, radiating riblets crossed by rather

fine, concentric, scabrous ridges; margin of shell reddish

chestnut, slightly crenellated by the “terminations of the

radiating riblets; interior of shell bronze, shading to

yellowish brown; spatula large, well defined, ovately

rectangular.

Alt. 8°5, diam. maj. 25 mm.

Hab. Port Stanley, Falkland Islands (A. G. Bennett).

Modiolarca benvettt, sp.n. (Fig. 8.)

Shell rather convex, somewhat rectangular, covered with a

dark chocolate periostracum ; dorsal margin almost straight ;

ventral margin very slightly rounded; anterior side “ales

very slightly rounded ; posterior side produced and obtusely

rounded ; umbones very anteriorly situate, small, not promi-

nent; right valve bearing an elongate and upwardly curved

cardinal ~ tooth, left valve an elongate, somewhat erect,

nodulous, cardinal tooth ; interior of shell dark livid purple.

222 Mr. H.-B. Preston on new

Long. 4°75, lat. 6-5 mm.

Hab. Mullet Creek, Port Stanley, Falkland Islands

(A. G. Bennett).

Cyamium coptosum, sp.n. (Tig. 9.)

Shell moderately large, ovately cuneate, whitish, bearing

traces of having been covered with a thin, membranaceous,

dark cream-coloured periostracum ; both valves concentri-

cally striate; umbones rather large, prominent; dorsal

margin gently sloping; ventral margin scarcely rounded;

anterior side sloping above, rounded below ; posterior side

somewhat produced, acuminately rounded ; right valve

bearing two erect cardinal teeth, of which the anterior is

somewhat triangular in shape and grooved down the centre,

while the posterior is narrow and very slightly curved ; left

valve also bearing two cardinal teeth, of which the anterior

is moderately fine and obliquely placed, while the posterior

is broad, narrowly triangular, and abruptly terminating.

Long. 6, lat. 8:5 mm.

Hab. Mullet Creek, Port Stanley, Falkland Islands

(A. G. Bennett).

Cyamium cuneatum, sp.n. (Fig. 10.)

Shell ovately cuneate, whitish yellow, both valves in-

distinctly concentrically striate ; umbones moderately small,

slightly prominent ; dorsal margin sloping; ventral margin

very gently rounded ; anterior side abruptly sloping above,

nearly straightly descending below ; posterior side produced,

rounded 3 anterior cardinal tooth in right valve moderately

coarse, obliquely triangular; posterior tooth in right valve

oblique, slightly curved, narrow above, sloping to a broad

base 3 anterior cardinal tooth in left valve broad, triangular,

fitting between the anterior and posterior in right valve;

posterior tooth somewhat weak and elongate, curved.

Long. 4°75, lat. 6°5 mm.

Hab. Falkland Islands (A. G. Bennett).

Cyamium stanleyense, sp.n. (Fig. 11.)

Shell differing from C. cop/osum in its much more ovate

form ; the dorsal margin slopes considerably less and the

posterior side is obtusely rounded; the valves are more

coarsely concentrically striate ; the anterior cardinal tooth in

the lett valve is much smaller ard the posterior is much

broader and coarser,

Long, 5°75, lat. 9°25 mm.

Hab. Port Stanley, Falkland Islands (A. G. Bennett),

Shells from the Falkland Islands. 223

Saxicava subantarctica, sp.n. (Fig. 12.)

Shell inequivalve and inequilateral, elongately subrec-

tangular, whitish except where covered with a membranaceous

reddish periostracum, marked with coarse irregular con-

centric ridges; dorsal margin arched anteriorly, scarcely

sloping posteriorly ; ventral margin a little contracted in the

median region, otherwise rather straight; anterior side angled

above, sloping below; posterior side angularly rounded

above, bluntly rostrate below ; ligament rather long, fleshy ;

umbones not prominent, much eroded ; hinge-plate edentu-

late ; interior of shell whitish.

Long. 8°5, lat. 17 mm.

Hab. Falkland Islands (A. G. Bennett).

Mytilimeria falklandica, sp.n. (Fig. 13.)

Shell ovately rectangular, posteriorly gaping, thin, covered

with a thin, brownish-yellow, membranaceous periostracum,

which slightly overlaps the margin of the shell ; both valves

concentrically creased and radiately sculptured with mode-

rately fine and distant ridges ; dorsal margin nearly straight ;

ventral margin gently rounded; anterior side rather angu-

larly rounded; posterior side produced, obtusely rounded ;

umbones small, very anteriorly situate, not prominent ;

interior of shell nacreous and marked with fine scratch-like ,

grooves, especially towards the umbonal region, which

correspond to the radiating ridges on the outer surface of the

sliell.

Long. 10°5, lat. 17°25 mm.

Hab, Falkland Islands (A. G. Bennett).

EXPLANATION OF PLATE IV.

Fig. 1. Natica falklandica, sp. n., nat. size.

Fig. 2. subantarctica, sp. n., nat. size.

Fig. 3. Photinula solidula, C. & P., var. depressa, var. n., nat. size,

Fig. 4. Acmea inquilinus, sp. n., X 2.

Fig. 5. perconica, sp. n., nat. size.

Fig. 6. Nacella falklandica, sp. n., nat. size.

Fig. 7. Helicioniscus bennetti, sp. n., nat. size.

Fig. 8. Modiolarca bennetti, sp,n., X 2.

Fig. 9. Cyamium copiosum, sp. u., X 2.

Fig. 10. cuneatum, sp. n., X 2.

Fig. 11. —— stanleyense, sp. n., X 2.

Fig 12. Saxicava subantarctica, sp. u., nat. size.

Fig. 18, Mytilimeria falklandica, sp. n., nat. size.

>=Mr. G.-A. K. Marshall on new

no:

nN:

Hee

XXI.—On new Species of Indian Curculionide.—Part I.

By Guy A. K. MarsHat.t,

HTyPERINZ.

Hypera medicaginis, sp. n.

H. plantaginis statura et colore simillima, sed thorace minus

transverso et minus rotundato, elytris in dorso deplanatis,

humeris magis prominentibus et subrectangulariter rotundatis,

squamis latioribus et magis profunde excisis.

Colour black, clothed with dense greyish-white or brownish-

grey scales, the thorax with two broad dorsal brownish

stripes (often indistinct in the middle) enclosing a narrow

pale median line; these stripes are continued on to the

elytra, forming a conspicuous dark brown patch at the base

of intervals 2 and 33; the lateral and apical areas of the

elytra are darker than the disk, being lighter or darker

brown, with rows of ill-defined brown or blackish spots on

the intervals, the inner margin of the dark area running as

follows :—from below the shoulder obliquely to interval 5 at

about one-third from the base, then straight along interval 5

for nearly another third of its length, and thence again

obliquely to the suture, reaching it at the top of the declivity ;

the first, or sutural, intervalusually with a row of dark spots

from before the middle to the apex.

Head with the front nearly as broad as the base of the

rostrum. fostrum a little shorter than the prothorax, gradually

dilated from base to apex, thinner than the front femora,

closely punctured and without any trace of a carina ;

mandibles red-brown. Antenne red-brown, the scape just

reaching the front margin of the eye, joint 1 of the funicle

longer than 2. Prothoraz rather broader than long, the

sides moderately rounded, broadest a little before the middle,

only slightly narrowed behind. lytra with the shoulders

roundly prominent, the sides subparallel to beyond the

middle; the finely punctured striz entirely hidden by the

dense scaling, each scale very broadly emarginate for about

one-third of its length, the two projecting points being

almost hair-like ; each interval with a row of stout suberect

bristles.

Long. 4-43, lat. 2 mm.

BENGAL: Pusa (H. Maawell Lefroy).

Lypes, S 2,in the British Museum.

In size and colouring very similar to H. plantaginis, de G.,

Species of Indian Curculionide. 225

from which it differs in its much narrower and less rounded

prothorax and more oblong elytra, the shoulders forming

almost a rounded right angle. In H. plantaginis the scales

are also distinctly narrower and more deeply divided, and

the elytra are more convex, both longitudinally and trans-

versely. In general shape H. medicaginis more closely

resembles H. variabilis, Hbst., but apart from its smaller

size and very different coloration, the former species differs

inter alia in its much broader front, more transverse pro-

thorax, more prominent shoulders, and distinctly broader

scales.

All the three species mentioned belong to that section of

the genus to which Capiomont, in his ‘ Révision des

Hypérides’ (Ann. Soc. Ent. France, 1867 & 1868), restricted

the name Phytonomus, Schoénh., a course which has un-

fortunately been followed by Dr. Karl Petri in his admirable

monograph of the group (Siebenbiirg. Ver. Naturwiss.

Hermanstadt, 1901). Sch6nherr held the opinion that all

the generic names of Curculionide should be masculine

(Lisp. meth. Curcul. 1826, p. v), and this appears to be the

only reason why he substituted the name Phytonomus for

that of H/ypera, Germ. As, however, his genus is absolutely

synonymous with Hypera, the name cannot properly be used

for any subdivision of Germar’s genus. Moreover, as

Dr. Petri admits, the two sections merge into one another in

such a way that certain species might with equal justice be

placed in either of them, so that there is obviously no need

for a new generic uame, for Germar’s genus forms a very

homogeneous and natural assemblage.

Mr. Lefroy records this species as doing considerable

damage to lucerne (Medicago sativa) at Pusa. H. variabilis,

Hbst., has also been sent by Mr. Lefroy from the same

locality. The only other species hitherto recorded from

India is H. tmbecilla, Fst. (Stett. ent. Zeit. 1886, p. 150),

which has been omitted from Dr. Petri’s monograph.

CLEONIN#.

Epilectus baluchicus, sp. n.

Ater, alutaceus, supra squamis pallide ochraceis maculatim irregus

lariter obsitus, subtus dense squamosus, abdomine fasciis latis

nudis nitidis ornato;-femoribus precipue nudis, tibiis tarsisque

densissime ochraceo-pilosis ; thorace atro opaco, confertim pune-

tato, ochraceo-bivittato, fovea magna utrinque pertuso et in

medio basi impresso; elytris leviter et regulariter punctato-

striatis, interstitiis fere planis equalibus.

226 Mr. G. A. K. Marshall on new

Dull black, with the following markings formed of pale

ochreous scales :—two stripes in the rostral furrows, a trans-

verse band on the vertex of the head, a curved lateral stripe

on each side of the thorax, and numerous irregular blotches

on the elytra, many of them often coalescing to form an

uneven humeral and a postmedian lateral patch.

Head closely and finely punctate, the rostral carinze con-

tinued on to the front. Lostrum with three caring, enclosing

two very broad and deeep furrows, which extend from the

insertion of the antenne to the front of the head ; the central

carina equally narrow throughout; the apical portion of the

rostrum not impressed or carinate. Antenne slender, with

only joint 7 of the funicle attached to the club, joint 6

distinctly narrowed towards the base, joint 2 half as long

again as joint 1. Prothoragx slightly longer than its basal

width, parallel-sided from the base to two-thirds of its length,

then abruptly constricted, the basal and apical margins

rounded, the ocular lobes well developed; the upper surtace

dull, shagreened, with moderately close shallow punctation, a

large deep fovea on each side behind the middle and a shallow

impression in the centre of the base; the irregular lateral

band of scaling passes through the deep fovea and includes

anteriorly a small bare shining spot; prosternum clothed

with dense scaling. lytra broadly ovate, with regular

narrow punctured strie, the intervals finely shagreened,

slightly convex and of about equal width on the disk, with a

few small scattered granules near the base; scales feathery,

each scale bearing a fringe of long bristles. Legs black, the

femora for the most part bare and shining, but with some

thin scaling about the base; the tibize and tarsi clothed with

long dense tawny hairs; the tarsi comparatively short,

joint 3 being evidently shorter than 2. Venter with dense

scaling similar to that of the elytra ; segments 2-4 each with

a broad bare shining band occupying the apical half of the

segment, but not reaching the sides; segment 1 with a

deeper band, which is produced in the centre towards the

base; segment 5 with only a small central bare patch.

Long. 23-27, lat. 63-9 mm.

BALUCHISTAN : Quetta and Nuskki district.

Types, 6 @,in the British Museum; cotypes in the

Calcutta Museum,

The only two other known species of Lpilectus, Fst.

(D. e. Z. 1904, p. 208) are EB. lehmanni, Mén. (Turkestan),

and E. gigas, Marseul (Algeria), and they may both be

distinguished from £, baluchicus (apart from their very

different upperside colouring) by the absence of the thoracic

Species of Indian Curculionide. 227

foveze and of the long fulvous hairs on the tibiw,and by the

dark bands clothed with brown hairs on the bases of the ventral

segments. In addition, 4. lehmanni differs in having two

shiny discal patches on the prothorax, as well as numerous

shiny granules, and each elytron is distinctly bicostate at the

base ; while Z. gigas has a fine central carina on the pro-

thorax, and the intervals 1 and 3 of the elytra are raised

behind.

ATTELABINZE.

A poderus sissu, sp. ti.

Saturate testaceus, capite, prothorace, sterno, elytris nigro-limbatis,

scutello et maculis novem in elytris nigris; 2 pedibus omnino

testaceis— ¢ tarsis et tibiarum dimidio apicali nigris. Capite

glabro, in fronte striolato, postice in medio tenuiter striato;

prothorace subconico, nec longiore quam in basi latiore, oblique

punctato-plicato, antrorsum in medio suleato; elytris nitidis,

oblongis, prope basin conjunctim transverse impressis, evidenter

usque ad apicem punctato-suleatis, interstitiis coriaceis.

Dark testaceous, with the sides of the head and prothorax

(broadly), the scutellum and the sides (or sometimes the

whole) of the sternum, black, and with the following black

markings on the elytra :—a small spot on the humeral angle,

a sutural patch just behind the scutellum and a small dot on

each side of it, a large round spot at the middle on intervals

3 to 5, a smaller one at the apex of intervals 4 and 5, and a

marginal stripe extending from about one-third from the

base to the apex; legs entirely testaceous in 2, but with the

tarsi and the apical half of the tibiz black in @.

Head of 8 about as long as the prothorax, subtriangular,

the sides being straight from behind the eyes to the basal

constriction, the forellead coarsely striolate, the posterior

parts with faint transverse wrinkles and with a shallow

longitudinal stria; head of 9 slightly shorter, more convex,

the sides rounded behind the eyes, and the transverse

wrinkling almost obsolete. Mostrum glabrous, with a shallow

central furrow between the antennz and a rounded dorsal

impression on the anterior part. Antenne testaceous brown,

with the club fuscous. Prothorax subconical, about as long

as the basal width, the sides moderately rounded, the ante-

rior and posterior constrictions distinct, the front margin

deeply sinuate, the base subtruncate, the dorsum coarsely

punctate and with deep oblique wrinkles, except on the central

anterior portion, which is smooth, with a few punctures and

a short central furrow. Scutellum semicircular, with coarse

228 Mr. G. A. K. Marshall on new

confluent punctation. lytra longer than broad and slightly

dilated behind, the humeral callus small and rounded, the

sulci broad and deep, closely punctate, and continued right

to the apices, which are separately rounded, the intervals

even and coriaceous, with a few very short recumbent sete,

a shallow common transverse impression a little behind the

scutellum. Legs with the tibiew distinctly furrowed in g,

and the front pair slightly bent towards the apex; 9? with

the front tibiz normal and the furrows indistinct. Sternum

with the punctation coarse and confluent at the sides, but

sparse in the centre, the meso- and metasternal epimera

densely pubescent.

Long. 33-4, lat. 12-2 mm.

Unitep Provinces: Dehra Dun (EZ. P. Stebbing). BEN-

GAL: Pusa (1. M. Lefroy).

Types, & 2, in the British Museum,

Belongs to Jekel’s section Strigapoderus, but has the short

head of typical Apoderus. The markings of the elytra vary

somewhat, the anterior spots being rarely absent, while

occasionally all the spots are enlarged and more or less

confluent.

Both Mr. Lefroy and Mr. Stebbing record this species as

doing considerable domage to sissu-trees (Dahlbergia sissoo),

which it defoliates.

Apoderus lefroy?, sp. n.

Flavo-testaceus ; capite (rostro et collo exceptis), elytrorum area

basali, fascia apicali, maculis duabus duplicatis singulatim in

declivitate, piceo-brunneis ; scutello et prothorace, punctis duobus

rufo-flavis exceptis, nigro-piceis ; sterno late ad latera, anguste

in medio metasterni, plaga media in segmento 1° abdominis,

maculis lateralibus subrotundatis in segmentis 1-3 nigro- aut

brunneo-piceis; pedibus flavo-testaceis, femoribus annulo lato

juxta-apicali nigro-piceo. Prothorace transverso, rude plicato, in

medio sulcato; elytris subquadratis, ad apicem late truncatis,

humeris acute rectangulatis, lateribus prope basin parallelis dein

ad apicem leviter ampliatis, supra rude punctato-sulcatis, tuber-

culis tribus conicis acutis singulatim in serie obliqua ab humero

ad medium obsitis, tuberculo postico aliis multo majore.

Head pitch-brown, the rostrum and neck testaceous yellow ;

prothorax brownish biack, with two small dorsal reddish-

yellow spots; scutellum black ; elytra with the anterior

two-thirds pitchy brown, except the basal margin, which is

yellowish, the posterior third testaceous yellow, with a

common transverse row of four pairs of brown spots on the

————————

™ ani

;

Species of Indian Curculionide. 229

declivity, and a broad apical brown band; legs testaceous

yellow, with a brown ring near the apex of the femora;

underparts yellow, the sternum with a broad lateral and a

narrow central stripe black, the venter with a triangular

central black patch on segment 1 and rounded brown lateral

spots on segments 1-3,

Head divided by a transverse furrow behind the eyes ; the

front portion with coarse scattered punctation, a very deep

central furrow which is abbreviated anteriorly, and an oblique

stria on each side in front which is continued on to the base

of the rostrum ; posterior part of head glabrous and impunc-

tate, very convex, with the sides strongly rounded and with

a distinct central furrow. ostrum fairly closely punctate

above, with a broad furrow between the antenns and a

shallow rounded impression on the anterior part. Antenne

entirely testaceous yellow. Prothorax evidently broader than

long, the anterior and posterior constrictions distinct, the

apical and basal margins truncate, broadest at the base, the

sides strongly rounded, the dorsum very coarsely and irregu-

larly wrinkled, with a deep central furrow which reaches

neither base nor apex. Scutel/um transverse, subtrapeziform,

the sides moderately rounded, the apex sinuate, so that two

projecting angles are formed ; disk shiny, almost impunctate,

and with a shallow impression on each side at the base.

Filytra as broad as long, broadly truncate at the apex, the

shoulders sharply rectangular, the sides parallel from there

for about one-third of their length, then roundly dilated, the

greatest breadth being quite close to the apex; upperside

with broad shallow sulci containing large punctures, the

intervals bare, shiny, and very narrow, being no broader and

scarcely higher than the transverse ridges between the punc-

tures, intervals 3 and 5 slightly more raised ; an oblique row

of three sharply conical tuvercles from the shoulder to the

middle: the first very small and immediately above the

humeral angle; the second about twice as large, situated a

little further back, with its base extending from the fourth to

the fifth interval; the third much larger still, placed about

the middle, its base extending from interval 2 to 5. Legs

with the internal edge of the tibiz not denticulate and the

outer apical spine bent inwards almost at right angles.

Long. 6, lat. 33-4 mm.

AssaAM: Nongpoh, Khasi Hills (Pusa coll.).

Types, $ 2, in the British Museum.

This striking species belongs to Jekel’s subgenus Hopla-

poderus, its nearest ally being A. vitticeps, Jek., from China,

which is similar in general facies. But apart from various

230 On new Species of Indian Curculionide.

differences in colour (the elytra being obscure red with large

black patches), the latter differs in having all the tibiz denti-

culate internally ; on the elytra the supra-humeral tubercle

is hardly perceptible, and the other two are blunter, the third

being placed well behind the middle, while in front of it is a

broad oblique impression in which the sulci are obliterated ;

the sulci elsewhere are distinctly deeper and_ posteriorly

almost catenulate rather than punctate, while the intervals

are evidently carinate; further, the apices of the elytra are

much narrower, being separately rounded and not truncate.

I have much pleasure in dedicating this species to my

friend Prof. H. Maxwell Lefroy, who has done such excellent

work in the position of Imperial Entomologist to the Govern-

ment of India, from which he has just retired,

CossoniInz.

Cossonus binodosus, sp. n.

Elongatus, modice convexus, omnino ater, nitidus, antennis tarsis-

que piceis. Rostrum antice non dilatatum, subparallelum, ad

basin Jeviter angustatum, supra obsoletissime punctatum. Pro-

thorax in medio triangulariter levissime impressus, impressione

(fere ad apicem extensa) et lateribus rude punctatis, area longitu-

dinali angusta in dorso utrinque impunctata. Elytra oblonga,

modice convexa, striis profundis punctis magnis obsitis; inter-

stitlis 2, 3, 7, 9 postice conjunctis et costam latam obliquam

elevatam formantibus; interstitiis dorsalibus angustis subplanis

impunctatis.

Shiny black, with the antenne and tarsi piceous. Head

impunctate on the vertex, the forehead with a large deep

central fovea and a few scattered punctures. Rostrum sub-

parallel-sided anteriorly and slightly narrowed towards the

base, the lower edge of the scrobe projecting slightly when

viewed from above; the upper surface almost impunctate,

except for a few coarse punctures at the extreme base, the

sides also punctured towards the base. Prothorax broadest

near the base, roundly narrowed in front, and with a distinet

apical constriction, the base strongly bisinuate ; the dorsum

with a very shallow median triangular impression (almost

reaching the apex), which is very coarsely punctured and has

an irregular central carina; on each side of this is a rather

narrow, obliquely longitudinal, impunctate area, the entire

lateral area beyond this being very coarsely and closely

punctured, J/ytra oblong, moderately convex, the sides

parallel from the shoulders to well beyond the middle, thence

slightly narrowed and very broadly rounded at the apex ;

On Two new Fishes from Paranagua. 231

the striz broad and deep, containing large punctures which

hardly diminish posteriorly, the intervals rather narrow,

almost plane and impunctate ; intervals 2, 3,7, and 9 are

united posteriorly, where they form a broad, obtusely elevated,

oblique costa, which gives the elytra their characteristic

oblong shape ; when viewed obliquely from behind this costa

has the appearance of an obtuse prominence. Legs compara-

tively finely punctured.

Long. 5, lat. 2 mm.

N.E, Burma: Sansi Gorge, Chinese frontier, 6000-8000

feet, Dec. 1910 (Dr, C, W. Beebe).

Type, 3, in the Calcutta Museum.

Described from a single example, The species may be

readily distinguished from any previously described Eastern

Cossonus by the curious posterior elevations on the elytra.

In other respects it is closely allied to C. foveicollis, Fst.

The whole of the sternum (except the middle of the meta-

sternum) and the sides of the first two ventral segments are

closely covered with very coarse punctures, the rest of the

venter being glabrous except for some scattered punctures in

the middle of the first and last segments and a single trans-

verse row on the third and fourth. .

XXI1I.—Descriptions of Two new Fishes from Paranagua,

Brazil, presented to the British Museum by Herr A.

fRtachow. By C.'l'aTe Reean, M.A.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Charactdium (Jobertina) rachovit.

Depth of body nearly equal to length of head, 34-32 in

the length of the fish. Snout shorter than diameter of eye,

which is 3 in the length of head and greater than the inter-

orbital width. Nostrils well separated. Maxillary barely

reaching the vertical from anterior margin of eye; teeth

tricuspid. $82 scales in a longitudinal series, 12 in a trans-

verse series from dorsal to pelvic fins, 6 or 7 in the lateral

line, which does not extend to below the dorsal fin. Dorsal

13-15 ; origin equidistant from end of snout and base of

caudal, or a little nearer the former; longest rays 3-4 the

length of head. Anal 8-9. Pectorals reaching pelvics,

which are inserted below the fourth or fifth ray of dorsal and

reach the anal. Caudal forked. A dark stripe from snout

232 Mr. G. T. Regan on the

through eye to base of caudal; 10 to 12 dark cross-bars ;

dorsal, anal, and pelvic fins with series of dark spots; caudal

dusky.

Thiree specimens, 30 to 40 mm. in total length.

This species is very closely related to C. dnterruptum,

Pellegrin (Bull. Mus. Paris, 1909, p. 151), from Serra

d’Estrello, Rio Grande do Sul, in which the lateral line runs

on 9 scales to below the origin of the dorsal fin, which has

only 11 rays.

Corydoras macropterus.

Depth of body 3} to 3} in the length, length of head

34 to 82. Diameter of eye 5, interorbital width 22 to 24,

length of snout 2 to 24 in the length of head. Suborbital

narrow ; cheek covered with short bristles, strongest in males ;

barbels nearly reaching gill-opening. Dorsal I 8; spine

about 4 the length of head; fin very elevated, second and

third rays longest, when laid back reaching tip of adipose

fin (2?) or base of caudal (¢); base of dorsal rather less

than its distance from adipose fin, which is preceded by

3 to 5 median scutes. Anal I 6-7. Pectoral very long,

extending to origin of anal. Scutes 24—25/21-22 ; humeral

shields wide apart, each separated by 2 scutes from base

of pelvic fin. 3 or 4 dark blotches on the back, more

or less alternating with others on the lower part of the side,

both series connected with an irregular lateral band; dorsal

and caudal barred with series of spots ; lower fins dusky,

Four specimens, 55 to 65 mm, in total length,

Tn coloration and in the bristles on the cheeks this species

shows relationship to C. kroned, Ribeiro, but it differs in the

shorter snout and broader interorbital region and especially

in the produced dorsal and pectoral fins,

XXIIL— The Peciliid Fishes of the Genus Jenyansia.

By C. Tate Re@an, M.A.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

For many years the only known species of the genus

Jenynsia was J. lineata, Jenyns *, originally described from

Maldonado and Montevideo. In 1902 a second species,

* For the synonymy v, Garman, Mem, Mus, Comp, Zool. xix. 1897,

p. 69.

——

Peciliid Fishes of the Genus Jenynsia. 233

J. pygogramma, was described by Boulenger* ; the types

come from the Rio Cruz del Eje, Cordova, Argentina, and

the species is well distinguished from J. lineata by its

irregular scaling, the abdomen being naked and the scales on

the back much smaller than on the sides of the body.

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In 1906 I described J. maculatat from Cachi, Salta,

Argentina, as a new species, and quite recently Haseman

has added J. eigenmanni{t, a supposed new species from

the Rio Iguassu.

* Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) ix. 1902, p. 336.

+ Ibid. (7) xviii. 1906, p. 164.

¢ Ann. Carnegie Mus. vii. 1911, p. 385, pl, lxxxii.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xi. 16

234: Mr. W. Schaus on

As a result of the study of a large number of specimens,

especially a series from the La Plata received from the

Berlin Museum, I have reached the conclusion that J. macu-

lata and J. eigenmanni are merely varieties of J. lineata,

and that the species is extremely variable in the pattern of

its markings.

In typical Uineata there are narrow longitudinal stripes

along the series of scales; in some specimens these may be

to a greater or less extent broken up into spots (fig. a).

Numerous examples approximating to the typical form in the

collection of the Natural History Museum are from the Rio

Grande do Sul, the La Plata, Naposta Grande, and Tala,

Salta, Argentina. In the variety maculata (fig. 6) the

spots are larger and fewer, but there is no sharp line of

demarcation from /ineata.

A series of examples from the La Plata, received from the

Berlin Museum, includes some typical maculata and others

with the spots still larger and fewer ; some of these have

the spots mostly rounded or ovate, in some they are ex-

panded longitudinally and in others vertically. ‘T'wo of the

extreme forms are figured: one (fig. c) bears a close resem-

blance to Haseman’s J. eigenmanni; the other (fig. d) leads

towards the barred variety figured below it (fig. e), one of

three nearly similar specimens from Caiza, Bolivian Chaco

(Coll. Borelli).

XXIV.—New Species of Heterocera from Costa Rica.—XX.

By W. Scuaus, F.Z.S.

Thyridide.

Macrogonia major, sp. n.

@. Palpi purple-brown, the second joint shaded below

with grey and fuscous. Head, collar, and thorax yellow-

roseate. Fore wings yellowish, thickly reticulated with

roseate ; costa with numerous dark spots to near middle,

then with widely separated black streaks along extreme edge;

a fine black line from middle of inner margin to near apex;

a faint brownish basal line; a similar sinuous antemedial

line; an indistinct annular line at end of cell; some mar-

ginal black reticulations. Hind wings deep roseate; a

black medial line; a fainter postmedial line; some terminal

fine dark reticulations; cilia on both wings dark red, tipped

Heterocera from Costa Rica. 235

with black and whitish. Wings below brownish buff, the

lines very indistinct ; a large black spot with white point at

end of cell on fore wings; cilia lilacine rose mottled with

black.

Expanse 32 mm.

Hab. Sixola, Esperanza.

Betousa stellata, sp. n.

9. Body above greyish brown; abdomen irrorated with

grey, dorsally shaded with black; abdomen below with a

ventral black shade, divided by a brownish-grey line.

Wings brown tinged with grey, streaked and spotted with

greyish white. Fore wings: basal third with streaks broken

into spots by veins, mottled and edged with darker brown;

medial, postmedial, and subterminal spots edged with darker

brown, and containing dark points, with diverging lines

eutting each spot into five or six divisions; these spots all

become smaller and less distinct towards costa ; the post-

medial spots are incurved below cell and almost suffuse with

medial spots; the subterminal spots are partly followed by

some very small spots ; small marginal spots less distinctly

subdivided. Hind wings: the spots are smaller, whiter on

inner margin, and only the postmedial and subterminal show

dark centres. Wings below greyer, with the spots similar

but less distinct.

Expanse 41 mm.

Hab. Sixola.

The wings are broad, the outer margins rounded.

Rhodoneura changuinola, sp. n.

3. Palpiand frons brown. Vertex and thorax dark grey.

Abdomen pale brown. Fore wings pale brown, the hind

wings greyish brown, the lines and striz fuscous brown,

Fore wings: large medial, postmedial, and a’smaller sub-

terminal white shade on costa; inner margin faintly shaded

with grey; basal line slightly outcurved ; antemedial more

outeurved, sinuous on inner margin; medial oblique, out-

curved above submedian ; postmedial from white costal shade

obliquely outcurved to inner margin near tornus; a sub-

terminal heavier line from costa to termen at vein 4; some

irregular striz except on basal third. Hind wings: a straight

basal line ; antemedial somewhat angled; a faint medial

line and small dark spot on discocellular ; postmedial and

subterminal lines distinct, and a fainter line between them ;

some marginal strie. Wings below paler, the dines as above.

236 Mr. W. Schaus on

Fore wings: cell fulvous to antemedial line ; a similar shade

along subcostal and vein 8 to apex, interrupted medially ;

velvety black streaks irrorated with metallic scales ante-

medially below subcostal and on median, below subcostal

between medial and postmedial lines, and also beyond the

latter ; the antemedial line expands in cell and below it, and

is blacker, irrorated with yellow hairs.

Expanse 16 mm,

Hab, Sixola.

Rhodoneura semierma, sp. n.

@. Palpi buff. Frons brown. Vertex, collar, and thorax

dark olive, the patagia paler. Abdomen above pale olive ; ja

black dorsal spot at base; second segment crossed by a

velvety olive-brown shade, expanding laterally; abdomen

below roseate brown. Wings buff, tinged with brown.

Fore wings: costa and cell anteriorly mottled with grey and

dark olive, also some black shading along costal edge; an

antemedial inangled fuscous line in cell, irrorated with

opalescent scales; irregular, transverse, fine brownish lines

on basal third; a large black shade at end of cell, narrowest

between veins 6 and 9, and suffusing below 6 with a dark

brown postmedial streak from costa ; a brownish shade below

vein 3 narrows to a point on inner margin; the postmedial

streak on costa is shaded on either side with grey and in-

distinctly with silvery white, beyond which is a longitudinal

black and reddish-brown streak above vein 8; a subterminal

line from veins 8 to 5 is replaced below it by geminate strize ;

termen shaded with grey, brown from costa to vein 3, in-

dentate on veins; from vein 4 to inner margin a brown shade

follows close to termen. Hind wings: some faint brownish

shadings and spots, also scattered black irrorations, more

thickly antemedially, forming broken lines; a larger medial

and postmedial black spot near inner margin. Underneath

brighter, the shadings suffused with fuscous.

Expanse 44 mm.

Hab. Sixola.

Wings narrow; outer margin of fore wings oblique, of

hind wings incurved below apex.

Rhodoneura umbrata, sp. n.

@. Palpi reddish brown. Head, collar, and thorax dark

brown, the patagia shaded with grey anteriorly. Abdomen

fuscous, the last segments with dark brown lines. Legs buff,

the tibiz shaded with reddish brown. Fore wings fuscous,

fleterocera from Costa Rica. 237

the costa faintly mottled with brown; a whitish-buff shade

below cell to submedian and termen, thickly mottled with

fuscous to beyond middle, then less so; a similar broad shade

on outer margin from vein 4 to above vein 6, crossed by

indistinct fuscous lines. Hind wings: costal margin broadly

fuscous, edged behind by a lunular white line; posterior

portion lilacine, with faint brownish spots. Fore wings

below fuscous, the costa and apex buft-brown, and some

similar irregular subterminal markings. Hind wings below:

costa brownish, with black strive; cell and beyond to apex

fuscous grey, shading behind to black; the lunular white

line suffusing with white ground-colour of posterior portion

of wing; the spots distinct, bright brown. Wings narrow ;

outer margin of fore wing oblique, of hind wing crenulate,

incurved below apex and excised below vein 3.

Eixpanse 33 mm. ~

Hab. Sixola.

Pyralide.

Subfam. Crauervz.

Chilo marcella, sp. n.

?. Palpi, head, collar, thorax, and fore wings ochreous

brown, the wings finely irrorated with fuscous grey ; abdo-

men above and hind wings fuscous grey. Fore wings: a

dark point at end of cell; a postmedial outcurved series of

smoky spots on interspaces; a faint subterminal, lunular,

dentate line, broken by veins; minute fuscous-grey terminal

spots on interspaces ; cilia of both wings tipped with whitish.

Wings below fuscous grey, the margins pale buff, widest on

termen and apex of fore wing.

Expanse 61 mm.

Hab. Sixola, Esperanza, La Florida.

Some specimens are browner, others paler than type.

Daratoperas vinasella, sp. n.

d. Palpi fuscous, fringed above with whitish buff.

Head, collar, and thorax whitish buff. Abdomen above

fuscous brown, terminal segment whitish buff. Fore wings

pale buff; some scattered black scales ; a small black spot at

end of cell ;: a smoky shade along median and veins 3 to 5

to termen ; a fine smoky postmedial line, deeply outcurved

beyond cell and inbent to middle of inner margin, slightly

inangled below vein 2; a similar subterminal line, straighter

and dentate from costa to vein 5; terminal black spots on

238 Mr. W. Schaus on

interspaces ; cilia whitish, Hind wings fuscous brown ;

costal margin and cilia whitish ; an interrupted terminal dark

line. Wings below whitish ; fuscous spots on discocellular ; _

terminal black points; a fine and indistinct subterminal

line.

9. Fore wings paler, browner, discal point and _post-

medial line barely visible; terminal black spots smaller.

Hind wings paler. Underneath buff-white, with no markings

except afew terminal black points.

Expanse, ¢ 45, ¢ 65 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas, San José.

Evrupa evanidella, sp. n.

$. Body and fore wings whitish buff; abdomen with

faint yellowish transverse shades. Fore wings: a fine,

lunular, greyish-brown postmedial line, outcurved beyond

cell, the lunules incurved, and all very faint, except the

lunule above submedian, which is coarse and heavily marked ;

a subterminal similar line, but the ]unules outcurved ; minute

terminal grey spots. Hind wings whiter; a faint sub-

terminal greyish spot below vein 2 and one above vein 9.

Wings below without markings.

Expanse 35 mm.

Hab. Sixola.

Erupa discordella, sp. n.

gS. Palpi, head, and body dull reddish brown ; lateral

orange tufts at base of abdomen. Fore wings bright brown ;

incurved dark brown lunule in cell ; postmedial line fine,

whitish, heavily shaded outwardly with dark brown, from

vein 8 across end of cell to middle of inner margin ; a straight,

postmedial, fine whitish line from costa, inwardly edged with

small triangular dark brown spots on veins and outwardly

narrowly shaded with dark brown; a terminal reddish-

brown line. Hind wings dull dark brown, the veins ter-

minally yellowish. Wings below greenish yellow ; a post-

medial macular black line; an oblique streak on disco-

cellular of fore wing ; a dark brown spot on discocellular of

hind wing.

Expanse 37 mm.

Hab. Carillo.

Near E. congruella, Wlk., but the postmedial line not so

oblique as in Walker’s species.

—————

Heterocera from Costa Rica. 239

Erupa invidella, sp. 0.

3. Palpi, head, collar, and thorax brown. Abdomen pale

buff, with a few darker irrorations. Fore wings whitish,

thickly irrorated with brown; a faint subbasal ie shade ;

an inangled white line in cell medially ; an oblique white

line on discocellular, interrupted and continuing to inner

margin before middle, outwardly shaded with darker brown ;

a thick subterminal white line, edged with darker brown and

not quite straight; a terminal darker line. Hind wings

thinly scaled, brownish yellow. Wings below thinly scaled

brownish yellow ; some terminal dark spots. Fore wings:

the subterminal line faintly indicated by darker shadings.

Hind wings: a faint discal point; a postmedial finely lunalar

dark line ; a faint subterminal shade.

Expanse 25 mm.

Hab. Sixola, Carillo, Juan Vinas.

Erupa pravella, sp. n.

9. Palpi, head, and collar dark reddish brown. Thorax

dark purple-brown, the patagia tipped with white. Abdomen

above brown, partly shaded dorsally with purplish brown.

Fore wings purplish brown, opalescent ; a medial wavy

black line, somewhat curved on costa and preceded by some

lilacine scales; a brown-black outer coarse line, surmounted

by a white spot on costa and with its outer edge somewhat

dentate ; an interrupted terminal white line, thickest at apex.

Hind wings brown, darker beyond a vague postmedial

fuscous shade. The outer margins of wings are slightly

incurved below apices, then well rounded. Wings below

brown, shaded with fuscous to near termen; an outer darker

shade.

Expanse 35 mm.

Hab. Sitio.

Near Hrupa ruptilineella, Hmpsn.

Platytes thy nella, sp. n.

@. Palpi outwardly light brown, inwardly pale buff.

Head white, with a medial light brown line. Collar light

brown, dorsally whitish. Thorax and abdomen light brown.

Fore wings whitish buff; light brown streaks on costa, in

and below cell, and on interspaces; a whitish line above

submedian from base to just beyond middle, marked by a

brown point medially; a black point at end of cell; faintly

darker shades on intervenal streaks forming a postmedial

240 Mr. W. Schaus on

shade angled beyond cell, obsolete below vein 3, and with

similar shading from its angle to termen below apex ; black

terminal points. Hind wings white.

Expanse 25 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Platytes rutubella, sp. n.

@. Palpi outwardly buff-brown. Head and collar dorsally

whitish ; collar outwardly and patagia buff-brown. Abdo-

men brownish grey. Fore wings dull yellow, streaked with

buff-brown on costa, in cell, below it, and on interspaces ; a

black point at end of cell; a whitish streak on subcostal,

in cell, and below cell, the latter not reaching termen and

irrorated beyond middle with fuscous purple; a purplish

shade from vein 3 at cell to termen below apex; traces of a

faint brownish postmedial shade outangled beyond cell and

inbent to inner margin before middle; terminal black points.

Hind wings white.

Expanse 31 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

DIATRZERUPA, gen. nov.

Fore wings differ from Déatrea in having veins 8, 9, 10 —

stalked and veins 4 and 5 very shortly stalked; vein 11

anastomoses with 12 as in Diatrea. Hind wings: veins 4

and 5 stalked ; 8 anastomosing with 7 to near end.

Type of genus, Diatrerupa guapilella, Schs.

Diatrerupa guapilella, sp. n.

?. Palpi, collar, and thorax light greyish brown. Head

and abdomen whitish buff, the latter with orange-brown on

second and third segments dorsally. Fore wings: the base

broadly shaded with dull brownish grey ; cell and a post-

medial shade brown ; terminal third with brown streaks on

interspaces, suffusing at apex, terminally between veins 3

and 4, and at tornus; terminal black points; a few black

scales scattered in cell and along inner margin. Hind wings

white, very faintly tinged with yellow.

Expanse 23 mm.

Hab. Guapiles.

Crambus albifrons, sp. n.

6. Palpi outwardly dull grey. Frons whitish. Collar

whitish, outwardly shaded with grey. Thorax and abdomen

Fleterocera from Costa Rica. 241

brownish grey. Fore wings: costal margin brown, with a

silvery-white streak from base to middle of wing; a silvery-

white streak from base of cell to termen; space below cell

and vein 5 pale brown, becoming whitish on inner margin

and termen; a fine fuscous-brown streak below cell from

base to postmedial space and similar short streaks between

veins 2 to 4; terminal black spots, obsolescent towards apex ;

cilia silvery white. Hind wings silvery white.

Expanse 23 mm.

Hab. Poas.

Crambus pavidellus, sp. n.

?. Palpi dark brown, mottled above with dull lilacine.

Head dull lilacine brown. Body dark greyish brown. Fore

wings : basal half of costa and cell anteriorly brown ; below

it a white streak trom base expanding at end of cell; a fine

black line along median to vein 2; inner margin broadly

greyish white, suffused with brown basally below cell; a

deeply outeurved dark antemedial line below submedian; a

postmedial dark brown line, outangled beyond cell, preceded

from costa to vein 5 by a fine whitish shade, black from

angle to black line on median, inangled below middle of cell,

outangled on inner margin, parallel with antemedial line ;

space beyond this line greyish white on interspaces, the veins

dark grey or brown to fuscous shading preceding subterminal

line, this shading narrow on inner margin ; subterminal fine,

whitish, outcurved on costa, inbent on inner margin, followed

by a brown line and some whitish spots on interspaces ;

termen brown, with black spots not reaching apex ; a sub-

apical greyish-white line ; cilia dark silvery grey. Hind

wings fuscous grey, darkest on termen; the base, a streak

through cell, and broad shade near inner margin whitish.

Expanse 16 mm.

Hab. Poas.

Crambus retusellus, sp. n.

3. Palpi, head, and thorax grey-white, the collar faintly

tinged with brown. Abdomen pale grey, with darker seg-

mental shades. Fore wings white ; costal margin broadly

brown to beyond middle ; inner margin faintly tinged with

brown, and with scattered dark irrorations; a postmedial

brown line outangled at vein 5, then obsolescent and only

marked on middle of inner margin ; subterminal line gemi-

nate, thick on costa and oblique, then vertical, the inner line

irregular, expanding at vein 5 and preceded by a fine black

242 Mr. W. Schaus on

streak on submedian fold, the outer line fine ; terminal black

points, connected by a fine brownish line. Hind wings white

tinged with grey.

Expanse 12 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Near Crambus atristrigellus, Hmpsn.

Crambus meretricella, sp. n.

?. Palpi bone-colour, ringed with black at base of joints.

Head and thorax mottled grey and black. Abdomen

brownish grey. Fore wings bone-colour, obscured, except on

postmedial space, by grey shadings along costa and in cell,

and below cell by grey and black mottlings; there is a clear

line medially from cell to inner margin, the postmedial space

expands inwardly on inner margin and almost reaches it ;

the terminal space is greyish, crossed by a subterminal bone-

colour shade from vein 6 to inner margin; the terminal

fuscous spots are triangular; cilia dark silvery grey, with a

paler line at base. Hind wings grey ; cilia grey, broadly

tipped with silvery white, and with a pale basal line.

Expanse 12 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Culladia psythiella, sp. n.

3S. Palpi dark greyish brown fringed above with white.

Head, collar, and thorax white, the patagia shaded with brown.

Fore wings velvety white; costa shaded with grey-brown ;

a fine postmedial brown line angled at end of cell, marked by

a dark point below vein 2 and on inner margin; a sub-

terminal geminate brown line, outcurved to vein 5, the inner

of the two lines more heavily marked; an orange-brown

coarse line before apex, and similar marginal spots above and

below vein 5; a terminal line, black at apex, and with

black points below veins 2, 3, and4. Hind wings grey, the

cilia whitish.

Expanse 14 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Subfam. Sczewosrr2z.

Cacographis undulalis, sp. n.

3. Palpi orange-brown, fringed below at base with white.

Head reddish brown. Collar yellow, shaded with orange-

brown in front. Thorax and abdomen yellow above, under-

neath silvery white. Wings yellow shaded with orange-

err

Heterocera from Costa Rica. 243

brown, the lines brown-black. Fore wings incurved below

apex, then outcurved ; base of costa finely black; a basal

and an antemedial line, the latter slightly inbent below cell ;

a hyaline spot at end of cell, edged, except along median,

with fuscous brown, more broadly outwardly and with two

white spots ; postmedial line fine, sinuous, outcurved beyond

cell; a fine terminal brown line. Hind wings: a large

hyaline spot at end of cell, also dark edged and followed by

fuscous irrorations, and a small white spot at lower angle of

cell ; postmedial line sinuous ; outer margin more darkly

irrorated ; apex produced, termen incurved below it; a fine

terminal line. Wings below bone-white; the postmedial

line punctiform, with a large spot above submedian on fore

wing, and more distinct spots on costa and between veins

5 and 6.

Expanse 38 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

LOXMAIONIA, gen. nov.

Palpi porrect, short, thickly scaled ; antennz with short

ciliated pectinations, diminishing and not reaching tips ;

legs hairy; abdomen robust. Fore wings long, rather

narrow ; vein 2 before end of cell; 3, 4, 5 approximated at

their base ; 6 from upper angle of cell; 7 from cell approxi-

mated to 8 for a fourth of its length ; 8 and 9 on long stalk;

10 and 11 from cell. Hind wings: vein 2 from before lower

angle of cell; 3, 4,5 from lower angle; 6 and 7 on short

stalk ; 8 approximating 7 for a short distance beyond its

stalk with 6.

Type of genus, Lormaionia megale, Schs.

Loxmaionia megale, sp. n.

3. Palpi white, shaded with brownish grey at base.

Frons white with two greyish spots; vertex and collar

yellowish white, the latter with a transverse greyish shade ;

thorax mottled dark grey and whitish, yellowish white

behind ; abdomen dark greyish brown, with dorsal and sub-

dorsal interrupted whitish lines, and segmental yellowish-

white lines on two basal segments. Fore wings dark greyish

brown ; interrupted basal and antemedial whitish lines; a

small white spot in cell medially, and a similar short streak

below cell; an oblique whitish line on discocellular, and

interrupted line below it to inner margin; interspaces from

veins 2-5 and 6-7 thinly scaled postmedially showing a

whitish ground-colour, also the terminal spaces between

244 Mr. W. Schaus on

veins 2 and4 ; traces of a subterminal irregular whitish line ;

the spots and lines faintly edged with fuscous brown; cilia

white spotted with grey-brown. Hind wings semihyaline

white ; a fuscous-grey shade on inner margin; costal margin

and terminal shadings from vein 5 to apex fuscous grey, also

a faint postmedial line near costa, and an interrupted terminal

line ; cilia as on fore wing.

Expanse 49 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas, Sixola.

Hositea bicincta, sp. n.

@. Labial and maxillary palpi white, shaded with black-

brown at base. Head and thorax white; collar medially

black-brown, outwardly white. Abdomen whitish, the third

and fifth segments with broad black-brown bands, the other

segments with very pale brownish shadings and a few dark

irrorations. Fore wings white; a black point at base below

cell, followed by a large black spot and one on costa; a fine

outcurved yellow-brown line marked by a few darker scales

below cell; a thick oblique black streak on discocellular, and

smaller inbent spots below it from vein 3 to inner margin ;

a postmedial, broad, very pale brown shade, follows a fine

macular black line from veins 7 to 3 obliquely outcurved, the

last spot outset; an oblique, dentate, light reddish-brown

shade from vein 6 to termen at vein 4; a terminal black line

thick at apex, diminishing to vein 4, below vein 4 terminal

black points. Hind wings white, somewhat hyaline to post-

medial line; a black spot near base ; a small medial spot at

vein 7; a large round spot at end of cell, brown, crossed by

a whitish shade and partly edged with black ; postmedial

line black, inbent to discal spot at vein 3, and sinuous to

inner margin, followed at veins 3 to 2 by a brown shade, and

from vein 2 to inner margin by a black shade; outer margin

broadly shaded with pale brown from costa to vein 3 ; a fine

interrupted brown terminal line, and a triangular spot between

veins 2 and 3.

Expanse 28 mm.

Hab, Sixola.

Patissa parvipunctella, sp. n.

@. Palpi brown. Head, body, and wings white. Fore

wings: costa from base to near middle fuscous brown ; spots

fuscous brown ; a large spot at end of cell; a small spot

on subcostal before middle, and a large spot above inner

margin ; a small spot on costa near apex and one at tornus.

Heterocera from Costa Rica. 245

Hind wings: aspot below cell and one at anal angle. Wings

below without markings.

Expanse 13 mm.

Hab. Sixola.

Subfam. Pzarcerrryz.

Acrobasis jocarella, sp. n.

?. Palpi, head, collar, and thorax pale olive-buff, the

patagia purplish. Abdomen dorsally whitish buff, sub-

dorsally dark purplish brown. Fore wings: margins dull

pale olive with a few dark irrorations; cell mottled dull

olive and reddish brown ; a broad reddish-brown shade below

cell; a medial black line on costa, two points on median,

and traces of a dark geminate line from below cell; two

black points on discocellular; a postmedial fuscous line,

sinuous, outangled between veins 4 and 5; a subterminal

brownish shade not reaching costa, crossed by white streaks

and black points on veins from 6 to submedian ; a subterminal

fuscous shade on costa ; terminal black spots. Hind wings

purplish brown ; cilia grey-white, crossed by a darker shade

at base.

Expanse 26 mm.

Hab. Avangarez.

Myelois fearnella, sp. n.

3. Palpi brown mottled with grey. Head and thorax

dark grey. Abdomen brownish, with pale segmental lines.

Fore wings: costa dark grey, somewhat paler at base ;

inner margin grey irrorated with pale reddish brown; termen

narrowly paler grey; cell, below it, and intervenal spaces °

pale reddish brown, somewhat mottled with grey; a fine

black streak below subcostal; median finely black ; sub-

median irrorated with black; veins 2-6 black, interrupted

by a grey subterminal shade slightly outcurved ; two black

spots on discocellular, some postmedial greyish clusters of

scales on veins also interrupting black streaks; terminal

black spots on interspaces. Hind wings semihyaline, dirty

white, faintly iridescent ; veins and narrow terminal shade

dark.

Expanse 23 mm.

Hab. Avangarez.

Myelois dorsimacula, sp. n.

9. Palpi, head, and collar brown; thorax similar

irrorated with dark brown. Abdomen pale brownish at

246 Mr. W. Schaus on

base, otherwise duller brown, with transverse fuscous

shadings ; a large dorsal, dark red-brown, velvety spot on

second segment and a smaller paler spot on first. Fore

wings brown, darker shaded on inner and outer margins; a

faint outbent fuscous basal line ; traces of a geminate line on

inner margin and a small spot below cell ; a cluster of dark

velvety scales on discocellular, and a few similar scales below

vein 2; a very faint paler outer line, vertical to vein 5,

slightly outcurved to vein 2, then inset and again outeurved ;

terminal fuscous spots. Hind wings semihyaline lilacine,

darker shaded on terminal space.

Eixpanse 40 mm.

Hab. Sixola.

Hypsipyla fluviatella, sp. n.

3. Palpi whitish at base, otherwise brown, the second

and third joints terminally whitish buff. Head whitish

buff. Tegulee mottled reddish and grey-brown, dorsally edged

with whitish buff. Patagia reddish brown. Abdomen buff-

brown. Fore wings reddish brown, the base broadly darker

shaded ; the medial line reddish brown, outbent on costa,

then vertical, forming three lunules, defined by pale narrow

buff shadings inwardly, also preceded on inner margin by

some greyish-white scaling, and followed by paler buff shading

beyond cell to apex, interrupted on costa terminally by a

broad dark streak, and on vein 6 by a fine dark streak ; the

inner margin whitish at tornus; terminal whitish spots on

veins 2-4, extending on cilia. Hind wings semihyaline

white, slightly iridescent; a dark brown line on costa.

Expanse 45 mm.

Hab. Sixola.

Piesmopoda angulineella, sp. n.

2. Palpi outwardly brown. Head, collar, and thorax

pale olive-ochre. Abdomen dark purple-brown, with broad

pale segmental line, and dorsal line on basal half. Fore

wings: costal margin and cell medially whitish, otherwise

pale olive-ochre ; base of costa reddish, and similar irrorations

on extreme edge, in cell along subcostal, and vein 8 to apex; —

some dull brown irrorations below cell and postmedially ;

antemedial line fine, dark greyish brown, outbent, angled

below cell, inangled on submedian, outbent on inner margin ;

a whitish spot on discocellular ; subterminal line straight,

whitish buff, edged with dark greyish brown ; some terminal

—

a) eet te

Heterocera from Costa Lica. 247

black scales, barely traceable. Hind wings semihyaline

smoky grey ; cilia whitish with a dark shade near base. |

Expanse 21 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Piesmopoda burdettella, sp. n.

3d. Palpi brown, shaded with white below on basal half.

Head, collar, and thorax ochreous brown. Abdomen dark

brown, with paler segmental lines; white dorsal points edged

with black on two basal segments. Fore wings: costal

space above median white, thinly irrorated with reddish

brown, and with a similar small antemedial spot and long

medial streak on extreme edge ; below cell to inner margin

lilacine brown shaded with ochreous and red; some black

scales on submedian antemedially, followed by a whitish

streak interrupted by a black medial point ; a black medial

point on median ; two distinct black points on discocellular ;

a sinuous subterminal white line broadly edged inwardly

with fuscous brown, outwardly with reddish brown ; whitish

irrorations on outer margin, chiefly towards apex ; a terminal

black line not reaching apex; cilia lilacine brown, divided by

a dark grey shade. Hind wings semihyaline brownish white,

darker on termen ; cilia grey, with a paler line at base.

Expanse 20 mm.

Hab. Poas, Juan Vinas.

Piesmopoda montella, sp. n.

9. Palpi brown, the third joint irrorated below with

black. Frons brown. Vertex, collar, and thorax ochreous

brown. Abdomen fuscous brown with triangular ochreous

shades, reduced to lines on three terminal segments. Fore

wings ochreous brown; costal margin to subterminal line

broadly white irrorated with reddish brown, its extreme edge

brown with commencement of an antemedial line ; two smali

reddish spots on discocellular ; subterminal inbent on costa,

then slightly outcurved pale reddish brown, edged on either

side with black from costa to vein 2; some terminal black

points ; cilia ochreous: brown divided by whitish irrorations.

Hind wings semihyaline brownish white, darkest terminally ;

cilia pale with a dark shade near base.

Expanse 24 mm.

Hab, Poas.

Piesmopoda nerthella, sp. n.

¢. Palpi white, finely irrorated and tipped with light

248 Mr. W. Schaus on

brown. Head brown. Collar and thorax grey-black.

Abdomen fuscous grey with pale segmental lines. Fore

wings: base dark grey shading to light grey towards ante-

medial line which is outbent, white, outwardly edged with

brown ; space beyond dark grey tinged with purple, some-

what paler terminally ; a subterminal dentate brownish

shade, darker at apex ; a faint dark point on discocellular ;

costa shaded with brown on outer half; very minute dark

terminal spots; cilia brown faintly irrorated with whitish

grey. Hind wings semihyaline, brownish white, the veins

and termen darker.

Expanse 19 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Hyalospila celiella, sp. n.

g. Palpi brown. Frons whitish, medially ochraceous.

Vertex, collar, and thorax ochraceous. Abdomen grey-

brown; a paler dorsal streak on first three segments, and

subdorsal black points on basal segment; anal tufts orange.

Fore wings brownish ; the subcostal and median shaded

with white, both edged below with dark brown; veins

terminally dark brown irrorated with grey towards costa; an

ochreous shade below cell and along inner margin ; ante-

medial and medial brown suffusions in cell and on sub-

median, those medially interrupting the white shade on

median and on submedian preceded and followed by white

streaks ; short dark brown streaks on veins postmedially ;

two indistinct dark spots on discocellular; cilia brownish

grey, with faint paler irrorations, and a light brown shade at

base. Hind wings semihyaline, dirty white, shading to

fuscous terminally ; cilia whitish, crossed at base by a pale

brown and fuscous line.

Expanse 19 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Ulophora subsutella, sp. n.

_ @. Body light brown; anal hairs black. Fore wings

light brown ; medial line outcurved, fine, black, crossing a

fuscous-grey shade in and just below cell; a clearer pale

brown spot on discocellular, and shade beyond it; sub-

terminal line fine, fuscous brown, vertical on costa, slightly

inbent from vein 5 to inner margin, followed by a light

brown line and a diffuse fuscous-brown shade ; termen finely

dark brown. Hind wings semihyaline, whitish, tinged with

pale brown. Vein 2 fringed below with downturned ochreous-

brown hairs.

Expanse 17 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

[leterocera from Costa Rica. 249

Discopalptia semproniella, sp. 0.

3. Palpi, head, collar, and thorax olive-buff. Abdomen

similar at base, shading to fuscous on terminal segments; a

small black-and-white dorsal spot on second segment. Fore

wings buff-brown ; costal margin brownish white irrorated

with reddish brown; cell antemedially brown irrorated with

black and reddish scales; a pale line along median vein to

end of cell; first line represented by small black spots on

subcostal, median, and submedian, the last geminate; two

black points on discocellular ; veins terminally dark streaked ;

a diffuse subterminal dark brown shade with traces of a pale

sinuous line ; some terminal black scaling ; cilia grey-brown.

Hind wings semihyaline white, iridescent, tinged with brown ;

termen narrowly dark shaded.

Expanse 20 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Pectinigeria museella, sp. n.

3. Palpi, head, and thorax pale roseate brown. Abdomen

olive-brown, shaded dorsally with greyish white. Fore wings :

base of costa and cell dark grey ; costa otherwise roseate

white, shaded behind with olive-grey and then roseate brown,

which fills the greater portion of wing ; a faint roseate-white

shade from middle of submedian to termen between veins

4 and 5, the inner margin and tornal space below it very

pale roseate brown ; a few black scales are scattered over the

wing. Hind wings creamy white, somewhat iridescent.

Expanse 24 mm.

Hab. Banana River.

Zophodia dryopella, sp. n.

¢. Palpi brown above, whitish grey below. Head dark

brownish grey. Collar brown irrorated with white. Thorax

white irrorated with brown. Abdomen brownish grey.

Fore wings white, the inner margin broadly brown; some

dark irrorations at base; costa finely black at base ; ante-

medial broad, white, defined by two black lines wavily

outbent from costa, angled below cell, and slightly incurved

to near inner margin; a short black streak below disco-

cellular; subterminal defined inwardly by a fine black

interrupted dentate line, outwardly by a black spot on costa,

and brown spots, expanding and suffusing towards inner

margin ; terminal dark brown spots except at apex; cilia

whitish grey. Hind wings semihyaline brownish white, the

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xi. 17

250 Mr. W. Schaus on

veins darker. Fore wings below with a white costal spot

before apex.

Expanse 23 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Eucampyla putidella, sp. n.

@?. Body and fore wings greyish brown thinly irrorated

with darker scales. Fore wings: a faint dark basal line; a

darker medial line, outcurved and inangled on submedian, a

dark shade on discocellular; subterminal line defined by two

dark lines, inangled at vein 6, outangled below it, and faintly

incurved ; a pale line at base of cilia. Hind wings semi-

hyaline smoky white, darkest on termen ; base of cilia pale,

followed by a faint dark line.

Expanse 2] mm.

Hab, Poas.

AZZRA, gen. nov.

Palpi obliquely ascending, reaching a little above head,

third joint nearly as long as second. Antenne annulate.

Fore wings narrow; vein 2 from end of cell ; 3, 4, 5 stalked;

6 from upper angle; 7 and 8 on very long stalk ; 9 absent ;

10 and 11 free. Hind wings: vein 2 from lower angle of

cell; 3 absent ; 4 and5 stalked ; 6from upper angle; 7 and

8 coincident.

Type of genus, Azwra muciella, Schs.

Azera muciella, sp. n.

&. Palpi mottled brown and grey. Head and thorax dark

grey. Abdomen fuscous with grey segmental lines. Fore

wings grey; the base broadly brownish grey; a similar

medial line slightly outbent from costa; two small fuscous

spots on discocellular; an outer and subterminal brownish-

grey shade parallel with: termen ; a terminal fuscous line ;

cilia dark grey crossed by a whitish line. Hind wings

semihyaline, smoky grey, the veins and termen darker

shaded.

Expanse 13 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Salebria polydectella, sp. n.

@. Palpi and head buff-brown. Collar and thorax dull

dark brownish. Abdomen fuscous brown. Fore wings

mostly fuscous irrorated with dull grey ; the termen and

inner margin between lines shaded with dull grey ; the inner

Feterocera from Costa Rica. 251

margin on basal half tinged with brown; lines fine, velvety

black, the medial slightly sinuous, preceded by a narrow pale

shade, the postmedial faintly inbent from below vein 5 to

inner margin, followed by a dark brown shade, outbent on

costa to apex ; a pale spot on discocellular ; a terminal black

line; cilia outwardly pale reddish brown. Hind wings thinly _

scaled, brownish grey, darkest along termen.

Expanse 20 mm.

Hab, Juan Vinas.

Ceracanthia tecmessella, sp. n.

?. Palpi, head, and collar light reddish brown. Thorax

grey shaded with brown. Fore wings: basal two-thirds

whitish grey, irrorated with black and brown ; an oblique

fuscous-brown shade at base; an antemedial oblique brown

shade on costa and cell, and a small fuscous shade on inner

margin; two black spots at end of cell, placed obliquely ;

terminal third purplish brown, the veins partly streaked with

black, interrupted by a fine whitish subterminal line;

terminal black spots. Hind wings thinly scaled, grey-

brown, the veins and termen darker,

Expanse 14 mm.

Hab, Avangarez.

Nephopteryx obstitella, sp. n.

?. Palpi whitish grey irrorated with brown. Head,

collar, and thorax grey mottled with dull brown. Abdomen

dark grey-brown, with pale segmental lines; a blue-black

shade dorsally on second segment. Fore wings white

irrorated with dark greyish brown; antemedial line broad,

clear white, slightly oblique, edged with fuscous, its outer

edge incurved on inner margin and outbent ; discocellular

line brown irrorated with black ; a postmedial fuscous-brown

shade inbent to below cell, outbent on inner margin ; sub-

terminal line white, slightly inbent on costa, preceded by

short black streaks and outwardly edged by a dentate black

line, broadest on costa; terminal semilunar fuscous spots,

cilia whitish grey. Hind wings semihyaline whitish; a

narrow dark terminal shade.

Expanse 22 mm.

Hab. Poas.

Nephopteryx senesciella, sp. n.

3g. Palpi outwardly fuscous grey. Head, collar, and

252 Mr. W. Schaus on

thorax brownish grey. Abdomen brown ; triangular pale

dorsal shades on segments 2-4; anal hairs brownish buff.

Fore wings: base pale brownish to antemedial line, which is

very broad on costa, outcurved to below cell, then outbent,

narrow, broadly edged outwardly with black on costa and

cell, otherwise narrowly edged with black; a black shade at

base of costa; space beyond whitish grey finely irrorated

with black, more heavily on costa; a thick black streak on

discocellular; an inbent postmedial dark brown shade,

mottled with black on costa and inner margin ; subterminal

line sinuous, indicated by small fuscous spots inwardly and a

dentate line outwardly ; terminal fuscous spots, cilia greyish

white. Hind wings semihyaline white tinged with brown;

the interspaces near discocellular iridescent ; a dark terminal

shade. |

Expanse 16 mm. |

= ;

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Moodna formulella, sp. n.

?. Palpi greyish brown. Head and collar medially light

reddish brown; collar laterally and thorax fuscous grey.

Abdomen brownish grey with fuscous dorsal shadings. Fore

wings: basal half fuscous grey on costa, towards middle of

inner margin, and median vein; a brown shade below cell

and at base of inner margin; the cell greyish, the whole

limited by a fine whitish curved line, thickest on inner

margin, and a thick dark brown curved line; postmedial

space light brown on costa, whitish below it, irrorated with

reddish brown, and greyish on inner margin; the subterminal

line inbent, straight, parallel with termen, buff-white defined

by reddish-brown shading, somewhat diffuse on outer edge ;

some dark streaks on veins on either side of pale subterminal

line; termen greyish, with reddish-brown spots on inter-

spaces; cilia dark silky grey. Hind wings semihyaline

brownish grey, the veins darker; the termen narrowly

darker.

Expanse 28 mm.

Hab. Jvan Vinas.

Subfam. GarrerravZ.

ATHALIPTIS, gen. nov.

Female.—Palpi long, slender, porrect, slightly downcurved.

Antenne simple. Legs smooth. Fore wings long, narrow;

apex acute, outer margin oblique ; vein 3 betore lower angle ;

Fleterocera from Costa Rica. 253

4 and 5 from lower angle; 6 close to upper angle; 7-10

stalked from upper angle, 10 before 7; 11 free. Hind

wings: discocellular inangled to near base ; veins 3 and 5

stalked ; 4 absent ; 6 from upper angle; 7 and 8 stalked.

Near Tirathaba,

Type of genus, Athaliptis cymonia, Schs.

Athaliptis cymonia, sp. n.

?. Palpi pale rust-brown. Head and collar white.

Thorax, abdomen, and fore wings pale straw-colour. Fore

wings irrorated with dull yellow ; cell and just below it

irrorated with pale rust-brown, extending to postmedial line,

which is fine, outangled at vein 5; terminal dark spots on

interspaces. Hind wings white. Wings below silky shaded

with greyish brown, darker on fore wings, which have the

costa shaded with roseate brown; terminal fuscous grey

spots on both wings.

Expanse 22 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Subfam. Hpreascuiuy2#.

Pococera narthusa, sp. n.

@. Palpi and frons fuscous grey. Vertex, collar, and

thorax buff-brown,. Abdomen fuscous grey with pale seg-

mental lines. Fore wings above median and vein 4 grey,

below it whitish irrorated with brown and grey ; an ante-

medial fuscous point in cell, and one below cell, followed by

a brownish line from costa slightly outbent; a fuscous point

on discocellular ; postmedial very faint, from costa, out-

curved around cell, from vein 3 very distinct fuscous, incurved

and outbent from submedian fold, followed throughout by a

brownish shade to outer line, which is darker brown, slightly

incurved from vein 5; subterminal brown spots on inter-

spaces, followed by the darker terminal spots ; cilia brownish.

Hind wings brown ; cilia with paler line at base and whitish

tips. Wings below without lines.

Expanse 18 mm.

Hab. Tuis.

Subfam. Curysavernz.

Gephyra siderealis, sp. n.

3. Palpi, head, and collar dark reddish brown, somewhat

opalescent. Thorax fuscous brown, opalescent. Abdomen and

254 Mr. W. Schaus on

hind wings fuscous brown, the former with fine pale segmental

lines. Fore wings deep purple, iridescent; an antemedial

dark reddish-brown shade, widest on costa, not reaching

inner margin; a yellow spot irrorated with red medially on

costa, preceded by a broken white line, and followed by a

thick white line; a yellow spot in cell below it, and a white

spot in cell above median, the latter followed by a small

yellow and red spot; postmedial line slightly curved,

brownish, indistinct ; a small white spot on costa beyond

postmedial ; a broad subterminal dark red shade, irrorated

with yellow towards costa, interrupted at vein 3 and not

reaching inner margin, followed partly by some dark brown

shading ; a slight yellow shade at apex ; cilia yellow from

apex to vein 4, then dark. Wings below fuscous, shaded

with dark red especially at apices; fore wing with pale

yellowish costal patch medially ; hind wings with postmedial

yellowish line.

Eixpanse, ¢ 19, 9 23 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas, Sitio, Cachi.

Casuaria neglecta, sp. n.

6. Palpifuscous. Head, collar, and patagia olive-brown.

Thorax and abdomen ochreous brown. Fore wings dark

olive-brown; base of costa light brown; a small black spot

at end of cell ; a small white costal spot before apex ; a fine

pale and indistinct line from apex to inner margin before

tornus ; some lilacine scales terminally. Hind wings bright

yellow, the outer margin broadly black, its inner edge angled

at vein 3; the costa narrowly black. Wings below bright

yellow ; the costal margins narrowly, the outer margins

broadly black; base of costa on fore wing shaded with brown.

2. Fore wings more distinctly olive; traces of a fine

antemedial line ; two small whitish spots medially below cell,

shaded with a few brown scales, these spots superposed

obliquely, the upper spot minute. Underneath the costa of

fore wing broadly reddish brown to apex.

Iixpanse, ¢ 25, 2? 26 mm,

Hab. Sixola.

Casuarta purpurea, sp. 0.

@. Palpi dark purplish red. Head, collar, and thorax

lilacine brown. Abdomen dark olive-grey with faint paler

segmental lines. Fore wings dark lilacine brown thinly

irrorated with black, especially on medial space; lines fine,

paler, the antemedial slightly outbent, the postmedial out-

FE ee

Hleterocera from Costa Rica. 255

curved below costa, then slightly inbent; a small white spot

on costa beyond postmedial; some lilacine irrorations ter-

minally towards apex. Hind wings brownish orange, darkest

terminally, and more broadly at vein 3; cilia purplish.

Wings below brownish orange, the apices broadly shaded

with dark purple.

Expanse 19-24 mm.

Hab. Esperanza, Sixola.

Casuaria angulinea, sp. n.

@. Palpi fuscous grey irrorated with whitish grey. Head

dark olive-grey. Collar and thorax lilacine brown. Abdo-

men orange-brown. Fore wings greyish brown, shading to

reddish brown terminally ; antemedial line dark brown,

glightly outcurved below cell; postmedial line fuscous

brown, deeply outangled opposite cell, followed on costa by

a pale olive-grey shade to apex ; afew grey scales terminally ;

cilia dark grey-brown tipped with white. Hind wings

orange-brown. Fore wings below lilacine brown, the darker

lines visible on costa. Hind wings below paler; a_post-

medial fuscous shade most distinct and broader from costa to

vein 4, outwardly edged with grey, interrupted below vein 4

and on inner margin.

Eixpanse 20 mm.

Hab. Tuis, Guapiles.

Xantippe caphysoides, sp. n.

9. Head, thorax, and fore wings lilacine buff irrorated

with red. Abdomen buff-brown shaded with fuscous. Fore

wings: an antemedial and a postmedial fine yellow line,

vertical and parallel ; some black irrorations on costa on

medial side of lines; cilia dark red at base, terminally

yellowish white. Hind wings buff-yellow; the costa and

termen irrorated with red, and a similar postmedial line not

reaching inner margin ; a terminal interrupted reddish-brown

line. Fore wing below purplish red; a pale antemedial

streak on costa; a pale postmedial line slightly outbent ;

terminal yellow points on veins ; costa and apex irrorated

with yellow. Hind wings below buff-yellow ; costal margin

to postmedial line broadly dark purple-red; outer margin

irrorated with red; the postmedial lines better defined ; the

terminal line as above.

Expanse 25 mm.

Hab. Turrialba, 5800 feet.

256 Mr. W. Schaus on

Xantippe suavis, sp. 0.

3. Head, collar, thorax, and fore wings olive-buff.

Abdomen slightly darker. Fore wings: two faintly paler

lines; the medial line inbent, defined by darker scaling along

its outer edge, the postmedial vertical, defined by darker

scaling on either side. Hind wings fuscous grey.

Expanse 12 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

SPEOSIA, gen. nov.

Male.—Palpi short, filiform, upturned not reaching vertex.

Antenne pubescent. Legs smooth. Fore wings: costa

highly arched antemedially with cavity below; apex to

vein 4 produced, incurved below vein 4 ; the termen between

4 and apex very slightly ineurved ; vein 2 from just beyond

middle of cell; 3 before end of cell; 4 and 5 from lower

angle; 6 from near upper angle; 7, 8, 9 on long stalk from

upper angle; 10 free; 11 free, upcurved near cavity; costal

margin with short fringe at base. Hind wings: cell long,

terminally broad, the discocellular straight, vein 2 from

lower angle; 3 above angle, 4 absent, 5 from middle of

discocellular; 6 and 7 stalked to close to termen; the scales

downturned from vein 8 to middle of cell, upturned from

median; glandular patches beyond cell and also below

vein 2.

Type of genus, Speosia bullata, Schs.

Speosia bullata, sp. n.

g. Head greyish brown, Collar, thorax, and fore wings

light brown. Abdomen and hind wings fuscous brown.

Fore wings: costa near base highly arched with fovea below,

the space thus formed shaded with fuscous ; a small fuscous

spot at end of cell; terminal space darker shaded. Wings

below buff-brown; fore wings outwardly shaded with dark grey

above vein 2; fovea fuscous. Hind wings shaded with dark

grey at apex; a large patch of raised brown scales beyond

and below cell.

Expanse 15 mm.

Hab, Juan Vinas.

Pelasgis? socialis, sp. n.

@. Palpi, head, collar, and patagia roseate brown ; thorax

and abdomen dark brown. Fore wings roseate brown; a

Heterocera from Costa Rica. 257

broad antemedial dark brown fascia, narrowest on inner

margin, its inner edge slightly outbent, its outer edge limited

by a pale line outwardly finely shaded with fuscous, some-

what inbent below cell; postmedial line slightly outcurved

beyond cell, incurved from vein 4 to inner margin, pale-

coloured, almost white on costa, defined by narrow fuscous

shading, and punctiform on veins 2-4 ; a subterminal dark

shade crossed by dark streaks on veins and suffusing with

the darker terminal space. Hind wings dark greyish brown ;

a subterminal pale line on a darker shade below vein 2.

Wings below reddish brown; an irregular postmedial

whitish line partly edged with fuscous shadings.

Expanse 24 mm.

Hab. Tuis, Juan Vinas.

Lepidomys viridans, sp. n.

9. Palpi olive-grey. Head and body pale yellowish

green. Fore wings: base and termen pale yellowish green ;

intermediate space dark green, edged by white lines, the

inner line medial on costa, inbent to inner margin towards

base, outer line angled below costa near apex, inbent to

middle of inner margin ; apex dark yellow-green. Hind

wings whitish grey, darker terminally. Wings below

showing indistinctly the markings of upper side.

Expanse 20 mm.

Hab. Sixola.

Arta incurvalis, sp.n.

9. Head, collar, and thorax pale greyish brown shaded

with red. Abdomen greyish brown. Fore wings roseate

brown irrorated with red; lines dull yellowish, the medial

slightly incurved, the postmedial vertical; termen shaded

with grey; a terminal interrupted fuscous line ; cilia

yellowish white. Hind wings greyish.

Expanse 21 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Sarcistis rufescens, sp. n.

@. Palpi, head, collar, and thorax brownish grey. Abdo-

men thickly irrorated with dull dark brown; pale segmental

lines. Fore wings brownish red, the termen greyish, irro-

rated with dark red; the two lines fine, dark red, almost

vertical and parallel ; the costa finely yellowish ; cilia dark

red at base, luteous terminally. Hind wings fuscous grey ;

258 Mr. W. Schaus on

cilia luteous, crossed by a dark red line. Fore wings below

red; costal margin irrorated with yellow ; inner margin

whitish ; a fuscous-grey shade in and below cell. Hind

wings below whitish, the costal margin and termen, broadly

near apex, red, irrorated with yellow; a postmedial pale line

on costal half.

ixpanse 18 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Diloxis apicalis, sp. n.

3. Palpi, head, and collar lilacine brown. ‘Thorax

purplish brown. Abdomen greyish brown. Fore wings

lilacine brown ; a large pale yellow costal spot from costal

tuft not quite reaching termen ; lines darker brown, the ante-

medial outbent to median at vein 2, then vertical to inner

margin; the postmedial deeply outbent and outcurved from

vein o to vein 2, then downbent ; the termen dark shaded.

Hind wings fuscous. Wings below fuscous grey ; the apex

of fore wing whitish yellow.

ixpanse 23 mm.

Hab. La Florida.

Near Dilowis ochriplaga, Hmpsn.

Condylolomia obscura, sp. 0.

3. Body and wings dark brown, the latter silky ; a post-

medial fuscous line. Fore wings also with an antemedial

fuscous line. Wings below somewhat paler brown without

markings,

Expanse 17 mm.

Hab. Carillo.

NAVURA, gen. nov.

Male.—Palpi porrect, fringed above with a triangular

tuft; antenne simple. Fore wing: costal margin straight;

outer margin obliquely rounded ; inner margin lobed beyond

base, the lobe fringed with spatulate scales; vein 2 from

well before end of cell; 3 from lower angle; 4 and 5 on

short stalk; 6 from upper angle; 7-10 stalked ; 11 from

cell. Hind wing: vein 2 from well before angle of cell ;

3 from lower angle; 4 and 5 from a point; 6 from upper

angle; 7 and 8 stalked.

Type of genus, Navura lobata, Schs.

TTeterocera from Costa Rica. 259

Navura lobata, sp. n.

3. Head, collar, and thorax ochreous buff. Abdomen

greyish brown. Fore wings buff-brown, the costal margin

ochreous buff ; a wavy whitish medial line from cell, with a

few black irrorations, extending on outer edge of lobe; a -

black point at end of cell ; a subterminal line, whitish on

costa and inner margin, otherwise fuscous : cilia tipped with

dark grey. Hind wings dark grey. Fore wings below

paler, the disc shaded with dark grey ; a black discal point

and subterminal line. Hind wings buff-white; a black

discal point and postmedial fuscous line.

Expanse 13 mm.

Hab. Tuis.

ACALLIDIA, gen. nov.

Male.—Palpi obliquely upturned, roughly, sealed, third

joint half as long as second ; frons smooth ; antennze annu-

late, finely ciliated; legs smoothiy scaled; abdomen not

extending beyond hind wings. Fore wing long and narrow ;

veins 3, 4, 5 stalked ; 6 from upper angle; 7 absent; 8, 9,

10 stalked; 11 from cell. Hind wing: vein 2 from lower

angle of cell; 3, 4, 5 stalked; 6 from upper angle; 8 and 9

on long stalk.

Type of genus, Acallidia dentilinea, Schs.

Acallidia dentilinea, sp. n.

3. Palpi purplish red. Head, collar, and thorax light

brown. Abdomen brownish buff. Fore wings purplish red,

irrorated with black at base below subcostal, between the two

lines, and on termen; a dentate whitish medial line; an

outer whitish line, slightly sinuous and outangled on inner

margin ; afuscous line on cilia. Hind wings whitish, faintly

tinged with roseate on termen ; cilia tipped with roseate.

Expanse 20 mm.

Hab. Poas.

Bonchis phyllis, sp. n.

2. Palpi dark grey, shaded at base and above with brown-

red. Head, collar, and thorax lilacine, the scales finely

tipped with white. Abdomen above brownish grey, ventrally

dark grey shaded with brown-red. ‘Thorax below and legs

brown-red, the mid and hind tibiw fringed with purple

irrorated with white, the tarsi whitish. Fore wings: basal

260 Mr. W. Schaus on

half and termen lilacine, the intermediate space dark purple-

brown; three fine antemedial purple lines; outer half

of costa brown-red, finely edged in front with yellowish

white and crossed by an outer white streak, faintly traceable

as a paler line on dark space; terminal small purple spots.

Hind wings white, the apex broadly, the termen narrowly

fuscous; terminal small purplish spots. Fore wings below

fuscous; costal margin purple, with postmedial and outer

white lines; the apex broadly dark red. Hind wings below

white; costal margin broadly lilacine, irrorated with purple

extending to vein 4; the termen on apical half dark red.

Eixpanse 22 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Bonchis albilinea, sp. n.

6. Palpi, head, collar, and thorax pale lilacine brown.

Abdomen greyish brown, with darker transverse shades.

Fore wings lilacine brown, palest at base, medially, and on

termen ; an antemedial straight white line, slightly outbent

from costa; a black shade on discocellular ; outer line thick

on costa, white, faintly incurved, below costa, fine, whitish

lilacine, slightly outcurved, preceded on costal margin by a

reddish-brown shade; small terminal black-brown spots.

Hind wings brownish grey. Wings below dull greyish, the

apices reddish brown. Fore wings: traces of lines, the outer

line well marked, white oncosta. Jind wings: a dark discal

point; a curved whitish postmedial line, inwardly dark

shaded.

Expanse 20 mm.

Hab, Tuis.

Streptopalpia misella, sp. n.

6. Head, collar, and thorax brown finely irrorated with

white. Abdomen darker brown. Fore wings roseate brown,

with scattered black irrorations and large terminal black

spots; medial and postmedial lines whitish, faintly outcurved,

parallel, curved and joined on cilia of inner margin ; two

small black spots at end of cell. Hind wings grey-brown.

Fore wings below dark greyish, the costal margin brown ; a

whitish postmedial line. Hind wings below whitish, the

costal margin broadly pale roseate irrorated with black; a

dark discal spot and postmedial line.

Expanse 10 mm.

Hab. Banana River.

Heterocera from Costa Tica. 261

Murgisca costinotata, sp. n.

@. Palpi dark purplish. Head and body dark brownish

grey. Fore wings dark brown, shaded with purplish grey

antemedially from below subcostal and on termen; an ante-

medial white streak above submedian; an inbent medial

fuscous shade, marked by an oblique white costal spot ; a

fuscous postmedial shade and minute white spots on costa ; a

narrow fuscous subterminal shade. Hind wings dark grey.

Wings below dark greyish brown, the costal margins shaded

with darker purple-brown. Fore wings: small medial and

postmedial whitish spots on costa. Hind wings: an outer

indistinct pale line, faintly darker edged, almost subterminal.

Expanse 24 mm.

Hab. Sixola.

Semnia elegans, sp. n.

@. Palpi black. Head, collar, thorax, and fore wings

deep purple-red. Abdomen black. Hind wings deep yellow ;

the termen broadly fuscous brown from costa to vein 5,

below it tinged with purple-red, and terminating at vein 2;

veins 2 and 3 shaded with orange-red before terminal space.

Fore wings below fuscous brown; the inner margin white on

basal half; a large golden-yellow shade postmedially from

inner margin to vein 5. Hind wings below golden yellow ;

a fine black edge to costa at base, expanding at apex, then

narrowing to a point at vein 2.

Expanse 30 mm.

flab. Tuis.

Subfam. Prravsrrvz.

Neurophyseta cyclicalis, sp. n.

?. Body white; brown segmental lines on abdomen.

Wings white, markings fuscous brown. Fore wings: a sub-

basal line marked by a black point on submedian; a curved

antemedial line ; an oblique medial line on costa shaded with

yellow-buff ; discocellular edged with black, crescent-shaped,

followed by yellow lines on veins 6 and 7, edged with dark

brown irrorations; a yellowish shade on costa above disco-

cellular; postmedial geminate, preceded and followed by dark

shades between veins 3 and 5; a subterminal line and finer

terminal line, the margin brownish between them. Hind

262 On Heterocera from Costa Rica.

wings: an antemedial and a geminate postmedial line; no

terminal line.

Expanse 12 mm.

Had. Juan Vinas.

Near N. camptogrammatis, Hmpsn.

LNacoleia angulinea, sp. n.

?. Body and wings white, markings dull greyish brown.

Fore wings: a subcostal streak to middle of wing; an ante-

medial streak, slightly outbent, from median to inner margin ;

a small point in cell, somewhat nearer base ; a streak on

diseocellular ; a postmedial line outwardly oblique from costa

to just below vein 3, angled, finer, and inbent along inter-

space, then downbent, broader to inner margin, somewhat

obliquely ; a terminal shade from vein 4 to apex. Hind

wings: a spot on discocellular ; an outer line nearly vertical

to below vein 3, angled and upbent, and again bent medially

to middle of inner margin ; a faint shade at apex.

Expanse 23 mm.

ITab. Carillo.

Pionea lagunalis, sp. n.

6. Palpi, head, and thorax dark brownish grey. Abdo-

men light brown, thickly irrorated with black ; segmental

white lines. Fore wings bone-white, thickly irrorated with

fuscous brown, the outer margin considerably darker, the

postmedial space palest and crossed by a fine dark line

starting from a black spot on costa; three black points

beyond it on costa; terminal black points; cilia divided by a

fuscous line. Hind wings whitish irrorated with grey-brown ;

a fuscous point on discocellular ; terminal black points from

vein 2 to apex; veins dark tinged. Hind wings below:

black points on discocellular at “each end; an interrupted

dark postmedial line; veins bone-white; terminal black

points as above.

Expanse 15 mm.

Hab. Laguna, Cartago.

On Helix rufescens of Pennant. 263

XXV.—WNote on Helix rufescens of Pennant.

By E. A. Smita, I.8.0.

THE object of the present note is to show that the shell

universally regarded as the Helix rufescens of Pennant is not

the form which was deseribed and figured by that author.

The description appeared in the fourth volume of his

‘ British Zoology’ (published in 1777) on page 134, and the

figure of the specimen described is given on pl. Ixxxv. fig. 127.

His species is included in his second group, “ Ventricose,”

and the description runs thus :—

“Snail with four spires, and minutely umbilicated ; the

exterior spire sub-carinated. Of a pale brownish red mottled

with white. Inhabits woods.

“Tab, LXXXV. fig. 127.”

It must also be observed that he referred to Lister’s work

of 1678, ‘Hist. Anim. Angliez,’ quoting Lister’s Latin

diagnosis and referring to his figure.

Lister’s shell* I believe, from his description, to be the

rufescens of authors, and Pennant was wrong in supposing

that it was the same species as that which he himself was

describing as Helix rufescens.

The actual shell described by Pennant is now in the

British Museum, and proves to be merely a young example

of the common Arianta arbustorum.

Pennant, having quoted Lister’s description and figure as

representing his own species, it seems probable that subse-

quent authors adopted that conclusion without ever seeing

Pennant’s type, and consequently this wrong identification

has been perpetnated.

Da Costa in 1778 was the first to adopt the Listerian shell

as the rufescens of Pennant. He was followed by Donovan

in 1802, Montagu in 1803, and by nearly all subsequent

authors up to the present time.

Although it may seem to some inadvisable to alter a well-

established name, it appears to me that in the present case

there is no help for it. I might here observe that, in addition

to the type of Helix rufescens, the Museum has recently

acquired fourteen other types from the Pennant collection,

besides sixty-one specimens which, although not types, are

of historic interest, being the actual shells figured in Pennant’s

classic work.

* Lister referred to cantiana, Montagu, as “vel varietas vel alia

species.”

264 On Helix rufescens of Pennant.

Since Pennant’s death his collection has remained. at

Downing Hall, Holywell, Flintshire, where he resided all

his life, from 1726 to 1798. The property subsequently

came into the possession of the Denbigh family, and it is the

present Earl of Denbigh to whom the Museum is indebted

for the specimens here referred to.

It now becomes necessary to determine what name must

be assigned to the Helix rufescens of authors.

It certainly is the Helix turturum of Gmelin* in part,

since he quotes the reference to Lister, but his other refer-

ences to Schlotterbeck and Martini have nothing to do with

the Listerian shell. In Gmelin’s diagnosis the word rotun-

data occurs, which is applicable to the figures of Schlotterbeck

and Martini, and even to that of Lister, which is drawn

sinistral, and might be described as rotwndata, for it resembles

very little the shell (rufescens, auct.) which he evidently had

before him.

Considering the confusion surrounding Gmelin’s Helix

turturum, I am inclined to disregard it entirely.

Helix circinata, H. montana, and H. celata, described very

briefly (but not figured) by Studer in 18207, are said to be

the same as rufescens, auct., but from the very short descrip-

tions they are certainly not identifiable. Subsequently, in

1828, Carl Pfeiffer united montana and circinata, and the

shell he described and figured} is evidently the same as the

British species. I would therefore suggest that the shell in

question should at present § bear the name of Hygromia mon-

tana (Studer), Pfeiffer. Helix striolata, C. Pfeiffer, is appa-

rently a synonym, and although the description of it appeared

on p. 28, and that of montana on p. 33 of the same work, I

prefer to suggest the adoption of the latter name, since it was

proposed by Studer eight years before the appearance of

Pfeiffer’s book.

The Helix corrugata, Hartmann, with the varieties

clandestina, corrugata, celata, and charpentiert, described and

figured in the ‘ Neue Alpina,’ 1821, vol. i. p. 236, are not

identifiable with certainty from Hartmann’s description and

the figure of the var. ee/ata, and therefore cannot be considered

as antedating the H/. montana properly established in 1828.

* Syst. Nat. p. 3639.

+ Syst. Verzeich. Schweizer-Conch. p. 12.

{ Naturgesch. Land- und Siisswasser Moll. Abtheil. iii. p, 33, pl. vi.

fig. 9 (fig. 10 by mistake in text, see p. 53).

§ Should H. glabella of Draparnaud eventually prove to be the same

species, as is stated to be the case by some authors, that name should be

retained instead of montana.

On Big Game from Cintral and Western Africa. 265

XXVI.—New Local Races of Big Game from Central and

Western Africa. By Ernst ScHWARZ.

In working out the collection of Ungulates made by the

“Second Central African Expedition of H.H. Adoif .

Friedrich, Duke of Mecklenberg,” a number of forms have

been found to need description. ‘The diagnoses in this paper

are of a preliminary character only, a general account of the

whole expedition is being prepared. Incidentally a new

buffalo from the Cross River, obtained by Herr Diehl, is also

here described. The types of the new forms are in the

Senckenberg Museum, Frankfurt-a.-M.

During the present investigations the material of African

game in the Berlin Museum has been studied, and it is my

pleasant duty to acknowledge Prof, Matschie’s kind advice

and the liberal way he has put at my disposal the magni-

ficent series of Ungulates in the collection under his charge.

Phacocherus ethiopicus fossor, sp. n.

Type localitg. Ketekma, east of Tschekna, Bagirmi.

Type. Old g. Senckenberg Museum, Fiankfurt-a.-M.

Journal no. 654. Original no, A175. Collected March

30th, 1911.

Stull. Heavier than in Ph, e@. @liant, Cretasch., from

Massaua. Occiput shorter and broader. Forehead broader.

Profile of skull less concave at the forehead, but more convex

in the nasal region. Jugal much broader and placed much

less vertically. Alveoli of canines more horizontally placed,

the tusks themselves therefore placed more horizontally, but

their tips having a more backward direction, Paroccipital

process distinctly slenderer.

Dimensions of type skull, Basal length 323 mm. ; palatal

length 236; zygomati¢ width 216; breadth of occipital

plane 96 ; length of upper tooth-row (alv.) 93.

Bubalis le’wel tschadensis, subsp, n.

Type locality. Ketekma, east of Tschekna, Bagirmi,

Type. g ad. Senckenberg Museum, Frank‘urt-a-M.

Journal nos. 963 (skull), 894 (skull). Original no. A 179.

jollected March 31st, 1911. ;

Most nearly allied to B, l. lelwel; mainly distinguished

Ann, & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xi. 18

266 Mr. E. Schwarz on Big Game from

by the shape of its horns. Hoof-bands-present, but extremely

narrow.

Dorsal colour ochraceous tawny, darker on posterior back.

Rump and sides lighter, ochraceous buff ; underparts, thighs,

and shoulders buff. Top of head distinctly tawny ; cheeks

and throat light ochraceous buff, chin sharply contrasted by

its brownish-black colour. A very narrow seal-brown band

round hoofs, continuous with a large spot above hoof, and a

stripe to the wrists and hocks of the same colour. ‘T'ail crest

and tip black, base light buffy. .

Skull. Distinguished by its general slender form and long

and narrow nasals, Horns large. Chiefly differing from

those of B. 1. le/wel in being much less depressed. Horn-

tips strongly curved, pointing inward or outward. Angle

formed by the ascending portion of horns and the tips very

large, whereas in B. @. lelwel it is about 90°. Anterior

aspect of horns decidedly V-shaped, more so than in B. l.

lelwel.

Dimensions of type skull, Basal length 397 mm. ; palatal

length 240; zygomatic width 125, postorbital width 135 ;

mastoid width 110; length of nasals 220; length of upper

cheek-teeth series (alv.) 102; distance from first premolar

(alv.) to gnathion 146.

By the erect horns and the curved horn-tips this harte-

beest is easily distinguished from its eastern representatives

B. 1. lelwel and B. 1. niediecki. From B. l. rooseveltt it

differs in having narrow hoof-bands and seal-brown (not

tawny) leg-stripes.

Egocerus equinus scharicus, subsp. n.

Type locality. Abilela, lower Shari River.

Type. & ad. Senckenberg Museum, Frankfurt-a.-M.

Journal no. 781. Original no. A 137. Collected February

25th, 1914.

Dorsal colour ochraceous buff, paler on sides of body;

neck and withers strongly suffused with white, thus pro-

ducing a slight greyish hue; hairs of neck-mane brownish

buff at base, then Mars-brown, with short blackish tips.

The pale brown spinal line is continued by a black one on

the tail; tail-tip black. Thighs and legs ochraceous for the

greater part of their length; only immediately above hoofs

they are clay-coloured. False hoofs of fore and hind legs

margined black. A seal-brown band on the anterior side of

the fore legs runs to the wrists only in some specimens, but

Central and Western Africa. 267

is continued further in some other skins. Underside of body

light buffy white. Kars very long, ochraceous posteriorly,

with dark brown pencils at tip. Dark face-markings variable,

sometimes only in front of the eyes, sometimes nearly

covering the whole face.

Skull and horns. Skull chiefly distinguished by its large

size and long and broad nasals. Horns very long and ©

expanded; tips either pointing extremely outward or strongly

inward. From the Hast-African 2. e. bakert this form

differs in these characters and the strong backward curvature

of the horns as well as the long horn-tips ; from the western

forms it is distinguished by its large size.

Dimensions of type skull, Upper length 455 mm. ; basal

length 425; palatal length 245; zygomatic width 170;

orbital width 187; mastoid width 135; nasals, greatest

length 191 ; length of upper tooth-row (alv.) 137.

In colour Egocerus equinus scharicus more nearly resembles

Ei. e. gambianus ; in the shape of the horns it is intermediate

between the eastern baker? and the western forms, while in

size it comes nearer to the eastern forms, As a matter of

fact, however, it is by far the largest of the “Sudan”

races,

Kobus unctuosus tschadensis, sp. n.

Type locality. Mafaling, Shari River.

Type. & ad. Senckenberg Museum, Frankfurt-a.-M. -

Journal no. 1084, Original no. A 259. Collected May 6th,

TILE

Chiefly distinguished from K. u. defassa by its narrower

skull and the pale anterior portion of back.

Anterior portion of back, withers, and upper parts of

shoulders fawn, markedly contrasted with the co!our of neck,

thighs, and flanks, which is distinctly ochraceous. Fore-

head tawny, middle portion of face brownish black, paler

posteriorly. Cheeks fawn. Back of ears. pale reddish fawn

with blackish tips. Buttocks buffy white. Limbs blackish

brown from some distance above wrists and hocks. Light

markings as follows: a narrow white band round muzzle, a

narrow white stripe on each side above eye; a buffy band

round the base of each hoof and false hoof.

Skull. Narrower and more slender than in K. wu. defassa,

profile of brain-case much more convex, especially behind ;

occipital plane much narrower. Nasals more convex

transversely.

268 On Biy Game from Central and Western Africa.

Horns. Apparently longer than in defassa. Very straight,

only bent forward at the tips, and much laid backwards as a

whole.

Dimensions of type skull. Basal length 380 mm. ; upper

length 386; palatal length 210; postorbital width 160 ;

zygomatic width 140 ; mastoid width 125 ; nasals, greatest

length 157, greatest breadth 38; breadth of rostrum across

premaxille 56 ; length of upper tooth-row (alv.) 110; horns,

greatest length (along curvature) 690.

This waterbuck is nearly allied to K. u. defassa, from

which it is easily distinguished by the shape of its brain-

case. Although some specimens are darker than the one

described, A. u. tschadensis is always much duller-coloured

than the Senegambian A. u. unctuosus, from which it also

differs in its much longer horns and larger size.

Bubalus caffer diehli, subsp. n.

Type locality. Manfe, Cross River, W. Cameroons.

Type. Old 3. Senckenberg Museum, No. 2601. Col-

lected and presented by Herr Diehl.

Decidedly intermediate in size and shape of skull and horns

between the Gold Coast buffalo and the dwarf races of the

Congo forest. .

Skull. Shorter and broader than in the Gold Coast form.

Nasals relatively longer and narrower. Orbits strongly

projecting, Horns: palm distinctly edged, slightly directed

backwards and slightly depending, rather thick, but without

boss at base; the tips are rather abruptly compressed,

sharply set off from the palm; they are short and directed

backwards.

Dimensions of type skull. Basallength 390 mm. ; palatal

length 228; postorbital width 215; mastoid width 208;

length of nasals 166 ; length of horns along outer curve 5380 ;

breadth of palm at base 130; distance of horns at base :

proximally 53, distally 125; greatest width of horns 540,

distance of tips 385.

From the Gold Coast buffalo B. c. diehli differs by its

smaller size and projecting orbits. On the other hand, it

is much larger than B. c. nanus, whose horns have longer

tips and are more strongly recurved.

Cnly the zkull of this interesting race has been examined.

- fol “4 Pam ee

5” ila ali LL

Bibliographical Notice. 269

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTICE.

The History of the Collections contained in the Natural History

Departments of the British Museum.—Vol. 11. Appendix. General

History of the Department of Zoology from 1856 to 1895. By

Dr. Acserr Ginruer, I.R.S,

Tue history of a museum is in the main a history of its collections,

just as the history of a nation is in the main a history of its ordered

generations: in the one case as in the other the creative designs of

Directors and Dictators are limited by the condition of the material

—whether crude and chaotic or fashioned and tempered—that they

find ready to their hands.

In this volume we have a plain history of the zoological collec-

tions of the British Museum, comprehending a term of forty years,

written by one who practically all that time moved among them,

gave them shape, and strove to make them fertile—a most memo-

rable work both in itself and in its authorship.

Like all the work of its author, it is a model of lucid method,

full also of expert suggestion, and religiously free from ostentation.

The growth and arrangement and vicissitudes of the collections,

their maturation and fructification in monographs and descriptive

catalogues, the conditions and circumstances of the famous donations,

the changes and developments in the curatoriate, the distribution

of the annual grants—all the arcana are revealed, period by period,

in orderly sequence; and we survey the hidden machinery of a

great educational institution with the same chastened feelings as a

passenger who has been shown round the engine-room of a big ship

by the chief engineer.

Quite outside its native and domestic value as an official epitome

of the inner workings of a scientific department, this authoritative

history of the premier natural history collection of the world will

naturally become canonical to the whole fraternity of museum

administrators, who in turning to it for guidance and policy will

also get comfort and will even learn resignation.

“« Quee caret ora cruore nostro?” What Curator’s heart has not

been filled with ‘hot unutterabilities” by the ligneous behaviour

of his Board? Let the oppressed spirit be consoled. For here he

will find it recorded of the wise Dr. Gray, whose first great admini-

strative measure was to arrange the collections in the two recipro-

cating series—for exhibition and for study—now so universally

adopted, that he had to carry out this reform in the face of con-

siderable opposition, and found his most telling argument in its

favour in the one that it saved room. So true is the paradox that

the British governmental mind, which loves a smooth theory as a

limpet loves a rock, can yet be moved more surely by taking

270 Bibliographical Notice.

advantage of its inertia than by appealing to reason. Again: what

balm may the Curator always lay to his smarting soul when he

learns that even in the Metropolis of the Empire a request to the

Treasury for an addition to the permanent museum-staff may be

met with the penny-wise suggestion that the way to keep down

expenditure on staff is to close the door on acquisitions. The

far-off Curator will also be consoled to know that even in the

Imperial Metropolis the estimates for accommodating zoological

collections are usually pronounced to be extravagant by high official

persons with quill and inkhorn.

The words of the wise are as goads, so that we may profitably

attend to some of those questions of museum policy upon which the

author has here set his seal. The strait path of the assistant is to

conserve his own proper collection, with a single eye to cataloguing

it when it is big and broad enough ; but he must have licence to

revel in the rare stuff brought in by intelligent travellers, for

nothing hereafter hardens the enthusiastic collector’s heart against

the Museum more than to find his treasures reposing on a back

shelf. Again: as to museum catalogues, the only kind that is any

use to the world at large—also bringing in a manifold return to

the museum—is the descriptive monograph, of which (we must and

shall add) the author’s ‘ Catalogue of Fishes’ is a noble example.

Or, regarding exchanges: dear as they may be to fancy, in practice

they by no means always bring rare and refreshing fruit in their

train; they make great inroads on time and they rarely give satis-

faction to both sides: better is it to give away authentic duplicates,

without money and without price, to all respectable institutions that

apply for them. Or again: the idea of a Museum as a collection

of labels illustrated by specimens is by no means divinely inspired.

Is the long-suffering public, overfed with print from its youth up,

never to escape long descriptive labels? The better way is to

show forth things, and to relegate the talk to simple guide-books.

These area few of the treasures of old experience that we extract

from this rich little book. There are other things that might be

noticed, such as the theory and practice of purchase of collections,

the science of encouraging attendants, the art of labelling, the

conduct of a departmental library, the segregation of specimens

preserved in spirit, and the supreme effort—an epic in itself—of

transferring the collections from Bloomsbury to Cromwell Road.

We may conclude this brief and inadequate notice with a reference

to the Preface, which states with official impartiality that the work

is by Dr. A. Giinther, F.R.S., formerly Keeper of the Department

of Zoology, and that the Index has been made by Mr. G. J. Arrow,

Assistant in the Department of Zoology. The former Keeper has

played such a part, and has gained such a place in our hearts, that

he may say with Horace “ Mitte supervacuos honores.” A. A.

Miscellaneous. pf |

MISCELLANEOUS.

Yote on G. Fischer de Waldheim’s ‘ Oryctographie du Gouvernement

de Moscou,’ ‘ Hist. Nat. Mosquensis, and ‘* Entom. Mosquensis.’

By Lovis B. Provr and C. Davis Suerzorn.

Fiscuer pE WatpuelM, like many of his countrymen, suffered the

loss of his manuscripts during the Napoleonic wars. As he says in

his Avertissement to the ‘ Oryctographie’: ‘* Je m’étois proposé de

réunir toutes les notices possibles, pour former une description

physique, historique, statistique et pittoresque du gouvernement

de Moscou. . . . J’avais réuni beaucoup de matériaux et un nombre

considérable de dessins, dont cinquante étaient déja gravés. ...

L’incendie de Moscou en 1812 m’enleya toutes mes collections,

ainsi que les matériaux et les gravures pour l’ouvrage déja com-

mencé.” He then proceeds to point out that his collaborators are

dead, he has no longer the energy, and must confine himself to

fossils. Therefore “‘ Tout ce qui, dans mon travail, est étranger aux

Fossiles, doit étre regardé comme addition ou comme hors-d’ceuvre,

et par conséquent ne saurait aspirer 4 étre considéré comme

complet.”

It may interest zoologists to be reminded that there are two

editions (issues) of the ‘Oryctographie, a fact pointed out by

Brunet (‘ Manuel du Libraire,’ ii. 1271), but apparently forgotten

since. It is the first edition (1830) to which Fischer refers in his

Avertissement, although his same words appear in the Avertisse-

ment appended to the second edition (1837). This first edition

seems to be somewhat scarce, and may be described as follows :—

3 T., T.P. Oryetographie | du | Gouvernement de Moscou, | publiée

| par | le Directeur de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de

Moscou | GotthelfFischer-de-Waldheim. | Map | Moscou, | del’Im-

primerie d’Auguste Semen, | Imprimeur de l’Académie Impériale

Médico-chirurgicale. | 1830. | —IX sign. a-f [g'] (folio) Plates

A-G (maps and sections) I—XLIV. (fossils) I—XVI. (Recent

animals and 1 plant)

These last sixteen plates have distinct interest, and we therefore

quote them from the copy in the Library of the Zoological Society

of London ;—

I. Pteromys volans.

Er. “de. do. (dissection).

III. Stri« torquata, Fisch.

IV. Emberiza aureola, Pall.

V. Plate of Land and F.W. Shells (Linn. & Drap.),

XITI.

>. BS

VA.

. Hypera Pimpinelle, Fisch.,

. Ypomeuta (sic) evonymella (life-history).

. Papillons hermaphrodites.

Miscellaneous.

. Lycosa rossica, Fisch.

. Spiders (not new).

and Pelecotoma latreilhi,

Fisch.

. Hallomenus fasciatus, Fisch.

Sphinx tremule (type figure of this species); Triphena

chardiyna, Fisch. (Boisduval, 1828).

[The text on

sign. f 2 does not agree with the plate legend. |

[The text does not agree

with the plate, and that for Plates XI. and XII.

seems to have been interchanged. |

Ctenophora pectinocoris, F. [Meigen].

Ceratopogon ; Loxocera.

Medetera carnivora, Fisch. ; M. morio.

Cypripedium guttatum, Sw.

There is no text to these sixteen plates beyond a somewhat full

description.

They are all lettered ‘* Hist. nat. Mosquensis.”

The forty-four plates of fossils are also without text beyond the

full description of the plates themselves.

purposes this first edition naturally has priority.

For nomenclatorial

The first edition

seems to have been unknown to H.G. Bronn and contains many

interesting names.

The second edition (perhaps ‘‘issue” best describes it) was

published in 1837.

The collation is as follows :—3 T., Portrait of

Tischer, T.P. Oryctographie | du | Gouvernement de Moscou, |

de l’imprimerie d’Auguste Semen, | Imprimeur de |’ Académie

Impériale

Médico-chirurgicale. | 1830=1837. | —XVII, 1-202,

Plates A-G (maps &c.), I.—LI. (fossils).

In this issue the nomenclature has been often altered, seven

new plates of fossils have been added, and the sixteen plates of

recent animals and plants have been omitted.

Fischer’s ‘ Entom. Mosquensis,’ according to Hagen (Bibl. Entom.

1862, p. 237), was in octavo form, and can hardly have had anything

to do with the ‘Oryctographie,’ which is a folio with quarto

copper plates.

Pi He

THE ANNALS

MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY,

[EIGHTH SERIES.]

No. 63. MARCH 1913.

XX VIT.—Descriptions and Records of Bees.—I.

By T. D. A. Cockrrety, University of Colorado.

Trichocolletes venustus (Smith).

Three males before me with the following data: Toohey’s

Hill, Brisbane, Sept. 4, 1911 (Hacker; Queensl. Mus. 10) ;

Stradbroke Island, Aug. 28, 1891 (J. H. Boreham ; Froggatt

coll. 202) ; Sydney, N.S.W. (Froggatt, 150).

The hitherto unknown female is represented by a speci-

men from Brisbane (Hacker ; Queensl. Mus. 11), collected

Sept. 12, 1911. It is less elongated than the male, with the

light abdominal bands less distinct. The hair at end of

abdomen is sooty, but light on middle of fifth segment.

Mandibles red, except apically ; face broad ; clypeus shining,

with strong scattered punctures ; hair of face white, but

golden on lower margin of clypeus and lower side of

mandibles ; the pale fulvous hair of vertex, mesothorax, and

cutellum tipped with fuscous; scape black, red at base ;

agellum obscure reddish beneath, but black basally and

bright ferruginous apically; stigma obsolete ; knees and

tarsi ferruginous, so also tibize to a considerable extent, but

middle and anterior tibiz suffused or clouded with black

behind, and the middle ones largely so in front and on outer

side ; hind tibiz red, with a plumose pale yellowish scopa,

which is fuscous only at extreme base ; hind spur pectinate

with numerous very close-set long teeth, the effect rather

like one side of a Cycas leaf.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xi. 19

974 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell— Descriptions and

In the obsolete stigma this resembles Anthoglossa, but

the marginal cell is longer and the second s.m. is narrowed

above. ‘The eyes are hairy as in the male.

Paracolletes marginatus, Smith.

Victoria, Feb. 1901 (C. F., Turner coll.) ; Cheltenham,

Victoria, 1909 (French ; Froggatt coll.).

These are males, and are almost exactly like 7. venustus,

except that the eyes are entirely hairless, the first r. n. joins

second s.m. well beyond the middle, and the abdominal

segments have considerable black or dark fuscous hair

above.

I take Smith’s male (which bears the type label) as the

type of marginatus. It seems very probable that P.mar-

ginatus arose as a mutation of 7. venustus, but, according to

the dates given, they fly at different times of the year, and

presumably visit different flowers.

Paracolletes tuberculatus, sp. n.

2 .—Length about 11 mm.

Moderately robust; head and thorax entirely black ;

abdomen dark bluish green, with the hind margins of the

segments, except the first, dark reddish; hair of head and

thorax dull white, sooty on vertex (the scutellum in the

specimen described is hairless). Legs black, with mostly pale

hair, but it is shining red on inner side of anterior tarsi and

reddish fuscous on inner side of the others; hind tibial

scopa stained with fuscous behind and on outer side.

Mandibles reddish apically ; clypeus shining, with rather

dense large punctures ; flagellum obscurely reddish beneath

except at base; front minutely and densely punctured,

except the sides, which are broadly dullish, smooth, almost

impunctate ; mesothorax and scutellum finely and quite

densely punctured; middle of mesothorax with a shining

sparsely punctured area; scutellum depressed in middle;

postscutellum with an obtuse median tubercle or very pro-

minent angle ; area of metathorax finely trausversely striated,

not carinate; punctures of mesopleura well separated;

tegule piceous and punctate in front, smooth and chestnut-

red behind. Wings strongly suffused with reddish brown ;

stigma and nervures dark reddish ; b. n. falling a little short

of t.-m.; first r. n. joing second s.m. before the middle ;

third s.m. narrowed more than half above ; hind spur with

about five slender spines. Abdomen thinly clothed with

pale hair, that at the apex dark fuscous.

Records of Bees. 975

3 .—Length about 10 mm.

With the usual sexual differences, but the postscutellum

as in the female ; sides of face densely covered with appressed

silky white hair ; cheeks beneath with very long white hair ;

femora beneath with long white hair, twice as long on the

anterior ones as on the others; vertex and thoracic dorsum

with sooty hair. Wings paler than in female, but very

distinctly brownish; antennz normal; fourth ventral seg-

ment with a very conspicuous and regular light golden hair-

fringe.

Hab. Cheltenham, Victoria (French). The 9 (=type) is

177 and the male 178 in the Froggatt collection.

Known by the tuberculate postscutellum, but otherwise

closely allied to the P. versicolor group. From P. tuder-

culatus, P. frontalis (Sm.) differs by the smaller size,

antennz testaceous beneath, pale tibial scopa (shining

golden above), and in the bright ferruginous mandibles of

the male. The face of male frontalis is densely covered

with hair; in male ¢wberculatus it is densely covered only at

the sides. P. versicolor differs by the smooth and shining

thorax, “with distant fine punctures,’ and the “silken

gloss” of the abdomen. P. providus differs by the sparingly

punctured thorax and the white tibial scopa. P. obscuri-

pennis (3g) differs by the darker wings and the sparsely

punctured mesothorax (this is, however, more sparsely

punctured in ¢ than ? ¢uberculatus); also in the venation

and the base of the metathorax.

Paracolletes tuberculatus insularis, subsp. n.

?.—A little smaller and less robust than the type;

underside of labrum with much copper-red hair ; mesothorax

more shining and less densely punctured; area of meta-

thorax with the transverse striz feeble, scarcely evident;

thorax above with some dark hair ; first abdominal segment

more sparsely, feebly punctured; hind tibial scopa with

black hair behind to apex; hair on inner side of hind basi-

tarsi fuscous. The postscutellar tubercle, though short, is

quite sharp.

Hab. Stradbroke Island, Queensland, Oct. 2, 1911

(Hacker ; Queens]. Mus. 15).

The hair on the under side of the abdomen is white, not

pale yellow as in P. versicolor.

Paracolletes truncatulus, sp. 0.

2? —Length about 9 mm.

Head and thorax black, abdomen clear red, with a pyri-

19%

276 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Descripiions and

form black spot on each side of second abdominal segment ;

hair of head and thorax dull white, partly fuscous on thoracic

dorsum; head broad ; clypeus shining, with sparse irregular,

partly elongate, punctures ; sides of face with conspicuous

white hair; antennee dark, flagellum very obscurely brownish

beneath except at base; mesothorax with a minutely tessel-

late surface but shining, with small scattered punctures ;

scutellum shining, with sparse but very distinct punctures ;

base of metathorax with a moderately salient transverse

ridge, above which the surface is shining ; tegule reddish

testaceous, dark in front. Wings dusky hyaline, the

nervures and quite large stigma dark ferruginous ; marginal

cell elongate, obliquely truncate at end and slightly appendi-

culate; b. n. meeting t.-m. a little on the outer side;

second s.m. narrowed above, receiving the firstr. n. near the

end; second r. n. meeting third t.-c. Legs reddish black,

the anterior tibiz bright red in front ; hind tibial scopa with

fuscous hair above toward base ; hair on inner side of hind

basitarsus pale yellowish. Abdomen without bands, the

hair at apex very pale brownish or brownish white.

Hab. Blackwood, Australia, Oct. 16,1891 (Froggatt, 168).

Related to P. rubellus (Sm.), but the nervures are not

testaceous and the apex of the abdomen is neither dark in

hair nor tegument. It has a close superficial resemblance

to Andrenu sphecodina.

Paracolletes platycephalus, Cockerell.

This was described from two females. I have before mea

male from Windsor, Victoria (French ; Froggatt coll. 180).

It differs from the female in the usual manner, but also in

having the hair of the face and thorax above pale ochreous,

becoming a warm reddish on scutellum, but without fuscous ;

supraclypeal area and mesothorax dull, opaque ; scutellum

somewhat shining ; first two abdominal segments, seen from

in front, with a beautiful purple lustre ; pale golden hair on

apical part of abdomen. Antenne long and dark, the

flagellum conspicuously moniliform.

Paracolletes maorium, sp. 0.

? .—Length 1] mm. or slightly more.

Rather robust; head, thorax, and legs black ; abdomen

very dark blue-green, the hind margins of the segments

rufous ; hind part of cheeks, and thorax below, with quite

abundant long white hair ; on occiput, middle of face, and

sides of thorax it is also white, with a slight creamy tinge,

—_ OO OO ee

Records of Bees. 277

but on front (going lower down at sides), vertex, mesothorax

(except in front), and scutellum it is dark fuscous ; mandibles

red at extreme tip; clypeus shining, sparsely punctured,

with a U-like depression enclosing a raised, smooth, ridge ;

middle of supraclypeal area shining, with a row of punctures ;

flagellum obscure brown beneath ; mesothorax and scutellum

brilliantly shining, with sparse feeble punctures ; area of

metathorax smooth, with a longitudinal median depression,

a transverse impressed line running close to the base, and a

slight one below that, broadly failing in middle; the large

scopa of hind tibia creamy white except at extreme base,

where it is fuscous ; bair on inner side of basitarsi shining

red; hind spur apparently simple, but the compound micro-

scope shows it to be minutely ciliate; tegule piceous.

Wings dusky, the large stigma and the nervures dark

reddish ; b. n. moderately arched, falling just short of t.-m. ;

second s.m. narrowed above, receiving first r. n. before the

middle; third s.m. elongated, narrowed more than half

above, receiving second r. n. about half as far from end as

first r.n.is from base of second sm. Abdomen shining,

without hair-bands, its apical hair dense and black.

Hab. New Zealand, 1909 (French, Froggatt coll. 99).

Related so P. confusus (Ckll.) and P. imifatus (Sm.), but

distinguished by its rather large size, with dark hair on head

and thorax above. Distiuctive characters are also found in

the metathorax and hind spur. It isalso related to P. metal-

licus (Sm.), differing in the colour of the hair and in the

venation.

Paracolletes incanescens, sp. n.

? .—Length about 11 mm.

Robust, shining pure black ; head and thorax very hairy,

the hair mostly dull white, but dark fuscous on vertex, upper

edge of front, mesothorax except in front and more narrowly

behind, scutellum and upper part of mesopleura ; mandibles

dark red at apex ; tongue very broad, the emargination slight;

head broad; flagellum red at apex ; clypeus shining, sparsely

punctured, with a round flattened, even slightly concave

disc, across which runs a median obtuse ridge, more or Jess

continued on to the shining supraclypeal area; mesothorax

and scutellum with evident but shallow punctures, not dense ;

area of metathorax brilliantly shining, with a very obtuse

transverse ridge; tegule piceous. Wings faintly dusky ;

stigma and nervures fusco-ferruginous, the stigma redder

than the nervures; b. n. meeting t.-m.; first r. n. joining

second s.m. a little before middle ; second r. n. joining third

978 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Deseriptions and

s.m. very near the end ; third s.m. broad above, not greatly

elongated ; hair of femora dull white, of tibia and tarsi

fuscous, red on inner side of anterior tibiz; tibial scopa

dark fuscous ; hind spur with few long slender teeth (long-

pectinate). Abdomen shining, without hair-bands, the

dense hair at apex black; dorsal surface of abdomen with

small but very distinct punctures, especially dense on basal

two-thirds of second segment.

g .—Length 9 mm.

Much smaller and less robust than the female, but struc-

turally similar; face with thin white hair, not at all con-

cealing surface of clypeus; flagellum entirely black ; vertex

black-haired, but the dark hair of thorax above much less

conspicuous than in the female; apical half of hind tibie

dark chestnut-red ; hind tarsi pale ferruginous. Flagellum

moniliform.

Hab. Female (= type) from Stradbroke Island, Queensland,

Oct. 2, 1911 (Hacker ; Queensl. Mus. 13). Male from Bris-

bane, April 1, 1912 (Hacker; Queensl. Mus. 58).

Related to P. punctatus (Sm.) and P. obscurus (Sm.).

From P. punctatus (2) it is known by the larger size and

largely black or dark fuscous hair of head and thorax.

From P. obscurus it differs by the smooth sparsely punctured

clypeus and the colour of the tibial scopa. The male is very

like that of P. thornleighensis, Ckll., differing by the larger

size, the thin white hair of face, the black flagellum, the

ferruginous tibial spurs, and the white hair of abdominal

dorsum extending only to middle of second segment, beyond

which it is short, sparse, and black.

Paracolletes thornleighensis, Cockerell.

Two males (Froggatt, 159) from Thornleigh, N.S.W.,

1890-91, show that this species has a distinctly bluish

abdomen. ‘The colour is so faint in one of them that I

placed it, as I did the type, among the species without

metallic tints. The legs are dark reddish to black. Among

Smith’s species P. thornleighensis is nearest to P. providus,

from which it is known (¢) by the dark hair of thorax

above. ‘The brilliantly shining area of metathorax separates

it at once from P. providellus, Ckll.

The specimen which carries the number 159 also carries a

number 30; the original types were marked by the same

collector 32, so I infer that he regarded the specimens with

evidently bluish abdomens as distinct. Itis perhaps possible

that there are two species, but with the evidence before me

I cannot well separate them.

wo eee

—-—

rerre Records of Bees, 279

Paracolletes euphenaz, sp. n.

é.—Length 8 mm.

Black, looking just like P. incanescens 3, but abundantly

distinct by the following characters :—Face and front densely

covered with long cream-coloured hair; flagellum hardly

moniliform ; mandibles broadly red at apex; hair of head»

above entirely creamy white, though that of mesothorax and

scutellum is dilute brownish ; hair of metathorax very long

and abundant ; abdomen dullish, without evident punctures,

and with more and longer hair. Wings considerably shorter ;

marginal cell longer, more produced apically; b.n. falling

short of t.-m.; third s.m. longer, more narrowed above.

Anterior tibiz and tarsi bright ferruginous, with a large

black stain behind ; the other tibiz and tarsi black, the last

tarsal joint red ; middle knees red. On the venter of the

abdomen the fourth and fifth segments are broadly fringed

with orange-ferruginous hair.

Hab. Brisbane, Queensland, Sept. 4, 1911 (Hacker ;

Queensl. Mus. 12).

I thought at first that this might possibly be the male of

P. advena (Sm.), but I believe it is distinct. The abdominal

hair-bands of P. advena are wholly wanting.

Paracolletes fervidus subdolus, subsp. n.

2? .—Length a little over 12 mm.

Differing from Smith’s description of P. fervidus by the

strong intermixture of fuscous hair on vertex, mesothorax,

and scutellum ; the anterior tibiz bright clear red in front ;

hair on outer side of anterior tibiz dull white, of the middle

tibie dark fuscous, and the hind tibial scopa with a very

broad fuscous-black band behind; hair on inner side of

posterior tibiz light ochraceous, of their basitarsi red-golden

in front and whitish posteriorly. Wings evidently dusky.

Apex of abdomen thickly clothed with greyish-chocolate

coloured hair, with ochreous hair on each side of fifth

segment, contrasting.

This ought perhaps to stand as a distinct species, P. sub-

dolus, but it must at least be very close to P. fervidus. The

flagellum is red beneath (except at base), as Smith described

for fervidus ; my notes on Smith’s type state that the an-

tennz are dark, but I now think this was a mistake, due to

not looking sufficiently beneath. The broad, shining, well-

punctured abdomen of subdolus would at first sight be called

black, but it is in fact very faintly zneous, with the broad

hind margins of the segments dark reddish, exactly as

280 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Deseriptions and

described for fervidus. The first r.n. in fervidus enters the

second s.m. about the middle ; in swbdolus a little before the

middle. Other characters of subdolus are: b.n. meeting

t.-m.; third s.m. very broad above, receiving second r.n.

some distance before the end; clypeus with strong, largely

confluent punctures of various sizes ; face with pale fulvous

hair; mesothorax with large strong punctures, sparse in

middle ; area of metathorax shining, with astrong and sharp

transverse keel, the channel above which is crossed by raised

lines or ridges as in species of Colletes; the margin of the

area is finely striate ; tegulz rufo-piceous ; hind spur long

pectinate, the teeth numerous but well apart ; tubercles with

bright orange-fulvous hair.

Hab. Cheltenham, Victoria (French ; Froggatt coll. 175).

Paracolletes gallipes, sp. n.

9? .—Length about 1] mm.

Rather slender, black and clear ferruginous red ; head

seen from in front broad, squarish, black, with the clypeus,

supraclypeal area, mandibles (except at apex), and labrum

dark red, the lower margin of the clypeus broadly chestnut-

red; clypeus and supraclypeal area shining, with ‘coarse

irregular punctures, the middle of the clypeus with a smooth

raised line; mandibles broad, with a short inner tooth ;

cheeks small ; antenne light ferrugimous, the scape darker

and suffused with black; face, except clypeus, densely

covered with very pale ochreous-tinted hair; cheeks and

occiput with similar hair ; thorax also densely covered with

pale hair, strong clear ochreous above; thorax black, with

the prothorax, scutella, metapleure, and metathorax ferru-

ginous ; mesothorax shining, with strong punctures, widely

scattered in middle; area of metathorax short, concave,

smooth and shining; posterior face of metathorax vertical ;

tegule small, light testaceous. Wings hyaline, unusually

pointed, almost subfalcate, apically ; nervures and the small

stigma ferruginous ; marginal cell subtruncate at apex ; b.n.

very straight, almost reaching t.-m. ; second s.m. quite large,

nearly square, receiving first r.n. very near its base; third

s.m. large, broad above. Legs clear ferruginous, with pale

hair, that on hind legs abundant, reminding one of the con-

dition in certain fowls. Abdomen rather long and narrow,

clear ferruginous, shining, with feeble minute punctures, the

apical margins of the segments broadly depressed and pale

testaceous; the abdomen has the usual long hair on first

segment, short pale hair thinly covering the basal halves of

—*

“ —e & °S 2 eae re re eras

Records of Bees. 281

segments 2 to 4, rather long hair on the depressed apical

parts ; on fifth segment and apex a thick fringe of very pale

brownish hair, but at sides of apex the hair is almost white ;

pygidial plate large, triangular, obtuse at end. Mouth-parts .

Colletiform as usual; last two joints of both labial and

maxillary palpi very slénder, the penultimate joint of labial

palpi produced at end beyond the insertion of last joint. .

Hab. Poonarunna, 8. Australia (Nat. Mus. Victoria, 109).

A very singular species, not closely allied to any of those

previously described. It will be readily known by its

pointed wings and unusual venation. When the male is

known it may be necessary to propose a new generic name.

Paracolletes melbournensis, Ckll.—Victoria, Sept. 1901 (C.F. ;

Turner coll.), Variety (2) with red tarsi: Sydney,

N.S.W., Nov. 29, 1910 (Froggatt, 125).

P. turneri, Ckll.— Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, Nov. 27, 1911

(Hacker ; Queensl. Mus. 8).

P. advena (Sm.).—Sunnybank, Brisbane, Sept. 12, 1911

(Hacker ; Queensl. Mus. 14).

P. carinatus (Sm.).—Bathurst, N.S.W., Feb. 16, 1912

(Froggatt, 147); Nagambie, Victoria, 1909, male

(French ; Froggatt coll. 80).

Euryglossa hematura, Ckll.—Brisbane, Queensland, Dee. 11,

1911, ¢ (Hacker). In better condition than the type;

the abdomen shows broad reddish bands, interrupted in

middle, on hind margins of second and third segments,

and a very broad entire rust-red band on hind margin of

fourth.

E. subsericea, Ckll.—Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, Nov. 27, 1911

(Hacker).

E. regine, Ckll.—Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, Noy. 27, 1911

(Hacker).

E, neglectula, Ckll., var. a—A little smaller than the type,

with red anterior tibiz, middle tibiz red in front, hind

tibize red at base and largely soin front. Kelvin Grove,

Brisbane, Jan. 15, 1912 (Hacker).

Callomelitta picta, Sm.— Magnet, Tasmania (Lea),

282 Descriptions and Records of Bees.

Prosopis elegans, Sm.—Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, Nov. 27,

1911 (Hacker).

P. chrysognatha, Ckll.—Stradbroke Island, Oct. 2, 1911

(Hacker). .

P. aureomaculata, Ckll—Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, Jan. 15,

1912 (Hacker).

P. aureomaculata subnubilosa (Ckll.).—Stradbroke Island,

Oct. 2, 1911 (Hacker).

Allodape simillima, Sm.—Brisbane, Sept. 4, 1911 (Hacker).

Bombus trifasciatus, Smith.

In the course of some work on Asiatic Bombz I came to

seriously doubt the identity of Bingham’s Indian ‘¢ri-

fasciatus ” with the genuine species of that name described

by Smith from China. Mr. Meade-Waldo has kindly

examined the specimens in the British Museum, with the

result of abundantly confirming my doubts. His report is

as follows :—‘‘ We have two specimens labelled ‘ Bombus

trifasciatus, Sm.,’ by Bingham among his Sikkim material.

The exact locality was ‘ Lintu, Sikkim, 12,500 ft.’ We

have also got a specimen in very poor condition, but agreeing

with them in every respect, from some other source, but

with locality ‘Sikkim,’ from coll. Schlagintweit. I have

compared these specimens with true Chinese ¢rifasciatus

(Smith’s type)—all Smith’s series is ‘Shanghai’ 1 find

that the fourth antennal joint of Smith’s type is very short,

broader than long, whereas the corresponding joint in the

Sikkim insects is certainly longer than broad. ‘They have a

very different appearance as well. The Chinese insect has a.

much more tidy appearance, the pubescence is shorter and

more velvety; in Sikkim specimens it is long and irregular.

The colour, too, is different; the black band on Sikkim

specimens is much reduced. I do not notice much or any

difference in the malar space of the two forms.” (Litt., Dec. 6,

1912.

I eae: a Chinese co-type of B. trifasciatus from

F. Smith’s collection; it has the characters indicated by

Mr. Meade-Waldo. I also possess a specimen, labelled

“ Sikkim (Bingham),” from the Berlin Museum, and it is

evidently Bingham’s so-called ¢rifasciatus. So far as I can

at present determine, it has the characters of B. pyropygus,

———————— eee UL

—— ss sh lU

The Geographical Races of Vipera ammodytes. 283

Friese, found in arctic Siberia. B. bizonatus, Sm., is a super-

ficially similar insect, but is easily separated by the entirely

black hair of the face and vertex. The malar space also is

considerably shorter in dizonatus than in the Sikkim so-called

trifasciatus. I have no authentic pyropygus, but I have

B. kirbyellus, Curtis, of which Friese considers pyropygus a

subspecies, and on close comparison it seems to agree struc-

turally with the Sikkim bee. It seems therefore that we

may safely add B. pyropygus to the fauna of the Himalayas—

a very interesting extension of range. We have indeed a

somewhat parallel case in America, for a male of the arctic

B. kirbyellus (det. Franklin) was taken by my wife in the

arctic-alpine zone on the Truchas Peaks, New Mexico.

Celioxys grindelie, Cockerell.

Santa Fé, New Mexico, Aug. 2, 1912, 2 g§ (Cockerell).

I have described the fourth ventral segment as entire, but

the smooth median space is bounded on each side by a tooth,

and if the segment is looked at from in frout these teeth

appear prominent, the interval between them becoming a

shallow emargination. In C. ribis kincaidi the middle of the

apical margin of the fourth segment is truncate, without any

teeth.

Celioxys ribis, Cockerell.

Nova Scotia, 2 (F.Smith’s collection; British Museum).

This agrees with a specimen from Beulah, New Mexico,

except that the apical part of the fourth ventral segment is

quite closely beset with minute punctures, whereas in New

Mexico ridis these punctures are much less evident and more

nearly confined to the margin of the segment. With only a

single specimen it cannot be determined whether there is a

Nova Scotian race, distinguished by the character indicated.

XXVUI.— On the Geographical Races of Vipera ammodytes.

By G. A. BouLEeNGER, F.R.S.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

[Plate V.]

ON two previous occasions * I have briefly dealt with the

varieties of Vipera ammodytes, and expressed my regret at

* Proc. Zool. Soc, 1903, i. p. 185, and Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xiv,

1904, p. 134, These papers have been entirely overlooked by Dr. EB,

Schreiber in his second edition of the ‘ Terpetologia Europea ’ (1912).

284 Mr. G. A. Boulenger on the

being unable, through want of material, to deal with speci-

mens inhabiting Bulgaria and Transcaucasia. Having since

obtained a specimen from Panagurishta, Bulgaria, through

Prof. Kovatcheff, I am able to add Bulgaria to the habitat of

the form described by me from Roumania under the name of

var. montandoni. Col. Kaznakoff, Director of the Tiflis

Museum, having been so kind as to send me, on loan, three

specimens from Borzom, in the district of Gori, Prov. Tiflis,

collected by Dr. G. Radde, I have reached the conclusion

that, as I expected from Strauch’s description *, the Trans-

caucasian form deserves to be distinguished as a further

variety, for which I propose the name transcaucasiana.

This variety agrees with var. montandoni in the scutellation

of the snout and in the number of ventral shields, but is

distinguished by the dorsal markings, which agree with those

of the typical Vipera aspis.

Snout narrower than in the typical form, with perfectly

vertical loreal region, the canthus rostralis slightly raised.

Naso-rostral shield not reaching the canthus rostralis nor the

summit of the rostral shield, which is deeper than broad

(this shield is transversely divided in the largest of the three

specimens, but I regard it as an individual anomaly) ; rostral

‘horn ”’ with two or three transverse series of scales between

the rostral shield and the apex. Ventral shields 150 to 162.

The dorsal zigzag band characteristic of the typical form and

other varieties is absent ; it is replaced by a series of narrow,

transverse, black or dark brown bars which, on some parts

of the body, break up into pairs, forming two alternating

series ; a A-shaped dark marking on the occiput; the dark

colour on the lower lip broken up by light bars as in the

typical form; end of tail pale yellow or yellowish green

inferiorly.

I append a tabulation of the particulars of the specimens

of Vipera ammodytes which I have been able to examine.

1. Total length (in millimetres). 2. Length of tail.

3. Number of scales across body. 4. Number of ventral

shields. 5. Number of subcaudal shields (pairs). 6. Number

of whorls of scales on rostral “horn.” 7. Width of rostral

shield. 8. Depth of rostral shield. 9. Number of scales

across vertex between supraoculars (I. indicates a frontal

shield). 10,11. Number of upper labial shields (right and

left). 12,13. Upper labial shields (4th, 5th, or 6th) below

the eye (right and left). 14, 15. Number of scales round the

eye, supraocular excluded (right and left).

* “Schlangen des Russischen Reichs,’ p. 215 (1873).

te alr ae Re

16,

21,

26.

Geographical Races of Vipera ammodytes. 285

Forma typica,

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60 9% 166 297 834 3 6 9 9 45 45 18

55 21 168 28 44 8 §& 10 10 56 56 12

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70 293 15 8235 4 #%5 9 9 45 45 12

90 21 155 387 45 4 °6 -10 10 45 45 18

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WO 91453 “86 S403 97. FF! ol! ga AB. 11

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bb 21 159 94 3325s) 219 8)'8 4504 -10

poe 815s 80 &?s fat. 6 tale ie laaigns ai

43 21 154 299 8 22 O22 55 9 8 34 34.10

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55 21 154 35 8 8 22 2.1.2 10 10 45 45°12

35 23 147 28 2 22 2 7 10 10 45 45°12

60 98 157 8444 4 #7 10 10 45 45 19

28 23 151 88 8 2% 12 212 9 9 46 45

286 The Geographical Races of Vipera ammodytes.

1 28 4&4 & 678. BSS eee IE

40 ¢.. 740 95 28 165 Seba Mel S 10 10 25° Aas

43 .,... G10 90 21 149 “86 8 32°38" 6 9) O45 eo eee

44. 9 .. 600° 65°98 364 80 8°48 6 10 0 a ee

45. g .. 470. 50 21 “159 39 8°83 ©9225 "DA 5 as oe

1-3. Lastnitsch, Styria. 4,5. Zabukoji, Styria. 6. Redschach, Styria. 7-11. Mah-

renberg, Styria, 12. Fautsch, Styria. 18. Pischiitz, Styria. 14, Bozen, S. Tyrol.

15-22. Carinthia. 23, 24. Friesach, Carinthia. 25, 26. Landskron, Carinthia.

27-30. Villach, Carinthia. 31, 32. Feldkirchen, Carinthia. 53. St. Peter, Carniola.

34. Herkulesbad, Hungary. 35-37. Deva, Transylvania. 38. Dalmatia. 39. Zara,

Dalmatia. 40. Vrlika, Dalmatia. 41. Sincar, Dinaric Alps, Bosnia. 42-44. Travnik,

Bosnia. 45. Montenegro.

Var. montandont.

1, me oB. Gite Be Gis%. eB, Oe eal. WL Glo pa ae

Le ic. A586 70 421 o158y- 88. 8 A iB ob 65/9 a0 od oe

2. jc. 585 6521150 86 3.33.42 5 , 9,9 45 45°11 10

Be yy) fe (4705-55 921 ABQ. 87% BBS 4k, 7 910 p09 966 _Ab Ie Ae

4.2 5, 480 50 21 (155, 81.2 Bh 46 95. «9 10 45 45 10 de

Bs ys 14205 40 21 158 30 8.8 A) ob .910 ) 9 45,45 eee

G n0:- 195. 25 o2l 149. 88.4 2 Bh: 07% 9 9 45 4b One

Ze pic. (520 GO 21 158 82 8,81 4) 6 ~ 0» 9-45 45

Sigs. pI)? 21 155 2 Bia 4s ob aD oo A

9 ,\;. 380-45 21,156 8 838.4, % 9 9 46 45 1

10. Sof, 600,55 @l 54-80 8 4 5 --B » O 9 45 oe ee

1L( ,, [4-490 450 921 (165 30 B.S Ay 7 (2 Oo 46,4501

125 ,,11, 2480450 21 0165 31 2 iit» b pO AO eb esoeeiee

13, fd S10 30 21 G56 B18 8 Sip 6 99> ao Gaeteeloeee

14) poi» e270 930 21 (154 80 8,22-.88) 5 .99 (9 4b a eee

15. jf. 9805 28 21 9160 80. 3.2 18 @ (8 9) o@ bee EE

1-6. Greci, Roumania. 7. Cocosu Monastery, Roumania, 8-14, Macin,

Roumania, 15. Panagurishta, Bulgaria.

Var. transcaucasiana.

a eae: Re RR ORY (Paar 9. 10. Ji. V2. Tae:

Gps, 4005 £0, 21 (160 56 37 A gD 6 10 10 45 45 12 12

23 21 155, 36.3 2° 3 8 11. -j1 b'6 6 See

Ot 4862 Py 2 es pao % 10 10 45 45 12 12

kon

(dt)

[St]

1-8. Borzom, Proy. Tiflis,

ee ES EE —

10.

11.

12.

18.

et a Se Se, ey Oe: ee: (Rm:

Q.. 290 88 21 135 27 56 22 2% 7 10 9 45 45 11

A 205 25 21 137 30 4 23 2 8 9 9 45 45 12

g.. 855 45 21 1422 3438 8 6 9 QD 45, 45.12

so ils 840/40", 21, 146» 94, 4 Bu Sghy 24,10 WO Sha eeet

Q@.. 275 85.21 142 27 4 32 8k 7 9 9 45 45 12

“f 330 30 298 189 26 421 2 7 10 9 45 45 11

» + 280 3 21 187 32 4 2 2 5 9 9 45 45 12

210 22 21 188 27 3 2 2 8 10 10 46 45 18

2 930 28 21 187 32 5 22 2 5 9 9 45 45 12

7 275 85 21 145 34 8 22 2 8 9 9 45 45 10

315 25 21 138 24 4 32 8 7 9 9 45 45 12

GO OR OE) ISR 8b hea Be 5 9 9 45 45 11

Ds gy 810) 290) 2h 197. 96S Sh Bhi y 3 9 9 45 45 11

Mr. G. Blaine on the Reedbucks. 287

Var. meridionalis.

15.

1. Tarsos, N. Morea. 2. Xenochori, N. Euboia, 3-5. Athens. 6. Delos. 7. Te-

nos.

8. Mykonos. 9. Syra. 10. Adampol, Asia Minor. 11. Lebanon.

12, 13. Syria.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE Y.

Vipera ammodytes, vay. transcaucasiana. Head and anterior part of body

of male, natural size, and enlarged side view of head of same.

XXIX.—Some Notes on the Reedbucks, with a Description of

Two new Subspecies. By GiLBertT BLAINE.

THE reedbucks are one of the most widely distributed groups

of all the African antelopes. Their range extends over the

whole of Africa below a line drawn at about 15° lat. N.

They inhabit grassy uplands where the bush is thin and

scattered in the neighbourhood of streams, or wide plains

bordering big rivers or lakes, generally consorting together

in pairs or in small family parties. I have seen them in the

open glades and grassy meadows that intersect dense forest-

tracts on a high mountain-range, and also in a flat low-lying

plain at the foot of the same mountain-range, where they

frequented the borders of a large swamp during the day,

forming dry beds in the reeds above the surface of the water,

and emerging in the early mornings and evenings to feed on

the coarse grass that grew on the adjacent open flats.

288 Mr. G. Blaine on the Reedbucks.

In this particular locality they were very numerous, over

two hundred being observed grazing together.

The reedbucks of the mountain and those of the plain were

quite distinct from one another.

These antelopes are not invariably found near water. I

have met them in the dry season scattered all over the great

alluvial plain that extends from the edge of the swamps at

Meshra-er-Rek westwards for some 70 miles into the

Bahr-el-Ghazal country.

Precipitous dry and stony hillsides over which kudu range

are also the home of mountain reedbuck. With the exception

of forests and deserts it is evident that there are very few

localities in which one or another form of these antelopes

cannot exist, and consequently many local races of the genus

are still to be discovered and described. I have always

noticed slight degrees of difference in reedbuck from various

localities, and the uniformity of type in each particular case.

With regard to the general geographical distribution of

this genus. S. Africa from the Cape as far as the extreme

northern limit of the Zambesi watershed on the Tanganyika

Plateau covers the range of Cervicapra arundinum in the east,

while in the westit is said to extend to Angola. Central Africa

from Abyssinia southwards as far as the northern edge of the

Tanganyika Plateau covers the range of C. bohor. C. re-

dunca, of which the type specimen was procured in the island

of Goree, off the coast of Senegal, by Adanson, and subse-

quently described by Buffon in 1764, I have reasons for

considering distinct from either of the above, based chiefly

upon the size of its teeth, which are smaller than those of any

other known species. I shall therefore place all the other

reedbucks of the Central-African group under the specific

name of bohor.

There is a reedbuck resembling C. arundinum found in

open country 25 miles N.E. of Wau, in the Bahr-el-Ghazal

Province of the Sudan, of which I have a mounted head in

my own collection, and have seen another similar to it, pre-

sented by Captain P. E. Vaughan, in the B. M. collection.

This reedbuck is not common, and I was unable to procure

a specimen of it on the first occasion that I visited this locality

in 1907. But I at once noticed the difference between it and

the numerous small red reedbuck of the bohor type that are

found not only on the alluvial plains to the east between

Wau and Meshra-er-Rek, but also along the river-valleys to

the west, viz. those of the Pongo and Chell.

On my second visit, in 1910, I shot an adult male of this

species, and found that it resembled arundinum in its general

Mr. G. Blaine on the Reedbucks. 289

grey-brown body-coloration and in the horns being similarly

flexed and having soft, swollen, spongy bases, which are not

present in fully adult C. bohor ; but it was smaller and the

horns were relatively shorter than in the former species. At

Lake Rikwa, which lies to the east of the southern end of

Lake Tanganyika in German East Africa, I have shot reed-

buck of the bohor type, a specimen of which is in my

collection.

From these observations it is evident that the ranges of

C. arundinum and of C. bohor overlap.

In the following key the figures given are to be taken as

average measurements in millimetres of adult male specimens,

Key to the Reedbucks.

Skulls.

A, Size generally greater, narrower compara-

tively across the orbits, with the rostrum

longer; orbits smaller; horns longer

and more hooked forwards at ends.

a. Size greater, length 290; rostrum

longest, length 164; teeth largest,

upper dental series 70; horns longest .

and less abruptly hooked at ends .... (C. arundinum (including

b, Size smaller; rostrum shorter; teeth | C. thomasine).

smaller; horns shorter and stouter in

proportion and abruptly hooked at

ends,

a’, Size smallest, length 225; teeth

smallest, upper dental series 54;

horns shortest, ends hooked strongly

forwards and inwards............ C. redunca.

b’?, Size larger; teeth larger; horns

longer.

a®, Less massive and shallower verti-

cally, length 255; upper dental

series 63; horns thinner, longer,

and more divergent from their

bases outwards... 5.....0.0000. C. bohor cottoni.

b*. More massive and deeper vertically ;

horns shorter and stouter.

a‘. Shorter, length 240; upper den-

tal series 58; horns shorter ,, C. bohor ugande.

b*. Longer; horns longer.

a’, Length 265; upper dental

series 62; general axis of

horns rising above level of

frontal Planes), oc sn. cncs ss C. bohor and C. bohor

b°. Length 256; upper dental [wardi.

series 63; horns slightly :

lyrate, with their general

axis depressed below level of

frontal plane ........+.... C. bohor nigertensis,

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xi. 20

290 Mr. G. Blaine on the Reedbucks.

B. Size lesser; wider comparatively across

the orbits, with the rostrum shorter ;

orbits very large; horns shorter and

straighter, less hooked at ends.

a. Size larger, length 230; upper dental

series Di} tk e=)- Me: dekw keke Mt ee Aini C. fulvorufula (including

b. Size smaller, length 225; upper dental | var. subalbina).

ROPIGRIO. AE gc cM as adie is cite shea ope C. fulvorufula chanleri.

Skins.

A. Colour greyer, more grizzled and less

fulvous; tail very bushy; head and

neck fulvous, contrasting with body-

colour.

a. Colour richer and darker, tinged with

TULOUS |. os ce ois n+ spies ne wie oe C. fulvorufula and

b. Colour lighter, with more or less fulvous [subspecies.

tO. LE kee: ots or eee ne a C. arundinum (including

[ C. thomasine : colour pure grey).

B. Colour yellower, less grizzled, and more

fulyous; head and neck not contrasting

with body-colour.

a. Colour yellowish fawn.

a?, Colour darker; hair longer........ C. redunca.

b?. Colour paler; hair shorter ........ C. bohor nigeriensis.

b, Colour grizzled fawn.

i, Colour YOUOWEr oko dre se ap kine vie C. bohor, C. bohor wardi,

[ C. bohor cottoni,

p, Colour browner 22s: (2 vob ko bis C. bohor ugande.

Cervicapra bohor nigeriensis, subsp. n.

Similar in size to C. bohor wardi and larger than C. re-

dunca, but with the body-colour of a uniform shade of fawn

as in redunca.

Colour of hair on head, neck, and upper parts of body light

fulvous fawn, slightly darker down the centre of the back and

paler on the flanks, where it merges gradually into the white

of the belly. Underparts white. A pale dusky stripe down

the front of the fore legs. Hair short and close, not waved.

Dimensions of skull :—Greatest length 256 mm. ; occiput

to nasals 129; nasals 100; orbit to gnathion 139; pre-

maxillaries 63 ; supraorbital width 110; mean width between

orbits 72; vertical diameter of orbits 38; vertical height

from alveolar edge of first molar to top of orbit 80; zygo-

matic width 95; length on palatal suture 139; length of

upper dental series 63 ; central molar 13°5 x 12.

Horns : main axis depressed below the level of the frontal

plane; stout at their bases, slightly curved downwards and

outwards centrally, the ends being hooked forwards and

inwards, but not as strongly as in C, bohor or C. redunca.

i i lee

Relationship of Gazella isabella to Gazella dorcas. 291

Hab. N. Nigeria. Type from Ibi.

Type. Ad. g skin and skull. B.M. no. 7. 7. 5. 234.

Collected and presented by G. B. Gosling.

Cervicapra bohor ugande, subsp. n.

Size rather smaller than the above, with a shorter skull

and shorter horns. Body-colour grizzled, as in C. bohor

wardi.

Colour of hair as in C. bohor wardi, only richer and darker,

more brown, and less fulvous.

Dimensions of skull :—Greatest length 234 mm. ; occiput

to nasals 124; nasals 88; orbit to gnathion 128; pre-

maxillaries 64; supraorbital width 108; mean width between

orbits 71; vertical diameter of orbits 38 ; vertical height

from alveolar edge of first molar to top of orbits 75; zygo-

matic width 98; length on palatal suture 128; length of

upper dental series 56 ; central molar 13 x 12.

Horns short and stout, without a pronounced hook forward

at ends.

Hab. Ankole, 8.W. Uganda.

Type. Old g skin and skull, B.M. no. 5. 4.3.34. Pre-

sented by Col. Delmé-Radcliffe.

XXX.—On the Relationship of Gazella isabella to Gazella

dorcas, with a Description of a new Species and Subspecies.

By GILBerT BLAINE.

Since Gray first described Gazella dsabella in 1846, a

difficulty has always existed in distinguishing it from

Gazella dorcas, and no satisfactory description has hitherto

been formulated to show how the two species differ, or by

what geographical limits they are separated from one another.

The type of tsabella is said to have come from Abyssinia.

It is an immature male, and consists of a skin and a skull

which is very imperfect, and Gray’s description * of it is

short and rather vague. He subsequently refers to dsabella

as being found both in Egypt and in Kordofan. There are

in the B.M. collection four other specimens of gazelles from

Abyssinia, two males and two females, with which Gray’s type

agrees fairly well. They are all adult, and so have longer

horns, the tips of which are hooked inwards nearly at a right

* Gray, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (1) xviii. pp. 214, 231 (1846),

20*

292 Mr. G. Blaine on the Relationship

angle, the horns themselves being more evenly divergent

outwards from their bases than is usual in dorcas. The skins

agree perfectly with that of the type of zsabella, being of a

reddish-fawn colour with distinct darker lateral band, the

pelage being short and firm in texture.

It was John Ray who first published a scientific description

of Gazella dorcas in 1693*, which he called “ Gazella

africana cornibus brevibus.” His description is a very lucid

one, and he makes special reference to the outward and in-

ward bend of the horns, which is a well-known character of

this species. There is an interesting paragraph in which he

mentions a living specimen that D. Willughby saw in the

Royal Menagerie at Westminster, which I venture to

quote :—‘* Hee, nisi fallor, species est, quam D. Willughby

in vivario Regio Westmonasteriensi enutritam vidit et

descripsit.”

No locality is given by Ray for his gazelle, but it must

have come from N. Africa, and most probably from Lower

Egypt. This opinion is also held by Mr. Walter Rothschild,

and I shall therefore assume that place to be the type locality

of dorcas.

We have therefore Lower Egypt as the type locality of

dorcas, and Abyssinia as that of ¢dsabella.

I have made a careful comparison of skins and skulls of

this group of gazelles in the B.M. Museum collection, to

which has been added a series sent from Tring by Mr. Roth-

sehild. The localities from which they came are Abyssinia,

Suakin and the desert west of Suakin, Nakheila on the

Atbara River near its junction with the Nile, Wadi Natrun

west of Cairo, Kordofan, Tripoli, Biskra, the Central Algerian

Sahara, Lake Chad, and Rio de Oro in the extreme Western

Sahara. With the material thus provided it has been possible

to determine the true relationship of these gazelles to one

another.

A comparison of the skulls tends to prove that the gazelles

from Suakin on the Red Sea littoral, together with the

adjacent Nubian Desert, and a small series from Nakheila,

form a distinct group by themselves. G. zsabella from

Abyssinia shows some affinities both to the Red Sea group

and to the others, but resembles dorcas in skull-characters,

It will therefore be classified as a subspecies of dorcas.

Of the remainder the extreme Western (Rio de Oro) and

Central Saharan specimens appear to be a smaller form of

* Ray, Quad. p. 80 (1693).

of Gazella isabella to Gazella dorcas. 293

dorcas. But the material on which to base this supposition

is rather scanty and imperfect. .

Before describing the gazelles from the Red Sea and

adjacent regions I will endeavour to point out the characters

that distinguish them from the dorcas group.

The difference lies principally in their skulls.

In placing the skull of a Red Sea gazelle in profile beside

that of a dorcas, the former appears relatively lower and

flatter, with the parietal region less domed, while the latter

has its frontal outline rising more abruptly, and the parietal

region more prominently domed, and descending in a steeper

curve posteriorly. The premaxillaries of the former are

straighter and more obliquely directed forwards, while those

of the latter have a more vertical downward direction at first,

forming an angle of about 70° with the obliquely directed

anterior part. ‘Their outline is suggestive of a boomerang.

The gnathion of the Red Sea gazelle is finer and more

contracted than that of dorcas.

Turning the skulls over to examine their under surfaces

it will be seen that the angle formed by the basisphenoid

with the palatal plane is more acute in dorcas, but in the

Red Sea gazelle it is more obtuse, or, in other words, the

posterior half of the lower surface is more nearly in line with

the anterior half.

In dorcas the palate is wider and forms a simple arch,

while in the Red Sea gazelle it is narrower, with the palatal

surfaces of the maxillaries convex and merging into a central

groove anteriorly *. The alveolar margin is also longer with

the molars narrower. The bulle are smaller.

The horns of dorcas are longer and turn upwards and

forwards at the tips, but are much more variable in form than

those of the other species, which are shorter, but always

hooked strongly inwards at the tips at aright angle or less

than a right angle.

In colour the Red Sea gazelles are of a bright reddish

fawn, the light lateral stripes being distinct and the dark

lateral stripe rufous or dusky rufeus. The nose-spot is present

in most specimens. In dorcas tlie colour is sandy fawn, with

an indistinct light lateral stripe, and the dark lateral stripe

only slightly deeper in tone than the colour of the back. The

nose-spot is rarely present.

Having examined nearly forty skulls, both male and female,

of these gazelles and measured many of them, I have chosen

* This character is also noticeable in G. d. isabella, though less

pronounced.

Mr. G. Blaine on the Relationship

294

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of Gazella isabella to Gazella dorcas, 295

a few typical examples from different localities, measurements

of which are given in the table (p, 294). Only those are

given which I have found by practice to be reliable in

showing constant proportions,

Gazella littoralis, sp. n.

Rather smaller than G. dorcas. General colour soft

reddish fawn, with lighter lateral stripe, and dark lateral

stripe rich rufous or madder-brown, Under parts white,

sharply divided from colour on flanks and on pygal border.

Facial markings: central band deep rufous, light facial band

white, dark facial band blackish. Nose-spot blackish. Ears

very long, from inner lower angle to tip 140 mm., in dorcas

125 mm.

Skull_—Long and low, with the brain-case flatter and with

the parabola from crewn to occiput less vertically inclined

than in doreas. Basisphenoid more horizontal than in dorcas.

Palatal surfaces of the maxillaries in the region of the

palatine bones convex, but running into a central groove

anteriorly, being flattened out above the foramina into two

converging flanges, the gnathion being very fine and con-

tracted. Premaxillaries nearly straight. Bulle small.

Upper alveolar row longer than in dorcas, with the molars

narrower.

Horns shorter than in dorcas, evenly divergent from their

bases slightly outwards and curving backwards, the tips

being sharply crooked inwards in the form of a hook ata

right angle or less than a right angle.

Skull-measurements (in millimetres) of three adult male

specimens, those of the type being placed first :—

Greatest length 174, 174, 167; occiput to nasals 95,

105, 95; orbit to gnathion 88, 88, 84; premaxillaries 55,

48,53; vertical diameter of orbits 33, 33, 31; depth from

lower margin of maxillary at centre of last molar to highest

point on interparietal suture 75, 75, 73; greatest width

across orbits 77, 77, 77; length of upper dental series 56,

56, 53; square measure of central molar 12x95, 12x 9,

115 x 8°5.

Hab. The shores of the Red Sea from Suakin northwards

and adjacent desert regions.

Type. Ad. 3, head-skin and skull, B.M. no. 11. 10. 25. 6,

from Khorasot, Nubian Desert ; collected and presented by

W. B. Cotton, Esq.

Gazella littoralis osiris, subsp. n.

Similar to @. littoralis but much paler in colour, in which

296 Mr. E. Schwarz on new

respect it is indistinguishable from dorcas. Nose-spot present |

Ears long, from inner lower angle to tip 128 mm. Pelage

long and soft as in Uéttoral’s. Horns as in littoralis, but

bleached in appearance, especially in the hollows between

the ridges, as though engrained with sand. In Uittoralis the

horns are very black.

Skull-measurements of two adult male specimens, of which

the first is the type :—

Greatest length 171, 174 mm. ; occiput to nasals 94, 94 ;

orbit to gnathion 86, 87; premaxillaries 50, 54; vertical

diameter of orbits 31, 33; depth from lower margin of

maxillary at centre of last molar to highest point on inter-

parietal suture 74, 75; greatest width across orbits 73, 77 ;

length of upper dental series 53, 55; square measure of

central molar 11°5 x 8°5, 11 x 9°5.

Hab. Nakheila, near the junction of the Atbara River with

the Nile, Upper Egypt.

Type. Ad. g skin and skull, B.M. no. 4. 11. 3. 104,

from Nakheila; collected and presented by the Hon. N. C.

Rothschild.

XXXI.—Two new Mammals from the Malay Archipelago.

By Ernst Scuwarz.

THe name of the Macaque now described has already been

published by some accident in my account of Dr. Elbert’s

collection in connection with the Sumbawa race, referred to

as Pithecus fascicularis aff. limitis. It is for that reason

only that I give a diagnosis of the Timor monkey previous to

a general account of Herr C. B. Haniel’s mammals from that

island.

Pithecus fascicularis limitis, subsp. n.

Skull distinguished from that of P. f. mordax from Java by

its smaller size, narrower postorbital region, wider zygoma,

and weaker canines.

Colour of type. General appearance of upper parts dark yel-

lowish olive (about ‘‘ orangé-jaune 15,” ‘ Code des Couleurs’

{ Klincksieck et Valette]), the hairs being banded black and

dark olive-yellow. Top of head dark olive-yellow, the dark

bands of the hairs being less conspicuous. No distinct

superciliary black nor whitish stripe; only a few elongated

Mabiyt

Mammals from the Malay Archipelago. 297

blackish and greyish hairs above the eyes. Hairs on cheeks

whitish grey, with a pale yellow subterminal band and black

tip. Limbs light yellowish grey, somewhat speckled with

pale yellow ; fingers and toes whitish. Tail above blackish,

and whitish below. Underside of body pale silvery white.

In one specimen the tail is above dark greyish green,

speckled with yellow.

Skull. Much smaller and comparatively broader than in

P.f. mordax. Brain-case broader and more rounded, with

shorter postorbital constriction. Supraorbital region much

narrower and more rounded laterally. Orbits trapezoid, less

rounded than in mordaz. Rostrum shorter and broader ;

zygoma wider. Mastoid process more delicate and less

projecting. Opening of posterior nares shorter and narrower.

Cheek-teeth, and especially canines, smaller. Incisors

comparatively broad.

Type. Old g. Zoological Museum, Munich. Original

no. 19. Collected by C. B. Haniel on May 28th, 1911.

Type locality. Lelogama, Timor.

Specimens examined. Ten.

Dimensions of type (taken on the flat skin) :—

Head and body 530 mm.; tail 300.

Skull: basilar length 83; palatilar length 44°5 ; width of

brain-case at roots of zygoma 58 ; mastoid breadth 67 ; post-

orbital breadth 57°7; width of zygoma 86; vertical length

of canine on anterior edge 20°1 ; length of upper cheek-teeth

series (alv.) 28°9.

The skull of this form, although similar in size to P. f.

fascicularis from Sumatra, appears to be much more closely

related to P. f. mordaz. Like the Java Macaque it differs

from P. f. fascicularis in the convex frontal profile, longer

postorbital constriction, smaller orbits, and lower occiput,

From the female skuli from Sumbawa, in the Senckenberg

Museum, Frankfurt-a.-M., above referred to as P. f. aff.

limitis, the female skull of this form is distinguished by its

longer and narrower brain-case.

Arctogalidia bancana, sp. n.

Most nearly allied to A. major, Miller, from’ the Malay

Peninsula, but smaller.

Upperside a mixture of dark brown and creamy buff,

with three longitudinal blackish-brown stripes from behind

the shoulders. Crown, occiput, back of ears, face except

forehead (where the hairs have brownish tips), and vibrissze

deep black ; no whitish longitudinal stripe on forehead. Nape

298 Mr. W. Schaus on

mixed black and ochraceous buff, becoming paler towards

the shoulders. Sides of neck distinctly ochraceous buff,

contrasted both with the colour of the shoulders and that of

the throat, the latter being greyish white slightly tinged

with buffy. Underside of body buffy white. Limbs and tail

except at base brownish black.

Skull. In size similar to that of A. fusca, Miller, from

Kundur and Bintang, but with much narrower brain-case

and zygoma, as well as broader rostrum.

Dimensions of flat skin (original no. 88 ; paratype) :—

Head and body 590 mm. ; tail 485.

Skull (of type): basilar length 91; condylo-basilar

length 96; greatest breadth 52°1; mastoid breadth 36°5 ;

nasals 21'2 x92; intertemporal constriction 13 ; width of

brain-case 33°'5 ; palatilar length 50; palate, greatest breadth

(including teeth) 31°8, least breadth (between canines and

incisors) 10°4; breadth of rostrum across roots of canines 18°5 ;

foramina incisiva 4; front of p, to back of m, (alv.) 28°8;

Pa, length on outer edge5:7, breadth 5°1, greatest diameter 6:1.

Type. Old 92 (skull). Zoological Museum, Munich.

Original no. 4. Collected by Dr. B. Hagen on June 3rd,

1905.

Type locality. Simpang, Banka.

Specimens examined. 3 skins without skulds ; 1 skull (old

female ; type).

This Arctogalidia appears to be most nearly related to

A. major from Malacca: it may be distinguished by its

smaller size and lighter coloration; the sides of the neck,

though in general style very much as in that species, are also

a little paler. From A. fusca this new form differs especially

in its more buffy colour. : A. minor, from Billiton, on account

of its much inferior size, needs no special comparison with

A. bancana.

The skull of A. bancana is recognized at once by the com-

paratively narrow zygoma.

XXXII.— New Species of Erycinidee from Costa [ica.

By W. Scuaus, F.Z.S.

Mesosemia cachiana, sp. n.

3. Body above fuscous, underneath whitish. Wings

bright metallic blue. Fore wings: a round black spot at

end of cell ; a curved fine black postmedial line, not extending

Erycinide from Costa Rica. 299

below vein 2; apex and outer margin broadly black ; some

blue irrorations near apex, and traces of a paler subterminal

line; ecsta fuscous grey irrorated with blue. Hind wings

slightly incurved below apex and angled at vein 4; termen

narrowly black, with some blue irrorations forming a line at

anal angle; traces of a fine black subterminal line at apex.

Fore wings below: base dark grey; a geminate medial

brown line across cell, inangled on median and outbent

below it, divided by a grey line ; a large black ocellus over

discocellular, containing three blue points, circled with an

orange-yellow line, outwardly more broadly so and divided

by a fine brown line; space below ocellus dark grey, with a

fuscous spot and brown lines ; a postmedial brown line out-

curved around ocellus, then vertical, followed by a whitish-

grey shade; outer margin brown, much darker towards costa ;

a whitish subterminal line from vein 5 to inner margin ; a

pale blue shade at apex. Hind wings below consisting of

alternate brown and blue-grey lines, the basal, subbasal,

antemedial, and medial slightly wavy, the last preceded by a

brown spot at vein 5; postmedial line straighter, the space

beyond to termen brown crossed by an outer blue-grey shade ;

a similar subterminal line and interrupted marginal line.

Expanse 29 mm.

fab. Cachi.

The female referred in the ‘ Biologia’? to JL. celestis,

G. & §., with angled hind wings belongs to this species.

Mesosemia esperanza, sp. n.

6. Body above fuscous clothed with grey hairs. Wings

bright blue. Fore wings: a black line across middle of cell ;

a large round black spot over discocellular, containing a

small blue and white spot ; a black postmedial line outcurved

on costa, then vertical to submedian ; outer margin broadly

black ; a subterminal blue line. Hind wings: a subterminal

black line only distinct near apex ; a marginal and a terminal

fine black line. Wings below grey, lines fuscous brown.

Fore wings: a medial line from subcostal to submedian ;

ocellus containing three blue points, circled with yellow,

preceded and followed by dark lines, suffusing between

vein 2 and submedian, or separate with a dark spot in space

between them; postmedial expanding slightly towards inner

margin; a broad outer shade, tinged with reddish brown

below vein 4: termen fuscous crossed by a bluish marginal

line. Hind wings: a basal, antemedial, and medial line, the

last with a black spot edged with whitish at vein 5; a post-

medial line; all the intermediate lines whitish grey; outer

300 Mr. W. Schaus on

and subterminal broader lines, the marginal line fine ; termen

and cilia fuscous brown.

Hixpanse 27 mm.

Hab. Limon, Esperanza.

The female, of which only a single poor specimen was

found, is greyish white crossed by fuscous lines, placed the

same as on underside of male; underneath the wings are

somewhat darker.

Near JM. dulcis, Stichel.

Xenandra nigrivenata, sp. n.

9. Body black. Fore wings: base to near middle, inner

margin, veins broadly, and a spot on discocellular velvety

black ; interspaces from submedian fold to costa greenish

slate-colour. Hind wings velvety black ; a large orange-red

spot from costa and near base to median and vein 3, extending

to near termen. Fore wings below the same, duller. Hind

wings below the same, but the dark space greenish slate-

colour crossed by black veins,

Expanse 27 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Near X. vulcanalis, Stichel.

Mesene mygdon, sp. n.

3. Body fuscous brown. Wings crimson, the outer

margins black. Fore wings: base, cell partly, and costa

narrowly black ; a broad black line on discocellular ; cilia at

apex white. Hind wings: base narrowly black ;_ inner

margin yellow-white, black towards anal angle. Wings

below duller red, the outer margins black. Fore wings:

the cell entirely black, also beyond it ; the red space narrowest

between veins 5 and 6; a short outbent black shade below

éell and vein 2 ; the inner margin narrowly yellowish.

Expanse 24 mm.

Hab. Carillo.

Above like M. phareus, Cr., underneath like rubella, Bates.

A form from Guapiles has the costal margin more broadly

black, filling the cell completely, only interrupted by a red

line beyond discocellular.

Phenochitonia ignipicta, sp. n.

3. Body and wings black. Abdomen above from near

base to near end crimson. Hind wings: costa to beyond

middle white; a crimson space on inner half of wing from

close to base to termen, its outer edge incurved, broader in

OO a er a ae,

ee ee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeerr,m

Erycinidee from Costa Rica. 301

cell than terminally ; inner margin narrowly black. Wings

below dark slate-grey, the markings brown-black. Fore

wings: three lines across cell, two below it ; a line across

discocellular to inner margin; a line beyond cell from vein 6

to vein 3; traces of finer outer and subterminal lines. Hind

wings : three lines across cell, two above it, and two below it ;

a line on discocellular ; a postmedial line, inset below vein 3 ;

outer and postmedial lines fainter, but more distinct than on

fore wings. Cilia of fore wings partly tipped with white.

Female.—Body and wings dark grey-brown. Fore wings:

a broad orange-yellow fascia from middle of costa to tornus ;

apical space black; cilia at apex white ; fuscous subbasal,

antemedial, and medial lines on inner area. Hind wings:

fuscous basal, antemedial, medial, and postmedial lines, also

a line on discocellular. Fore wings below as on upper side,

but inner area slate-grey with fuscous lines. Hind wings

below whitish irrorated with grey ; the veins grey ; the lines

as in male but more distinct on paler ground; the sub-

terminal broad.

Expanse, ¢ 20 mm., 3 19 mm.

Hab. Guapiles.

Pachythone nigriciliata, sp. n.

2. Frons white, shaded with brown above. Vertex

fuscous brown. Body above and wings bright brownish red ;

costa of fore wings and termen finely black ; cilia black.

Body below yellowish. Wings below yellow-brown, the

costa and termen as above, but preceded by some narrow

purplish-brown shading. Fore wings: an oblique dark

brown shade from costa beyond cell to termen between vein 2

and submedian fold.

Expanse 26 mm.

Hab. Carillo, San Mateo.

Echenais petronia, sp. n.

6. Head and thorax brown; abdomen white. Fore

wings brown, the markings fuscous brown; subbasal and

antemedial spots in cell, and vertical lines below cell; a

line across discocellular ; a vertical postmedial line from

vein 6 to vein 8, then inbent to discocellular, and slightly

inbent to inner margin ; a small spot above vein 6 slightly

beyond line; large darker brown marginal spots on inter-

spaces. Hind wings: base and outer margin brown ; medial

space white, widest on inner margin, its outer edge incurved

between veins 4 and 2; a faint whitish subterminal line,

302 On Evycinidee from Costa Rica.

lunular from vein 4 to inner margin. Fore wings below,

pale greyish brown, the markings similar, finer, more linear,

and broken into spots; some whitish shading above sub-

median beyond lines and at tornus. Hind wings below

white ; small subbasal and antemedial brown spots; the outer

edge of fascia above indicated by a fine broken brown line ;

termen shaded with brown,

Expanse 15 mm.

Hab. San Mateo,

Nymphidium lenocinium, sp. n.

gd. Head, thorax, base and tip of abdomen fuscous ; abdo-

men otherwise white. Wings white. Fore wings: costal

margin Lroadly fuscous brown, extending to base of inner

margin; the extreme costa bluish white; a fine dark streak

on discocellular and minute postmedial line on vein 5 ; traces

of small blue-edged spots in cell and outwardly on costa ;

outer margin fuscous, its inner edge crenulate ; a fine blue

subterminal line, lunular to termen from vein 4 to inner

margin, followed by a blue shade at vein 6 ; a terminal blue

line, preceded by blue and white shading at tornus and

between veins 3 and 4; cilia fuscous, with white spots at

apex, between 3 and 4, and just above tornus. Hind wings:

base narrowly black; outer margin brown-black, the sub-

terminal line as on fore wing; the termen and cilia white.

Wings below white. Fore wings: costal margin broadly

fuscous, thickly irrorated with bluish white; cell-spots defined

by bluish-white edging; an antemedial, medial, and disco-

cellular spot ; a small subbasal spot. below cell; small post-

medial and outer spots on costa; outer margin fuscous from

costa to vein 4 ; a subterminal white line, defined from below

vein 4 by narrow fuscous shadings preceding it and marginal

black spots; cilia as above. Hind wings: a subterminal

broad fuscous line, interrupted, somewhat lunular; large

marginal black spots between veins 4 and 6, 2 and 3, and

near anal angle.

Expanse 22 mm.

Hab. La Florida, Santa Clara.

Theope phineus, sp. n.

Body above fuscous. Fore wings fuscous; cell behind,

space below cell to beyond middle of wing, and between

veins 3 and 5 to near termen bright blue, a few blue scales

—” a “

ee oe

PS,

ho A)\ ».

On a new Species of Rhysodina, 303

beyond the area described. Hind wings blue; costa and apex

narrowly black ; termen finely black ; inner margin grey ;

tips of cilia brown-grey. Wings below pale brownish grey ;

marginal black spots on hind wings, minute towards apex,

the largest at anal angle, and below vein 3.

Expanse 30 mm.

Hab, Limon.

XXXIITI.—A new Species of Rhysodina (Coleoptera

Heteromera). By K.G. Buatr, B.Sce., F.E.S.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

[Plate VI.]

Amoncst the Heteromera collected by Mr. G. A. K. Marshall

in South Africa and recently presented by him to the British

Museum are contained three species of particular interest

belonging to the highly anomalous group Rhysopausside

(Wasmann). One of these is undescribed, and having regard

to the scarcity of the members of this group, both in species

and in individuals, and to our very meagre knowledge of

them, it appears desirable to describe it.

I place it provisionally in the genus Rhysodina of Chevrolat,

since, though it differs considerably from the typical 2. mni-

zechi, even more so perhaps than does Ap/stocerus wasmannt,

Fairm., for which the author created a new genus, it seems

inadvisable, in-the present state of our knowledge, to multiply

too hastily the number of genera.

Rhysodina marshalli, sp. n.

Elongata, rufo-picea, nitida; capite elongato, ante et post oculos

constricto, antice valde bulboso; antennis 9-articulatis, sub apice

insertis, longitudine capiti eum prothoracis dimidio equalibus,

_articulo 1° crasso pyriformi, sequentibus 3 transversis lentieu-

laribus, 5° valde ecrassiore apice oblique truncato, 6° reniformi

dorso-ventraliter expanso, inter lobos pediculato, 7° lenticulari

pediculato, pediculo sexti oriendo et utrinque ad lobos hujus

laterales per fasciculam pilorum connexo, 8° transverso reticulari,

9° preecedenti simili sed majore, sat oblique lenticulari, apice ru-

goso-punctato setigero ; prothorace elongato, nitido, medio longi-

tudinaliter sulcato, lateribus medio angulatis ante apicem et basin

304 Mr. K. G. Blair on a

constricto ; elytris elongatis parallelis, sutura elevate, singulo

costis tribus ornato, costa subsuturali elevata rotundata, costis

humerali atque intermedia obsoletis, intervallis biseriatim punc-

tatis, punctis versus latera et postice obsolescentibus.

Long. 12 mm.

Tlab. Salisbury, Mashonaland.

In form and facies this species resembles 2. mnizechi,

Chevr., except that the sharp sculpture of the latter is very

much smoothed down and rounded, with a marked tendency

to obsolescence. It is dark red-brown in colour, smooth and

shining; the head is more elongate than that of mntzecht,

more strongly constricted between the base and the eyes, with

the puncturation obsolete ; the antenniferous protuberance is

much more bulbous, equal in length to the part behind the

eyes, the total length of the head being about equal to that of

the prothorax. The antennez are nine-jointed : the first is

massive and pyriform, followed by three lenticular perfoliate

joints ; the fifth is much more massive, obliquely truncate at

the apex ; the sixth joint is very peculiar, seen from in front

it is very strongly transverse and reniform, the two lobes are

rather far apart and between them is a short pedicle with

which the stalk of the succeeding joint articulates, from each

of the lobes arises a stout fascicle of hairs which connects the

sixth joint to the seventh, seen from above this joint appears

narrower than those on either side of it; the seventh joint

consists of a lenticular portion attached by a distinct basal

stalk to the sixth and further supported by the fascicles of

hairs arising from the lobes of the latter ; the eighth again is

lenticular, and the terminal joint resembles the eighth but is

larger and somewhat oblique, with the apical surface strongly

convex, punctured, and setulose. ‘The prothorax compared

with that of mndzechi has the coste broad, low, and rounded,

so that the space between the two inner coste is represented

by a dorsal median furrow, while that between the discal and

lateral coste is visible only as a shallow depression above the

lateral angles. The elytra are about three times as long as

together broad, each with a single distinct though rounded

costa on the disc; the two rows of punctures between this

and the suture, and that bounding it externally, are composed

of rather large coarse punctures, in the remaining rows the

punctures are much smaller, becoming obsolete behind and

to the outside; the humeri are prominent and rounded, with

another obsolete costa.

Two examples were taken by Mr. Marshall (Feb. 704 and

Jan. 05), crawling up a gate-post.

ey Segre new EN = Tt Om “Tr OPED oe >.

new Spectes of Rhysodina. 305

R. mnizecht, Chevr., was also represented by two examples

from Salisbury, Mashonaland, both taken at light, Feb. 1894.

The structure of the antenne is essentially similar to

that described above, the main points of difference being as

follows :—The fifth joint is similar to joints 2-4, and that

described by Chevrolat, followed by Westwood, as the sixth

is equivalent to the sixth and seventh of 2. marshalli; the

dorso-ventral prolongation of the sixth is not so marked, and

the fascicles of hairs supporting the seventh are extended

almost completely round it, concealing the junction of the two

_joints ; the seventh of Chevrolat corresponds to our eighth,

and his eighth to our ninth; the apical surface of the latter,

however, is flat in mnizecht. ‘The antenna is therefore com-

plete, and does not lack the terminal joints as supposed by

Chevrolat and Westwood.

Stemmoderus singularis, Spin., one specimen of which was

taken by Mr. Marshall at Salisbury, must also be assigtied to

this group. It was associated by Spinola, and subsequently

by Lacordaire, with Rhysodes, as, indeed, was Rhysodina by

Chevrolat at a mueh later period. Both these genera, how-

ever, have heteromerous tarsi, and, in spite of the difference

in facies, the structure of the head indicates that the relation-

ship between them is fairly close. Spinola’s species was

described upon a single example from Senegal, and no further

specimen appears to have been recorded, ‘That captured by

Mr. Marshall differs a little from the description and figure of

the type in not having the hind legs distinctly longer and

more slender than the others; but considering the extremely

scanty nature of the material, I do not feel justified in

describing it as new.

The example in question was taken at light, so that its

capture gives us no information upon the habits of the species,

The slender legs and long tibial spurs suggest that it is a

good runner, and are perhaps hardly in accordance with the

termitophilous mode of life of those species of the group of

which anything of the life-history is known.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE VI,

Rhysodina marshalli, sp. n.

Antenna viewed from in front,

Ann, & Mag. N. Hist, Ser, 8. Vol. xi. 21

306 Prof. R. Newstead and Mr. B. F. Cummings on

XXXIV.—On a Remarkable Gall-producing Psyllid from

Syria. By Professor R. NeEwsreaD, F.R.S., and BRucE

F. CUMMINGS.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

[Plate VII.]

A CORRESPONDENT, Mr. 8. Wightman, recently forwarded to

the Botanical Department of the British Museum a “ pod”

which had been gathered in the autumn of 1911 at Brumana,

a summer resort in the Lebanon, about eight miles from

Beyrout and about 2500 feet above sea-level. On exami-

nation this proved to be a large pod-shaped insect-gall,

hollow inside and containing an immense quantity of im-

mature “ mealy” Psyllids. Unfortunately, efforts to obtain

adults and more specimens of this remarkable gall have so

far proved unavailing, so it was thought desirable to publish

at once a short account of both the gall and the insects,

which were the larvae and pupex of a species belonging

probably to the subfamily Triozine, F. Loew. The gall

appears to have excited curiosity on account of the living

Psyllids discovered in its interior and because it seems, from

inquiries made, to be a far from common object in the

district in which it was found. The name of the tree on

which it grew was not forthcoming, but from the piece of twig

accompanying it Dr. A. B. Rendle, F.R.S., was able to say’

that in all probability the tree was the T'amarind (Zamarindus

indica, L.).

The Gall (Pl. VII.).—It is attached laterally to a slender

twig. From the spiral arrangement of the buds the gall is

presumably axial and not a bud-gall, The twig measures

only 3 millimetres in width and the gall at the base

measures 5 millimetres, increasing to 26 millimetres.

Total length 180 millimetres, broad cylindrical, but pointed

at the tip. Texture (dry) is hard, rugose, brittle, only

2 millimetres thick.

Larva (taken from gall).—Form doubtful, but apparently —

somewhat elongated. Antenne (fig. A, p. 307) stout; of five

segments, of which the third and sixth are the longest and

about equal in length ; fourth and fifth each with a single

circular gland (sensorZum) beset with a fringe of fine short

hairs) Mentum (fig. B) trimerous, relatively stout and

about two-thirds the length of the antenne ; terminal segment

with a few fine hairs. Legs stout and relatively long ;

tarsus (fig. C) shorter than tibia; claws long and slender,

a Remarkable Gall-producing Psyllid. 307

with a marked central constriction. Abdomen with a few

fine hairs, most numerous at the distal extremity.

Pupa with the abdomen somewhat pyriform, being much

the widest in the region of the central segments. Antenne

short and stout and very similar in form to that of the larva,

the most marked difference being that there are six instead of

five segments. Legs practically hairless, similar in form to

those of the larva, but larger. Wing-pads well developed.

Abdomen nude, and the stigmata apparently obsolete.

One pupa, evidently arrested at the period of ecdysis, shows

the sub-lying adult insect, which differs to a marked degree

from the pupal stage already described. The antennz

(fig. D) consist, as far as one is able to trace, of five seg-

ments only, and they are of a very remarkable form, bearing

on the segments 2-5 inclusive a number of clear ovate or

ellipsoidal patches surrounded by dark chitinous rings. Legs

similar in form to those of the pupa, but the segments are

clothed with fine short spines, Tergites of the abdomen

each with a series of (?4) large, isolated, and compound

groups of minute spinnerets. Penultimate segment with a

large transverse setiferous plate, and immediately beyond it

there are two minute ones also clothed with short hairs,

21*

308 Mr. B. F. oe on the First Maville

As far as one can ascertain, this insect belongs to the sub-

family Triozine, F. Loew. Most unfortunately, however,

the examples are all immature, the majority being larve,

while the pupee associated with them in the interior of the

gall are relatively scarce. In the absence of adults it would

be unwise to describe the insect as a new and undescribed

species, but, so far as one can gather, the immense gall produced

by the hordes of Psyllids which were found in its interior is

not only strikingly characteristic but much larger than that

of any other known gall-producing Psyllid with which we

are acquainted.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE VII.

Giant Psyllid Gall from Syria. x 1.

XXXV.—Apropos of the First Mavzille in the Genus

Dipseudopsis, Walk., Trichoptera. By Bruce F. CUMMINGS.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

I am indebted to Mr. Martin E. Mosely, of London, for

the opportunity of examining and describing the peculiar

mouth-trophi of Dipseudopsis, Walk., a genus of Trichoptera,

a specimen of which he was good enough to put into my

hands, with the remark that the head appendages seemed

to be of a very abnormal kind.

The outer lobe of the first pair of maxillee proved to be

extremely long and pendulous, recalling the proboscis in

some Lepidoptera, such as Zeuzera, where the two elements

remain separate and hang down loosely from the mouth as

two elongated lobes.

Geo. Ulmer * has already remarked upon the mouth-paris

of Dipseudopsis, but as his description does not pretend to be

more than summary, the following further details are given

in the belief that the structures merit a more extended

notice, especially as Ulmer does not draw attention to the

likeness of these pendulous maxille to those of the

Lepidoptera.

The labial palpi are 3-jointed, almost as long as the

tubular outer lobes of the first maxille. The first joint

is the longest, trumpet-shaped, the second short, and the

* Zool, Anz, 1905, Bd. xxviii. p. 56.

ak a ee ee ee

in the Genus Dipseudopsis, Walk. 309

third longer than the second but shorter than the first and

composed of numerous subsegments. The hypopharynx 1s

covered with small teeth and completed behind by a trans-

Fig. 1.

wo I N

of the lobe\ | ‘

sta __[4abral

f (pi

Convex ; Outer lobe

SP ida

ourer side iN of /*! maxilla

SSD

hollow excavated

in [97 max.

$-+—lip of plate

Poth concealed

inhallow

SS Wf labrum C “Mandible

ln ~-)

Mouth-parts of Dipseudopsis, seen from above, somewhat diagrammatic,

the ends of the labial palpi and maxillary lobes being left out and

the palpi of the first maxille omitted. The labrum and mandibles

have been drawn back to show the labium and hypopharynx ; the

sense-organs on the lower edge of the maxillary lobes are not shown,

and on the right lobe a small area of the convex outer side is given

in detail.

Fig. 2.

: The palpus of the first maxilla, showing the columpar

sense-organs on the second segment.

| verse narrow plate. In front numerous hairs and sense-

organs. ‘There is no haustellum. The mazillary palpi are

very long, 5-jointed. The third segment is attached, not to

310 Mr. B. F. Cummings on the First Maxille

the distal,extremity of segment 2, but at a point about two-

thirds of the way along the length of the second segment,

thus giving the palpus an elbowed appearance, as in some

other Trichoptera. On the “elbow ”—i. e., the end of the

second segment—stands a group of peculiar columnar sense-

Fig. 3.

One of the columnar sense-organs, highly magnified.

Fig. 4.

Mouth-parts of Dipseudopsis, diagrammatic.

A. Two basal joints of palp of first maxilla.

B. Extension of the gena from the head.

C. Outer lobe of first maxilla.

D. Labial palp.

organs. They are about twenty in. number, each with a

swollen pedestal, a fine central canal, and a somew at cup-

shaped extremity. Terminal joint of the palpus lon est and

composed of subsegments,

————

in the Genus Dipseudopsis, Walk. 311

The lubes of the first pair of mawille are extraordinary.

Hach is a long tapering semi-tube, convex on the outside

lateral margin, concave on the inside. Along each of the

edges which on each side accompany this concavity or

channel are a row of peculiar sense-organs—plate-like

structures of two sizes, the broad and narrow plates being

for the most part arranged alternately, each carrying a small

conical papilla at the end. The sense-organs in the-Lepidoptera

figured by Breitenbach * and called “ saft bohrer ” display

a considerable resemblance to these, there being the central

part homologous with the hair-shaft, and the outer area or

plate”? homologous with the outer ring of the hair-shaft.

Each of the pendulous lobes is cross-barred, but the chitin

rings are not perfectly regular, for under a high power they

are seen to be broken, to branch, and to anastomose. Between

the rings the chitin is clear, membranous, and delicate. Part

of the proboscis of Agraulis juno figured by Breitenbach fT

bears a strong superficial resemblance to the ringing in the

proboscis of Dipseudopsis. A small ridge or ledge runs

along the inside of the walls of the channel. The walls are

grooved and are possibly capable of meeting each other and

converting each lobe into a tube. A thick chitinous flap is

situated obliquely across the base of each lobe and impinges

on the hypopharyngeal plate. At the base, each lobe above

is hidden by long hairs and by a giant sense-organ of the

same nature as those on the lobe.

Comparison with the Lepidoptera.

Ulmer at the conclusion of his paper remarks; “ dass der

Riissel der Schmetterlinge sowohl seinem Bau wie seiner

entstehung nach von dem risselformigen Anhang der

Trichopteren giinzlich verschieden ist.” Now the evidence

of Micropteryx goes to show that the two elements of the

proboscis in the Lepidoptera are the homologues of the outer

lobes of the first pair of maxillee. The lobesin Dipseudopsis

are also probably the outer lobes, as I think the densely

chitinous mass on the outside of each lobe is probably a

prolongation of the gena of the skull. At all events the

maxillary palp arises on its inside margin and at the base of

the pendulous lobe,

Again, in some Heterocera, such as Zeuzera, Arectia, and

others, the two elements of the proboscis are not co-adapted,

* “ Beitrage zur Kenntniss des Baues der Schmetterlings-Riissel,”

Jenaische Zeitschrift, Bd. xv. (1881-2).

t Loe. cit. Taf. iv. fig. 9.

312 Dr. W. T. Calman on the

but remain separate as two long tapering lobes, just as in

Dipseudopsis, which shows further resemblance in the cross-

barring and sense-organs of these lobes.

Indeed, many characters point to the close relationship of

the Lepidoptera to the Trichoptera. But the mouth-parts of

such forms as Icropteryx and Hriocephala suggest mandibu-

late ancestors within the Lepidoptera, so that it is extremely

improbable that in Dipseudopsis the proboscis of the first

maxille, which have already become elongated, is really

homologous with the proboscis of the Lepidoptera. ‘This

is a case of parallelism as opposed to homoplasy, having

regard to the close phyletic relations of the Lepidoptera and

Trichoptera. Other instances of great interest are given by

Dr. Willey in his book on “ Convergence.”

XXXVI.—Note on the Brachyuran Genera Micippoides and

Hyastenus. By W. T. Catman, D.Sc.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Micippoides angustifrons, A. M.-E.

Micippoides angustifrons, A. Milne-Edwards, Journ. Mus. Godeffroy,

Bd. i. Heft iv. p. 78, pl. i. figs. 2-2 ¢ (1878); Rathbun, Trans. Linn.

Soc, London, (2) Zool. xiv. p. 256, pl. xviii. fig. 14 (1911).

Hyastenus andrewsi, Calman, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1909, p. 711,

pl. Ixxil. figs. 6 & 7.

The figure published by Miss Rathbun has made me aware

that the specimens from Christmas Island which I described

under a new name belong, with little doubt, to Milne-

Edwards’s species. While I cannot attempt to excuse my

oversight, it may be of interest to call attention to the

characters in which the Christmas Island specimens differ

from the original figures. I have also compared them with

four old dried specimens in the Museum collection from the

Fiji Islands and ‘ Australian Seas,” doubtless the specimens

examined by Miers in preparing his ‘ Classification of the

Maioid Crustacea” (Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. xiv. p. 658,

1879). In all of these, as in Miss Rathbun’s specimen, the

rostval spines are less deflexed than in Milne-Edwards’s

figure, while in the Christmas Island specimens they are

rather more slender and more curved upwards at the

tip than in any of the others. More important are the

differences in the orbital region. Milne-Edwards figured the

oo. «psa

me heey.

Brachyuran Genera Micippoides and Hyastenus. 313

upper orbital margin as projecting in a well-marked corner

anteriorly and the basal segment of the antenna as hardly

longer than broad. In all the specimens I have seen the

anterior corner of the upper orbital margin is practically

obliterated. In the old Fiji and Australian specimens the

basal antennal segment is nearly as broad as long, with the

outer margin expanded into a semicircular lobe which forms

a distinct fioor to the orbit and is separated by a rather

narrow gap from the postorbital process. In the Christmas

Island specimens, as shown in the figure given in my former

paper, the basal segment is not more than three-fourths as

broad as long, its outer margin is only slightly convex, and

the gap between it and the postorbital process is widely open.

The result of all this is that the orbits—wlhich in Milne-

Edwards’s figures look so tubular as to lead Alcock (Journ.

Asiatic Soc. Bengal, Ixiv. pt. 2, pp. 167 & 255) to place the

genus in his alliance Periceroida, and to suggest that it

might “ without any unnatural stretch” include Macroceloma

and Entomonyx—are not only, as Miss Rathbun notes,

“much less tubular than in Macroceloma,”’ but are even, in

the Christmas Island specimens, less completely enclosed

than in some species of Hyastenus. There can be little

doubt that Miers was right when he placed the genus in the

vicinity of Hyastenus and Nawia, and even the resemblance

which he admits to the Periceroid Prionorhynchus is, perhaps,

not more than superficial.

The only other species that I find referred to the genus

Micippoides is M. longimanus, Haswell (Proc. Linn. Soe.

N.S. W. iv. p. 444, pl. xxvi. fig. 5, 1879), of which I have -

examined a specimen. It is hardly possible to regard this

species as congeneric with M. angustifrons, from which it

differs considerably in the structure of the orbital region,

but I am not prepared to suggest its proper place in the

classification.

Genus Hyastrenus, White.

Hyastenus, White, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1847, p. 56.

“ Halimus, Latreille,” Rathbun, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, xi. p. 157

(1897) ; nec Halimus, Latreille, Régne Animal, nouy. éd. iv. p. 60

(1829).

The name Hyastenus, proposed by White in 1847, was

used for half a century, without any ambiguity or incon-

venience, to denote a well-known genus of Indo-Pacific

Brachyura. In 1897, however, Miss Rathbun proposed to

transfer to this genus the name Halimus, which had been

employed till then for an entirely different genus from

314 Mr. O. Thomas on

Australian and New Zealand seas. In this change Miss Rath-

bun has been followed by nearly all writers who have since

had occasion to refer to White’s genus. Mr. Stebbing, in

pt. iv. of his “South African Crustacea” (Ann. S. Afr.

Mus. vi. p. 5, 1908) *, rehearses her argument and adopts

her conclusion. It is somewhat surprising, therefore, to find

that the supposed necessity for the transference of the name

Halimus appears to rest upon a mistake.

Miss Rathbun, having shown that the genotype of Hali-

mus is H. aries, Latreille (Guérin, Iconogr. Régne Anim.,

Crustacea, pl. ix. fig. 2, 1834?), goes on to add, “ aries

having been put in Hyastenus, White, 1847, which genus

now becomes a synonym of Halimus.” Mr. Stebbing

repeats this statement, but neither author gives any reference

for the supposed transfer of Halimus aries. As a matter of

fact, 1 can find no evidence that it ever took place. What

did happen was that A. Milne-Edwards in 1872 (Nouv. Arch.

Mus. Paris, viii. p. 250) included as one of the species of

Hyastenus the Pisa aries of Latreille (‘ Encyclopédie Métho-

dique,’ x. p. 149, 1825-28), which is an entirely different

species from Halimus aries (cf. Milne-Edwards, Hist, Nat.

Crust. i. pp. 315 & 341).

XXXVII.—On African Bats and Shrews.

By OLDFIELD THOMAS.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Rhinolophus fowi, sp. n.

Closely allied to R. deckent, Peters, of East Africa, but

greyer in colour and with smaller teeth.

Size rather less than in R. deckent. General colour above

“ drab-grey,” below more whitish grey. Nose-leaf and ears

apparently as in deckeni.

Skull as in R. decken7, but rather smaller; the nasal

* Mr. Stebbing here places the species he is discussing in his family

Blastidz, the Pisin of Alcock’s classification ; but in pt. v. of the same

work (¢. ¢. p. 284, 1910) he removes the same species without explanation

to the family Inachide (Alcock’s Inachine). The first position is appro-

priate to Halimus, Rathbun, the second to Halimus, Latreille. It seems

possible that the names and not the characters of the specimen may have

been the cause of this uncertainty.

a eee eee

African Bats and Shrews. 315

swelling just about as in decken?, larger than in ferrum-

equinum and augur*. Bony palate extending slightly

further forward, to the level of the junction between p* and

m'. Teeth all slightly smaller than in decken?, the combined

length of p'—m?, on outer edge, being 5°3 mm. as against 5°8

in that species. Minute premolar still further reduced,

absent on one side in each of the specimens, and on the other

quite minute, smaller than an incisor, and placed in the

narrow outer angle between the closely jammed canine and

large premolar.

Dimensions of the type (the italicised measurements taken

in the flesh):—

Forearm 50 mm. (? 51).

Head and body 57; tail 29; ear 25; third finger, meta-

carpal 36°5, first phalanx 16; lower leg and foot (c. u.) 30.

Skull: greatest length to front of canines 22-2; naso-

occipital length 18°7 ; palatal length 3; front of canine to

back of m?® 8°5.

Hab. Kabwir, Bauchi Plateau, Northern Nigeria. Alt.

2500 feet.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 13, 2.5.1. Original num-

ber 45. Collected 14th November, 1912, and presented by

Mr. J. C. Fox, of the Cambridge University Mission. Two

specimens, male and female.

This is evidently a western representative of FR. deckeni,

but the difference in the general size of the teeth and the

reduction of the small premolar prevent my treating it as a

subspecies of that bat, from which it is most readily distin-

guished by its much paler colour.

The British Museum possesses a good example of R. deckeni

from Tanganiko, near Mombasa, collected and presented by

Mr. A. Blayney Percival.

Pipistrellus fuscipes, sp. 0.

Near P. rueppelli and pulcher, but outer incisors larger.

General characters, including the striking contrast betweer

the white or buffy underside and the greyish upperside, as in

P. rueppelli and pulcher, but the membranes rather paler,

while the forearms, hind legs, feet, and tail are darker, appa-

rently black, so as to form a marked contrast with the pale

* I may note here that the bats from Mt. Kilimanjaro collected by

Mr. R. Kemp on the Rudd Expedition to East Africa and referred by me

to R, deckent (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) vi p. 309, 1910) prove on

renewed examination to be examples of R&. augur zambestensis, K, And.

316 Mr. O. Thomas on

membranes. Feet large in proportion. Calcar long, without

post-caleareal lobule. Wings to the base of the fifth toe.

Skull rounder and more swollen than in P. rueppelli, the

frontal region broader and more convex, and the brain-case

more inflated. Supra-orbital edges more rounded, less ridged.

Bony palate slightly shorter posteriorly.

Inner upper incisors not so long as in P. rueppelli, bi-

cuspid, the secondary cusp well developed. Outer incisor

much larger than in rueppelli, its longer cusp falling not far

short of the outer cusp of the inner incisor, its base with two

small secondary cusps, postero-internal and postero-external.

Small upper premolar well developed, nearly half the height

of the large premolar, quite visible from without, in the

centre of the fairly large space between the canine and large

premolar.

Dimensions of the type (the italicised measurements taken

in the flesh) :—

. Forearm 36 mm.

Head and body 49; tail 473; ear 72; third finger, meta-

carpal 34°5, first phalanx 12°6, second phalanx 11; tibia 14;

hind foot (c. u.) 10.

Skull: greatest length 13°5; basi-sinual length 9:8;

front of canine to back of m?® 4:8.

Hab. Uganda. Type from 60 miles W. of Entebbe.

Alt. 3700’.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 6.7.1.5. Original num-

ber 1. Collected during the Ruwenzori Expedition by R. E.

Dent. Several specimens.

In both P. rueppellt and P. pulcher* the outer incisor is

minute, and in the type of the latter species, which in other

respects seems nearest to P. fuscipes, there is no indication of

the characteristic contrasted coloration of the limbs and

membranes.

Pipistrellus musciculus, sp. n.

A very minute species with unicolor fur.

Size excessively small, smaller than in any known bat.

General colour perfectly uniform umber-brown, slightly

darker than Ridgway’s “burnt umber,” the hairs of the

same colour from base to tip ; under surface similar, though

appearing slightly lighter owing to the glossy tips to the

* The typical skull of P. pulcher has unfortunately been mislaid, but

Dobson’s statements (especially that in the synopsis of species) as to the

size of its incisors are explicit.

ct Re, nF = a = samme

opt LA port? Se

African Bats and Shrews. 317

hairs. Ears and membranes very dark, practically black.

Inner margin of ears strongly convex at base, straight above ;

outer margin concave above, convex below. ‘lragus of

medium size, its inner margin slightly concave, its outer

convex, with an unusually large angular basal lobe. Wings

to the base of the toes. Post-calcareal lobule well developed.

Skull very small, rounded, with short broad muzzle and

proportionally high brain-case, not so flattened asin P. minus-

culus and other pigmy species. Palate extended posteriorly

. further than in any of the allied forms.

Upper inner incisor bicuspid, outer incisor probably also

bicuspid, but too much worn down in the type for exact

description, its tip about equalling the posterior cusp of the

inner incisor. Anterior premolar small, not visible exter-

nally and not exceeding in height the cingular cusps of the

canine and large premolar. Lower incisors small, tricuspid,

not crowded or overlapping. .

Dimensions of the type (the italicised measurements taken

in the flesh) :—

Forearm 24°4 mm.

Head and body 40; tail 24; ear 9°5; third finger, meta-

earpus 23°5, first phalanx 10°6; lower leg and hind foot

(c. u.) 15°2.

Skull: greatest length 10:7; condylo-basal length 10:4;

basi-sinual length 8; zygomatic breadth 7°5; intertemporal

breadth 3:2 ; breadth of brain-case 5°5 ; palato-sinual length

4:4; front of canine to back of m* 3:5; p*-m?, length on

outer edge 2°5.

Hab. Bitye, Ja River, S.E. Cameroons. Alt. 2000’.

Type. Old male. B.M. no. 13. 2. 8.1. Original number

622. Collected 3rd September, 1912, by Mr. G. L. Bates.

“ Caught in hollow palm-leaf stalk—another got away.”—

G. £. B.

This minute species appears to be the very smallest bat as

yet described, its forearm being less than an inch in length,

It is readily distinguishable from the other small African

species by its short stumpy skull, elongated palate, and uni-

color fur, the allied species having the fur dark basally

and pale terminally. In P. pusillulus, Peters, which was de-

scribed as having a forearm only 25 mm. in length, the skull

is as large as in P. nanus, to which Dobson was probably

right in referring it; its fur, as in the other small species,

was bicolor.

318 Mr. O. Thomas on

Nyctinomus ansorgei, sp. ne

Allied to NV. cisturus, Thos., with which alone it shares a

somewhat Cherephon-like shape of skull combined with

typical Vyctinomus m® and premaxille.

Size about as in N. cisturus; distribution of fur as in that

species, except that the tail and interfemoral are less hairy ;

a partly naked patch on the crown behind the junction of the

ears, and another across the nape just in front of the shoulders,

General colour above dark chocolate-brown, the tips of the .

hairs paler. Below, succeeding the naked chin, the throat

is blackish brown, considerably darker than any other part

of the animal, and suggesting the blackish beard of certain

species of Taphozous; chest and belly lighter brown, the tips

markedly lighter than the bases, but not anywhere white.

Ears of medium size, rounded; basal keel not specially

thickened ; antitragus triangular, rounded above, about half

as high as long, separated behind by a deep notch. Tragus

small, subquadrangular, very different from the triangular

pointed tragus of JV. cisturus. ‘Tail apparently without

special glands.

Skull on the whole very similar to that of JV. cisturus, but

rather larger throughout ; upper profile not so convex in the

frontal region. ‘leeth as in cisturus; anterior upper pre-

molar in the tooth-row, not crowded, but just filling up the

space between the canine and p*. Lower incisors 4. Ante-

rior lower premolar broader than the posterior.

Dimensions of the type (the italicised measurements taken

in the flesh) :—

Forearm 47 mm.

Head and body 70; tail 32; ear 19; tragus (dry) 1:5;

third finger, metacarpus 46, first phalanx 18°6, second

phalanx 19 ; fifth finger, metacarpus 28.

Skull: greatest length 19°2; zygomatic breadth 11:4 ;

interorbital breadth 4°2; mastoid breadth 10°7; front of

canine to back of m? 7-4.

Hab. Malange, North Angola. Alt. 1150 m.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 10. 4.8.4. Original

number 5. Collected 17th February, 1909, by Dr. W. J.

Ansorge.

The Angolan species described by Sr. de Seabra all

have the low skull of typical Nyctinomus, N. cisturus being

the only known species combining a high skull with the

complete m® and divided premaxille which distinguish

Nyctinomus from Cherephon and Mops. From N, cisturus the

African Bats and Shrews. 319

new species is readily recognizable by its dark beard and

non-glandular tail.

Cherephon nigeria, sp. n.

Closely allied to Ch. plicatus, conspicuously larger than in

any of the members of the Ch. pumilus group.

Size about as in Ch. plicatus. General colour dark brown

throughout, except that the band of fur on the under side of

the wing-membrane bordering the body between the humerus

and femur is white, strongly contrasting with the uniformly

dark body. Wing-membranes dull brown above and distally

below, whitish proximally below. Ears and other soft parts

apparently all as in Ch. plicatus.

Skull about the size of that of Ch. plicatus, but much

lower and flatter, the upper profile almost straight instead of

being strongly sinuate. ‘T'eeth as in the Indian species.

Dimensions of the type (measured on the spirit-speci-

men) :—

Forearm 46 mm. (47 in second specimen).

Head and body 68; tail 37°55 ear 21; third finger, meta-

carpus 47°5, first phalanx 20, second phalanx 21; fifth

finger, metacarpus 27, first phalanx 15; lower leg and hind

foot (c. u.) 24.

Skull: condylo-basal length 18°6 ; mastoid breadth 11:5 ;

front of canine to back of m* 7°7.

Hab. Zaria Province, Northern Nigeria.

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 11. 3.22.1. Collected

and presented by A. C. Francis, Esq. Two specimens.

This bat is no doubt most closely allied to the Abyssinian

Ch. bivittatus, Heugl., a species we have not got, but which

is said to be almost identical with the Indian Ch. plicatus.

Heuglin’s bat has, however, a pale under surface, which

would distinguish it from Ch. nigeria, whether it proves to

have the high brain-ease of Ch. plicatus or the more flattened

one of the present species.

The Generic Position of two large Shrews.

At the instance of Mr, E. Heller I have again carefully

considered the question of the generic position of the two

giant African shrews described by me as Crotdura goliath

and Sylvisorex somerent, and have come to the conclusion

that they might each form the basis of a special genus, on

the characters described below.

320 Mr. O. Thomas on

Crocidura goliath.

This shrew is distinguished externally from all its allies

by the characters of the fur, which, instead of being close,

velvety, and practically all of one sort, as is the case with all

Crocidure, is long, loose, coarse, and composed of two sorts

of hair, an underfur and a number of elongated bristles

double the length of the underfur. In fact the fur is more

like that of a rat than a shrew. No approximation to the

condition in C. goliath is shown by any of the large number

of species of Crocidura.

In the skull most of the characters are those ordinarily

correlated with the unusually large size of the animal, such

as the great development of the cranial ridges and the

roughening of the surface of the bones. In the pterygoid

region, however, there is a peculiarity distinctive of

C. goliath—namely, that there is practically none of the

inflation and broadening of the pterygoids so marked in

typical Crocidura, the ectopterygoids being scarcely percep-

tible and the entopterygoids being mere thin vertical plates

parallel with each other, and with the hamular processes set

symmetrically at their tips instead of converging inwards

over the mesopterygoid fossa. As a result of the reduction

in the dilation of the pterygoids, the whole pterygoid region

is much narrower, as may be gauged by the fact that the

distance between the notches at the inner ends of the glenoid

processes of the two sides is little more than the breadth of

either of the glenoid processes themselves, while in Crocidura

this distance is nearly twice the breadth of each glenoid

process.

This character of the breadth between the glenoid notches

will readily separate C. goliath from any members of Croci-

dura, even where, as is the case in certain large African

species, the inflation of the pterygoids is not so marked as it

is in the small and more typieal species, such as C. russula

and C. leucodon. On the other hand, some of the large

Indian species of Pachyura have the pterygoid region more

like that of C. goliath, but these are of course distinguished

by their greater number of teeth,

As a generic name for C. goliath I would suggest Presorex.

Sylvisorex somereni,

The moment that Presorex goliath is removed from the

genus Crocidura the reasons which induced me, though with

much hesitation, to include in the genus Sylvisorex the

remarkable species described under the above name fall to the

——

~-? as

African Bats and Shrews. 321

ground. For Van Someren’s shrew shows certain analogies

with P, goliath, and I argued that if Croctdura could vary

so widely as to include goliath, a similar variation should be

allowed in Sylvisorexr, large as is the gap between somerent

and the other species. I therefore now propose to create a

genus, to be called Scutdsorev, for S. somerent, the chief

characters of which would be the long thick fur, quite

different from the short velvety coat of Sylvisorer, and the

great development of the cranial ridges, as compared with the

practically smooth unridged skull of Sylvisorex. ‘he struc-

ture of the pterygoid region is as in Crocidura, not as in

pa Ss ?

Presorex.

Sylvisorex ollula, sp. n.

A large species, with narrow elongated skull.

Size larger than in any known species of Sylvisorea, after

the removal of Scutisorea somerent from the genus. Form

slender, Fur soft, velvety ; hairs of back about 5 mm. in

length. General colour above dark slaty grey, slightly

browner and darker than Ridgway’s “ mouse-grey.” Under

surface rather paler, the belly inconspicuously tinged with

bistre. Ears unusually large, their vertical height from the

outer base appearing much greater than in other species.

Hands and feet brownish white. Tail rather shorter than

the body without the head, slender, finely scaled, uniformly

dark grey.

Skull in general shape like that of S. /unaris, but much

larger ; the brain-case high, narrow, not flattened, the muzzle

long and slender. A slight sagittal and well-marked lamb-

doidal crests present, though the specimen is by no means old.

Third unicuspid rather larger than second, fourth nearly

equal to second in height, and about two-thirds its area, not

crowded or out of line, a space between it and the large

premolar,

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :—

Head and body 100 mm.; tail 57; hind foot 16; ear 12.

Skull: condylo-incisive length 24°6 ; condylo-basal length

23°8; breadth across brain-case 11; front of i* to back of

m* 11-1.

Hab. Bitye, Ja River, 8.E. Cameroons. Alt. 2000’.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 13. 2.8.5. Collected 6th

August, 1912, by Mr. G. L. Bates.

This shrew is readily distinguishable from any other

Sylvisorex by its large size. The skull of the next largest

species, S. dunaris, from Ruwenzori, is only 22 mm. in

condylo-basal length.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xi, 22

322 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

XXXVIII.—Descriptions of new Species of Pyralide of the

Subfamily Pyraustiue. By Sir Guorcr I. Hampson,

Bart., F.Z.8., &e.

[Continued from vol, x. p. 573. ]

(2a) Cliniodes seriopunctalis, sp. n.

Margaronia innotata, Druce, Biol, Centr.-Am., Het. ii. p, 228 (part.),

¢. Head, thorax, and abdomen white, the head and legs

tinged with rufous. Fore wing silvery white; the costa

tinged with rufous ; subterminal and terminal series of black

points. Hind wing semihyaline white.

Hab. Costa Rica, Rio Sucio (Rogers), 1 g type. Exp.

o2 mm.

(1a) *Heortia polyplagals, sp. n.

3. Differs from H. dominalis in the fore wing having only

a slight trace of orange at base of inner area; a yellow

lunulate spot on each side of discocellulars ; a broad pale

yellow subterminal patch between veins 7 and 4 and a small

quadrate spot further from termen above vein 1.

Hab. Cress, Palos B., Tawaya (Doherty). Hap. 50mm,

Type in Coll. Rothschild.

(la) Lepyrodes lacustrinalis, sp. un.

(Fore legs wanting) ; fore and hind wings normal.

¢. Head and thorax pale brown; palpi white in front and

at tips; sides of frons with white streaks; vertex of head

white ; tegule and patagia with white fascia on outer edge ;

pectus and base of legs white, the tibize and tarsi tinged with

fuscous ; abdomen dorsally pale brown, with series of white

spots, the ventral surface white, with black segmental bands,

anal tuft black. Fore wing pale brown with fuscous-edged

white markings ; a narrow band close to base ; a subbasal

band from below costa to inner margia ; an antemedial band

from below costa to inner margin, its inner edge slightly

angled outwards on median nervure ; two bars in end of cell

enclosing a round brown spot between them, the outer bar

confluent with a quadrate patch from cell to vein 1; an

oblique, rather irregular, wedge-shaped postmedial patch

from below costa to vein 4; an oblique conical patch from

beyond lower angle of cell to near tornus; a bar from below

costa towards apex to vein 5 and a subterminal band from

a et it ees

es”

ime

Species of Pyralidee. 323

vein 5 to below 3; cilia whitish, with a fine dark line near

base. Hind wing white, with pale brown markings edged

with fuscous; an irregular discoidal spot; a postmedial

irregwar N-shaped band, bent outwards between veins 5 and

2, where it is connected with the terminal band, then re-

tracted to lower angle of cell, then oblique, expanding into

a triangular mark below vein 2 and ending in a curved

blackish line at tornus; a terminal band expanding into a

patch at apex and narrowing to a point at tornus ; cilia

blackish at base, white at tips.

Hab. New Guoreia (Meek), 1 g type. Exp. 32 mm.

(2a) Analyta nigriflavalis, sp. n.

3. Head, thorax, and abdomen pale yellow ; palpi with

black patch at side of second joint; tegulz, shoulders,

patagia, pro- and metathorax with black patches ; fore tibiz

with black band ; abdomen witli black dorsal patch on second

and third segments aud the anal tuft black. Fore wing pale

yellow; asmall black spot at base of costa ;~a rather diffused

double black subbasal band; an indistinct orange-yellow

spot in end of cell, discoidal bar, and obscure spat below

middle of cell ; a postmedial black patch from costa to discal

fold, then a line bent outwards and waved between veins 5

and 2, with slight streaks before it on the veins, their basal

ends connected by a diffused band, with a line from it to

inner margin and an elongate patch beyond the line above

inner margin ; an obscure orange subterminal line oblique

below apex, angled inwards at vein 5, then bent outwards

and waved. Hind wing pale yellow; an orange-ycllow

discoidal spot; a postmedial blackish line from costa to

discal fold and an oblique line from below angle of cell to

above toruus; a black subterminal patch from costa, along

which it is bent inwards, to discal fold, with some orange-

yellow suffusion below it and a blackish striga from sub-

median fold to vein 1; cilia with an orange-yellow line near

base and white tips.

Hab. Li. Nicerta (Sampson),1 g type. Exp. 26 mm.

(5a) Leucinodes melanoleuca, sp. n.

6. Head, thorax, and abdomen white irrorated with some

black scales, especially on abdomen except at base ; palpi

above and sides of frons black ; pectus, legs, and ventral

surface of abdomen white, the fore tibiz black. Fore wing

white, semibyaline except the marginal areas, which are

irrorated with a few black scales; the base largely irrorated

22*

324 Sir. G. F. Hampson on new

with black and with two indistinct waved black subbasal

lines; a discoidal spot defined by a few black scales, its upper

part filled in with pale red-brown and with a pale red-brown

spot above it below costa ; postmedial line represented by a

slight brown mark from costa, a curved series of black points

on veins 7, 4, 3, 1, and a bar from vein 6 to below 5, with

some black irroration just beyond the bar and on termen and

above inner margin before termen. Hind wing white, semi-

hyaline except the terminal area; some black at base ; a pale

brownish discoidal spot defined by some black scales and

dilated below; two striz of black scales on inner area

towards tornus ; ; a diffused postmedial black spot below

costa, followed by minute pale brown and black spots to

vein 3, and a larger spot below vein 2; a subterminal pale

brown and black shade from below costa to vein 3 anda

diffused mark towards tornus ; a series of black points and

striz on termen ; cilia with dark line at middle to vein 4,

where the tips are dark.

Hab. Peru, Cerro de Pasco, Huancahamba, 1 ¢ type.

Exp. 34 mm.

(3a) Sameodes microspilalis, sp. nu.

2. Yellow-brown ; palpi white at base; pectus brown

mixed with grey; abdomen with white segmental lines.

Fore wing with small hyaline spots defined by black ; two

obliquely placed antemedial spots in and below cell ; medial

spots in and below cell usually with a small elongate spot

between them above base of vein 2 ; small spots beyond the

cell above and below vein 6, with others rather nearer termen

above and below vein 7 and below veins 5 and 43; some

shght black and whitish streaks on costa towards apex ; a

fine punctiform black terminal line; cilia whitish tinged

with fuscous except at base. Hind wing slightly tinged with

fuscous towards termen, with hyaline white markings defined

by black; the base white, with black line on its outer edge ;

an oblique medial band from subcostal nervure to vein 1; a

spot beyond the cell defined by black on inner side; a black

postmedial line with series of small white spots on its outer

edge, oblique from below costa to vein 5, excurved to vein 2,

then retracted to outer edge of the medial band; a black

terminal line ; cilia white, with a black line through them.

Underside of both wings grey irrorated with fuscous.

Hab. Masnonatann, Salisbury (Marshall), 3 9 type.

Eap. 22 mm.

Species of Pyralide. 325

(6a) Sameodes argentifera, sp. n.

@. Head and thorax yellow tinged with rufous, the

dorsum of thorax tinged with brown ; abdomen ochreous

white, with dorsal brown bands except on basal segments,

the ventral surface with brown band before the anal tuft.

Fore wing yellow suffused with blood-red, leaving a yellow

point at base of costa, a subbasal spot on median nervure,

antemedial streak in submedian fold, a spot in end of cell,

and spots on termen below apex and middle ; subbasal black

streaks on costa and in cell; the scale-tooth on inner margin

tipped with black; an oblique antemedial series of black and

silver spots, bent inwards to costa; small black and silver

spots at and beyond upper and lower angles of cell, with a

small spot above them below the costa; a postmedial series

of black and silver spots oblique from costa to vein 7, then

inwardly oblique, and the spot in submedian interspace

displaced towards base; two silvery streaks below apex,

points just before termen above and below vein 5, a small

spot above vein 2 and spot at tornus ; cilia yellow tinged

with red. Hind wing yellowish suffused with fuscous brown ;

cilia pale yellow, with a slight dark line at middle towards

tornus. Underside of fore wing fuscous, the cell at hase, a

spot in its extremity and the area below it, the costa towards

apex, and the terminal area except below apex yellow ; hind

wing fuscous, with the costal area yellow to beyond middle.

Hab. QueEenstanp, Kuranda (Dodd), 1 ¢ type. Hap.

16 mm.

(6b) Sameodes flavispila, sp. n.

3g. Head and thorax pale crimson-red, the pectus and

abdomen fulvous yellow. Fore wing crimson-red; a large

round pale yellow patch, defined by deeper red on medial

area from middle of cell to inner margin, and a similar

smaller patch beyond the cell between veins 8 and 4. Hind

wing pale fulvous yellow.

Hab. N. Nicrria (Dudgeon), 1 g type. Exp. 14 mm.

(7 a) Sameodes rufiscripta, sp. n.

3. Head and thorax yellow suffused with rufous ; palpi

deep rufous, white below ; pectus and legs white, the fore

legs and mid femora suffused with rufous ; abdomen yellow,

the ventral surface white. Fore wing yellow, the costal area

and inner margin bright rufous; antemedial line rufous,

326 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

oblique to vein 1, then incurved ; a rufous spot in middle of

cell and oblique discoidal bar; postmedial line brown, crenu-

late, bent outwards below vein 5, then oblique and ending at

vein 2; a rufous terminal hne. Hind wing yellow; post-

medial line pale brown, slightly angled outwards below

vein 5, then slightly waved to vein 2, where it is bent inwards

to below end of cell, and not reaching inner margin ; a rufous

terminal line.

Hab. Perv, Cerro del Pasco, Huancabamba, 1 ¢ type.

Exp. 32 mm.

(8b) Sameodes brunneoflavalis, sp. u.

6. Fulvous brown; palpi and frous darker; tegulz

blackish at sides and extremity, tarsi banded black and

white ; abdomen with dorsal series of dark points, the third

segment with subdorsal points. Fore wing with the costal

area fuscous, irrorated with grey to beyond middle; the

antemedial line oblique and sinuous; large grey-centred

spots in middle of cell and on discocellulars and a smaller

spot below middle of cell; the postmedial line crenulate,

excurved between veins 5 and 2, where it is retracted to

below end of cell, then somewhat excurved again; the

terminal area greyish fuscous, narrower at middle; a pale

hue at base of cilia. Hind wing with blackish discoidal bar ;

the postmedial line minutely waved, bent outwards between

veins 5 and 2, then retracted to below end of cell ; a termimal

greyish-fuscous band, expanding on apical area and with

waved inner edge; a black terminal line and a fine line at

base of cilia.

2 much yellower.

Hab. Jamaica, Neweastle. Exp. 40 mm. Types in Coll:

Rothschild and B:M.

(8 c) Sameodes citrostictalis, sp: ui.

go. Head and thorax red-brown mixed with some pale

yellow; abdomen red-brown, with pale yellow segmental

bands ; palpi at base, pectus, legs, and ventral surface of

abdomen white ; fore legs brown in front, with pale band at

end of tibiae. Fore wing red-brown; two small pale yellow

spots in cell, a spot below cell, and two small spots below

vein 1; a round brown spot in middle of cell, followed by an

oblong yellow spot and brown discoidal lunule with shght

pale centre ; an oblong yellow spot below middle of cell and

small spot above base of vein 2; two small postmedial spots

Species of Pyvalidee. 327

above veins 7, 6, five rather wedge-shaped spots nearer the

cell between veins 7 and 2, and a small spot below end of

cell below vein 2, with traces of three small spots beyond

them between veins 5 and 2; a fine yellow line at base of

cilia. Hind wing pale yellow; a brown discoidal bar ; post-

medial line sinuous, bent outwards between veins 5 and 2,

then retracted to lower angle of cell and not quite reaching

inner margin; a terminal brown band narrowing to tornus,

with three small yellow spots near its inner edge between

veins 5 and 2; cilia chequered yellow and brown.

Hab, Bouvia, 1 g type. Ezp. 34mm,

(8d) Sameodes diopalis, sp. n.

é&. Head and thorax pale ochreous mixed with brown ;

palpi brown except at base; brown bars on frons ard

between antenne; pectus and legs white, the fore legs

tinged with brown; abdomen white, dorsally tinged with

ochreous brown. Fore wing ochreous yellow ; the costal

area brown ; asomewhat diffused brown subbasal line; ante-

medial line brown, oblique to submedian fold, then erect,

with some brown beyond it above vein 1 and somewhat

annulate mark below it; a brown annulus in middle of cell

and quadrate spot with ochreous bar on it on discocellulars ;

postmediai line brown, waved, excurved between veins 6 and 2,

then retracted to below end of cell and erect to inner margin,

the area beyond it brown, with small round ochreous spots

above and below vein 7 and between veins 5 and 2; cilia

chequered brown and ochreous. Hind wing semihyaline

ochreous white; a brown discoidal bar and sinuous line

from just beyond lower angle of cell to vein 1; a waved

postmedial line, incurved at discal fold and ending on termen

at vein 2; a lunulate terminal line expanding into a patch

at apex; cilia white, chequered with brown trom apex to

vein 2.

Hab. Jamaica, Castleton (Kaye), 1 6; Br. Gutana,

Potaro R. (Kaye), 1 ¢ type. Hap. 34 mm.

(8e) Sameodes subcostalis, sp. n.

Fore wing of male with the basal part of costa slightly

dilated and with a slight groove below it, the apex produced.

Head and thorax ochreous yellow, the head and teguli

suffused with red-brown ; palpi white except at tips; pectus

and legs white, the fore legs suffused with brown ; abdomen

ochreous suffused with brown, the ventral surface white.

Fore wing yellow ; the costal area tinged with red-brown ; a

328 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

slight waved brown subbasal line and curved antemedial line ;

a brown annulus in middle of cell and quadrate discoidal

patch with yellow bar in centre; postmedial line brown,

slightly incurved below vein 7, then miuutely waved, at

vein 2 retracted to below angle of cell, with which it is

connected by a small brown spot, then oblique to inner

margin and slightly excurved at vein 1, the area beyond it

reddish brown, with a series of small yellow spots between

veins 8 and 2 just beyond the line, the spot at discal fold

obsolescent; a punctiform whitish line at base of cilia. Hind

wing semihyaline yellow ; a pale brown discoidal bar ; post-

medial line pale brown, bent outwards and waved between

veins 5 and 2, where it is connected with the brown terminal

band, narrowing to a poiut above tornus; cilia white,

chequered with brownish from apex to vein 2.

Hab. U.S.A., California, Colusa Co. (Walsingham), 4 3,

4 2 type; Shasta Co. (Walsingham), 2 6. Eap., & 38,

9 382.mm.

(8i) Sameodes citronalis, sp. n.

9. Head and thorax ochreous white mixed with brown ;

palpi white, brown towards tips; pectus and legs white;

abdomen white, dorsally suffused with greyish fuscous. Fore

wing lemon-yellow, the base and costal area brownish grey ;

antemedial line brown, oblique from costal area to submedian

fold, then erect, a brown-defined spot beyond it below vein 1 ;

a brown annulus in middle of cell and small brown spot

above vein 1 ; a lunulate brown discoidal patch with some

ochreous in centre ; postmedial line brown, incurved below

costa, then sinuous, excurved between veins 6 and 2, then

retracted to below end of cell; terminal area grey-brown,

with yellow spots just beyond the postmedial line above and

below vein 7 and small spots between veins 5 and 2. Hind

wing semihyaline white, the terminal half suffused with

lemon-yellow ; a small brown spot at lower angle of cell;

postmedial line brown, bent outwards and waved between

veins 5 and 2; a brown terminal band, narrowing to a line

below submedian fold ; cilia brownish, with a pale line near

base from apex to vein 2, then white, with some brown striz

near base.

Hab. Mexico, Oaxaca (Schaus),1 2 type. LHrp. 34 mm,

(8k) Sameodes griseicincta, sp. n.

Sciorista orolalis, Druce, Biol. Centr.-Am., Het. ii, p. 212 (nec Guen.).

Head and thorax red-brown tinged with grey; palpi

Species of Pyralide. 329

white, brown towards tips; pectus and legs white, the fore

tibise brown in front ; abdomen reddish brown, the ventral

surface white. Fore wing yellow irrorated with brown, the

basal and costal areas pale brown; antemedial line brown,

oblique from the costal area to submedian fold, then erect ;

rounded brown spots in and below middle of cell, a quadrate

discoidal patch, and minute spots beyond and below the

lower angle of cell; postmedial line brown, dentate, at

vein 2 retracted to below angle of cell; terminal area leaden-

grey, its inner edge brown and slightly bent inwards at

vein 2, leaving a series of yellow spots just beyond the post-

medial line from below costa to vein 2; cilia brownish grey

with an ochreous-white line at base. Hind wing pale semi-

hyaline yellow; a brown discoidal lunule ; postmedial line

eat, brown, bent outwards and dentate between veins 5

and 2 2, where there is some brown irroration before it;

terminal area leaden-grey with brown inner edge, not quite

reaching tornus ; cilia white, with slight brownish spots at

base.

Hab. Mexico, Jalapa (Trwillo), 1 9; GuaTemata, El

Tumbador (Champion), 1 9; Cosra Rica, Irazu (Rogers),

23,1 2, Caché (Rogers), 1 3, R. Sucio (Rogers), 1 3,

1 2, Godman-Salvin Coll. ; CotomsBia, Popayan (Lehmann),

1 g type. Exp. 26-36 mm.

(8 0) Sameodes flavibaccata, sp. n.

Samea phyllisalis, Druce, Biol. Centr.-Am., Het. ii. p. 555 (nec W1k.).

6. Head and thorax dark brown mixed with some

greyish ; palpi yellowish white, brown at tips; pectus and

legs yellow ish white suffused ih brown ; Fagan brown,

ventrally whitish. Fore wing yellowish white, the basal and

costal areas suffused with dark brown ; antemedial line dark

brown, oblique to median nervure, then erect, a brown patch

beyond it on inner area conjoined to a spot below the cell ;

a rounded brown spot in middle of cell and quadrate dis-

coidal patch; postmedial line brown, sinuous, excurved

between veins 6 and 2, then retracted to below end of cell ;

terminal area leaden-grey suffused with dark brown towards

inner edge and leaving small yellow spots just beyond the

postmedial line above and below vein 7 and between veins 5

and 2; a fine dark terminal line ; cilia chequered white and

brown. Hind wing yellowish white; a slight brown streak

below base of celi ; a black-brown discoidal bar ; postmedial

line incurved at discal fold, excurved between veins 5 and 2,

then retracted to below angle of cell and oblique to above

330 Sir G, F. Hampson on new

tornus ; terminal area leaden-grey suffused with dark brown

towards its inner edge and leaving a yellow band just beyond

the postmedial line from below costa to vein 2; a black

terminal line ; cilia chequered white and blackish.

2. Wings much yellower, the terminal area black-brown

with a purple gloss.

Hab. Guatemata (Sadler), 1 $ type, Sabo (Champion),

1 @, V.de Atitlan (Champion), 1 9, Zapote (Champion),

1 2; Costa Rica, Candelaria Mts. (Underwood), 1 3, God-

man-Salvin Coll. ; Panama, La Chorrera (Dolby-Tyler),2 3,

1] 2, Taboga I. (J. J. Walker), 1 9; Braztt, Para (Trum-

bill), 1 3, Manaos (TJrumdill), 1 9. Hep. 18-26 mm.

(9a) Sameodes stictoperalis, sp. n.

&. Head and thorax dark brown mixed with fiery red and

yellow ; palpi white at base; antenne white ringed with

brown on basal half; abdomen dark brown and red on

dorsum, white at base ; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of

abdomen white, the fore tibiz banded with red. Fore wing

semihyaline yellow with slight fuscous irroration ; the costa

dark brown mixed with fiery red, expanding at base to inner

margin, at middle of cell into a triangular spot, at end of

cell into a discoidal lunule, and at apex into a large semi-

circular patch extending to vein 5, with waved inner edge

and with red-edged yellow spots on it below veins 8, 7, 6;

traces of an antemedial line strongly excurved above inner

margin and of an oblique waved postmedial line; small

brown and red spots on termen at veins 4, 3, 1 and a larger

spot at vein 2. Hind wing semihyaline yellow with slight

fuscous irroration ; a faint spot at upper angle of cell and

black point at lower angle; traces of an irregularly waved

postmedial line ; a fiery red and brown patch at apex, small

terminal spots at veins 5, 4, 3 and larger spots at vein 2

and tornus.

Hab. Prxv, Huancabamba, 2 ¢ type. Hxp. 36 mm.

(lla) Sameodes furvipicta, sp. n.

¢$. Head and tegule brownish ochreous ; thorax and

abdomen pale grey-brown, the latter whitish at extremity ;

palpi blackish above and white below, the tips yellow ; pectus,

legs, and ventral surface of abdomen white, the fore legs

tinged with brown. Fore wing grey-brown with a leaden

gloss; the base of costal and inner areas fulvous red; the

costa pale yellow; un antemedial white spot defined by

Species of Pyralide. 331

fulvous red from costa to below the cell ; a medial white

band defined by fulvous red from costa to above inner margin,

formed by two spots separated by a red streak on median

nervure; a postmedial white spot defined by fulvous red

from costal area to vein 3; the términal area yellow except

at apex and expanding between veins 6 and 2. Hind wing

with the basal half fulvous red ; a large hyaline white patch

beyond the cell and an oblique spot below end of cell; a

dark postmedial band tinged with leaden-grey ; the terminal

area yellow, narrowing to tornus ; the inner margin yellow.

Hab. Dutcu N. Guinea, Snow Mts., Up. Setekwa R.

(Meek), 1 3 type. Exp. 22 mm.

(15 a) Sameodes roseocinctalis, sp: n.

&. Head white; palpi and antenne fulvous; thorax

yellow suffused with pink ; pectus rufous; legs black, the

tarsi white; abdomen yellows Fore wing pale yellow; the

costal area pink; the terminal area pink, rather broad at

apex, narrowing to a point at tornus. Hind wing ochreous

white. Underside of fore wing with the costa black irro-

rated with white to towards apex ; hind wing with the costal

area tinged with pink, the base of costa white irrorated with

black.

Hab, Care Cotony, Rosmead (S. Juby), 1 g type. zp.

22 mm.

(5 a) Thliptoceras xanthocraspia, sp. i.

9. Head, thorax, and abdomen yellowish white mixed

with some reddish brown ; pectus, legs, and ventral surface

of abdomen white. Fore wing pale yellow suffused with

reddish brown and dark brown, the apex and termen yellow;

a triangular yellow patch from middle of costa to just below

the cell ; an indistinct dark postmedial line, excurved from

below costa to vein 3, then retracted to lower angle of cell.

Hind wing yellowish white faintly tinged with brown.

Hab. Transvast, White R, (Cooke), 1 ¢ type; Narat,

Victoria Distr. (Gooch),2 9. Lzxp. 16mm.

(3a) Archernis albicostalis, sp. n.

Palpi with the third joint very long; fore wing with the

termen excurved at middle, then excised.

2. Head white; palpi with some dark scales on second

joint above ; thorax pale brown, whitish in front; abdomen

pale brown; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen

332 SirG. F. Hampson on new

white. Fore wing pale brown, the costal area white to near

apex ; a quadrate white spot in end of cell conjoined to the

costal area; cilia white at base. Hind wing pale brown, the

costal area white to near apex; cilia whitish at base.

Underside of both wings white.

Hab. Borneo, Sandakan (Pryer),1 2? type. Eap.28mm.

(11) Archernis fulvalis, sp. n.

6. Head and thorax fulvous yellow ; pectus, legs, and

abdomen yellowish white. Fore wiug pale fulvous yellow ;

traces of an oblique, waved, rufous antemedial line from sub-

costal nervure to submedian fold, with more prominent spot

below the cell ; a brown discoidal spot ; traces of a waved

postmedial line, incurved from below costa to vein 5, ex-

curved to vein 2, then retracted to below end of cell and

oblique to inner margin. Hind wing pale yellow; the

underside with slight brown point on upper discocellular, a

postmedial series of brown points incurved from below costa

to vein 5, excurved to vein 3, then retracted to below angle

of cell.

Hab. Society Is. (J. J. Walker), 1 8 type. Hap. 28 mm.

(1a) Megastes meridionalis, sp. n.

&. Head and thorax pale ochreous mixed with red-brown ;

abdomen brown with some whitish at base of dorsum. Fore

wing whitish, the basal area except towards inner margin,

the costal area, and the terminal area suffused with pale

reddish brown ; some dark brown at base and on outer part

of the basal brownish area; antemedial line black-brown,

oblique and sinuous to median nervure, then incurved, an

elongate brown spot beyond it in submedian fold, and a

brown-defined spot below vein 1; a round brown spot in

middle of cell and diffused discoidal patch ; postmedial line

brown, obliquely excurved from costa to vein 6, incurved at

discal fold, excurved and waved between veins 5 and 2, then

retracted to below end of cell and oblique to inner margin,

small brown spots in its sinus between veins 5 and 3, defined

on outer side by a maculate whitish band, with slight dark

marks on its outer edge and with some whitish before it in

the sinus. Hind wing semihyaline white; a small brown

discoidal spot ; postmedial line maculate from costa to discal

fold, then slight and bent outwards between veins 5 and 2,

where it terminates; some brownish on termen from apex

to vein 3.

Hab. Axcentina, La Plata, 1 g type. Ezp. 34 mm.

Spestes of Pyralide. 333

(le) Megastes brunnealis, sp. n.

?. Head and thorax grey-brown mixed with rufous ;

palpi, pectus, and legs grey-brown ; abdomen grey-brown,

with some rufous at base of dorsum. Fore wing rufous

slightly suffused with brown, the basal area except towards

inner margin, costal area, and the terminal area grey-brown ;

antemedial line fuscous, waved; brown annuli in and below

middle of cell, a quadrate discoidal patch, and some dark

suffusion beyond lower angle of cell; postmedial line dentate,

oblique to vein 6, at vein 2 retracted to below angle of cell

and oblique to inner margin, a series of hyaline lunulate

spots beyond it from below costa to vein 2 and beyond the

retracted portion; the dark terminal area expanding widely

on innerarea. Hind wing semilhyaline white tinged in parts

with brown; brown points at middle of discocellulars and

lower angle of cell; postmedial line brown, waved, bent

outwards between veins 5 and 2, then retracted to below

angle of cell and oblique to tornus, the area beyond it

brown, leaving a lunulate hyaline band beyond the line.

Hab. Jamaica, Prattville, 1 9 type. Hap. 52 mm.

(1d) Megastes septentrionis, sp. n.

Megastes praviteles, Druce, Biol. Centr.-Am., Het. ii. p. 215 (part.).

Head, thorax, and abdomen ochreous mixed with red-

brown. Fore wing ochreous, the basal and costal areas

suffused with reddish brown; antemedial line brown, ex-

curved below the cell and slightly angled inwards at vein 1,

brown annuli beyond it in and below cell, and a brown-

defined mark below vein 1; a large quadrate brown discoidal

patch ; postmedial line brown, obliquely incurved from costa

to vein 5, slightly bent outwards and waved to vein 2, then

retracted to lower angle of cell, and oblique and sinuous to

inner margin, a series of spots beyond it defined by a waved

brown subterminal line from costa to vein 2 and a brown

mark below vein 2; a slight brown terminal line. Hind

wing ochreous ; a subbasal brown bar below the cell; an

antemedial line from cell to inner margin ; an ochreous

discoidal lunule defined by brown ; postmedial line brown,

oblique and slightly waved to vein 6, bent outwards and

‘waved between veins 5 and 2, then retracted to lower angle

of cell and oblique to above tornus, a series of spots beyond

it defined by an irregularly waved subterminal line; a brown

terminal line,

334 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

Hab. Mexico, Jalapa (Trwillo), 1 g; Guatematra, Las

Mercedes (Champion), 1 9 type, Godman-Salvin Coll. Eup ,

3 42, 9 48 mm.

(5) Omphisa caustalis, sp. n.

Antenne of male laminate.

¢. Head rufous mixed with whitish ; palpi white at base;

thorax Geep red-brown with whitish spots on pro- and meta-

thorax ; pectus and legs white, the fore tibiz with fuscous

band at extremity ; abdomen rufous, with dorsal series of

small pure white spots, the basal segment with two spots,

the penultimate with three, the ventral surface white except

at extremity. Fore wing deep rufous, the costal area except

at base and the terminal area whitish tinged with rufous ;

an indistinct, curved, red-brown, antemedial line, dened by

whitish on inner side except towards inner margin ; a small

hyaline spot towards extremity of cell; postimedial line

brown, waved, incurved at discal fold, below vein 3 retracted

to lower angle of cell, then oblique, with large, irregular,

whitish patch before it beyond lower end of cell and small

spots beyond it between veins 8 and 3 defined by brown, the

spot below vein 7 larger, below vein 2 defined by yellowish

on outer side and with slight yellowish mark on inner side ;

a slightly waved brown terminal line. Hind wing whitish

tinged and irrorated with rufous, leaving the base and a

medial band whiter; an oblique deep brown line before the

medial band from the discoidal spot to near tornus; post-

medial line bent outwards and minutely waved between

veins 5 and 2, then retracted towar:ls lower angle of cell,

defined by white on outer side towards costa and with small

brown-edged spots beyond it between veins 5 and 2; a

slightly waved brown terminal line ; cilia white tinged with

rufous, intersected by rufous and with rufous patch towards

tornus. Underside white; fore wing with small fuscous

annuli in cell and on discocellulars, the postmedial line

represented by incomplete fuscous annuli; hind wing with

fuscous discoidal annulus and maculate, postmedial, irregular

line.

Hab. Ucanpa, Ketoma (Doggett), 1 g type. Hap.

32 mm.

Genus PyrALAUSTA, nov.

Proboscis well developed ; palpi porrect, the second joint

extending about twice the length of head and fringed with

long hair below, produced to a point in front, the third long,

Species of Pyralide. 335

naked, acuminate; maxillary palpi triangularly scaled ;

frons with tuft of hair; antennz of female ciliated ; tibiz

with all the spurs long. Fore wing triangular; veins 3 and

5 from near angle of cell; 6 from below upper angle;

7 straight and well separated from 8, 9; 10, 11 from cell.

Hind wing with veins 3, 4, 5 from angle of cell; 6, 7 from

upper angle ; 8 anastomosing with 7 to two-thirds of wing.

Pyralausta bivialis, sp. n.

?. Pale cupreous brown; palpi white at base; pectus,

mid and hind legs, and ventral surface of abdomen white.

Fore wing with oblique white antemedial band from sub-

costal nervure to inner margin, defined by a brown line on

outer side ; a white discoidal lunule; an oblique white post-

medial band from just below costa to inner margin, defined

by a brown line on inner side and slightly excurved at

middle ; a terminal series of fuscous points. Hind wing

whitish suffused with cupreous brown, especially towards

termen ; an oblique whitish postmedial band, defined on

inner side by a shght brown line; a slight fuscous termina]

. line.

Hab. Borneo, Sarawak (Wallace), 2 2 type. Exp,

22 mm.

(6a) Evergestis canalesialis, sp. n.

Head and thorax black mixed with grey and white ; palpi

white at base; sides of frons white; abdomen black irrorated

with whitish and with white segmental lines, the ventral

surface greyer. Fore wing black irrorated with ochreous

white ; slight white marks at base of cell ; antemedial line

white, slightly angled inwards at submedian fold ; medial

line white, slightly angled outwards in cell and inwards

at vein 1 ; two more or less distinct white discoidal points ;

postmedial line white, oblique from vein 5 to submedian

fold, then outwardly oblique ; subterminal lie white, oblique

towards costa, angled inwards and more or less obsolescent

at discal fold, excurved at middle, and interrupted at sub-

median fold; cilia chequered black and white and with a

black line near base. Hind wing blackish, the costal area

whitish to beyond middle; postmedial line white, slightly

excurved at vein 5 and ending at submedian fold; a sub-

terminal white bar between veins 4 and 2 ; cilia chequered

blackish and white and with a blackish line near base; the

underside with some white in, below, and beyond the cell, a

black discoidal lunule, the postmedial line continued to inner

336 Sir G, F. Hampson on new

margin and angled inwards at discal and submedian folds,

some white marks just before termen.

Hab. Spratn, Castille, Canales (Chapman), 2 3,2 ¢ type.

Exp. 20 mm.

(3 a) Ischnurges rhodographalis, sp. n.

Head and thorax ochreous suffused with pink; legs

whitish ; abdomen ochreous dorsally suffused with pink,

irrorated with a few dark scales, and with slight white

segmental lines. Fore wing yellow irrorated with pink ;

the costal area suffused with pink, the costal edge white; a

diffused, erect, pink antemedial line; a dark point in cell

towards extremity and discoidal bar; postmedial line pink,

diffused, slightly curved from costa to vein 3, then bent

inwards te below end of cell and erect to inner margin; the

terminal area suffused with pink, broadly at costa, narrowing

towards tornus ; cilia pale yellow. Hind wing pale yellow ;

a slight curved pink postmedial line from costa to vein 2 ;

the terminal area tinged with pink, broadly at apex, nar-

rowing to a point at vein 1; cilia yellowish white.

Hab. Br. E. Arnica, Eb Urru (Betton), 1 8,1 2 type.

Ezp., 6 20, 2 22 mm.

(9a) Hyalobathra inflammata, sp. un.

9. Head, thorax, and abdomen crimson-red; antennee

tinged with brown. Fore wing crimson-red, the costa

fuscous; antemedial line fuscous, oblique to submedian fold,

then inwardly oblique, a small spot just beyond it in cell and

a discoidal bar ; postmedial line fuscous, dentate and pro-

duced to streaks in the interspaces from costa to vein 2,

below vein 4 bent mwards to below end of cell, then oblique

to inner margin; a terminal line and the cilia fuscous.

Hind wing crimson-red ; a terminal line and the cilia from

apex to vein 2 greyish fuscous, then the cilia whitish.

Hab. Jozi, Ausus (Doherty), 1 2 type. Exp. 38 mm.

(1 a) *Azochis camptozonalis, sp. n.

?. Ochreous white; palpi black towards tips; abdomen

with black dorsal bands on two medial segments. Fore wing

with short subbasal black streak below costa and two spots

above inner margin ; an antemedial line oblique from costa

to vein 1, then bent inwards to inner margin ; a large spot

in middle of cell and an oblique discoidal bar; the post-

medial line thick, very oblique from middle of costa to

li >

Species of Pyralide. 337

vein 5, then excurved to vein 3, where it is- retracted to

lower angle of cell, then very oblique and broad to inner

margin ; short subterminal streaks above veins 6, 7, dentate

spots above veins 3,4, 5, and a spot from above vein 2 to

just above inner margin; cilia pale fulvous, with a series of

black points. Hind wing semihyaline, with black discoidal

spot; a postmedial spot between veins 5 and 6, with an ex-

curved line from its outer edge to vein 3; two subapical

points, a double spot on vein 5 and point below 4, and:a bar

between veins 2 and 1; asmall spot on middle of inner area ;

cilia pale fulvous.

Hab. Ecuapvor, Paramba (Rosenberg). Exp. 42 mm.

Type in Coll. Rothschild,

(5) Azochis cubanalis, sp. n.

6. Head and thorax red-brown mixed with whitish ;

palpi orange, white at base; tegulz with black tips; patagia

with black spots at base and blackish tips; pectus and legs

white, the latter streaked with brownish, the fore tibize with

black band ; abdomen white, with dorsal patch of deep red

suffusion on second to fifth segments, the anal tuft with

fuscous mixed. Fore wing white ; the basal area suffused

with brown, a basal black spot on costa, subbasal spot below

the cell and streak on inner margin, and a patch at middle

of outer edge of the brown area formed of large raised black

scales; a blackish spot in middle of cell and rather quadrate

patch in end of cell connected with a curved patch from

beyond upper angle of cell to below vein 2 below the cell,

with some red-brown above it on costa; traces of a diffused

brownish subterminal line; a lunulate black spot just before

termen above and below vein 5. Hind wing semihyaline ©

white ; a minute black point at lower angle of cell, with

traces of a line from it to a patch of blackish hair above

tornus ; traces of an oblique dark line from vein 6 to termen

at vein 2; three slight blackish marks just before termen

from apex to vein 4.

Hab. Cusa, Baracoa (Schaus), 1 g type. Exp. 30 mm.

(18 a) Crocidophora craspedalis, sp. nu.

2. Head and thorax cchreous tinged with brown ; palpi

brown, white at base; frons with lateral white streaks;

abdomen ochreous, dorsally suffused with brown and with

slight white segmental lines. Fore wing ochreous slightly

irrorated with brown, the costal area suffused with brown,

the terminal area broadly suffused with brown ; an indistinct

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. x. 23

338 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

antemedial dark line excurved below cell ; a dark discoidal

bar; an oblique postmedial line excurved between veins 5

and 2; a terminal series of small black spots; cilia brown,

with fine pale line at base. Hind wing ochreous, the

termen suffused with brown, rather broadly at apex, nar-

rowing to a point at submedian fold ; traces of a postmedial

line between veins 5 and 2; a terminal series of dark points

from apex to vein 2; cilia brownish white, with dark line

near base.

Hab. Sierra Leone (Clements), 2 2 type. Hap. 22-

26 mm.

(4a) Polygrammodes atricosta, sp. nu.

3. Head and thorax ochreous yellow, the head and front

of thorax suffused with black; palpi black ; antenne pale ;

fore legs suffused with black in front ; abdomen ochreous

yellow. Fore wing pale yellow, the costa black to beyond

middle and with some blackish suffusion below it ; traces

of a brownish antemedial line; a black discoidal bar; an in-

distinct fulvous postmedial line with black point below eosta,

bent outwards and slightly waved between veins 5 and 2,

then retracted to below end of cell; an indistinct, waved,

fulvous subterminal line, excurved between veins 5 and 2.

Hind wing pale yellow ; a black discoidal point ; an indistinct

fulvous postmedial line bent outwards between veins 5 and 2,

then retracted to below end of cell and oblique to above

tornus ; a faint, minutely waved, fulvous subterminal line

from costa to vein 2.

Hab. Ampoina (Doherty), 1 g type. Exp. 28 mm.

(13 6) Polygrammodes citrinalis, sp. n.

Antenne of male ciliated, the basal joint with large tooth

on inner side and the base of shaft excised.

6. Head, thorax, and abdomen yellow tinged with rufous ;

antenne brownish, the basal joint white at tip; shoulders

brown ; palpi white below ; legs white, the fore tibiz brown

except at extremity, the mid tibie streaked with brown

above; abdomen with the anal tuft grey-brown, the ventral

surface whitish. Fore wing yellow irrorated with brown,

the costal edge brown; antemedial line brown, oblique to

submedian fold, then erect; orbicular and reniform with

whitish centres defined by brown, the former round, the

latter elliptical ; postmedial line brown, oblique to discal

fold, angled outwards above and below vein 4, then again

oblique; a rather diffused, crenulate, brown subterminal

Species of Pyralide. 339

line, excurved at middle and bent inwards below vein 3; a

brown line near base of cilia. Hind wing yellowish white, a

brown subterminal line, excurved and slightly waved below

vein 5 and ending at vein 2; cilia white, with a brown line

near base.

Hab. Durca N. Guinea, Fak-fak (Pratt), 2 3 type.

Exp. 38-40 mm.

(18 a) Polygrammodes sanguiguttalis, sp. n.

Head and thorax ochreous yellow; palpi deep crimson,

white at base ; sides of frons, tips of tegule, and shoulders

crimson ; pectus and legs whitish, the fore cox, femora, and

tibiz crimson in front; abdomen whitish, dorsally tinged

with ochreous and with crimson lateral stripes. Fore wing

yellow ; the costal area pink to beyond middle ; a subbasal

pink spot below cell; an antemedial spot in cell and another

further from base below the cell; around spot in cell towards

extremity and two small discoidal spots ; the inner margin

pink from middle to tornus; a postmedial series of pink

spots, slightly excurved between veins 5 and 2, then bent

inwards and forming a band from vein 2 to inner margin,

interrupted at vein 1; a subterminal series of small spots

curved from costa to vein 2, then forming an oblique band ;

cilia pink. Hind wing pale yellow.

Hab. Brazit, Castro Paraiia (D. Jones), 1 g; Paraguay,

Sapucay (Foster), 1 2 type. Ezp. 42 mm.

(18 ce) Polygrammodes semirufa, sp. n.

6. Head and thorax bright rufous mixed with some

yellow ; palpi deep rufous, white at base; sides of frons

deep rufous; pectus and legs white, the fore legs dark brown

in front, the tarsi brown and whitish; abdomen yellow

‘suffused with rufous except at base, the ventral surface

white. Fore wing deep rufous on costal area to beyond

middle, on inner area to middle, the rest of wing yellow; a

faint brown antemedial line, oblique from costa to sub-

median fold, then erect; postmedial line brownish, waved,

excurved below costa and dentate between veins 5 and 2,

then retracted to lower angle of cell and origin of vein 2,

and excurved in submedian interspace, with white spots

before it on the rufous area in discal fold and below end of

cell and yellow spots between veins 5 and 2; subterminal

line formed by a series of brown lunules, incurved at discal

and submedian folds ; a series of slight brown marks just

23*

340 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

before termen; cilia with a series of black points at base.

Hind wing yellow, the inner area slightly tinged with rufous ;

a rufous discoidal spot ; postmedial line rufous, arismg below

costa, produced to three teeth enclosing small yellow spots

between veins 5 and 2, then oblique to above tornus ; an

indistinct lunulate subterminal line, incurved at discal fold

and below vein 2; slight brownish spots just before termen

towards apex and tornus ; cilia with series of black points at

base; the underside yellowish white, with dark discoidal

spot and postmedial line.

Hab. Braztt, Sio Paulo (D. Jones), 1 g type. Eup.

46 mm.

(24a) *Polygrammodes ectangulalis, sp. 0.

9. Both wings with the termen excised below apex and

strongly excurved, almost angled, at vein 4.

Head and thorax brown and black, with white marks on

vertex of head and prothorax ; the tegule, patagia, and thorax

with large scales which are blue-black at tips ; pectus and legs

white, the latter pale red-brown above ; abdomen whitish,

pale red-brown with some black at base and extremity, the

medial part mostly black with some brown and whitish

scales, the ventral surface white. Fore wing very pale red-

brown; the basal area suffused with black ; a curved ante-

medial black line ; small red-brown bar-shaped spots with

dark edges in middle of cell and on discocellulars, with a

blackish mark on costa above the latter; traces of a line just

beyond the cell excurved to vein 3, then strongly ineurved

to below end of cell, becoming well marked and angled in

submedian fold; the postmedial line oblique from costa to

vein 5, then curved to tornus, where it develops into a

black spot; a terminal series of black points and a spot

above vein 5; some dark points on cilia and patch at tornus..

Hind wing semihyaline white ; a black discoidal point; the

median nervure and veins at lower angle of cell white; the

postmedial fuscous line much interrupted, obsolete towards

costa, bent outwards between veins 5 and 2, then retracted

to below angle of cell, and ending in a black patch above

tornus ; a terminal black band from apex to vein 4, broad

at costa, and interrupted by the white veins.

Hab. 8. Brazit, Sao Paulo. Hap. 48 mm. Type in

Coll. Rothschild.

<a = &|

Specres of Pyralide, 341

(25 c) Polygrammodes sanguifrons, sp. n.

g. Head and thorax pale yellow, the tegul deep yellow,

the shoulders blood-red ; palpi black, white at base ; sides of

frons blood-red ; antennz ochreous; fore cox and femora

above blood-red, the fore tibiz black, the mid and hind

femoro-tibial joints black, the fore and mid tarsi banded

with blackish ; abdomen pale yellow. Fore wing pale yellow,

the veins and costal area deeper yellow, the costal edge

black to beyond middle; an antemedial pale fuscous point

below the cell and faint fuscous discoidal mark ; postmedial

line pale fuscous, maculate from costa to vein 3, then bent

inwards to vein 2 near its origin, angled outwards above

vein 1 and oblique to inner margin ; a subterminal series

of pale fuscous spots in the interspaces, slightly incurved

at discal fold. Hind wing pale yellow, the termen deeper

yellow ; postmedial line pale fulvous, arising as a spot in

discal fold, bent outwards between veins 5 and 2, where it

is retracted to below end of cell, then oblique to above

tornus ; a subterminal series of pale fuscous spots from

costa to vein 2, below which it terminates in an oblique

striga. Underside of fore wing with the costal area red to

beyond middle, the costal edge black to near apex.

Hab. Perv, Agualani (Ockenden), 2 g type. Exp.

52 mm,

(25 d) Polygrammodes hyalescens, sp. n.

Head, thurax, and abdomen yellowish white, the tegulz

near tips and shoulders with orange-yellow patches; sides of

palpi and frons brown; fore tibie tinged with brown, the

tarsi ringed with brown. Fore wing yellowish white, thinly

scaled, the costal area more ochreous and the costal edge

fuscous ; a slight brownish antemedial spot in cell and faint

excurved line from cell to inner margin; a small brownish

spot in middle of cell and slight discoidal bar; postmedial

line pale brownish, waved, bent outwards between veins 5

and 2, then retracted to below end of cell and excurved in

submedian interspace; a minutely waved brownish sub-

terminal line and brownish terminal line. Hind wing semi-

hyaline yellowish white ; a faint brownish postmedial line,

arising at vein 6, excurved and waved between veins 5 and 2,

then retracted and ending at submedian fold; a very in-

distinct, minutely waved, brownish subterminal line from

costa to submedian fold.

Hab. Peru, Carabaya, St. Domingo (Ockenden),1 g,1 ¢

type. Exzp., g 30, ? 40 mm.

342 Mr. W. Schaus on

(29) Polygrammodes brunneivena, sp. Ne

Glyphodes nervosa, Warr. Trans. Ent. Soc, 1889, p. 262, 2 (nec g ),

9. Head, thorax, and abdomen yellowish white, the back

of head and tegule tinged with orange, the patagia slightly

tinged with brown ; antenne brown; abdomen with slight

dorsal brown streak towards base. Fore wing semibyaline

white, the veins pale red-brown, the costal area creamy

white and thickly scaled; cilia pale red-brown. Hind wing

semihyaline white, the veins and cilia pale red-brown.

Hab. Brazit, Amazons, Solimoes R., Uananaa (Trai/),

1 ¢ type. Hap. 46 mm.

(30) Polygrammodes pheocraspis, sp. n.

. &. Head, thorax, and abdomen white, the hack of head

tinged with orange; antenne fuscous; fore tibie brown

above, the tarsi tinged with brown. Fore wing semihyaline

white, the veins brownish, the costal edge fuscous. Hind

wing semihyaline white, the veins brownish.

Hab, Perv, 1 ¢ type. Hap. 40 mm.

[To be continued. |

XXXIX.—New Species of Heterocera from Costa

Rica—XXI. By W. Scuaus, F.Z.S.

Geometridz.

Subfam. Boarmrzz.

Semiothisa pandaria, sp. n.

@. Head and abdomen brown tinged with yellow. Thorax

lilacine grey. Wings grey, with darker grey striz and

fuscous irrorations, the lines yellow-brown; fine terminal

fuscous-brown shading ; cilia light brown. Fore wings:

antemedial line faint, slightly outeurved ; medial line darker,

well marked, vertical ; postmedial faint, more yellowish, out-

curved on costa, followed by a vertical dull brown shade, its

outer edge slightly outcurved between veins 7 and 5 and

outwardly darker shaded from vein 4 to inner margin ;

termen brown; subterminal line pale; the apex slightly

greyish. Hind wings: outer margin bluntly angled, the

lines as on fore wings, but the termen not so brown. Fore

wings below yellow striated with fuscous grey; the medial

line fine; a fuscous line on discocellular; a fuscous outer

_S_

Fleterocera from Costa Rica. 343

vertical shade; the outer margin brown ; a white shade at

apex, crossed by fuscous-grey striz. Hind wings yellow

except postmedial space between veins 4 and 6, inner margin

postmedially, and outer margin, which are white ; the wing

heavily striated with fuscous grey; medial line distinct ;

outer line fuscous, outwardly broadly edged with brown.

Expanse 24 mm.

Hab. Guapiles.

Apicia deoia, sp. n.

3. Antenne simple. Body and wings buff; collar

slightly darker; a few dark irrorations on abdomen and

wings; abdomen shaded with greyish brown on terminal

half. Fore wings: the veins and lines yellow-brown; a

black point at base below cell ; antemedial line outangled in

cell, inbent, sinuous, with dark points on veins, the angle

connected by a fine yellow-brown line with a black point on

middle of discocellular; postmedial line sinuous, inbent to

before middle of inner margin, followed by two dull greyish-

brown parallel lines, the inner line with black points on veins;

a subterminal line of ground-colour indicated by yellow-

brown shadings on either side; apex acute, outer margin

outbent. Hind wings: some darker striz on basal half; a

dark point on discocellular; the lines beyond as on fore wings,

but straighter. Wings below paler, thinly darker irrorated ;

discal points black, more pronounced, larger on fore wings,

where the lines are all indicated ; the outer line fuscous from

vein 6 to inner margin, punctiform from vein 4 to costa.

Hind wings: the lines very faintly indicated ; the outer line

followed by a series of black points on veins.

Expanse 35 mm. ;

flab. Turrialba, 5800 feet.

Apicia demoleon, sp. n.

3. Antenne simple. Wings broad, the outer margins

slightly rounded. Fons fuscous. Vertex and body brown,

the collar darker shaded. Wings brown, with black strie ;

cilia reddish brown at base, tipped with greyish brown ;

outer line straight, reddish brown, outwardly pale-edged, with

white points on veins ; subterminal fuscous spots on veins 3

and 5 and on submedian. Fore wings: an antemedial

reddish-brown line, inwardly pale-edged, almost vertical ; a

small greyish spot in cell beforeend. Wings below greyish

brown, thinly irrorated with fuscous brown ; black points on

344 Mr. W. Schaus on

discocellulars ; an outer whitish line, punctiform towards

costa of fore wings.

Expanse 28 mm.

Hab. Poas.

Pyrinia selecta, sp. n.

3. Frons brown. Vertex, collar, and thorax olive-buff ;

abdomen paler, with some brown irrorations. Fore wings

whitish, with some olive-brown strize ; basal half tinged with

brown and more thickly striated, the striz fuscous on costa

and irrorated with grey-white; a broad dark olive-brown

medial line from costa to just above submedian, inbent, its

inner edge irrorated with grey-white ; a dark line on disco-

cellular and postmedial streak from vein 3 to inner margin ;

an outer dark spot on costa, outbent, and small subterminal

spot between veins 4 and 5; termen shaded with fuscous and

greyish white except between veins 3 and 5; cilia dark

brown. Hind wings buff-white, striated with pale olive-

brown, suffusing and forming a postmedial line. Wings

below yellow, striated with brown, chiefly at base. Fore

wings: medial line forming three spots filled in with greyish

white ; the outer spots and terminal shading as above, but

brown, the latter irrorated with grey-white. Hind wings: a

macular postmedial brown line and shade at apex.

Expanse 25 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Pyrinia punctilinea, sp. n.

9. Head dark brown. Body and wings yellow-brown,

the latter with purplish strize and irrovations ; cilia reddish

brown. Fore wings: a medial brown spot on costa and

traces of a fine brown line, shaded with faintly iridescent .

scaling; an outer row of dark brown points on veins out-

wardly connected by a faint iridescent shade, followed by a

dusky shade, on costa linear followed by a lilacine shade and

an inbent brown spot ; termen tinged with lilacine, slightly

iridescent. Hind wings: a postmedial dark brown line

outwardly shaded with iridescent scaling. Wings below deep

yellow, irrorated and striated with bright reddish brown, the

outer margins red; traces of a fine postmedial line. Fore

wings: a broad subterminal dark purple shade, paler near

its inner edge. Hind wings: an interrupted subterminal

reddish-brown line.

Expanse 29 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Easily distinguished by the punctiform outer line

I EE

ee ee ee ee oe

> NE 6s ee ee ae ee

Fleterovera from Costa Rica. 345

Pyrinia rufinaria, Schs., described in Ann. & Mag, Nat.

Hist. 1912, x. p. 232, is P. fridolinata, Obt., the latter name

having priority.

CATACRISMIA, gen, nov.

Male.—Palpi short, porrect, the third joint downbent.

Antenne simple, minutely serrate on terminal third. Legs

smoothly scaled. Wings broad. Fore wings: apex acute,

outer margin produced, rounded, crenulate; cell half the

length of wing ; vein 3 before lower angle; 4 from lower

angle ; 5 from middle of discocellular ; 6 from upper angle ;

7-10 stalked from just beyond middle of cell; 11 close to

stalk. Hind wings: outer margin rounded, crenulate; vein 3

before lower angle; 4 from lower angle; 6 and 7 diverging

before upper angle; upper side from base to beyond cell,

and inner margin thickly covered with long hairy scales.

Type of genus, Catacrismia hirsutaria, Schs,

Catacrismia hirsutaria, sp. n.

$. Palpi, head, and collar in front reddish brown mottled

with creamy buff. Collar behind and thorax grey ; abdomen

light reddish brown, shaded with grey terminally ; a dark

red transverse line at base. Wings grey, with some fine

brownish striz marked with minute black points ; traces of a

fine dark terminal line; cilia roseate brown, with darker

shadings. Fore wings: an antemedial brown line outangled

in cell ; an outer row of dark points on veins; extreme costa

buff. Hind wings: a broad fuscous line at base, the space

beyond to postmedial reddish brown except above vein 7;

postmedial line thick, wavy, fuscous brown; anal angle

shaded with reddish brown and fuscous grey. Wings below

grey tinged with roseate and striated with fuscous; black

discal points; lines faintly indicated, fine; outer fuscous

spots on fore wings from vein 5 to costa.

¢. Darker, tinged with brown. Fore wings as in male.

Hind wings uniformly coloured like fore wings ; the post-

medial line very fine, indistinct ; black discal points.

Expanse, g 25, ? 27 mm.

Hab. Guapiles, Esperanza.

Anisoperas murcia, Sp. 0.

6. Antenne bipectinate. Head and thorax dark brown.

Abdomen greyish brown. Wings brown striated with darker

brown ; costa narrowly shaded with dark grey ; a few seat-

tered whitish scales ; antemedial line dark grey, outwardly

346 Mr. W. Schaus on

shaded with dark brown, vertical, faintly curved across

submedian, preceded by whitish points on median and sub-

median ; a black spot on discocellular in front; a dark

brown postmedial line, outeurved around and near cell,

slightly outbent from vein 3; subterminal line dark grey,

downcurved and outbent to near termen below vein 8, angled

and slightly incurved to inner margin near tornus, outwardly

edged with white on costa, marked by white points on veins,

and irrorated with white towards costa, inwardly edged by a

fine reddish-brown line. Hind wings: a black spot on disco-

cellular ; subterminal line as on fore wings, but straighter.

Wings below buff-brown, with some dark irrorations and

strie ; black discal spots ; subterminal very fine, marked by

brown points on veins.

Expanse 3d mm.

Hab. Poas.

Paragonia lanuginosa, sp. n.

¢. Head and front of collar grey-black ; collar otherwise,

body, and wings brown, the latter with some fine short black

striae. Fore wings: an antemedial darker brown line, twice

outcurved, vertical, with white points on veins; a black

point on discocellular ; a postmedial darker brown line, out-

curved close around cell, then slightly outbent to inner

margin ; a finer outer line, inbent from a large white costal

spot before apex, curved below vein 3, and outangled on sub-

median; the costal spot mottled with brown ; a fine fuscous

subterminal line, punctiform on veins; cilia dark brown,

partly tipped with white. Hind wings: a black discal

point; a fine postmedial line ; outer line lunular, with short

white streaks on veins; subterminal as on fore wings.

Wings below paler, more thickly striated with black, and

darker shaded between outer and subterminal lines; black

discal points ; apex of fore wing shaded with white.

Expanse 50 mm.

Hab, Avangarez.

Near P. edipodaria, Obt.

Cnoptila egeria, sp. n.

9. Body and wings reddish brown tinged with purple ;

collar grey tipped with reddish brown; front of thorax

greyish white; a few black irrorations and strie on wings.

Fore wings: a broad whitish line on costa, not reaching

edge, irrorated with fuscous grey and with a subterminal

small black spot; lines darker, faint, not reaching costa ;

antemedial remote from base, vertical; a black point on

FTetevocera from Costa Rica. 347

discocellular ; postmedial vertical, close to end of cell; some

outer yellow and reddish shading, forming an interrupted

line, slightly outeurved between veins 4 and 2; subterminal

small black spots above and below vein 3. Hind wings: a

medial vertical line to postmedial ou inner margin; post-

medial indicated by fine yellow and reddish shadings; sub-

terminal black points from below vein 4 to inner margin,

above vein 4 to costa faint reddish shading. Wings below

roseate, with some black striz and irrorations; the sub-

terminal black spots as above ; faint traces of fuscous lines.

Eixpanse 44 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Alana fumida, sp. n.

3. Head dark grey. Body and wings roseate brown,

abdomen irrorated with dark grey. Fore wings striated with

dark grey, especially terminally; space below cell to inner

margin shaded with smoky grey, with slightly darker ante-

medial and postmedial shades; a black point on discocellular ;

a smoky subterminal shade, broad at apex, constricted be-

tween veins 2 and 3. Hind wings with dark grey striz,

except beyond cell; a black point on discocellular; a broad

basal smoky shade also along costa and at anal angle; sub-

terminal small smoky-grey spots containing white points,

upcurved towards inner margin. Wings below whitish buff;

dark grey discal points; a subterminal dark shade on fore

wings from costa to vein 38; dark subterminal points on hind

wings,

Expanse 29 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Alecis mopsaria, sp. n.

3. Palpi brown, fringed with grey. Frons brown, edged

below with whitish grey. Vertex and abdomen whitish grey,

the latter irrorated with brown and crossed by dark brown

lines, the basal segment clearer white. Wings white, with

fine brownish-grey strie; terminal black spots on inter-

spaces ; cilia tinged with brown at base; subterminal line

white, indicated outwardly by suffusing striew, inwardly by

fuscous spots somewhat interrupted on fore wings; post-

medial line fine, dark brown, lunular, with short darker streaks

on veins. Fore wings: a fine antemedial inbent line, puncti-

form on veins, originating from a fuscous spot on costa;

medial line faint, with well-marked points on median and

submedian and a large spot on costa ; a dark streak on disco-

cellular. Hind wings: a fine antemedial brownish shade ;

348 Mr. W. Schaus on

a small brown discal spot. Wings below whitish ; black

terminal spots; small discal spots. Fore wings tinged with

grey except postmedially ; a broad fuscous-grey shade along

outer margin, not quite reaching termen.

Expanse 37 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas, Avangarez.

Near A. mollearia, W1k.

Alcis lurida, sp. n.

3. Frons, collar, and thorax grey; vertex and abdomen

whiter, the latter with transverse pale brown shades. Wings

white tinged with grey ; terminal black points on interspaces ;

cilia partly mottled with pale brown. Fore wings: a sub-

basal grey-brown line, angled on costa, closely followed by

the fine black antemedial line ; ; a fine grey line edging some

white scales on discocellular, wavily inbent below it; some

greyish striz on costa and bey ond cell ; postmedial line fine,

black, wavy, vertical from costa to vein 5, where it is bluntly

outangled, inbent to near discocellular, incurved below vein 2,

followed throughout by a pale brown shade, expanding to

subterminal on costa; subterminal line lunular, dentate,

white, defined by greyish shadings; termen shaded with

grey, darkest between veins 4 and 7. Hind wings: a thick

black basal line; a fine grey antemedial line, downcurved on

inner margin; raised white scales on discocellular ; post-

medial line fine, black, upeurved from fold, touching disco-

cellular, followed by a narrow pale brown shade; subterminal

as on fore wings; the veins terminally shaded with yellow-

brown. Wings below white. Fore wings: some black

striz on costa ; discocellular broadly edged with fuscous ; a

broad terminal fuscous shade, with a small white shade at

apex and terminally between veins 3 and 4. Hind wings:

traces of terminal black points.

Expanse 34 mm.

Had. Sixola.

Melanolophia fugitaria, sp. n.

@. Head whitish grey. Body whitish brown, the collar

and abdomen with slightly darker shadings. Wings bone-

colour. Fore wings shaded with pale olive-brown ; fuscous-

brown striz, more numerous on outer margin; lines fine,

fuscous grey, mottled with brown; antemedial line inangled

on subcostal, outangled close below it, and inbent to inner

margin ; medial line outangled on subcostal and on sub-

median ; a black point on discocellular; postmedial line in-

bent, faintly curved, followed by a fuscous shade above and

Tleterocera from Costa Rica. 349

below vein 4; subterminal fuscous spots from costa to

vein 5; a marginal fuscous shade from above vein 4 to above

vein 6, Hind wings shaded with pale olive-brown except

before postmedial line, the shading striated with fuscous

brown ; antemedial line thicker; a black spot on disco-

cellular ; postmedial line fine, slightly wavy; subterminal

fuscous spots ; a dark terminal line. Wings below duller ;

a broad subterminal fuscous shade, reduced to spots on hind

wings below vein 4; termen broadly whiter; the lines all

present ; black discal points.

Expanse 36 mm,

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Gazena friarta, sp. n.

6. Head, collar, and thorax brownish grey; thorax

behind and abdomen whiter, the latter shaded with grey-

brown and with brownish irrorations ; black transverse lines

on segments, dorsally interrupted at base. Wings white,

with a few brown irrorations; a terminal fuscous-brown

line, expanding on interspaces; cilia white, crossed by a

wavy grey-brown line, and with greyish shadings at veins.

Fore wings: the base brownish grey ; antemedial line black,

slightly inangled on subcostal, inbent below median ; a black

medial line, outbent on costa, edging finely a grey disco-

cellular space, incurved below cell, somewhat punctiform,

closely followed by a narrow, parallel, greyish shade ; post-

medial similar, inbent, sinuous, followed by greyish shades,

except between veins 7 and 6, 4 and 2, and inner margin,

where the shading is pale reddish brown; subterminal line

lunular dentate, white, indicated by greyish and pale brown

shadings. Hind wings: a thick black basal line, downbent

on inner margin; antemedial and medial dark brown lines

also downbent on inner margin, very faint towards costa ; a

dark grey discal spot ; postmedial line as on fore wings,

followed by brown shading between veins 2 and 4, the sub-

terminal as on fore wings. Fore wings below brownish grey,

almost fuscous apically; the cilia and apex narrowly white ;

aterminal brown line. Hind wings whitish, the veins faintly

brownish ; a small grey discal spot.

Expanse 30 mm.

Hab. Poas, Turrialba.

A smaller whiter form expanding 27 mm. is found on

Turrialba, but a large series of specimens would be necessary

before separating it.

Melanchrota tritoniaria, sp. n.

3. Body and wings dark blue. Back of head, neck, and

350 Mr. W. Schaus on

front of collar orange-red. Fore wings: an oblique white

fascia from vein 8 to vein 2 near termen, widest at costa; the

apical space black. Wings below duller.

Expanse 29 mm.

Hab. Carillo.

Subfam. GzouzrrimZ.

Oospila camilla, sp. n.

9. Shaft of antenne and line between them white. Frons,

thorax, and abdomen above lilacine brown. Neck, collar,

and front of patagia green. Body below white. Fore wings

green; costa finely white; a faint antemedial brownish

shade ; a black point on discocellular ; outer margin broadly

purplish mauve, with some buff mottlings and dark striz, its

inner edge shortly excavated between veins 3 and 4, reaching

vein 8 on outer space; the terminal space between 7 and 8

green ; the costa terminally mottled with purple-mauve; a

subterminal yellow-green spot above vein 3 and a smaller one

below it ; a terminal purple-red line. Hind wings green; a

black point on discocellular ; a purple-mauve spot on inner

margin near base and a narrow similar streak along inner

margin connecting it with the broad similarly coloured oater

margin; the inner edge of marginal space uneven, broken

along vein 4 by a green line to a subterminal yellow-green

spot, which suffuses with a smaller spot below vein 3; the

outer margin mottle@as on fore wings, but with some darker

subterminal shadings from vein 4 to costa. Wings below

whitish green. Fore wings: a broad dull roseate outer shade

and dark brown spots on cilia. Hind wings: a dull roseate

marginal shade from apex to vein 4; a fuscous shade on cilia

at veins 4 and 6.

Expanse 31 mm.

Hab, Sixola.

Very much like Drucia latimargo, Warr.

Subfam. Acrpazivz.

Hyria croceimarginata, sp. n.

9. Body and wings reddish purple, shading to black before

the narrow yellow termen; cilia yellow; a fine outer darker

lunular line. Fore wings: two white points on discocellular ;

the marginal fuscous shade reaching cilia at apex and at

vein 3; the outer margin oblique from apex to vein 3, then

slightly incurved. Hind wings: an interrupted white line

on discocellular, shaded with red; traces of a dark postmedial

line; the outer margin curved. Wings below greyish

purple; cilia paler yellow ; a white streak on discocellular of

FTeterocera from Costa Rica. 3a

hind wings; the termen very narrowly whitish on both

wings.

Expanse 19 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Near Hyria flavistigma, Warr.

Hyria helleria, sp. n.

?. Head, thorax behind, and abdomen dark purplish red;

collar and thorax in front yellow. Fore wings acute, the

outer margin oblique, yellow ; cell and base tinged with grey,

shading to dark reddish brown on inner margin; a still

darker space medially on inner margin, crossed by a medial

and a postmedial fuscous line ; a black point on discocellular

and some reddish-brown shading below it; a few postmedial

dark irrorations and traces of terminal dark points. Hind

wings rounded, reddish brown ; a darker medial shade, edged

by fuscous medial and postmedial lines ; base of inner margin,

apex, and some terminal yellow shadings; the postmedial

followed by yellow spots from vein 3 to inner margin ; above

vein 3 the yellow spots are outset towaids apex. Wings

below duller.

Expanse 14 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Hyria precellens, sp. n.

?. Head fuscous. Collar and thorax yellow; patagia

shaded with purple-brown. Abdomen above reddish purple ;

fine yellow segmental lines; body below yellowish. Lore

wings dark reddish purple, redder on termen; a triangular

medial yellow spot on costa, irrorated with red in cell; a

wavy yellow outer line, outbent from costa to termen below

vein 3, expanding at vein 5, and containing a red spot ; inner

margin from middle broadly yellow, crossed by a postmedial

reddish line ; an interrupted marginal yellow line on reddish

portion ; cilia yellow, partly mottled with red at base. Hind

wings bright red; a yellow streak on discocellular ; _post-

medial line sinuous, yellow; some subterminal and terminal

yellow shading. Fore wings below similar, but duller.

Hind wings below with the yellow markings more extended.

Expanse 15 mm.

Hab, Turrialba.

Near H, radaria, Schs,

Hyria priscilla, sp. n.

3. Body and wings purplish red, cilia yellow. Fore

wings: the termen narrowly yellow from apex to vein 4, also

352 Mr. W. Schaus on

from vein 3 to tornus, more broadly at vein 3, forming an

angle. Hind wings: the termen yellow, more narrowly so

at anal angle ; the wing broad and produced at vein 4, but

rounded. Underneath the same. .

Expanse 14 mm.

Hab. Carillo, Guapiles.

Closely allied to H. violescens, Schs.; but much redder, the

hind wings not angled as in that species.

Hyriagona rosinaria, sp. n.

3. Body roseate; head, collar, and front of patagia

whitish yellow. Fore wings whitish yellow ; inner margin

to cell, terminal third of cell, and the space beyond to post-

medial roseate; a black point on discocellular; postmedial

faintly indicated, greyish on costa, then as an edging to

roseate space, somewhat dentate opposite cell, inbent along

vein 3, angled and outbent to tornus; some subterminal

roseate irrorations chiefly opposite cell; apex shaded with

grey; terminal dark points at veins 3 and 4; a speck at

‘submedian and fold. Hind wings roseate, cilia whitish ;

a postmedial yellow-white spot near inner margin ; a fine

yellowish line from termen at vein 7 to vein 3 subterminally.

Hind wings long and narrow, the anal angle acute.

Expanse 15 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Hemalea macoaria, sp. n.

&. Palpi, frons, and collar orange-brown. Vertex white.

Thorax white, irrorated with orange-brown. Abdomen

white, with fine orange-brown segmental lines. Wings

white, with scattered fuscous-brown irrorations ; lines fine,

orange-brown, partly mottled with fuscous brown; a terminal

fuscous-brown line; cilia whitish mottled with brown.

Fore wings: antemedial line outbent on costa, vertical in

cell, wavy and slightly inbent below cell; postmedial line

sinuous, touching a dark streak on discocellular; outer line

outbent from costa to vein 6, wavily vertical to below 3, and

incurved ; subterminal triangular dark spots at vein 6, above

and below vein 3, andat tornus. Hind wings: a wavy medial

line followed by a point on discocellular ; postmedial line

downcurved, sinuous ; subterminal orange-brown spots, shaded

with fuscous. Wings below white, the costa of fore wings

shaded with orange-brown.

Expanse 17 mm. -

Hab, Avangarez.

Near H. macouma, Schs.

Heterocera from Costa Rica, 3538

Euacidalia proliva, sp. n.

3. Body and wings olive-grey ; fuscous points on disco-

cellular ; an interrupted slightly darker terminal line. Fore

Wings: outer margin rounded ; a dark outcurved postmedial

line, followed by a parallel fainter line. Hind wings broad,

produced and angled between veins 2 and 3; a fine darker

postmedial line, almost vertical. Underneath similar, the

hind wings thickly clothed with hair-like scales except on

termen.

Expanse 22 mm.

Hab. Tuis, Guapiles, Juan Vinas.

Euacidalia subcrinita, sp. n.

3. Body brown, the thorax tinged with purple. Fore

wings with the inner margin deeply lobed, purplish brown ;

costal margin to postmedial and termen above vein 3 to apex

yellowish ; traces of a dark outcurved antemedial line; a

dark spot on discocellular, followed by a yellowish-white

quadrate patch, suffusing in front with pale costal margin;

postmedial line fine, fuscous brown, vertical from costa to

vein 3, then inbent ; a faint, dark, downbent line from discal

spot to postmedial; some purplish irroration on terminal

yellow space. Hind wings reddish brown, the base irrorated

with fuscous grey; a fine postmedial fuscous line; some

faint yellowish shadings on outer margin, which is rounded ;

the abdominal fold filled below with long scales, covered by

the fringe on inner margin; the base of wing below with

long downturned hairs. Wings below paler, the hind wings

yellow-brown, with reddish postmedial and subterminal

lines.

?. Wings normal, bone-colour, the outer margins broadly

purplish brown, inwardly edged by a fuscous-bruwn wavy

line ; dark discal points ; a fine postmedial line close to cell ;

an interrupted dark terminal line; paler subterminal shades.

Fore wings: the base reddish brown, limited by a darker

antemedial line. Hind wings: some dark irrorations on

basal half. Wings below duller.

Expanse 13 mm.

Hab. Tuis, Esperanza, Banana River, Juan Vinas.

Euacidalia adipata, sp. n.

6. Frons dark brown. Collar and thorax greyish brown.

Abdomen light brown. Wings light brown, with darker

purplish irrorations; an interrupted dark terminal line,

Fore wings: a purplish line on discocellular, outbent, con-

tinuing to vein 2, but finer below cell, and joining the inbent

sinuous outer line; traces of a dentate postmedial line from

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xi. 24

354 Mr. W. Schaus on

costa to vein 6; the space from end of cell to costa and

outer line clearer and paler; a subterminal pale shade.

Hind wings: a few darker scales on discocellular, Wings

below pale roseate brown, with traces of a fine outer line ;

dark lines on discocellulars. Wings shaped as in F. sub-

crinita, but the hind wings below are devoid of long hairs at

base.

Expanse 13 mm.

Hab. Avangarez.

Euacidalia posides, sp. n.

2. Frons and collar brown; vertex white; thorax and

abdomen whitish grey, irrorated and shaded with purple.

Wings whitish grey, thinly irrorated with dark grey; a

terminal dark purple-brown line ; cilia bright purple. Fore

wings: a fine inbent antemedial line ; a dark line on disco-

cellular ; postmedial very faint, outcurved ; outer line inbent,

terminating at tornus; traces of a fine subterminal line; the

outer margin very oblique. Hind wings: a dark point at

upper angle of cell ; a very fine medial and postmedial line ;

outer margin rounded towards anal angle. Wings below

roseate white, the lines indistinct except outer line.

Expanse 17 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Huacidalia griseinitens, sp. 0.

g. Pale olive-brown tinged with shining grey ; black

discal points ; very faint darker medial and postmedial lines.

Wings below dull dark grey ; discal points and a subter-

minal darker shade. Fore wings with the inner margin

straight, the outer margin obliquely curved. Hind wings

rounded, with hairy scaling at base below.

Expanse 13 mm.

Hab. Limon.

Euacidalia prusias, sp. n.

-¢. Body and wings grey irrorated with fuscous brown ;

the lines fine, fuscous brown ; the postmedial line inbent, the

space beyond to termen darker shaded; an interrupted

terminal dark line. Fore wings: antemedial line outcurved

on costa; an inbent medial dine crossing a dark streak on

discocellular. Hind wings: an antemedial line and dark

point on discocellular, Wings below without irrorations, the

lines broader, well marked ; medial and postmedial lines on

both wings.

Expanse 21 mm.

flab, Juan Vinas.

‘The fore wings are narrow, acute, tle outer margin oblique.

Feterocera from Costa Rica. 355

Ptychopoda fractaria, sp. n.

3d. Frons black. Vertex buff-brown. Body yellowish

white. Wings white tinged with yellow, the lines consisting

of dark brown irrorations. Fore wings: costal margin

roseate ; a yellow shade on discocellular and beyond it below

costa to apex ; antemedial irrorations very faint ; postmedial

barely traceable; an outer lunular dentate line, almost

vertical ; some subterminal irrorations. Hind wings: a fine

postmedial line close to cell; outer line lunular dentate,

incurved between veins 6 and 4; a fine subterminal line,

Fore wings below white, shaded with grey-brown at base and

along costa, the costa itself darker; traces of postmedial and

outer darker shades. Hind wings below white; a faint fine

outer line.

Expanse 19 mm.

Hab. Poas.

Ania perlineata, sp. n.

3. Frons brown. Vertex, collar, and thorax dark grey.

Abdomen grey, with brownish shadings and whitish seg-

mental lines. Wings whitish, the lines mostly dark brown ;

the outer margin broadly brown. Fore wings: the base

shaded with grey ; the costa irrorated with grey ; antemedial

outcurved shading, very indistinct ; a fine medial line, out-

angled in cell near black point on discocellular ; four parallel

fine postmedial lines, deeply outbent, curved across vein 7

and very oblique to inner margin; a fifth line, more fuscous,

from the fourth at vein 5; a subterminal light brown line; a

terminal dark brown line, inwardly edged with light brown ;

cilia light brown, with dark points at veins and partly dark-

tipped. Hind wings: the lines straight; an antemedial

fuscous-brown line; a similar coarser double medial line ; the

outer line interrupted by a black point on discocellular ;

three postmedial dark brown lines and an outer fuscous line ;

a light brown subterminal line outwardly edged with fuscous ;

terminal line as on fore wings; cilia whitish brown, with

black points at veins. Wings below brownish yellow, the

postmedial space whitish ; fuscous irrorations at base and on

outer margins ; black discal spots; first postmedial line

heavily marked, fuscous, outangled, the three lines following

faintly marked; outer line heavily marked, fuscous, out-

angled on fore wings, slightly sinuous on hind wings; sub-

terminal indicated by fuscous-grey edging; terminal line as

above. |

Expanse 22 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Near Ania flewistrigata, Warr.

356 Mr. W. Schaus on

Zeuctoneura derosa, sp. Nn.

g. Frons fuscous ; vertex, collar, and thorax grey. Ab-

domen whitish, with transverse grey-brown lines. Fore

wings whitish, the base, costal and outer margins faintly

greyish, with fuscous irrorations ; an antemedial fuscous line

outeurved across costa and cell, incurved below cell and

below submedian ; a faint pale brownish line across disco-

cellular to middle of inner margin, coarser, fuscous on costa ;

outer line fine, pale brown, incurved, thick, fuscous opposite

cell, followed by a short parallel fuscous streak from vein 2

to inner margin, broadly edged with fuscous; a subterminal

white lunular line; a terminal dark brown line. Hind wings

white; some black irrorations on inner margin; a brown

point at upper angle of cell; subterminal line fine, brown,

coarser, darker opposite cell and near inner margin, out-

curved below vein 4, followed by some brown shading and

fuscous irrorations ; a dark terminal line; the outer margin

deeply crenulate, incurved between veins 6 and 4. Wings

below whitish ; a broad subterminal fuscous shade on fore

wings; some subterminal spots on hind wings, distinct on

costa only.

Expanse 15 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas, Carillo ; also from Chiriqui.

Near Odontoptila mimica, Dogn. ‘

Subfam. LavRenrirwz.

Amaurinia thetisaria, sp. 0.

g. Head, collar, and thorax purplish brown. Abdomen

and wings reddish brown. Basal halt of shaft of antenne

and line between them white. Wings: lines dark purple ;

termen narrowly and cilia yellow. Fore wings: three basal

lines partly suffusing, followed by a clear red-brown line and

two autemedial lines, also suffusing ; a black spot on disco-

cellular at vein 5; two lines beyond cell; two outer lines,

outeurved, lunular, and a similar subterminal line; the dark

space close to termen between veins 3 and 4, its outer edge

wavy from costa to vein 5, twice incurved between vein 3

and inner margin. Hind wings short on costa, long on inner

margin, the termen not angled, glossed with purple; a basal

and two antemedial lines; a medial, more distinct post-

medial, and two outer lines; the outer edge of dark space

somewhat lunular. Wings below dull lilacine, the lines

darker ; termen whitish; cilia pale yellow. Fore wings: no

discal spot; the two outer and subterminal lines faint ; a

Heterocera from Costa Rica, 357

dark spot on ciliaat vein3. Hind wings: a subbasal, medial,

postmedial, and outer line.

Expanse 22 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Nearest A. chrysocraspedata, Warr., but differs in shape of

hind wing.

Amaurinia dorisaria, sp. 0.

3g. Body and wings purple-brown. Shaft of antenna to

beyond middle and a line between them white. Wings:

the lines fine, darker; termen narrowly and cilia pale

yellow. Fore wings: a basal and three antemedial lines,

the latter outcurved to median, vertical below it; a dark

point on discocellular shaded with reddish brown ; two post-

medial lines, outcurved ; two similar outer lines, and a sub-

terminal line, all very indistinct; the edge of dark space

wavy, close to termen at vein 3, and there shaded with

orange. Hind wings produced at vein 4 ; a fine medial and

postmedial line, the latter outcurved across veins 4 and 3;

the termen and cilia shaded with orange-brown at vein 4.

Wings below dull lilacine grey, the termen and cilia paler.

Fore wings: fine postmedial, geminate outer, and sub-

terminal lines; cilia brown at apex and vein 3. Hind

wings: a fine antemedial, postmedial, and subterminal line ;

cilia brownish at vein 4.

Expanse 22 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Near A. chrysocraspedata, Warr. Hind wings longer;

without the reddish-brown shadings ; the lines also different.

Amaurinia goodmani, sp. 0.

9. Body and wings bluish green; whitish segmental

lines on abdomen. Wings: black discal points; a post-

medial and an outer darker green line, with a finer lunular

line between them; a terminal purple-brown line; cilia

white, shaded with fuscous at veins 3 and 4, and on fore

wings at apex also. Fore wings below purplish, the inner

margin and hind wings whitish ; the outer line slightly in-

bent opposite cell, followed on fore wings by a narrow

whitish shade ; dark discal points ; the postmedial line fine.

barely traceable on hind wings.

Expanse 22 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

[To be continued. }

358 Mr. H. H. Druce on new

XL.— Descriptions of some new Lycenide from Tropical

Africa. By Hamitton H. Druce, F.L.S. &c.

Fam. Lycenide.

Subfam. Lrrrenivz.

ASLAUGA, Kirby.

Aslauga cephren, sp. n.

3. Upperside: uniform dull purple; costal margin of

hind wing rather broadly brown. An anteciliary dark brown

line common to both wings. Cilia of both wings russet-

brown. Underside creamy brown, without conspicuous

markings and overlaid with coarse dark reddish-brown scales,

which appear thickest towards the base and outer margins of

both wings; cilia of both wings dark brown. Abdomen

purple above, brown below. Palpi and legs pale brown.

Antenne brown, clubs reddish, The lower half of the abdo-

minal margin of the hind wing is strongly concave and the

anal angle is produced into a distinct lobe, which is directed

inwards.

Expanse 42 mm.

Type Mus. Druce.

Hab. Bitje, Ja River, Cameroons, wet season, May 1912

(G. L. Bates).

This insect, which appears to agree in venation with

Aslauga vininga, Hew., is distinguished by its larger size,

different colour, and shape of the hind wing.

Aslauga aura, sp. n.

9. Upperside: fore wing blackish brown ; costal margin

grey towards base. Discal area from the base to beyond the

cell clear pale blue; an elongate, indistinctly defined, white

spot lying over the end of the cell and crossed by a black

linear spot which appears to close the cell. Hind wing dark

grey, with the discal area pale blue and extending almost to

the anal angle, which is much produced. In some lights the

hind wing shows a pale purplish sheen. Abdominal fold

grey. Cilia of fore wing brown, of hind wing white.

Underside: both wings cream, with the whole surface except

the dorsum of the fore wing, which is clear up to vein 2,

thickly speckled with brown and black scales. The apical

half of the termen of the fore wing is reddish brown, and

close to the apex are two black and grey sagittate markings.

"ee

Lyceenide from Tropical Africa. 359

There is a small clear white spot at the end of the cell and a

central indistinct band of shades reaching from the apex to

the centre of vein 2, On the hind wing there is a narrow

central brown line reaching from about the centre of the costa

to the centre of the dorsum. Cilia concolorous with wings,

excepting on the dorsum of hind wings, where it is brown.

Head grey; thorax clothed with blue hairs ; abdomen

greyish brown above and below; legs brown, with white

markings. Antenne reddish brown. The palpi are cream,

with the terminal joint brown.

Expanse 53 mm.

Type Mus. Druce.

Hab. Bitje, Ja River, Cameroons, 2000 feet, wet season,

May 1912 (G. L. Bates).

May possibly prove to be the female of the previously

described Aslauga cephren, with which it agrees in venation,

but the underside is entirely different, and the dorsum of the

hind wing, although distinctly concave, is not so to the same

extent, and the anal angle is more a blunt point than a lobe.

Aslauga (?) pandora, sp. n.

2. Upperside : both wings uniform dark brown without

markings. The costa of the fore wing is very narrowly and

the cilia of both wings are reddish brown. ‘The underside is

pale brown, thickly sprinkled with dark brown scales and

with a central, rather narrow, brown band, with indistinctly

defined borders common to both wings and extending from

the apex of the fore wing to about the middle of the dorsum

of the hind wing. The dorsum of the fore wing is narrowly

clear of the dark brown scales, Cilia of both wings brown.

Head, thorax, and abdomen brown above and below. An»

tenne reddish brown. Legs brown, with white markings.

Palpi cream, with brown scales and brown terminal joint.

There is a white dot at the end of the cell in both wings.

The apex of the fore wing is produced to a narrow point and

the lower half of the dorsum of the hind wing is strongly

concave, almost touching vein 1, after which it curves strongly

outwards, so that the dorsum may be described as sickle-

shaped.

Expanse 64 mm.

Type B. M.

Hab. Uganda Prot., Budongo Forest, Unyoro, 3400 feet,

December 1911 (S. A. Neave).

I have placed this insect provisionally in the genus

Aslauga, not knowing where to place it, and hoping that

Mr. Neave will soon procure the male,

360 On new Lycenide from Tropical Africa.

It differs from Aslauga by vein 6 not originating from

the end of the cell, consequently the upper discocellular is

present.

There is a specimen, also a female, in the Adams Collection

in the British Museum from Bitje, Ja River, Cameroons,

which differs only from the type by being slightly smaller.

Subfam. Lyrczviv2z.

PsEUDALETIS, H. H. Druce.

Pseudaletis arrhon, sp. v.

&. Upperside: fore wing black, with a clearly defined

crange band placed obliquely beyond the cell, commencing as

a point on the costa and gradually widening towards the

termen, which it does not quite reach. In the cell, at the

end, is a quadrate orange spot, and at the base another,

triangular, which bears a small round black spot. The costa

between the band and the quadrate spot is laved with orange,

and there is a narrow orange streak on vein 1 from the base.

Hind wing orange, with the costa, except at the base, termen,

and dorsum unevenly black ; the abdominal fold pale orange.

At the anal angle close to the margin is a row of three pure

white dots. On the costa about the middle there is a large

curved, black, pointed, dentate marking which projects into

the orange area. There are two black filamentary tails.

Underside paler than above. Fore wing marked as on upper-

side, but the dorsum is narrowly white from the base for

about three-fourths of its length, and the orange streak on

vein 1 is wanting. The hind wing isalmost entirely orange;

the black dentate marking bears a central white line; the

apex is slightly fuscous, and there is a subterminal black

line: Vein 1 bears an indistinct brown line for the whole of

its length. At the anal arigle are several white spots over-

laid with silver. Cilia of both wings black. Head and anal

tuft orange. Antenne black ringed with white; thorax

black ; abdomen black, with white rings. Legs brown.

Expanse 41 mm.

Type Mus. Druce.

Hab. Bitje, Ja River, Cameroons, 2000 feet, wet season,

May 1912 (G. L. Bates).

Appears to be quite distinct from any other described

species in the genus.

I hope shortly to be able to publish coloured figures of the

four insects herein described.

THE ANNALS

MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY,

[EIGHTH SERIES.]

No. 64. APRIL 1913.

XLI.— New Species of Heterocera from Costa Rica —XXI.

By W. Scuaus, F.Z.S.

[Concluded from p. 357.]

: Erateina delecta, sp. n.

@. Body black; longitudinal yellow-white lines on frons

and thorax ; transverse lines on collar and abdomen. Fore

wings fuscous brown ; basal third shaded with slate-grey ;

inner margin white; a red streak along costa, not reaching

apex; a semilyaline white oval spot close beyond cell,

suffusing with a similar outbent and downcurved spot from

veins 4 to 2; cilia at apex tipped with white. Hind wings

black, almost entirely filled with a semihyaline white spot,

not touching margins, the veins crossing this spot more

heavily scaled; a terminal small white spot above vein 6,

and a larger spot including cilia between veins 6 and 5;

whitish mottlings on cilia otherwise. Fore wings below dark

red; inner margin greyish ; a yellow-white streak on basal

half of extreme costa, one below it and on median vein; a

white streak in cell ; a yellowish spot on costa to semiliyaline

spot. Hind wings: the margin dark red; whitish streaks

at base; the costa narrowly yellow-white ; the white space

shaded in front with purple-red, reaching and angled at

vein 6, behind edged with black; large terminal white spots

edged with fuscous brown, the largest spot between veins 5

and 6, only inwardly so edged, the white extending through

cilia.

Expanse 33 mm.

Hab. Poas.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xi. 25

362 Mr. W. Schaus on

Cenocalpe dryasaria, sp. 0.

$. Body grey irrorated with brown; basal segment of

abdomen white, on following segments two fine interrupted

fuscous-brown lines. Wings grey irrorated with brown ; a

fine terminal fuscous line ; ciliafuscous. Fore wings: lines

fuscous brown ; basal line fine ; subbasal geminate filled in

with dark brown ; antemedial similar, outangled on costa

and inbent ; medial space to outer line tinged with brown,

except on costal margin ; a black point on discocellular ;

postmedial line fine, geminate, barely traceable ; outer line

inbent from costa preceded by a fuscous-brown shade from

veins 5 to 7, outwardly finely edged with white, and followed

by a lunular dark brown line, punctiform on veins; a

whitish shade from vein 5 to apex; traces of a whitish

subterminal line. Hind wings: lines defined on inner half

chiefly ; geminate antemedial and medial lines ; a postmedial

line; an outer lunular line followed by dark points on veins ;

a whitish subterminal line. Wings below greyish white

irrorated with brown forming faint lines; the postmedial line

more distinct ; black discal points.

Expanse 22 mm,

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Hammaptera dominans, sp. n.

@. Frons dark green. Vertex, collar, and thorax brown

mottled with fuscous. Abdomen yellow-brown irrorated

with black. Fore wings: base dark greyish green, crossed

by a subbasal geminate outcurved line, followed by a pale

green narrow antemedial shade, outwardly crossed by a fine

dark green line, then a dark brown space edged with fuscous,

its outer edge inbent below subcostal, incurved from vein 2

to submedian; medial space lilacine brown to postmedial,

then slightly darker to outer line; a dark streak on disco-

cellular ; postmedial fine, dark brown, geminate, outbent on

costa, vertical opposite, wavily incurved beiow vein 3; the

outer line fuscous brown, outcurved, lunular, partly inter-

rupted, followed by a green shade, crossed by a dark green

line, outwardly edged by a dark brown line which is partly

geminate ; termen mottled green and brown; subterminal

white points on veins ; an interrupted terminal dark brown

line; cilia light brown spotted with fuscous. Hind wings

yellow-buff; inner area broadly shaded with fuscous to a

tine outer line, geminate on inner margin; some fuscous

marginal spots and reddish irrorations ; the terminal dark

line interrupted and not reaching apex. Wings below

Tleterocera from Costa Rica. 363

yellow-buff; fine fuscous lines on discocellulars. Fore

wings: a fuscous shade in and below cell to near termen

between veins 2 and 4; four fine postmedial lines, outbent,

partly suffusing from costa to vein 4 ; a large apical fuscous

space from costa to vein 4, crossed by yellow subterminal

points ; a subterminal fuscous line from vein 4 to near tornus.

Hind wings with some reddish and dark grey irrorations ;

faint traces of a geminate postmedial line; the outer line

better defined ; subterminal shade narrow, interrupted.

Expanse 31 mm.

Hab. Poas,

Near L/. fulvifusa, Warr.

Hammaptera colonaria, sp. n.

?. Frons pale bistre. Vertex, collar, and patagia light

brown, darker-shaded. Thorax and abdomen whitish grey,

thickly irrorated with yellow-bistre ; thorax edged behind

with black ; atransverse fuscous band on base of abdomen

and similar segmental lines. Fore wings whitish irrorated

with pale brown ; subbasal, antemedial, and postmedial broad,

olive-brown lines, edged with fuscous brown, the outer edge

of postmedial lunular below vein 4; a dark streak on disco-

cellular; a subterminal lunular white line from costa to

vein 4, preceded by two olive-brown lines, and followed by

darker shading interrupted between veins 7 and 8; paired

terminal fuscons markings at veins; cilia pale brown tipped

with grey, with darker shadings at veins. Hind wings

greyish white, broadly paler beyond postmedial; a fine grey

medial and postmedial line, the latter closely followed by a

slightly darker line; terminal fuscous markings. Wings

below creamy white; marginal fuscous shadings, darkest

from costa to vein 4; short black discal streaks. Fore

wings: a postmedial fuscous shade, its outer edge outangled

at vein 4. Hind wings: a faint postmedial line, followed

by a coarser line outcurved below vein 4.

Expanse 27 mm.

Hab. Esperanza.

Rhodomena cachiria, sp. n.

9. Palpi black, spotted with white at base. Head and

thorax whitish grey, faintly shaded with light brown ; a black

and metallic bronze tuft behind. Abdomen whitish grey,

dorsally shaded with fuscous at base, followed by reddish-

brown shades. Fore wings white ; the base narrowly black

to below cell ; a subbasal fine black line terminating in black

25*

364 Mr. W. Schaus on

spots on margins ; an antemedial fascia, fuscous brown

mottled with black, partly edged with pale brown shadings,

chiefly in cell, where it is joined by an inbent line from a

triangular fuscous spot on costa; medial space broadly clear

white, narrow on costa; a small yellow-brown spot on

discocellular with a few black scales; postmedial line fine,

black, starting from costal spot, incurved opposite cell, out-

angled below vein 4, incurved and spotted on veins; a

parallel fainter line follows, the intermediate space tinged

with green and roseate brown, both lines macular between

veins 2 and 4 ; the outer line followed by a broad fuscous-

brown shade, but narrow between veins 2 and 4, its outer

edge somewhat lunular; terminal space pale green with

faint roseate-brown shadings subterminally ; a dark terminal

line; a fuscous spot at apex; cilia spotted with fuscous.

Hind wings whitish grey, with faint postmedial, subterminal,

and terminal greyish shades. Wings below whitish grey,

obscured by darker grey shadings. Fore wings: the ante-

medial fascia, postmedial line, subterminal shades, and apical

spot well indicated. Hind wings thickly striated and mottled

with grey ; a darker postmedial shade ; subterminal shading

darker, not reaching costa.

Expanse 25 mm,

Hab. Cachi.

Anapalta avolaria, sp. n. ,

6. Body and base of fore wings grey irrorated with dark

erey and fuscous brown. Fore wings: a subbasal black

Jine ; antemedial line fuscous, outcurved, closely followed by

a sinuous medial line; space beyond broadly brownish

white; geminate postmedial dark lines on costa; outer line

fuscous, outcurved from costa to vein 2, then slightly inbent

to inner margin; terminal space brown, darker-shaded on

costa, opposite cell, and at tornus; traces of a whitish sub-

terminal line. Hind wings whitish, the termen tinged with

grey, shading to fuscous grey at anal angle; antemedial,

medial, and outer lines faintly indicated. Fore wings below

duller, the lines faintly marked towards inner margin; a

broad fuscous subterminal shade from costa to vein 4. Hind

wings brownish white; antemedial, medial, postmedial, and

subterminal lines faint; a fuscous spot on discocellular at

medial line; the outer line deeply outcurved, darker, and

distinct.

Expanse 21 mm.

Hab. Poas.

Tleterocera from Costa Rica. 365

Eupithecia albibasalis, sp. n.

¢. Body brownish buff. Abdomen: a fine black seg-

mental line on second segment; anal hairs fuscous. Fore

wings: costa mottled with light brown and white, the extreme

edge black, interrupted by whitish shades ; a white space at

base in and below cell, crossed by a subbasal light brown

line, and limited by an antemedial line outangled on sub-

costal, this line light brown on margins, otherwise fuscous,

and is followed in and below cell by a dark greyish shade,

outwardly edged by a darker line, outcurved in cell and

below it; rest of medial space greyish brown crossed by a

fine dark line, outbent on costa; postmedial somewhat

punctiform, followed by two series of smaller points faintly

connected by lines ; outer space above vein 4 whitish grey ;

a fine greyish subterminal shade ; the termen shaded on inter-

spaces with light brown, the shade at apex larger, more

conspicuous ; a terminal dark line; a small white spot at

tornus and one on cilia at tornus, Hind wings dark grey

with traces of lines, fuscous on Inner margin and shaded with

light brown. Wings below dark grey, the lines darker.

Fore wings: a yellowish shade on costa to postmedial ; the

postmedial shade broadest. Hind wings: two antemedial

and a medial line; the postmedial more outcurved, coincident

with medial on margins ; a punctiform line following it, and

a subterminal shade.

Expanse 22 mm. n

Hab. Juan Viuas.

Eupithecia albimizta, sp. n.

9. Head mottled white and fuscous. Collar brownish

grey and black. ‘Thorax and abdomen fuscous mottled with

grey ; some pale reddish-brown shading dorsally on abdomen

beyond base. Fore wings white, the lines and shadings

black ; subbasal line broad, slightly curved ; a broad greyish

shade following it ; antemedial fascia broad, its inner edge

evenly curved, its outer edge outangled in cell and on fold ;

a dark streak on discocellular, and a fine medial line out-

curved around it; postmedial broad, partly interrupted,

divided by a white line opposite cell ; large grey and fuscous

subterminal patches from costa to vein 4, outwardly edged

by a fine lunular white line, and with a light brown mark on

vein 6; some similar shadings below vein 2 to tornus; a fine

terminal black line ; cilia spotted black and white. Hind wings

greyish white; traces of transverse lines ; a fine dark terminal

line. Wings below greyish. Fore wings suffused with fuscous

366 Mr. W. Schaus on

on costa and apically, with whitish-buff spots on costa. Hind

wings irrorated with fuscous grey, the lines well marked,

rather thick; a basal, antemedial, two medial, a postmedial,

and a subterminal line; a fine black terminal line. Very

similar to E. cyrnea, Dr. Pestmedial line more outcurved.

Hind wings greyer; wings below much darker, the lines

heavier.

Expanse 22 mm.

Hab. Poas.

Eupithecia brevicula, sp. n.

&. Body buff ; thorax and base of abdomen fuscous brown 5

tip of abdomen fuscous ; anal hairs buff. Wings brownish

buff. Fore wings: base below subcostal to inner margin, a

streak below subcostal to end of cell, a broad shade along

submedian, and costal half beyond postmedial fuscous grey

with traces of black lines; on costa only a faint antemedial

and medial line ; a dark point on discocellular ; postmedial

fuscous, outangled at vein 6,inangled on vein 3, with darker

spots on veins ; a subterminal fuscous shade, interrupted b

ground-colour between veins 3 and 5, outwardly faintly

edged by a greyish dentate line ; terminal fuscous streaks

on interspaces above vein 5, and below vein 2. Hind wings:

costa to postmedial greyish white ; inner margin irrorated

with black at base; a small dark spot on discocellular

anteriorly ; a postmedial shade ; a subterminal shade on

costa; terminal cuneiform black spots near apex. Wings

below whitish buff; black discal points; a distinct post-

medial line; fuscous apical shades. Fore wings: a sub-

terminal shade, indistinct between veins 3 and 5.

Expanse 13 mm.

Had. Juan Vinas.

Eupithecia briseis, sp. n.

g. Body olive-brown; anal hairs white. Fore wings

pale olive-brown shaded with reddish brown subterminally ;

a fine darker subbasal line ; a fine darker antemedial line,

outcurved on costa, and inbent; an almost medial dark

brown fascia, inwardly edged with fuscous brown, and also

inbent, its edges even ; a curved line, open in front, around

discocellular; two indistinct punctiform lines from it to

inner margin ; postmedial straight on costa, brown, out-

curved from veins 6 to 2, fuscous, preceded by a dark shade

opposite cell; termen shaded with grey. Hind wings white ;

inner margin narrowly fuscous brown towards base; a

, er

Tleterocera from Costa Rica. 367

similar postmedial line on inner margin; anal angle shaded

with brown. Hind wings below whitish, very faint ante-

medial and medial lines ; the postmedial consisting of short

brown streaks on veins.

Expanse 19 mm.

Hab. Poas.

Eupithecia broteas, sp. n.

¢. Head and palpi whitish buff; frons shaded with

yellow. Collar pale grey. Thorax yellow-brown ; a trans-

verse white fascia followed by fuscous spots on patagia, and

grey shade behind. Abdomen yellowish with black dorsal

points. Wings whitish grey crossed by numerous inbent

olive-brown lines, partly suffusing, irrorated in cell and below

it with fuscous; a black spot on discocellular ; the medial

line just beyond cell very fine yellowish ; the two post-

media] lines broader, irrorated with fuscous brown on veins,

the outer followed by a clearer grey shade, then an olive-

brown shade and the subterminal line, which is white and

Junular towards costa; outer margin olive-brown; fine black

streaks on interspaces from subterminal to termen ; a terminal

darker olive-brown line; cilia greyish spotted with smoky

olive-brown. Hind wings: the costal margin broadly

whitish with very faint traces of lines; the lines irrorated

with fuscous before inner margin. Wings below greyish

white. Fore wings: antemedial and medial line fine; a

fuscous line on discocellular ; postmedial broad with darker

streaks on veins; a fine outer line; a dark line, broad on

costa before pale subterminal; a dark marginal shade.

Hind wings: a fine antemedial line ; a black point at upper

angle of cell; a well-marked postmedial line ; a subterminal

line ; some marginal shadings, and a terminal line.

Expanse 23 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Eupithecia cachina, sp. n.

?. Palpi pale brown. Head, collar, thorax, two basal

and terminal segments of abdomen bone-colour ; black points

on patagia ; abdomen otherwise grey-brown with fuscous

segmental lines. _ Wings bone-colour, the markings dull

fuscous brown. Fore wings: subbasal fine, interrupted by

pale median; antemedial irregular, inbent, preceded by a

shade on costa; a line before end of cell, inbent; a spot

on discocellular; line following cell fine, deeply inbent to

near previous line; a broad postmedial shade, followed by a

368 Mr. W. Schaus on ¢.

clear pale shade from costa to vein 4, and below it by pale

and fuscous geminate spots on veins; outer space dark-

shaded, with some pale spots on veins, followed by a dentate

pale subterminal line ; an interrupted terminal line, barely

darker than terminal shadings ; cilia fuscous with pale spots.

Hind wings: the lines as on fore wings, the finer lines not

reaching costa. Wings below slightly browner, the lines

and shades dull brown. Fore wings: all the lines present.

Hind wings: a basal and antemedial line; a broad medial

and subterminal shade.

Expanse 18 mm.

Hab. Cachi.

Eupithecia caliginosa, sp. n.

g. Antenne pubescent. Fore wings long, broad at

termen. Palpi, vertex, and collar brownish grey ; frons

darker. Thorax fuscous brown ; abdomen slightly browner,

with dorsal black and buff points. Wings brown. Fore

wings: space below cell shaded with fuscous ; a fine sub-

basal black line; an outcurved fuscous line before end of

cell; a black point on discocellular ; postmedial broad, out-

angled, marked with fuscous spots on interspaces, partly

irrorated with whitish-grey scales ; similar scales on sub-

median ; two fine brown lines following postmedial, well

apart, and with small darker spots on veins ; fine black lines

on interspaces to termen, interrupted by the faint whitish

subterminal line ; a terminal dark line interrupted by veins.

Hind wings: base of costa highly arched, downcurved and

produced at vein 6; subbasal, antemedial, medial, postmedial,

and outer fuscous lines, the postmedial broadest ; some sub-

terminal greyish scaling. Wings below brownish white;

the postmedial line outcurved, well marked ; the subterminal

dark line more distinct on fore wings ; a black discal point

on fore wings.

Expanse 17 mm.

Hab. Poas.

Eupithecia cariosa, sp. n.

@. Palpi yellow-brown, the second joint irrorated above

with black. Head and collar yellow-brown. Thorax dark

brown crossed in front with white spots and with a medial

spot behind. Abdomen brown; black dorsal tufts on

segments. Wings dark brown, the veins irrorated with

black and white ; a subterminal lunular dentate white line

partly interrupted and inwardly shaded with fuscous above

Tleterocera from Costa Rica. 369

and below vein 5; the cell, the inner margin broadly, and

a shade from cell to apex irrorated with fuscous; a fine

medial white line outangled on discocellular ; traces of a

similar antemedial line. Hind wings: a geminate medial

paler shade, and fuscous postmedial shade, all ill defined.

Wings below brownish grey ; the postmedial and subterminal

fuscous shades well defined, the latter followed by a dentate

whitish line on fore wings, and by a wavy shade on hind

wings with branches towards postmedial; fine lines on

discocellular, and traces of antemedial lines.

Expanse 22 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Eupithecia contexta, sp. n.

?. Body fuscous mottled with grey. Fore wings fuscous

brown crossed by whitish-grey lines, outcurved and sinuous ;

a subbasal line; the antemedial and medial fascia broad,

divided by a fuscous line; the space following crossed by a

whitish line and limited by the white postmedial which is

also divided by a fuscous line ; a subterminal lunular dentate

white line; cilia whitish grey with dark spots; the sub-

costal vein to Just beyond postmedial light brown; the end

of median and veins 3 and 4 partly light brown; vein 6

light brown between postmedial and subterminal; a dark

line on discocellular. Some specimens are greyer and the

shade following antemedial is velvety black. Hind wings

dark brownish grey ; traces of two antemedial and a medial

line ; median, vein 2, and inner margin irrorated with fuscous

brown, the inner margin with white lines also. Wings

below brownish grey. Fore wings: four outcurved daiker

lines beyond middle and a subterminal shade broadest on

costa. Hind wings: two antemedial, a medial, and post-

medial line; outer margin darker-shaded, with small whitish

subterminal spots on interspaces; dark points on veins on

either side of postmedial line. ‘This species has a dis-

tinguishing feature in the light brown subcostal, and similar

shade on vein 6. ‘The only species approaching it is

FE. viperea, Schs.

Expanse 22 mm,

Hab, Juan Vinas, Poas.

Eupithecia derogata, sp. n.

3. Antenne pectinated. Palpi and head buff. Thorax

and abdomen dark grey, irrorated with fuscous; darker

segmental lines; some light brown shading on patagia.

370 Mr. W. Schaus on

Fore wings: costal margin dark grey, with fuscous lines ;

a fuscous space between cell and submedian to vein 2 ; cell

and inner margin brown ; subbasal and antemedial fine black

lines, barely traceable ; a dark line on discocellular, preceded

by two dark lines in cell; a fine dark postmedial line

followed by a broad fuscous shade from costa to vein 4, and

another fine fuscous line; below vein 4 there is a brownish

shade followed by a lunular line ; an outer fine brown line

followed by similar shadings to termen, crossed by a very

faint subterminal pale line, partly shaded with fuscous; a.

fine terminal fuscous line; cilia fuscous spotted with whitish.

Hind wings: costal margin highly arched with large fovea

containing long hairs, outwardly downbent and produced

above vein 4; antemedial, medial, and postmedial broad

fuscous lines, the last followed by a fine brown line ; outer

space brown, crossed by a white subterminal line inwardly

shaded with fuscous ; an interrupted terminal line. Wings

below whitish grey. Fore wings: an oval dark space below

cell, corresponding to fovea of hind wings; a dark line on

discocellular, postmedial and subterminal lines dark, out-

curved. Hind wings: fovea black ; antemedial, postmedial,

and subterminal darker lines.

Expanse 17 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas, Avangarez.

Eupithecia dissors, sp. n.

g. Palpi and collar buff. Head and thorax greyish

brown. Abdomen brown shaded with fuscous dorsally.

Fore wings buff, the lines broad fuscous grey ; a fuscous

basal shade ; an antemedial line, the medial suffusing with

postmedial below subcostal; a fuscous streak on disco-

cellular ; the outer edge of postmedial lunular dentate ; the

subterminal shade outwardly lunular dentate edged with

greyish-buff scales; a fine terminal black line; cilia with

faintly darker shades at veins. Hind wings: costal margin

grey, broadly fuscous shaded beyond middle; inner half

buff-brown; a medial and a subterminal fuscous line.

Wings below buff-brown shaded with fuscous grey; dark

discal spots. Fore wings: an antemedial and broader post-

medial line; the outer margin broadly darker, crossed by a

subterminal macular buff line. Hind wings: a subbasal

line; a medial line touching discal spot ; a subterminal shade

suffusing with terminal shade at apex.

Expanse 17 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Heterocera from Costa Rica. 371

Cupithecia fausta, sp. 0.

3. Frons light brown. Vertex and body greyish white,

the abdomen shaded with light yellow-brown. Fore wings:

costal margin and a little more than terminal third pale

yellow-brown ; a white streak along cell in front to sub-

terminal line, which is also white, and expands to termen

between veins 3 and 4; cell behind, and below to inner

margin, dark grey ; a terminal interrupted fuscous line ; cilia

dark grey. Hind wings: the basal half dark grey, followed

by a white shade, and then pale yellow-brown ; the termen

broadly white; the terminal line preceded by yellowish

shades in places. Fore wings below brown, the inner margin

silky grey. Hind wings below whitish.

Expanse 15 mm,

Hab. Poas.

Eupithecia josefina, sp. n.

2. Head and collar greyish brown. Thorax and abdomen

brown ; a fuscous shade across thorax in front; a buff shade

across base of abdomen. Wings light silky brown ; a fine

terminal dark line; cilia mottled with lighter brown. Fore

wings: lines on costa and inner margin slightly darker

brown, not traceable otherwise; a small black spot on

discocellular ; an outer faint paler line; subterminal whitish,

interrupted, preceded on costa by a fuscous-brown spot.

Hind wings: the inner margin mottled with dark brown

and white; a brown streak on discocellular; subterminal

white, only near anal angle. Wings below greyish brown.

Fore wings: costa mottled with grey between the lines ;

antemedial vertical ; black discal spots, postmedial and sub-

terminal slightly outeurved. Hind wings ; the lines slightly

darker; two antemedial, a broader medial, a punctiform

postmedial, and dentate subterminal line.

Expanse 17 mm.

Hab. San José.

Eupithecia macreus, sp. n.

9. Body brownish grey, the abdomen mottled with

fuscous. Fore wings dark brown, crossed by thick light

brown lines, the dark portions edged with fuscous; basal,

subbasal, and antemedial lines slightly inbent; medial line

sinuous passing close beyond fuscous streak on discocellular,

a broad postmedial space dark brown, light brown on costa

with three fuscous spots, otherwise crossed by a single

372 Mr. W. Schaus on

fuscous line, outwardly edged with some whitish scaling and

a light brown shade followed by a dentate black line ; sub-

terminal line white, lunular ; termen with light brown

shading on interspaces; an interrupted terminal dark line ;

cilia grey-brown with darker spots. Hind wings brownish

white ; a dark streak on discocellular ; lines faintly indicated ;

the subterminal dentate, better defined; a black terminal

line. Wings below pale brownish. Fore wings: medial,

postmedial, and outer lines outcurved on costal half, then

vertical ; subterminal evenly curved. Hind wings: post-

medial line the darkest, followed by a very fine line; the

subterminal lunular.

Exxpanse 26 mm.

Hab. Poas.

Hupithecia montana, sp. n.

@. Wings long and narrow. Body and wings greyish

buff, faintly tinged with brown. Abdomen: a transyerse

dark brown shade near base; dorsal fuscous points. Fore

wings: lines indicated by broad dark shades on costal

margin, otherwise by irrorations slightly inbent and forming

small spots on median and points on submedian ; subbasal

on costal only ; antemedial fine; medial barely traceable

below cell ; postmedial inangled on subcostal, with dark

streaks on costa and beyond cell; an outer row of points on

veins ; terminal space somewhat darker-shaded; the pale

subterminal line faintly indicated; a dark interrupted

terminal line. Hind wings slightly whiter: a black discal

point, and fuscous line through it to inner margin ; lines

preceding it only on inner margin; a faint subterminal line

not reaching costa; termen darker-shaded; a dark terminal

line. Wings below duller ; black discal points, dark terminal

line. Fore wings: postmedial and outer lines faintly indi-

cated. Hind wings: medial line reaching costa; outer line

indicated by brown streaks on veins.

Expanse 21 mm.

Hab. Poas.

Eupithecia nemoralis, sp. n.

@. Body greenish white, the abdomen irrorated with

fuscous. Wings greenish white. J*ore wings: the lines

below cell and vein 4 very finely reddish brown; a fuscous

shade at base of costa; antemedial line faintly indicated,

geminate; medial line outangled at black discocellular point,

followed by a broad dark shade to cell ; postmedial macular

Tleterocera from Costa Rica. * 873

on costa, dark brown, slightly outcurved, parallel with medial

line below vein 4, and followed from vein 4 to costa by a

broad fuscous-brown shade; a fine greenish outer line,

followed by a fine reddish-brown line partly punctiform ;

subterminal black spots, largest on costa and between veins

4 and 5, faintly connected by a dentate white line; an

interrupted terminal black line. Hind wings: black irrora-

tions forming fine antemedial and medial lines; a similar

broad postmedial shade, dividing into three fine lines on

costa; outer space tinged with pale green; the dentate

subterminal white line preceded by small black spots; a

black terminal line, interrupted at veins; cilia greenish with

dark spots.

Expanse 18 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas,

A male from the Volcano of Turrialba, which I think

belongs to this species, has the costal shadings reddish brown,

the cilia reddish brown, and there is a distinct white spot on

discocellular of fore wings.

Expanse 13 mm,

Eupithecia olivocostata, sp. n.

?. Palpi, head, collar, and thorax yellow-brown, probably

olive-green when fresh. Abdomen dull greyish brown with

paler segmental lines. Wings dull dark brown; a slightly

darker terminal line; cilia buff, darker-shaded at veins.

Fore wings: costal margin olive-green; a small fuscous

spot on discocellular, and pale oblique shade above it; lines

not traceable ; a faint fuscous postmedial shade, a subterminal

white spot below vein 2, a larger spot between 3 and 4, and

a faint whitish line from vein 5 to costa. Hind wings:

costa broadly shaded with whitish to near apex; a dark

streak on discocellular ; faint antemedial and medial lines;

postmedial broader, heavier marked ; subterminal white spots

on interspaces, the largest between veins 3 and 4. Wings

below whitish buff, a faint antemedial line; dark brown

streaks on discocellulars; postmedial line outcurved; thie

subterminal whitish spots preceded by a dark shade; the

termen faintly dark-shaded.

Expanse 27 mm.

Hab. Poas.

Eupithecia placens, sp. n.

9. Palpi and frons brown. Vertex, collar, and thorax

greyish. Abdomen brown, with some darker irrorations,

374 Mr. W. Schaus on

Wings whitish grey ; darker shades on cilia at veins. Fore

wings: costal margin shaded with buff; lines faint, pale

brown ; subbasal, antemedial, and medial lines not traceable

below cell; some black scales near end of cell; a round

black spot on discocellular ; postmedial shade slightly darker-

tinged, outcurved beyond cell, marked with fine fuscous

streaks on veins; a dull reddish-brown subterminal shade

outwardly crossed by a fine pale line. Hind wings greyer;

inner margin buff, crossed by three dark brown spots,

Wings below darker grey ; faint discal spots ; lines barely.

indicated.

Eixpanse 22 mm.

Hab, Juan Vinas, Poas.

Eupithecia rectilinea, sp. n.

Q. Palpi buff. Head whitish.buff. Thorax and abdomen

buff with transverse brown lines, interrupted dorsally. Fore

wings long, narrow; anal angle rounded. Wings brown,

the lines whitish ; terminal whitish points; a fine whitish

line at base of cilia; subterminal line parallel with termen,

inangled on submedian, Fore wings: costa shaded with

buff to near postmedial ; subbasal and antemedial lines, dark

brown on costa, inbent below it ; medial line inbent from

subcostal; postmedial straight. Hind wings: antemedial

and medial line straight ; postmedial slightly upcurved to-

wards inner margin. Fore wings below silky grey-brown ;

medial and postmedial buff, inwardly shaded with fuscous,

well marked on costal half. Hind wings below ; an ante-

medial and postmedial darker brown shade outwardly edged

with buff-brown.

Expanse 16 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Eupithecia rufa, sp. n.

@. Palpi and head greyish buff. Collar and thorax pale

reddish. Abdomen dark brown, the terminal segment buff ;

lateral reddish spots. Wings dark brownish grey. Fore

wings: base reddish limited by a fine subbasal black line ;

two faint antemedial darker lines, curved on costa and inbent,

chiefly indicated by irrorations; medial space from below

cell to costa pale red, darker on costa, outwardly edged by a

postmedial curved dark line, faintly defined and not crossing

costal margin, where the reddish shade extends somewhat ;

an outer row of pale points on veins; a subterminal whitish

Tleterocera from Costa Rica. 375

line, partly obsolescent from below vein 5; terminal pale

points. Hind wings: a faint antemedial and postmedial

darker shade; terminal roseate points. Wings below silky

brownish grey; darker discal spots, and a postmedial shade ;

subterminal paler spots.

Expanse 19 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Eupithecta subtilis, sp. n.

? . Head and collar fuscous mottled with buff. Thorax

and base of abdomen buff-brown ; abdomen otherwise mottled

and spotted with black. Fore wings buff-brown ; base of

costa and cell fuscous; a black discal spot containing a few

grey scales; a fuscous shade on costa from before end of cell

to postmedial, crossed by whitish lines ; three postmedial

fine indistinct lines, fuscous-shaded on inner margin ; a very

faint subterminal pale shade; cilia tipped with grey. Hind

wings: the apical area buff-brown, the inner margin irrorated

with fuscous ; black and whitish spots and lines on median,

veins 2 and 3, and submedian. Wings below dark greyish

brown, with fuscous discal spots. Fore wings: traces of

darker lines chiefly on costa. Hind wings: traces of dark

lines ; some whitish lines on inner margin from middle to

termen ; some terminal whitish shades.

Expanse 17 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Eupithecia summissa, sp. n.

¢. Body and fore wings dull grey. Fore wings thinly

irrorated with fuscous brown; a fine wavy subbasal fuscous

line ; a nearly medial fuscous line suffusing with an oblique

black line across costa and discocellular ; two fine outcurved

lines beyond followed by the more heavily shaded postmedial

fuscous line; postmedial followed by three fine brownish

lines, the two outer lines more heavily marked, the last

edging the subterminal shade which is dull grey ; the termen

darker grey ; a terminal fuscous line. Hind wings brownish

grey, more darkly irrorated on outer and inner margins ;

traces of a line on inner margin. Wings below paler, the

lines darker, very faint. Hind wings: two antemedial, a

medial, postmedial, and subterminal lines equally apart.

Expanse 19 mm.

Hab. Poas.

Vein 5 on fore wing from lower angle of cell,

376 Mr. W. Schaus on

Eupithecia superans, sp. n.

g. Frons fuscous; vertex whitish grey. Collar brown,

thorax whitish grey; the patagia shaded with fuscous.

Abdomen brown dorsally shaded with grey at middle.

Wings pale slate-grey ;_ cilia. light brown with darker

shadings. Fore wings: base of costa brown limited by a

wavily inbent black line, followed by a clear grey shade ; an

antemedial faint brownish shade originating from a black

costal spot, followed by a finer clear grey line and then an

oblique black spot on costa ; costa medially brown ; a fuscous

streak on discocellular, followed by a clear grey line edged

with dark brown, outcurved, lunular to middle of inner

margin ; postmedial clear grey inwardly preceded by a broad

fuscous shade on costa, a smaller shade at vein 4, and short

streaks on veins 5, 2, fold, and submedian, outwardly finely

edged with brown, this line is inbent on costa, slightly out-

bent, and somewhat wavy ; subterminal line lunular dentate,

whitish grey, crossing a fuscous shade between veins 5 and 4,

which are terminally brown, and preceded by a brown shade

from vein 3 to inner margin; termen partly shaded with

fuscous, the tips of veins 2 and 6 also brown. Hind wings

crenulate, with lines corresponding to fore wings; the post-

medial preceded by a fuscous shade between veins 3 and 5;

the subterminal preceded by brownish shades; terminal

brown shades, except space between veins 3 and 4 which is

whitish grey. Wings below dull grey. Fore wings: a dark

line from costa across black discocellular streak ; a fuscous

postmedial shade, broad on costa where it is preceded by a

short line, interrupted from vein 6 to near 4, with only a spot

on vein 5. Hind wings: a faint antemedial and medial

line; the postmedial broad, fuscous, angled between veins 4

and 2.

Expanse 24 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Eupithecia tenebricosa, sp. 0.

g. Palpi, head, and collar whitish buff. Thorax and

abdomen dark purplish brown. Fore wings brown, basal

half tinged with purple, the lines and shades fuscous brown ;

basal and subbasal lines fine, outcurved, followed by a spot

on costa, and smaller shade in cell ; antemedial fine, out-

angled in cell, and wavily inbent, followed by a broader

parallel shade; a round black spot at end of cell crossed by

an outcurved ‘line ; postmedial shade broad, followed by a

fine line punctiform on veins; subterminal greyish, fine,

Heterocera from Costa Rica. 377

preceded by a broad dark shade and followed by fuscous

streaks on veins ; no terminal line; cilia brown mottled with

fuscous brown. Hind wings brown, paler on costa; basal,

antemedial, and medial lines on inner margin 3 postmedial

reaching costa ; outer margin broadly darker; the subter-

minal whitish brown. Wings below paler, Fore wings: a

fuscous streak on discocellular; postmedial fine, followed by

a broad fuscous shade, not reaching inner margin; subter-

minal broad, paler. Hind wings; basal and medial lines,

the latter crossing a dark spot on discocellular; postmedial

broad, fuscous on costa ; a broad subterminal brown shade ;

terminal brown shadings, s

Expanse 19 mm.

Hab. Poas,

Eupithecia tenera, sp. n,

3. Body and wings white faintly tinged with olive-grey.

Fore wings: basal fourth of costa narrowly fuscous grey ;

a similar triangular spot medially on costa, darker-edged,

its apex formed by a fuscous-brown spot on discocellular ;

a subterminal clearer white dentate line, preceded by faint

dark shades on costa and on interspaces between veins 3

and 5; a better-marked fuscous point above tornus. Hind

wings: a dark discal point ; clearer white antemedial, post-

medial, and subterminal shades, the last preceded by some

fine dark shadings. Wings below suffused with dark grey,

and with black discal spots. Hind wings: the suffusions

forming an angled postmedial white shade.

Expanse 15 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Eupithecia tremula, sp. n,

2. Head, collar, and thorax white; a transverse black

line on patagia; thorax shaded behind with light brown,

Abdomen white shaded with grey from beyond base ; black

dorsal points, Fore wings whitish, the lines consisting of

fuscous irrorations forming spots on costa ; costa shaded with

pale brown ; subcostal and veins terminally brownish buff;

subbasal line fine, outangled below cell; three antemedial

lines, coarser; an oblique black streak on discocellular; a

fine medial line beyond cell; postmedial outbent to vein 6,

then wavily inbent, fuscous, preceded by a broad fuscous

grey shade, followed by a fine brown line; subterminal

wavy, white, preceded and followed by fuscous and brown

shadings from vein 8 to vein 4, and near inner margin;

Ann, & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xi. 26

378 Mr. W. Schaus on

a fine terminal black line; cilia whitish with dark grey spots.

Hind wings whitish; some fuscous irrorations at base of

inner margin; a spot on discocellular anteriorly ; postmedial

fuscous streaks on veins, followed by a very fine and faint

line ; subterminal dentate, well marked, and punctiform on

veins; terminal dark shadings and line. Wings below

whitish grey, the lines fuscous grey. Fore wings: line

across costa and cell thick, followed by a fine line, and

broader outeurved postmedial ; a subterminal line. Hind

wings: basal irrorations; faint antemedial and medial lines ;

a dark line on discocellular ; postmedial with dark streaks on

veins ; subterminal more heayily shaded on veins.

Expanse 20 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas, Poas.

Eupithecia turptcula, sp. n.

@. Palpi and collar brown. Head and thorax fuscous ;

white spots at base of antennae ; abdomen grey ; black dorsal

points; base and terminal segment buff. Fore wings grey ;

irrorations, lines, and sbadings brownish, darkest on costa ;

subbasal and geminate antemedial lines fine, slightly curved ;

a medial shade, darker-edged, followed by a broad white

shade from costa to vein 4, outwardly crossed by a fine dark

line, and an oblique line on discocellular ; postmedial shade

broad ; outcurved, followed by a fine line; a subterminal

dark shade, partly edged outwardly with whitish scales;

terminal dark shades on interspaces ; cilia dark brown, with

a fine white line at base and whitish spots. Hind wings

white ; a dark discal point ; lines well marked on inner

margin ; postmedial faint towards costa, partly punctiform ;

subterminal punctiform; termen shaded with brown; cilia

white, with dark spots. Wings below whitish tinged with

brownish grey ; fuscous lines on discocellular, Fore wings:

postmedial shade broad. Hind wings: basal shade broad ;

medial line curved just beyond cell; postmedial very fine,

followed by dark streaks on veins; subterminal and terminal

shades almost suffusing.

Expanse 20 mm.

Hab. Turrialba.

Eupithecia valeria, sp. n.

gd. Antenne pubescent, Wings broad. Body and wings

buff-brown ; some black irrorations on thorax behind ; dorsal

black points on abdomen not reaching base. Fore wings:

Heterocera from Costa Rica. 379

an interrupted fuscous streak on subcostal ; a fine black sub-

basal line; antemedial fine, curved on costa, inbent, preceded

by some fuscous irrorations and followed by a faint medial

line; an outbent line to black discal point ; some yellow-

brown shading above median at end of cell; black irrorations

beyond cell ; postmedial fuscous, slightly outcurved to vein 6,

then inbent, outwardly edged with whitish, and a fine black

lunular line ; outer space broadly clearer brown, divided by

the subterminal white line, which interrupts some fuscous

shadings on interspaces; traces of an interrupted terminal

black line; cilia darker grey, with brownish spots. Hind

wings: some black irrorations at base of inner margin ;

a black discal point; postmedial line distinct ; marginal

shadings crossed by a faint subterminal whitish line. Wings

below bone-colour ; black discal points ; a postmedial fuscous

line close to cell, distinct ; a subterminal line and terminal

fuscous shade ; traces of an antemedial line.

Eixpanse 16 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Near £. orsetilla, Dr,

Eupithecia venusta, sp. n.

2. Head, thorax, base, and two terminal segments of

abdomen white. Collar and abdomen medially orange-

brown, dorsal black points on abdomen. Wings white.

Fore wings: basal third of costa orange-brown; a subbasal

cluster of black scales below subcostal, some scattered black

seales below it, and a few beyond on subcostal; a broad

orange-brown medial incurved fascia, interrupted in and

below cell by fuscous irrorations and edged on extreme costa

with fuscous; a broad similar shade extends from the fascia

along veins 3 and 4 to termen, bifurcating to tornus and

vein 5, enclosing a terminal white spot; these branches

partly edged with fuscous scales; veins 4 and 5 terminally

black, with subterminal white points ; a fine irregular black

line encloses a white spot beyond cell ; an orange-brown sub-

terminal spot on costa; a terminal black line. Hind wings:

a broad orange-brown medial shade not reaching costa,

irrorated with fuscous on inner margin, forming three lines ;

a small cluster of black scales above anal angle; an oblique

orange shade from above vein 3 to termen at angle; a

terminal black line; the outer margin produced at vein 3.

Wings below shaded with grey, especially the fore wing,

which has a black discocellular line, and fine postmedial,

outer, and subterminal darker lines, Hind hea an antes

26%

380 Mr. W. Schaus on

medial, medial, and subterminal line ; a dark discal point ;

the terminal line black.

Expanse 19 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Eupithecia vilis, sp. n.

9. Body dark grey ; segmental black lines on abdomen.

Fore wings greyish brown, irrorated with fuscous brown ;

lines mostly very indistinct and not traceable; antemedial

apparently outcurved; a dark spot medially on costa and

dark shade on discocellular ; the median shaded with buff

between veins 3 and 43; postmedial wavily outcurved, puncti-

form on veins, followed by a fine whitish-grey line, and

another series of dark points ; subterminal distinct, whitish,

lunular dentate ; terminal dark grey triangular shadings, but

no line; cilia mottled with whitish. Hind wings similar ;

veins 2 and 3 more darkly irrorated ; the lines somewhat

punctiform. Wings.below paler, without irrorations, the

lines faintly marked ; a terminal darker shade on hind wings.

Expanse 19 mm.

Hab. Peas.

Nearest HZ. summissa, Schaus, but with a brown tinge; the

discocellular more vertical.

Eupithecia viperea, sp. n.

@. Body greyish, with darker irrorations; a transverse

black line on second segment of abdomen. Fore wings

greyish, more darkly irrorated, base of costa fuscous ; traces

of fine darker lines; a broad, outcurved, wavy black fascia

just before middle edged with whitish grey ; a dark streak on

discocellular ; postmedial line whitish, inwardly shaded with

dark brown, outwardly edged by a fine dark line and then

with light brown and another fine dark line; the subcostal

and all the veins terminally light brown ; subterminal white,

interrupted by veins and partly shaded with dark brown ;

a terminal dark line. Hind wings: a dark streak on disco-

cellular; traces of lines, well marked on inner margin ; the

subterminal better defined, fuscous grey, dentate ; a terminal

dark shade interrupted by line.. Wings below brownish

white; dark streaks on discocellular. Fore wings: the post-

medial and subterminal outeurved, brownish. Hind wings:

an antemedial, medial, and two postmedial lines; a sub-

terminal lunular line. Easily distinguished from L. conteata,

Schs., by the veins on fore wings being all light brown

Fleterocera from Costa Rica. 381

terminally and by the whiter hind wings and different

markings below.

Expanse 23 mm.

Hab, Poas.

Eupithecia vitans, sp. n.

3. Body and fore wings pale bistre; abdomen dorsally

shaded with brown. Fore wings: some fuscous-brown

irrorations below cell, at end, just beyond cell, and at base of

inner margin ; a black spot on discocellular; the lines not

traceable except on costa; some shining whitish irrorations

at end of cell and postmedially ; the subterminal consisting

of similar scales forming a dentate line, preceded by small

fuscous shades; the outer margin somewhat darker; an

interrupted dark terminal line. Hind wings whitish; a

black discal spot ; black irrorations forming lines on inner

margin ; a grey postmedial shade and slightly darker sub-

terminal and terminal shades. Wings below white; a

terminal dark brown line with whitish points at veins. Fore

wings: black basal and antemedial shades on costa ; a brown

costal spot above the black discocellular spot ; a fine brown

postmedial line originating from a black costal spot ; sub-

terminal shade brown, on costa black. Hind wings: brown

irrorations at base; a black discal spot; postmedial line

punctiform ; a narrow subterminal shade.

The female is rather darker.

Expanse, ¢ 16 mm., 2? 20 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas, Tuis, Cachi.

Dochephora discordans, sp. n.

g. Antenne simple. Palpi light reddish brown. Body

brown shaded with fuscous. Fore wings very broad ter-

minally ; costal margin slightly sinuous ; underneath with a

vesicle between veins 2 and 3, filled with short hairs;

a larger smooth vesicle below vein 2; vesicles above black,

wing otherwise greyish brown ; an oblique fuscous streak on

discocellular ; a postmedial darker brown vertical line and

subterminal similar broader line, slightly curved. Hind

wings small; costal margin arched; outer margin rounded ;

a long vesicle on upper side below costa containing a tuft of

long whitish hairs; wings mostly dark grey, the inner

margin brown, with darker subterminal and terminal lines,

Wings below brownish grey ; faint traces of lines on fore

wings.

@. Thorax grey; body otherwise pale yellow-brown, with

382 . Mr. W. Schaus on

dark brown shadings, forming segmental lines on abdomen.

Wings pale greyish brown, irrorated with brown, and short,

shining, curly scales; antemedial and medial lines fine,

darker brown ; postmedial line broader, fuscous brown ; sub-

terminal similar, outwardly edged with greyish white; a

terminal line interrupted by veins. Fore wings: the sub-

costal and base of costa yellowish brown ; a small black spot

on discocellular ; the veins terminally lighter brown. Wings

below smoky grey, the lines darker, the postmedial most

distinct ; black lines on discocellular, very fine on hind

wings.

Expanse, g 14, 2 18 mm.

Hab. Guapiles, Juan Vinas.

Tithraustes longipennis, sp. v.

?. Abdomen fuscous. Head mottled with white; an

orange spot on shoulders; a whitish dorsal line on abdomen ;

abdomen ventrally white. Fore wings fuscous brown; a

broad white line below cell from base, not reaching vein 2 ;

a semihyaline white fascia beyond cell from stalk of veins 3

and 4 to stalk of veins 7-10; a large white spot below

vein 3 to submedian near termen; a small terminal white

spot on vein 5. Hind wings black ; a semihyaline white

fascia below cell, crossed by vein 2; a white spot beyond

cell.

Expanse 46 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas, Limon.

LHHyrmina cerulescens, sp. n.

3. Palpi black. Frons white, black medially. Body

blue-black ; abdomen ventrally white. Fore wings black

shot with blue, brighter on inner margin; a whitish streak

above submedian, not reaching termen ; a hyaline streak in

cell and a very slight streak at base below cell; a broad

hyaline fascia beyond cell from subcostal to submedian; sub-

apical hyaline spots between veins 5 and 8. Hind wings

shot with bright blue; a hyaline streak in and below cell,

not reaching termen; all the wings black across hyaline

spaces. Wings below black, the hind wings with a broad

white streak on costa to middle, and the inner margin

broadly whitish streaked with fuscous.

Expanse, ¢ 28, 9 33 mm.

Hab. Carillo.

Heterocera from Costa Rica. 383

Uraniide.

Psamathia sordidata, sp. n.

d. Body and wings grey, the latter finely and thinly

striated with brown. Fore wings: the extreme costa striated

with fuscous; inner line fine, dark brown, outbent from

costa ; outer line broader, outwardly narrowly shaded with

lighter brown, slightly angled below vein G ; a small sub-

terminal black spot between veins 6 and 7; cilia brown,

darkest at base, Hind wings: outer line deeply angled on

vein 4, geminate, divided by a lighter brown line; outer

margin paler-shaded ; a terminal brown shade, outwardly

finely edged with whitish grey, the shade interrupted between

veins 4 and 3; terminal fuscous-brown spots below vein 4

and vein 3. Underneath dull grey without markings.

Expanse 29 mm.

Hab. Guapiles, La Florida, Tuis.

Very close to P. parallelaria, Warr., which has the outer

line vertical; also larger.

Epiplema eolis, sp. n.

6. Body and wings white. Fore wings: the base faintly

tinged with pale brown; costal margin irrorated with grey ;

some dark brown urorations forming an outer row of small

spots ; a few subterminal dark brown scales. Hind wings:

some antemedial irrorations ; the postmedial line better de-

fined, macular ; a cluster of dark scales above anal angle ;

a few subterminal and terminal brown scales.

9. Body and wings white; more numerous irrorations

forming a fine antemedial line ; some medial irrorations ; the

postmedial line geminate, with a small spot above vein 4 on

fore wings; brown striz at tornus of fore wings and sub-

terminally on hind wing.

Expanse 21 mm.

Hab. Guapiles.

Near EZ. adjectaria, Wik.

Epiplema cononaria, sp. n.

9. Body and wings grey faintly tinged with brown.

Fore wings: a few darker irrorations; extreme costa with

small fuscous-brown spots; a fine antemedial reddish-brown

line, outcurved, touching a small brown spot on subcostal ; a

large fuscous spot close beyond cell; postmedial line reddish

brown, fine, but broader on costa, slightly inbent ; a terminal

384 Mr. W. Schaus on

reddish-brown shade from vein 4 to apex, with marginal

black points ; cilia light brown, spotted with fuscous. Hind

wings darker-shaded ; antemedial and postmedial lines dark

brown, coarser, macular, shaded with buff; the medial space

with fuscous striz#; outer and subterminal fuscous striz ;

termen narrowly shaded with brown; cilia whitish buff,

divided by a brown line. Wings below grey, with a few

dark strie.

FEixpanse, ¢ 14-20, 2 17-21 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas, Cachi, San José, Poas.

The largest specimens are from Poas.

Epiplema proclivaria, sp. n.

?. Body and wings brown; palpi grey; frons black.

Fore wings: a few dark strie on basal third; a dark brown

medial line, heavier-shaded on margins, outcurved, almost

angled at vein 4; an outer inbent fuscous shade, outwardly

shaded with dark brown, and followed by a small white spot

between veins 4 and 5, below vein 2 outcurved, filled in with

fuscous brown, and outwardly edged by a short white line ;

a small marginal fuscous spot between veins 5 and 6. Hind

wings: inner margin paler-shaded; antemedial line out-

curved, dark brown; postmedial line dark brown, outwardly

edged by a fine whitish line; outer margin produced between

veins 6 and 7. Wings below brown, with a few fuscous

irrorations; a very fine darker postmedial line.

Expanse 32 mm.

flab. Poas.

Near £. lacerataria, Wk.

Epiplema lustrata, sp. n.

3. Frons black. Vertex yellow. Body and wings light

grey. Fore wings: some scattered black irrorations ; medial

line outeurved, fine, light reddish brown; an outer fascia,

reddish brown on costa to vein 5, then darker grey, outwardly

defined by a fine reddish line and irrorated with black, below

vein 2 reddish, broadly edged with fuscous brown, and suffu-

sing with medial line; a subterminal fuscous shade from

vein 3 to tornus; a terminal reddish-brown shade at excision

below apex, inwardly edged by a black line; cilia black on

excision. Hind wings: base and inner margin whitish grey,

otherwise reddish brown ; afew fuscous irrorations ; a medial

dark brown line from vein 3 to inner margin; outer line

angled between veins 4 and 3, white on brown space, dark

Fleterocera from Costa Rica. 385

brown on inner margin ; a marginal black point below vein 4,

a dark brown line from vein 4 to apex. Fore wings below

fuscous grey, the margins buff; subterminal black stria.

Hind wings below whitish yellow; some black strie, chiefly

near apex.

Expanse 20 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Epiplema chremesaria,

?. Frons black, vertex and body fuscous brown, the collar

and patagia tinged with steel-blue. Fore wings fuscous to

outer line, tinged with steel-blue and mottled with dark

brown strive; lines brown; medial line angled at vein 4,

inwardly edged from cell to inner margin with whitish

scales; outer line outwardly edged with whitish scales ;

terminal space light brown, with fuscous striz; a fuscous

shade above tornus and terminally from veins 3-7, with

marginal dark brown spots above and below vein 5. Hind

wings similar, the terminal space dark brown; inner line ~

downbent to below middle of inner margin, inwardly edged

by a whitish line ; postmedial outangled between veins 3 and

4, outwardly. white-edged ; a greyish shade crossed by brown

strie at anal angle. Fore wings below fuscous grey to outer

line, the terminal space brown, with dark strize. Hind wings

below pale brown, shaded with fuscous at base, erossed by

dark striz.

Expanse 24 mm,

Hab. Laguna.

Vein 5 on fore wings is from a little below upper angle.

Epiplema? similaria, sp. n.

6. Frons fuscous. Vertex, collar, and thorax grey-

brown. Abdomen fuscous grey. Fore wings very broad

terminally, margin excavated between veins 6 and 4; apex

blunt, light brown, thinly irrorated with fuscous brown;

inner margin shaded with fuscous grey ; an angled coarse

fuscous-brown line from costa before middle to below vein 4

at its base, then upbent to costa. Hind wings small, fuscous

grey, the outer half covered with coarse ochreous scales,

Wings below paler ; the fore wings with irrorations only,

Expanse 24 mm.

Hab, Juan Vinas.

Veins 3 and 4 on hind wings are stalked.

Near £. carilla, Druce.

386 On Lleterocera from Costa Rica.

Antiplema clipearia, sp. n.

¢. Head fuscous brown. Collar and thorax in front dark

grey-brown ; thorax behind paler-shaded. Abdomen dark

grey-brown. Wings light brown, with some darker irrora-

tions. Fore wings: costal margin to postmedial broadly

dark grey; a dark brown line from just before middle of

costa, outbent to below vein 3, then upbent to costa, on which

it is slightly incurved, outwardly edged where upturned with

whitish-grey striz ; a similar curved line on inner margin

beyond middle, the space within it darker-shaded ; costa

subterminally fuscous grey and some darker shadings below

it; a marginal wavy black line, not reaching tornus, in-

wardly edged with whitish-grey strie; a terminal whitish

line. Hind wings: medial space broadly fuscous grey,

limited by the postmedial brown line, outwardly edged with

whitish striae and inwardly by a dark brown antemedial line,

preceded by a paler brown shade on inner margin ; some dark

grey and whitish terminal striz and faint terminal fuscous

* points. Fore wings below grey-brown, with short darker

strie, the hind wings paler.

Expanse 15 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas, San José.

Fore wings: veins 6 and 7 from upper angle; 8 and 9 on

long stalk from middle of cell; 10 close to it; 11 approxi-

mating costal vein.

Gathynia latonaria, sp. n.

2. Frons and collar dark purplish brown. Vertex white.

Thorax and base of abdomen light greyish brown, abdomen

otherwise greyish, thickly irrorated with fuscous brown.

Wings rust-brown; cilia darker, with a pale line at base.

Fore wings: the costal margin broadly shaded with dark

grey and fuscous strie; fuscous striae near base; inner line

fine, brown, outangled aé vein 4, bifurcating at vein 2, and

widely diverging, enclosing a darker space on inner margin ;

outer line dark brown, outcurved, suffusing with branch of

medial line below vein 2; subterminal and terminal black

irrorations; a small black spot at apex and one below it,

inset ; a fine terminal fuscous line. Hind wings: a very

few black irrorations; lines dark brown; inner line twice

outcurved ; outer line downbent and curved, outwardly finely

edged with white scales; termen narrowly darker; a black

spot edged with grey below vein 4. Fore wings below

fuscous grey, shaded with buff on costa and light brown at

Descriptions and Records of Bees. 387

tornus. Hind wings below buff, terminally shaded with

brown; some scattered black irrorations, On fore wings

vein 5 is from middle of discocellular, 6 and 7 from upper

angle, 8 and 9 on long stalk from cell close to 10 and 11,

which are free and not stalked as in typical Gathynia. The

hind wings are toothed at veins 4, 6, and 7.

Expanse 21 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

XLII.—Descriptions and Records of Bees —uUl.

By T. D. A. Cockers tt, University of Colorado.

Hyleoides waterhousei, sp. n.

? —Length about 135 mm.

A species with deep red markings, close to H. concinnula,

Ckll., but pale area on clypeus entirely red, covering the

whole of upper part of clypeus (but not extending beyond),

and ending below as a broad lobe of colour in middle of

clypeus, not reaching lower margin; scutellum and _post-

scutellum red except the narrow anterior border, which in

the case of the scutellum is notched in the middle by the

red; first abdominal segment with at least the basal half

black ; tegule very dark rufo-piceous. The broad red band

on the third abdominal segment is greatly narrowed in the

middle ; ventral white band very well developed ; prothorax

above entirely and broadly red, but tubercles black.

Although this has a very strong superficial resemblance to

the common 4H. concinna (Fab.), it is very distinct struc-

turally by the very coarse deep punctures of the thorax

and the more finely and shallowly but still very well punc-

tured abdomen.

Hab. 8. Australia (Waterhouse) (Nat. Mus. Victoria, 116).

Other specimens of Hyleoides from the Victoria Museum

are all H. concinna, as follows:—(1) males, Raymond Isl.,

247, 246; (2) females, Melbourne (Ff. R. Spry, 117); no

loc., 248 ; Point Lonsdale, January (1. Akershan, 249).

Euryglossa furcifera, sp. n.

? .—Length a little over 4 mm.

Bright chrome-yellow, marked with black; face broad,

quite without dark markings ; apical half of mandibles

388 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Deseriptions and

ferruginous ; flagellum with greyish cross-bands (one to each

joint) above ; a narrow black band across vertex, connecting

ocelli, from which comes a narrow median black line, going

less than halfway down front, while at the sides the band

connects with the linear facial foveze, which are also black,

the whole making the form of a very broad three-pronged

fork ; base of occiput black ; mesothorax largely orange, with

no markings except a pair of very narrow dark lines leaving

the anterior border and failing to reach the middle; pleura

entirely yellow ; upper side (area) of metathorax black, with

a transverse yellow mark. Wings clear, stigma and ner-

vures very pale yellowish ; lower side of first s.m. practically

straight ; second s.m. fairly large, about as broad as high ;

first r.n. entering second s.m. near base or joining first t.-c. ;

upper side of second s.m. very little oblique. Legs yeilow,

the tibiz with a more or less evident brown line behind,

hind tarsi brown behind, Abdomen with about equally

broad transverse bands of yellow and black; venter yellow,

without markings.

&.—Length a little over 3 mm.

Six dark bands (instead of five) on abdomen, these dark

brown, evanescent at margins; lateral prongs of fork-like

mark on head very short.

Hab. Purnong, near Murray River, 8. Australia (S. W.

Fulton). Nine specimens (Nat. Mus. Vict. 140, 234, 218,

139).

The type isa female. Apparently allied to Euryglossina

sulphurella, but differing in the markings and venation. The

facial foveze bend and extend toward the ocelli above as in

sulphurella. The b.n. does not seem to go to the t.-m., but

joins the discoidal nervure so as to make an angle on the

basad side.

Some species of Huryglossa having the same type of colora-

tion as E. furcifera are much larger. LF. flavopicta, Smith,

has the yellow head, with black line enclosing the ocelli, but

there is more dark colour on the thorax and abdomen, the

general effect being very different. . euxantha, Perk., also

has the peculiar cephalic colour and markings, but the

prevailing colour of the mesothorax is black.

Euryglossa ridens, sp. 0.

2? Length slightly over 45 mm.

Broad, the head very broad ; head dullish black, minutely

tessellate, the broad front with a delicate median groove and

a very few scattered punctures; antenne inserted below

Records of Bees. 389

middle of face, the rather thick flagellum pale reddish beneath

except basally ; clypeus brilliant chrome-yellow, broadly

truncate (a little concave) above, with large rectangular

lateral notches; eyes dark purplish; mandibles yellow ;

cheeks entirely dark; thorax pure black, brilliantly shining,

almost without hair; tubercles bright yellow, with a black

spot ; under the microscope the thorax above has an extremely

delicate tessellation, while the mesothorax and scutellum

have a very few scattered punctures; tegule ferruginous.

Wings slightly reddish ; the large stigma and the nervures

dull ferruginous ; lower side of first s.m. distinctly curved ;

second s.m. rather large, receiving first r.n. very near its

base ; no approach to Pachyprosopis venation. Legs very

dark brown, anterior knees and anterior tibiz in front bright

yellow. Abdomen broad and flat, shining dark reddish

brown, the hind corners of segments | to 3 yellow; venter

brown.

Hab. Blue Mts., N.S. Wales (Taylor ; Froggatt coll. 156),

A quite unique species by its small size and the bright

yellow clypeus. LE. sinapipes, Ckll., has a yellow clypeus,

but is otherwise quite a different bee. The specific name is

suggested by the very broad mouth.

Euryglossina sulphurella, sp. n.

2? —Length slightly over 4 mm.

Very pale sulphur-yellow, the head bright yellow, except

the lower parts, the clypeus and adjacent parts, and the

mandibles except the dark apices, being white ; dark brown

linear facial fovee, beginning near the level of the middle of

the face, run very close to the orbital margin until they

reach the top of the eye, when they curve across the vertex

toward the outer ocelli, which they fail to reach by a space

about equal to the diameter of an ocelius; eyes very pale

reddish ; antenne yellow, flagellum quite thick. Wings

clear, with very pale nervures, not reaching to end of abdo-

men ; b.n. robust, falling considerably short of t.-m., but

the b.n. seems to end at the t.-m. and to be joined before its

end by the slender discoidal nervure; stigma large; first

r.n. joining first s.m. some distance from its end, the distance

equal to about three-fifths the length of the first t.-c. ; lower

side of the long first s.m. straight ; second s.m. small, joined

by the second r. n. at its lower apical corner ; lower side of

second s.m. strougly developed ; hind basitarsus long and

slender, with a strong apical spur; very little pubescence,

the abdomen above subapically with quite long finely

390 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Deseriptions and

plumose hairs; legs creamy white; no black markings on

thorax, legs, or abdomen.

¢.—Length less than 4 mm.

Like the female, but without the dark facial fovez ; hind

tibiz very long and slender.

Hab. Purnong, near Murray River, 8S. Australia (S. W.

Fulton). Nine specimens from the National Museum of

Victoria (143, 211, 144).

Entirely unique by the pale yellow colour, without dark

markings. The type is a female. This appears to corre-

spond, in the Australian fauna, to the yellow species of

Perditain the American, and probably, like those, it frequents

yellow flowers.

Euryglossina fultoni, sp. n.

9 .—Length 3-4 mm.

Broad, black, with the usual broad face; moderately

shining, with hardly any pubescence ; labrum ferruginous,

mandibles paler, with darkened tips; flagellum short and

thick, rather dilute reddish brown above, very pale yellowish

below ; tubercles pellucid whitish; tegulz hyaline, with a

cream-coloured patch. Wings clear, brilliantly iridescent,

the large stigma and nervures rufo-fuscous; b.n. very

strongly arched ; lower side of the long first s.m. nearly

straight; first r.n. joining first sm. some distance before

end; second s.m. small, narrow, its upper side strongly

oblique (the venation approaches that of Pachyprosopis).

Legs black basally, but the knees and all the tibize and tarsi

cream-colour, the hind tibize with a large black patch behind.

Abdomen shining, without bands or markings. Under the

microscope the mesothorax is minutely tessellated, with

scattered punctures. The linear facial fovez run parallel

with the inner orbit, without any bent portion above. The

tibiee and tarsi in some specimens are bright yellow. Claws

simple.

¢ .—Length about 27 mm.

Like the female, but face up to level of top of scape,

labrum, mandibles, and a broad band on lower half of cheeks

bright chrome-yellow; antennz chrome-yellow ; sides of

prothorax broadly, as well as tubercles, creamy white ; ante-

rior part of pleura pale ; legs yellow, the femora with dark

markings ; extreme apex of abdomen pale yellowish.

Hab. Purnong, near Murray R., S. Australia (S. W.

Fulton). Sixteen females and one male (Nat. Mus. Vict.,

210, 228, 231, 141, 142, 229, 212). The type is a female.

Records of Bees. 391

This insect is intermediate between Zuryglossina and

Pachyprosopis, differing in no radical way from P. flavicauda,

Ckll., although much smaller and with different details of

coloration. The abdomen has nothing of the purplish lustre

of 12, semipurpurea (Ckll.) and L. cockerelli, Perk.

Luryglossina wanthodonta, sp. n.

$ .—Length about 3} mm.

Bright yellow (altered to red by cyanide in type) and

black, the black distributed as follows : vertex broadly (but

with a square-cornered lobe of yellow in front of middle

ocellus), mesothorax except in front broadly and more nar-

rowly at sides (in front the yellow sends two large triangular

tooth-like lobes into the black), metathorax above, and dorsal

surface of abdomen except sides narrowly, declivity of first

segment, and two transverse yellow bands, at the bases of the

second and third segments; the face, legs, scutellum, and

underside of thorax and abdomen are entirely yellow ; fla-

gellum short and thick, the joints broader than long ; tegule

hyaline. Wings clear, stigma and nervures red-brown ; b.n.

strongly arched, not appearing to reach t.-m.; lower side of

first s.m. nearly straight; first r,n. entering apical corner of

first s.m., and practically in a straight line with first t.-c. ;

second s.m. small and narrow, receiving second r. n. a little

before its end; upper side of second s.m. oblique (approach

to Pachyprosopis venation) ; facial fovee long and limear,

black, not much curved above, but ending about halfway

between eye and lateral ocellus. Claws bidentate.

Hab. Purnong, near Murray River, 8S. Australia (S. WV.

Fulton). Nat. Mus. Vict. 223.

Quite unique by the minute size and peculiar coloration.

Euryglossina chalcosoma, sp. n.

? Length a little over 35 mm.

Head and thorax dark eneous, very minutely tessellate,

the mesothorax with a system of evenly and closely placed

microscopical punctures, joined by fine lines (a fine network

with punctures where the lines intersect) ; front with slightly

crimson tints ; clypeus, supraclypeal area, mandibles (except

tips), labrum, tubercles, and legs bright yellow (turned red

by cyanide in the specimens described) ; head ordinary, face

broad ; flagellum short and thick, light reddish beneath ;

tegule pellucid. Wings clear, nervures and the large stigma

dilute reddish sepia ; lower side of first s.m. straight ; first

392 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Deseriptions and

r.n. joining first s.m. quite a long distance before end ;

second s.m. small and nearly square ; marginal cell bulging

below. Abdomen shining piceous, with the apex rather

broadly yellow, the extreme lateral margins also yellow,

broadening to cover the hind corners of the second and third

segments,

3d .—Length about 3 mm.

Like the female, but face up to above middle of front and

the antenne entirely yellow ; a very fine yellow line following

orbits up to top of eyes; cheeks behind eyes very broadly

yellow; sides and under surface of thorax, with sides and

very broad anterior corners of mesothorax, all yellow;

abdominal venter all yellow.

Hab. Croydon, Australia (Nat. Mus. Vict. 194). 3 9,

1 $ (the type isa @), collected by 8. W. Fulton.

Quite unique by the zneous head and thorax and small

size, the colour and markings closely resembling those of

some species of Perdita.

Euryglossina proctotrypoides, sp. nu.

? .—Length about 4 mm.

Rather narrow and parallel-sided, with a peculiar thick

oblong head, irregularly oval im lateral] profile, the whole

appearance suggesting a Proctotrypid; head and thorax

black, without light markings, abdomen very dark obscure

purplish ; lower margin of clypeus reddish; mandibles

lively castaneous subapically; antenne dark, flagellum obscure

reddish beneath; vertex and thoracic dorsum microscopically

tessellate, with widely scattered extremely feeble punctures ;

femora and tibiz dark brown or piceous, the anterior tibie

dull yellow in front and behind ; tarsi reddish brown, the

anterior ones palest ; claws simple. Wings clear, the ner-

vures and very large stigma dilute reddish sepia ; b.n. not

appearing to reach t.-m.; lower side of first s.m. straight ;

first r. n. joining first s.m. some distance before end ; second

s.m. very broad, broader than high; no approach to Pachy-

prosopis venation.

Hab. Croydon, Australia (S. W. Fulton ; Nat. Mus. Vict.

163).

A singular Httle species, allied to Luryglossina purpusilla

(Euryglossa perpusilla, Ckil.), but differing in the shape of

the head, colour of the legs, &c.

Records of Bees. 3938

Pachyprosopis saturnina, sp. 0.

? .—Length 4-44 mm.

Like P. humeralis, Ckll., but differing thus :—Scutellum

with a large yellow cruciform mark, rather suggestive of the

planet Saturn ; face, legs, and underside of abdomen orange,

though the patches at sides of mesothorax are clear yellow ;

lateral face-marks gradually tapermg from clypeus to a very

fine line which runs to top of eyes ; scape slender (doubtless

a sex-character) ; mesothorax with two fine, short, yellow

antero-discal lines; abdomen with only one light band, that

at apex of first segment. The mesothorax is microscopically

tessellated, with rather numerous minute punctures; in

P. humeralis it is quite the same.

Another specimen is not well coloured, but I think the

scutellum would have been all yellow.

Hab. Purnong, near Murray River, S. Australia (S. W.

Fulton; Nat. Mus. Vict. 225, 233).

This is probably not the undescribed female of P. humeralis,

as it seems unlikely that that sex would have the large yellow

scutellar mark wanting in the male.

Halictus purnongensis, sp. 0.

6 .—Length 5 mm.

Head and thorax shining olive-green; abdomen piceous,

with the first segment dark greenish, hind margins of

segments broadly reddish subhyaline ; head enormous, about

as large as and much broader than thorax; face (especially

the brassy-tinted supraclypeal area) shining, but front

granular and dull; hair of head and thorax throughout thin

and white; apical part of clypeus broadly cream-colour,

with a crescentic depression ; mandibles very large and long,

scimitar-shaped, cream-colour except the sharply pointed

ends and the reddened inner edge ; cheeks broad, with a

large prominent tooth below; antenne rather long, the

thick flagellum very strongly crenulated beneath ; scape dark

green ; flagellum black above, broadly pale reddish fulvous

below ; middle flagellar joints about as long as wide ; meso-

thorax and scutellum brilliantly shining, the punctures very

fine and scattered; area of metathorax large, with fine

radiating wrinkles, connected near the base by transverse

wrinkles ; tegule hyaline, tinged with testaceous. Wings

clear hyaline, nervures and stigma rather pale reddish ; b.n.

very strongly arched; second s.m. receiving first r.n. very

Ann, & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xi. 27

394 On a new Cyprinid Fish from Singapore.

near its end ; third s.m. short and high; second r.n. and

third t.-c. evanescent. Legs dark green basally, but broad

apices of femora and all the tibiz and tarsi ferruginous, the

hind tibie pallid at base. Apical plate of abdomen trans-

verse, broad, and short.

Hab. Purnong, near Murray River, S. Australia (S. W.

Fulton).

Perfectly unique among the Australian species by the very

large head, with toothed cheeks. It belongs to the subgenus

Chloralictus.

XLII.— Description of anew Cyprinid Fish from Singapore.

By C. Tate Reean, M.A.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Rasborichthys altior, sp. n.

Depth of body 3 in the length, length of head4. Diameter

of eye 3 to 34 in length of head, interorbital width 23 to 22.

Mouth very oblique ; lower jaw included; maxillary ending

below nostrils. Pharyngeal teeth hooked, compressed, tri-

serial, 1.3.5-5.3.1. 36 to 38 scales in lateral. line,

8 from origin of dorsal fin to lateral line, 4 from lateral line

to base of pelvic fin. Dorsal 9-10, with 7 branched rays;

origin equidistant from eye and base of caudal ; first branched

ray longest, shorter than head; free edge straight or slightly

convex. Anal 18-20; origin behind end of dorsal; free

edge straight or slightly emarginate. Pectoral 3 or # length

of head, nearly or quite reaching the 8-rayed _pelvics.

Caudal forked. Caudal peduncle as long as deep. Oliva-

ceous above, silvery on sides, with or without dark stripes

along the series of scales.

Singapore.

Three specimens, 60 to 85 mm, in total length, the smallest

received from Herr J. Paul Arnold, the two larger ones from

Herr Hans Gaukel.

R. helfrichii, Bleck., from Borneo, the only other species of

the genus, is more slender (depth 43 in the length) and has

smaller scales (55 in the lateral line).

A Revision of the Genus Myxine. 395

XLIV.—A Revision of the Myxinoids of the Genus Myxine.

By C. Tate Reagan, M.A.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

In 1912 (‘ Annals,’ (8) ix. p. 534) I published a synopsis of

the genus Heptatretus, comprising the Myxinoids with 6 to

14 branchial apertures on each side and with the external

branchial ducts subequal in length. A related genus, Para-

myxine, Dean, with 6 branchial apertures on each side,

approaches Myzxine in that the apertures are approximated

and the anterior external ducts are longer than the posterior

ones ; there is a single species from the Sagami Sea, Japan,

viz. P. atami, Dean (Journ. Coll. Tokyo, xix. 1906, Art. 2,

p- 11, fig. D, pp. 14 & 22, pl. i. figs. 3-5). -Myzine is the

only other genus of the family.

MyYXINE.

Myzxine, Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. 10, i. p. 650 (1758).

Gastrobranchus, Bloch, Ausl. Fisch. xii. p. 66 (1795).

Myxinoids with 5 to 7 branchial sacs, and with a single

external branchial aperture on each side.

Atlantic coasts of Europe and N. America; Pacific coast

of Colombia; Chile and Patagonia ; South Africa; Japan.

The species are all extremely similar, and the characters of

most importance in distinguishing them appear to be the

number of the teeth and of the pores on each side of the

body ; the teeth increase in number as the fish grows, so that

the size of the specimen has to be taken into account. The

length of the head, measured to the branchial aperture, and

the number of branchial pouches are the only other characters

that seem of any value.

Of three new species described, two, M. atlantica and

M. capensis, are each based on a single unsatisfactory

specimen. But, taking into consideration the locality and

that in one or more characters they appear to be outside the

limits of variation of the other known species, it seems

better to describe them than to postpone this revision indefi-

nitely in the hope of more material.

1. Myxine garmani.

Mysxine garmani, Jord. & Snyd. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus, xxiii, 1901,

p. 731.

6 branchial pouches. 11 or 12 teeth in the first series, the

27*

396 Mr. C. T. Regan—A Revision of the

3 most anterior ones united; 10 or 11 teeth in the second

series, the 2 most anterior ones united. Pores 26-27+57-

61+12-13. Length of head 3? in the total length.

Japan.

1-3. 310-520 mm. Hyalonema Ground, 345 fath. ‘ Challenger.’

2. Myzine tridentiger.

Myzxine australis (part.), Giinth. Cat. Fish. viii. p. 511 (1870) ; ‘Chal-

lenger’ Deep-sea Fish. p. 267 (1887).

Myzine tridentiger, Garman, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool. xxvyi. 1899,

p- 345.

6 branchial pouches. 10 teeth in each series, the 3 most

anterior in the first series and the 2 most anterior in the

second series united. Pores 22+62+49. Length of head 32

in the total length. Left branchial aperture widely separated

from that of the cesophageal duct.

Straits of Magellan.

1. 460 mm. (typa of the species). Sandy Point. Dr. Cunningham,

3. Myxine circifrons.

Myxine circifrons, Garman, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool. xxvi. 1899, p. 344,

pl. Ixviii. figs. 1-4.

5 branchial pouches. 13 teeth in the first series, the 3

most anterior united; 11 teeth in the second series, the

2 most anterior united. Pores 21-234+59+11. Length of

head a little less than 4 of the total length.

Total length 470 mm.

7° 30’ 36” N., 78° 39’ W., 730 fathoms.

4, Myxine paucidens, sp. n.

6 branchial pouches. 6 teeth in the first series and 7 in

the second; the 2 most anterior teeth of each series united.

Pores 264+53-57+10. Length of head 332 in the total

length.

Japan.

1-2. 240 & 305 mm. Hyalonema Ground, 345 fath. ‘Challenger.’

(types).

Myxinoids of the Genus Myxine. 397

5. Myxine australis.

Myvine australis, Jenyns, Zool. ‘ Beagle, Fish. p. 159 (1842); Garm.

Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool. xxiv. 1899, p. 345.

Myzxine affinis, Giinth. Cat. Fish. viii. p. 511 (1870),

Myxine australis (part.), Giinth. 1. ¢.

Myxine acutifrons, Garm. t, ¢. p. 347.

6 branchial pouches. 8 to 11 teeth in each series, the 2

most anterior united. Pores 27-36 +56-68+ 8-13. Length

of head 3} to 3? in the total length.

Chile and Patagonia.

1. 490 mm. (teeth ay. Orange Bay. Paris Mus,

2. 430 mm. (teeth +). Cape Gregory. Dr. Coppinger.

3. 375 mm. (teeth i) Messier Channel, ‘ Challenger.’

4-6, 325-370 mm. (teeth ima): Sandy Point. Dr. Cunningham.

7-10, 165-400 mm. (teeth =). Puerto Bueno, Dr. Coppinger.

11. 330 mm., type of Dr. Giinther.

M. affinis (teeth i)

12. 320 mm. (teeth ®), Cockle Cove. Dr. Coppinger.

13-14. 250-285 mm. (teet =): Tyssar Islands. Dr, Cunningham.

15. 275 mm, (teeth 5). Magellan. Mus. Comp. Zool.

6. Myaxine glutinosa.

Myzxine glutinosa, Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. 10, i. p. 650 (1755); Giinth.

Cat. Fish, viii. p. 510 (1870); Garman, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool.

xxiv. 1899, p. 348,

Gastrobranchus cecus, Bloch, Ausland. Fisch. xii. p. 66, pl. eccexiii.

(1795).

6 (exceptionally 7) branchial pouches. 7 to 9 teeth in the

first series and 8 to 10 in the second, the 2 most anterior

teeth in each series united. Pores 24-34+54-64+ 10-14.

Length of head 32 to 4 in the total length.

Northern and western coasts of Europe.

1-2. 370-400 mm. (teeth =). Firth of Forth. Granton Mar. Stat.

3-6, 7-8. 300-370 mm. (teeth 8). aes 4

9-12, 330-350 mm. (teeth 5), Scotland. Sir John Murray,

13, 300 mm, (teeth 7), ¥ ms

14-15, 310-330 mm. (teeth 5). Christiansund, Lord Ducie.

Norway.

398 A Revision of the Genus Myxine.

16, 320 mm. (teeth 3). aa V. Fritsch.

17. 310 mm. (teeth 3). Neweastle-on- Dr W. G. Ride-

Tyne. wood,

18-20. 240-270 mm. (teeth ). Between Shet- Prof. D’Arcy

land and Fa- = Thompson.

roe Is., 545-

780 metres.

21. 265 mm. (teeth =). Firth of Forth. Mr. Adamson.

22. 220 mm. (teeth 5). Christiansund. F.Sandeman, Esq.

23, 200 mm. (teeth =). Newecastle-on- Mr. Woodfall.

Tyne.

7. Myzxine limosa.

Myzine limosa, Girard, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1858, p. 223; Garman, Mem.

Mus. Comp. Zool. xxiv. 1899, p. 348.

mo giutinosa, Jord. & Everm. Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. xlvii. 1896,

6 branchial pouches. 9 teeth in the first series and 10 in

the second, the 2 most anterior teeth in each series united.

Pores 26+70+10. Length of head 3? in the total length.

Atlantic coasts of North America.

1. 340 mm. Bay of Fundy, 30 fath. F. Day, Esq.

8. Myxine atlantica, sp. n.

6 branchial pouches. 9 teeth in the first series and 8 in

the second, the two most anterior teeth in each series united.

Pores 28+ 64+4+12. Length of head 34 in the total length.

Western North Atlantic.

1, 310 mm. (type of the 44° 17'N., 58° 10' W.,, Smithsonian Inst.

species). 120 fath.

9. Myxine capensis, sp. n.

7 branchial pouches. Pores 30+58+411. Length of head

3} in the total length.

South Africa.

1. 810 mm. (typeof the Cape of Good Hope, Dr. J. D. F. Gilchrist.

species). 110 fath.

Unfortunately the teeth are imperfect ; there may have

been 8 or 9 in each series.

On Abnormal Appendages in Crabs. 399

XLV.—Two Cases of Abnormal Appendages in Crabs.

By W. T. Caiman, D.Sc.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Amon the specimens of Crustacean abnormalities that have

been added to the British Museum collection in recent years

are two that seem especially deserving of record. The first

is a case of incomplete homeosis, between limbs that are

not adjacent, in Cancer pagurus; the second is an example

of duplicity, of a type hitherto unknown, in a cheliped of

Portunus puber.

1. Homeosis in Walking-ley of Cancer pagurus, Linn.

(Fig. 1, p. 400.)

The specimen is a male, measuring 238 mm. in width of

carapace, and comes from Dartmouth (B. M. Crust. reg.

no. 1913. 2.12.1). It is perfectly normal except as regards

the second walking- leg (sixth thoracic appendage) of the left

side, which carries a chela resembling, but smaller than, that

of the normal cheliped.

The coxa of the abnormal limb does not differ from that

of the corresponding limb on the other side of the body.

The basi-ischium is somewhat loosely articulated with the

coxa, so that the posterior condyle can be raised a little way

out of the articular notch. Distally the basi-ischium is a

good deal wider than that of the normal limb and somewhat

inflated on the ventral surface. The merus is shorter and

wider than the normal, its length being about 58 mm. and

its greatest width 32 mm., while the corresponding measure-

ments in the limb of the opposite side are 70 and 24 mm.

respectively. The distance between the distal articular pro-

cesses is greatly increased for the reception of the carpus.

The carpus is shaped much as in the normal cheliped,

except that its outer (dorsal or extensor) face is flattened ;

its greatest length is 42 mm. and its depth distally 30 mm.

The propodus, compared with that of the normal cheliped,

appears somewhat shrunken and malformed. It measures

about 48 mm. in length to the articulation of the dactylus

by about 30 mm. in depth and 17 mm. in thickness in the

middle ; the greatest depth is at the articulation with the

carpus and the greatest thickness at the articulation with

the dactylus. The immovable finger is bent downwards at

400 Dr. W. T. Calman on

right angles to the long axis of the propodus; it is about

40 mm. long and is slightly curved to the inner or anterior

side like the immovable finger of the normal cheliped, which

it otherwise closely resembles in form and colour, On the

dorsal edge of the propodus, somewhat to the posterior or

outer side, is an irregular band of short tufted sete, and

there are some scattered and less conspicuous setz along the

Abnormal walking-leg of Cancer pagurus. About half natural size.

ventral edge, running on to the base of the immovable

finger. The dactylus is nearly straight and cannot be bent

towards the immovable finger to a greater extent than is

shown in the figure. In general characters it resembles the

dactylus of the cheliped, but it has on the dorsal surface a

thick brush of short sete arranged in tufts and extending

Abnormal Appendages in Crabs. 401

from near the base to about the middle of its length. On

the ventral side the dark colour of the distal portion of the

dactylus shades off gradually near the base as in the normal

cheliped, but on the dorsal side it ends more or less abruptly

along an irregular line slightly raised above the surface, much

as it does in the walking-legs. The low rounded tubercles

on the opposed edges of the fingers agree in form, and appa-

rently also in number, with those of the normal cheliped of

the same side.

The chief points of interest in connection with this speci-

men appear to be two. While itis a clear case of homeosis,

to use Bateson’s term, it is an imperfect one. The modified

limb, in assuming the characters of a cheliped, has not parted

altogether with those proper to a walking-leg. The brushes

of hair on the dorsal or outer edge of propodus and dactylus

are closely similar to, although less developed than, those of

the other walking-legs, and they are quite unrepresented on

the cheliped. The sharp restriction of the coloured area

of the dactylus on the dorsal side is also a character of the

walking-leg. It is to be noted that both these characters

are on the dorsal or extensor aspect of the limb, the only

feature pointing in the same direction which can be

discovered on the ventral or flexor aspect being the scattered

hairs on the margin of the propodus. Briot (C. R. Soc.

Biol. Paris, lxiv. 1908, p. 1182), describing a case of home-

otic resemblance to a thoracic leg in the first abdominal

appendage of a male crayfish, has called attention to a similar

coexistence of incongruous characters on the outer and inner

sides of the appendage.

The second point which seems worthy of notice in this

specimen is that the abnormal limb is not adjacent to the

limb which it “mimics,” the first walking-leg, which is

normal in every respect, coming between them. The only

analogous case recorded among Crustacea is that of the

Asellus described by Bateson (Proc. Zool. Soc. London,

1900, p. 268), which had an antennule replaced by a man-

dible. Bateson notes that the cases most nearly approaching

this are those of insects which have the antenna replaced by

a foot. The very remarkable case of a shore-crab having a

walking-leg on the abdomen, described by Bethe (Journ.

Mar. Biol. Assoc. iv. p. 144, 1896, and Arch. Entwmech. iii.

p. 301, 1896), appears to belong to a different category

altogether.

It is an obvious suggestion that reversion or atavism may

be concerned in this abnormality, since the limb in question

402 Dr. W. T. Calman on

was presumably chelate in the lobster-like ancestors of the

crabs. Some of the objections to this view, however, are no

less obvious—e. g., (1) the resemblance is not to a gene-

ralized type of chela, but to the specific type of Cancer

pagurus ; (2) in this very species a chelate form may be

assumed by the third maxilliped, a limb which is not nor-

mally chelate in any decapod (Bateson, ‘Materials for the

Study of Variation,’ 1894, p. 149).

2. Duplicity of Chela in Portunus puber (Linn.).

igs. 2 and 3.)

The specimen is a male, measuring 68 mm. across the

carapace ; it was found at Lyme Regis, and presented by

Mr. J. Curtis (B. M. Crust. reg. no. 1905. 9. 13. 1). The

Abnormal cheliped of Portunus puber, inner aspect. Natural size.

left chela is much larger than the right, measuring 49 mm.

as against 35 mm. along the lower edge. On the inner side

of the left carpus, in the position occupied in a normal

cheliped by the carpal spine, is attached a second, smaller,

carpus, marked off from the first by a groove, which, however,

does not form a movable articulation. It would, perhaps,

be more correct to speak of this as the distal portion of a

carpus, since it is improbable that it repeats the region

proximal to its junction with the normal limb; but this

cannot be determined with certainty. In form it resembles

closely a normal carpus, except that the granulated ridges

and furrows of the upper surface are indistinctly marked.

It bears a large carpal spine of normal form, with three

small secondary teeth on its concave distal edge. As nearly

as can be judged, the long axis of the secendary carpus forms

Alnormal Appendages in Crabs. 403

an angle of rather less than 60° with that of the normal

carpus,

Articulating with the secondary carpus is a chela measuring

26 mm. in length along the lower edge. It approaches the

normal chela of the species in form and colour, except that

the palmar portion is narrowed just beyond the base, with

its upper and lower edges concave, the lower edge becoming

strongly convex at the base of the immovable finger. The

granulated ridges on the palm are feebly developed, but all

those present in the normal chela can be recognized ; espe-

cially noteworthy is the inner ridge of the upper margin,

which ends in a strong spine overhanging the base of the

dactylus, as in the normal chela, and, together with the carpal

spine, shows at once that we have to do with a /eft, not with

a right, chela. The fingers have a slight curvature inwards,

Fig. 3.

Abnormal cheliped of Portunus puber, from above. Natural size.

the dactylus, in addition, being angularly bent at a short

distance above the base ; except for this and for some other

small irregularities they resemble in form, sculpture, and

colour those of the normal chela.

In other respects the crab appears to be quite normal,

except that three of the walking-legs are just beginning to

regenerate after autotomy and that the penultimate antero-

lateral tooth on the left side of the carapace is broken or

worn away at the tip. On folding the left cheliped against

the carapace it is seen that the inner spine of the secondary

carpus abuts against this tooth.

This case seems to be excluded from all those categories

into which, as Bateson showed, the vast majority of cases of

extra appendages in Arthropods naturally fall. The extra

chela shows no trace of duplicity, as if it represented a pair

404 Mr. O. Thomas on

of appendages in secondary symmetry. On the other hand,

the few cases of “double limbs” recorded by Bateson in

Arthropods (as well as those recorded since, e. g. by Zeleny,

Biol. Bull. ix. 1905, p. 152) have the two parts in symmetry

with each other. Bateson discusses the possibility of “ such

a phenomenon as the representation of one of the appendages

by two identical appendages standing in succession,” and

concludes that it is “* probably unknown and perhaps against

Nature” (‘ Materials for the Study of Variation,’ 1894,

p- 539). It would seem, nevertheless, that the specimen

now described presents an instance of this very phenomenon,

for the extra segments springing from what is morphologi-

cally the antero-ventral surface of the left cheliped are them-

selves unmistakably parts of a left cheliped.

XLVI.—New Forms of Akodon and Phyllotis, and a new

Genus for “ Akodon” teguina. By OLDFIELD THOMAS.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Akodon mollis altorum, subsp. n.

The common olive-coloured Akodon of the Ecuadorean

Andes.

Essential characters as in true mollis, but the fur longer

and the colour much darker. Upper surface approximating

to Ridgway’s “olive,” while in true mollis. it is between

wood-brown and broccoli-brown. _ Under surface greyish,

washed with dull buffy. Hands and feet greyish, darker than

in mollis. Tail averaging a little shorter than in mollis,

blackish above, dull greyish white below.

Skull and teeth as in true mollis.

Dimensions of the type (measured in flesh) :—

Head and body 110 mm. ; tail 70; hind foot 22; ear 16.

Skull: greatest length 28; condylo-incisive length 26 ;

interorbital breadth 4°7 ; palatal foramina 6°7 ; upper molar

series 4°3.

Hab. Ecuadorean Andes from Quito southwards into Peru.

Type from Cafiar. Alt. 2600 m.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 99.9.9. 99. Original num-

ber 252. Collected 8th April, 1899, by P. O. Simons,

Presented by Oldfield Thomas.

An examination of the fine series of Akodons obtained in

new Forms of Akodov and Phyllotis. 405

Keuador by Mr. Perry Simons shows that the form inhabiting

the Andes is, as might be expected, readily distinguishable

by its longer fur and deeper colour from that which inhabits

the low and more or less desert coast strip at the north-

western corner of Peru. The type of A. mollis came from

Tumbez, at the northern end of this coast strip, and there is

a good series in the Museum from Eten and other localities

further southwards which agree fairly closely with it and are

evidently referable to the same form. All Mr. Simons’s other

specimens, from the highlands, are of the darker character

now described.

Akodon arviculoides montensi’s, subsp. n.

Like the ordinary large Akodon of East and Southern

Brazil, but markedly paler and more buffy.

Size averaging slightly smaller than in true arviculoides.

General colour above grizzled olive-grey, paler and more

buffy than in arviculoides. Rump and sides prominently

buffy or clay-colour. Under surface pale buffy, the bases of

the hairs slaty. Hands and feet dull whitish, not so brown

as in arviculoides.

Skull rather lighter in build than in true arviculotdes, the

brain-case slightly narrower. Supraorbital edges generally

with a slight postorbital angle, which does not appear to

oceur in arviculoides.

Dimensions of the type (measured in flesh) :—

Head and body 128 mm.; tail 97; hind foot 24; ear 19.

Skull: greatest length 31; condylo-incisive length 27-7;

zygomatic breadth 15; nasals 12°5 ; interorbital breadth 5;

breadth of brain-case 12°4; palatal foramina 7; upper molar

series 4°1.

Hab, Paraguay. Type from Sapucay.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 4. 1. 5. 35. Original

number 1022. Collected 31st July, 1903, by W. Foster.

Fifteen specimens examined.

‘Trapped in monte.”— W. FP.

This is evidently the Paraguayan representative of the

common large Akodon of Brazil, for which, in its typical

form, from Bahia, I believe the name arviculoides *, Wagn.,

should be used, orobinus, Wagn., being a synonym of it;

* I regret to be able to find no excuse for using the correct form of

this word, arvicoloides. Pictet wrote arvicoloides, but Wagner used the

incorrect form arviculoides four times over, in different publications, so

that it cannot be treated as a misprint.

406 Mr. O. Thomas on

while cursor, Winge, appears to represent a darker subspecies

occurring in the southern provinces. The new form is distin-

guishable from both by its much paler and more buffy colour

and its slightly narrower skull.

Akodon erosus, sp. n.

A. caliginosus, Tomes, of Allen * and Thomasf, nee

Hesperomys caliginosus, Tomes, which is an Oryzomys.

A large dark-coloured species practically indistinguishable

externally from Hesperomys (Melanomys) caliginosus. General

colour above dark bistre-brown, little paler below. Ears,

hands, feet, and tail blackish brown.

Skull that of a true Akodon ; with broad interorbital region,

smooth, unbeaded supraorbital edges, and evenly convex

upper profile. Anterior edge of zygomatic plate slightly con-

cave. Palatal foramina long, widely open, with smoothly

rounded edges. ‘Teeth typically Akodont.

Dimensions of the type (measured in flesh) :—

Head and body 108 mm.; tail 75; hind foot 24; ear 16.

Skull: greatest length 29°3 ; condylo-incisive length 26°8 ;

zygomatic breadth 15; nasals 11; interorbital breadth 6;

breadth of brain-case 13; palatilar length 12:1; palatal

foramina 6°6 ; upper molar series 4°9.

Hab. Andes of Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia. Type from

Mirador, Bafios, Ecuador. Alt. 1500 m.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 99.9.9. 105. Original

number 234. Collected 6th February, i899, by P.O. Simons.

Presented by Oldfield Thomas. About thirty specimens

examined,

The two dark Andean species, one of Akodon and the other

of Oryzomys, subgenus Melanomys, being practically indis-

tinguishable externally, and Mr. 'Tomes’s description of his

“ Hesperomys caliginosus”’ agreeing equally well with

either of themt, both Dr. Allen and I took the description

as applying to the Akodon, though admitting that the

question could only be settled by an examination of Tomes’s

type.

; That type being now in the Museum (B.M. no. 7. 1. 1. 128),

I find that, unfortunately for our powers of divination, it is

unquestionably an Oryzomys, and presumably identical with

my OU. pheopus, the type of the subgenus Me/anomys. Asa

consequence, the Akodon needs a new name.

* Bull, Am. Mus. N. H. iii. p. 210 (1891).

+ Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) xiv. p. 356 (1894).

t P. Z.S. 1860, p. 263.

new Forms of Akodon and Phyllotis. 407

Phyllotis melanius, sp. n.

A Phyllotis with the proportions and blackish colour of

Oryzomys caliginosus and Akodon cerosus.

Size about as in Akodon erosus. Fur fine, rather crisp,

hairs of back about 6°0-6°5 mm. in length. General colour

dark sepia or bistre, slightly greyer and less warm than in

the two species above mentioned; median dorsal area rather

blacker than the rest. Punctulation of the fur fine, about as

in the Akodon, not so distinctly lined as in the Oryzomys.

Under surface soiled buffy greyish, more different from the

upper surface than in the species in question. Lars short, as

in the similar species, not as in ordinary Phyllotis; greyish

brown, the proectote blackish. Hands and feet greyish

brown, a patch in the middle of each metapodial blackish

brown. Tail shorter than head and body, markedly more

hairy than in the Oryzomys or Akodon, brown above, dull

greyish white below.

Skull similar in shape to that of Phyllotis andium, but

rather larger. Supraorbital edges sharply square. ‘Teeth

proportionally small.

Dimensions of the type (measured in flesh) :—

Head and body 105 mm.; tail 78; hind foot 22; ear 16.

Skull: greatest length 28°5 ; condylo-incisive length 25 ;

zygomatic breadth 15; nasals 10°8 ; interorbital breadth 4;

breadth of brain-case 13:1; palatilar length 13; palatal

foramina 7; upper molar series 4°3.

Hab. Porvenir, Belivar, Ecuador. Alt. 1800 m.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 99.9.9.107. Original

number 258. Collected 12th March, 1899, by P.O. Simons.

Presented by Oldfield Thomas,

This animal carries on one of the most remarkable cases

of geographical isomorphism known to me. The practical

identity in external appearance of Oryzomys (Melanomys)

caliginosus and Akodon erosus was already known (though,

as shown above, under erroneous names). And now, mixed

up with Mr. Simons’s Akodons, I find a third similar blackish

species a member of the genus Phyllotis, as shown by its

skull and teeth. By its slightly lighter underside, its more

hairy and faintly bicolor tail, and its not wholly dark feet it

is just distinguishable externally from the other two; but the

resemblance is still so great as to excuse anyone for confusing

it with them. ‘I'he three, therefore—Oryzomys, Akodon, and

Phyllotis,—all inhabiting the same region, are so similar to

408 A new Genus for “ Akodon” teguina.

each other that they would be supposed to belong to a single

species were the skulls and teeth not examined.

Of the genus Phyllotis the new species is perhaps most

allied to Ph. andium, but has much shorter ears and tail,

apart from its darker coloration.

A new Genus for “ Hesperomys” or ‘‘ Akodon” teguina,

Alst., and its Allies.

On going through the vole-like vesper-mice of the Neo-

tropical region to see which should be assigned to Akodon

and which to Zygodontomys (no easy task, for the two are

unexpectedly close to each other), I have found that, with

the uncertain exception of A. urichi and venezuelensis, no

species rightly assignable to Akodon are yet known to occur

north of a line drawn from the 8.W. corner of Colombia to

the eastern angle of Brazil north of Pernambuco. ‘Akodon”

bogotensis was some time ago separated as a Microxus, and I

now find that “A.” meridensis, Allen, and “A.” fuscinus,

Thos., of Marajo, are both members of Zygodontomys, which

may be distinguished from Akodon by its rather less hypso-

dont and less complicated molars and its more distinctly

angular or beaded supraorbital edges; the front margin of m!,

in young specimens, is distinctly notched in Akodon, entire in

Zygodontomys, but unfortunately adult specimens do not show

this diagnostic mark.

One small group of species, however, from far north of the

above-defined line is clearly not referable either to Zygo-

dontomys or Akodon, differing very definitely from both by

the structure of the teeth. This consists of the “‘ Hesperomys”’

teguina of Alston, more recently known as ‘‘Akodon” teguina,

and the species or subspecies closely related to it described by

Bangs and Allen. I would propose to form for it the

following :—

ScoTINOMYS, gen. nov.

Most nearly related to Akodon, but the teeth of different

structure and the zygomatic plate almost without any pro-

jection forwards.

Molars exceedingly narrow, laterally compressed, the

notches and re-entrant angles, both on upper and lateral

surfaces, much reduced in depth, so that the upper profile in

little-worn teeth is almost straight, without .deep angles

between the lamine, and similarly the outlines of the teeth

— oe

—

—s

A Revision of the Asilidee of Australasia. 409

when viewed vertically are more smoothly continuous. This

result seems to be attained by a crushing together of the

elements of the teeth, and consequent obliteration of the

normal structure, '

In old specimens with worn teeth these characters are not

readily perceptible, but another and still more striking one

becomes then available, namely the number of the molar

roots, which in a hypsodont animal only become visible in old

age.

The molars of old specimens of both Akodon and Zygo-

dontomys show on their inner aspect the following roots :—

m1, one root under the anterior lamina and one broad one

supporting both the second and third lamin ; m”, one broad

root under the two lamin ; m*, one root. In Scoténomys, on

the other hand, every lamina of each tooth has its separate

supporting root, so that on the inner side there are three in

m’, two in m*, and two (less distinctly separated) in m’,

This number of roots I fail to find in any of the allied genera.

Type. Scotinomys teguina (Hesperomys teguina, Alst.).

Other described forms: S. teguina apricus *, Bangs, S. cerame

pelinus, Bangs, and S. trazu, Allen,

XLVII.—A Revision of the Asilide of Australasia.

By Gerrrupe Ricarpo.

{Continued from p. 166. ]

Bieruarotes, Westwood in Duncan.

The Natural Libr. xxviii. p. 329 (1840).

Blepharis, Macq., Dipt. Exot, i. (2) pl, vili. fig. 1 (1858) [preeoce. Cuy,

~ Pise. 1817 ; Serv. Orth. 1831).

Craspedia, Macq., Dipt. Exot. i. (2) p. 198 (1838) [preeocc. Hiibn,

Lepid. 1816}.

Psecas, Jeenn., Abhandl. Senckenb. naturf, Ges. vi. p. 359 (1867),

The following species have been described and one new

species is added;— °

Blepharotes coriarius, Wied., Auss. zweifl. Ins. ii. p. 644 [ Asidus} (1830) ;

Macq., Dipt. Exot. i. (2) p. 198 ( Craspedia| pl. viii. fig. 1 [ Blepha-

rotes | (18838) ; Erichson, Archiv f. Naturgesch. vii. 2 (1841) ; Schiner,

* Possibly an Oryzomys of the Melanomys section, in spite of its strong

resemblance to S. teguina.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xi, 28

410 Miss G. Ricardo—A Revision of

Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xvi. p. 690 [ Craspedia] (1866) ; Loew,

Zeitschy. f. d. ges. Naturwiss. N. F. x. (xliv.) 75 (1874); Froggatt,

Australian Insects, p. 300 [ Craspedia] (1907).

Blepharotes splendidissimus, Wied., Auss, zweifl, Ins, ii. p. 645 [ Zaphria

(1830) ; Guérin, Icon. d, Régne Anim. vii. Ins. p. 536 nota [Laphria

(1835) ; Schiner, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xvi. p. 694 [ Craspedia],

et xvii. p. 583 [ Craspedia] (1867); Loew, Zeitschr. f. d. Ges. Natur-

wiss. N. F. x. (xliv.) p. 75 (1874).—Blepharotes abdominalis, Westw.

apud Duncan, The Nat. Libr. xxviii. p. 329, pl. xxxyv. fig. 1 (1840).

—Craspedia audouinti, Macq., Dipt. Exot. i. (2) p. 100 (1838).—

Psecas fasciatus, Jenn., Abhandl. Senckenb. naturt. Ges. vi. p. 360,

pl. xliv, fig. 2 (1867).

Blepharotes vivax, Hermann, Zeit. Hymen. et Dipt. vii. i. p. 76 [Cras-

pedia| (1907).

Blepharotes aterrima, Hermann, J. ec. [ Craspedia] (1907).

Blepharotes flavus, sp. n.

The genus was established by Macquart for Asilus cori-

arius, Wied., and is peculiar to Australia and New Guinea.

It is at once distinguished by the very broad abdomen

adorned at the sides by bushy tufts of hairs and by the

short terminal style of antennz. The species described by

Loew as B. macrostylus I have placed in a new genus, Par-

aratus, as, owing to the form of the female ovipositor, it

could not possibly be included in this genus,

In neuration of the wing Blepharotes is allied to Pararatus,

Neoaratus, and Asilus in sensu stricto ; its place among the

other genera appears doubtful. For the present I have

followed Schiner, and placed it at the head of genera with

antennal bristle bare.

Blepharotes coriarius, Wiedemann.

Specimens of this species, male and female, are in the

Brit. Mus. Coll. from W. Australia (Fyson), Melbourne, and

Moreton Bay, and in Mr. French’s Coll. from Dandenong

Ranges, Victoria. Mr. Froggatt states that the species is

widely distributed all over the interior of the continent,

and can often be seen flying about with its beak buried in

the back of a large cockchafer beetle, its long legs clasping

its victim and sucking its blood.

The species is distinguished by the red colour of the

abdomen, sides fringed with black tufts of hairs, white hairs

appearing on the second, fifth, and sixth segments; under-

side black, with white pubescence. Palpi often have white

hairs intermixed with the black ones. Fore femora armed

with spines as well as the posterior ones.

Length, ¢, 27 mm,

the Asilidee of Australasia. 411

Blepharotes splendidissimus, Wiedemann.

Blepharotes abdominalis, Westwood.

Craspedia audouini, Macq.

Psecas fasciatus, Jenn.

Type of C. audouini seen in Paris Museum, 12. 4 11,

from Moreton Bay. Its identity with the Wiedemann species

is correct.

Specimens of this species, males and females, are in the

Brit. Mus. Coll. from Victoria, Moreton Bay, and Burpen-

gary, S. Queensland (Bancroft), and in Mr. French’s Coll.

from Dandenong Ranges, Victoria. Mr. Froggatt remarks

he has frequently captured this species flying about the

Botanic Gardens, Sydney, in early summer.

The species is distinguished by the dark brown wings and

black abdomen, the segmentations narrowly rufous ; sides

with black tufts of hairs,

Length from 25 mm.

Blepharotes vivax, 2, Hermann,

From New South Wales.

Is described as allied to B. coriarius, but is smaller, and

distinguished by brighter markings of the thorax and by the

black wings with violet reflections.

Length 25 mm.

Blepharotes aterrima, 2 , Hermann.

From Dutch New Guinea.

Is described as black, sides of thorax with long yellow

hairs. Wings very dark-coloured, with violet reflections.

Length 35 mm.

Blepharotes flavus, sp. 0.

Type (¢) from Mackay, Queensland (Turner), and

another from Townsville, Queensland (F. P. Dodd).

Type (2) and another female from Burpengary, Queens-

land (Dr. T. L. Bancroft), and a male in Mr. French’s Coll.

from Victoria.

This species is nearly related to B. coriarius, Wied., but is

distinguished by the lighter-coloured abdomen, which is

yellowish, not deep fulvous red; the wings are usually rather

paler, and the size of insect is smaller, the abdomen not so

broad ; the white hairs on the sides of this latter are present

on each segment except the last two, not only on the third

28*

412 Miss G. Ricardo—A Revision of

and sixth as in the Wiedemann species. A tuft of white

hairs is present on the forehead, which is usually absent in

B. coriarius, and the white hairs on the coxe are chiefly

limited to the anterior pair. It is distinguished from B. vivaz,

Hermann, by the- absence of any bright colouring on the

thorax, and the wings are lighter, not black with violet

reflections ; the abdomen alsc paler.

Male.— Abdomen pale yellow, rather narrow compared with

those of other species of this genus, bordered by black tufts

of hair, with which white hairs are intermixed below.

Length 30 mm.

Face black, covered with yellowish tomentum, and with

long pale yellow bristles forming the moustache, chiefly con-

fined to the oral opening. Palpi with black hairs. Beard

white. Antenne black, the third joint long, with a short

bristle. Forehead with black pubescence, and a tuft of

white hairs anteriorly on each side. Hind part of head with

long white hairs and some shorter black hairs at vertex.

Thorax black, with some grey tomentum on dorsum ; sides

with black bristles and grey tomentum; breast black, with

grey tomentose stripes. Scutellum dark brown, with black

bristles. Addomen with the first segment black, with black

hairs, the remaining ones pale yellow, the posterior borders

paler ; the white hairs at sides are below the black ones and

most apparent on the fourth, fifth, and sixth segments ;

underside dark brown, with chiefly black pubescence. Legs

black, femora armed with black bristles, the pubescence on

the fore cox long, yellowish white; a feware visible on the

other coxe, otherwise their pubescence is black. Wings dark

grey, with reddish-yellow veins, the posterior branch of fork

strongly curved, the second posterior cell wide, almost

touching the former vein at one place; the third posterior

very wide, twice the width of the second at its widest part ;

the fourth posterior closed, the anal closed near the border;

the small transverse vein about the middle of the discal cell,

which is long and narrow.

Female.—Abdomen is darker yellow and broader, not so

glabrous as is that of B. cortarius ; the white hairs at sides

are more apparent than in the male. Ovipositor blackish,

short, not compressed at sides,

Length 35 mm.

Promacuus, Loew.

Linn. Ent. iii. p. 390 (1848).

Bactria, Meg., in litt. apud Meig.

i es in he

the Asilidee of Australasia. 413

Telejoneura, Rond., Archivio per la Zool. iii. p. 48 (1863).

Trupanea, Macq., Dipt. Exot. i. (2) p. 207 (1838) [preeoce. Schrank,

Dipt. 1803}.

The following species have been described as from Aus-

tralia and Tasmania :—

Promachus grandis, Macq., Dipt. Exot. i. (2) p. 217 [Trupanea] (1838).

Promachus clausus, Macq,., /. c. Suppl. i. Y 208 | Trupanea] (1846).

Promachus tasmanensis, Macq., Z. c. Suppl. ii. p. 55 [ Trupanea] (1847),

Promachus rufipes, Macq., . c. Suppl. iii. p. 186 [ 7rupanea] (1847).

To these species is now added :—

Promachus interponens, Walker, Proc. Linn. Soc. London, y. p. 280

[ Trupanea) (1861), described from I. Batjan, but now found in N.E,

Queensland.

Promachus doddi, sp. n.

Promachus floccosus, Kirby, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1884,

p- 275 (1884); Hutton, Trans. New Zealand Instit. xxxiii,

p- 21 nota (1901), was omitted by Hudson from his list of

New Zealand Diptera, as he believed there was a mistake in

the locality and that the type came from Opobo, W. Africa,

there being no such place in New Zealand. The type, a

male, is labelled ‘*Opabo, New Zealand, H. W. Marsden,

1880,” and is apparently a specimen of Promachus fasciatus,

Fabr.

Promachus grandis, Macquatrt.

Type, seen by me in Paris Museum, 12. 4.11, in a very

bad state; abdomen almost wholly destroyed.

Macquart describes it thus :— f

Black ; face and moustache yellow; beard white. Tibize

chestnut-coloured. Wings brown.

Length 12 lines.

Epistome bordered with black bristles. Forehead with

brownish tomentum. Thorax (denuded), sides with brownish

tomentum. Abdomen with indistinct blue reflections ; sex

indistinguishable, owing to its state. Tuibiz and tarsi with

yellow tomentum below. Wings with violet reflections.

From New South Wales.

But the type I saw has the wings greyish, veins yellow,

with a pale streak on the fore border, the fourth posterior

cell closed, the small transverse vein situated at the middle

of discal cell. Face broad, covered with golden-yellow

tomentum and some yellow hairs at sides. Moustache of

yellow bristly hairs reaching halfway up the face, below at

the sides there are stout black bristles. Palpi with black

414 Miss G. Ricardo—A Revision of

bristly pubescence. Antenne blackish, the third joint

wanting. Legs very stout, black; femora incrassate, with

black spines; tibiz reddish, with black spines and some

short, appressed, yellowish pubescence ; underside of poste-

rior tibiz with thick bright fulvous pubescence, and some on

the posterior femora.

Promachus clausus, § , Macq.

Dipt. Exot. Suppl. i. p. 208 [ Trupanea] (1846).

Ts described as a black species, the abdomen with white

segmentations. Wings with the first posterior cell closed.

Length 9 lines.

Promachus rufipes, 3 , Macq.

Is described as an ashy-grey species. Abdomen with dorsal

black spots. Moustache white. Palpi with black hairs.

Legs red.

Length 10 lines.

The name is preoccupied.

Promachus tasmanensis, 3 , Macq.

Is described as ashy grey. Abdomen with dorsal black

spots. Moustache yellow. Antenne and legs black ; tibie

testaceous.

Length 10 lines.

Promachus interponens, Walker.

Co-types two females from Batjan.

Male and female from N.E. Queensland (C. M. Kelsall),

1910.

A robust blackish species, with reddish legs; the abdomen

in the female with the first four segments broad, the re-

maining ones gradually tapering to a point, sides and seg-

mentations ashy grey. Wings with a grey streak in the

first submarginal cell.

Length of co-types 27-28, ¢ 26 mm.

Female.—Face blackish, with grey tomentum; a few

yellow and black hairs below antenne ; the tubercle well

developed, carrying the moustache, which consists of stout

black bristles continued round the oral opening, with a few

long white hairs intermixed. Pa/pi blackish, with long

bristly hairs. Beard white. Antenne black, the first two

joints with bristly black hairs, third wanting. Forehead

eee ee

the Asilidee of Australasia. 415

with a row of black bristly hairs each side and some yellow

hairs. Hind part of head armed with very stout black

bristles. Thorax black, with grey tomentum ; two black

bristles above base of wings, four or more below, and others

on posterior border of thorax, intermixed with black hairs ;

sides with grey tomentum and white pubescence. Scutellum

as thorax, armed with a double row of bristles. Addomcn

black, with narrow ashy-grey segmentations on the first four

segments, uniting with the ashy grey sides, the pubescence

pale yellow or white ; the last three segments narrow, wholly

black ; the ovipositor black, as long as the last segment ;

underside ashy grey, with long white pubescence. Legs red,

the femora largely black, only red below, the apices of the

tibia and the tarsi wholly black ; all the numerous bristles

are black, pubescence on femora and tibie whitish, on cox

white and long. Wings hyaline tinged with pale brown, the

streak in first submarginal cell large and distinct ; veins

fulvous, the small transverse vein on basal third of discal

cell.

Male.— Hairs intermixed in moustache are more numerous

and pale golden yellow. Antenne with some fulvous thick

pubescence on lower side of first joint; the third joint with

long terminal bristle. Beard and hairs on legs same colour

as hairs of moustache. Abdomen narrower, the ashy-grey

colour being replaced by the same golden-yellow colour

present on all the posterior borders and sides of segments ;

genital organs black, prominent ; red colour of /egs more

inclining to yellow.

Promachus doddi, 3, sp. n.

Type (2) from Townsville, Queensland (F. P. Dodd), and

type (¢) and another and a female from Endeavour River,

Queensland, in Mr. French’s Coll., and other females from

Burpengary, Queensland (Bancroft).

A large species with black oblong spots on the greyish

abdomen reaching the auterior border of segments, but not

attaining the side borders ; legs reddish, with white pubes-

cence, and moustache yellowish white.

Length, ¢ 25, 2 27 mm. (without ovipositor).

Face black, covered with whitish tomeutum ; the moustache

above oral opening consists of strong yellowish bristles and

some fine hairs intermixed, which latter are continued up

middle of face to base of antenne. Palpiin g with a few

long black bristles at the apex and whitish-yellow bristle-like

hairs below, in the 9? wholly whitish yellow. Beard

416 Miss G. Ricardo—A Revision of

whitish. Antenne brown, with black hairs on the first two

joints, the third with a long bristle at end. Forehead black,

covered with greyish tomentum, a row of black hairs next

the eyes, and beyond these white hairs reaching to antennee ;

back of head armed with black bristles and whitish hairs.

Thorax covered with greyish tomentum, ground-colour

brownish, with two distinct brown (?), black (¢) median

stripes; some very short, inconspicuous, black pubescence

on dorsum ; sides with black bristles and covered with grey

tomeutum below and white pubescence ; thorax posteriorly

and scutellum on its posterior border with black bristles, the

latter black, with grey tomentum and some white hairs.

Abdomen in & stout, robust, appearing black on each seg-

ment, with the posterior borders and the sides grey, pubes-

cence on dorsum chiefly black, at sides with thicker whitish

pubescence ; venter black, but covered with grey tomentum

and with fine white hairs; genital organs black, with black

hairs above and some white ones below ; in the 9? the black

spots are smaller and more distinctly marked, the pubescence

even on the black spot chiefly yellowish but shorter; ovi-

positor black, shining, with white pubescence below. Legs

red, the coxze, knees, and apices of tibize, and all tarsi black ;

posterior tibiz more largely black, especially in the 2; cox

with long white pubescence ; femora with white short pubes-

cence, thickest on the posterior pair; bristles black, cn the

middle and posterior pairs with some yellowish ones on their

lower borders; tibiz with white pubescence and_ black

bristles ; tarsi with black pubescence and bristles, anterior

pairs with some white pubescence. Wings hyaline, veins

yellowish, small transverse vein below the middle of the

discal cell.

This species differs from P. rufipes in having white-haired

palpi, the black spots on abdomen not triangular, and in the

femora and tibiz being the same colour, with some white

bristles, and the size of P. rufipes is only 20 mm.

A male from Endeavour River, Queensland, and a female,

both in Mr. French’s collection, differ from the above by

having the moustache and the palpi of black and white hairs,

and the femora have no white bristles ; for the present they

may be considered as only a variety of P. doddt.

The following species have been described from New

Guinea and other parts of the Australasian Region :—

Promachus bifasciatus, Macq.; P. addens, complens, con-

tradicens, gilolonus, transactus, Wlk.; P. inornatus, Wulp ;

the Asilidw of Australasia. 417

P. albicauda, Wulp, calorificus, concolor, W\k., from

Celebes.

The type of Promachus bifasciatus, a female from Java,

seen by me in Paris Museum, 12. 4. 11; the supposition that

P. strenua, W\k., is the same is correct.

Putxopicus, Loew.

Linn. Ent. iii. p. 391 (1848).

The only species recorded from the Australasian Region is

Philodicus canescens, Walker.

List Dipt. vii. Suppl. 3, p. 608 [7rupanea] (1855); Kertesz, Cat.

Dipt. p. 218 [Promachus} (1909).

Type (2) from New Holland.

A blackish species, with grey posterior borders on abdo-

minal segments. Wings clear.

Length 21 mm.

Face covered with silvery-grey tomentum. Moustache of

long yellow hairs. Palpi brown, with whitish hairs. Beard

yellowish white. Antenne black, the third joint wanting.

Forehead with yellowish hairs at sides. Hind part of head

with stout yellowish bristles and with white hairs. Thorax

brownish, with grey tomentum on shoulders and sides, two

narrow dark stripes on centre of dorsum, pubescence black ;

sides and breast with silvery-white tomentum; two stout

black bristles above base of wings and numerous ones on

posterior part of thorax. Scuéellum covered with grey

tomentum and with long white hairs. dddomen long and

slender, brownish black, with short greyish pubescence, the

posterior borders of all segments grey tomentose. Legs

black, with short grey pubescence, tibiz yellowish, all bristles

black. Wings hyaline, greyish at apex; veins fulvous,

small transverse vein below the middle of discal cell, fourth

posterior cell closed.

ProcracaNntuus, Macquart.

Dipt. Exot. i. (2) p. 236 (1838).

The following species are recorded from Australia :—

Proctacanthus durvillei, Macq., 7. ¢. p. 257.

Proctacanthus spilogaster, Thoms., Eugen. Resa, Dipt. p. 469 (1869).

418 Miss G. Ricardo—A Revision of

The type of Proctacanthus posticus, Walker, is a Bathy-

pogon sp. (see ‘ Annals,’ ser. 8, vol. x. 1912, p. 152).

Proctacanthus durvillei, Macquart.

Seen in Paris, 12. 4. 11.

Type a female from Tasmania in bad preservation.

Blackish. Face very narrow above, below wider and

wholly taken up by a tubercle, covered with yellowish

tomentum and very short pubescence. Moustache seems

destroyed. Palpi with black bristly hairs. Antenne de-

stroyed. Head excised behind. Beard yellow. Scutellum

with remains of golden tomentum. Abdomen apparently

blue-black, shining. Legs fairly stout, black; femora with

white hairs below ; tibia and tarsi with many reddish bristles ;

tibize reddish.

Macquart described it thus, and states it came from Bay

of Jervis, New South Wales (New Holland) :—

Black. Thorax with yellow pubescence and three black

stripes. Tibiz testaceous.

Length 9 lines. 9.

Face, moustache, and beard yellow. Forehead black, with

slight grey tomentum and black hairs. Abdomen shining

black with blue reflections. Coxe and femora with whitish

hairs ; tibiz and tarsi with yellow bristles. (Wings muti-

lated.)

Proctacanthus spilegaster, Thomson.

From Sydney.

Described as allied to P. durvillet, Macq.

Black, the face, spots on thorax and sides of abdomen

yellow-haired ; femora brown ; tibiz pale yellow, their base

and apex and the tarsi black, these latter with the meta-

tarsus yellow at base. Wings hyaline; veins brown, the

transverse vein below the middle of discal cell.

Length, 2, 17 mm.

Erax, Scop.

Entomol. Carniol. p. 359 (1763).

Feria, Coquill. Canada Ent. xxv. p. 175 (1898).

The following species are recorded from the Australasian

Region, most of them from Australia :—

Erax albiventris, Macq., Dipt. Exot. Suppl. iv. p. 386 (1849).

Ierax asiloides, Macq., /. c. p. 586, pl. vill. fig. 8

the Asilidee of Australasia. 419

Erax caudatus, Fabr., Syst. Antl. 171. 33 [Dasypogon] (1805). See

Kertesz, Cat. Dipt. p. 234 (1909), for further references.

Erax fuscipennis, Macq., Dipt. Exot. i. (2) p. 225.

Frax plantaris, Thoms., Eugen. Resa, Dipt. p. 468 (1869),

Erax salomon, Macq,, J. ¢. p. 226.

Erax varymystaceus, Macq., Dipt. Exot. Suppl. ii. p, 56.

No specimens of this genus are present in the Brit. Mus.

Coll. or Mr. French’s Coll.

Erax albiventris, Macquart. -

Type (a male) seen in Paris Museum, 12. 4. 11.

A large species, distinguished by the tomentose ashy-grey

coloured sixth segment of abdomen, which is black, with

yellowish-grey tomentose lateral spots.

Face broad, with a large tubercle. Moustache white, with

black bristles intermixed. Antenne black, the arista long,

almost the length of antenna, the first two joints with white

hairs. Legs stout, black; the tibie red, the hind pair

broader on the apical half, with dense fulvous pubescence ;

the anterior femora with white hairs and no bristles, the

others with black bristles. Wings dilated, with am appendix.

Macquart described it thus :—

Black. Thorax with ashy-grey pubescence and black

stripes. Abdomen with broken silvery segmentations and

the last segment but one silvery ; underside white. Mou-

stache above black, below yellow. Tibi testaceous. Wings

dilated. ¢. PI. viii. fig. 4.

Length 10 lines. @.

Palpi with black hairs. Beard white. Face with greyish-

white tomentum ; moustache yellowish, with black bristles

above and at sides. Forehead and antenne black. Thorax

with the intermediate stripe bordered by a white line; sides

with ashy-grey tomentum, changing to brownish. Abdo-

men with white hairs at sides ; the second, third, and fourth

segments bordered posteriorly with a silvery-white colour,

widely interrupted in the middle, and comprising the whole

width of the segments near the junction of the arches ; fifth

on posterior border almost wholly white ; sixth entirely dull

silvery white; seventh short, black, with a white spot on

each side of the anterior border ; underside white, with white

hairs; genital organs large, brown. Legs black, with white

hairs and black bristles ; tibiz testaceous, the anterior and

intermediate ones black at apex; posterior pair a little

swollen towards the middle behind. Wings dilated on

external border, reddish grey.

From the east coast of New South Wales. Paris Museum.

420 Miss G. Ricardo—-A Revision of

Erax asiloides, Macquart.

Type probably destroyed.

Described as black. Abdomen with yellow segmentations.

Legs black, posterior femora at base and tibie red, Wings

with no appendix.

Length, ?, 6 lines without ovipositor.

From the figure of wing this species hardly appears to

belong to this genus.

Erax caudatus, Fabricius.

Placed by Schiner in this genus, but not known to him.

Described as a female, 1] lines.

Yellow, with brown stripes; abdomen black, with golden

bands and light honey-yellow legs. Beard white. Moustache

of seven yellowish bristles. Wings yellowish.

From Australia.

Erax fuscipennis, Macquart.

Described as black. Thorax golden-coloured, with black

stripes. Legs black; tibiz testaceous, black at apices.

Wings brown.

Length 93} lines. ©.

Erax plantaris, Thoms.

Described as brown. Allied to Neoaratus hercules, Wied.,

but wings not dilated in the middle and colour of abdomen

different. Antenne yellow. Abdomen yellow, at base olive.

Legs chestnut ; knees and tarsi black, posterior tibize yellow.

Length 23 mm. 4.

From Australia.

Erax salomon, Macquart.

Seen in Paris Museum, 12. 4. 11.

Type a male. Abdomen half gone and in a bad state.

Face with a large protuberant tubercle, bearing the

moustache. Antenne black, the first two joints with black

hairs, the third reddish, small and conical, with a long

terminal arista almost the length of the entire antenna.

Legs black, tibiz testaceous ; the bristles mostly black, some

yellow ones on the femora. Wings dilated, neuration very

similar to that of Hrax completus, Macq. (see Dipt. Exot.

i, (2) pl. ix. fig. 9), but the posterior branch of fork of third

the Asilide of Australasia. 421

vein does not curve towards the anterior border anything

like so much, it ends just at the apex of wing ; no appendix,

but the rudiment of one is preseut.

Macquart describes it thus :—

Black. Abdomen (¢) black, the three apical segments

silvery. Legs red ; femora and posterior tarsi black.

Length 94 lines. ¢@.

Forehead and face with whitish tomentum; moustache

black, mixed with white. Beard white. Antenne black.

Thorax anteriorly reddish grey, posteriorly slate-coloured,

with black stripes and a black triangular spot on the poste-

rior border. Abdomen whitish at the sides. Legs with

black bristles, femora and, the anterior and intermediate

tibize with white hairs; posterior tibie black at apex.

Wings a little brownish, dilated ; the second submarginal

cell with a very short appendix.

From the Solomon Islands, Port Praslin. M. Durville.

Paris Museum.

Macquart also described, in Suppl.i. p. 210, a female from

Sydney Island, Oceania, which he suggested might be the

female of this species.

Erax varymystaceus, Macquart.

Described as having abdomen black, with sides and seg-

mentations ashy grey. Thorawv ashy grey, with black stripes.

Legs black, tibize testaceous. Wings with an appendix.

Length 7 lines. 2.

From New South Wales.

Subgenera of Asilus.

Williston in his 1908 edition of ‘ Manual of N. American

Diptera’ considered many of the subdivisions of the old

genus Asilus very vague and often not based on true generic

characters, and placed them in his table of genera as sub-

genera. Prof. Hine in “ Robberflies of the Genus Asilus,”

Ann. Ent. Soc. America, 11. no. 2, pp. 136-172, follows

Williston.

GuiapHyropyea, Schiner.

Verh, zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xvi. p. 674 (1866).

There are only two species recorded in this genus—

G. himantocerus, Wied., from Brazil, for which Schiner

formed the genus, and G. australasie, Schiner, ‘ Novara?

Reise, Dipt. p. 187 (1866), from Australia.

422 Miss G. Ricardo—A Levision of

Length 7 lines.

The “description of this reads suspiciously like that of

Heligmoneura lascus, Walker ; but this genus is distinguished

by the broad third joint of antenne, almost the same width

throughout; this last particular is true of H. lascus, but the

width is not very great. Schiner gives no idea of the

proportion of the width to the length.

Dysmacuus, Loew.

Dipt. Stidafrik. p. 143 (1860).

Lophonotus, Macq., Dipt. Exot, i. (2) (1838), preeoce. Steph. Lepid.

1829,

The genus distinguished by the mane-like bristles on

dorsum of thorax is only represented in the Australasian

Region as yet by one species from Melbourne, viz. :—

Dysmachus rudis, Walker.

List Dipt. pt. vil. Suppl. iii. p, 737 (Aszlus) (1855).

Type (¢) from Melbourne (Baly Coll.).

A small dull-coloured species with hyaline wings. Legs

black, tibiz reddish.

Length 12 mm,

Face blackish, covered with dull yellowish tomentum ;

tubercle occupies centre of face, not very large; the

moustache, consisting of strong black bristles, reaches to

the antenne ; the oral aperture surrounded at sides by dull

yellowish hairs, a few of these are intermixed with the

moustache below. Antenne blackish, the first two joints

together not so long as the third joimt, both with thick

black hairs; the third joint long, cylindrical, with a short

stvle-like arista. Lorehead with some long black hairs,

longest on the ocelligerous tubercle. Hind part of head

with yellowish hairs and black incurved bristles at vertex.

Thorax brownish, with stripes of yellowish tomentum, the

black hairs long, bristly, disposed like a mane, reaching the

whole length of the thorax. Scutellum paler coloured, with

two long black bristles. | Abdomen brownish, with some

yellowish tomentum, black bristles on posterior borders of

segments not reaching the centre, dorsum with short black

pubescence, sides of basal segments with larger yellowish

hairs. Genital organs black, fairly large and prominent.

Legs black, the coxe and underside of femora with long

yellowish hairs, the tibiz dull reddish on basal two-thirds,

first joint of tarsi same colour ; pubescence yellowish on the

og hie hee aes o-

YR nee iA

a ee

the Asilidx of Australasia. 423

tibiw, elsewhere chiefly black. Wings hyaline, veins reddish,

the small cross-vein beyond the middle of discal cell, the

first posterior cell almost the same width throughout, the

fourth closed.

Macuimus, Loew.

Linn. Ent. iv. p. 1 (1849).

This genus has not been recorded before from the

Australasian Region ; but two species are known from the

Oriental Region, one being Asi/us atratulus, Wik., the type

of which is in the Brit. Mus. Coll., from Java, a species with

the legs black. I believe Asi/us antilco, Walker, belongs to

this genus, but it is in bad preservation. There is a female

from Queensland which also appears to belong to this genus,

but is a different species.

Machemus antilco, Walker.

List Dipt. ii. p. 458 (1849), et vii. Suppl, 3, p. 737 (1855).

Type (2) from Port Stephen.

Length 15 mm.

A blackish species. Face black, with yellowish tomentum

at sides, the tubercle distinct, the moustache consisting of

numerous black bristles and hairs. Antenne black, the first

two joints with black hairs. The ¢horar black with grey

stripes. Legs black ; the tibiz yellow, black at apex ; the fore

femora armed below with at least four stout short bristles aud

incrassate, on the hind femora these bristles are present but

not so strong, and they are not so incrassate. Wings hyaline,

the small transverse vein beyond the middle of discal cell,

Abdomen very dirty and ovipositor not quite complete.

Heticgmoneura, Bigot.

Thoms., Archiy. Entom. ii. p. 356 (1858).

Mochtheru:, Loéw, Linn. Ent. iv. p. 58 (1849) [preoce. Schmidt,

Goebel Coll., 1846).

Neomochtherus, Ost.-Sack., Cat. Dipt. N. Amer. ed. 2, pp. 82 & 235,

(1878).

The only species recorded from the Australasian Region

are :—

H. laseus, Wlk., List Dipt. ii. p. 466 [Asz/us) (1849), et vii, Suppl. 3,

p. 743. Asilus] (1853); Hutton, Cat. New Zealand Dipt. &e. p. 30

| Asi/us |, et Trans. New Zealand Inst. xxxiil. p. 22 [ Stenoprosopis}

(1901).

H. lauta, v.d. Wulp, Tijd. v. Ent. (2) vii. (xv.) p. 242 [Mochtherus]

(1872), et Cat. Dipt. 8. Asia, p. 96 | Wochtherus| (1896),

424 A Revision of the Asilidee of Australasia.

H. gnava, v. d. Wulp, 7. c. p. 243, pl. xii. fig. 8 (1872), et xix. p. 174

(1876); Ost.-Sack. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, xvi. p. 423 [ Mochtherus]

(1882).

H. patruelis, v. d. Wulp, is recorded from Celebes.

Heligmoneura lascus, Walker.

Types (¢ ?) from Colenso, New Zealand, also recorded

by Hutton from Auckland and Wellington, New Zealand.

The types presented by Dr. Hooker are not identifiable,

but there are male and female specimens from New Zealand

(Col. Sinclair, 1845) and others (Col. Botton, 1854), which

agree with the description given by Walker. This species

and another new species from New Zealand, S. meridion-

alis, were placed by Hutton in the genus Séenoprosopis,

containing species from America, with the exception of one

from Bengal ; this species, however, belongs to Heligmoneura,

having the face very narrow, raised round the mouth, forming

a very slight tubercle (in Stenoprosopis the face has no

tubercle and the moustache is composed of only a few long

hairs), and appears nearly allied to H. gnava, v. d. Walp,

from Java, Obi, Halmaheira, and Waigiou. Sfenoprosopis

meridionalis, Hutton, Trans. New Zealand Inst. xxsiii. p. 23,

will probably prove to be a species of Heligmoneura.

H. lascus is described as a small species with reddish-

yellow legs, the abdomen black, with rather broad greyish or

dull yellowish segmentations. Wings clear, grey at apex

and round posterior border,

Length 12-13 mm.

Description from fresh specimens from New Zealand

(Cockayne).

Male.—Face very narrow, blackish, covered with dense

yellowish pubescence ; tubercle small, extending the whole

width of face above the oral opening; the moustache

consists of glistening long white hairs which surround

the oral opening, three or four yellow bristly hairs are

visible above. Beard of sparse white hairs. Palpi reddish

ellow with white hairs. Antenne blackish, the second

joint and base of third pale reddish yellow ; the first joint

long, narrow, the second joint broader and about a third

shorter, both with yellowish hairs at sides; the third joint

long, conical, with terminal arista two-thirds its length.

Hind part of head with white hairs, reddish yellow and

stouter at vertex. Thorax’ and abdomen with the ground-

colour dull yellowish marked with brown stripes and spots,

the thorax with black bristles at side. Sceutellum dull

yellowish, with two reddish-yellow bristles. Abdomen with

Mr. G. C. Robson on Aporemodon. 425

irregularly oval-shaped, blackish-brown, large spots on centre

of each segment, reaching the anterior but not the posterior

border, the Jast segment almost wholly black ; the genital

organs large, shining black; dorsum with sparse, yellow, short

pubescence and longer hairs at sides, thickest on the first

segment; underside almost wholly blackish, shining. Legs

yellowish, shining, upperside of femora blackish, apices of

tibie and tarsal joints brown; bristles on legs chiefly

yellowish or white. Wings hyaline, apex and posterior

border grey ; veins brown, the small transverse vein just

beyond middle of discal cell; first posterior cell long and

narrow, the fourth closed.

Female identical ; the ovipositor long, black, including the

seventh and eighth segments, compressed at sides.

(To be continued, }

XLVIII.—On Aporemocon, a remarkatle new Lulmonate

Genus. By G.C. Rogson, B.A., British Museum (Natural

History).

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Tr isa familiar fact that certain genera of Mollusca, otherwise

distinct anatomically, agree in possessing a simple patelliform

shell. Such agreement in conchological character is found

in genera as different in anatemy as Acmea, Siphonaria,

Cocculina, aud Ancylus. The new genus, for which a name

is here propored, seems to constitute not only a fresh but also

a novel example of this phenomenon ; for it possesses,

along with shell-characters that would approximate it to

Cocculina or Propilidium, a radula which is not only of

Pulmonate form, but also resembles very closely that of a

definite genus of Helicoid Pulmonata.

The material on which this genus is founded consisted of

six complete specimens and an additional shell, a selection

from which has been presented by J. R. le B. Tomlin, Esq.,

tothe British Museum. ‘They were bequeathed to Mr. Tomlin

by Surgeon-General Archer, who obtained them “on the

beach” near Singapore some thirty years ago. No further

information is forthcoming, in which any reliance can be

placed, for determining the animal’s habitat or station, though

there can be no doubt that itis a marine form. The soft

parts were so shrivelled after thirty years’ dessication that all

attempts to render them fit for sectioning were fruitless. It

is a matter for considerable regret that the rest of the anatomy

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol, xi. 29

426 Mr. G. C. Robson on Aporemodon.

of this interesting form must remain unknown for thé present,

and that, in consequence, our attempts to allocate a systematic

position to it are dependent on the form of a single structure

—the radula.

A full description of the shell is given below; it is suffi-

cient here to remark that it is, in general, a small patelliform

shell with a spiral apex like that of Coceulina or Propilidium.

lt lacks the internal septum characteristic of the latter and

the clear-cut sculpture of the former, while its horny texture

distinguishes it from both.

The radula, however, as Dr. H. M. Gwatkin pointed out

to me, and as I have subsequently verified for myself,

resembles that of the Helicid genus Vallonia. In general

arrangement the two are in singularly close agreement. The

following differences of detail may be noted and commented

upon. In Aporemodon the small central tooth bears a single

cusp, though on its expanded base are often seen traces of

two lateral cusps. In Vallonia the central tooth, likewise

small, is clearly tricuspid, though the lateral cusps are

diminutive. In both genera the lateral teeth are in agree-

ment, save for the fact that there are five bicuspid teeth in

Aporemodon, whereas in Vallonia the last lateral * is usually

three-cusped (though not always so), and thus marks a tran-

sition-stage between laterals and marginals. In addition, the

interior lower angle of the basal plate in Aporemodon is

rounded off, reminding us of the condition seen in Suceznea.

The marginal series of Vallonia seems to consist typically of

eight teeth ; in Aporemodon there are seven. In general

they agree pretty closely, exhibiting each a narrow basal

plate, with the outer end tending to exceed theinner in depth,

and bearing a number of small cusps and one large one. But

whereas in Aporemodon the cusps are four in number and the

second is the largest, in Vallonia the cusps are more nume-

rous (five or six) and the first cusp (obviously the same as

the big cusp of the laterals) is the largest.

In attempting to assign a systematic position to Apore-

modon we may at once exclude the shell from consideration,

on account of the plasticity of that structure, especially in a

case where the simple patelliform shell is in question, and are

thus left faute de mieux with the radula.

It is clear that, for the time being, this genus must be

placed near Vallonta. We might be tempted to regard the

latter as a representative of a primitive Helicid stock, from

* Other authors may prefer to regard this tooth as a marginal, but I

am inclined to rank it with the lateral series on account of its shape and

because it occasionally, even in species where it is normally three-cusped,

exhibits two cusps only. In V. cyeluphorella (Sterki, Proc. Acad. N. Sci.

Phil. 1893) it is normally bicuspid.

Mr. G. C. Robson on Aporemodon. 427

which Aporemodon was given off as a modified form with

uncoiled shell, both forms retaining similar dental characters.

But I see no reason on anatomical grounds for regarding

Vallonia as primitive. It is true that it lacks the mucus-

glands characteristic of the Belogona Siphonadenia in which

it is placed by Pilsbry *. But that does not necessarily

imply that it never had any. Iam of Pilsbry’s opinion that

it has lost them through degeneration or retrogression. This

being so, we are left, in default of further anatomical know-

ledge, with no other course open to us but to regard Apore-

modon asa modified form of Vallonia regarded as a normal

Helicid. It may be noted that Vadlon/a is a fairly old genus

palxontologically, going back to the Lower Eocene, and that

its geographical distribution does not in any way invalidate

the genetic relationship here suggested.

The possibility is not excluded that this may be an extreme

ease of convergence. I am reminded of this possibility by

the fact that the Helicoid character of transition between the

lateral and marginal teeth of the radula is wanting in

Aporemodon, the only noticeable transition being in size.

My best thanks are due to Dr. H. M. Gwatkin, who has

made some admirable preparations of the radula and also drew

my attention to the similarity between it and that of Vadlonia.

APOREMODON, gen. nov.

Radula with formula 6-7:5:1:5: 6-7, resembling

that of Vallonia. Shell minute, patelliform, with coiled apex.

Aporemodon tomlini, sp. n.

Radula with median tooth unicuspid, laterals with one

large and one small cusp, internal inferior angle of basal

plate rounded, marginals quadricuspid, the second cusp larger

than the rest.

Shell minute (2°9x 2:0 mm., alt. 1-1 mm.), horny, sub-

diaphanous, ovate-oblong, brownish-yellow, with radial reddish

stripes, occasionally bifurcate and seen more clearly anteriorly,

sculptured with concentric lines of growth usually hair-like,

occasionally larger, crossed by numerous almost imperceptible

radial strie, evanescent in many places; apex anterior,

nearly overhanging the margin, coiled towards the left side.

* Pilsbry (‘ Manual of Conchology,’ ser. ii. vol. ix. pp. xxxvi and 237)

thus places Vallonia:—

[Fam. Helicide.}

Tribe V. Belogona.

aa, B. stphonadenia.

1. Helix, Leptaris, Xe.

2. Helicodonta, Vallonia, Helicella, &e.

428 Miscellaneous.

Interiorly plain, lacking a distinct border, the external red

stripes showing clearly through the transparent shell.

Locality. Singapore (beach).

Type in the British Museum.

yh .

S PU fy chy alley phy ory ty oc

Figs. 1-4.—A. tomlini; shell. (The small dark figures indicate the natural

size.)

Fig. 5.—A. tomlint; radula, central tooth, and lateral and marginal

teeth of one side. (74, homog. immersion.)

POSTSCRIPT.

The marine habitat of this genus is distinctly interesting,

though we must await further knowledge of its anatomy

before concluding that it has not been adopted secondarily,

as is the case of Onchidium, the only other marine (or, more

strictly, amphibious) Pulmonate.

MISCELLANEOUS.

Helix rufescens, Pennant.

By A. 8. Kennarp and B. B. Woopwarp.

Mr. E. A. Surrn’s note on the identity of Pennant’s species with

Helicigona (Arianta) arbustorum is, of course, one of great interest

to all conchologists. When, however, it comes to the question of

what name should take the place of Pennant’s for this well-known

species there is likely to be some difference of opinion.

Mr. Smith gives preference to montana, on the ground that it

had been previously adopted by Studer; but there is nothing to

show that C. Pfeiffer was acquainted with Studer’s shell in any way

or that the application of the name to the shell he figures (pl. vi.

fig. 9) was anything more than guesswork. Moreover, the figure in

question rather suggests a large Hygr. hispida, Linn. (=concinna,

Jeff.), than the shell we have hitherto known as rufescens. On the

other hand, striolata (fig. 8) is our old friend and is the name by

which it is currently known on the continent; so we think this

name should be preferred.

THE ANNALS

AND

MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY,

[EIGHTH SERIES.]

No. 65. MAY 1912,

——————————

XLIX.—A Revision of the Asilidee of Australasia,

By Gerrrupe Ricarpo.

[Concluded from p, 425. |

PARARATUS, gen, NOV.

Allied to Aratus, v.d. Wulp (now Neoaratus), in having no

bristles on the abdomen, and in the neuration of the wing,

but is distinguished from it by the non-dilation of the

wing on its fore border in both sexes, and by the genital

organs, which in the male are very large and club-shaped ;

the ovipositor of the female is compressed at the sides,

bringing it thus near Neoitamus in this respect, from which,

however, the neuration of wing and large size of the species

distinguish it, It is also allied to Blepharotes in the large

genital organs of male. From Asilus in sensu stricto it is

distinguished by the character of these argans,

Type and only species of genus from Victoria, New S,

Wales,

Pararatus macrostylus, Loew.

Zeitschr. f. d. ges, Naturwiss. N. F. x. (xliv.) p. 75 (Blepharotes)

(1874).

One male and one female in Brit. Mus, Coll, from

Champion Bay, W. Australia (Du Boulay). Four males

from Mallee District, Victoria, in Mr. Frencl’s coll,

Loew divided this species off from Blepharotes coriarius,

stating he had often seen specimens of both species in

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist, Ser. 8. Vol. xi. 30

430 Miss G. Ricardo—A Revision of

collections under B. coriarius. After carefully studying his

description of his new species I am convinced the above

specimens are identical with his species macrostylus and that

they do not belong to the genus Blepharotes, though it is

very unlike Loew to have overlooked the following characters

which preclude it from belonging to Blepharotes, viz.: ovi-

positor of female, which is long and compressed at sides ;

short style of antenne and short third joint, the absence of

thick tuft-like hairs at sides of abdomen, and the very much

slighter build of legs; these last three characters were

noticed by Loew in his description, but of the ovipositor he

makes no mention. The neuration of wings is very similar.

Small males of Blepharotes flava have a slight general

resemblance to this species, but the thick tuft-like hairs at

sides of abdomen will at once distinguish them.

This is a large species: abdomen fulvous with reddish-

yellow pubescence and black apex; thorax blackish; wings

large, hyaline. Legs wholly black.

Length 27-35 mm.

Male.—Face blackish, covered with yellowish tomentum ;

the tubercle large, occupying the lower part of face, bearing

the moustache composed of long white hairs. Palpi black,

with black hairs. Antenne black, the third joint with a long

terminal bristle; the first two ‘joints short, the first the

longest, both with black hairs; the third conical, with a

rather long tapering point, the joint a little longer than the

first two joints together, the bristle nearly as long as the

joint. Forehead brownish black, with white pubescence,

white hairs on hind part of head, a few black hairs at vertex.

Thorax brownish black, with black pubescence and two long

bristles before the suture, two beyond, and several on

posterior part of thorax ; sides and breast with white pubes-

ceuce. Scutellum same colour, with three stout bristles on

posterior border, Abdomen flat, rather broad compared with

Asilus species, at its widest about 5 mm., becoming narrower

at apex ; the first segment black with black pubescence, the

others bright reddish yellow with fulvous pubescence; sides

with fairly long, fine, yellowish-white hairs, thickest on the

second segment, not disposed as tufts; posterior border of

last segment and the genital organs black, the latter large

and prominent with black pubescence; underside black,

bare, with black hairsat sides. Legs blackish, all the femora

armed with black bristles ; coxz with long white hairs,

pubescence elsewhere and all bristles black. /Vings hyaline,

the posterior branch of fork strongly curved; the second

posterior cell broad at base, bulging into the first, the third

the Asilidee of Australasia. 431

wide, the fourth closed, the anal cell closed some way from

the border ; the small transverse vein is situated about the

middle of the discal cell; veins black at base and on fore

border, then reddish. Halteres black.

Female identical. Ovipositor blackish, long, including the

sixth and seventh segments, compressed at sides.

NeorraMus, Osten-Sacken.

Cat. Dipt. N. Amer. ed. 2, pp. 82 & 235 (1878)

Itamus, Loew, Linn. Ent. iv, p. 84 (1849), preeoce. Schmidt, Goeb.

Coll., 1846.

The following species are recorded from Australia,

Tasmania, and New Zealand :—

Neoitamus varius, Walker, List Dipt. ii. p. 457 (1849), et pt. vii. Suppl. 3,

p- 742 [Asilus] (1835); Hutton, Trans. New 4%. Inst. xxxiii.

p- 22 [Itamus] (1901).—Asilus fraternus (? females only), Macq.,

Dipt. Exot. Suppl. i. p. 219 (1844); v. d. Wulp, Sumatra Exp.

Dipt. p. 25 (Itamus] (1881). Asilus bulbus, Walker, var. B, List

Dipt. pt. ii. p. 466 (1849). Ltamus melanopogon, Schiner, ‘ Novaya’

Reise, Dipt. p. 190 (1868).

Neoitamus mistipes, Macq., Dipt. Exot. Suppl. iv. p. 398, pl. ix. fig. 3

[ Astlus | (1849).

Neoitamus bulbus, Walker, List Dipt. ii. p. 465 LAsilus] (1849), et vii.

Suppl. 3, p. 743 [ Ast/ws] (1855) —Itamus inquisiter, Nowicki, Mem.

d. Krakauer k.-k. Akad. d. Wiss. ii. p. 21 [Jtamus] (1875), et Beitr.

z. Kentniss d. Dipt. Fauna Neu Seelands, 21 [ Itamus] (1875).

Neoitamus planiceps, Schiner, ‘ Novara’ Reise, Dipt. p. 189 [Jtamus|

(1868).

Neoitamus hyalipennis, sp. n.

The synonymy of these species here given differs con-

siderably from that given by Kertesz in his Cat. Dipt., but

I believe, from the examination of Walker’s types, this will]

prove correct. f .

Asilus sydneyensis does not belong to this genus,

Nevitamus varius, Walker,

Asilus fraternus, Macq. (females only).

Asilus bulbus, Walker, var. B.

Itamus melanopogon, Schiner,

Macquart’s type (male) and his original series of specimens

of females seen in Paris Museum, 12. 4. 11, from Tasmania.

The females were identical in all respects with a specimen of

Walker’s Asilus varius which I took for com parison ; the male

and another male specimen were identical, with the exception

of the genitalia, which were not so swollen and large, but

more long oval, and the white hairs on abdomen were not

30*

432 Miss G. Ricardo—A Revision of

so numerous or long as in the male specimen of varius. It

appears probable that Macquart’s male belongs to another

species of Neoitamus, but the question must be left in

abeyance till further material is available, and for this reason

priority is given to Walker’s name.

In Brit. Mus. Coll.

Types of Asilus varius consist of two males, co-types, one

presented by Col. Sinclair, one from Mr. Earl’s collection ;

and three females, co-types, added in the 7th volume ‘ List

Dipt. Brit. Mus.,’ from Anckland, presented by Col. Bolton ;

a long series of specimens are in the collection from New

Zealand.

A smali blackish species, the Jegs bluish black; tibize

reddish yellow. Wings hyaline, greyish round the posterior

border and at apex.

Length, § 17-18 mm., ¢ 18 mm.

Face black, with white or yellowish tomentum at sides;

tubercle large, black, shining; the moustache composed of

many black bristles and a few long white hairs below.

Antenne with black hairs on the first two joints. Beard

white and the hairs round head white. Head excised a little

behind, with black incurved hairs at occiput. Thorax black,

with two ashy-grey or yellowish tomentose stripes, grey at

sides, the pubescence on dorsum black and some short black

bristles present, with longer ones at the sides. Scutellum the

same, with four large black bristles on posterior border, often

yellow in the female. Abdomen black, with grey or whitish

segmentations and short black pubescence, some white hairs

at base eon segmentations and yellow bristles at sides; geni-

talia in male club-shaped, ‘large, swollen at tips, black and

shining with black hairs and a few white ones intermixed ;

ovipositor in female long, including the sixth and seventh

segments of abdomen. Legs black ; femora with long white

hairs below, the middle and posterior pair with bristles on

underside ; tibize testaceous ; bristles on legs black. Wings

with the small transverse vein at or beyond middle of discal

eell,

Walker’s var. B of budbus, a female, is identical with the

types of varius. ,

Itamus melanopogon is identical, judging from the de-

scription given by Schiner; the type came from Auckland.

The original description ‘of N. fraternus, by Macquart, of

male and female is very short. V.d. Wulp described more

fully a female specimen from Rawas, Sumatra, he considered

to be identical with it ; the only difference in the description

appears to be that the outsides of tibia have a black stripe

— 8

te es

_— eo

the Asilidee of Australasia. 433

and the first joint of fore tarsi is brown-yellow. The ovi-

positor he mentioned as including the last three segmeuts of

abdomen, and being shining black.

Neoitamus mistipes, Macquart.

Type, a female, seen in Paris Museum, 12.4.11. A male

specimen I took for comparison is identical with this type;

the bristles on the legs are more largely white in the male

than in the female type, which has only a few white ones on

the middle and posterior femora.

In Brit. Mus. Coll.

Male and female from Mt. Gambier, S. Australia (W.

Wesche), 1905, and another male and female from same

locality.

A blackish species ; the abdomen, especially in the male,

covered with yellowish tomentum ; tibiz yellowish, femora

yellow below; bristles on the legs chiefly yellow. Wings

hyaline.

Length 14 mm.

Male.—Face covered with pale yellow tomentum, the

tubercle distinct ; moustache composed of weak yellowish-

white bristles and two black longer ones above. Beard

white. Antenne blackish, the first two joints with black

hairs, the third joint conical with a long terminal arista.

Forehead brown, with black hairs at the sides. Hind part

of head with dull yellow hairs. Thorax blackish brown,

covered with yellowish tomentum, two median and a lateral

interrupted stripe on each side black ; shoulders covered with

ashy-grey tomentum ; between the median and lateral stripes

long blackish hairs, shorter ones on anterior part of thorax ;

sides and posterior part of thorax with stout black bristles.

Scutellum covered with ashy-grey tomentum; two weak,

yellow, long bristles on its posterior border. Addomen

blackish brown, besides the yellowish tomentum, which is

most apparent on the sides, the dorsum is covered with very

short yellow hairs ; first segment with a fringe posteriorly of

yellow hairs; sides of segmentations with yellow bristles,

often continued along posterior border of segment, sides

with short yellow hairs. Genital organs black, shining,

large, club-shaped. Legs black, the underside of all femora,

and the tibie for two-thirds of their length yellow; the

coxe covered with grey tomentum and with long white hairs ;

femora with long white hairs below ; tibiz with some long

weak yellow bristles on their outer borders, the bristles on

tarsi yellow. Wings clear; veins brown, the small transverse

434 Miss G. Ricardo—A Revision of

vein just beyond the middle of discal cell; the vein closing

fourth posterior cell convex, the second posterior cell wide

at its base.

Female identical. The black bristles on upper part of

moustache more numerous. The tomentum of thorax more

grey than yellow. Ovipositor long, the last two segments

included in it, black, shining, with some pale yellow hairs at

sides.

This species and N. hyalipennis are both distinguished

from N. fraternus by the quite clear wings.

Neoitamus bulbus, Walker.

Itamus inquisitor, Nowicki.

Types, two female co-types (not a male and female as

Walker states) ; one measures 22 mm. in length, the other

14 mm., which roughly corresponds to Walker’s length

64-10 lines, so that it appears probable he mistook one of

these females for a male. Both are in a very dirty dilapi-

dated condition, but they correspond fairly to the long

careful description given by Nowicki and appear to be the

species he was describing. It may be distinguished from

N., fraternus at once by the presence of spines on the fore

femora below and by the colour of the /egs, which are chestnut-

coloured, the femora with a black stripe below ; apices of

tibize and all the tarsi black, the moustache is entirely black.

Nowicki mentions some yellowish-white hairs; his type also

came from New Zealand.

The var. B of Walker does not belong to this species, but

is identical with N. varius, W1k.

Neoitamus planiceps, & , Schiner.

From Australia, described from one male specimen only.

Schiner remarks it cannot be the same as Asilus seti-

femoratus or rufotarsus, Macquart, and describes the fore

femora as armed with four black bristles below, which pre-

cludes it from being identical with N. fraternus, Macq.

Legs are black, the tibiz yellow, so that it can hardly be the

same as N. bulbus, Wlk., or N. mistipes, Macq.

Neoitamus hyalipennis, sp. nD.

Co-types, one male and two females from Mr. French’s

coll., Mallee District, Victoria.

This species is at once distinguished from N. mistipes by

the wholly black femora. A black species with a very thick

the Asilide of Australasia, 435

black moustache. Legs stout, armed with many bristles.

Tibiz only yellow at their base.

Length, ¢ 16, 2? 20 mm.

Male.—Face covered with grey tomentum; the tubercle

large, black ; the moustache composed of many black bristly

hairs, with white ones below and in the middle. Beard

white. Antenne black, the black hairs on the first. two joints

thick and long. Hind part of head at vertex with black

hairs, curled upwards, elsewhere white. Thorax black, with

grey tomentum and black stripes, the dorsum with black

pubescence, rather approaching in their arrangement species

of Dysmachus ; black bristles at sides strong and numerous,

posteriorly the black hairs are long and bristly. Scutellum

with short whitish pubescence and four weak, long, yellow

bristles on its posterior border. Abdomen blackish, with

grey tomentum at sides; dorsum with short white hairs ;

segmentations with grey tomentum, sides with longer white

hairs. Genitalia black, shining, long, club-shaped, with

black pubescence. Legs black; coxe with grey tomentum

and lovg white hairs; fore femora with long blackish hairs

below, shorter ones above intermixed with white ones, the

middle pair with short black pubescence and strong black

bristles below and at apex, the hind pair with shorter black

bristles below ; tibize yellow at base, the fore tibie with long

black hairs below and shorter ones above and with stout

black bristles, the others the same, but with no long black

hairs ; tarsi with black bristles, fore tibiz at apex and meta-

tarsi with short yellowish pubescence below. Wings clear,

veins black ; second posterior cell wide at its base, the vein

closing fourth posterior convex ; the small transverse vein

situated on two-thirds of discal cell.

Female identical. Ovipositor as in N. mistipes.

The species of Neoitamus from other parts of the Austra-

lasian Region (not Australia) are Neottamus griseus, Wied.,

involutus, aud longistylus, W\k., from New Guinea and else-

where. Neoitamus melanopygus aud spinicauda, v. d. Wulp,

from Celebes.

Neoitamus involutus, Walker.

Proce, Linn. Soe. v. P: 281 [ Astlus} (1861), et vi. p. 7 [Asi/us] (1862) ;

Ost.-Sack., Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, eae 425 | Itamus] (1882).

Asilus normalis, Walker, Proc. Linn, Soc. London, vi. p. 18 (1862).

These two types appear identical.

The types of normalis, male and female, come from

Ternate ; the specimens, females, of involutus from Ternate

and Gilolo.

436 Miss G. Ricardo—A Revision of

Cerpistus, Loew.

Linn. Ent. iv. p. 74 (1849).

Schiner recorded the one species of this genus from

Australia, and another species of Walker is added here, so

that two species are recorded from this region as follows :—

Cerdistus maricus, Walker, Dipt. Saund. i. 141 [Astlus] (1851), et

List Dipt. vii. Suppl. 3, p. 737 [Asilus] (1855).

Cerdistus sydneyensis, Schiner, ‘ Novara’ Reise, Dipt. p. 187 (1868).

Cerdistus maricus, Walker.

This small species appears to belong to the above genus,

but does not answer to the description of Schiner’s species.

Type (¢) from Port Philip (Hunter) and another female

from Queensland (Dr. T. L. Bancroft).

Black. Addomen with grey segmentations. Legs black,

the tibiz and first joint of tarsi obscurely reddish yellow,

the hind legs more distinctly so. Moustache black above,

white below. Wings hyaline.

Length 12 and 14 mm.

Face blackish, with white tomentum at sides; in the

fresh female the face is more brownish, the tubercle small,

the moustache not reaching beyond it, composed of stout

black bristles above and long, soft, white hairs below, in the

type the black bristles are not so apparent. Beard white.

Antenne black; the first two joints with black pubescence,

the style of the third long. Head deeply excised behind.

Thorax black, with white tomentose stripes and sides ; two

black bristles situated on side at suture, one above the other,

and weak yellowish ones behind ; on dorsum short black hairs

and white ones posteriorly. Scutellum black, with whitish

tomentum and two weak yellow long bristles. Abdomen

black, with whitish-grey segmentations, and with white

hairs at thé sides; short black hairs on anterior border of

segmentations, and at sides of segmentations a few black

hairs. Ovipositor about as long as the last two segments,

brown and shining. Legs with black bristles; on the hind

tibie a few white ones intermixed ; femora with short white

hairs below. Wings hyaline, the small transverse vein

beyond the middle of the discal cell; the fourth posterior

and anal cells closed, the former with a short stalk; veins

black.

Cerdisius sydneyensis, Schiner.

Described as black. Abdomen with grey segmentations.

the Asilidze of Australasia. 437

Legs black, the base of all femora and tibiz rusty yellow.

Face with white tomentum; the moustache black, with some

white hairs below. Wings hyaline, but broadly and distinctly

tinged with grey round the whole border. 5 lines.

Schiner records four pair from Sydney.

Neoaratvs, Ricardo. .

Aratus, vy. d. Wulp, Termés. Fiizetek, xxi. p, 236 (1898) (preoce.

Howard, Hym. 1896).

This genus was formed for Asilus hercules, Wied., by

v. d. Wulp, who satisfied himself as to the probability of

the correctness of the three synonyms (see below) ; he also

suggested that Rhadiurgus macquarti, Bigot, and Asilus

tasmanie, Macq., might belong to this genus, which he

characterized as follows :—

Face moderately broad, with prominent tubercle, which,

with the thick moustache, takes up two-thirds of the face.

Antenne small in proportion, the two basal joints same

length ; the third rather shorter than the two together,

pointed at end, with a naked arista. Thorax short-haired,

only posteriorly with some long hairs, but without bristles.

Abdomen fine-haired, slender, no bristles at sides; eighth

segment hidden (correct only of ¢) ; genital organs small ;

ovipositor egg-shaped, with two small lamella at end. Legs

stout, femora not incrassate. Wings shorter than body, in

the male dilated on the fore border; the submarginal cell

rilled in both sexes; the discal cell long and narrow, the

upper vein from it very much bent outwards, so that the

second very broad posterior cell bulges very considerably

into the first one ; the fourth is closed, also the anal cell.

This last character is common to the large species of

Asilus, such as rufiventris, rufithorax, pelago, hyagnis, and

the submarginal cell is frequently rilled in them, and even

the fore border of wing very slightly dilated, so that it

appears as if the very great dilatation of wing on fore border

in Neoaratus hercules is the only character that divides it

off from Asilus in sensu stricto, aud it remains the only

species in the genus. Rhadiurgus macquarti is a male from

New Caledonia ; Bigot makes no mention in his description

of the wing being dilated; without seeing his type it is

impossible to decide whether he placed it in the right

genus,

Neoaratus hercules, Wied., Auss. zweifl. Ins. i. p. 425 [Aszlus] (1830),

Type of genus.—dsius plicatus, Wied., 1. ¢. ii. p. 643 (1880) ;

Froggatt, Australian Insects, p. 299 (1907). Asilus giganteus, Macq.,

Dipt. Exot. Suppl. ii. p. 59, pl. i. fig. 9 (1847). Astlus grandis,

Macq. /. c. Suppl. iii. p. 190, pl. iii. fig. 4 (1848).

438 Miss G. Ricardo—A Revision of

For full list of references see Kertesz, Cat. Dipt. (1909).

In Brit. Mus. Coll. specimens from Victoria (Lea) and

Hunter River, New S. Wales.

A very large, dull, blackish-brown species, 30-40 mm. in

length. Wings in males very much dilated on fore border.

Face with distinct tubercle, the moustache composed of

black and yellowish hairs. Antenne have the first joint

twice as long as the second (not equal in length as v. d.

Wulp states). Abdomen with yellowish-grey tomentum and

very short fulvous pubescence on dorsum, sides with longer

yellowish hairs. Male genitalia rather large, black. Female

ovipositor small, the eighth segment distinct. Legs stout,

red; base of femora, knees, and tarsi black, the numerous

bristles are black. Wings much dilated in male, not usually

so in females, but the submarginal cell is rilled as in male,

hyaline, with yellowish-red veins ; posterior branch of third

vein strongly curved; second posterior ceil broad at base,

bulging into the first one; the third nearly as wide as the

second, the fourth and anal cell closed, the small transverse

vein beyond the middle of discal cell.

AsILus in sensu stricto.

Linn., Syst. Nat. ed. x. pp. 605, 227 (1758).

This genus, in the narrowest sense, is usually defined as

comprising large bright-coloured species ; the abdomen at

sides near the segmentations without any bristles; dorsum

with short appressed pubescence ; ovipositor conical, not

compressed, The following species appear to belong to this

genus, but Asilus inglorius and discutiens differ from the

other species by the presence of thick tufts of hair on the

basal segments of abdomen, on dorsum, though not reaching

the median line; they approach Pamponerus in this character,

but the facial tubercle and non-contrasted colouring of wings

prevent their inclusion in that genus.

Asilus inglorius, Mackay, in King’s ‘ Narrative of a Survey of the Coast

of Australia,’ London, ii. p. 467 (1827); Wied., Auss. zweifl. Ins. ii.

p. 644 (1830); Schiner, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xvi. p. 690

(1866), et Reise ‘ Novara,’ Dipt. p. 183 (1868).—A szlus amyela, 92,

Walker, List Dipt. ii. p. 423 (1849), et vii. Suppl. 3, pp. 730, 734,

741 (1855). Asilus centho, ¢, Walker, /. ¢. p. 481, id. 1 ¢. pp. 730,

733, 740. Asilus planus, 9, Walker, l.c. vii. Suppl. 3, pp. 730, 741;

Schiner, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xvi. p. 690 (1866).

Asilus murinus, Macq., Dipt. Exot. i. (2) p. 260 (1838).

Asilus rubrithorax, Macq., Dipt. Exot. i. (2) p. 259 (1838).

Asilus rufiventris, Macq., Z. c. p. 260.

Asilus sydneyensis, ¢, Macq,, l. c. p. 260; Schiner, Reise Novara, Dipt.

p-. 189 [Itamus] (1868); Kertesz, Cat. Dipt. [Jtamus] (1909).—

the Asilide of Australasia. 439

Asilus jacksonii, 2, Macq., l. ce. p. 261. ? Asilus tasmania, o , Macq,.,

l.c. p. 261; v.d. Wulp, Termés. Fiizetek, xxi. p. 237 [? Aratus|

(1898). P Asilus nigritarsis, Macq., Suites & Buffon, i. p. 8304 (1834).

Asilus amythaon, 2, Walker, List Dipt. ii. p. 428 (1849). Asilus

maso, 9, Walker, U. ec. p. 424.

Asilus pelago, Walker, 7. ¢. p. 419, et vii. Suppl. iii. pp. 729, 781, 735

(1855) ; Schiner, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges, Wien, xvii. p. 400 (1867).

Asilus blasio, Walker, List Dipt. ii. p. 441 (1849), et vii. Suppl. iii.

pp. 780, 731, 738 (1855).

Asilus discutiens, Walker, Ins. Saund. i. p. 135 (1851), et List Dipt. vii.

Suppl. 3, p. 786 (1855).—Asilus malleolus, Walker, List Dipt. ii.

p- 418 (1849), et vii. Suppl. 3, p. 736 (1855).

Asilus hyagnis, Walker, Ins. Saund. ii. p. 139 (1851).

Asilus inglorius, Mackay.

Asilus amycla, 2, Walker.

Asilus centho, 3, Walker.

Asilus planus, 2, Walker.

The types of amycla and centho are from New S. Wales;

the type of planus from Australia.

There is a long series of specimens in the Brit. Mus. Coll.

from Burpengary, Queensland. The identification of this

apparently common species with Asilus inglorius, Mackay,

is given on the authority of Schiner, who confidently asserts

it, but the original description consists of merely a few lines.

Schiner suggested that A. planus and probably A. amycla were

synonyms of it, and was correct. The species is easily dis-

tinguished by the bushy bright yellow hairs on the three

basal segments of abdomen and by the red legs with tarsi

black.

Length, ¢ 25, 9 24mm.

A series of this species is labelled in the Paris Museum as

Asilus sericewventris, evidently a MS.name only of Macquart’s.

6 ?.—Face black, covered with greyish tomentum and

with whitish or yellowish short pubescence. Moustache

consists of bristly yellow hairs on the not very prominent

tubercle, with weaker hairs below. Palpi black, with bristly

yellow hairs. Beard pale yellowish or white. Antenne

reddish, the basal joints with yellowish hairs; bristle on

third joint long. Sorehead black, with grey tomentum and

strong yellowish hairs on each side, at vertex some strong

yellow bristles ; pubescence on hind part of head pale yellow.

Thorax brownish, with grey tomentose stripes and markings ;

pubescence on dorsum black, scanty, with very strong black

bristles at sides and posteriorly. Sceutel/umas thorax, bordered

with black bristles. Abdomen brownish, witha black median

stripe, and covered with grey tomentum ; pubescence largely

fulvous, black on the median stripe ; the pale yellow tufts on

440 Miss G. Ricardo—A Revision of

basal segments nearly meet in the middle; sides of abdomen

with yellow bristles on posterior border of each segment ;

underside brownish, with pale yellow pubescence ; ovipositor

of female distinct ; genital organs of male blackish. Legs

red ; coxz, knees, and tarsi black, coxe covered with grey

tomentum and with yellowish pubescence; femora with

short black pubescence above, and longer yellowish hairs

below, bristles chiefly black; tibize with short black and

yellow pubescence, the latter, more fulvous in colour, as a

thick short fringe on the underside of fore pair, all are

swollen at apex, bristles black ; tarsi with black bristles and

pubescence, with fulvous pubescence on the underside of the

basal joints of fore pair. Wings hyaline, tinged yellowish,

grey at the apex, veins reddish ; neuration as in Neoaratus

hercules, but the costa is not produced outwardly in either

sex ; small cross-vein is at about the middle of the discal

cell.

Asilus murinus, Macq.

Type seen in Paris Museum, 12. 4, 11.

In Brit. Mus. Coll. a male and two females, from New

South Wales.

Macquart’s description is as follows :—

Greyish. Legs red; tarsi black.

Length, ¢ 9, 2 10 lies.

Face and forehead whitish yellow ; moustache white, only

occupying the lower part of face ; a few black bristles below.

Beard white. Thorax yellowish, with the intermediate

stripe divided. Abdomen of a somewhat reddish grey, with

white bristles; genital organs, g and ?, black. Knees

slightly black. Wings hyaline, a little yellowish, at apex

greyish. From New 8. Wales. Paris Museum.

A dusky dull-coloured species with red legs. Face covered

with greyish tomentum, tubercle prominent. Moustache

composed of many stout yellowish or white bristles with

black ones above. The first two joints of antenne black,

with black bristly pubescence. Forehead a little darker

than face, with black hairs. Thorax blackish, with yellow to-

mentose stripes and markings. Pubescence on dorsum black.

Scutellum covered with grey pubescence, some stout black

bristles on posterior border. Abdomen black, covered with

olive-coloured tomentum and with some appressed yellowish

pubescence ; hairs at sides yellowish ; the eighth segment of

abdomen deep black, with some black hairs ; ovipositor very

smal] {¢ ); inthe male the eighth segment is hidden or very

the Asilide of Australasia. 441

small, the genital organs rather large, swollen, black, with

black hairs; underside of abdomen black, covered with

grey tomentum. Legs red, knees and tarsi black, bristles

chiefly black. Pubesceuce white on fore cox and femora

below, where it is long, short elsewhere with some black

hairs. Wings tinged slightly yellow, greyish at apex and

on fore border; neuration as in Neoaratus hercules; small

transverse vein just below middle of discal cell,

Length of specimens 25—27 mm,

Asilus rubrithorax, Macquart.

A male seen by me in Paris Museum, 12. 4. 11; not the

actual type, which is said to be in very bad preservation, but

this specimen one of a series of specimens of the species. I

also saw a female. A specimen I took for comparison is

identical. The thoraz, described as reddish, is denuded ; the

third joint of antenne is reddish above.

In Brit. Mus. Coll. specimens from New South Wales.

A species with blackish abdamen, covered with grey

tomentum ; black and yellow striped thorax; reddish legs ;

wings clear.

Length 28 mm.

Face black, covered with greyish tomentum; tubercle

large and prominent on lower part of face. Moustache of

black bristly hairs, with long yellow ones below round mouth.

Palpi with long yellowish and black hairs. Antenne long,

black, the first two joints with yellowish and black hairs, the

third joint with a long arista.. Forehead same colouras face,

with black pubescence ; on vertex and round head the hairs

are white. Beard white. Thorax black, with grey tomen-

tose stripes and markings, and rather long black pubescence

on dorsum ; sides black, with grey tomentum, black bristles

above and greyish pubescence below. Scutellum covered

with greyish tomentum and with yellowish and some black

bristles. Abdomen blackish, with yellowish-grey tomentum

and black pubescence and with yellow bristly hairs on

posterior borders of segments at sides and whitish pubes-

cence on sides ; underside same colour, with whitish pubes-

cence ; genital organsin male prominent, black and fulvous ;

ovipositor in female distinct. Legs deep red, the knees,

apices of tibize, and all tarsi black, the femora black on their

upper outer borders ; pubescence on cox and under part of

femora whitish, on tibize short and whitish, all bristles black ;

posterior femora armed with row of short black bristles,

Wings hyaline, grey at apex, veins brown ; the second poste-

rior cell bulging somewhat into the first posterior cell, but

442 Miss G. Ricardo—A Reviseon of

its base outside the third vein not so wide as the part inside

above discal cell in the male, in the female it is as wide as

the small transverse vein just below the middle of discal cell.

Asilus rufiventris, Macquart.

Type seen by mein Paris Museum, 12. 4. 11.

Specimens in Brit. Mus. Coll. from Victoria, Moreton

Bay, and Toowomba, Queensland.

A handsome species, not unlike Asilus pelago, Wik., but

easily distinguished by the reddish femora, the tibie pale

yellow, and by only the ovipositor in the female being black ;

in the Walker species the last segment is also black.

Maequart describes it thus :-— -

Thorax chestnut, with black stripes. Abdomen red.

Femora testaceous, tibiz red, tarsi black.

Length 13 lines, gf 2.

Face, moustache, and forehead pale yellow. Beard white.

Antenne with the first two joints testaceous, the third black.

The intermediate stripe of thorax divided by a whitish line.

Sexual organs brown, ¢ 2. Posterior femora elongated.

Wings yeliow, apex brownish.

From New South Wales.

Asilus sydneyensis, Macquart.

Asilus jacksoni, Macq.

P Asilus tasmanie, Macq.

? Asilus nigritarsis, Macq.

Asilus amythuon, Wik.

Asilus muso, W1k.

Type of A. sydneyensis, a male, seen in Paris Museum,

.12.4. 11: from Sydney. Type of A. gacksonii, a female,

seen at the same time, is identical : from New South Wales.

Asilus tasmanie, from the description, would appear to be

identical, also a male: from Hobart Town. Asilus nigri-

tarsis, the same: from Hobart:Town and New Guinea.

Type of Asilus amythaon, a female, is from Hunter River,

New South Wales (presented by Lord Derby). Type of

Asilus maso, a female, from unknown locality. |

Face narrow, broader below, covered with yellowish

tomentum ; the tubercle large, taking up almost half the

face, moustache on it composed of numerous white bristles

and some black ones above. Pa/pi with black pubescence.

Antenne black, the first two joints with black bristly hairs.

Forehead very similar to face, with black hairs. Thorax

blackish, with yellow tomentose stripes and markings, biack

the Asilidx of Australasia. 443

bristles on sides and posteriorly, sides with grey tomentum.

Scuiellum covered with yellowish tomentum and some black

bristles. Abdomen bright fulvous, blackish at base, at apex

deep shining black, with no bristles, but some golden-yellow

pubescence at sides and on segmentations ; these last are

blackish ; genital organs large, black, with blackish pubes-

cence. Legs red, knees and tarsi black, fore coxe and

femora with white hairs ; all bristles black, middle and poste-

rior femora below with bristles. Wings hyaline, yellowish,

tinged grey at apex aud on fore border; neuration as in

Neoaratus hercules, but the fore border is hardly perceptibly

dilated; small cross-veins just below the middle of discal

cell. ,

The species is very similar in general appearance to Asilus

rufiventris, but is smaller, and the antenne are dark and

moustache not wholly yellow. The ovipositor in the female

of this species ig very small, appearing beyond the eighth

segment of abdomen, which is black with black hairs.

Length, ¢ 24-26, 9 22-24 mm.

Schiner was of opinion that Asilus niyritarsis was the

same as this species, but does not giye the name priority

owing to its being preoccupied; he also gave Asilus tas-

manie as a synonyin. A

Asilus pelago, Walker.

Type (male) from Swan River.

Type (female) from New South Wales (presented by

Haslar Hospital), and others from Swan River and Adelaide,

This is a handsome species, with reddish-yellow abdomen,

sides and apex black, femora black, tibize yellow on basal

half.

Length, ¢ 23, 9 27 mm.

Male.—Face black, covered with pale yellow tomentum

on upper part; tubercle not prominent, bearing the thick

yellowish-white moustache, composed of long weak bristles.

Beard the same colour. Palpt blackish, with black bristly

hairs. Antenne brown, the third joint conical, rather short

and broad compared with those of Asilus rufiventris, with a

long terminal arista. Hind part of head with wiitish hairs

and with short black bristles at vertex. Thorax brownish,

with black stripes; sides with stout black bristles and two

below base of wing ; posterior part of dorsum with nume-

rous black bristles and hairs, the whole of dorsum with short

black pubescence. Scutellum with two long, incurved, black

bristles, and hairs or shorter bristles interspersed. Abdomen

444 Miss G. Ricardo—A Revision of

reddish yellow, the first two segments almost wholly blackish,

the eighth and genital organs black ; underside dull rufous

where the upper part is reddish yellow ; dorsum almost bare,

a tuft of black hairs on sides of first segment, and black

hairs on remaining ones at sides ; short yellow pubescence on

dorsum. Legs black, the coxz and fore femora below with

white hairs, the middle and posterior femora with black

bristles below; the tibiz yellow on basal two-thirds, with

short yellow pubescence ; elsewhere pubescence is black ;

all bristles black. Wings hyaline, the veins yellowish, the

small cross-vein beyond the middle of discal cell, suabmar-

ginal cell rilled.

Female identical; the ovipositor conical, black, a little

longer than the last segment.

Asilus blasio, Walker.

Type(¢ ) from Perth, W. Australia (purchased G. Clifton).

Two males and six females from Dandenong Ranges in

Mr. French’s Coll., from which the description is given ; the

type is very old and worn.

A well-marked species, with black-striped thorax and

abdomen and red legs, with knees, tarsi, and short stripes on

the femora black.

Length, g 15-19, 2? 16-22 mm.

Face black, with yellowish tomentum, whitish below the

antenne; tubercle prominent, large, bearing the black

moustache, some white bristles intermixed, chiefly below.

Palpi black, with long black pubescence and some white

hairs. Beard of long white pubescence. Forehead greyish,

with black pubescence, hairs round hind part of head white,

with black bristles at the vertex. Thorax grey, with five

black stripes, the median one divided, those next to it short,

not reaching the shoulders, the outer ones a little longer;

pubescence black, longer posteriorly; sides and_ breast

covered with stripes of yellowish tomentum and some scanty

white pubescence ; black bristles on sides and posterior part

of thorax; scutellum covered with yellowish-grey tomentum

and with black bristles posteriorly. Abdomen covered with

yellowish-grey tomentum, with a wide, black, median dorsal

aud narrower lateral stripes ; pubescence on dorsum follows

the colours ; weak yellow bristles are apparent on the sides

of each segment as far as the sixth one, with yellowish-white

hairs below ; on the last two segments bristles and pubes-

cence are black ; anus of female black, shining, with black

hairs; the genitalia of male prominent, black; underside of

the Asilide of Australasia, 445

abdomen black, with greyish tomentum and white pubes-

cence. Legs bright red; knees, apices of tibire, all tarsi

black ; in some of the specimens (not in the type) a black

streak is present on basal half of hind femora; pubescence of

legs black ; on femora below are white hairs ; all bristles

black, some stout ones on underside of middle and posterior

femora. Wings hyaline, grey; veins blackish, the small

cross-vein a little above the middie of the discal cell ; first

posterior cell hardly narrower where the first vein from the

discal cell borders it, as the second posterior cell hardly

bulges at base; fourth posterior cell closed. Halteres

reddish yellow.

Asilus discutiens, Walker.

Asilus malleolus, Walker.

Type (female) from New South Wales (Saunders Coll.),

and a male from the same place (J. J. Walker) ; another

from Van Diemen’s Land (Jensen).

Type of malleolus (male) from unknown locality.

Var. B is not to be identified.

In the Paris Museum a long series of this species is labelled

in Macquart’s handwriting “ Asilus unilineatus,” evidently

only a MS. name.

The species is nearly allied to Asilus inglorius, Macleay,

but is distinguished by the more robust form of the males

and by the darker colouring of the abdomen in both sexes

and by the thick hairs on abdomen being continued on the

sides of the third segment. It is blackish in colour, with

tufts of yellow hairs and short yellowish pubescence on the

abdomen. Palpi with black pubescence, and the yellow

moustache has some black hairs above and below. The

yellow bristles on the /egs mentioned by Walker appear only

as two paler bristles on the posterior tibize in the female,

and are not present in the male.

Asilus hyagnis, Walker.

Type (male) from New South Wales (Saunders Coll.). Two

males and three females from Burpengary, Queensland

(Dr. T. L. Bancroft), 1904.

This species is apparently distinct, not a synonym of any

of Macquart’s, as far as can be judged without seeing all the

types of the latter author. The redescription is based on

the fresh specimens.

Species with reddish /egs, armed partly with white bristles

Ann, & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xi. 31

446 Miss G. Ricardo—A Revision of

on the femora and tibiz. Abdomen olive-coloured, with

greyish-yellow tomentum. Wings hyaline, grey at base.

Length 23 mm.

Face black, covered with yellowish-grey tomentum ; the

moustache on the prominent tubercle consists of yellowish-

white bristles; palpi black, with yellowish-white hairs.

Beard whitish. Antenne with black pubescence on the first

two joints; forehead same as the face, with some white

hairs ; hind part of head with yellowish-white hairs. Thorax

black, with greyish stripes and markings ; pubescence short

and black, some black bristles on sides and posteriorly ;

sides and breast covered with ashy-grey tomentum, and long

white hairs on breast. Scuéellum as thorax, armed poste-

riorly with two strong black bristles. Abdomen covered with

greyish-yellow tomentum and with short fulvouspubescence,

at the sides with yellowish hairs, and some yellow bristles on

each segment at the sides and before the segments ; genital

organs prominent, black; underside of abdomen chiefly

covered with greyish tomentum. Jegs reddish yellow,

shining; coxe grey, with yellowish-white pubescence ;

femora with some long, scanty, yellowish bristly hairs

below and short black pubescence above, with short and

long yellowish bristles; on the middle femora there are

some stout black ones ; anterior and middle tibiz with weak

yellowish hairs and some very short black pubescence, the

posterior pair with short black and yellow pubescence; the

bristles on the anterior and middle pair are yellow, long and

short ones, with some black ones at their extreme apices and

on the underside of the middle pair ; the posterior tibiz with

strong yellow bristles; tarsi largely black at their apices,

with yellow and black bristles, but only black ones on the

posterior pair, pubescence black, yellowish below. Halteres

yellow. Wings hyaline, the grey shading extends from the

apex almost to the base of the two branches of the third

longitudinal vein and as far as the fifth posterior cell ;

neuration as in Asilus inglorius, Macleay, but the small

transverse vein is below the middle of the discal cell ; veins

yellowish.

ASsILvs in sensu lato.

Asilus alcetus, cedicius, margitis, and villicatus, Walker,

are not true Asilus species, but their genus, owing to state of

types, is impossible to determine.

The same is the case with Asilus exilis, laticornis, and

varifemoratus, Macq.

the Asilide of Australasia. 447

The following species not known to me must remain in

Asilus in sensu lato for the present :—

Asilus acutangulatus, armatus, australis, cognatus, ferru-

gineiventris, filifera, fulvipubescens, longiventris, nigrinus,

ruficoxatus, rufometatarsus, selifemoralus, vittipes, Macq. ;

belzebul, Wied. (v.d. Wulp could not find this type in the

Leyden Museum; Wiedemann described it from unknown

locality, but later Macquart recorded a male he thought was

a specimen of this species from New South Wales) ; regius,

Jaennicke ; smithii, Hutton.

Asilus crabroniformis, L., in Kertesz’s Cat., has Tasmania

given with a query as one of the localities in which it occurs ;

but this is probably an error on the part of Walker (see

Verrall, ‘ British Flies,’ vol. v. p. 649, 1909).

The following Walker types from Australia and Van

Diemen’s Land are not to be found in the Brit. Mus. Coll.,

and should be expunged from any future list ;—

Asilus elicitus.

Asilus alicis.

Asilus luctificus.

Asilus alligans.

The following types from unknown localities are also not

to be found :—Asilus eanes, halmus, and inumbratus,

Asilus antiorus and corythus are species of thé genus

Proctacanthus.

The following types of Walker cannot be placed in their

correct genus, owing to their imperfect condition ; all, with

the exception of Asilus alcetus, are small species which will

not belong to Asilus in sensu stricto.

Asilus vbumbratus, Walker,

Dipt. Saund. p. 145 (1851), et List Dipt. vii. Suppl. 3, p. 735 (1855).

Type (female) from New South Wales (Saunders Coll.)

seems allied to the genus Cerdistus, but the ovipositor ends

ina fork. It isa small black species with apparently dull

yellow legs.

Asilus alcetus, Walker.

List Dipt. ii. p. 425 (1849), et vii. Suppl. 3, p. 756

? Asilus trachalus, W alizer, Dipt. Saund. i. p, 145 (

This type is fram Yan Diemen’s Land (R. Buller), in bad

preservation. A medium-sized greyish-black species.

185

(1855).

1851), et Lc. p.738.

448 Miss G. Ricardo—A Revision of

Schiner placed it in the genus Neoitamus, but it does not

belong to that genus, and the species Schiner described in

Verh. z.-b. Wien, xvii. p. 408 (1867), must be an altogether

different species from this type, which is apparently an Asélus

species, though the sides of abdomen have strong black

bristles ; ovipositor small, conical. Leys red, tarsi blackish,

fore femora with some black bristles below. Moustache

chiefly yellow.

The type of Asilus trachalus from same locality, a female

in a very greasy state, is probably identical with the above.

Asilus cedicius, Walker.

List Dipt. ii. p.457 (1849), et vii, Suppl. 3, p. 735 (1858).

Type from New Holland (abdomen destroyed) and another

female may possibly belong to the genus Hutolmus, but are

in too imperfect a state for identification, A small black

species, with the tibiz partly yellow.

Asilus margitis, Walker.

List Dipt. ii. p. 461 (1849), et vii. Suppl. 3, p. 737 (1855).

Type (female) from Melbourne has lost its abdomen. A

small black species with tibiz dull testaceous. Walker

suggests his Asilus cadicius may be a variety of this species.

Asilus villicatus, Walker.

Dipt. Saund. i. p. 147 (1851), et List Dipt. vii. Suppl. 3, p. 734 (1855).

The type (a female), from New South Wales, is very

small; the male type mentioned by Walker is not to be

found. It was suggested by Schiner that it might be iden-

tical with his Neottamus melanopogon, now identical with

Neoitamus varius, Walker ; this is not the case, and the

species hardly seems to belong to the genus Neottamus. Till

further material is available, its correct generic place must

be left uncertain. In size and general appearance it seems

related to Asilus exilis, Macquart.

The following three types of Macquart, seen by me in the

Paris Museum, 12. 4. 11, could not be placed in their correct

genus either owing to being isolatcd specimens or because

of their state of preservation.

the Asilide of Australasia. 449

Asilus exilis, Macquart.

Type (a male) seen by me in Paris Museum, 12. 4, 11.

A very small species, measuring 12 mm.

Face narrow, with a distinct tubercle. Moustache com-

posed of many white and black hairs. Antenne black, the

first two joints with black hairs, the third conical, with a

long arista. Thorax black, marked with grey tomentose

stripes and with black bristles at sides and posteriorly ;

scutellum with white bristles. Abdomen blackish, with lighter

segmentations and pale pubescence. Legs black, tibie and

cox reddish, femora with white hairs below. Genitalia

club-shaped, with fine filaments below. ;

Asilus villicatus, W\k., might possibly be identical.

Asilus laticornis, Macquart.

Type (a female) in very bad preservation, with the antennze

destroyed, seen by me in Paris Museum, 12. 4. 11.

It is evidently a small species of the genus Asilus in sensu

lato with the neuration of wings normal, the fourth posterior

cell closed, the small transverse vein situated just beyond

the middle of discal cell. Abdomen with a short conical

ovipositor, the segmentations greyish tomentose. Legs

black, tibize apparently testaceous.

In Macquart’s figure of the antenne the third joint is

short, about as long as the first two together, and broad,

with a terminal arista shorter than the joint itself.

Asilus varifemoratus, Macquart.

Type seen in Paris Museum, 12. 4. 11 ; part of the abdo-

meu gone.

Asmallspecies. Moustache white, antenne black. Abdo-

men black, the pubescence white; segmentations appear to

be reddish. Legs black, femora with white hairs below ;

tibiz yellow-red, black at apices ; tarsi yellow-red, black at

apices, bristles largely white. Wings clear, grey at apex, the

fourth posterior cell closed.

Of the Asilus species of Walker from other parts of the

Australasian Region, Asilus areolaris 3 ¢ and areolatus g,

from Celebes, are species of Pamponerus. Asilus determinatus

and introducens are nearly allied to Asilus discutiens, W1k.,

having tufts of bright-coloured or white hairs on basal seg-

ments, but the ovipositor in females seems entirely different.

450 A Revision of the Asilide of Australasia.

Asilus condecorus type appears to be lost. Asilus biligatus,

didymoides, depulsus, and tenuicornis appear to be species of

Asilus in sensu stricto. The generic place of Asilus complens,

levis, and superveniens appears to me doubtful.

Pamponeurus, Loew.

Linn. Ent. iv. p. 135 (1849).

This genus was divided off from Asi/us by Loew, being

distinguished by the long outstanding pubescence on abdo-

men, whereas in Asilus the abdomen is almost bare. Wings

with two strongly marked colours, usually whitish at base.

Face with a large tubercle ; moustache nearly reaching the

antenne.

The species. are few.

The type of genus is the widely spread European P. ger-

manicus ; the only other species are P. nigritulus, v.d. Wulp,

from Molucca Isles, P. mendaxv, Wlik., from Celebes, and

P. areolaris $ ¢ and areolatus 3, W1k. [Asilus], also from

Celebes.

The typical colouring of wing is only present in the male

of areolaris, a species very similar to mendaz, but the legs

are almost wholly reddish yellow.

Pamponeurus mendax, Walker.

Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 2 ser. iv. p. 1380 (1857), et Proc. Linn. Soc.

London, v. p. 260 [ Aszlus] (1861); v. d. Wulp, Tijd. v. Entom. xli.

p. 135, pl. iv. figs. 9-10 (1898), et xlii. p. 55 (1899).

Type (male) from Menado, Celebes.

Wings milky white at base. It has been fully redescribed

by v. d. Wulp.

Pamponeurus nigritulus, v. d. Wulp.

Tijd. v. Entom. (2) vii. (xv.) p. 285 (1872), et Tijd. vy. Entom. xli.

p. 187 (1898).

From Moluccas.

Described as black, the pleuree and abdominal segmenta-

tions grey. Face yellowish or grey; moustache black, with

a few whitish hairs below. Adbdomen rather broad, black or

blue-black ; the hairs on sides of first two segments whitish,

elsewhere black. Wings pale brownish, grey at apex.

Length 7=8 lines.

On some Pseudoscorpions in the British Museum. 451

{uToLMus, Loew.

Linn, Ent. iii. p. 459 (1848),

A species described by Macquart as Asilus armatus (see

Dipt. Exot. Suppl. 1, p. 219, pl. viii. fig. 17, 1846) has been

placed, evidently in error, under Hutolmus in Kertesz’s Cat.

The reference given to Loew, Beschr. Europ. Dipt. ii. p. 164,

note 2 (1871), refers to Machimus armatus, Jaenn., a Euro-

pean species now stated to bea synonym of Machimus pilipes,

Meig. From the figure of Asilus armatus it is evidently not

a species of Hutolmus or Machimus, if the figure is at all

correct.

The genus has thus not yet been recorded from the

Australasian Region nor from the Oriental Region.

L.—Note on some Pseudoscorpions in the British Museum.

By Epy. ELLINGSEN.

OnE of the most interesting facts to record concerning the

collection in question is a biological one—that of the capture of

Chelifer bayoni, Ellingsen, on a bird, Anas undulata. In my

paper ‘‘ Die Pseudoskorpione des Berliner Museums”’*, p.402,

I made a remark regarding the capture of Chthonius tetra-

chelatus, Preyssler, a Palearctic species, in the Seychelles

Islands, in the Indian Sea. I wrote :—‘“‘ Wie diese zerbrech-

lichen, kleinen Tierchen, die paliarktisch sind, in die weit

entfernt liegende Inselgruppe Seychellen gekommen sind, ist

nicht leicht zu fassen ; vielleicht méchten sie mit Végeln ver-

schleppt worden sein.” Till that time (1910), or, rather, till

now, no record of the capture of a pseudoscorpion on a bird

has, as far as my knowledge goes, been given in the literature.

‘he notice mentioned above is thus the first record of such

a thing, and this fact is of great value in the explanation

of the occurrence of pseudoscorpions in places where they

beforehand could not be expected to be found, such as the

capture of Chthontus tetrachelatus in the Seychelles. Thus

this biological fact is available for the solution of a zoo-

geographical question.

Another fact of some interest is the occurrence of Chelifer

nodosus, Schrank, in Africa. This is a European species, often

found clinging to the feet of flies in houses ; the same is the

* Mitt. aus. d, zoolog. Museum in Berlin, iv. Bd. iii, Heft. (1910),

452 Mr. Edy. Ellingsen on some

case with the West-African specimens, “clinging to legs of

muscid, taken in office.” The species is certainly imported

from Europe.

The species of the collection, in systematic order, are the

following :—

Chelifer equester, With.

Africa: Mbuyuni. 1 g, 2 9, taken from under the

elytra of a longicorn beetle, 12. iv. 1897.

Chelifer fee, Ellingsen.

Africa, Gold Coast: Bibianaha. 1 ¢,1 9,1 jun., found

under the bark of a log by Dr. H. G. F. Spurrell, 12. iv. 1912.

Chelifer pusillus, Ellingsen.

West Africa, Gold Coast: Aburi. 11 g, 25 9, taken

from under the elytra of a large beetle, 4. iv. 1911, by

Mr. Armstrong.

Note-—This species was, before now, only known from

the locality of the type specimens, the island of San Thomeé,

on the West African coast. I add a few remarks to the

description of the type. The species belongs to the bzr-

manicus group. As regards the granulation of the palps,

the tibia, and the hand too, may be somewhat granulate

on the inner side. Abdomen is very pale, the tergites and

sternites being light brown. The curved “inner” division

of the cephalothorax is, as a rule, very distinct.

Chelifer séstedt?, Tullgren.

Africa, Cameroons: Kribi. 1 3, collected by G. L. Bates.

Chelifer argentinus, Thorell.

? Brazil: Rio Grande. 1 2.

Chelifer camerunensis, Tullgren.

West Africa, Gold Coast: Aburi. 1 9, taken from under

ihe elytra of a large beetle (together with Ch. pusdllus,

Ellingsen, see above), 4. iv. 1911, by Mr. Armstrong.—

Eastern Province of Nigeria, Bende District: Cross River.

1 2, collected by Major W. A. C. Cockburn.

Note.—The palpal fingers may vary somewhat as regards

the length, and the hand may be either ncarly smooth or

Pseudoscorpions in the British Museum. 453

distinctly granulate. The specimen from Aburi has the

fingers proportionally shorter and the hand nearly smooth,

while the specimen from Cross River has the fingers propor-

tionally somewhat longer and the hand distinctly granulate.

Ohelifer intermedius, Balzan.

Guatemala: Vera Paz. 1 2.

Chelifer macrochelatus, Témésvary.

West Indies, Trinidad: St. Annes. 4 g, 5 2, taken

from under the wings of a beetle (Macropus longimanus),

28. viii. 1908, by P. Carmody.

Chelifer nodulimanus, Témosvary.

Guatemala: Vera Paz. 1 6.

Chelifer nodosus, Schrank.

Europe, England, Isle of Sheppey: Minster. 292. The

specimens were found attached to the legs of a fly, 23. ix. 1912,

collected by J. W. Dunn.

West Atfrica, Gold Coast: Aburi. 5 9, found clinging to

the legs of a muscid, taken in office, 22. iv. 1911, by Mr. Arm-

strong. Certainly imported (see the introduction).

Chelifer scorpioides, Hermann.

England, London: South Kensington. 3 ¢,19 2,3 jun.

The specimens were found in the sand-pit at the back of

the Natural History Museum, under the skull of a whale,

22. vii. 1912.

Note.—There were several, in all eleven, larval masses,

some fixed at the underside of the abdomen, some loose ; the

greatest number of larve (or eggs) in one larval mass was

about twenty.

Chelifer bayont, Ellingsen.

Africa, Uganda: Chagwe, Seziwa Swamps. 1 g, on

Anas undulata, 27. viii. 1911, collected by S. A. Neave

(Imperial Bureau of Entomology).

Nyasaland: Blantyre. 1 ¢,1 2, from vegetation, Nov.

1910, collected by Dr. J. E. 8S. Old (Imperial Bureau of

Entomology).—Chiromo. 1 9, May 1911, collected by

Dr. J. E. 8. Old.

454 Mr. Edv. Ellingsen on some

South Africa, near Kalahari: Lake Ngami. 1 Q, col-

lected by Mr. Woosnam.

Belgian Congo. 1 ¢.

Note.—As regards the capture of this species on Anas

undulata in Uganda I refer to the introduction. The types

of Ch. bayont were also from Uganda.

Chelifer cancroides, L.

Corsica: Bastia. 1 g, collected by Mrs. Southwell.

Chelifer latreilliz, Leach.

England, Lincolnshire: Alford. 2 ¢,3 9,1 jun.

Chelifer simont, Balzan.

Africa, Nyasaland: Port Herald. 1 g, 1 9, v. 1911,

collected by Dr. J. E. S. Old (Imperial Bureau of Ento-

mology).

Chelifer tuberculatus, Lucas.

Africa: Algiers. 1 9,1 jun., collected by Mr. S. Hirst.

Garypus senegalensis, Balzan.

Africa, Gold Coast: Tomotoku. 1 jun., on sheep,

8. ix. 1911, collected by H. Palmer.

Yote.—The only species of the genus Garypus known from

tropical West Africa is Garypus senegalensis, Balzan. The

specimen mentioned above is very young and immature, and

has not yet got its final colour and forms. In comparing it

with what I think is G. senegalensis from South Africa, the

specimen may well go as a young one of this species; yet

there is one fact which makes this identification a little

uncertain, namely, that there is a slight transverse impression

at the tip of the palpal hand on the upper side, such as is

highly pronounced in Garypus impressus, Tullgren, from

South Africa. The palpal hand of many species of Garypus

is, however, often so irregular, especially in immature speci-

mens, that I prefer to refer the specimen from Tomotoku,

being very young, to the species which is sure to be found in

tropical West Africa, instead of referring it to the South-

African Garypus impressus.

The capture of the specimen on sheep is of interest.

Fseudoscorpions in the British Museum. 455

Olpium jacobsoni, Tullgren.

Asia, Siam: Bangkok. Seven specimens, collected by

Capt. 8. 8. Flower.

Ceylon. One specimen, 22. x. 1906, collected by Prof.

Arthur Willey.

Olpium pallipes, Lucas.

Italy: Genoa. One specimen, collected on the sea-shore

by O. Thomas.

Ideobisium cambridgii, L. Koch.

Africa, Algiers. 'T'wo specimens, collected by Mr. 8. Hirst.

Note.—This species has been recorded from Algiers and

Morocco before by Eug. Simon, but that was before the

recognition of the species belonging to the genus Ideobisium ;

there was also some confusion between Chistian (Roncus)

lubricum, L. Koch, and Obistum (Roncus) cambridgit, L.

Koch. It is therefore of some interest to have authentic

specimens of the above species from the north of Africa.

The specimens have been compared with English ones.

Obistum lubricum, L. Koch.

Italy: Genoa. Six specimens, collected by O. Thomas.

Obisium doderoz, E. Simon.

Africa, Algiers. Some specimens, collected by Mr. S.

Hirst.

Note.—This species has not before now been recorded from

the north of Africa. I have compared it with specimens

from Italy, and I find no essential differences.

Chthonius rayt, L. Koch.

Italy: Genoa. 6 ¢, collected by O. Thomas.

Chthonius tetrachelatus, Preyssler.

Italy: Genoa. 1 $, collected on the sea-shore by

O. Thomas.

456 ~ Mr. G. J. Arrow on new

LI.—Some new Species of Lamellicorn Beetles from

Brazil. By Giipert J. Arrow.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

THE beetles here described formed part of the collection

made by Mr. W. M. Mann, partly in conjunction with

Mr. C. F. Baker, during the Stanford Expedition to Brazil

in 1911, under the direction of Dr. J. C. Branner. .They

were taken partly on the line of the Madeira-Mamore Railroad

(Rio Madeira) in the State of Matto Grosso and partly at

Ceara, Natal, and Parahyba on the coast of the north-eastern

corner of Brazil.

CopRINz:.

Canthon felix, sp. n.

Minutus, late rotundatus, nigro-sneus, capite antice, prothoracis

lateribus, elytrorum humeris (aut lateribus totis) parteque tertia

posteriori, pedibus et abdomine lete flavis; capite plano, equaliter

punctato, antice 4-dentato, dentibus internis longioribus; pro-

thorace undique minute punctato, haud basi marginato, lateribus

arcuatis, ante medium vix angulatis, angulis posticis obtusis ;

elytris profunde simpliciter striatis, interstitiis minute punctatis

et setosis ; pygidio corporeque subtus levibus, minute punctatis ;

tibiis anticis fortiter 3-dentatis, minute serratis.

Long. 4-45 mm.; lat. 3 mm.

Hab. EK. Braziu: Pernambuco, Ceara (Baturite Mts.,

Maranguape Mts.), Para, Santarem, Rio Janeiro.

This widely distributed little species is easily recognized

by its bright orange markings upon the front part of the

clypeus, the sides of the prothorax (the hind angles usually

excepted), the shoulders of the elytra and their posterior part,

the last forming an angular patch extending along a third of

the suture, rising at the sides to beyond the middle, and

sometimes coalescing with the large shoulder-patch. The

legs and abdomen are also orange in colour.

C. aanthurus, Bl., appears to be a nearly related species,

but Mr. Lesne, who has kindly compared the type with a

specimen of the present species, tells me that the pronotum is

less strongly punctured and the elytra not punctured at all,

and the yellow marking is confined to a slight tinge at the

extreme apex of the body. |

Lamellicorn Beetles from Brazil. . 457

Pinotus geminatus, sp. n.

Niger, subopacus, latus, convexus ; clypeo antice capitisque lateribus

rugulosis, illius margine medio minute inciso, dentibus haud pro-

ductis, fronte tubereulato, capite ante et post tubereulum sub-

leevigato; pronoto brevi, lato, undique dense sat minute punctu-

lato, punctis medio minus fortibus, pronoto toto marginato, angulis

posticis fere obsoletis haud fossulatis ; elytris opacis, singulo elytro

stria suturali parisque tribus ornato, his fortiter impressis,

punctatis, punctis haud crebris aut profundis, interstitiis alternis

angustis et convexis; pygidio minute et crebre, haud profunde,

punctato.

Long. 12°5-13°5 mm.; lat. 8-8°5 mm.

Hab. FE. Braziut: Natal, Ceara.

This belongs to the carbonarius group of species, in which

the upper surface is wholly or partly opaque. It is very

easily distinguished by the characteristic striation of the

elytra, the striz forming three pairs, the interstices of which

are rather narrow and convex. ‘he strie are moderately

deep and contain punctures, which are rather feebly impressed

and remote.

Two specimens were taken by Mr. Mann,

Pinotus calearatus, sp. n.

Niger, modice nitidus, paulo elongatus; capite subtiliter ruguloso,

postice sublevigato, clypeo antice bidentato, dentibus obtusis,

haud valde approximatis, vertice breviter cornuto, cornu basi

utrinque minute tuberculato; pronoto polito, minutissime punctu-

lato, antice magis perspicue, angulis anticis crebre et distincte,

his fere acute productis, angulis posticis obtussimis sed distinctis,

disco antice retuso, medio obtuse biacuminato ; elytris subtilissime

punctulatis, leviter striatis, striis vix distincte punctatis, inter-

stitiis «qualibus, planis; pygidio parum convexo, minutissime

sat parce punctato; pedis postici calcare apice acute bifido.

Long. 21 mm.; lat. 13°5 mm.

Hab. Matto Grosso: Madeira-Mamore Railroad,Camp 41.

A single specimen of a species nearest to P. deyrollei

amongst the species contained in Harold’s Revision of the

genus. Itis very different from that, however, being less

short and convex, the elytra much flatter and less deeply

striated, the head broader, less produced, and more finely

rugose, and the pronotum having in the middle two blunt

points directed forward. ‘The sharply bifid spur of the hind -

tibia is another very distinctive feature.

458 Mr. G. J. Arrow on new

Pedaridium cryptops, sp. n.

Fusco-nigrum, opacum, setis fulvis ubique instructum, pedibus

rufescentibus, antennis fulvis: breviter ovatus; clypeo fortiter

sat crebre punctato, margine antico arcuato, medio leviter emar-

ginato et utrinque acute dentato; pronoto convexo, profunde sat

crebre et sequaliter punctato, baseos medio obtuse angulato, angulis

anticis acutis, posticis rotundatis; elytris profunde sed anguste

crenato-striatis, interstitiis planis, utroque elytro lineis duabus

rectis punctorum ornato, punctis setas erectas robustas ferentibus ;

corpore subtus nitido, parce punctato et setoso, abdomine grossis-

sime et creberrime fossulato, lateribus antice dense strigilato ;

tibiis anticis valde 3-dentatis, supra minutissime serratis.

Long. 4°5 mm.; lat. max. 3 mm.

Hab. Prov. Goyaz: Jatahy. E. Braziu: Natal.

Two specimens were found by Mr. W. Mann.

The head and thorax are deeply and rather evenly punc-

tured, The elytra have deep sharply defined strize formed

of coalescing pits, the interstices are broad and flat and each

bears two straight rows of deep round punctures, rather far

apart and each bearing a stiff yellowish bristle. The eyes

are entirely ventral,

Only a single species of this genus has been hitherto

known (P. hirsutum, Har.), but three others are known to

me. They are all much alike in size and general appearance,

but may be distinguished as follows :—

Elytral strie chain-like; eyes entirely ventral.............. cryptops.

Elytral strie simple; eyes divided.

Headirupose) 45 4: titeee eis teen ace Pike Pewee ste rugiceps.

Head sparsely punctured ...,... sees peeeveerees wes fulgens.

P. hirsutum, Har., which I do not know, is larger than any

of these species and differently sculptured.

The two remaining species are shortly described here.

Pedaridium fulgens, sp. n.

Cupreum, subtus piceum, toto nitidum, setis flavis erectis parce

vestitum: elongato-ovale, capite pronotoque levibus parce setosis,

illo acute bidentato, dentibus haud valde approximatis, denticulo-

que utrinque externo, pronoto paulo conyexo, lateribus leviter

arcuatis, angulis anticis obtusis, posticis toto rotundatis, basi

recto; elytris profunde sed anguste striatis, interstitiis paulo

convexis, utrinque parce punctatis, punctis setiferis, cum striis

fere contiguis; tibiis anticis acute 3-dentatis.

Long. 4 mm.; lat. 2°3 mm.

Lamellicorn Beetles from Brazil, 459

Hab, N, ArnGentina (Gran Chaco): Rio Salado.

Two specimens were sent to the British Museum by

Mr. E. Wagner.

The shining, metallic, thinly setose surface renders this

very easily distinguishable.

Pedaridium argentinum, sp. n.

Nigrum, vel nigro-brunneum, nitidum, erecte griseo-setosum, pedibus

obscure rufis, antennis flavis : elongatum, capite rugoso, margine

arcuato, medio emarginato et utrinque acute dentato; pronoto

conyexo, profunde sat squaliter et crebre punctato, lateribus

ante medium fere rectis, post medium late rotundatis, basi medio

obtusissime angulato; elytris anguste sat profunde striatis,

interstitiis planis, utroque lineis punctorum duabus ornato,

punctis paulo vage impressis, cum striis nexis, setiferis.

Long. 4-4°5 mm. ; lat. 2°56 mm.

Hab, N. ARGENTINA (Gran Chaco) : Icano, Rio Salado.

Taken by Mr. EK. Wagner,

This is more elongate than P. setosum ; the head is rugose

and not distinctly punctured, and the punctures of the elytra

are not so sharply defined, but occupy depressions which are

connected with the striz.

Cheridium tridenticeps, sp. n.

Nigro-piceum, nitidum, late ovatum, convexum; capite leviter punc-

tato, trituberculato, margine antico acute bidentato ; pronoto con-

vexo, subtiliter punctulato, postice medio fortiter suleato, margine

postico crebre lineato-punctato ; elytris sat fortiter striatis, striis

transverse haud grosse aut crebre punctatis, interstitiis minute

punctulatis; pygidio antice plano, dense et fortiter punctato,

postice convexo, fere levi:

¢, tibiis anticis longissimis, prope finem acute 3-dentatis, supra

denticulatis, calcare bifido armatis.

Long. 8 mm. ; lat. 5 mm.

Hab. Matto Grosso; Madeira-Mamore Railroad, Camp 28.

A single male was found by Messrs. Mann and Baker. It

differs from all hitherto known in its head armed with three

small tubercles, of which the two lateral ones are placed at

the ends of the obsolete sutures of the ocular lobes. It has

somewhat the form and size of C. squalidum, F., but is more

convex, the pronotum has a strongly punctured basal line,

and the elytral strize are distinctly but not closely punctured,

The pygidium is convex and shining, except at the base,

where it is strongly and densely punctured. ‘lhe front legs

460 Mr. G, J. Arrow on new

of the male are very long and slender, the tibie serrated

along the basal two-thirds of their length and then sharply

tridentate. The hind femora have a subangular dilatation

beyond the middle.

Canthidium manni, sp. n.

Nigrum vel ceeruleo-nigrum, antennis tarsisque rufis. illorum clava

pallide flava, capite plerumque zneo, levi, pronoto nitidissimo,

elytris subopacis; corpus globosum, compactum, capite pro-

thoraceque levissime punctatis, illo antice acute bidentato, medio

minute 3-tuberculato ; pronoto valde convexo, lateribus fortiter

arcuatis, ante medium obtuse angulatis, baseos lateribus minute

seriato-punctatis ; elytris levissime striatis, striis minute et

remote punctatis; pygidio minute punctato.

Long. 7-8 mm, ; lat. 455-5 mm.

Hab. KE. Braziu: Ceara, Natal.

Although very easily distinguished by its smooth head and

the much more rounded sides of the thorax, this is very

similar in size, colour, and general appearance to C. breve,

Germ., which also has three tubercles upon the head, The

two clypeal teeth are more acute, the pronotum more smooth

and shining, and its sides distinctly angulated before the

middle.

Onthophagus onthochromus, sp. n.

Fulvus, capite, prothoracis disco metasternique partibus obscure

wneis, elytrorum striis punctisque omnibus fuscis: elongato-

ovatus, subnitidus; pronoto parcissime inzqualiter punctato,

postice longitudinaliter sulcato ; elytris leviter striatis, striis vix

perspicue punctatis, interstitiis parce irregulariter punctatis ;

. pygidio haud crebre rufo-ciliato :

3, capite antice subtiliter crebre punctato, clypeo quadratim pro-

ducto, reflexo, fronte polito, carinis nullis, pronoto antice late

excavato, levissimo, supra carinato, carina leviter 4-lobata:

2, clypeo crebre et rugose punctato, antice fortiter arcuato, carina

mediana arcuata, fronte vix punctato, carina recta, fortiter elevata

armato; pronoto antice carinato, carina medio interrupta,

utringue sinuata.

Long. 12°5 mm.; lat. max. 7 mm.

Hab. Matto Grosso: Madeira-Mamore Railroad, Camp 4i.

O. onthochromus is evidently nearly related to O. nasutus,

Guér., but it is much larger and differently coloured, the

coloration (and also the size) being almost the same as that

of the common Old-World species O. gazella, F., to which

the female bears a remarkable resemblance. It is an entirely

Lamellicorn Beetles jrom Brazil. 461

hornless species, the female having the head rounded in

front, finely rugose, and bearing two strong transverse carinz,

while that of the male is very smooth, very finely punctured

in front, and impunctate behind, with its anterior margin

produced into a rectangular, strongly reflexed plate. The

pronotum is carinate in front in both sexes, the carina having

four blunt prominences, but that of the male is more highly

developed and overhangs a wide smooth excavation.

Onthophagus ranunculus, sp. n.

Parvus, sat elongatus, opacus, fusco-sneus, elytris fulvis, sutura

eenea, interstitiisque alternis vel parte discoidali tota obscurioribus,

pedibus rufis, femoribus pygidioque lete flavis, hoc nonnunquam

fusco-maculato; clypei margine antico semicirculari, reflexo ;

prothorace crebre punctata, griseo-setoso, postice medio levigato,

depresso, haud nitido; elytris subtilissime striatis, interstitiis

biseriatim punctulatis et setosis, lateribus nitidis ; pygidio nitido,

fortiter punctato :

d, capite polito, impunctato, sine carinis, postice cornubus duobus

retrorsum directis armatg; pronoto antice medio gibbose promi-

nenti, utrinque retuso, polito:

, capite fortiter transverse bicarinato, clypeo nigro, transverse

crebre ruguloso, fronte sublevi; prothoracis medio antice breyiter

carinato, haud tuberculato.

Long. 5-65 mm. ; lat. max, 3-3°5 mm,

Hab. N.E. Braziu: Baturite Mts. (Prov. Ceara), Natal

(Prov. R. Grande del Norte), Para.

This little species is closely allied to O. osculatii, Guér.,

which, however, is uniformly coloured. It has almost the

colouring of O. bidentatus, Drap., and, as in that, the femora

are bright yellow. In O. ranunculus the pygidium is also

bright yellow and the upper surface is opaque and setose.

The male is also distinguished by the quite smooth unpunc-

tured head, without trace of carine.

G BOTRUPINE.

Bolbaceras parcepunctatum, sp. 0.

Ferrugineum, nitidum, globosum; clypeo breviter transverso, a

fronte carina valida, paulo arcuata, medio leviter acuminata,

diviso, fronte leviter excavata, parcissime punctata ; pronoto

parce punctato, medio sulcato, ante marginem anticum tuberculo

parum elevato, fere bidentato instructo; scutello levi; elytris

profunde 9-striatis, striis geminatis, puncta magna sat remota

ferentibus:

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xi. 32

462 Mr. G. J. Arrow on new

3, clypeo levi, fronte utrinque intra oculos sat acute tuberculata :

2, clypeo rugose punctato, fronte ad oculos vix tuberculata.

Long. 7 mm.; lat. 5 mm.

Hab. E. Brazit (R. Grande do Norte): Ceara-Mirim

(Parahyba), Independencia, Bahia.

A series of both sexes of this insect was obtained at Bahia

in 1860 by the late Alexander Fry. One of these (a male)

becomes the type. The specimens found by Messrs. Mann

and Heath at Ceara and Independencia are all females.

This is near B. cesum, K1., and, indeed, the short descrip-

tion of that species applies to our females so far as the head

and thorax are concerned, but the puncturation of the elytra

sufficiently distinguishes it. The punctures do not stand

close together, but rather far apart, and the rows are not

almost equidistant except upon tlie anterior half of the elytra,

being distinctly arranged in pairs beyond the middle.

B. globosum, Cast., the fragmentary description of which

renders it entirely unrecognizable, is a larger species.

The prothorax is of the same form in both sexes, having a

longitudinal channel slightly dilated at the front margin and

a feeble two-pointed eminence in the depression. The clypeus

is smooth in the male and rugosely punctured in the female,

and there is a sharp tubercle close to the inner margin of each

eye of the male, but scarcely perceptible in the female.

Like all the species from this region of the earth, this is a

dwarfed form, ‘The genus, which is found in all tropical

countries, is evidently represented in South America by the

allied genus Athyreus, whose head-quarters are in that region.

It is interesting to find that in Chili, the only part of South

America in which well-developed species of Bolboceras occur,

Athyreus is apparently unrepresented.

Athyreus fissicollis, sp. n.

Castaneo-rufus, elytris pallidioribus, corpore subtus dense lateribus-

que supra parce flavo-hirsutis, antennis etiam flavis, capite et

prothorace haud dense granulatis, illo subplano, clypeo carinis 4

medio in cornu acuto brevi convergentibus, utroque latere supra

antennam elevato et angulato; pronoto medio excayato sub-

levigato, carinis 2 haud acutis medio angulatis marginato, lateri-

bus medio profunde fissis, margine antico medio acute tuberculato

tuberculisque duobus minutis utrinque positis ; elytris punctato-

striatis, interstitiis levibus; tibiis anticis 5-dentatis.

Long. 14 mm.; lat. 9 mm.

Hab. E. Braziu: Natal (W. M. Mann). A single

specimen.

Lamellicorn Beetles from Brazil. 463

It is very much like A. 3-tuberculatus, K1., which, with

other allied species, has the sides of the prothorax similarly

cleft. In A. fisstcollis, however, the thoracic carine are

much less sharp, and instead of forming nearly parallel straight

lines, each forms two arcs meeting in an angle. The elytra

are more shining, with the punctures moderately large and

arranged in regular rows. A. catherine, Bates, is also nearly

related, but the whole upper surface is closely granulose and

the sides of the prothorax are not cleft.

Another Brazilian species in the British Museum is

exceedingly close to A, fissicollis, and it is perhaps desirable

to distinguish them. It is characterized as follows :—

Athyreus bahia, sp. n,

A, fissicolli simillimus, sed prothoracis tuberculo mediano pone

marginem posito, compresso, excavatione toto granuloso, carinis-

que magis acutis, elytris irregulariter haud lineare punctatis,

distinctus.

Long. 10-14 mm.; lat. 6-5-9°5 mm.

Hab. Braziu: Bahia, Jatahy (Prov, Gozas), Itaparica I.

(near Bahia).

Matoronruinz.

Lachnosterna vulpes, sp. n.

Fulvo-ferruginea, capite, prothorace tibiisque obscure rnfis: elon-

gata, cylindrica, omnino brevissime erecte fulyo-pubescens ; capite

punctato-rugoso, clypeo fortiter punctato, margine valde reflexo,

medio vix indentato; pronoto brevi, crebre punctato, breviter

haud dense piloso, postice medio opaco, lateribus medio angulatis,

postice parallelis, angulis fere rectis; scutello opaco, punctato ;

elytris opacis, densissime punctatis et setosis, pilis longis nonnullis

prope margines anticum et suturalem, costa suturali distincta,

aliis indistinctis ; pygidio crebre subrugose punctato, setoso, meta-

sterni lateribus parce fulvo-villoso, medio polito, punctato, abdo-

mine minute punctato, parce et brevissime pubescente ; antennis

9-articulatis, clava utriusque sexus brevissima; tibiis anticis

fortiter 3-dentatis :

@, tibia antica paulo validiori, dente tertio minore, femore postica

paulo crassato,

Long. 18°5-20 mm. ; lat. 9°5-11 mm.

Hab. Matto Grosso: Madeira-Mamore Railroad, Camp 39.

Fourteen specimens were taken by Messrs. Mann and

Baker.

32*

A64 Mr. G. J. Arrow on new

The entire surface is very finely punctured, except the head,

which is closely rugose, and there is a very fine and close

pubescence, with a few long erect hairs upon the prothorax

and near the anterior and sutural margins of the elytra.

This species resembles L. fulvipennis, Bl., with the type of

which in the Paris Museum it has been kindly compared for

me by M. Lesne. It differs not only in having a joint less

in the antenna, but in the much shorter and sparser hairy

clothing of the breast and much scantier long hairs upon the

pronotum.,

Blanchard divided the genus into two sections having nine

and ten joints respectively in the antenne; but this is an

unsafe distinction to rely upon, the number and shape of the

joints being lable to vary in the individuals of a species. In

a species * in the British Museum closely allied to L. fulvi-

pennis and the present one males taken at the same time

show both 9-jointed and 10-jointed antennee, the fourth and

fifth joints being sometimes distinct and sometimes reduced to

a single one,

DYNASTINE.

A series of specimens of Hnema pan, F., from Porto Velho,

confirm in an interesting way the conviction I expressed in

a paper published two years ago, that the form called &. in-

fundibulum, although strikingly different and apparently

unconnected by intermediates, is really only a phase of the

male of . van. Hight specimens taken together by Messrs.

Mann and Baker consist of three females, three typical males

of varying degrees of development and two males of the

infundibulum phase.

* Lachnosterna nitidicauda, sp. n.

Rufa, elytris pallidioribus, corpore toto brevissime sat dense griseo-

pubescenti, pronoto elytrorumque basi pilis longioribus parce vestitis,

pectore dense, haud longe, flayo-villoso; clypeo rotundato, haud emar-

ginato, fortiter crebre punctato, fronte grosse punctato-rugoso ; pronoto

nitido, fortiter punctato, lateribus haud crenatis, medio angulatis, antice

conyergentibus, postice fere parallelis, angulis posticis rectis ; scutello

elytrisque haud unitidis, crebre punctatis ; pygidio crebre et fortiter

punctato, antice sericeo-opaco, postice nitido ; antennis 10- vel 9-arti-

culatis, tibiis anticis 3-dentatis, dente supero minuto:

dg, clava antennali longa.

Long. 18 mm.; lat. max, 9°O mm.

Hab. CENTRAL Braziu; Chapada (2600 ft., 4, Robert).

Lamellicorn Beetles from Brazil. 465

Cyclocephala perforata, sp. n.

Oblonga, nuda, nitida, lete rufa, elytris flavis; clypeo lato, fovea

transversa sat profunda a fronte diviso, nitido, vix punctato,

antice truncato, leviter emarginato, lateribus arcuatis, valde

reflexis, fronte fortiter haud crebre punctato, oculis magnis et

prominentibus ; pronoto fortiter irregulariter punctato, basi et

lateribus linea sat profunda distincte marginatis, angulis anticis

acutis, posticis rotundatis ; scutello minute punctato; elytris

undique fortissime irregulariter punctatis, absque lineis longitu-

dinalibus (linea punctorum suturali excepta), punctis omnibus

brunneo-tinctis ; pygidio minute punctulato-ruguloso ; corpore

subtus levi, metasterni medio profunde sulcato :

d , tarsis anticis incrassatis, articulo penultimo angulatim producto,

ungue interno valde incurvo, dilatato, profunde fisso.

Long. 13°5-15 mm.; lat. max. 7 mm.

Hab, Matro Grosso: Madeira-Mamore Railroad, Camp 41;

Porto Velho.

A single male was found at each place by Messrs. Mann

and Baker.

Although at first sight very much like many other species

of the genus, a close examination shows this to have many

peculiarities which make it in reality a very isolated form.

The clypeus is smooth and shining, cut off by a deep furrow

behind, and of rather unusual shape, being short and broadly

emarginate, with reflexed sides ; the pronotum is very dis-

tinctly margined all round and the elytral punctures are very

strong, pigmented and irregular, the usual longitudinal rows

being broken up, except that adjoining the suture.

Stenocrates inelegans, sp. n.

Niger, nitidus, elongato-ovatus; clypeo fortiter transverse rugoso,

antice attenuato apice truncato, margine antico minute reflexo,

haud exciso, fronte obsolete punctato a clypeo carina recta parum

valida diviso; pronoti lateribus sat fortiter et parce, medio sub-

tiliter, punctatis ; scutello polito; elytris lineis geminatis 4 grossa

punctatis ornatis, intervallis latis, profunde irregulariter punc-

tatis; pygidio crebre et profunde haud grosse punctato,

Long. 18-19 mm.; lat, max. 9°5-10°5 mm.

Hab. Rio MADEIRA: Porto Velho.

Very closely allied to S. rufipennis, F., but with the

pygidium closely and not coarsely punctured, and the clypeus

rugose, with the front margin only feebly reflexed and not

at all excised. The type of S. rujipennis, which -has been

kindly sent to me from Copenhagen by Dr, Adam Boving,

466 IMr. C. T. Regan on

has the clypeus almost smooth and its front margin strongly

reflexed and feebly excised. Burmeister’s description of his

S. sauctus exactly applies to the Fabrician species, and the

localities also agree, the Copenhagen type being labelled

«« Kssequibo.”

Ligyrus mavimus, sp. Ne

Niger, nitidus, subtus piceo-rufus, elongatus; capite toto trans-

verse rugato, antice angustato, acute bidentato, sutura elypeali

obsoleta, tuberculis duobus sat remotis indicata ; pronoto convexo,

crebre haud grosse punctato, postice parcius, margine antico

medio acute tuberculato et post tuberculum sat late et profunde

excavato, marginibus lateralibus regulariter valde arcuatis, antice

contractis ; scutello levi; elytris ubique crebre sat minute punc-

tatis, lineis geminatis tribus inconspicuis discoidalibus ; pygidio

minute et crebre punctato, apice fere levi; corpore subtus

medio impunctato, lateraliter rugose punctato:

3, pygidio convexo:

2, pygidio subplano,

Long. 30-33 mm.; lat. 15-18 mm.

Hab. Amazons: Porto Velho, Santarem, Serpa.

This is very near L. maimon, Er., and latifovea, Bates, but

is larger than these and all other known species of the genus ;

the pronotum is more strongly and closely punctured, the

anterior fovea deeper and broader, and the pygidium more

strongly sculptured.

LIT.— The Fishes described by Carmichael

from Tristan da Cunha. By C. Tate Reean, M.A.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Ty 1818 (Trans. Linn. Soc. xii.) Captain Carmichael described

and figured four species of fish found on the coast of Tristan

da Cunha, namely :—

Chetodon monodactylus, p. 500, pl. xxiv.

Perca antarctica, p. 501, pl. xxv.

Callionymus diacanthus, p. 501, pl. xxvi.

Lebrus ornatus, p. 502, pl. xxvil.

The first of these is a Chilodactylus which has been

redesciibed from the Island of St. Paul by Kner (‘ Novara’

Fishes from Tristan da Cunha, 467

Fische, p. 90, pl. v. fig. 1), who has shown that it is not the

same as the Chilian form with which Cuvier and Valenciennes

(Hist. Nat. Poiss. ix. p. 489) and Giinther (Cat. Fish. iv.

p- 81) identified it.

The second species seems to have escaped the notice of

later writers, but there can be little doubt that it belongs to

the family Stromateidz and that it is rather closely related

to Sauvage’s Seriollella velaint from the Island of St. Paul

(Arch Zool. Exp. viii. 1879, p. 32, pl. i. fig. 2).

The third species is a Bovichthys that has recently been

rediscovered by the ‘Scotia’ at Gough Island, thus enabling

me to show its distinctness from the Chilian species with

which it had been confused.

The fourth species has just been received for identification

from the Director of the South African Museum, and proves

to be a Labrichthys. In the original figure the scales on the

head are not shown, those on the body are too numerous, aud

there are other errors; nevertheless the form, proportions,

fin-structure, markings, &c., are given with sufficient accuracy

to leave no doubt as to the identity of the species. ‘This may

be judged by a comparison with the excellent figure given by

Sauvage, who redescribed this form from St. Paul under the

name Labrichthys lantzii, but mistook the female for another

species, which he called Z. dsleanus. A description of the

specimens from ‘Tristan da Cunha follows.

Labrichthys ornatus.

Labrus ornatus, Carmich. Trans. Linn. Soe. xii. 1818, p. 502) pl. xxvii.

Labrichthys lantzii, Sauvage, C, R. Ac. Sci. Ixxxi. 1875, p. 938, and

Arch, Zool. Exp. viii. 1879, p. 37, pl. ii.

Labrichthys isleanus, Sauvage, J, c. and ¢. c. p. 39, pl. ili.

Depth of body equal to or a little more than length of

head, which is nearly 4 in length of the fish. Snout blunt,

longer than diameter of eye, which is 5 in length of head ;

interorbital width 4 to 5. Cleft of mouth not extending to

below eye; a posterior canine. Cheek covered by 2 or 3

series of scales ; preeoperculum naked. 26 scales in a longi-

tudinal series. Dorsal VIII-IX 12; not scaly at base.

Anal IIT 11-12. Pectoral 2 or $ length of head. Caudal

rounded. Head with narrow stripes, 4 or 5 subvertical on

lower part, 2 nearly horizontal from eye or cheek to oper-

culum, continued on adjacent series of scales on the body ;

dorsal and anal with 2 or 3 longitudinal stripes; caudal

crossed by similar stripes. A black spot between two first

dorsal spines, Female with markings on fins less distinet

468 On a new Shrew from the Andaman Islands.

than in male, and with a black spot at base of posterior part

of soft dorsal and another on upper part of base of caudal.

T’wo specimens, 140 and 175 mm. in total length.

It is of great interest to note that of the four species

described by Carmichael from Tristan da Cunha two occur

also at St. Paul, an island in the same latitude but 4500 miles

distant, whilst the other two are represented at St. Paul by

related species. Nozie of the four genera is known from the

islands to the south, Kerguelen and Marion Island, and only

one (Chilodactylus) from the Cape, a little to the north ; but

all are represented on the coasts of Chile, New Zealand, and

Southern Australia.

LIIL—A new Shrew from the Andaman Islands.

By OLDFIELD THOMAS.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Crocidura hispida; sp. n.

A large Crocidura with semi-spinous fur and long tail.

Size about as in the large Nicobar and Andaman Crocidure

described by Miller, therefore conspicuously larger than in

other Crocidure of the Hast Indies, where the other large

shrews are Pachyure. Form slender, limbs apparently long

in proportion to the size of the body: Fur much stiffer than

in any known shrews, the hairs more or less spinous and

many of them flattened, as in spinous rodents ; those on the

back about 8 mm. in length. General colour grey, with a

brownish wash; apparently (so far as can be judged ina spirit-

specimen) not unlike the other large Hasternshrews. Hands

and feet white. Tail slender, longer than head and body,

well clothed, with many long bristly hairs, its short hairs the

diameter of two to three tail-rings in length, brown above,

whitish below. Lateral glands well defined, nearer the

elbows than the hips.

Skull without marked peculiarities. Pterygoid region as

in typical Crocidure*. Yirst unicuspid slightly larger than

the third, which in turn ig about the same degree larger

than the second.

eae of the type (measured on the spirit-speci-

nei} t——

Head and body 85 mm.; tail 103; hind foot 255;

ear 13.

* Cf. Thos. Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) xi. p. 320 (1918).

Mr, K. Andersen on a new Pteropus. 469

Skull: condylo-incisive length,28°5 ; condylo-basal length

27°7 ; mastoid breadthi ‘5; length of upper tooth-series 12°7 ;

breadth between outer corners of m’ 8°5.

Hab. Middle Andaman Island. Type from the northern

end,

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 13. 8.13.1. Collected and

presented by C. G. Rogers, Esq.

This striking species is almost or quite unique among large

shrews by its tail being longer than its head and body and

by the semi-spinous character of its fur, these being the main

reasons for distinguishing it from C, nicobarica and anda-

manensis, Miller *, with which alone among Hastern Croct-

dure it agrees in its comparatively large size.

In the partially spinous nature of its pelage C. hispida is

unique in the family, although there is a slight stiffening and

thickening of the hairs in many of the larger species of

Crocidura and Pachyura.

P.S.—Since the above was written, Mr. Miller has been

good enough to send me samples of the fur of his C. nteobarica

and andamanensis for comparison with that of C. hispida.

In C. andamanensis the hairs are slightly flattened, but not

broadened ; in C. nicobarica they are flattened, broadened,

and thickened at the edges, somewhat as in C. hispida, but

very much less so, the difference in structure representing

the difference between merely “crisp” and what might be

called ‘‘semi-spinous”’ fur.

LIV.—A new Pteropus from the Polynesian Subregion.

By Knup ANDERSEN.

Pteropus eotinus, sp. n.

Diagnosis.—Similar to Pt. anetianus (known from Anei-

teum only, at the southern extremity of the New Hebrides

group), but with conspicuously larger skull, heavier dentition,

longer wings, much shorter fur, and different coloration,

Hab. Aurora Island (Maiwo), one of the northern New

Hebrides.

* Proc. U.S, Nat. Mus. xxiv. pp. 776-7 (1902).

470 Mr. K. Andersen on a new Pteropus

Skull and dentition.—Principal characters of teeth as in

Ft. anetianus—i. e. upper incisors with strong posterior ledges,

iy enlarged, about three times the bulk of 1;, p, enlarged,

about twice the size of ij, p> (second upper premolar) with

distinct small antero-internal tubercle, the posterior ledge of

P4, mM}, and mg continued forward along inner side of teeth—

but individual teeth noticeably heavier.

Measurements of skull{:—Total length to gnathion

*62-5 mm. (55°7-58) ; from front of orbit to tip of nasals

*18°2 and F18°3 (15°2-16°2) ; width of brain-case at zygo-

mata *23°5 (21-22) ; zygomatic breadth *38-5 (31°7-32°7) ;

across crowns of m!—m! (externally) *17°5 and 718 (14°8-

15-8); length of lower jaw from condyle *50°5 and 49

(42°8-44°8) ; c—m? (crowns) *23°5 and [23 (20°8-22) ; c-m;

(crowns) *26°3 and [25:2 (22°8-23°7).

Measurements of teeth:—p* (second postcanine tooth,

above), length (antero-posterior extent) *4°7 and T4°5 (4°2-

4-6), breadth *3°5 and 3°3 (2°8-3) ; p*, length *5 and [4°8

(4:2—-4-7), breadth #3°6 and {3:7 (3-3°2); m’, length *5-7

and +5°8 (5-5°4), breadth *3 and 73 (2°7-2°8) ; m?, length

*2°2 and $2°2 (1:9-2°1), breadth *#1°5 and 2 (1°7-2); p,,

length *2°8 and f2°7 (2°2-2°7), breadth *2:2 and 72:5 (2-2°2) ;

ps (second postcanine tooth, below), length *4°8 and T4°5

(4:5-4°8), breadth *3 and 2°9 (2°7-3) ; p,, length *5 and

t4:8 (4:2-4°8), breadth *3 and 73 (2°7-2°8) ; my, length *5-1

and f4:8 (4°5-4°9), breadth *2°9 and 72-9 (2:5-2°7); mg,

length *3°5 and {3°8 (3°7-3°8), breadth *2°5 and 72°7 (2°2-

2°5); mg, length *1°8 and $1°8 (1:7-1'8), breadth *1-2 and

F1'8 (1:4-1°7).

Wings.—The greater length of the wings of Pt. eotinus,

as compared with Pé. anetianus, appears to be due chiefly to

a lengthening of the three long metacarpals and of the second

phalanx of the third (longest) finger; the other phalanges

and the forearm would seem only to average a little longer

than in Pt. anetianus.

Forearm *132 and T128°5 mm. (123°5-130) ; third finger,

metacarpal #89 and +87°5 (80-83), first phalanx *66 and

+67°5 (61°5-66), second phalanx *93°5 and 795 (8 !-5-90°5) ;

fourth finger, metacarpal *87 and 785°5 (78°5-81), first

phalanx #56 and 755 (51-56), second phalanx *50°5 and

{ Measurements of the type of Pt. eotinus are marked with an asterisk,

those of the paratype with a dagger; between parentheses are added, for

comparison, the minimum and maximum measurements of a series of

Pt. anetianus (copied from Cat. Chir. 2 ed. i. pp. 291-292).

from the Polynesian Subregion. 471

153°5 (49°5-50°5) ; fifth finger, metacarpal *93°5 and 93

(85°5-89), first phalanx *40 and 42-5 (395-42), second

phalanx *36°5 and {42°5 (39°5-42).

Fur.—Length of fur in centre of back *19°5 and ¢20°5 mm.

(longest hairs; in Pt. anetianus 31), and #12 and 712°5

(general mass of hair; in Pt. anetianus 17). Distribution of

fur unmodified,

Colour.—Type (adult male): General colour of back

approximately pale cream, if viewed against the tips of the

hairs, with side light, and with the surface of the fur below

the level of the eye; if viewed against the tips of the hairs

and with the eye between the light and the object, the fur of

the back appears conspicuously washed with a very pale tinge

of tawny or russet-tawny; individual hairs uniform from

base to tip. Mantle, nape, and sides of face similar to back,

but (in any light and position) strongly suffused with a tinge

of russet-tawny considerably deeper than that noticeable on

back. Underparts similar to back, but decidedly more

washed with buff or pale ochraceous-buff, particularly on

foreneck and centre of breast——This coloration is strikingly

like that of the unrelated Pteropus keyensis.

Paratype (adult female): Different in colour from type.

Back russet mars-brown, sprinkled with many pale cream

hairs, this lightening of the russet mars-brown colour being

noticeable all over the back, though more conspicuously so on

the rump ; individual hairs uniform from base to tip. Head

similar to back, but more heavily sprinkled with cream-

coloured hairs. Mantle and sides of neck essentially as in

Pt. anetianus, buffy washed with ochraceous or (on the sides)

russet-ochraceous. Threat, breast, and belly mars-brown

thickly sprinkled with pale hairs.

So far as the colour of the fur is concerned, the paratype

described above differs from Pt. anetianus chiefly in the more

russet or russet mars-brown (not Vandyck-brown) general

tinge of the fur. At first sight the type presents a totally

different style of colour, but in reality the difference is

evidently due simply to an excessive development of the pale

(cream or buff) element, which in the paratype is noticeable

only as a “sprinkling” of the darker tinges; in the type

this cream and buff colour has spread uniformly all over the

animal above and below, reducing the russet or mars-brown

element to a delicate wash of the colour of the back.

Judging from other species of the genus it appears rather

unlikely that the colour-difference is sexual.

T'ype.—¢ ad., skin and skull, Aurora Island (Maiwo),

472 Dr. L. 8. Berg on the

North New Hebrides, B.M. 13. 4.6.1. A paratype (9 ad.)

from same locality. Both specimens have been skinned from

alcohol, but the colour of the fur is probably uninfluenced by

the preserving fluid.

LY.—A Review of the Clupeoid Fishes of the Caspian Sea,

with Remarks on the Herring-like Fishes of the Russian

Empire. By Dr. L. 8S. Bure (St. Petersburg).

Tue family Clupeide is represented within the limits of the

Russian Empire by the following genera :—

1. CLuPEONELLA, Kessler.

Clupeonella, Kessler, Fishes of the Aralo-Caspio-Pontical Region, 1877,

p. 187, tab. vi. fig. 24 (Russ. ; type Cl. grummi, Kessler, juy.).

Alosa auctorum.

Belly compressed ; ventral scutes strong, not concealed,

29 to 35 in number. Scales more or less deciduous, 49 to

60 in a longitudinal series ; two elongate scales (ale) at base

of caudal fin. Mouth large, terminal, the maxillary nearly

or quite reaching vertical from posterior edge of eye; jaws

nearly equal anteriorly ; upper jaw distinctly notched. Teeth

on vomer persistent ; teeth usually present in jaws and on

palatines and tongue. Lyelids distinct; cheek higher than

long; operculum with radial strie. Dorsal II-1V 12-16;

origin nearer to tip of snout than to base of caudal ; last

ray not produced. Anal II-IV 17-20. Pelvics I 8-9,

inserted below origin or anterior third of dorsal. Vertebrze

48 to 52. Pyloric appendages about 50. Ovaries yellow.

Total length 160-500 mm.

Black and Caspian Seas. Some ascending rivers. Acci-

dentally penetrating in the Mediterranean as far west as

Cette, France (1885) *.

- 2. Arosa, Cuvier, 1829.

Type, Clupea alosa, L.

Closely allied to Clupeonella, but vomer toothless. Ver-

tebree 56-59. Appendices pylorice 100. Transverse series

of scales 60-80.

In Russia only A. finta, Cuv. (Baltic Sea, Gulf of Finland,

Gulf of Bothnia).

* Moreau, ‘ Histoire naturelle des poissons de la France,’ Supplement

(Paris, 1891), p. 75.

Clupeoid Fishes of the Caspian Sea. 473

3. Ciurea, Linn.

Type, Cl. harengus, L.

Belly rounded ; ventral scutes weak, inconspicvous, 36 to

48. 56 to 7@ scales in a longitudinal series. Maxillary

extending to below middle of eye ; lower jaw projecting ;

upper jgw not notched. Small but persistent teeth on

vomer; sometimes minute teeth in jaws and on palatines

and tongue. Eyelids rudimentary; cheek longer than high ;

operculum smooth. Gill-rakers about 70. Dorsal II-V

13-17 ; origin nearer to tip of snout than to base of caudal.

Anal II-IV 12-17. Pelvics I 7-8 (9), inserted below ante-

rior 4 of dorsal. Vertebree 50-59. Pyloric appendages

18-23.

A single species, with many subspecies, races, and forms

in the northern parts of the Atlantic and Pacific; absent

from the Black and Caspian Seas.

4. SpraTea, Val.

Spratella, Valenciennes, Hist. nat. poiss. xx. 1847, p. 356 (pumila=

sprattus).

Meletta, Val. t. c. p. 366 (vulgaris=sprattus).

Pomolobus (non Raf.), Jordan and Evermann, Fish. of N, Amer. i,

1896, p. 424 (only synonymy, partim).

Differs from Clupea in the absence of vomerine teeth.

Ventral scutes distinct. Maxillary scarcely extending

beyond vertical from anterior edge of eye. Dorsal origin

nearer to base of caudal than to tip of snout; pelvics in-

serted below or somewhat in adyance of origin of dorsal.

Vertebre 45 to 50. Pyloric appendages 8 to 10.

S. sprattus, L., from the Baltic, S. phalerica, Risso, from

the Mediterranean, and S. suling, Antipa, from the Black

Sea.

5. Harenouta, Val,

Harengula, Val. t. c. pp. 277, 280 (latula) ; Jordan and Herre, Proo.

‘U.S. Nat. Mus. xxx1. 1906, p. 633. :

Closely related to Spratella, but the dorsal fin more ante-

rior in position. The following diagnosis is based on the

species of the Black and Caspian Seas :—

Belly compressed ; ventral scutes strong, not concealed,

22 to 31 in number. Scales deciduous, 40 to 63 in a longi-

tudinal series; no alz at base of caudal fin. Mouth rather

small, the maxillary reaching vertical from anterior edge of

eye; lower jaw projecting ; upper jaw not notched. No

474 Dr. L. 8. Berg on the

vomerine teeth ; teeth sometimes present on palatines. Eye-

lids absent or rudimentary; cheek longer than high; oper-

culum without radial striz. Dorsal III-IV 11-14; origin

nearer to tip of snout than to base of caudal. Anal II-III

15-18. Pelvics I 6-7, inserted below anterior 3 of dorsal.

Vertebre 44. Pyloric appendages 8. Ovaries pink or

purplish violet. No spots on side of body.

Total length to 165 mm.

Coasts of the Atlantic and Pacific ; four species in the

Black and Caspian Seas.

6. SarpINELLA, Val.’

Sardinella, Val. Hist. nat. poiss. xx. 1847, p. 261 (aurita).

Sardinia, Poey, Memorias, ii. 1860, p. 31 (pseudohispanica ; fide Jord.

& Everm.).

Clupanodon (non Lac.), Jordan and Evermann, Fish, N. Amer. i. 1896,

p. 422.

Sardina, Antipa, Denkschr. Ak. Wien, Ixxviii. 1905, p. 42 (pilchardus).

Intermediate between Clupea and Alssa.

Ventral scutes nearly concealed. Scales deciduous, 28 to

52 in a longitudinal series ; ale present. Maxillary scarcely

extending beyond vertical from anterior margin of eye;

upper jaw slightly notched. No vomerine teeth; very

feeble teeth on palatines and tongue. Eyelids present;

opercles with or without radial striz. Dorsal origin much

nearer to tip of snout than to base of caudal; pelvics in-

serted below anterior 4 or middle of dorsal. Vertebre

50-54. Pyloric appendages numerous.

Coasts of the Atlantic and Pacific; within Russian limits

S. euxina, Antipa, 1905, and S. pilchardus (Walbaum), both

from the Black Sea. ;

Two of the six genera occur in the Caspian Sea, namely,

Clupeonella and Harengula. A revision of the Caspian species

follows, with the Black Sea species of these genera included,

so that all the known species of Clupevnella are enumerated.

CLUPEONELLA.

Synopsis of the Species of the Caspian Sea*.

I. Less than 50 gill-rakers on first arch ; teeth in jaws distinct.

A. Pectoral extending more than 61 °/, of distance from its base to

root of pelvics; diameter of eye 5 to 7-4°/, of length of fish

(to end of middle caudal rays); total length not more than

— 200 to 250 mm.

* C. grimmi, Kessler, is not included in this synopsis (v. p. 479).

Clupeotd Fishes of the Caspian Sea. 475

1. Body immaculate or with spots larger than pupil; no dark

lateral stripe.

Head acute, with straight upper profile; depth at

occiput 70 to 77°4°/, of its length. Lower jaw

with a distinct symphysial tubercle ............ saposhnikovi.

Head with convex upper profile; depth at occiput 78°7

to 85°7 °/, of its length. Lower jaw without or

With fooble Gaherela wit ewine eon 30 oe eee spherocephala.

2. A dark lateral: stripe! \s./.1< votes wd etdee «3 curensis.

B. Pectoral (in adults) extending less than 61 °/, of distance from

its base to root of pelvics; diameter of eye 4 to 5-9 °/, of length

of fish ; total length usually more than 250 mm.

25 to 44 gill-rakers on first arch; lower jaw with a

CC ee borer ese ere te brashkinovt.

18 to 26 gill-rakers on first arch; lower jaw rounded

Il. More than 50 but less than 100 gill-rakers on first arch ; teeth in

jaws distinct.

Gill-rakers. GU to! 800. ~ clauses aga camden aoa 6 oats kesslert.

Sill-rdkern ghowOa. 21). 4 ec aval ca naay sete oa teas suworewt?.

III. Gill-rakers long, slender, reaching in advance of base of tongue,

100 or more on first arch ; lower jaw sometimes toothless.

caspia.

1. Clupeonella saposhnikovi (Grimm).

Clupea saposchnikovi, Grimm, The Herring of Astrakhan (in Russ.),

1887, pp. 7, 16 (Volga Delta).

Clupeonella saposhnikovi, Berg, The Herrings of the Caspian Sea (in

Russ.), 1915, p. 15, tab. viii.-ix. (full synonymy).

D. III-1V 12-13. A. III-I1V 17-18. Sq. 52-55. Gill-

rakers 26-40 (average 30-31). Teeth strong. Eye large,

6:0-7°4 °/, of the length of the fish *. Body deep, its depth

23°3-28°7 °/, of the length (if more than 27 °/,—morpha

elata).

Total length usually 220-250 mm., sometimes 300 mm.;

morpha edata 340 mm.

Caspian Sea, ascending only the lower part of the Volga

Delta.

2. Clupeonella spherocephala, Berg.

Clupeonella spherocephala, Berg, The Herrings of the Caspian Sea (in

Russ.), 1913, p. 20, tab. xii. figs. 1, la.

D. III 13-14. A. III 17-19. Sq. 49. Ventral scutes

30-32. Gill-rakers long, robust, 26-36 (average 30).

* The length of the fish is measured to the end of the middle caudal

rays, the total length to the tips of the caudal lobes,

476 Dr. L. 8. Berg on the

Teeth strong. Upper profile of head rounded. Depth of

body 24°4-28°8 °/, of the length of fish, least depth 8°1-9:1 °/.,

head 24°5-26°0 °/,. Depth of head at occiput 78°7-85-7 °/,

of its length. Eye large, 5-1-6°5 °/, of the length of fish.

Pectorals extending 70-77 °/, of the distance from their base

to that of pelvics.. Scales rather firm. Sometimes dark

spots on the sides of body,

Total length 160-185 mm. (sometimes to 233 mm.).

Caspian Sea: Bay of Agrakhan, Tiuleny (Seal) Island.

3. Clupeonella curensis (Suworow).

Clupea (Alosa) curensis, Suworow, Trudy, Casp. Exp. 1904 (in Russ.),

i. 1907, pp. 166, 192-194; ni. 1908, p. 46.

Clupeonella curensis, Berg, The Herrings of the Caspian Sea (in Russ.),

1913, p. 22, tab. xiii. figs. 1, 2.

D. III-IV 12-14. A. III 17-19. Sq. 52-53. Ventral

scutes 29-35. Gill-rakers 30-45 (average 35:7), long,

slender. Teeth moderate. A distinct tubercle at the

antero-inferior end of the lower jaw. Upper profile of head

straight. Depth of body 18°4-27:2 °/, of the length of the

fish, eye 5°4-6°2 °/,. Depth of head at occiput 65°8-73°6 °/,

of the length of head. Pectoral extending 68-81 °/, of the

distance from its base to that of pelvics. A dark band along

sides of body. Small specimens with back in front of dorsal

fin distinctly keeled.

Total length to 200 mm.

West coast of the Caspian Sea, from the mouth of Kura

to near Petrowsk.

4, Clupeonella brashnikovi (Borodin).

Clupea saposchnikowi, var., Brashnikov, Viest. Rybopr. 1898, p. 231 (in

Russ.).

Clupea caspiopontica, var. braschnikowt, Borodin, tbidem, 1904, p. 176

in Russ.).

Cspeonella \ nashnikovi Berg, The Herrings of the Caspian Sea (in

Russ.), 1913, p. 24, tab. x., x1.

D. TIT 15. A. IL18. Sq. 51-54. Gill-rakers 25-40

(average 32°2), long, thick. Teeth strong. Head cunei-

form. Eye small, in adults 4°5-5'0 °/, of the length of body.

Body usually elongate, its depth 21-24 °/, of the length of

the fish, but sometimes as much as 29 °/, (morpha elata).

Pectoral, in adults, extending not more than 61 °/, of the

distance from its base to that of pelvics.

Total length to 483 mm.

Caspian Sea, principally at Manghyshlak. Not entering

rivers,

Clupeoid Fishes of the Caspian Sea. 477

5. Clupeonella leucocephala, Berg.

Clupea caspiopontica, var. grimmi (non Kessl.), Borodin, Viest. Rybopr.

1904, p. 180 (in Russ.).

Clupea (Alosa) grimmi (non Kessl.), Suworow, Trudy Casp. Exp. 1904

(in Russ.), ii. 1908, p. 45.

Clupeonella leucocephala, Berg, The Herrings of the Caspian Sea (in

Russ.), 1913, p. 27, tab. xiv.

D.II1 13-15. A. IIL18-20. Sq. 51-53. Ventral scutes

31-33. Gill-rakers 18-26 (average 20°9), strong, long.

Teeth strong. ‘Tip of lower jaw rounded. Body elongate,

its depth 186-22°8 °/, of the length of the fish. Head

cuneiform, its depth at occiput 62-63 °/, of its length.

Eyes small, 4°0—4°7 °/, of the length of the fish. Pectoral as

in Cl. brashnikovi, extending 40-58 °/, of the distance from

its base to that of pelvies.

Total length to 375 mm.

South part of the Caspian, northward to Belidshi.

6. Clupeonella meéotica (Grimm).

Clupea m@otica, Grimm, Viest. Rybopr. 1901, p. 67 (Kerch Strait) (in

Russ.).

Alosa meéotica, Brauner, Tray. Soc. Nat. Bessarabie, ii. 1912, pp. 218,

221 (J.iman of Dniestr).

Gill-rakers 27-385. Depth of head at occiput 70-71°5 °/,

of its length.

Total length 330 mm. or more.

Sea of Asov and Black Sea (mouth of Dniestr).

7. Clupeonella suworowi, Berg.

_ Clupeonella sutvorowi, Berg, The Herrings of the Caspian Sea (in Russ.),

1913, p. 28, tab. xii. fig. 2.

DEVS is.) Ay TEP la” Sq: SF.” Ventrak scates: ai.

Gill-rakers 53. Teeth weak. Scales rather firm. Depth of

body 27:2 °/,, head 25:3 °/,, eye 6:0 °/, of the length of the

fish. Depth of head at occiput 81°4 °/, of its length. Pee-

toral extending 72°5 °/, of the distance from its base to that

of pelvics.

Allied to Cl. kessleri, from which it differs by fewer gill-

rakers, weaker teeth, and deeper body.

Total length 190 mm.

One specimen from near Volga Delta.

8. Clupeonella pontica (Kichwald).

Clupea piltschardus (non Walb.), Pallas, Zoogr. ross.-as. iil. 1811, p. 204

(ex parte: Pontus EKuxinus, Palus Meotis),

Ann. & Mag. N, Hist. Ser. 8. Vol, xi. 33

478 Dr. L. 8. Berg on the

Clupea pontica, Eichwald, Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou, 1838, p. 135 (in

Ponto Euxino prope Odessam).

Clupea eichwaldi, Grimm , Viest. Rybopr. 1901, p. 67 (in Russ.) (Asov

Sea, Don, Kalmius).

Alosa pontica, var. russac, Antipa, Denkschr. Akad. Wien, math.-

nat. Kl. lxxviii. 1905, p. 22, Taf. ii. figs, 1-5 (N. W. part of the Black

Sea).

Lie Brauner, /. c. p. 218.

Gill-rakers 40-60. Body elongate.

Allied to Cl. kessleri.

Black Sea.

8a. Clupeonella pontica nigrescens (Antipa).

Alosa pontica, var. nigrescens, Antipa, ¢. c. p. 21, Taf. i. figs. 1-3.

Body deeper than in Cl. pontica typica.

West coast of the Black Sea.

9. Clupeonella kessleri (Grimm).

Clupea piltschardus, var., Pallas, Zoogr. rosso-asiat. iii. 1811, p. 206

(Volgam usque ad Camam et Occam fl. adscendit anadromus).

Clupea pontica (non Eichw.), Kessler, Trav. Soc. Nat. Pétersb. (in

Russ.) i. 1870, p. 281 (Volga).

Clupea kessler?, Grimm, The Herring of Astrakhan (in Russ.), 1887,

p. 7 (Volga Delta).

Clupeonella kessleri, Berg, The Herrings of the Caspian Sea (in Russ.),

1913, p. 29, tab. vi., vii.

D. II-IV 18-15. A. II] 17-20. Sq. 538-56. Ventral

scutes 33. Gill-rakers short, 60-89. Teeth distinct. Body

elongate, its depth 21:1—-25'1 °/, of the length of the fish,

sometimes (morpha elata) to 30 °/,. Length of head 22-8—

26°9 °/, of the length of the fish. Eye small, 4-1-4°9 °/ of

the length of the fish. Pectorals extending 541-66'1 °/

of the distance from their base to that of pelvics. Scales

rather firm,

Total length to 492 mm. ae

Caspian Sea, entering Volga and Ural. In the Volga as

high as Nishni-Noygorod.

10. Clupeonella caspia (Eichwald).

Clupea caspia, Eichwald, Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou, xi. 183

(habitat in Caspio mari). 4 8, p. 134

Clupeonella caspia, Berg, The Herrings of the Caspian S :

1913, p. 36, tab. i. fig. 1, tab. ii—iv. pian Sea (in Russ.),

D. ITI-IV 13-15. A. III 16-20. Sc. 49-54, Gil

rakers long, slender, 101-135. Teeth weak, in lower jaw

Clupeoid Fishes of the Caspian Sea, 479

usually absent. Body compressed, deep, its depth 25-30 °/,

of the length of the fish (25-26 °/,=morpha elongata, 28-

30 °/,=morpha elata).

Total length 200-260 mm., rarely 320 mm.

Caspian Sea, entering Volga Delta.

10a. Clupeonella caspia volgensis (Meissner).

Clupea caspia, var. volgensis, Meissner, in litt.

Clupeonella caspia volgensis, Berg, The Herrings of the Caspian Sea (in

Russ.), 1913, p. 34, tab. v.

D. IV 13-14 (15). A. IIT 15-19. Sq..55. Ventral

scutes 32-35. Differs from Cl. caspia typica in its elongate

form (depth 23°2-25°5 °/, of the length of the fish), stronger

teeth, and more acute snout. External shape very similar

to Cl. kessleri, from which it differs by more numerous gill-

rakers (100-140), &c. Scales deciduous.

Total length to 387 mm.

Caspian Sea, entering Volga.

11. Clupeonella tanaica (Grimm).

Clupea tanaica, Grimm, Viest. Rybopr. 1901, p. 67 (in Russ.) (Sea of

Asov).

Alosa tanaica, Brauner, Tray. Soc. Nat. Bessarabie, ii. 1912, p. 217.

Allied to Cl. caspia.

Gill-rakers 58-77. Lower jaw toothless. Body deep.

Total length to 175 mm.

Sea of Asoy, entering Don.

12. Clupeonella nordmanni (Antipa).

Alosa nordmanni, Antipa, Denkschr. Ak. Wien, xxviii. 1905, p. 28,

Taf. ii. figs. 6-10.

Replaces Cl. tanaica in the west part of the Black Sea.

Gill-rakers 76-90. Teeth in lower jaw present. Pelvics

inserted under origin of dorsal.

Total length to 200 mm. '

N.W. part of the Black Sea, entering Danube, Dniestr,

Dniepr.

13. Clupeonella grimmi, Kessler.

Clupeonella grimmi, Kessler, Fishes of the Aralo-Caspio-Pontical

Region, 1877, p. 187 (in Russ.), tab. vi. fig. 24.

Only young specimens, up to 45 mm., are known, Gill-

rakers 17-30.

Middle part of the Caspian Sea.

Types in the Zool. Mus. of the Acad. Sc. St. Petersburg.

33%

480 On the Herring-like Fishes of the Russian Empire.

HARENGULA.

Synopsis of the Caspian Species.

I. Profile of back arched.

Body deep, compressed, its depth more than 20 °/, of

the length of the fish. Gull-rakers 44-56........ delicatula.

Body low, cylindrical, its depth not more than 19%*/,

of the length of the fish. Gill-rakers 59-63...... engrauliformis,

II. Back and head forming a straight line. Body compressed, deep.

Gill-rakers 45 9 5 os sictea's sa elo nies sete gata eis om tscharchalensis.

1. Harengula cultriventris (Nordmann).

Clupea cultriventris, Nordmann, Faune pontique, iii. 1840, p. 522 (Black

Sea); Antipa, Denkschr. Ak, Wien, math.-nat. Kl. Ixxyiii. 1905,

p. 32, Taf. ii. figs. 15-18,

Black Sea.

2. Harengula delicatula (Nordmann).

Clupea delicatula, Nordm. t. c. p. 524 (Odessa); Antipa, ¢. ¢. p. 32,

Taf. ii. figs. 11-14 (near Danube Delta).

Harengula delicatula, Berg, The Herrings of the Caspian Sea (in Russ.),

1913, p. 45, tab. i. fig. 2 (Caspian Sea).

Black and Caspian Seas, entering deltas of rivers.

There are two forms, elata and elongata.

3. Harengula tscharchalensis (Borodin).

Clupea cultriventris, var. tscharchalensis, Borodin, Ann. Mus, Zool.

Pétersb. i. 1896, pp. 82, 88, fig. (in Russ.) (Lake Charkhal).

Harengula tscharchalensis, Berg, t. c. p. 45.

Lake Charkhal (tributary of the Ural River), middle

Volga.

4. Harengula engrauliformis (Borodin).

Clupea engrauliformis, Borodin, Trudy, Casp. Exp. 1904, ii. 1908,

p- 50. :

Harengula engrauliformis, Berg, t. c. p. 46, tab. i. fig. 3.

West coast of the Caspian Sea.

On a Species of the Genus Termitodesmus. 481

LVI.—On a Second Indian Species of the Genus

Termitodesmus (T. fletcheri, sp. n.). By STANLEY Htrsr.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

THE genus Termitodesmus was founded by Prof. F. Silvestri

in 1911 for the reception of two interesting new millipedes

found in termites’ nests in Ceylon*, An Indian species

belonging to this genus (7’. lefroy’) was briefly described by

myself, in August of the same year, in this journal.

Mr. T. Bainbrigge-Fletcher has very kindly sent mea second

Indian species, which I describe below.

Termitodesmus fletcheri, sp. n.

Closely allied to 7. lefroyi, Hirst, but easily distinguish-

able from that species by the presence of a transverse series

of large granules on each of the tergites. This row of

granules is situated at the posterior margin of the tergite,

and is restricted to the middle part of it ; towards the poste-

rior end of the body the series of granules become weaker,

and they are not present on the last tergites. This new

species is larger than TZ. lefroyi, but the shape of its body is

very similar. First tergite furnished with a distinct median

groove, which is not very long and is situated a little in

advance of the posterior margin ; there is also an oblique

lateral impression on each side of this tergite, and sometimes

a second obsolete postero-lateral impression can be seen on

each side. Scales very like those of 7’. lefroyi, most of them

being circular or subcireular, but others ovate in shape;

apparently they are not placed quite so close together as is

the case in T. lefroyi. Shape of third segment of antenna

very like that of 7. ceylonicus (as figured by Silvestri).

Colour pale cream (spirit-specimens).

Measurements in mm.—Length of body 5, its width 3°3.

(Length of 7’. lefroyi 4°25, its width 2°8.)

Material—Seven specimens found in the run-ways of a

mound-building termite (Odontotermes wallonensis, Wasm., ?)

aud of its inquilene (Microtermes sp., perhaps MM. ebesus,

Holmer.) at Siruguppa, in the Bellary District of the Madras

Presidency. Other specimens captured at the same time are

in Mr. T. Bainbrigge-Fletcher’s collection. In his letter

* See K. Escherich’s ‘ Termitenleben auf Ceylon,’ 1911, pp. 245-247,

figs. 65-67 ; and also Zool. Jahrb. (Syst.) xxx. pp. 410-414, pls. ix.—xi,

482 Mr. O. Thomas ae

accompanying the specimens he says :—‘‘ When the nest was

opened up they retreated into the galleries, moving along

fairly rapidly with a slug-like gliding motion.”

The following is a key to the known species of Termito-

desmus :—

a. Scales of tergites circular or subcircular in shape.

a’. A transverse series of granules on the tergites. 7. fletchert, sp. D.

6’. No granules on the tergites ...........0+- T. lefroyi, Hirst.

b. Scales of tergites not circular.

a’, Body scarcely twice as long as wide. Scales

setiform and bifureated at the end or ending

in/4=o tittle prongs 4h 06 Ate ete es oh oe T. escherichit, Silv.

b°. Body considerably more than twice as long

as wide. Scales broader, squamate ...... T. ceylonicus, Silv.

LVII.—WNew African Epimys and Jaculus.

By OLDFIELD THOMAS.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Epimys stannartus, sp. n.

A small rat with the appearance of /. hinde? and its allies,

but much smaller and with smaller bullae. Mamme 1—2=6,

Size medium, decidedly smaller than in the Azndez group,

but much larger than any species that would be called

“ mice.”? Form rat-like. Fur long and loose, about as in

the hindet group. General colour above wood-brown heavily

lined with blackish, the posterior back more buffy. Under

surface dull whitish, the bases of the hairs slaty; line of

demarcation not very sharply defined. Ears of medium size,

uniformly brown. Hands and feet dull white; fifth hind

toe, without claw, reaching only to the base of the fourth toe ;

sole-pads 6, the last one elongated. ‘T’ail rather longer than

head and body, closely scaled, the scales averaging ten to the

centimetre, its hairs minute *, barely one scale in length ;

dark brown above and below. Mamme 1—2=6.

Skull, as compared with that of . hinded, smaller and

more delicate throughout. Upper profile rather more convex —

in the parietal region, Supraorbital edges with distinet but

not strongly developed ridges. Palatal foramina to the level

* The hairs may be longer and more numerous terminally, where the

skin has been lost off the vertebre.

new African Epimys and Jaculus. 483

of the main cusp of the first lamina of m'. Bulle quite

small, conspicuously smaller than in any of the members of

the hinde? group.

Molars proportionally large, larger than those of FE. hindet

and equalling those of #. nor; their form and structure

quite as in those species.

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :—

Head and body 126 mm.; tail 139; hind foot 28; ear 20.

Skull: greatest length 35; condylo-incisive length 31:7 ;

zygomatic breadth 16°7 ; nasals 13°6 ; interorbital breadth 5 ;

breadth of brain-case 14*2; palatilar length 15°1; palatal

foramina 8*2; upper molar series 6:7.

Hab. Kabwir, Bauchi Province, Northern Nigeria.

Alt. 2700’.

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 13. 2.5.7. Original

number 47, Collected 18th November, 1912, and presented

by Mr. J. C. Fox.

No rats of this type have hitherto been found in any part

of West Africa, and the present species can only be compared

with /. hindet and its allies, natives of British Hast Africa

southwards to Zambesia. From any of these it is at once

distinguishable by its much smaller size and smaller bulla,

though the fact that its teeth are as large tends to show that

it is really related to them.

Jaculus jaculus favonieus, subsp. n.

A western race of the smaller N.-African Jerboa.

Size slightly smaller than in Algerian specimens of J. ja-

culus, about equal to that of Egyptian examples. Colour

more ochraceous than in jaculus, but this may be due to the

preserving fluid out of which the specimen has been skinned

—the tone between * pinkish buff” and “ ochraceous buff.”

Breadth of the dorsal colonr less across the shoulders than in

jaculus, the white of the flanks coming high up on each side,

narrowing the dorsal buffy colour to about the width of the

crown; on the hinder back, however, the breadth of the

upper colour is as usual. A large white patch behind each

ear. Tail buffy above, white below, a well-marked whitish

ring preceding the usual subterminal black ring.

Skull smaller than that of specimens from Biskra and the

Central Algerian Sahara, the bullze noticeably smaller in all

dimensions ; skulls from Lower Egypt and Somaliland are,

however, of similarly small size (see below). _

Dimensions of the type (measured on a spirit-specimen) :—

Head and body 98 mm.; tail 175; hind foot 58; ear 19.

484 - On new African Epimys and J aculus.

Skull: greatest length (in middle line) 31; condylo-

incisive length 28; back of bulla to front of incisors 32:7 ;

zygomatic breadth 21; interorbital breadth 12:3; tympanic

breadth 23 ; diameter of bulla from antero-inferior to postero-

superior convexity 14°1 ; upper molar series 5,

Hab. Trarza Country, S.W. Mauritania.

Type. Adult female, skinned from preserving fluid. B.M.

no. 13. 3.7.4. Collected by M. Audan.

This is a very great extensionof the range of the Dipodide*,

as the Central Algerian Sahara, over 1200 miles off, is the

nearest place from which any Jerboa has hitherto been

recorded.

An examination of the Jerboas of this group, which extends

from Senegambia to Somali, shows that they should all be

looked upon as a single species, with several subspecies,

between which the differences are size and general tone of

colour. At the three extremities of the wide area referred

to—Senegambia, Lower Egypt, and Somaliland—the size

is decidedly less than in Algeria and the Soudan, as may be

gathered from the following series of skull-measurements.

The single dimension taken is from the front of the incisors

to the back of the bulla :—

Trarza: 32°7 mm.

Biskra: 34°5, 34°5, 35°2, 35°4.

Central Algerian Sahara: 35.

Egyptian Soudan: 35°2, 35°6, 36:3.

Cairo, Lower Egypt: 32°3, 32°7, 32°7, 33°5, 33-6.

Somali: 32°5.

It will be seen that the nearness together of these dimen-

sions, and the geographical situation of the smaller forms at

the most distant points round the larger, indicate the advisa-

bility of treating the whole as a single species. For to split

them into two by size would leave the smaller species a

conglomerate of three geographically isolated forms, between

which in turn there are no characters to justify specific

separation.

The five subspecies, however, may be provisionally indicated

as follows :—

J. Jems deserti, Loche.—Larger, paler. Algeria &c., down to Lake

ad.

* The separation from each other of Dipus and Jaculus as distinct

genera (cf. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) ii. p. 808, 1908) enables us to

return to the well-known name Dipodide for the family, instead of the ~

comparatively unfamiliar Jaculide,

On a Crocodile from the Middle Purbeck of Swanage. 485

J. jaculus gordoni, Thos.—Larger, browner. Egyptian Soudan,

J. jaculus jaculus, Linn.—Smaller, paler. Lower Egypt.

J. jaculus favonicus, Thos.—Smaller, more ochraceous. §S.W. Mauri-.

tania.

J. jaculus vulturnus, Thos,—Smaller, browner. Somali.

Brief diagnosis of the last-named :—

Jaculus jaculus vulturnus, subsp. n.

Jaculus, Drake-Brockman, Mammals of Somaliland, p. 141 (1910).

Size about as in true J. jaculus of Lower Egypt. Ears

rather longer. Colour comparatively brown, matching that

of the Soudanese yordont. Postauricular white patches large.

Dark dorsal colour somewhat narrowed on posterior back.

Skull practically indistinguishable from that of jaculus.

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :—

Head and body 110 mm.; tail 170; hind foot 60; ear 23.

Skull: greatest length in middle line 30°7; condylo-

incisive length 29; back of bulla to frout of incisors 32°5;

interorbital breadth 12:2; tympanic breadth 23; diameter of

bulla 13°8 ; upper molar series 5:2.

Hab. Somaliland. Type from Berbera.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 5. 8. 7. 4. Original

number 28. Collected 17th May, 1905, and presented by

Dr. R. E. Drake-Brockman.

LVIIT.—On the Skull and Part of the Skeleton of a Crocodile

Jrom the Middle Purbeck of Swanage, with a Description

of a new Species (Pholidosaurus levis), and a Note on the

Skull of Hyleochampsa. By C. W. Anprews, D.Sc.,

¥.R.S. (British Museum, Natural History).

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

[Plate VIII. }

THE following paper consists mainly of an account of an

imperfect skull and skeleton of a crocodile preserved on a

slab of Middle Purbeck limestone from Swanage. The

specimen was discovered in Keat’s Quarry, and was obtained

for the British Museum by the late F. Hovenden, Esq.,

F.L.S., F.G.S.

The bones are much scattered, and in many cases overlie

one another; the parts preserved are:—the skull, wanting

486 Dr. C. W. Andrews on a Crocodile

the extremity of the snout; the anterior part of the mandible;

the atlas and axisand four other cervical vertebra, with their

ribs, behind which are two more cervical ribs in their natural

position in the series, the vertebree being wanting ; two or

three dorsal vertebra ; dorsal and sternal ribs ; indenclan ieee ;

both coracoids ; the lett scapula; both humeri and ulne ;

left ilium; an ischium; right tibia; left fibula; numerous

dorsal and ventral scutes, some of the latter still united with

one another.

The skull (Pl. VIII. fig. 1) has been much crushed from

above downwards, the palatal bomes being especially badly

broken. About 3-4 cm. of the end of the snout are wanting.

In its general outline the skull is gavial-like, the snout being

relatively long and slender. ‘The supratemporal fosse,

though a little larger than the orbits, are much smaller

than in the Teleosauride. Their upper rim is roughly

quadrate in outline, but below this level they are rounded off

at the anterior and posterior angles by projections of the

frontal and parietal. The bony platform surrounding these

openings is wide posteriorly and externally, and the upper

surface of the bar between them is also of considerable width.

The orbits, which leoked upwards, outwards, and forwards,

are oval in outline, being somewhat narrowed in front by an

overhanging prominence on the prefrontal.

In front of the temporal fossz the frontal ( fr.) sends out

broad lateral branches to join the postfrontals. Anteriorly

they form the hinder part of the orbital border ; in front of

this the frontal first joins the prefrontal, then terminates

anteriorly in a broad wedge-like point, thrust in between the

hinder ends of the nasals and extending forward to about

2 cm. in front of the orbit. ‘Phe prefrontals ( prf.) ave sepa-

rated from the frontals posteriorly by a short suture running

inwards from the orbital border nearly at right angles to the

long axis of the skull, while their inner border is nearly

parallel with it; anteriorly they widen out a little and bear

a prominence which projects over the front of the orbit. In

this region they overlap the lachrymal, which unites below

with the maxilla and forms the actual anterior angle of the

orbit. The nasals (”.) terminate posteriorly in points which

are thrust in between the frontal and postfrontals to a little

behind the level of the anterior angle of the orbit. Ante-

riorly they diminish in width very gradually, and their

anterior ends probably just reach the facial processes of the

premaxille (p.ma.), which were long and slender, though,

owing to the loss of the anterior part of the snout, the form

of the premaxille as a whole cannot be determined. The

from the Middle Purbeck of Swanage. 487

maxillz (ma.) bear numerous teeth, the edges of the sockets

for which form slight prominences on the alveolar border,

The teeth themselves have sharp, pointed, slightly curved

crowns, which are circular in section ; the enamel is raised

into numerous well-defined vertical ridges, but there seems to

have been no carina. About nine teeth occur in a length of

10 cm. of the alveolar border.

The palate (text-fig. 1) is badly preserved. It can be seen

that the pterygoids (pt.) united beneath the basisphenoid

and send forwards and outwards broad wings which unite

externally with the transpalatine (¢.p.), an L-shaped bone,

Pholidosaurus decipiens, Watson. Diagram of the palate.

About 3 nat. size.

cond., occipital condyle ; ew.m., median Eustachian opening ; z.mar-., in-

ternal nares; j., jugal; pal., palatine; pt., pterygoid; s.0.v., sub-

orbital vacuity ; ¢.p., transpalatine.

the outer end of which joins the maxilla and probably the

jugal (7.). Anteriorly the pterygoids appear to unite with

the palatines ( pal.) at about the level of the anterior angle

of the internal nares (¢.nar.). These openings seem to be

bounded below by the palatines only, though the pterygoids

must form most of their roof; their anterior angle is about

as far forward as the anterior border of the temporal fossa,

The suborbital vacuities (s.o.v.) are large, their posterior

angle extending some distance behind the anterior border of

the narial opening. The median Eustachian opening (eu.m.)

488 Dr. C. W. Andrews on a Crocodile

is immediately in front of the ventral prominence of the basi-

- occipital. The bones of the back of the skull are much

crushed, but it can be seen that the paroccipital process of

the exoccipital is very large, widening towards its outer end,

where it terminates in a thickened rounded border; the

quadrate region does not seem to present any peculiarities.

The bones of the skull-roof show a feeble sculpturing of pits,

for the most part irregularly arranged, but on the frontal

radiating from the middle of the bone. On the snout the

pits are replaced by short, irregular, but for the most part

longitudinal, grooves.

The skull just noticed agrees very closely with that

described by Owen (Foss. Rept. Weald. and Purbeck Form.

Suppl. vit. (1878) p. 10, pl. vi. figs. 1, 2) under the name

Petrosuchus levidens. Mr. D. M. 8. Watson (Mem. and

Proc. Manchester Lit. and Phil. Soc. vol. lv. (1910-11),

Mem. xviii. p. 9) has, however, pointed out that this specific

name can only apply to the mandible of a short-snouted

crocodile which Owen wrongly regarded as associated with

the skull, so that it is this mandible which must be regarded

as the type of Petrosuchus levidens. The skull agrees very

closely with that of JMJacrorhynchus schaumbergensis as

described by Koken (Paleont. Abhandl. vol. ili. (1887)

p. 334), and may no doubt be referred to the same genus, the

name for which should be Pholidosaurus (von Meyer), which

antedated Macrorhynchus by some years. ‘lhe name Pholido-

saurus decipiens has been suggested by Mr. Watson (loc. cit.)

for the skull described by Owen, and that name is here

adopted for the specimen under discussion.

The mandible had a very long symphysis into which the

splenial seems to have entered for a short distance only, a

circumstance which distinguishes it from Pholidosaurus

schaumbergensis, H. v. Meyer, in which, according to Koken,

the splenial extends nearly half the whole length of the

symphysis. Anteriorly there is a slight expansion, showing

that a premaxillary expansion was also present.

The atlas is all preserved, but the parts composing it are

scattered. The odontoid remains attached to the centrum of

the axis; its postero-inferior angles bear facets which

probably helped to support the large first rib, which is a

flattened bar of bone, pointed posteriorly and showing no

trace of a tubercular process. The first subvertebral wedge-

bone (hypocentrum of atlas) is closely similar to that found

in the young alligator; it is notched posteriorly and bore a

pair of facets which helped to form the surface for the support

of the first rib. The two halves of the neural areh are

from the Middle Purbeck of Swanage. 489

massive, the thickened ventral portion bearing two facets,

one for union with the odontoid, the other forming the

supero-lateral part of the cup for the occipital condyle; the

base of the neural arch is deeply notched in front ; this element

is likewise very similar to that seen in the young alligator.

The axis is a moderately elongated vertebra fused ante-

riorly with the odontoid ; the neural spine is long and low,

rising somewhat towards its hinder end; the rib articulated

mainly by its capitulum, but has a small tubercular process,

which was no doubt connected with a diapophysis on the

centrum ; this second rib seems to have been almost entirely

concealed beneath the first. The remaining cervical vertebrae

present no peculiarities ; their centra were slightly concave

_at each end; the neural spines are broad and rather low, the

upper end being rounded; they increase a little in height

and decrease in breadth as they are followed back on the

series. ‘lhe cervical ribs are of the normal Crocodilian form.

The last two cervicals are represented by the ribs only

which lie in their natural position with regard to one another

and the rest of the series.

The dorsal vertebre are represented by two or three in-

complete specimens. One of these shows that the ends of

the centrum were circular in outline and slightly concave in

the middle, the edges being gently rounded. The neural

arch and zygapophyses were proportionately large and the

neural spine moderately high.

A number of dorsal ribs are preserved, but present no

striking peculiarities. In addition to these there are several

elongated flattened elements which do not appear to consist of

true bone, but of calcified cartilage: these are sternal ribs.

Some of these have their opposite sides parallel and are

about three times as long as broad, others have one of the

long sides straight, the other convex. So far as Iam aware,

the presence of calcified sternal ribs in a fossil crocodile has

not been previously noted.

The shoulder-girdle is represented by the scapula, coracoid,

and a well-preserved interclavicle. The upper end of the

coracoid is similar to that seen in Tomistoma, but the bone is

shorter and broader, particularly in the neck. The scapula

is of modern type. ‘lhe interclavicle is a long straight bar of

bone terminating anteriorly in a blunt lance-shaped head;

behind this it first narrows and becomes thicker from above

downwards, then flattens out and widens to a point about

7 cm. from its anterior end ; the expansion marks the point

near which the lower ends of the coracoids were attached.

Behind this the bone again narrows, and probably terminates

490 Dr. G. W. Andrews on a Crocodile

posteriorly in a thickened point ; but this region is hidden

by overlying bones. An interclavicle of somewhat similar

shape, though probably having a shorter extension in front

of the coracoids, has been described (as sternum) in Mystrio-

saurus by d’Alton and Burmeister *, but I am not aware that

it has been noticed in later Mesozoic forms.

The humerus is closely similar to that of modern crocodiles,

except that the distal condyles are more nearly equal in size.

In this respect the present species also differs widely from

Steneosaurus and Metriorhynchus, in which the ulnar condyle

tends to undergo extreme reduction. The ulne are not well

enough preserved to show any characters.

Of the pelvis an ilium and an ischium are preserved. The

ilium, of which the upper part of the inner face is exposed,

does not seem to differ from the modern type. ‘The ischium

is nearly concealed by other bones.

Of the hind limb only a right tibia and a left fibula are

preserved. The tibia is somewhat incomplete distally and is

crushed at its upper end. So far as can be seen it is like that

of recent crocodiles, and the same may be said of the un-

crushed and perfect fibula, except that the distal facets for

the astragalusand calcaneum seem to be more sharply marked

off from one another.

Both dorsal (Pl. VIII. fig. 2) and ventral scutes are pre-

served. Of the former there were no doubt two rows

meeting in the middle line. Each dorsal seute (Pl. VIII.

fig. 2) is much broader transversely than longitudinally, the

ratio being about 11 to 4. The anterior border (a.b.) is

smooth and separated from the posterior portion by a groove ;

this smooth portion is overlapped by the hinder border of

the scute in front; the outer anterior angle is produced

into a blunt process (p.), which also underlies the scute

in front. The greater portion of the surface is covered

with an irregular sculpture of scattered pits, which become

most numerous and deepest towards the outer border, near

which there is a blunt longitudinal keel. The posterior

border of the under surface is bevelled off to fit against the

corresponding facet or the scute behind.

The ventral scutes united to form a plastron; they are

polygonal, those in the middle of the plastron having six

irregular sides. The sculpture of pits is much more strongly

developed than on the dorsal scutes.

* Der Fossile Gavial von Boll’ (1854), p. 55, pl. ix. (in the lettering

of the plate this bone is wrongly marked “ coracoid”). Also probably the

bone marked ¢ in pl. vil.

from the Middle Purbeck of Swanage. 491

Some dimensions of this specimen are :—

Skull (PI. VIII. fig. 1): em,

Ranges k, Pa ag away eee ee thee rie (approx.) 37

Wadth: between ‘orbite (i',3\ ae eee 40

py i BE postiirontala’: .9) .. «std masrds diaaee og 10-4

», of the middle of the snout ....(approx.) 3-0

Mandible :

POM seis pred et SAT Rene ane (approx.) 42:5

j~ t OF Bye physi) Ua oe cree 20°5

Length of the fused centra of atlas and axis ........ 4:2

Dorsal vertebra :

Width of contrat. .;.. « «a0 +3 estan me ee) bee

ELGG OF CONEUM ..'.. a. saw es ome en tee 25

37 totopof neural spine J )..ci.cecuse ees 70

Beneth of Humerus. .,... 23.06 Jus daeeus oat mae ae - 125

A WD esas ne aaiyd fel weer ene past werd pide 3

33 GAL oe ots oie) win wc ata cha we eee ines DELE

ia BUTE es ovate he thn chet cea ae ae 10:9

Width of a dorsal seute (Pl. VIII. fig. 2) .......... 17

Lengthy of a dorsal. scutes... sce eas cs eecady) os 41

The collection also includes the posterior portion of a skull

(Pl. VIII. fig. 3) of a Pholidosaurus apparently specifically

different from P. decipiens. The chief points of difference

are: (1) the complete absence of sculpture, and (2) the form

of the anterior region of the frontal (fr.), which, instead of

forming a broad wedge thrust between the hinder ends of the

nasals, seems to have extended as a narrow strip between

these bones, which furthermore ran a little further back than

in P. decipiens. This species, which is from the same horizon

and locality, may be called Pholidosaurus levis, sp. n.

The form of the skull and position of the sutures will

be best understood from the figure of the type specimen

(Pl. VIII. fig. 3).

Some dimensions (in centimetres) of this specimen are :—

Length from supraoccipital to top of frontal .......... 15-4

5. of pene LOBED or Soro hele een ieeminiala SE eae 39

BUELL he POS RET ONERUR 5 ea cx wn 0s 4 8 ccna a mie aint eae 11:2

Weast width ‘between orbits’. 7.450...5 0.0. cs bcctete. 4-0

From the above account it will be seen that Pholido-

saurus is distinguished by the relatively small size of the

supratemporal fossa, which are little larger than the orbits,

the long narrow snout on which the nasals meet the facial

processes of the premaxille, the internal nares far back,

but still closed below by the palatines only. The vertebrae

are amphiccelous. The fore limb is relatively large, and was

492 Dr. C. W. Andrews on a Crocodile

no doubt ambulatory. This genus has been rightly referred

to a distinct family—the Macrorhynchide—by various

writers ; but since the name Macrorhynchus is merely a

synonym of Pholidosaurus, it seems preferable to call the

family the Pholidosauride. It is distinguished from the

Teleosauridse by the relatively small size of the temporal

fossee, the extension forwards of the nasals to meet the pre-

maxille, the more posterior position of the internal nares,

and the relatively larger size of the fore limb.

The remarkable and little-known crocodile Hyleochampsa

vectiana of Owen * has also been referred to this family, but

HHyleochampsa vectiana, Owen. Diagram of the palate of the type

skull (R. 177). About 3 nat. size.

cond., occipital condyle ; ev.m., median Eustachian opening; for., fora-

men in transpalatine ; ?.2a7., internal nares; ju., jugal ; ma., maxilla ;

pal., palatine ; pt., pterygoid ; g., quadrate; s.0.v., suborbital vacuity ;

t.p., transpalatine.

the structure of the palate is so remarkable, and differs so

widely from that found in the other Mesozoic crocodiles, and

in some respects from the typical Eusuchia also, that it

should certainly be placed in a distinct family, the Hyleo-

champsidee. Owen’s description of the upper and occipital

surfaces of the skull is accurate and should be referred to,

* Foss. Rept. Wealden and Purbeck Form. Suppl. vi. (Mon, Pal. Soe.

1874). Figured in Suppl. v. pl. ii, figs, 23-25.

from the Middle Purbeck of Swanage. 493

but his account of the palatal surface is obscure. The most

remarkable point about the palate (text-fig. 2) is that the

pterygoids (pt.) meet beneath the nasal passage and carry

back the internal narial opening (¢.nar.) exactly as in modern

crocodiles ; the median Eustachian opening (ew.m.) is only

separated from the nares by a ridge of bone, probably mainly

formed by the basisphenoid. The palatal (suborbital) vacuities

(s.o.v.) are very narrow and are separated, as usual, by the nasal

tube formed by the palatines. Externally to these openings

the palate is perforated by another pair of vacuities (/or.),

not seen in other crocodiles. They are large oval apertures,

which Owen was inclined to take for the true suborbital

vacuities, regarding the median pair as the internal nares.

This, however, is clearly not the case, the nares (t.nar.), as

already noted, being situate as in the Eusuchia. It becomes

necessary, therefore, to account for the outer pair of openings,

and a careful examination of the specimen shows that they

are the result of the bifurcation of the outer portion of the

very large transverse bone (¢.p.), the posterior branch running

outwards and forwards to join the jugal, the anterior nearly

directly forwards to the maxilla (ma.) ; the opening included

between the branches of the transverse line was no doubt

closed externally by the union of the maxilla and jugal, but

the specimen is unfortunately incomplete at this point. This

opening has not been observed in any other crocodile; but it

is significant that in the transverse bone of all modern forms

there is, about opposite the point of union of the maxilla and

jugal, a small foramen, which completely perforates the bone

and is probably not a nutritive opening. It may be suggested

that this small opening is a remnant of the vacuity now

described on Hylawochampsa,

Another remarkable point about the skull is that the series

of dental alveoli, of which two or three are preserved in each

maxilla, converge very rapidly towards one another in front,

as if the skull were very short; but from the large size of the

nasals, so far as preserved, and from the peculiar pinching-in

of the skull in front of the orbits, it seems more probable

that this convergence of the alveolar borders is merely a rapid

narrowing to pass into a slender rostrum of unknown length.

Of the remainder of the skeleton nothing is definitely

known ; but it is very probable that a series of proccelous

Crocodilian vertebrae described by Seeley (Quart. Journ.

Geol. Soc. xliii. (1887) p. 212, pl. xii. figs. 7-8), under the

name Heterosuchus vuldensis, actually belong to Hylao-

champsa. Jf this is so, it adds another striking feature of

resemblance to the Eusuchia.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xi. 34

494 Mr. E. Schwarz on new

The occurrence in Wealden deposits of a crocodile which

in many respects, notably in the position of its internal nares,

and probably in the possession of proccelous vertebre, is

quite similar to the recent forms, while at the same time its

transverse bone differs widely from that of the earlier Meso-

suchia at present known, seems to make it doubtful whether

any of the latter are ancestral to the Eusuchia. No doubt

the condition of the internal nares found in them represents

a stage passed through by the ancestors of the Eusuchia ;

but it seems quite likely that those ancestors were forms still

unknown which lived in rivers and swamps. Grontopholis

and Bernissartia, contemporaries of Hyleochampsa, possessed

amphiccelous vertebra, and I am informed by Professor Dollo

their transverse bones are not bifurcated or perforated by any

foramen. These genera therefore may represent fresh-water

or swamp-haunting types derived from the earlier amphi-

ccelous Mesosuchia, but not ancestral to the modern erocodiles.

‘The same may also apply to Pholidosaurus. The discovery

in the Jurassic of remains of crocodiles other.than the more

or less pelagic types, such as Metriorhynchus and Steneo-

saurus, 1s necessary before the question can be settled.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE VIII.

Fig. 1. Pholidosaurus decipiens, Watson. Skull from above. (R. 3956.)

About 54, nat. size.

Fig. 2. Ditto. Dorsalscute fromabove. (R. 3956.) About +4, nat. size.

Fiy. 3. Pholidosaurus levis, sp.n. Skull from above. (Type specimen,

R, 3414.) About 53, nat. size.

a.b, Anterior border of scute. p. Process on antero-external

ex.o. Exoccipital. angle of scute,

fr. Frontal. pa. Parietal.

j. Jugal. ' | pmz. Premaxilla.

1. Lachrymal. po.f. Postfrontal.

mx. Maxilla, prj. Prefrontal.

n. Nasal. q. Quadrate.

oc.e. Occipital condyle. | qj. Quadrato-jugal.

sg. Squamosal.

LIX.—New African Antelopes of the Waterbuck Group.

By Ernst Scuwarz.

FuRTHER study of the Ungulata brought home by the Duke

of Mecklenburg’s expedition has resulted in the discovery of

tle following new forms :—

Kobus defassa annectens, subsp. n.

Type locality. Badingua, Upper Shari River.

African Antelopes of the Waterbuck Group. 495

Type. 2. Senckenberg Museum, Frankfurt-a.-M. Jour-

nal no. 324. Original no. 78. Collected in December 1910

by Dr. H. Schubotz.

Allied to K. defassa tschadensis*, but much darker and

with shorter neck-mane.

Anterior portion of back, withers, and upper parts of

shoulders brownish red (between fawn nos. 2 and 3, Rép. de

Coul.), strongly suffused with black and less contrasted with

the colour of the neck, as in tsehadensis. Colour of neck

similar, but with much less black suffusion, owing to the

much shorter blackish tips of the hairs. Crown and forehead

brownish red (fawn no. 2); middle portion of face similar,

but some hairs with black tips, which increase towards the

muzzle, thus producing an almost black effect in the foremost

portion of tle face; muzzle surrounded by the usual white

band. Cheeks greyish red; the whitish throat-band rather

gonspicuous, Back of ears reddish brown in the basal two-

Pind. apical third black, whereas in K. d. tschadensis only

the extreme tip and in K, d. schubotzi the apical fourth is

blackish. Buttocks white, sharply contrasted with the in-

distinct brownish-red area which margins the dark colour of

the rump, and which is continued down the posterior side

of the legs and to the tail, Hind legs from hocks, fore legs

from belew shoulders, and tail-tip brownish black (reddish

black no. 4, Rép.). Light bands round false hoofs dirty

white, those round hoofs brownish. Underside of body sooty

brown except the inguinal region, which is white like the

buttocks and the inner side of the thighs.

Skull. As in K. d. tschadensis; in the only male specimen,

unfortunately not full-grown, the horns appear to be slightly

thinner than in tschadensis.

‘The waterbuck of the Upper Shari Valley is intermediate

between the Chad and Ubangi races, Although the general

style of marking, the texture of the fur, and the skull are

very much as in KX. d. tschadensis, the dark colour, shorter

mane, and brown hoof-bands strongly recall the race which

is now described as

Kobus defussa schubotzi, subsp. n,

Type locality. Duma, near Libenge, Ubangi River.

Type. g. Senckenberg Museum, Frankfurt-a.-M. Jour

nal nos. 223 (skull), 214 (skin). Originalno, 21. Collected

in October 1910 by Dr. H. Schubotz,

* When describing the Lake Chad race, I have, by some mistake,

used K. wnctuosus instead of K. defassa, which is the oldest name for a

form of this group.

34*

496_ a Mr. E. Schwarz on new

Allied to K. d. annectens, but distinguished by its shorter

coat, more brownish colour, blackened face, and more slender

horns.

Back, withers, and shoulders distinctly speckled brownish

(dead-leaf nos. 1-2, Rép.) and black, gradually passing into

the colour of the neck, which is similar, but less speckled

with black. Crown and forehead rich rusty brown (fawn

nos. 2~3), rather sharply set off from the black central portion

of face. Cheeks also strongly speckled with black. The

whitish band round the muzzle strongly suffused with rusty

and margined on either side by a distinct greyish spot.

White throat-band very conspicuous. White supraorbital

stripe very distinct and accompanied above by a narrow

black streak. Back of ears pale reddish brown, with the

apical fourth black. Buttocks yellowish white, not sharply

contrasted with the reddish-brown band which margins the

dark colour of the rump, but is not continued to the thighs

as in K. d. annectens. Upperside of tail blackish. Hind

legs from hocks and fore legs from below shoulders deep

black (dark neutral tint no.4). An indistinct blackish-brown

stripe runs from the hocks to the inguinal region. Light

bands round false hoofs yellowish white, those round hoofs

rusty. Underside of body dark sooty, except the inguinal

region, which is white like the inner side of the thighs.

Skull. Distinctly smaller than in the two Shari races ;

horns thinner and with the rings much closer together.

Dimensions of type skull. Basal length 328 mm.; upper

length 360; palatal length 195 ; palatal width inside m, 52 ;

ostorbital width 151; zygomatic width 142; mastoid

width 129; nasals, length 153, greatest breadth 37; breadth

of rostrum across premaxillz 45; length of upper tooth-row

(alv.) 101; horns, length along curve 710, greatest diameter

at base 62.

The pale K. d. tschadensis, with its long fur and indistinet

markings, and the dark K. d. schubotz’, with its bright

markings and short coat, seem at first to represent different

species rather than local forms of the same species; but both

are connected by K. d. annectens, which combines the long

fur of K. d. tschadensis with the dark colour of the present

form.

Adenota kob adolfi-friderict, subsp. n.

Type locality. Mouth of the Shari River, German side,

Bornu.

Type. Adult 3. Senckenberg Museum, Frankfurt-a.-M.

Journal nos. 1009 (skin), 789 (skull). Original no. 121.

Collected February 2nd, 1911.

African Antelopes of the Waterbuck Group. 497

A very large form of the “ grass-antelope,” characterized

by the pale colour of the “ intermediate” zone * of the flanks

and the unusually strong horns.

Colour of “mantle” fulvous (bistre, Rép.), darker (no. 3)

posteriorly, lighter on the shoulders and neck (no. 1) and

face (no. 2). “ Intermediate” zone yellowish buff (maize-

yellow no, 2, Rép.), darkening on the thighs (no. 4). Limbs

like neck (bistre no. 1). Muzzle, lips, an indistinct ring

round eye, chin, chest, belly, and inner side of forearms and

thighs white. Front of fore legs from below shoulders with

a sharply defined brownish-black band ; hind legs with a

similar brownish-black band, but only reaching up from the

heofs halfway towards the hocks. A rather broad band

round hoofs and very narrow ones round false hoofs yellowish

to fulvous white. ‘ail above like back, below white, tip

black. Back of ears pale yellowish fulvous, with short

blackish tip and a large white patch at base.

Skull. Much larger than in A. &, kob, and comparatively

narrower. Horns of the same general shape, but more curved

in the basal portion and with longer tips.

Dimensions of type skull. Basal length 281 mm.; upper

length 312; palatal length 162 ; palatal width inside m, 39;

postorbital width 113, zygomatic width 104; mastoid width

98 ; nasals, length 121, greatest breadth 25; breadth of

rostrum across premaxillz 43°5; length of upper tooth-row

(alv.) 74 ; horns, length along curve 530, Breatest diameter

at base 63°7.

Adenota kob bahr-keete, subsp. n.

Type locality. Bahr Keeta, N.E. of Fort Archambault,

Upper Shari district.

Type. Adult g. Senckenberg Museum, Frankfart-a.-M.

Journal nos. 158 (skin), 20£ (skull). Original no. 143.

Collected in February 1911 by Dr. H. Schubotz.

Distinguished from A. k. adolfi-friderici by its somewhat

smaller size, darker ‘ intermediate’ zone, and weaker some-

what deflected horns.

Colour of “mantle”? deep fulvous (brownish terra-cotta,

Rép.), darker (between nos. 2-3) posteriorly, lighter on

shoulders, neck, and face (no.1). “ Intermediate” zone light

fulvous (near pitchpin no. 2, but duller, perhaps with a

slight admixture of chamois), darkening on the thighs (buff

no. 1). Black markings and distribution of white exactly as

* The dark colour of the back, here spoken of as the “mantle,” is

margined by a = intermediate” zone, which separates it from the

white of the belly.

498 Mr. C. T. Regan on the Cichlid Fishes

in A. k. adolfi-friderict, except that the white of the chin

and throat is more conspicuous.

Skull. Much as in A. k. adolfi-frideric?, but smaller.

Horns thinner at base and distinctly more curved in their

basal portion.

Dimensions of type skull. Basal length 255; upper length

287; palatal length 149; palatal width inside m, 39°5;

postorbital width 114; zygomatic width 102.5; mastoid

width 93; nasals, length 109, greatest breadth 23°9 ; breadth

of rostrum across premaxille 39°5; length of upper tooth-row

(alv.) 72°4; horns, length along curve 510, greatest diameter

at base 54°8.

Adenota kob ubangiensis, subsp. nov.

Type locality. Duma, near Libenge, Ubangi River.

Type. &. Senckenberg Museum, Frankfurtea.-M. Jour-

nal no. 215. Original number 18. Collected September 25th,

1910, by Dr. H. Schubotz (no skull).

Nearly allied to Adenota k. bahr-keetw, but still darker,

and with a distinct suffusion of black.

Colour of “ mantle” much like the “ru ochre” of the

‘Rép. de Couleurs,’ but somewhat more brownish, and

distinctly but finely speckled with black, especially poste-

riorly. No speckling on legs, neck, shoulders, and face.

‘* Intermediate ” one near “cinnamon” nos 1, thighs only

slightly darker. Black maikings and distribution of white

as in A. k. bahr-keete.

Only the skull of a young specimen has been examined.

A specimen from Crampel, Gribingi (Upper Shari) River,

combines the slightly larger size of A. «. bahkr-keete with the

dark fulvous colour of A. k&. ubangiensis. As a matter of

fact, the three forms of Adenota just described are very closely

allied ; more material from intermediate localities will most

certainly show them to intergrade, but the extremes at hand

are different enough from each other to deserve subspecific

rank,

LX.—A Synopsis of the Cichlid Fishes of the

Genus Crenicichla. By C. Tare Rea@an, M.A.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

In 1905 (Proc. Zool. Soc. pp. 152-168) I published a revision

of the genera Crenacara, Batrachops, and Crenicichla. Since

then Haseman has described Crenacara altispinosa from the

of the Genus Crenicichla. 499

Rio Guaporé (Ann. Carnegie Mus. vii. 1911, p. 344, pl. lviii.)

and also Crenicichla simont from the Paraguay (é.¢. p. 345) ;

the latter is a synonym of Batrachops ocellatus, Perugia.

Several new species of Crenitcichla have been described, and

those that I regard as valid, together with two described

below as new, bring up the number from sixteen to twenty-

two.

Synopsis of the Species.

I. Scales on sides ctenoid ; nostril not nearer to end of snout than to

eye.

A. 38 to 72 scales in a longitudinal series below lateral line.

1, Maxillary extending beyond vertical from anterior margin of

eye.

a. D. XVI-XX 13-16. Interorbital width 3 (adult) or ¢ (young)

the length of head. Often a dark spot or ocellus between

pectoral fin and lateral line.

Less than 50 scales in a lateral longitudinal

BAHON occ saWunt oy vache Degree ds 1. lepidota, Heck., 1840.

50 to 62 scales in a lateral longitudinal

ROMER ica since state aed Fea a Kes 2. savatilis, Linn.

b. D. XVIII-XXI 18-15. Interorbital width } (adult) or 4 or

less (young) the length of head. An ocellus on lateral line

above pectoral fin.

D. XVIM-XIX 13-15; 33 or 4 scales be-

tween last dorsal spine and lateral

EE One eE? SUPE a Cor 3. alta, Eigenm., 1912.

D, XIX-XXI 13-14; 42 to 6 scales be-

tween last dorsal spine and lateral line. 4. ducius, Cope, 1871.

e. D, XX-XXIT 11-13; no ocellus above the pectoral.

Maxillary extending to below middle of

eye; no ocellus on dorsal fin........ 5. geayt, Pellegr., 1903.

Maxillary extending to below anterior 3 of

eye; a large ocellated spot on poste- {1911.

rior part of spinous dorsal.......... 6. dorsocellata, Haseman,

2. Maxillary extending to vertical from anterior margin of eye ;

63 to 70 scales in a lateral longitudinal series, 8 to 12 from

first and 3 to 6 from last dorsal spine to lateral line.

D. XX-XXIII12-13. A.III 8-10. Dia-

meter of eye 4 to 7 in length of head

(in specimens of 90 to 300mm.) .... 7. lacustris, Casteln., 1855,

D, XX-XXII10-11. A.II17-8. Dia-

meter of eye 33 to 4 in length of head 1840.

(in specimens of 98 to 225mm.) .... 8. macrophthalmus, Heck.,

8. Maxillary not extending to vertical from anterior margin of

eye; 57 to 65 scales in a lateral longitudinal series, 6 from

first and 2 (rarely 3) from last dorsal spine to lateral line.

D. (XVII) XX-XXI 10-11 (13). A. IL 7-9.

a. Anterior teeth in 5 or 6 series; no ocellus on dorsal fin,

Last dorsal spine 3 length of head ..,,.. 9. wallacti, Regan, 1905:

500 Mr. C. T. Regan on the Cichlid Fishes

Last dorsal spine scarcely more than }

length of head....... I. sists Spee b sya eee on SARC ae

b, Anterior teeth in 3 or 4 series; a large ocellus near posterior

end of spinous dorsal ...... ll. notophthalmus, sp. n.

B. 72 to 180 scales in a longitudinal series below lateral line.

1, Maxillary not extending to below eye; snout more than 3

length of head.

a. Interorbital width 43 to 5 in length of head.

D. XXII] 13-14. A. III 9-10. 84 to 95

scales in a lateral longitudinal series . 12. oittate, Heck-, 1840.

D. XXIV 14. A.IIL11. 113 scales ina [1862.

lateral longitudinal series ....... ... 13. acutirostrts, Giinth,,

b. Interorbital width about 3 in length of head.

D. XX-XXIT 11-12. A.III9. 72 to 76 (TOUT:

scales in a lateral longitudinal series . 14. cametana, Steind.,

D. XXIV-XXYV 18-14. A. TL9-10. 102 | 1903.

scales in a lateral longitudinal series . 16. multispinosa, Pellegr.,

2. Maxillary extending to below anterior margin of eye or a little’

beyond; snout 4 the length of head or less,

a. Scales above upper lateral line ctenoid, except anteriorly.

D. XXTI-XXIV 15-17. A. HET 10-12.

93 to 108 scales in a lateral longitudinal

series, 14 to 16 between first dorsat

spine and lateral line; snout 33 to 33

in length of head; two dark lateral

stripes ending in a spot on base of

caudal, a third along lateral line, a

fourth connecting a series of rings on ;

each side of thetback . 0. 2.8 sesle 16. strigata, Giinth., 1862.

116 scales in a lateral longitudinal series, 15

between first dorsal spine and lateral

line; snout 33 in length of head; an

irregular brownish band along middle [1903.

of side, another above the lateral line. 17. marmorata, Pellegr.,

106 to 113 scales in a lateral longitudinal

series, 16 or 17 between first dorsal

spine and lateral line; snout 3 to 3}

in length of head; brownish, with a

dark spot above pectoral and another

at ‘base of caudal ic. sins eggs eet 18. lugubris, Teck., 1840,

120 scales in a lateral longitudinal series,

20 between first dorsal spine and

lateral line ; body with dark cross-bars. 19. cincta, Regan, 1905.

6, Seales above upper lateral line nearly all cycloid ; 112 to 180

in a longitudinal series below it. D. XXI-XXIII 17-19.

A. II1 11-12. Blackish spots on head and chest.

Pectoral fin rather less than 3, postorbital

part of head more than } length of

head. A stripe on head behind eye;

a series of spots on spinous dorsal fin ;

a series of narrow vertical bars above

lateral line .......6. bier entetad sees. 20. ornata, Regan, 1905.

of the Genus Crenicichla, 501

Pectoral fin rather more than 3, postorbital

pr of head less than 4 length of head,

Yo stripes on head ; no series of spots

on spinous dorsal; usually a series of

broad blotches below lateral line .... 21. lenticulata, Heck., 1840.

IL. Seales cycloid, small; nostril nearer to end of snout than to eye.

22. johanna, Heck., 1840,

1. Crenicichla lepidota, Heck., 1840.

Haseman, Ann. Carnegie Mus. vii. 1911, p. 347.

Formerly known from the La Plata and Rio Grande do

Sul, this species occurs, according to Haseman, in the Rio

Guaporé and also in the rivers of Eastern Brazil northward

to the Rio San Francisco.

2. Crenicichla saxatilis, Linn.

? Crenicichla jaguarensis, Haseman, Ann. Carnegie Mus. vii. 1911,

p- 351, pl. lx.

Haseman’s type is a specimen of 65 mm. from the Parana;

comparing a specimen of C. sawatilis of this size with his

figure, I cannot see any differences. xamples of this species

from Uruhuasi and the Rio Mambari, Peru, have recently

been added to the British Museum collection.

3. Crenicichla alta, Kigenm., 1912.

Mem. Carnegie Mus, vy. p. 516, pl. Ixviii. fig. 3.

Examples of this form in the British Museum collection

are from the Essequibo (Zhrhardt), Upper Potaro R. (Bo-

vallius), and Rockstone, Nickafaroo, and Gluck Island,

British Guiana (Higenmann).

6. Crenicichla dorsocellata, Haseman, 1911.

Ann, Carnegie Mus. vii. p. 355, pl. Lxiii.

This species is known from a specimen of 180 mm. from

the Rio Parahyba.

7. Crenicichla lacustris, Casteln., 1855.

Batrachops scottti, Eigenm, Proc, Washington Acad. viii. 1907, p. 455,

pl. xxiii. fig. 8

Crenicichla iguassuensis, Haseman, Ann, Carnegie Mus. vii. 1911, p. 352,

pl. Lxi.

The dark bar below the eye shown in the figures of Eigen-

502 Mr. C. T. Regan on the Cichlid Fishes :

mann and Haseman is absent or but faintly indicated in the

specimens I described, but is well marked in three from

Santa Catharina (Hhrhardt) received in 1910.

8. Crenicichla macrophthalmus, Heck., 1840.

Crenicichla santaremensis, Taseman, Ann. Carnegie Mus. vii. 1911,

p. 354, pl. Ixii. fig. 1.

The slight differences from C. macrophthalmus noted by

Haseman are due to the small size of his specimens as

compared with Heckel’s type.

9. Crenicichla wallacit, Regan, 1905.

? Crenicichla macrophthalma, Haseman, Aun. Carnegie Mus. vii. 1911,

p. 353

10. Crenicichla nanus, sp. n.

Depth of body 54 in the length, length of head 3}. Snout

a little shorter than diameter of eye, which is 3} in the length

of head; interorbital width 5. Nostril nearly equidistant

from eye and end of snout. Maxillary not extending to

below eye; anterior teeth forming 5 or 6 series in both jaws.

10 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch. 65 scales ina

longitudinal series below lateral line, 6 from first and 2 from

last dorsal spine to lateral line, 3 between upper and lower

lateral lines. Lateral line 19-23+10-11. Dorsal XX-

XXI11; last spine a little more than 4 the length of head.

Anal III 8. Pectorals 3, pelvics } the length of head.

Caudal peduncle longer than deep. A dark lateral band

from snout through eye to end of caudal fin; a small ocellus

on upper part of base of caudal.

Two specimens, 40 and 45 mm., from British Guiana,

received from Prof. Kigenmann as C. wallacii, from which

they differ especially in the lower dorsal spines. It is

doubtful whether all the specimens recorded by Higenmann

as C’. wallacii (Mem. Carnegie Mus, v. 1912, p. 517) belong

to this species.

11. Crenicichla notophthalmus, sp. n.

Depth of body 5 to 6 in the length, length of head 33.

Snout as long as or a little shorter than diameter of eye,

which is 32 in the length of head ; interorbital width 5 to 6.

Nostril nearly equidistant from eye and end of snout.

Maxillary not extending to below eye; anterior teeth forming

4 series in the upper jaw, 3 in the lower. 9 gill-rakers on

of the Genus Crenicichla. 503

lower part of anterior arch, 65 scales-in a longitudinal series

below lateral line, 6 from first dorsal spine, and 2 or 3 from

last dorsal spine to lateral line, 3 between upper and lower

lateral lines. Lateral line 20-234+9-11. Dorsal XX 10;

last spine less than 2 length of head. AnalIII 8, Pectorals

3, pelvics } length of head. Caudal peduncle longer than

deep. A dark band through eye to operculum ; a large black

ocellus on dorsal fin between the sixteenth and twentieth

spines ; a small dark spot on upper part of base of caudal ;

2 or 3 oblique bars near upper edge of caudal.

Two specimens, 60 and 65 mm. in total length, from the

Amazon at Manaos, presented by Herr A. Rachow.

This species differs from C. wallacii, Regan, in the fewer

teeth, smaller eye, lower dorsal spines, and ocellus on the

dorsal fin.

No doubt this is the species recorded by Haseman from

Santarem as C. dorsocellata (Ann, Carnegie Mus. vii, 1911,

p- 355).

14. Crenictchla cameiana, Steind., 1911.

Anz, Akad. Wien, 1911, p. 369.

This species was described from three examples, 130 to

209 mm. in total length, from the Rio Tocantins.

17. Crenicichla marmorata, Pellegr., 1903.

Crenicichla brasiliensis, var. marmorata, Pellegr, Mém. Soc. Zool.

France, xvi. 1903, p. 383, fig.

Crenicichla marmorata, Pellegr. Bull. Soc. Zool. xxx. 1906, p. 167.

? Crenichla strigata, Haseman, Ann. Carnegie Mus. vii. 1911, p. 355.

Known from a single specimen, 320 mm. in total length,

without locality. Haseman’s examples from Para may be

this species.

20. Crenicichla ornata, Regan, 1906.

Crenicichla lenticulata (part.), Haseman, Ann. Carnegie Mus. vii. 1911,

p. 356.

21. Crenicichla lenticulata, Heck., 1840.

Depth of body 5 in the length, length of head 32. Dia-

meter of eye 5} in length of head, length of snout 34, inter-

orbital width 34. Nostril nearly equidistant from eye and

tip of snout. Maxillary extending to below anterior margin

of eye; depth of preeorbital } diameter of eye. Anterior

504 Mr. O. Thomas on some

teeth forming 6 series in upper jaw, 5 in lower. 10 gill-

rakers on lower part of anterior arch. Scales above upper

lateral line mostly cycloid, but some ctenoid ones quite

posteriorly ; 120 in a longitudinal series below lateral line,

18 from first dorsal spine to lateral line. Lateral line 28+

16. Dorsal XXII 18; last spine nearly } length of head.

Anal IIT 12. Pectoral more than 32, pelvics 3 length of

head. Caudal peduncle much longer than deep. Head and

thorax with blackish spots ; a series of 9 dark blotches from

operculum to base of caudal, confluent below to form an

irregular lateral band ; a blackish spot in axil of pectoral;

some dark spots on soft dorsal and caudal; vertical fins

indistinctly dark-edged.

A specimen of 270 mm. from Manaos, presented in 1911

by HE. Stanley Sutton, Esq.

Probably if specimens of the same size were compared, this

species would have a larger eye than C. ornata. Compared

with the types of the latter the head has a different appear-

ance; the posterior edge of the eye is equidistant from the

end of the snout and of the opercular flap (nearer end of

snout in C. ornata) and the pectoral fin is longer, as long as

the distance from end of bony operculum to anterior edge of

eye (to middle of eye in C. ornata). The depth of the caudal

peduncle is less than the distance from end of dorsal to base

of caudal (more in C. ornata). The coloration of the two

forms is notably different.

22. Crenicichla johanna, Heck., 1840.

Orenicichla johanna, var. carsevennensis, Pellegr. Bull. Soc, Zool. France,

xxx. 1906, p. 168.

Pellegrin describes the variety carsevennensis as differing

from typical johanna only in having two dark lateral bands.

LXI.—On some Mammals from Bali and Mysol, collected by

Mr. E. Stresemann during the “ Freiburger Molukken-

Expedition.” By OLDFIELD 'THomAs, F.R.S.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

THANKS to the kindness of Mr. E. Stresemann I have had

the opportunity of working out the mammals which he

obtained during his recent exploring expedition to the

Moluceas, and now give descriptions of such of them as seem

Mammals from Bali and Mysol. 505

to be new. These are mainly from Bali, an island whence

but few mammals have come to Europe. As might be

expected, they are all closely allied to Javan forms, but are

in each case subspecifically separable.

The Mysol kangaroo proves also to need a special name.

A full list of Mr. Stresemann’s collections will be given

later in connection with the general account of the expedition.

All the specimens referred to have been most generously

presented to the British Museum by Mr. Stresemann.

Tupaia javanica balina, subsp. n.

Similar in essential characters to true javanica, but

smaller, and the colour—in January—of the comparatively

warmer browner tone of August javanica, the latter being in

January clearer olive-grey.

General colour above grizzled brown, nearest to “ mummy-

brown”’; under surface clay-colour on belly, the hairs slaty

basally, buffy on throat and axilla. Shoulder-streak and

orbital rings well marked. Hands and feet brown, not so

grey as in javanica; inner side of hind limbs washed with

buffy whitish. Tail like body, the middle of the under

surface suffused with cinnamon.

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :—

Head and body 117 mm.; tail 153; hind foot 34; ear 15.

(Skull lost.)

Hab, Gunong Bratan, Bali. Alt. 4000”.

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 13. 3.6.12. Original

number 10. Collected 27th January, 1911.

This Tupaia, collected in January, is strikingly different

from any of the long series from Java obtained in that same

month by Mr. Shortridge and presented to the Museum by

Mr. Balston. Curiously enough, however, it is not unlike

one killed in August at Buitenzorg, but what the Bali form

turns to in August we have as yet no evidence to show. In

size the Bali Tupaia has a hind foot from 2-4 mm, shorter

than that of true yavanica.

Sciurus notatus stresemanni, subsp. n.

Most nearly allied to S. n. madure, Thos., but the colour

throughout much more buffy.

General colour above approaching “ clay-colour,” less grey

than in madure, paler aud more buffy than in true notatus.

Under surface rather more strongly ochraceous than in

madure, much more so than in notatus. Head everywhere

more warmly suffused with buffy or clay-colour, so that the

506 Mr. O. Thomas on some

narrow orbital rings are little conspicuous, very different t9

the broad and conspicuously contrasted rings of balstoni.

Fars dark behind, their inner surface and the area round

their bases dark clay-colour. Hands and feet grizzled grey.

Tail throughout mtich more suffused with dark buffy than in

madure, the under surface, instead of being only buffy at its

base, dark buffy for its whole length, while even on the upper

surface a strong suffusion of the same colour is perceptible,

the hairs being ringed with black and buffy instead of black

and grey as in the allied form.

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :—

Head and body 198 mm. ; tail 187; hind foot 43 ; ear 91.

Skull: greatest length 47°3; condylo-incisive length 43;

p to m?® 9,

Hab. Bolleleng, Bali. Coast-level.

Type. Aduit male. B.M. no, 13.3, 6.15. Original num-

ber 8. Collected 12th Jauuary, 1911,

Considering the local plasticity of S. notatus, it is quite

natural to find the Bali representative cf the group distin-

guishable from the Maduran and from both the Javan forms

of thespecies. Curiously enough, this animal is almost more

similar to the typical S. notatus of Buttenzorg than to the

geographically nearer subspecies madure, but is readily

distinguishable by its more buffy colour and especially its

more ochraceous under surface.

Mr. Stresemann tells me that he found this squirrel very

common in Bali.

Ratufa bicolor baliensis, subsp. n.

Like true Javan bicolor, with the following exceptions :—

Dark colour of the forearms not passing up on to the

shoulders, the blackish shoulders being a very marked

character in all the specimens seen of bicolor. Back drabby

cream-colour, paler than in any dzcolor, but how much this

colour is the result of bleaching cannot be stated; it is,

however, paler than the most bleached part of the back of

bicolor, and matches the pale colour of the crown. Under

surface more brightly buffy than in most R, bicolor, Feet

with the buffy metapodial markings ata minimum. ‘Tail-

hairs with their buffy ends hardly more than onesthird the

length of their dark basal portion, while in bicolor the two

portions approach equality.

Skull as in true bicolor, its size much less than in &. bicolor

major, Miller.

Dimensions of the type :—

Hind foot 70 mm.; ear 23,

Mammals from Bali and Mysol. 507

Skull: greatest length 70; condylo-incisive length 64 ;

zygomatic breadth 43°6 ; upper tooth-series 13:7.

Hab. Bali. Type from Tjetoekambawang ; coast-level.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 13.3.6.18. Original num-

ber 12. Collected 31st March, 1911.

Should the pale colour of the fore back, nearly matching

the crown, be not due entirely to bleaching (and the hairs

mostly have their points perfect, showing that they are not

very worn), this Bali Ratufa is even more distinct from the

Javan one than I am now able positively to state. But in

any case it is distinguishable by the absence of the prominent

blackening of the shoulders and by the reduction in length of

the yellow ends to the tail-hairs. In working it out, I have

been able to examine more than a score of excellent specimens

of FR. Licolor, presented to the Museum by Mr. W. E. Balston ;

these covering the time of year at which the Bali specimen

was killed,

Dorcopsis mysolie, sp. n.

Dorcopsis miilleri, Thos, Cat. Mavs. B. M. p. 87 * (1888), nee Schlegel.

Like D. veterum, Less.f, in all essential respects, but

markedly smaller, the skull of an old male only 121 mm. in

greatest length, as compared with 145 mm. in the specimen

of the New Guinea form described by Schlegel.

Other dimensions and details as in the Catalogue (J. ¢.).

Type. Old male. B.M, no, 61. 12. 11. 22. Collected by

Dr. A. R. Wallace, Specimen 6 of the Catalogue.

A comparison of Schlegel’s figures and dimensions of the

Dorcopsis veterum of the mainland of New Guinea with

Wallace’s and Mr, Stresemann’s examples of the Mysol form

shows that the latter is so much smaller than the former as

to constitute a distinct insular species. A detailed description

of it has already been given in the ‘ Catalogue of Marsupials,’

and need not be repeated here,

Mr. Stresemann’s collection contains a skull of this

kangaroo from Mysol, and in determining it my attention has

been drawn to the above facts.

* Exclusive of the synonymy, the external dimensions of the male, and

of specimen a.

+ According to modern ideas on nomenclature, there would seem to

be no justification for the supersession of veterwm in favour of Schlegel’s

name miillert. However erroneous Lesson’s reasons were for selecting

the name veterwm, his description was based on a living specimen obtained

at Dorey, N.W. New Guinea, and his name must stand, with that place

as type locality. Schlegel’s examples of “ Dorcopsis miilleri” were

collected at Lobo Bay,

508 Bibliographical Notice.

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTICE.

Catalogue of the Chiroptera in the Collection of the British Museum.

(Second Edition.) By Knup Anpursen. Vol. I. Megachiroptera.

London: the Trustees of the British Museum. 1912.

Dr. Knup Anpsrsen in this volume has set a new standard of

perfection in the preparation of catalogues of zoological specimens.

The British Museum long since showed the way in which this

most necessary but arduous work should be done, but Dr. Andersen

has introduced features which add immensely io the value of such

publications.

Hitherto such catalogues have been purely systematic in their

scope. Dr. Andersen has introduced the leaven of evolution, and

substitutes phylogeny for taxonomy, or, rather, his taxonomy is

determined by the revelations of phylogeny, so far as these can be

traced. In selecting a basis for classification he has—and rightly—

discriminated between “ fixed” and “ plastic” characters, which

last, of course, include secondary sexual characters.

He devotes a section to the diseussion of the inter-relations of

genera, which will prove exceedingly valuable to future workers,

and another to geographical distribution. This last will appeal

‘to many who are not directly interested in the bats from a taxo-

nomic point of view; and the same is true of the exceedingly

valuable facts which he has brought together under the heading of

life-histories. Since these last are not appended to every species,

we take it that where they are omitted nothing is known on this

head. It should be the aim of every student of this group of bats

to fill up these gaps.

Nominally, this is asecond edition of Dobson’s ‘ Catalogue of the

Chiroptera in the British Museum,’ 1878: in reality, it is an inde-

pendent work. Nothing remains, indeed, save the title. How

great an advance in our knowledge of these animals has been made

during the last thirty-five years may be gathered from the fact that

in Dobson’s volume only 425 species were known, to-day the number

reaches 1470. :

The illustrations furnish another striking feature of this volume,

for they are both numerous and of quite exceptional excellence—a

result due in part to Dr. Andersen’s fine discrimination and in part to

Mr. Terzis masterly draughtsmanship.

In this bulky volume Dr. Andersen includes only the Macro-

chiroptera. We look forward to the issue of further volumes.

THE ANNALS

MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY.

(LKIGHTH SERIES.]

No. 66. JUNE 1913.

LXII.— Descriptions of new Species of Pyralide of the

Subfamily Pyraustine. By Sir Gzorcz F. Hampson,

Bart., F.Z.8S., &c.

[Continued from p. 342. ]

Genus PascHIoDEs, nov.

Proboscis fully developed ; palpi rostriform, downcurved,

extending about twice the length of head, the third joint

hidden in hair; maxillary palpi filiform; frons flat and

oblique ; antenne of male slightly annulate and nearly

simple ; legs and tibial spurs rather long. Fore wing rather

elongate triangular; veins 3 and 5 from near angle of cell ;

6 from well below angle; 7 from angle, straight and well

separated from 8, 9 which are stalked; 10, 11 from cell.

Hind wing with vein 3 from angle of cell; 4, 5 moderately

stalked ; 6, 7 from upper angle, 8 anastomosing with 7 to

two-thirds of wing.

Paschiodes mesoleucalis, sp. n.

Head, thorax, and abdomen white, the head and base of

tegule tinged with brown; palpi blackish, white at base ;

tarsi ringed with fuscous. Fore wing white tinged with

pale reddish brown, especially on basal half of costal area

and postmedial area, the medial area whiter; slight blackish

subbasal streaks below costa and in cell, followed by some

blackish irroration; the first line almost medial, black,

erect, angled outwards on median nervure and vein 1;

blackish bars in end of cell and on discocellulars, expanding

Ann, & Mag, N, Hist, Ser, 8, Vol, xi. an

510 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

into slight streaks at upper and lower extremities; post-

medial line black, forming a spot on costa, irregularly

waved, incurved at discal fold, below vein 3 bent upwards to

lower angle of cell, retracted to origin of vein 2 and at vein 1

angled inwards almost to the first line; subterminal line

indistinct, blackish, diffused, angled outwards below costa

and inwards in discal and submedian folds ; a terminal series

of small black spots ; cilia with series of slight fuscous striz

at middle. Hind wing white with faint diffused fuscous

subterminal band except towards tornus; a black terminal

line.

Hab. Transvaat (Cholmley), 2 3, 1 2, Johannesburg

(Ross), 1 2 ; C. Corony, Transkei (Miss F. Barrett), 1 ?

type. Exp. 24 mm.

(3) Parbattia ethiopicalis, sp. n.

@. Head and tegule ochreous mixed with black ; palpi

whitish at base ; thorax white and black mixed; abdomen

whitish slightly tinged with fuscous and with lateral series

of blackish spots. Fore wing silvery white slightly tinged

with ochreous and thickly irrorated with black ; a small

wedge-shaped black mark below base of cell; a subbasal

whitish mark from cell to inner margin ; the first line nearly

medial, black defined by white on inner side, angled out-

wards on median nervure and vein 1 ; a diffused black spot

in end of cell and discoidal bar; postmedial line black

slightly defined by whitish on outer side, somewhat dentate,

strongly incurved at discal fold, at vein 2 retracted to cell

and obsolescent, then incurved; subterminal line whitish

defined on inner side by fuscous suffusion, angled inwards

at discal fold, excurved at middle and in submedian inter-

space incurved to below postmedial line; a terminal series

of blackish spots ; cilia white with a diffused fuscous line

through them. Hind wing silvery white, the terminal area

very faintly tinged with brown; a dark terminal line ; the

underside with faint discoidal spot and curved postmedial

line from costa to vein 2.

Hab. Br. E. Arrica, Uganda Ry., Mile 478 (Betton), 1 ¢

type. Hzxp. 40 mm.

(la) Nomophila albisignalis, sp. n.

2. Head, thorax, and abdomen red-brown; tibie and

tarsi with slight blackish rings. Fore wing red-brown

slightly irrorated with black; a slight blackish subbasal

line angled outwards in cell; antemedial line almost obsolete

Species of Pyralidee. 511

except a blackish bar from vein 1 to inner margin; an

oblique white bar defined on each side by black lines across

upper part of extremity of cell expanding into an obscure

spot with minute white spots at sides in lower part of cell ;

postmedial line very indistinct, blackish, angled outwards

below costa, below vein 5 incurved to lower edge of spot in

cell, then almost obsolete ; subterminal line whitish slightly

defined by blackish on inner side, angled outwards at vein 7,

incurved at discal fold, then excurved, strongly incurved

and almost obsolete below vein 3 ; a terminal series of black

points. Hind wing pale red-brown ; slight diffused fuscous

spots at angles of cell ; an oblique postmedial black striga

on vein 2 ; postmedial line indistinct, fuscous, sinuous, from

costa to termen at vein 1; cilia pale rufous with fuscous

spot at vein 2 and blackish line through them and blackish

tips towards tornus ; the underside irrorated with black.

Hab. Br. E, Arrica, Udimu (Betton), 1 2 type. ap.

40 mm.

(3) Nomophila squalidalis, sp. n.

?. Head and thorax dull brown ; palpi white at base ;

abdomen greyish brown; pectus, legs, and ventral surface

of abdomen whitish. Fore wing dull yellowish brown

sparsely irrorated with black ; traces of an obliquely curved

antemedial line formed by a few black scales ; a whitish

discoidal spot defined by some black scales on inner side and

by an obscure fuscous bar on outer; a postmedial black

point on costa ; traces of a postmedial line excurved be-

tween veins 5 and 2, then retracted to near origin of vein 2

and erect to inner margin; the area between upper angle

of cell and apex irrorated with black and white scales

forming very obscure streaks ; two black points on costa

towards apex and a terminal series ; cilia brownish white

with a dark line near base. Hind wing semihyaline brownish

white, the terminal area tinged with brown towards apex ;

a slight black terminal line ; cilia brownish white.

Hab. Arcentina, Gran Chaco, Florenzia (Wagner), 1 3

type, Eap. 20 mm.

(La) Pachyzanela albicilia, sp. n.

Fore femora of male fringed above with long hair towards

base and with curled tuft of hair towards extremity.

¢. Head, thorax, and abdomen glossy brown; palpi at

base, pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen white,

the fore tibiz with brown patch at extremity. Fore wing

35*

512 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

glossy brown; traces of an oblique antemedial line ; post-

medial line indistinct, dark, excurved from costa to vein 2

where it is retracted, then erect ; cilia paler at tips. Hind

wing glossy brown; a slight dark terminal line; cilia pure

white at tips ; the underside whitish tinged with brown.

Hab. Peru, Pozuzo, Lg type. Hxp. 26 mm.

(12 a) Pachyzancla aprepia, sp. n.

Head and thorax brown ; palpi at base, pectus, and legs

white, the fore tibize with brown band at extremity ;

abdomen white dorsally tinged with brown and with sub-

dorsal blackish poiuts on second segment. Fore wing pale

brown ; a somewhat oblique dark antemedial line defined on

inner side by whitish; a blackish point in middle of cell

and discoidal bar ; postmedial line dark defined on outer

side by whitish, incurved to vein 5, then bent outwards to

vein 2, then retracted to below end of cell and excurved

above inner margin. Hind wing pale brown; a dark dis-

coidal striga ; postmedial line dark defined on outer side by

whitish, bent outwards between veins 5 and 2, then retracted

to below end of cell and oblique to inner margin; a dark

terminal line ; the underside whitish.

Hab. Gazauanpn, Chirinda Forest (Marshall), 1 3,2 2 ;

Mauritius, 1 ¢ type. Hap. 28 mm.

(12¢) Pachyzancla albivitta, sp. n.

&. Head, thorax, and abdomen grey-brown ; palpi black,

white below ; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen

white, the fore tibiz with fuscous band at extremity, the

genital tufts rufous. Fore wing pale grey-brown; an

indistinct sinuous antemedial line with diffused white fascia

from it to postmedial line below the cell; a small blackish

discoidal spot; postmedial line dark, at vein 3 bent inwards

to vein 2 below end of cell, then erect ; a fine dark line near

base of cilia. Hind wing whitish suffused with brown;

postmedial line indistinct, slightly bent outwards between

veins 5 and 2, then retracted to below end of cell; cilia

whitish with a fine brown line near base ; the underside

white.

Hab. Perv, La Oroya (Ockenden), 1 3 type. Exp.

32 mm,

(17 a) Pachyzancla brunnealis, sp. un.

Pale red-brown ; palpi and frons fuscous, the former

white at base. Fore wing with the costal area tinged with

Species of Pyralide. 513

fuscous to the postmedial line; a black antemedial line bent

inwards to costa ; a point in middle of cell and discoidal

lunule; the postmedial line bent outwards and minutely

dentate between veins 5 and 2, then retracted to below end

of cell and slightly excurved again; the terminal area

broadly fuscous brown. Hind wing with black discoidal

point ; the postmedial line bent outwards and minutely

dentate between veins 5 and 2; the terminal area tinged

with fuscous, broadly at costa, narrowing to tornus.

Hab. Gotv Coast, Accra (Carter), 1 2 ; S. Nigeria,

Sapele (Sampson), 1 g type, Warri (Roth), 1 9,192;

Comoro Is., Mayotta (Meade-Waldo),1 3. Exp. 20 mm.

(18 ¢) Pachyzancla pallidalis, sp. n.

Whitish slightly tinged with ochreous ; head, tegule, and

patagia and prothorax in front fuscous brown ; abdomen

with subdorsal black points at base of third segment, the

extremity dorsally tinged with brown. Fore wing with the

costal and terminal areas broadly brown ; a curved brown

antemedial line ; a spot in middle of cell and discoidal

lunule ; the postmedial line bent outwards and sometimes

minutely dentate between veins 5 and 2, then retracted to

below end of cell and slightly excurved again. Hind wing

with discoidal point ; the postmedial line strongly bent

outwards and minutely dentate between veins 5 and 2;

a terminal brown band wide at costa and narrowing to

tornus.

The African specimens have rather less brown on pro-

thorax and costal area of fore wing.

Hab. Gorp Coast, Kumasi (Whiteside),1 2 ; S. Nicerta,

Lagos (Dudgeon), 1 2, Old Calabar (Sampson), 1 ¢ , Sapele

(Sampson), 1 9, Warri (Roth),1 g ; Camuroons (Sjostedt),

1 ¢ ; Ucanpa, Kampala (Ansorge), 1 g ; Narat (Gooch),

2 2; AmBoina (Doherty),1 g ; Barcutan (Doherty), 1 9 ;

TenimBER (Doherty), 1 3 type; Woop.ark I. (Meek), 19;

Lovisiapes, Fergusson I. (leek), 2 2, St. Aignan (Meek),

1¢. Eap. 18-24 mm.

(18 d) *Pachyzancla geminalis, sp. n.

Reddish ochreous ; palpi, frons, and shoulders brown, the

first .white below; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of

abdomen white. Fore wing with the costal area tinged

with fuscous to beyond middle; an indistinct blackish

antemedial line from cell to inner margin; a prominent

black point in cell and two on discocellulars ; the postmedial

514 ‘ Sir G. F. Hampson on new

line minutely waved, indistinct, curved from costa to vein 3,

then retracted to below angle of cell and oblique to inner

margin ; termen tinged with fuscous. Hind wing with deep

black discoidal point; the postmedial line indistinct, bent

outwards and minutely waved between veins 5 and 2; the

termen suffused with fuscous except towards tornus, and

with a fine black terminal line.

Hab. QurEnsuann (Mackay). Eap. 26 mm. Type in

Coll. Rothschild.

(18 e) Pachyzancla atritermina, sp. n.

Head, thorax, and abdomen ochreous with a slight rufous

tinge, the vertex of head whiter; palpi black above, white

below ; third segment of abdomen with small subdorsal

black spots. Fore wing ochreous slightly tinged with

rufous; a black point on inner margin near base ; ante-

medial line blackish with black bar trom costa, oblique to

submedian fold ; a small black spot in middle of cell and

larger discoidal spot; postmedial line blackish with small

black spot at costa, bent outwards and slightly waved be-

tween veins 4 and 2, then retracted to below end of cell; a

distinct black terminal line. Hind wing ochreous faintly

tinged with rufous ; a black discoidal spot ; postmedial line

blackish, slightly incurved at discal fold, bent outwards

between veins 4 and 2, then retracted to below end of cell ;

a distinct black terminal line.

Hab. Br. E. Arrica, Taveta (Rogers), 2 ¢ type; Bomsay,

1S. Hap. 20 mm.

(20d) Pachyzancla simillima, sp. n.

Head and thorax greyish ochreous tinged with fuscous

brown ; palpi fuscous aboye, white below ; pectus and legs

pale ochreous; abdomen greyish ochreous with subdorsal

fuscous points on third segment, the ventral surface white.

Fore wings greyish ochreous tinged with fuscous brown, the

terminal area darker, the costal edge fuscous to beyond

middle; antemedial line indistinct, fuscous, oblique from

costa to submedian fold ; a small blackish spot in middle of

celi and larger discoidal spot; postmedial line fuscous, in-

curved from costa to vein 5, bent outwards and minutely

waved to vein 2, then retracted to below end of cell and

oblique to inner margin. Hind wing greyish ochreous

tinged with fuscous brown; a blackish discoidal point ;

postmedial line fuscous, incurved to discal fold, bent out-

wards and minutely waved between veins 5 and 2, then

Species of Pyralide. 515

retracted to below end of cell and oblique to above tornus ;

a faint subterminal shade; cilia with a fine pale line at

base.

Hab. D’Enrrecastreaux Is., Fergusson I. (Meek), 2 3,

1 ¢ type. Hap. 22 mm.

Extremely like P. licarsisalis except in structure.

(26) Pachyzancla xanthomela, sp. n.

Filodes hesusalis, Druce, Biol. Centr.-Am., Het. ii. p. 263 (nee Wlk.).

Head and thorax orange ; palpi white at base ; pectus and

legs brown, the tarsi banded with white ; abdomen with the

three basal segments orange, the other segments black with

orange segmental lines, the ventral surface wholly black.

Fore wing orange, the terminal area from just beyond the

cell black with a purplish tinge, its inner edge angled out-

wards beyond lower angle of cell; cilia black chequered

with whitish at tips. Hind wing orange, the terminal half

black with a purplish tinge, its inner edge slightly angled at

submedian fold; cilia black mixed with whitish at tips.

Hab. Guatemata, San Gerénimo (Champion), 2 3,1 2,

Duefias (Champion), 2 3, Purula (Champion), 1 ¢ type;

Costa Rica, Candalaria Mts. (Underwood), 1 2, Godman-

Salvin Coll. ; Panama. zp. 18-20 mm.

(27) Pachyzancla aurea, sp. nu.

Lygropia unicoloralis, Druce, Biol. Centr.-Am., Het. ii. p. 254 (part.),

nec Guen,

Orange ; palpi white at base; legs whitish. Fore wing

with faint oblique antemedial line ; a slight discoidal striga ;

postmedial line faint, excurved from discal fold to vein 3,

then bent inwards to below end of cell and erect to inner

margin. Hind wing with faint oblique line from beyond

lower angle of cell to near termen at submedian fold.

Hab. Mexico, Presidio (Forrer), 1 g type ; GuATEMALA,

S. Gerénimo (Champ/‘on),1 ¢,Godman-Salvin Coll. Ezp.,

3 18, 2 20 mm.

(28) Pachyzancla holochrysis, sp. n.

Lygropia unicoloralis, Druce, Biol. Centr.-Am., Het. ii. p, 254 (part.),

nec Guen.

2. Orange: palpi white at base; fore femora above,

the tibize and tarsi blackish. Wings without markings, the

hind wing slightly paler.

Hab. Mexico, Guerrero, Amula (H. H. Smith), 1 2 type,

Godman-Salvin Coll. Ezp, 22 mm.

516 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

(29) Pachyzancla nigripalpis, sp. n.

Lygropa unteoloralis, Druce, Biol. Centr.-Am., Het. ii. p. 254 (part.),

nec Guen.

6. Orange; palpi black; legs black; abdomen with the

ventral surface black except at extremity. Wings without

markings, the hind wing somewhat paler and semihyaline.

?. Deeper orange, the fore legs only black, the ventral

surface of abdomen white.

Hab. Mexico, Milpas (Forrer),1 ¢ type; GuaTEemata,

Zapote (Champion), 1 2, Godman-Salvin Coll. Ezp., 5 28,

$ 26 mm.

(30) Pachyzancla straminea, sp. 0.

Lygropia unicoloralis, Druce, Biol. Centr.-Am., Het. ii. p. 254 (part.),

nec Guen.

¢. Orange-yellow; palpi with the third joint black ; fore

femora above and the fore and mid tibiz and tarsi black.

Wings without markings; fore wing with the costal edge

black towards base; hind wing somewhat paler and slightly

semihyaline.

Hab. Mexico, Guerrero, Omilteme (H. H. Smith), 1 3

type, Godman-Salvin Coll. Eazp. 32 mm.

(3) Rhectosomia perelongata, sp. nu.

6. Head and thorax rufous; frons and tarsi whitish ;

abdomen dark reddish brown; the two basal segments

ochreous and rufous. Fore wing very narrow and elongate ;

rufous mixed with greyish; a very indistinct blackish ante-

medial line, excurved in .cell, then oblique, a triangular

greyish mark beyond it in cell; a greyish bar across end of

cell with oblique band from it to inner margin, some black

irroration before it ; postmedial line slight, dark, bent out-

wards below costa, acutely dentate to vein 6, sharply angled

inwards in discal fold, bent outwards between vein 5 and

submedian fold to near termen, then bent inwards, some

yellow streaks beyond it below costa and above and below

vein 5, and three spots beyond the excurved portion ; a fine

whitish terminal line; cilia blackish with whitish line at

middle. Hind wing semibyaline whitish, the terminal area

suffused with red-brown ; a waved fuscous postmedial line ;

a minutely waved fuscous subterminal line, sharply angled

inwards at discal fold, bent outwards from vein 5 to sub-

median fold, then incurved ; cilia whitish at base, dark at

tips. -

Hab. Prrv, Oconeque (Ockenden), 1 gS type. Hap.

32 mm.

Species of Pyralide. 517

(4) Rhectosomia tumidicosta, sp. n.

¢. Head and thorax red-brown mixed with grey-white

and some black; abdomen brownish grey with black seg-

mental bands. Fore wing with the costa highly arched

towards apex, brownish grey suffused in parts with red-

brown and irrorated with black; an indistinct black ante-

medial line defined on outer side by grey, bent outwards

below costa, then waved, and bent inwards above inner

margin to near base; an oblique pale mark in middle of

cell and a narrow ochreous discoidal lunule defined at sides

by black; medial part of costa ochreous with a red-brown

spot above end of cell ; a black line defined on inner side by

ochreous and excurved from lower angle of cell to submedian

fold, then bent inwards and defined on outer side by ochreous

to inner margin ; postmedial line defined on outer side by

ochreous and with aslight black streak before it above vein 6,

red-brown and oblique towards costa, then blackish, inwardly

oblique and crenulate ; some red-brown suffusion on terminal

area below apex and at submedian fold; a terminal series

of black points. Hind wing creamy white, some brown

suffusion and dark irroration on termen extending as a

streak below vein 2 halfway to the cell; the underside

with the costal and inner areas tinged with brown and

irrorated with blackish.

Hab. W. Coxtomsia, San Antonio (Palmer), 1 ¢ type.

Exp. 38 mm.

(la) Phlyctenodes uniformis, sp. n.

ind tibiz of male with the outer spurs minute ; fore

wing with a large fovea below the cell covered by a fan of

scales on underside and a large fovea beyond upper angle

of cell.

6. Head and thorax red-brown; palpi white at base ;

legs red-brown; pectus and abdomen brownish white.

Fore wing uniform red-brown. Hind wing brownish white.

Hab. Jaran, Sakata (Leech), 1 g type. Eap. 22 mm.

(5a) Philyctenodes conisphora, sp. n.

Spilodes helvialis, Druce, Biol. Centr.-Am., Het. ii. p. 267 (part.).

Pachyzancla detritalis, Druce, Biol. Centr.-Am., Het. ii. p. 222 (part.).

Pachyzancla grisealis, Druce, Biol, Centr.-Am., Het. ii. p. 222 (part.).

Head, thorax, and abdomen ochreous tinged with rufous ;

palpi blackish at sides, white below towards base. Fore

wing ochreous more or less irrorated with fuscous; ante-

medial line fuscous, arising at subcostal nervure and oblique

SSS aaa

——E

518 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

to vein 1; a black point in middle of cell and slight discoidal

lunule ; postmedial line fuscous, oblique to vein 6, then

dentate and excurved to vein 3, at vein 2 angled inwards to

below end of cell and again angled outwards at submedian

fold; an indistinct dentate fuscous subterminal line; a

fuscous terminal line; cilia brown with an ochreous line at

base. Hind wing pale ochreous; a slight dark mark at

lower angle of cell; postmedial line fuscous, minutely

dentate to submedian fold and obsolescent on inner area;

an indistinct dark dentate subterminal line with brownish

suffusion beyond it ; a dark terminal line from apex to sub-

median fold; cilia with a brown line near base except

towards tornus.

Hab. Mexico, Tabasco, Teapa (H. H. Smith),1 3; Guate-

MALA, Irazu (Rogers), 1 3,192, Duenas (Champion), 2 3

type, Calderas (Champion), 1 ¢,Godman-Salvin Coll. Eup.

22-24 mm.

(8b) Phlyctenodes microdontalis, sp. n.

@. Head and thorax yellowish suffused with rufous ; palpi

white at base ; pectus and legs whitish, the fore legs rufous

in front ; abdomen yellowish, dorsally tinged with fulvous.

Fore wing pale yellow, the costal half tinged with rufous ;

traces of a discoidal lunule ; postmedial line pale brownish,

very minutely dentate, excurved from costa to vein 4, then

oblique. Hind wing pale yellow with traces of a curved

postmedial line from costa to vein 4.

Hab. Br. E. Arrica, Taveta (Rogers), 1 9; C. Cotony,

Annshaw (Miss F. Barrett), 1 2 type. Eap. 32 mm.

(164) Phlyctenodes bifilalis, sp. n.

Fore wing with the termen slightly excised below apex and

excurved at middle.

Head and thorax bright rufous; palpi white at base;

pectus and legs white, the fore femora and tibiz tinged with

rufous; abdomen white dorsally suffused with rufous. Fore

wing yellowish suffused with rufous; the veins streaked

with rufous ; a slight oblique rufous subbasal line ; ante-

medial line rufous, oblique from costa to median nervure,

then inwardly oblique ; aslight discoidal lunule; postmedial

line obliquely excurved from costa to vein 2, then oblique ;

an indistinct waved subterminal line ; a terminal series of

slight black points ; ciliadark brown. Hind wing yellowish

white, the termen tinged with rufous ; a dark brown ter-

minal line from apex to yein 2; cilia whitish, with brown

Species of Pyralidee. 519

line through them from apex to middle, where there is a

brown patch,

Hab. Br. Guiana, Potaro R. (Kaye), 2 3 type. Lzxp.

24 mm,

(28a) Phlyctenodes nigrirenalis, sp. n.

?. Head and thorax greyish tinged with brown ; palpi

white below ; pectus and legs white, the fore legs brownish

in front ; abdomen white dorsally tinged with brown, leaving

slight white segmental lines. Fore wing whitish tinged with

brown ; an antemedial black spot below cell, with point

obliquely placed above it in cell ; a black discoidal lunule ;

postmedial line dentate, bent outwards between veins 6 and 3,

then retracted to below angle of cell and oblique to inner

margin ; the terminal area suffused with blackish, expanding

inwards to the postmedial line at vein 6; a terminal series

of black points ; cilia fuscous. Hind wing whitish tinged

with brown especially towards termen ; cilia whitish with a

dark line near base.

Hab. N. Australia, Baudin I. (J. J. Walker), 1 9 type.

Exp. 22 mm.

(29 a) Phlyctenodes distictalis, sp. n.

?. Head and thorax ochreous yellow ; palpi rufous, white

below ; pectus and legs white, the fore tibie with fuscous

band at extremity ; abdomen white, dorsally tinged with

yellow except at base. Fore wing ochreous yellow, the

costal area slightly tinged with rufous; a black point in

middle of cell and another at lower angle ; faint traces of a

curved postmedial line. Hind wing white tinged with yellow ;

the underside with indistinct curved dark postmedial line

from costa to vein 2 and terminal series of minute points.

from apex to vein 2.

Hab. Basvtotann, Mohalishoek (Crawshay), 1 9? type.

Exp. 26 mm.

(37 a) *Phlyctenodes pheopteralis, sp. n.

2. Fuscous brown; palpi below, pectus, legs, and ventral

surface of abdomen white. Fore wing with slightly oblique

black antemedial line, very slightly bent inwards to costa

and defined on inner side by yellowish white; black points

in middle of cell and on discocellulars, with a quadrate

yellowish-white spot between them; the postmedial black

line minutely dentate, strongly excurved between veins 5

520 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

and 2, then retracted to below end of cell, defined by

yellowish white on onter side, expanding into patches

towards costa and in the sinus below vein 2. Hind wing

with discoidal black point; the postmedial line indistinct,

strongly excurved between veins 5 and 2, then oblique to

above tornus, and slightly defined by whitish on outer side ;

a fine pale line at base of cilia, which have their tips whitish

between veins 2 and 1.

Hab. Ron I. (Doherty). Exp. 30 mm. Type in Coll.

Rothschild,

(43 6) Phlyctenodes flavivenalis, sp. n.

¢. Head, thorax, and abdomen red-brown mixed with

yellow; palpi white at base. Fore wing pale olive-brown

mixed with red-brown ; the veins rather paler, becoming pale

yellow on terminal area; a fine black streak in submedian

fold to below origin of vein 2; a faint dark subbasal streak

below vein 1 and streak above middle of inner margin; the

cell pale, with elongate brown orbicular stigma defined by

black and discoidal lunule also defined by black ; slight

wedge-shaped black marks above bases of veins beyond the

cell; a narrow yellow band before the fine dark terminal

line; cilia pale yellow, with fine dark line near base and

slight dark tips. Hind wing fulvous yellow, the veins

slightly tinged with brown; a brown discoidal spot; a

curved, minutely dentate, postmedial line angled inwards at

vein 2; a diffused brown subterminal line and black ter-

minal line ; cilia pale, with blackish line at base, the tips

tinged with brown ; the underside fulvous yellow, the veins

tinged with brown, traces of discoidal spot, curved post-

medial line, and diffused subterminal line.

Hab. Bacupap (Loftus), 1 3 type. zp. 38 mm.

(43 c) Phlyctenodes cresusalis, sp. n.

Head and thorax yellow tinged with rufous ; palpi dark

brown, white below; frons dark brown, with lateral white

streaks ; pectus whitish ; legs fuscous streaked with whitish ;

abdomen yellow. Fore wing yellow suffused with rufous to

postmedial line, deepest on costal area; a diffused blackish

discoidal spot; postmedial line fuscous, diffused and con-

fluent with a triangular brown patch on apical part of costa,

slightly excurved towards costa, then very oblique to middle

of inner margin; a fine black terminal line with a rufous

tinge on inner side; cilia grey tinged with fuscous. Hind

Species of Pyralide. 521

wing golden yellow, with rather diffused, curved, fuscous

postmedial line from costa to snbmedian fold ; some fuscous

suffusion at apex; a slight blackish terminal line; cilia

fuscous at base, whitish at tips; the underside with the

costal area tinged with rufous. :

Hab. Nara, Estcourt (Hutchinson), 1 2? ; Carr Corony,

Transkei (Miss F. Barrett), 1 @, Kokstad (Mrs. Pringle),

1 g type. Kap. f 28 mm.

(50a) Phlyctenodes pictalis, sp. n.

g. Head and thorax pale yellow; tegule and patagia

with blood-red fascia on outer edge; palpi blackish, white at

base; pectus and legs fuscous mixed with whitish; abdomen

whitish suffused with fuscous. Fore wing pale sulphur-

yellow; the costal area with blood-red fascia to beyond

middle, expanding into a patch beyond cell, the costal edge

blackish ; a slight blood-red streak in cell from middle to

extremity, with an elongate black and silvery spot on it at

middle of cell and small black and silvery discoidal lunule ;

a blood-red streak below the cell from before middle to extre-

mity; an oblique incurved black and silvery medial line from

below cell to inner margin, defined on each side by blood-

red ; postmedial line black and silvery, very oblique, from

costa near apex to inner margin, with blood-red band on its

outer edge, irrorated with black towards apex ; a fine black

terminal line ; cilia blood-red. Hind wing yellowish white

tinged with brown ; a curved fuscous postmedial line from

costa to vein 1, with the area beyond it brown; a fine black

termina! line ; cilia whitish tinged with red. Underside of

fore wing with the costal half suffused with fuscous brown, a

diffused fuscous-brown subterminal band.

Hab, C. Cotony, Rosmead (Juby), 1 g type. Lzp,

22 mm.

(50b) Phlyctenodes euprepialis, sp. n,

Head and thorax sulphur-yellow ; palpi at tips, a bar

across frons, and antenne black ; thorax with blackish dorsal

fascia; pectus blackish; fore legs white in front, black

behind ; mid and hind legs fuscous at base, the tibize and

tarsi whitish; abdomen white slightly tinged with rufous

and with black segmental bands, the ventral! surface blackish,

Fore wing sulphur-yellow; a red costal fascia to beyond

middle ; antemedial line black and silvery, from submedian

fold to inner margin dentate; black and silvery points at

middle of cell and on discocellulars ; postmedial line black

522 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

and silvery, very oblique, from just below costa towards apex

to inner margin, with a red band on its outer edge irrorated

with black scales towards apex; a fine black terminal line;

cilia pale red. Hind wing fuscous, whitish at base; cilia

whitish tinged with pale red. Underside of both wings

fuscous,

Hab. Masnonauanp, Salisbury (Marshall), 1 2 type;

TransvaaL, Piet Retief (Crawshay), 1 3, White R. (Cooke),

1 2, Bultfontein (Janse),2 ¢,3 2. Exp. 24mm.

(55 a) Phlyctenodes chrysalis, sp. nu.

6. Head, thorax, and abdomen pale yellow ; palpi black

at tips ; fore coxe in front, and the femora, tibie, and tarsi

black. Fore wing golden yellow ; a brownish costal fascia

to beyond middle irrorated with white scales; a slight

whitish and brown medial line from cell to inner margin;

a brownish band irrorated with white scales from the costal

fascia round end of cell to near origin of vein 2; a brownish

terminal band suffused with white and with dark line on its

inner edge. Hind wing fuscous brown slightly suffused with

white, the costal area whitish to near apex; cilia whitish.

Underside of both wings fuscous brown.

Hab. S. Austraria (Dohrn), 1 3 type. Hap. 20 mm.

(3 a) Diasemia trigonialis, sp. n.

Head, thorax, and abdomen black-brown mixed with

whitish ; palpi white in front towards base ; head with white

streaks at sides; abdomen with dorsal whitish segmental

lines. Fore wing ochreous white suffused with red-brown,

the costal area dark brown mixed with whitish ; an oblique

triangular black-brown antemedial patch from above vein 1

to inner margin, with a whitish band between it anda similar

medial patch extending to median nervure ; a rather trian-

gular whitish discoidal spot defined at sides by a few black

scales; a triangular black-brown postmedial patch from

vein 5 to inner margin, with a rather Y-shaped band between

it and the medial patch; a whitish postmedial band, ex-

panding on inner side at discal fold and defined on each side

by some black scales, then oblique and defining the outer

edge of the postmedial patch, met at inner margin by a

diffused whitish subterminal band arising from apex; the

terminal area dark, with a series of obscure triangular black

spots ; cilia blackish, with a fine white line at hase. Hind

wing black-brown; the costal area whitish to beyond middle,

Species of Pyralide. 523

with a whitish discoidal spot conjoined to it; an irregular

oblique whitish medial band ; postmedial line white, oblique

to discal fold, then bent outwards to termen at vein 2; cilia

whitish, with a blackish line near base.

Hab. Natar, Weenen, 1 ¢ type, Durban (Leigh), 1 9;

Orance R. Cotony, Bloemfontein ( Eckersley), 1 ¢ ; Basuro-

LAND, Moletsani (Crawshay),1 3. Hzxp.18 mm.

(6a) Diasemia monostigma, sp. n.

3d. Head, thorax, and abdomen grey suffused with red-

brown. Fore wing grey suffused with red-brown; the costal

edge black to middle and with three black points on post-

medial area ; an indistinct black antemedial line from cell to

inner margin, defined on inner side by a faint greyish band ;

a slight blackish line from lower angle of cell to inner

margin ; postmedial line blackish, defined on outer side by

grey, oblique to discal fold, where it is slightly bent outwards,

then again oblique to inner margin, an oblique wedge-shaped

black patch before it between veins 5 and 2 and slight

blackish marks in the interspaces beyond the grey band ;

a terminal series of small black spots ; cilia with a fine pale

line at base. Hind wing grey-brown ; an indistinct dark

postmedial line defined on outer side by grey, oblique, bent

outwards between veins 5 and 2; the termen blackish on

apical half, with blackish spots on inner half,

2. Fore wing with the postmedial line angled outwards in

submedian fold to near tornus, then retracted to below angle

of cell and oblique to middle of inner margin, the black patch

before it triangular.

Hab. Transvaat, Lemana (Janse), 1 2; Narva, Karkloof

(Marshall), 2 3, Estcourt (Hutchinson), 1 2, Pietermaritz-

burg (Bowker), 1 2, Durban (Leigh), 1 g type; Care

Cotony, Annshaw (Miss F. Barrett), 2 3, Zuurberg (Bair-

stow),1 3,292. Hap., § 24, ¢ 20 mm.

(1 6) Liopasia rufalis, sp. n.

?. Head and thorax rufous ; palpi white at base ; max-

illary palpi white; slight white streaks above the eyes ;

pectus and legs white, the fore tibie tinged with rufous;

abdomen pale rufous, with slightly darker subdorsal rufous

marks on two basal segments and dorsal and subdorsal marks

on the other segments, the ventral surface white. Fore wing

rufous irrorated with blackish ; a very indistinct blackish

antemedial line, oblique from costa to submedian fold ; traces

524 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

of dark annuli at middle and end of cell and of an oblique

shade from lower angle of cell to inner margin; a very

indistinct dark line, oblique from costa to vein 5 beyond the

cell, then inwardly oblique; a curved postmedial series of

black points in the interspaces; a terminal series of obscure

spots. Hind wing semihyaline white, the terminal area and

cilia suffused with rufous from apex to submedian fold; a

slight dark postmedial line from costa to vein 5; the under-

side with the costal area white.

Hab. Trinipan, Cuparo (Kaye), 2 2 type; Br. Guiana

(Rodway),1 9. Hap. 44 mm.

(1a) Anarmodia obliqualis, sp. nu.

3. Head and thorax fiery red; palpi whitish at base ;

fore tarsi and mid and hind tibiz and tarsi pale ; abdomen

red suffused with brown. Fore wing fiery red, with darker

streaks on the veins, the costal area deep red, brownish

towards base; a very oblique dark brown antemedial line;

a dark point in middle of cell ; a very oblique dark discoidal

bar confluent with the stronger streak on vein 3; postmedial

line very oblique from costa to vein 5, excurved and less

distinct to vein 3, then obsolete ; a deep red terminal line.

Hind wing yellow, the terminal area tinged with red from

vein 5 to tornus, the veins of terminal area slightly streaked

with red; a deep red terminal line; cilia reddish, with a

slight dark line near base ; the underside yellow suffused

with red, a dark spot at upper angle of cell and point at

lower angle.

Hab. Peru, Huancabamba, 1 g type. Hap. 49 mm.

(8a) Anarmodia croceiproctis, sp. n.

¢. Head, thorax, and abdomen cupreous brown ; palpi

white at base; antennz with the basal joint whitish; some

white below base of wings; cox and tibial spurs white;

abdomen with the anal tuft orange, the ventral surface white

irrorated with brown. Fore wing cupreous brown; a slight

dark discoidal spot ; postmedial line indistinct, brown, ex-

curved to vein 4, then incurved; cilia pure white at tips.

Hind wing whitish tinged with brown, the veins and terminal

area brown; a curved brown postmedial line ; cilia white

mixed with brown to vein 2, then white with brown striz at

base ; the underside with brown discoidal spot, the post-

medial line minutely dentate.

Hab. S.E. Peru, Oconeque (Ockenden), 2 g type. LEzp.

52 mm,

Species of Pyralide. 525

(10) Anarmodia polystriata, sp. n.

3. Head and thorax grey-brown ; palpi red-brown, white

at base ; tegule red-brown; pectus white; legs brownish ;

abdomen reddish brown, whitish at base, the ventral surface

white irrorated with brown. Fore wing red-brown, the

costal area grey-brown, the interspaces white, with numerous

black strize except on terminal area, a wedge-shaped whitish

patch on apical part of costa ; traces of an oblique blackish

antemedial line ; obscure dark brown spots in middle of cell

and on discocellulars ; postmedial line blackish, oblique from

costa to vein 6, slightly excurved to vein 2, then oblique ;

cilia black mixed with white. Hind wing white, the termen

reddish brown and fuscous ; a small blackish discoidal spot ;

a postmedial series of minute black streaks on veins 7 to 2,

with series of slight fuscous spots beyond them in the inter-

spaces between discal and submedian folds ; cilia white, with

series of black spots, the cilia of inner margin black-brown ;

the underside irrorated with brown, a black discoidal bar

with some blackish above it on costa, and postmedial series

of black spots.

Hab. S.E. Perv, Aqualani (Ockenden), 2 3 type. Exp.

50 mm.

(4a) Noorda albiplaga, sp. nu.

Head and thorax fuscous brown mixed with some whitish,

the vertex of head and dorsum of tegulze white ; palpi white

below towards base; pectus and legs white, the fore tibiz

banded with black, the mid tibiz streaked with black above,

the tarsi black ringed with white; abdomen white with

dorsal brownish bands. Fore wing fuscous brown to just

beyond middle, mixed with some whitish; a slight white

spot at middle of costa, with faint oblique dark line from it

to inner margin ; the terminal area white; postmedial line

black, excurved below costa and at middle and incurved at

discal fold and below vein 4, a sinuous fuscous-brown macu-

late band beyond it from vein 7 to inner margin ; a terminal

fuscous-brown band ; cilia white tinged with rufous and with

a dark line at middle. Hind wing semihyaline white, the

terminal area fuscous brown, rather broadly at costa, nar-

rowing to a point at vein 1 and with slightly waved inner

edge ; cilia white, with a faint brownish line near base; the

underside with the costal area faintly tinged with brown.

Hab. Transvaat, White R. (Cooke), 1 ¢, Pretoria (Janse),

1 2 type. Exp. 16 mm.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xi. 36

Sir G. F. Hampson on new

lor)

(8) Noorda ecthemata, sp. n.

9. Head and thorax very pale yellow ; abdomen white ;

palpi and shoulders crimson-red at sides ; pectus and legs

white, the fore femora at extremity and tibie above red, the

mid tibiz streaked with red above. Fore wing very pale

yellow, the basal half of costa crimson-red, with a few black

scales below it; the terminal area crimson-red, broad at costa

and narrowing to tornus, defined on inner side by a slightly

sinuous black line excurved at middle. Hind wing white ;

the terminal area crimson-red from apex to vein 2, defined

on inner side by a very minutely waved black line.

Hab. Br. E. Arrica, Taveta (Rogers), 1 2 type. Eap.

18 mm.

(10) Noorda distigmalis, sp. n.

9. Pale ochreous; palpi black-brown, white at base;

sides of frons, a ring round neck, and stripes on shoulders

black-brown ; fore tibiz with black band at extremity.

Fore wing with a silvery gloss; the costal area brown suf-

fused with silvery purple; a black point in middle of cell

and another on discocellulars; the terminal area purplish

brown, defined on inner side by a black line very slightly

excurved between veins 7 and 2. Hind wing with terminal

purple-brown band from costa to a point at vein 2, defined

on inner side by a black line from vein 7 to 2.

Hab. Niceria, Old Calabar (Crompton), 1 92 type. Exp.

24mm.

(14) Noorda flavidalis, sp. n.

g. Head and thorax orange-yellow ; palpi fuscous brown,

white at base; frons fuscous brown, white at sides; antenne

blackish; tibiz and tarsi fuscous brown ; abdomen fuscous

brown, the three basal segments orange-yellow dorsally, the

genital tufts white. Fore wing orange-yellow, the costal

edge and cilia fuscous brown. Hind wing orange-yellow,

the cilia brownish at base, white at tips.

Hab, Peru, Huancabamba, 1 ¢ type. Hap. 26 mm.

(15) Noorda dichocrocis, sp. un.

Head, thorax, and abdomen yellow; palpi black, the labial

palpi white at base; tegule, shoulders, and metathorax with

black spots ; fore and mid femora black towards extremities,

the fore tibiz and tarsi banded with black ; abdomen with

Species of Pyvalide. 527

dorsal and lateral series of black spots except towards extre-

mity. Fore wing yellow, the costal edge black ; two black

spots at base; three subbasal spots; four antemedial spots,

the spot below the cell displaced outwards; a medial spot

in cell, bar below the cell, and spot above inner margin;

a discoidal bar and three spots beyond lower angle of cell ;

a postmedial series of nine spots, the spots below costa and

above inner margin displaced outwards and the spot at discal

fold inwards ; a subterminal series of six small spots ending

above vein 2, the spot in discal fold displaced inwards ; cilia

silvery at tips. Hind wing yellow; a black spot in middle

of cell and bar below the cell; a discoidal spot and three

spots beyond lower angle of cell ; a subterminal series of five

spots, the spot in discal fold displaced inwards and an oblique

bar in submedian interspace ; cilia silvery at tips.

Hab. Gouv Coast, Kumasi (Whiteside), 1 3g type;

Ucanpa, Gondokora (Reynes-Cole),1 2. Exp. 24mm.

. (4a) Beotarcha albotermina, sp. n.

2. Head and thorax reddish brown ; palpi white at base;

sides of frons and tips of maxillary palpi white; antennz

blackish ; pectus white in front; fore tarsi ringed with

white, the mid tibiz above and the mid and hind tarsi white ;

abdomen white, dorsally suffused with red-brown. [ore

wing opalescent white irrorated with red-brown, the base and

terminal area suffused with red-brown; a strong black ante-

medial line and discoidal bar ; postmedial line strong, black,

excurved between veins 4 and 2; the termen with a series

of white bars and rather lunulate black terminal line. Hind

wing white, semihyaline; an oblique black bar from vein 3

to termen at vein 2 which is brownish towards extremity; a

fine brown terminal line.

Hab. Dotcnu N. Guinea, Fak-fak (Pratt), 1 2 type.

Eep, 24 mm.

(46) Baotarcha hyalina, sp. n.

d. Head and thorax whitish suffused with fuscous brown ;

tarsi ringed with white; abdomen whitish with dorsal

fuscous segmental lines. Fore wing semihyaline brownish

white irrorated with blackish; the costal edge blackish

towards base ; a diffused rather inwardly oblique black ante-

medial line; a black discoidal lunule; postmedial line black,

oblique to vein 4, slightly excurved below vein 7 and at

middle and incurved below vein 4 ; the termen whitish, with

a series of fuscous-brown spots. Hind wing hyaline white;

. 36%

528 Sir G, F. Hampson on new

some black irroration along vein 2 except near the cell; an

oblique black line from vein 5 to termen at submedian fold ;

a terminal series of blackish points.

Hab. Durcu N. Guinea, Mimika R. (Wollaston), 2 8

type. Kap. 18 mm.

(11) Calamochrous flavimarginalis, sp. n.

do. Head and thorax reddish brown tinged with grey ;

palpi white at base; pectus and legs whitish suffused with

brown ; abdomen brown with slight white segmental lines,

the anal tuft ochreous, the ventral surface whitish. Fore

wing yellowish suffused with reddish brown and in parts with

fiery red, the terminal area yellow; a faint oblique brown

antemedial line; postmedial line very indistinct, brown,

somewhat oblique to vein 6, then inwardly oblique, a trian-

gular yellow patch beyond it on costal area; an oblique

rather diffused brown subterminal band defining the dark

area. Hind wing yellowish white; a minute brown discoidal

spot, traces of a rather diffused postmedial line, a narrow

brown subterminal band, and terminal series of black points.

Hab. Br. HE. Arrica, Nairobi (Anderson), 1 3 type.

Exp, 20 mm.

(4a) Cybolomia leucatalis, sp. un.

9. White. Fore wing with the costal area towards apex

and the terminal area faintly tinged with brown; a few

large rough rufous scales below and beyond lower angle of

cell. Hind wing faintly tinged with brown towards apex.

Hab. Persian Gutr, Bushire (Swinhoe), 1 2 type. Hap.

22 mm.

(5a) Cybolomia arenalis, sp. u.

2. Head and thorax white irrorated with fuscous ; abdo-

men white tinged with fuscous. Fore wing white irrorated

with black; some ochreous-brown suffusion before and

beyond the antemedial line, which is black, oblique from

costa to median nervure, then waved; slight black marks on

costa above end of cell and on extremity of median nervure ;

some yellow-brown suffusion beyond end of cell before the

postmedial line, which is black, excurved from below costa to

vein 4, then incurved, a diffused yellow-brown line beyond

it ; a narrow blackish terminal band ; cilia blackish with

white tips and intersected by three white streaks at middle.

Species of Pyralids. 529

Hind wing white tinged witl? brown ; a slight brown post-

medial line ; cilia very long, brown at base, then white, with

diffused brown line near tips ; the underside white irrorated

with brown,

Hab. Auerrta, Biskra (Walsingham), 2 2 type. Exp.

14 mm.

(7a) Cybolomia pulverealis, sp. n.

?. Head and thorax grey tinged with yellow-brown and

irrorated with black ; palpi at base, pectus, and legs whiter ;

abdomen grey-brown. Fore wing grey tinged with yellow-

brown and thickly irrorated with large black scales ; traces

of a waved dark antemedial line ; some blackish points on

medial part of costa ; two minute discoidal points; an in-

distinct, fine, dark, minutely waved postmedial line, excurved

from costa to vein 5, then very oblique; traces of a curved

subterminal line; a narrow brown terminal band; cilia

brown. Hind wing grey-brown; traces of a curved post-

medial line ; cilia brown at base, whitish at tips ; the under-

side whitish thickly irrorated with black-brown, the post-

medial line more distinct. _

Hab. Sprain, Granada (Walsingham), 1 ¢ type. Lzxp.

14 mm,

(12) Cybolomia apicalis, sp. nu.

?. Head and thorax red-brown mixed with white ; palpi

with white line above; frons with white streaks at sides ;

pectus, legs, and abdomen white, the last slightly tinged

with brown above. Fore wing bright rufous mixed with

whitish ; aslight white streak on basal half of inner margin ;

a white fascia on medial part of costa; a triangular white

patch on apical part of costa; traces of a subterminal line

excurved from costa to vein 4, then oblique, the area beyond

it pinkish ; traces of a line just before termen; cilia white,

with faint brown line through them. Hind wing white, with

traces of a faint medial line; a slight brown terminal band

from apex to vein 2; the underside slightly tinged with

brown; a diffused discoidal spot sometimes confluent with

the medial band.

Hab. Masnonarann, Salisbury (Marshall), 3 2 type;

TransvaaL, White R. (Cooke),1 2. Hup. 20-22 mm.

(13) *Cybolomia cataclystalis, sp. n.

Whitish; head, thorax, and abdomen except the first

segment and a band on second dorsally suffused with brown.

530 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Descriptions and

Fore wing with the basal area and an oblique patch from

middle of costa to termen suffused with brown; a curved

black line just before middle; the postmedial line obliquely

curved from costa to vein 2, where it is retracted to lower

angle of cell and very strongly angled outwards on vein 1 ;

the termen silvery from vein 4 to below 2, where it runs

inwards for some way; a wedge-shaped subterminal brown

band from costa to the silvery mark; cilia brown. Hind

wing with curved medial black line, with spots before it

below cell and on vein 1 ; the apical area with asubterminal _

brown line and apical patch; a medial black patch on

terminal area traversed by an obliquely sinuous orange line

with ill-defined silvery ocelli beyond 1t.

Hab. Lovistaves, St. Aignan (Meek). Eap. 14 mm.

Type in Coll. Rothschild.

[To be continued. }

LXI11.—Descriptions and Records of Bees.—UI1.

By T. D. A. CockEeRELL, University of Colorado.

Megachile fortis, Cresson, var. vestali, var. nov.

&.—Runs exactly to M. fortis in Friese’s table (‘ Das

Tierreich ’), and agrees with Cresson’s description except as

follows :—Pubescence, except on under part of cheeks,

fulvous, becoming a very rich fox-red dorsally ; hair of

thorax above not concealing the densely granular-punctate

surface ; tegule piceous, with a tuft of red hair in front ;

a large patch of deep red hair above each spine on anterior

coxe; anterior femora broadly blackened in front and

behind, but honey-coloured above and below, the entire

apical part above black ; keel of sixth abdominal segment

very broadly truncate at apex; middle of apex (beneath the

keel) merely obtusely rounded, not forming a subacute tooth.

Hab. Halsey, Nebraska, on the sand-hills, Aug. 27, 1911

(A. G. Vestal).

This is possibly a distinct species, but more probably a

variety of M. fortis. Itisavery handsomeinsect. M. fortis

was described from Texas, but a very large collection of

Texas Megachile now before me does not contain the species.

I formerly had quite a wrong idea of M. fortis, Mr. Fox

having determined for me as fortis a red-haired variety of

Records of Bees. 531

M. comata from the Gila River. In Aun. & Mag. Nat. Hist.,

July 1900, p. 10, I give a long list of localities for fortis in

New Mexico, remarking that comata is not a distinct species.

As a matter of fact, the insect I had was M. comata, and I

did not know the real fortis. Friese, in ‘ Das Tierreich,’

remarks that a fortis I sent him had the middle cox armed ;

this was really comata.

Megachile gemula albula (Lovell and Cockerell).

On examining a paratype male M. gemula, Cresson, from

Georgia, I find that it is so closely related to M. albula from

Maine that I believe the latter must rank as a subspecies.

The true gemula has the outer side of the hind tibiz and

tarsi and middle tibiz covered with black hair ; in albula it

is especially noticeable that the hair of the middle tarsi is

shining pale reddish, while the hind tibiz are more or less

pale-haired on the outer side. In true gemula the second

abdominal segment is black-haired at the sides and along the

posterior margin, in albu/a this hair is mainly pale.

M. gemula albula is also found at Beulah, New Mexico,

and I have collected it in the Harvard Botanical Garden,

Cambridge, Mass.

Megachile vancouverensis, Provancher.

This species is to be added to the fauna of the United

States, having been collected at Olympia, Washington State,

1896 (Trevor Kincaid). It is closely related to M. gemula

and albula, so much so that I had considered it a variety or

race of the latter. It is, however, distinguished by the

prevailingly pale hair of the abdomen, that on the third seg-

ment black only at sides. The hair fringing the hind tarsi

behind is pale orange, whereas in gemula it is black. It is,

however, orange-fulvous in albula, which is really inter-

mediate between gemula and vancouverensis, though readily

separated from both.

Megachile chrysorrhwa, Gerstaecker.

Tegwani (Dec. 30, 1908) and Lion’s Stead (Feb. 6, 1909),

S. Africa (C. K. Brain) ; Langenburg, L. Nyassa, Feb. 1898

(Fiilleborn).

Megachile ferox, Smith.

This has hitherto been known only from the male. A

female before me (Ararat, Australia, C. E. P. Hill; Nat.

a es

532 Mr 2PD..A: Cockerell—Descriptions and

Mus. Victoria, 20) is in general like the male, but the legs

are black, with red claws and creamy-white spurs. The

lower edge of the clypeus is straight and without tubercles,

a character separating it from the very similar M. derelicta,

Ckll. Ventral scopa white, fuscous at extreme apex ; dorsal

orange-ferruginous hair-patch covering fifth and sixth seg-

ments, except at sides, and extreme base of fifth. .

This is also very like M. heliophila, Ckll. ined., from Bris-

bane, but heliophila is about 12 mm. long and has the

mandibles coarsely strigate and sparsely punctured, while

those of ferox show three shining longitudinal ridges, with

channels between. The abdominal hair-patch of heliophila is

brownish golden rather than red.

Megachile frugalis, Cresson.

Cresson described this form from a single male collected

in Texas. I have since received it from Southern California ;

a new locality is San Gabriel Mts., near Pasadena, 1750 ft.,

July 15 (F. Grinnell). Thirteen males and ten females come

from Cotulla, Texas, nearly all May 11 and 12, 1906 (Craw-

ford and Pratt) ; six females and one male are from flowers

of Parkinsonia, three females and nine males from Monarda

punctata, one female was on Verbesina encelioides.

A male was taken at Cotulla, March 27 (Jones and Pratt).

Seven females are from Devil’s River, Texas, May 3 and 6, at

Monarda citriodora, collected by F.C. Pratt. One female

is from Atoka, Indian Territory, at <Asclepias tuberosa, col-

lected by F. C. Bishopp.

The female is a comparatively narrow parallel-sided form

like the male; it differs from M. inimica and heterodonta by

the minutely punctured rugulose clypeus, which has the

anterior margin, except at sides, thickened and shining. The

clypeus carries much erect black hair: The ventral scopa is

_white, with a faint creamy tint, black on the last segment.

In Friese’s table (‘Das Tierreich’) the female runs to 15,

but is quite distinct from M. addenda and pollicaris. Super-

ficially the female is very like M. verbesine, Ckll., but the

sculpture of the clypeus is entirely different. See also

‘Canadian Entomologist,’ Aug. 1903, p. 215.

Megachile decipiens, Lovell and Cockerell.

This species was described from two males collected in

Maine. I have before me two females from New Hampshire

(Littleton, C. M. Weed; Hanover, C. M. Weed) which are,

Records of Bees. 533

I am confident, the same species. They were in Dr. W. H.

Ashmead’s collection, and were named by him M. addenda,

Cresson, a species to which they have little resemblance.

They are very close to the Rocky Mountain M. sapellonis,

Ckll., differing principally by the smaller size (length about

15 mm.). The vertex, mesothorax (except in front), and

scutellum have much black hair; middle of clypeus and

supraclypeal area very smooth and sparsely punctured ; lower

margin of clypeus dentate, as in sapellonis ; veutral scopa

entirely dilute orange or yellowish white; wings dusky. The

abdomen is conspicuously shiny. The male is readily known

from that of sapedlonis by the fuscous hair on thorax above

and the smaller size.

Megachile indianorum, sp. u.

3g .—Length 14 mm., width of abdomen 5}.

Black, with red legs; wings pale brown; face covered

with creamy-white hair; eyes green; antenne black,

not broadened at apex; tegule ferruginous, finely punc-

tured ; mesothorax dullish, strongly and closely punctured,

with extremely scanty pale hair, no white hair-lines in front ;

scutello-mesothoracic suture with a moderate amount of

white hair; pleura densely covered with white hair ; legs

bright ferruginous except the coxe and trochanters, the

middle and hind femora somewhat suffused with blackish ;

anterior coxze with short, stout, flattened spines; anterior

tarsi simple, but with a thick fringe of white hair behind on

the first four joints ; hair on inner side of tarsi pale orange ;

middle tarsi also with a white hair-fringe behind; hind

margins of abdominal segments with narrow entire white

hair-bands ; keel of sixth segment (apparent apex) rounded,

entire, bent downwards ; hind margin of sixth segment with

four short triangular teeth, the middle ones further apart

than either from a lateral one; venter dark reddish.

Hab. Andmore, Indian Territory, July 11, 2 ¢ (C. R.

Jones). Type in U.S. National Museum,

Very close to M. deflexa, Cresson, described from a single

male collected in Kansas, and perhaps only a subspecies,

but defleva has the hair of the face yellow, that of meso-

thorax black, the tegulz piceous, and the middle and hind

femora black. Another closely related species is M. muco-

rosa, Ckll., which is much smaller, and has very much larger

teeth on the apical margin of the sixth abdominal segment.

534 Mr, T. D. A. Cockerell—Deseriptions and

Megachile recisa, sp. 0.

o .—Length 10 mm.

Rather robust, black, with the hair mostly rather dull

white ; head and thorax above very densely and finely punc-

tured, but shining ; head seen from in front rounded, a little

broader than long ; face covered with long white hair, vertex

with fuscous hair; antenne simple, not especially long, dark,

the fourth joint red beneath; mandibles hairy ; hair of disc

of mesothorax (which is scanty) and of scutellum fuscous, of

rest of thorax white; tegulz rufo-piceous, densely punc-

tured. Wings rather dilute fuliginous. Legs with white

hair; femora black, the anterior ones beneath with two

conspicuous lines of white hair, the surface between them

shining ; tibiz black, red at apex, the anterior pair also red

in front and behind, but only apically on outer side ; tarsi

light red, the anterior ones slightly broadened, the third

joint beneath with an intense black oval spot ; anterior cox

with rather short stout spines in the midst of long white

hair. Abdomen shining, the hind margins of the segments

with pale hair-bands, that on first reduced to a large white

patch on each side, that on the third, and especially that on

the fourth, suffused with ochreous ; fifth segment covered

with very pale appressed ochreous hair, sixth with white

hair except the keel; keel (apparent apex) of sixth segment

reddish, shining, broadly and squarely truncate, but with a

rounded median emargination ; at each extreme side of the

segment is a sharp red tooth; in the middle, beneath the

keel, are two prominent red spines, curving laterad ; venter

covered with white hair.

Hab. Kewell, Australia (Nat. Mus. Victoria, 14).

Related to M. modesta, Smith, but that has the two basal

joints of the two anterior tarsi “ white, flattened and ex-

panded.”? Another example of M. recisa is from Brisbane

(H. Hacker, Queensland Mus. 74); collected Sept. 24, 1912.

Meyachile ramulipes, sp. 0.

$ .—Length about 10 mm.

Of the parallel-sided type, but not slender ; black, with

the pubescence mostly white, that on the face dense and

shining clear white ; head and thorax above strongly ex-

tremely densely punctured, the punctures on the vertex

larger than those on the thorax ; antenne very long and

slender, the short third joint red beneath, the flagellum very

faintly brownish beneath, the scape very short ; mandibles

Records of Bees. 535

tridentate, the inner tooth prominent, no basal tooth below ;

tegulz piceous, stained with rufous. Wings hyaline, faintly

dusky. Legs black, the tarsi ferruginous apically ; anterior

coxee unarmed ; anterior tarsi slender, greatly elongated

(more than twice as long as the tibi), their length being

4mm. Abdomen short, the hind margins of the segments

shining brown; first segmevt and bases of second and third

with pale hair; second segment very densely and quite

strongly punctured, contrasting with the third, which is

shining, with fine weaker punctures ; fourth segment (except

partly at base, especially laterally), fifth and sixth covered

with light orange-fulvous hair; apical margin of fourth

segment and all of fifth and sixth with the tegument red ;

keel of fourth segment obtuse, hardly salient, obscurely

bilobed ; no apical spines.

Hab. Kewell, Australia (Nat. Mus. Victoria, 15).

Perhaps nearest, on the whole, to M. rhodogastra, CklL,

but easily separated by the long, slender, anterior tarsi and

other characters.

Megachile fultoni, sp. n.

9 .—Length about 7 mm.

Narrow, Heriades-like, black, the apical segment of the

abdomen (above and below) bright ferruginous red ; ventral

scopa white; wings dusky hyaline.

So close to M. hackeri, Ckll., that I at first thought

it identical, but it is readily separated by the following

characters :—Flagellum red beneath ; the broad clypeus tri-

dentate, one tooth in the middle, the others at the extreme

sides ; mandibles fringed with orange hair beneath; fifth

and sixth abdominal segments much less hairy, and the little

hair present not distinctly yellowish.

3 .—Like that of M. hackeri, but first r.u. meeting first

t.-c. (which is not true of the female fultoni) ; lobes of sixth

- abdominal segment not so close together; flagellum red

beneath.

Hab. Purnong, Australia (S. W. Fulton; Nat. Mus.

Victoria, 59) ; female=type. ‘The male is from W. Aus-

tralia (Nat. Mus. Victoria, 58).

On account of the locality and the different venation the

male is perhaps a distinct species, but, if so, this cannot at

present be satisfactorily demonstrated,

Megachile generosa cleomis (Cockerell).

Megachile cleomis, described from New Mexico, is a

536 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell— Descriptions and

western subspecies of M. generosa, Cresson, described from

North Carolina and Georgia. M. pruinosa, Friese (a pre-

occupied name), agrees very well with cleomis, and must be

regarded as a synonym. The females resembling cleomis

may be separated as follows :—

Only the last two abdominal segments, seen

from above, with black hair at sides .. ippie (Ckll.).

Abdominal segments 2-6, seen from above,

with black hair at sides ............ ft

1. Last abdominal segment above without de-

ressed whitish hair, but with much

lack hair; mesothorax shining, punc-

tures well separated (from a paratype,

collected in New Jersey) ............ addenda, Cresson.

Last abdominal segment above with. de-

pressed whitish hair <j... o.j0% 2 clients 2.

2, Hair of mesothorax except at sides, and of

scutellum except behind, black ...... generosa, Cresson.

Hair of thorax above pale, with black inter-

PHLKeY Ares cote ene ae ee ee generosa cleomis (Ckll.).

Megachile parallela, Smith.

A specimen which I examined in the British Museum,

supposed to be parallela, had the hair of vertex and dise of

mesothorax dark brown. I now believe it is not genuine

parallela, of which Smith says that the hair on disc of thorax

is slightly ochraceous. Smith’s description seems to be

accurate, as it agrees very well with M. facunda, Cresson,

which is no doubt a synonym. WM. sexdentata, Rob., also

appears to be the same species. On the other hand, the

female of parallela is not pruina, Smith, but is correctly

described by Robertson under sexdentata. 'The males of this

species are very variable in size and the colour of the

pubescence, which may be greyish white or strongly ochra-

ceous. The female is known by the fine, pruinose, pallid

tomentum on the last dorsal abdominal segment, and the

joints of the middle tarsi greatly produced and ciliated at

their apical corners.

Megachile rufolobata, sp. un.

$ .—Length about 14 mm.

Robust, with parallel-sided abdomen ; black, with the

fifth and sixth abdominal segments bright ferruginous red ;

face covered with shining golden hair, but all the other pale

hair clear white; vertex, a large discal patch on mesothorax,

and anterior part of scutellum with fuscous hair ; mandibles

broad, black, with two strong apical teeth and a long very

Records of Bees. 537

oblique inner cutting-edge ; vertex and thorax above ex-

tremely densely punctured ; antennz black ; tegulz piceous,

Wings strongly smoky, brown; second s.m. very long.

Legs black, the tarsi with long white fringes; anterior

coxze with short, stout, sharp spines; anterior tarsi simple

but rather thick, the apical part of the basitarsus and the

second joint whitish, the two apical joints ferruginous ;

the other tarsi black. Keel of sixth abdominal segment

(apparent apex) with two large rounded lobes; much long

white hair on under side of abdomen. Hair on inner side of

hind tarsi brownish ferruginous.

Hab. 60 miles N. of Perth, W. Australia (Victoria Nat.

Museum, 2; received from C. French).

Closely allied to M. ignita, Smith, but that species, as

described by Smith, has the hair of the cheeks pale fulvous,

and that of “the thorax beneath and on the sides, and also

on the legs,” pale bright yellow. Smith also says that the

anterior cox are unarmed, and this is not a mistake, as it is

repeated by Meade-Waldo in Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., Nov.

1912, p. 477. Meade-Waldo says abdomen not coarsely

punctured in ignita; I should call that of M. rufolobata

rather coarsely punctured, but this may not be significant.

I have a female from F, Smith’s collection, determined by

him as M. ignita, and it is certainly not the female of rufo-

lobata, but it is perhaps really Smith’s female erythropyga.

Megachile victoria, Cockerell.

A male taken by S. W. Fulton at Purnong (Nat. Mus.

Victoria, 106) shows that when fresh the fifth abdominal

segment is clothed, except at sides, with pale fulvous hair ;

the patch is relatively inconspicuous, not like the bright red

dense patch of some species.

Megachile simplex, Smith.

The female varies greatly in size. Meade-Waldo states

that the type is 10 mm. long. One from Brisbane (H.

Hacker) is about 85 mm.; one from Ararat (Hill; Nat. Mus.

Victoria, 19) is 12mm. I cannot see any difference except

that of size.

Megachile cetera, Cockerell.

A variety of the female (var. a) from S. Australia (Water-

house ; Nat. Mus. Victoria, 111) has the hair of head (except

lower part of cheeks), thorax (except sternal region), and

538 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Deseriptions and

abdominal bands a lively yellowish fulvous. Structurally it

agrees with cetera.

Megachile relicta, sp. n.

? Length 10 mm.

Parallel-sided, black, with white pubescence, giving the

whole insect a hoary appearance. Head ordinary; eyes

brown ; face rather broad, with much white hair; flagellum

bright ferruginous beneath ; vertex well punctured ; clypeus

transversely swollen or obtusely ridged, coarsely punctate

above, below, where it slopes inward, shining and scarcely

punctured, the lower margin with two large, widely separated,

triangular teeth ; mandibles broad, not greatly elongated,

slightly reddish near apex, with a narrow band of yellowish

hair parallel with the cutting-edge ; labrum long, with a pair

of subapical teeth ; thorax above densely rugoso-punctate ;

tegule reddish, stained with piceous. Wings clear. Legs

black, the tarsi red at apex, inner side of tarsi with pale

fulvous hair; hind tarsi not broad. Abdomen punctured,

with greyish-white hair all over, giving it a dusty appear-

ance; faint linear bands can be seen on the hind margins of

the first three segments, but the abdomen can hardly be

called banded ; a dense patch of white hair on each side of

first segment ; ventral scopa entirely white.

Hab. Tennants Creek, S. Australia (Field; Nat. Mus.

Victoria, 37).

A peculiar species, without near relatives. By the

pruinose abdomen it resembles M. fulvomarginata, Ckll. ;

by the clypeal structure it resembles M. clypeata, Smith.

Megachile vestitor, Cockerell.

A male from W. Australia (Duboulay ; Nat. Mus. Victoria,

11) is only about 94 mm. long, breaking down the distine-

tion of size between vestitor and Smith’s fabricator. I now

think that the two are probably identical, but, if so, Smith’s

account of the anterior tarsi is ambiguous and insufficient.

Megachile remeata, sp. n.

9? .—Length a little over 12 mm.

Parallel-sided; wings dilute brownish, the apical half of

the anterior wings more strongly so; ventral scopa white,

with a few hardly noticeable dark hairs at extreme apex ;

first. abdominal segment covered above and at sides with

long white hair; second and third with dense white apical

Records of Bees. 539

hair-bands, broadly interrupted in the middle, the other

segments without any pale bands or spots ; eyes converging

above ; clypeus low and very broad, subcarinate in middle,

with a tooth on middle of lower margin ; mandibles very

long, parallel-sided, bidentate at end, the inner margin with

orange hairs ; anterior tibize in front with a long (lanceolate),

smooth, shining, hairless area, the inner side of these tibiz

densely covered with silver-white hair; flagellum obscurely

marked with red beneath ; mesothorax closely and minutely

punctured, but shining between the punctures.

Hab. W. Australia (Duboulay ; Nat. Mus. Victoria, 5).

Closely resembles M. semiluctuosa, but differs in the bi-

dentate mandibles, the slightly iastead of strongly arched

margin of clypeus, the much more finely and minutely punc-

tured mesothorax, and the shining finely punctured abdomen.

Megachile revicta, sp. n.

? .—Length 15 mm.

Parallel-sided ; wings with the apical half brown, the

basal hyaline, im the manner of M. fabricator, but the third

abdominal segment without hair-bands or spots, and the

mandibles are different. This is another species superficially

like M. semiluctuosa, from which it differs thus :—Head seen

from in front round, the vertex rounded (not flattened), its

scattered black hairs short, very minute ; antennz, in one

plane, broadly rounded (not expanded) and obtuse at tip ;

vertex shining, with large, partly confluent punctures; hair

of middle of face yellowish, of sides of face creamy white, of

clypeus very pale yellowish mixed with dark brown ; clypeus

low and very broad, coarsely rugoso-punctate, the lower edge

practically straight, with a median nodule; mandibles

extremely broad and massive, quadridentate, but the inner-

most tooth feeble, a line of ochreous hair running parallel

with the cutting-edge ; labial palpi shorter; mesothorax

densely and coarsely rugoso-punctate, almost like a Li-

thurgus ; ventral scopa wholly creamy white; white band at

apex of second abdominal segment only about half as broad,

very clear white, as also the hair covering first segment ; no

lateral spots of hair ou third segment ; abdomen shining,

with very large irregularly placed punctures ; tegule shining

black, with a curious fringe of pale bairs.curling over the

base and ends, covering more than half the surface ; hair on

inner side of hind tarsi dark fuscous, on the others more

reddish.

540 Meet Daas Cockerell—Descriptions and

Hab. 60 miles north of Perth, W. Australia; received

from C. French (Nat. Mus. Victoria, 1).

The following key separates several similar-looking

females :—

Lower edge of clypeus with conspicuous teeth ;

mandibles very: broad) if d « .ceein oayete as eo lucidiventris, Sm.

Clypeus not so, though there is usually a median

denticle ir tooth. M0520, sess asm aes :

Ik, Mandrbles wery tone .).< 9 .\oh Seta 5 cates ee 2.

Mandibles broad, relatively short ............ 3.

2.” Mandibles Indertate: if. J..8 . «leah ¥ ae remeata, Cll.

Mandibles tridentate}... ~: 2 <6, knee ae ee Oe senrluctuosa, Sm.

3. First abdominal segment with white hair right

AGEORS: 5b Set wens che tee eo ete alee ee revicta, Ckll,

First abdominal segment with lateral patches of

White} Main Jo./s ius. v Lace eaisechte se aoe artes suffusipennis, Chl.

Halictus musicus, sp. 0.

2? .— Length about 10 mm.

Rather robust, the abdomen large; black, the abdomen

with a faint green tint, especially on the first two segments ;

head broad ; inner orbits strongly, evenly concave ; front

finely punctured, the punctures running into striz, the

shining surface visible between; supraclypeal area and

clypeus convex, shining, with sparse distinct punctures ;

clypeus with a median groove ; tongue broad dagger-shape ;

maxillary palpi red apically ; flagellum obscurely reddish

beneath; head and thorax with thin dark fuscous hair, but

pale ochreous at sides of metathorax, extending up to ‘sides

of scutellum ; postscutellum with a large patch of dense

orange tomentum, and the same sort of tomentum covers the

anterior corners of mesothorax, adjacent parts of prothorax,

and region of the tubercles, making a large elongate patch

on each side of the thorax in front ; mesothorax in middle

smooth and subglaucous, sparsely punctured, but densely

punctured at sides ; pleura finely and densely striate; area

of metathorax large, bounded by a strong sharp rim, its

surface with strong but obtuse ir regular ruge. Legs black,

with coarse black aire hind femora with a curled soot-

coloured scopa; hind spurs simple; tegule black, shining,

the anterior part finely roughened and with piliferous punc-

tures, the anterior margin testaceous. Wings dilute fuscous,

nervures and the large stigma reddish ; third s.m. short ;

first r.n. reaching extreme basal corner of third s.m. Ab-

domen very finely punctured, without hair-bands or patches ;

at apex and beneath with coarse black hair.

Records of Bees. 541

Hab. Tambourine Mountain, Australia, Oct. 27, 1912

(H. Hacker ; Queensland Museum, 82).

In the patch of orange tomentum on the postseutellum

this agrees with H. peraustralis, Ckll., but that species has

the legs mainly red and the metathoracic area quite different.

Except for the orange tomentum, there is a very close super-

ficial resemblance to H. davidis, Ckll., but the metathorax is

entirely different.

Chelustomoides pratti, sp. n.

6 .—Length 10-114 mm.

Black, with the small joints of tarsi clear ferruginous ;

form elongate, parallel-sided, narrow; pubescence in general

white, but fuscous on vertex, and more or less so on dises

of mesothorax and scutellum, short and black on the discs of

the fourth and fifth abdominal segments, very pale yellowish

on inner side of tarsi. Head rather large, round seen from

in front; face densely covered with white hair, sparsely

mixed with black on clypeus ; cheeks with long white hair

beneath ; mandibles black, tridentate, without any large

basal tooth below ; labrum very broad and relatively short,

sparsely punctured; vertex and front shining, but well

punctured ; antennz long, the flagellum very faintly reddish

beneath ; mesothorax and scutellum shining but strongly

punctured ; two short white hair-bands on mesothorax ante-

riorly, pointing toward middle ; white hair in scutello-

mesothoracic suture, and a tuft of white hair behind each

tegula; postscutellum shining, with sparse minute punctures ;

area of metathorax dull and granular; tegule dark brown,

finely punctured. Wings clear hyaline, nervures piceous,

Anterior coxz and tarsi simple. Abdomen shining, but

strongly punctured, the hind margins of the segments nar-

rowly testaceous ; conspicuous white hair-bands on apical

margins of first three segments at sides, and rather weakly

(especially so on third) continued across the middle ; ; basal

hair-bands are also developed, strong and continuous on

segments 4—6 ; keel of sixth segment with two strong, trian-

gular, sharp, widely separated teeth ; apical margin (beneath)

undulate, shining, without distinct lobes or teeth ; fourth

ventral segment (almost hidden by third) with alight reddish

margin.

Hab. San Diego, Texas (Jones and Pratt). Thirty-eight

specimens were collected, March 25, 1908.

Related to C. rufimanus (Rob 2 from which it is known by

the darker legs and clear wings, There is a superficial

Ann, & Mag. N. Hist, Ser. 8. “Vol: xl, a7

542 Miss G. Ricardo on new Species of

resemblance to Megachile frugalis, Cresson, which, however,

has long spines on the anterior cox, though these are not

mentioned by Cresson.

A male of C. pratti was taken by Mr. J. C. Crawford at

Cotulla, Texas, May 11, 1906, at flowers of Parkinsonia.

Three females, two from Cotulla (March 27, 1908, Jones and

Pratt ; May 5, 1905, Crawford) and one from San Diego

(March 25, 1908, at flowers of Marrubium vulgare, collected

by Jones and Pratt) can only belong to C. pratti. They

have the following special characters :—Clypeus very deeply

incised or emarginate, the incision bounded by large, shining,

pointed teeth directed outward ; upper part of clypeus with

a prominence ; flagellum bright ferruginous beneath except

at base; labrum long, truncate at apex, with a prominent

tubercle some distance from apex, bearing orange hairs

directed upwards; mandibles long and stout, with three

short teeth at apex; wings a little dusky (brownish); the

erect pale hair of mesothorax not mixed with black ; ventral

scopa entirely white, with a faint yellowish tint. There is a

strong superficial resemblance to the female of Megachile

occidentalis, Fox.

Chelostomoides appears to be related to the Australian

Heriadiform group of Megachile.

LXIV.—New Species of Tabanidee from the Oriental Region.

By GERTRUDE RICARDO.

THESE species have been sent to me for determination by the

Indian Museum. The types or paratypes are preserved in

the British Museum Collection.

Chrysops pettigrewi, sp. n.

Type and four other females from Ukrul, Manipur,

6400 feet, lat. 25° N., long. 94°-95° HE. (Rev. W. Pettigrew).

A species allied to Chrysops designata, Ricardo, but the

markings of the abdomen distinguish it. Wings with a dark

transverse band and apical spot, a hyaline sinus present in

the fifth posterior cell. Abdomen yellow at base, blackish on

apical half, marked with yellowish spots. Antenna and legs

black.

Length 83-93 mm.

Face black, covered with bright yellow tomentum; the

ee ns oe re

ee ee

Tabanidse from the Oriental Region. 5438

facial tubercles black, shining, very protuberant, round, not

reaching the oral opening ; cheeks with yellow hairs. Palpi

black, with a few black hairs. Antenne long, cylindrical,

black, the first joint longer than the second, the third not

quite so long as the first two together. Forehead same colour

as face; the frontal callus black, shining, transverse, not

reaching the eyes; a black spot on vertex bears the ocelli.

Thorax black, covered with appressed golden pubescence ;

breast and sides covered with greyish tomentum and with

golden and paler yellow hairs. Scute//um similar. Abdomen

yellow at base, the first segment witl a median black spot,

the second wholly yellow, the third blackish, dull yellow at

sides, and with three roundish yellow spots, also present on

the third segment, but rather smaller; a faint greyish median

spot is perceptible on the fourth, which, together with the

remaining segments, is black; the black part of abdomen

with the same appressed pubescence as thorax, thickest on

the last three segments ; underside chiefly yellow, only the

extreme apex black. Legs black, with black pubescence,

thickest on the hind femora, Wings with a narrow brown

fore border and brown at base, the transverse band wide,

somewhat irregular on both borders, the hyaline sinus faint ;

the clear space between the band and the apical spot is

distinctive of this species, as it reaches the fore border,

breaking the brown border ; the apical spot large, reaching

and extending over the anterior branch of fork of third vein.

Tabanus excelsus, sp, n.

A long series of females from Mashobra, Simla Hills,

7000 feet (Col. Pease), in Indian Museum.

Many of the specimens are in a very bad state, and almost

all have lost their antennz ; but five are fairly well preserved,

which I have marked as paratypes.

A species very nearly allied to Tabanus cordiger, Meig.,

but distinguished from it by the presence of three bands on

the eyes and by the shape of the frontal callus, which does

not reach the eyes, and the forehead is more than three times

as long as it is wide, Palpi are also different in shape and

reddish yellow, not white.

Length 10-12 mm.

Face covered with ashy-grey tomentum and with a few

white hairs. Beard white. Palpi yellow, with black pubes-

cence, stout, ending in an obtuse point. Antenne reddish,

the third joint very wide and short, the tooth represented by

an angle only. Forehead about five times as long as it is

37”

544 Miss G. Ricardo on new Species of

broad, narrower anteriorly ; the frontal callus reddish brown,

large, almost square, not reaching the eyes ; the middle callus

a little narrower, but longer, separated from it; the vertex

appears blackish ; forehead same colour as face, with a few

short black hairs. Yhoraw black, with three narrow grey

tomentose stripes and sides grey; a few scattered whitish

hairs on dorsum and longer blackish hairs at sides; breast

and sides covered with grey tomentum and with long greyish-

white hairs. Scutellum black, with grey tomentum. Adbdo-

men blackish, reddish on sides of second segment, with round

grey lateral spots on each segment and long narrow median

ones, these last not always distinct beyond the third segment,

the segmentations with short yellow or white hairs on a grey

tomentose ground ; dorsum with grey tomentum and with

black short pubescence ; underside hoary, with reddish seg-

mentations. Legs blackish, with grey tomentum ; the tibie

reddish yellow; middle and posterior tarsi almost wholiy

reddish yellow. Wings clear, stigma yellow, veins brown.

Tabanus fuscomaculatus, subsp, altermaculatus.

Type and another female from Ukrul, Manipur, 6400 feet

(Rev. W. Pettigrew).

A species from the same locality as 7’. /uscomaculatus,

Ricardo, only differing in the colour of the tébie, which,

together with the tarsi, are a very distinct reddish yellow, the

extreme apices of femora the same colour. The markings of

abdomen differ slightly, the black spot on second segment

being very faint, and a black spot is present on the third

segment ; the last three segments are only partly black, the

posterior borders and sides being reddish yellow, with some

yellow hairs intermixed with the black pubescence. Antenne

and palpi reddish, the latter with some grey tomentum and

black pubescence.

Length 22 mm.

Tabanus manipurensis, sp. n.

Type and two other females from Ukrul, Manipur,

6400 feet (Rev. W. Pettigrew).

A species nearly allied to Zahanus eaplicatus, Walker, but

distinguished from it by the lighter-coloured tomentum of

thorax and scutellum and by the absence of narrow fulvous

segmentations on abdomen. The abdomen is densely black ;

the thorax and scutellum reddish brown, covered with

yellowish pubescence, which extends to the first segment of

Tabanidze from the Oriental Region. 545

abdomen. Legs black, tibize white. Wings tinged yellow

at base and on fore border.

Length 19-20 mm.

Face covered with bright yellow tomentum and with golden-

yellow hairs in centre and on base of cheeks. Beard same

colour, Palpi reddish, but appearing black, being covered

above with grey tomentum and black pubescence, stout at

base, ending in a long point. Antenne bright red, the first

two joints duskier, with black pubescence, the third joint

with a distinct tooth, long andslender. Forehead about eight

times as long as it is broad and a third narrower anteriorly ;

frontal callus long and narrow, not touching eyes, with a

thick lineal extension not quite reaching vertex, which latter

is dark, with black pubescence. Thoraz reddish brown, with

fulvous appressed pubescence, posteriorly and at sides with

longer yellow hairs ; breast-sides yellow, with bright yellow

hairs. Scutellum covered with grey tomentum and with pale

yellowish hairs. Abdomen black, covered with short black

pubescence, with the exception of the first segment, which is

yellowish grey, covered with yellow pubescence; a few black

hairs are visible in the middle ; the second is yellowish grey

at sides, with, however, black pubescence, its posterior border

with yellowish-white hairs, which form a median triangular

spot; the next three segments with traces of a similar

spot; underside black, with white-haired segmentations, a

little yellowish at base, pubescence elsewhere black. Legs

black ; tibiee on their basal two-thirds white, with white

hairs ; fore coxze with yellow tomentum and pubescence; the

pubescence of legs elsewhere black. Wings tinged pale

brown, yellowish at base and on fore border ; veins yellow at

base, then brown. First posterior cell a little narrowed at

border.

Tabanus provincialis, sp. n.

Type (female) and a series in Indian Museum from Arian-

kava, Travancore, EK. Himalayas, and Kurseong, E. Hima-

layas.

“A species resembling Tabanus orientis, Wied., in general

appearance, but at once distinguished from it by the shining

brown subcallus and by the stouter more pointed palpi.

Length 12-14 mm.

Face covered with greyish-white tomentum and rather thick

pubescence. Beard dirty white. Palpi reddish yellow,

stout at point, ending in a fine point, with short black and

some white pubescence. Antenne slender, reddish, the first

546 On new Tabanide from the Oriental Region.

two joints pale yellow, with some black hairs, the third with

a very slight tooth. Subcallus brown, shining, rather pro-

tuberant. Forehead almost parallel, covered with brown

tomentum ; the frontal callus large, nearly square, brown,

not reaching eyes, with another spindle-shaped callus beyond,

not always united to it. Thorax blackish (denuded), with

pale yellow short pubescence and some grey tomentum.

Scutellum reddish, with grey tomentum. Abdomen reddish

yellow, with narrow lighter-coloured segmentations covered

with pale yellowish hairs ; pubescence elsewhere on dorsum

black; underside reddish yellow, not blackish at apex as on

dorsum, the second segment almost wholly covered with

pale hairs, similar to those on the segmentations. Legs

blackish, tibiz reddish yellow. Wings clear, veins brown.

Hematopota litoralis, sp. n.

A long series from the Indian Museum, collected and sent

for identification by Mr. Annandale, from Puri, Orissa Coast,

males and females, with note: ‘ Very common on cactus

hedges during daytime.”

A species allied to H. annandalei and validicornis, Ricardo,

but distinguished from them both by the apical band of wing,

which is double, but narrow. Antenne the same in form,

dark reddish or blackish. Jace with a black band. Frontal

callus black, narrow. Abdomen black, in well-preserved

specimens with very distinct grey spots and median stripe.

Legs black, the pale rings on middle and posterior tibiz

small.

Length 83-11 mm.

Female.—Face greyish white, with a deep black band

below antenne, hairs on face white. Palpi yellowish, at

base covered with grey tomentum and pale pubescence,

beyond with black pubescence. Antenne reddish or blackish,

usually darker above and paler below, the first joint abnor-

mally large and stout, almost as broad as the third joint at its

widest, longer than the third one, with black pubescence;

the second very small, with thick black pubescence; the

third with a broad first annulation, halfway from its base

wide, then becoming a little narrower; the last four joints

forming a small narrow apex. Frontal callus black, narrow,

reaching the eyes, becoming wider at the sides, a small black

spot between antenna. Paired spots large, touching the

eyes, the unpaired one very small; forehead dark, with

yellowish-brown tomentum, greyer at sides, some short black

hairs at vertex. Zhoraw brownish, with pale appressed

A Synopsis of the Genus Liocassis. 547

pubescence, in well-preserved specimens with pale stripes and

spots. Scutellum identical in colour and pubescence. Abdo-

men blackish, with a broad greyish stripe at each side, or sides

greyish, the grey median stripe and spots at sides usually

distinct. Legs blackish, the fore tibia pale at base only, the

middle and posterior tarsi with the first joint almost wholly

whitish. Wings with four well-marked rosettes, the apical

band double, beginning as a broad spot from the apex of

second longitudinal vein, proceeding with its lower branch as

a narrow wavy line to the middle of the second submarginal

cell; its upper branch crosses the apex of wing in a straight

line, but is usually broken up into two or three large spots,

which are often very faint and sometimes obliterated ; below

the lower branch small half-moon white spots begin, one in

the second submarginal cell and two in the other cells as far

as the apical cell, almost touching the pale markings at border

in all the cells ; veins brown, stigma a darker brown.

Male is identical, but smaller, the abdomen more reddish

brown, the spots not distinct. yes copper-coloured, the

large facets take up two-thirds of the eye. Forehead covered

with grey tomentum ; a black spot between the antennz, the

first joint of which is stout, but shorter than the third,

blackish, with grey tomentum, the third reddish. Palpi

yellow, with black hairs.

LXV.— A Synopsis of the Siluroid Fishes of the Genus

Liocassis, with Descriptions of new Species. By C. Tate

ReGaAn, M.A.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Or twenty-four species of Liocassis* all but five, L. naso,

fuscus, mahakamensis, vaillanti, and liacanthus, are represented

in the British Museum collection. Of the last-named I have

seen one of the types, kindly sent to me for examination

* Pimelodus rama, Ham. Buch., from Bengal and Assam, is placed by

Day in Liocassis (Fish India, p. 451, pl, exv. fig. 2); it seems im-

probable that this little fish really belongs to the genus; but, if it does,

the large eye and minute mandibulary barbels distinguish it from all the

other species. Liocassis torosilabris, Sauvage (Ann. Sci. Nat. (6) i.

1874, no. 5, p. 7), from China, is described as having movable labial teeth,

and is doubtless a Bagrichthys, whilst Mlle. Popta has shown that Lio-

cassis macropterus, Vaillant, is a Bagroides (Notes Leyden Mus. xxvii.

p. 228).

548 Mr. C. T. Regan—A Synopsis

by Prof. Max Weber. The species may be distinguished by

means of the following synopsis :—

Species from Siam, Maluy Peninsula and Archipelago.

I. Head covered with smooth skin.

A. Dorsal spine less than 3 length of head; maxillary barbel reaching

pectoral.

Depth of body 5 in the length .......... 1. fuscus, Popta, 1904.

Depth of body 6 in the length .......... 2. mahakamensis, Vaill.,

[1902.

B. Dorsal spine at least 2 length of head,

1. Maxillary barbel reaching pectoral; head nearly as broad as

long yah! yi x fe ikotices Gees 3. stenomus, Cuv. & Val.

2. Maxillary barbel not extending beyond head, which is longer

than broad.

a. Occipital process reaching basal shield of dorsal spine.

Head 12 to 13 as long as broad.......... 4. pecilopterus, Cuy. & Val.

Head 1: as long as broad .............. 5. stamensis, sp. D.

6. Occipital process not reaching basal shield of dorsal spine.

az. Vomerine band of teeth without or with a very short and

blunt median posterior process.

* Caudal peduncle about twice as long as deep.

Occipital process not longer than eye, less

dorsal apie <.. <5. .0;.5 .skegeoicecn oe 6. micropogon, Cuy. & Val.

Occipital process a little longer than eye,

as long as its distance from basal bone [1894.

of dorsal apine s\cJ 002500 + am ee we os 7. saravacensis, Bouleng.,

Occipital process 13 to 2 as long as eye, 2

to 23 as long as its distance from basal

bone of dorsal spine; head 13 as long (1906.

as broad ~ [2 - ssseaheuee ts ee ete . 8. baramensis, Regan,

Occipital process more than twice as long

as eye, 4 times as long as its distance

from basal bone of dorsal spine; head

12 asdong. as broad <2. Wee cnc sells 3 9. merabensis, sp. n.

&. Caudal peduncle 23 to 23 as long as deep.

10. hos, Regan, 1906.

6. Vomerine band of teeth with a strong median posterior

Prajcciion ~.. exe We kee eee .. 11. dorte, sp. n.

II, Upper surface of postorbital part of head naked, rugose ; occipital

rocess meeting basal shield of dorsal spine; snout scarcely pro-

jecting beyond mouth; teeth on palate forming a curved band

without median posterior projection,

A, Supraclavicular plate small, not produced backwards, its lower

edge in contact with basal part of clavicular process.

1. Head nearly as broad as long; pectoral spine as long as head.

12. breviceps, sp. n.

ie APP yl 2

— aria = 9

of the Genus Liocassis. 549

2. Head longer than broad ; pectoral spine shorter than head.

a. Depth of body 53 to 7 in the length; caudal peduncle 23 as

long as deep.

Bony area of upper surface of head with

straight anterior edge; occipital pro-

cess longer than broad ; pelvics reach- (1894.

ing anal; fins immaculate .......... 13. mornatus, Bouleng.,

Bony area of upper surface of head with

emarginate anterior edge; occipital

process broader than long; poles not

nearly reaching anal; dorsal and anal

MSGR GATE DINE Poe one mnt ax ad ons .. 14. vaillanti, sp. n.*

6. Depth of body 43 in the length ; caudal peduncle 12 as long

8S GOGH wanes ugh fice visors 15, rugosus, sp. D.

B. Supraclavicular plate produced backwards into a pointed process.

Supraclavicular process small, not ex-

tending so far back as clavicular { Beaufort, 1912.

BIOCCG. 6 as cnet aati aes sace nek ia 16. iacanthus, Weber &

Supraclavicular process strong, extending (1890.

as far back as clavicular process .... 17. moeschit, Bouleng.,

Species from China and Japan.

I, Snout strongly projecting beyond mouth; caudal deeply forked ;

occipital process rugose; dorsal spine long, serrated. [1864,

18. longirostris, Giinth.,

II, Snout obliquely truncated, projecting beyond mouth ; caudal forked,

the middle rays about 3 as long as the longest ; occipital process

covered by skin.

A. Band of teeth on palate continuous.

Dorsal spine serrated, about 3? length of (1864,

head ; pectoral spine § length of head. 19, crassilabris, Giinth.,

Dorsal spine smooth or slightly serrated, 3

to 2 length of head; pectoral spine

length of head 0.5.22... .cceese . 20. crassirostris, sp. n.

B. Band of teeth on palate divided in middle,

is 21, naso, Garm., 1912.

III. Mouth subterminal.

A. Caudal fin moderately emarginate, the middle rays about 2 as

long as the longest ............ 22. emarginatus, sp. 2.

B. Caudal fin truncate or slightly emarginate.

Occipital process slender, subcutaneous;

length of head 4 to 43 in length of

fish ; caudal peduncle 1} to 1} as long

95 deep | 14/05 dlvistnd yaad Oeeee B46 23. truncatus, sp. n.

Occipital process broad, rugose; length of

head 5 in length of fish; caudal pe-

duncle 2; as long as deep .....,.... 24. teniatus, Giinth., 1873,

as ES rc ae Bee 2G EE RE ATi

* L. moeschii (non Bouleng.), Vaillant, Notes Leyden Mus, xxiv. no. 1,

1902, p. 61, figs. 8 & 9.

550 Mr. C. T. Regan—A Synopsis

Liocassis stamensis, sp. 0.

Depth of body 42 in the length, length of head 33.

Breadth of head 1} in its length, length of snout 33, diameter

of eye 54, interorbital width 32. Head covered with skin;

occipital process nearly three times as long as broad, ex-

tending to basal bone of dorsal spine; snout blunt; nasal

barbel extending to posterior edge of eye ; maxillary barbel

14 as long as outer mandibulary, 2} as long as inner, ex-

tending to operculum ; mouth subterminal; teeth on palate

in a curved band as broad as that of the premaxillaries,

without median process. Dorsal I 7; spine strong, feebly

serrated behind, 2 as long as head; adipose fin as long as its

distance from dorsal spine. Anal15. Pectoral spine # length

of head; inner edge serrated. Pelvics reaching anal.

Caudal forked. Caudal peduncle 1? as long as deep. Yel-

lowish, with brownish cross-bands, which are much broader

than the interspaces, one on head, a second from dorsal to

pectoral and pelvic fins, a third from adipose fin to anal, a

fourth on the caudal peduncle and base of the caudal fin;

rest of caudal pale except for a brownish bar on each lobe.

A single specimen, 90 mm. in length, from the Bangpa-

kong River, Siam, received in 1897 from the Royal Siamese

Museum.

Liocassis merabensis, sp. n.

Depth of body 43 to 5 in the length, length of head 33 to

32. Breadth of head 14 in its length, diameter of eye 8 or 9,

interorbital width 53. Head covered with smooth skin.

Snout moderately broad, rounded, projecting a little beyond

the mouth; nasal barbel nearer eye than end of snout, when

laid back nearly reaching eye; maxillary barbel extending

to middle or posterior edge of eye; occipital process three

times as long as broad, separated by a space equal to } its

own length from basal shield of dorsal spine; clavicular

process not extending beyond middle of pectoral spine.

Vomerine teeth in a curved uninterrupted band, nearly as

broad as that of the preemaxillaries, without or with a very

short and blunt median posterior process. Dorsal I 7; spine

very feebly serrated behind, about % the length of head;

adipose fin 13 or 1? as long as dorsal, longer than its distance

from latter. Anal 14. Pectoral spine from a little more

than 4 to 3 the length of head; inner edge strongly

serrated. Pelvics not quite reaching anal. Caudal forked.

Caudal peduncle twice as long as deep. Brownish ; head

with small dark spots ; above the lateral line two elongate

amd)

of the Genus Liocassis. 551

oval pale yellow areas, the anterior extending to below the

adipose fin, the posterior commencing near end of that fin ;

larger pale areas below lateral line are confluent below ; fins

with blackish basal and intramarginal bands.

Two specimens, 145 and 150 mm. in total length, from

Merabeh, North Borneo, collected by Mr, A. Everett.

Liocassis dori, sp. n.

Depth of body 4# in the length, length of head 3}.

Breadth of head 12 in its length, diameter of eye 8, inter-

orbital width 5. Head covered with smooth skin. Snout

moderately broad, obtusely pointed, 4 the length of head,

projecting beyond the mouth; nasal barbel a little nearer to

eye than to tip of snout, when laid back not quite reaching

the eye; maxillary barbel extending to below the eye; occi-

pital process three times as long as broad, separated by an

interspace a little less than its own length from the basal

shield of the dorsal spine; clavicular process extending to

the middle of the pectoral spine. Vomerine teeth in acurved

uninterrupted band, with a pointed median posterior projec-

tion, extending back nearly as far as the lateral horns.

Dorsal I 7 ; spine very feebly serrated behind, nearly 4 the

length of head. Adipose fin 12 as long as the base of the

dorsal and equal to its distance from the latter. Anal 14.

Pectoral spine a little more than $ the length of head ; inner

edge strongly serrated. Pelvics not quite reaching the origin

of anal. Caudal forked. Caudal peduncle 24 as long as

deep. Brownish, with two oblong pale areas, which may be

confluent, on each side of the posterior part of the body above

the lateral line ; similar pale areas below the lateral line, con-

fluent and meeting in the mid-ventral line ; fins with blackish

basal and intramarginal bands.

A single specimen, 190 mm. in total length, from Borneo,

presented in 1868 by the Marquis G. Doria.

Liocassis breviceps, sp. n.

Depth of body 43-53 in the length, length of head 42-44,

Head nearly as broad as long. Diameter of eye 44-5 in the

length of head. Snout broad, obtuse, 4 the length of head,

scarcely projecting beyond the mouth; nasal barbel a little

nearer to eye than to tip of snout, when laid back extending

to the operculum; the maxillary barbel extending to the

middle of pectoral ; upper surface of head, behind the orbits,

naked, rugose, this bony area with stiaiglht transverse ante-

rior edge; occipital process as long as broad, meeting the

552 Mr. C. T. Regan—dA Synopsis

basal shield of the dorsal spine ; supraclavicular plate small,

not produced backwards. ‘Teeth on the palate in a curved

uninterrupted band, without posterior median process. Dorsal

I 6; spine weakly serrated’ behind, 3 or ? the length of head.

Adipose fin longer than the base of dorsal, but shorter than

its distance from the latter. Anal 14-15. Pectoral spine as

long as the head, with strongly serrated inner edge. Pelvics

not extending to the anal. Caudal deeply forked. Caudal

peduncle twice as long as deep. Greyish ; dorsal with dark

basal and intramarginal bands.

Two specimens, 75 and 90 mm. in total length, from Deli,

Sumatra, collected by Herr Moesch.

Liocassis rugosus, sp. 0.

Depth of body 44 in the length, length of head 4. Head

2 as long as broad. Diameter of eye 8 in the length of

head, interorbital width 33. Snout broad, rounded, 4 the

length of head, scarcely projecting beyond the mouth; nasal

barbel equidistant from eye and tip of snout, when laid back

extending a little beyond the eye ; maxillary barbel nearly

reaching the base of pectoral ; upper surface of head, behind

the orbits, naked, rugose, this bony area with the anterior

edge deeply emarginate ; occipital process as long as broad,

meeting the basal shield of the dorsal spine ; supraclavicular

plate small, not produced backwards, ‘Teeth on the palate in

a curved uninterrupted band, without posterior median pro-

cess. Dorsal I 7; spine feebly serrated behind, 2 the length

of head. Adipose fin 12 as long as the base of dorsal and

longer than its distance from the latter, Anal 15. Pectoral

spine # the length of head, with strongly serrated inner edge.

Pelvics extending to the anal. Caudal forked. Caudal

peduncle 12 as long as deep. Yellowish, with very broad

brown cross-bands, the first ending posteriorly at the origin

of the pelvics, the second above the anal fin, the third on

the caudal peduncle; fins greyish.

A single specimen, 120 mm. in total length, from Poeh,

Sarawak, collected by Mr. A. Everett.

Liocassis crassirostris, sp. 0.

Depth of body 54 in the length, length of head 4 to 44.

Breadth of head 14 in its length, length of snout 22 to 3,

diameter of eye 64 to 64, interorbital width 33. Head

covered with skin; occipital process narrow, as long as

snout, extending beneath skin to basal bone of dorsal spine.

el Me ay *

of the Genus Liocassis. 553

Snout obtuse, projecting beyond the mouth; nasal barbel,

when laid back, reaching middle of eye; outer mandibulary

barbel much longer than inner, but shorter than maxillary

barbel, which nearly reaches the operculum. ‘Teeth on palate

in a curved band. Dorsal 17; spine not serrated, 4 to 3

length of head; adipose fin longer than its distance from the

dorsal. Anal 18. Pectoral spine # length of head; inner

edge serrated. Pelvics reaching anal. Caudal forked, the

middle rays about } as long as the longest. Caudal peduncle

2} to 21 as long as deep. Brownish, with irregular and

discontinuous paler longitudinal stripes; fins dusky towards

the margin.

Kia-tiang-fu, Sze Chuen, China,

Two specimens, 70 and 140 mm. in total length, collected

by Mr. Pratt.

Liocassis emarginatus, sp. n.

Depth of body 6 to 64in the length, length of head 4 to 44.

Breadth of head 1} in its length, diameter of eye 54 to 6,

interorbital width 4 to 5, length of snout 3. Head covered

with skin ; occipital process a little longer than eye, separated

by an interspace not more than 4 its own length from basal

bone of dorsal spine. Snout obtuse, projecting somewhat

beyond mouth ; teeth on palate in a curved band, narrowest

in the middle ; nasal barbel, when laid back, reaching poste-

rior part of eye; inner mandibulary barbel shorter than

outer, which is shorter than maxillary barbel, which reaches

operculum. Dorsal I 7; spine not serrated, 4 length of head

or a little less; adipose fin equal to or a little longer than its

distance from the dorsal. Anal 16-18. Pectoral spine

about $ length of head; inner edge strongly serrated ;

clavicular process extending well beyond its middle. Pelvics

extending to vent. Caudal emarginate, the middle rays

about 2 as long as the longest. Caudal peduncle 2 to 24 as

long as deep. Coloration apparently yellowish, with dark

blotches.

Four specimens, 80 to 115 mm, in total length, from Kia-

tiang-fu, Sze Chuen, collected by Mr. Pratt.

Liocassis truncatus, sp. n.

Depth of body 54 to Gin the length, length of head 4 to 4},

Breadth of head 1} to 13 in its length, length of snout 3 to 34,

diameter of eye 5 to 6, interorbital width 34 to 4. Head

covered with skin; occipital process slender, a little shorter

than snout, usually extending to basal bone of dorsal spine.

554 Mr. W. L. Distant on

Snout blunt, scarcely projecting beyond mouth ; nasal barbel,

when laid back, extending to posterior edge of eye ; outer

mandibulary barbel much longer than inner, but shorter than

maxillary barbel, which just reaches operculum. Teeth on

palate in a curved band, which is narrowest in the middle.

Dorsal 7; spine not or but feebly serrated, 4 length of

head; adipose fin longer than its distance from dorsal.

Anal 18-20. Pectoral spine serrated, 2 length of head ;

clavicular process extending beyond its middle. Pelvies

nearly or quite reaching anal. Caudal slightly emarginate

or truncate. Caudal peduncle 13 to 12 as long as deep.

Brownish, with traces of longitudinally expanded pale areas ;

fins with dusky margins.

Five specimens, 75 to 130 mm. in total length, from Kia-

tiane-fu.

In the largest specimen there is an interspace between the

occipital process and the basal bone of the dorsal spine, but it

evidently belongs to the same species asthe others. L. tenta-

tus, Giinth., differs in the smaller head, broader and rugose

occipital process, and the more slender caudal peduncle.

LXVI.— On a small Collection of Rhynchota made by

Mr. David R. Tait at Henderson's Island. By W. L.

DISTANT.

HENDERSON’S (or, perhaps, as it is better known, Elizabeth)

Island is only about five miles in length, and in the remote

Pacific region : lat. 24° 21’ S. and long. 128° 18! W. The

fine species of Catacanthus here described is probably not

endemic, but a migrant from some of the larger and little-

known islands in this area.

The types are in the British Museum.

HETEROPTERA.

Fam. Pentatomide.

Subfam. Scurerterr a.

Coleotichus sp. ?

A single specimen, which I have been unable to identify.

Rhynchota from Henderson's Island. 555

Subfam. Peyraromurz.

Catacanthus taiti, sp. n.

Head, pronotum, scutellum, and corium resplendent

bronzy green ; lateral margins to pronotum and two trans-

verse spots with dark centres near the anterior pronotal

margin, apex of scutellum, claval margins, lateral and

apical margins and veins to corium, ochraceous; membrane

bronzy black, the apical area much paler and bronzy brown ;

body beneath and legs pale ochraceous ; rostrum ochraceous,

its apex piceous ; antennae with the first and second joints

brownish ochraceous, remaining joints black ; basal joint

extending beyond apex of head, second, third, and fourth

joints slightly but regularly increasing in length, fifth almost

subequal in length to fourth, antenniferous tubercles visible

from above; head obscurely transversely wrinkled, the

central lobe a little projecting beyond the lateral lobes ; pro-

notum finely transversely wrinkled and obscurely punctate,

the lateral margins acute and reflexed, their anterior angles

acutely shortly spinous; scutellum wrinkled and _ finely

punctate, the basal area moderately convex, beyond which is

a central longitudinal ridge not reaching apex, which just

extends over the base of membrane; corium distinctly and

somewhat thickly punctate; connexivum exposed beyond

basal third of corium, ochraceous, with large blackish spots

at the segmental incisures ; membrane extending considerably

beyond the apex of the abdomen, veins numerous and simple ;

rostrum reaching the posterior coxe ; abdominal spine long,

its apex recurved, not quite reaching the anterior cox;

anterior tibiz a little dilated, posterior tibiz slightly curved.

Long. 20 to 23 mm.

A peculiarity in this species, and one found also in several

other species of Catacanthus, is in having the spiracles of

the basal ventral segment exposed, not hidden by the meta-

sternum. This character, strictly applied, would locate these

species in the Tessaratomine, but it has recently been shown

that this course is not of universal application. Thusin 1§81

I described the genus Delocephalus and on the exposure of

the spiracles placed it in the Tessaratominz, for which

Horvath proposed a distinct tribal division, Delocephalini,

and in which Schouteden described a second species. The

last-named writer has since, and I think correctly, transferred

the genus to the Phyllocephalinew. Another recent instance

is of a genus correctly placed by Westwood and Stal in the

Dinidorine, and incorrectly transferred on these characters

alone by Bergroth to the Tessaratominee.

C, taiti is allied to C. viridicatus, Dist.

(op)

On Rhynchota from Henderson's Island.

HOMOPTERA.

Fam. Fulgoride.

Subfam. Jssrvz.

Devagama insularis, sp. n.

Vertex brownish ochraceous; pro- and mesonota dull

ochraceous; body beneath and legs paler ochraceous ;

tegmina dull greyish opaque, the venation (except in a pale

central area) castaneous, on each side of the pale central

area more or less suffused with dark castaneous, sometimes

fasciately so, in other specimens almost obsoletely shaded ;

abdomen above broadly banded with piceous; face ochra-

ceous, centrally shaded with piceous ; clypeus dark casta-

neous ; head broad, including eyes as wide as pronotum ;

vertex quadrangular, with a transverse ridge before anterior

margin, its posterior margin moderately concave, its lateral

margins ridged, an obscure central ridge in front of the

transverse ridge ; face a little concave at anterior margin,

longer than broad, posteriorly slightly ampliate and rounded,

centrally obscurely carinate and with a curved discal sub-

lateral carination on each side ; pronotum with its posterior

margin truncate, anteriorly subtriangularly produced and

with a faint central longitudinal ridge, margins of both pro-

and mesonota carinate; tegmina placed vertically, strongly

ampliated posteriorly, the apical margin somewhat rounded,

a distinct series of short apical veins, which are continued

round apex on posterior edge of costal area,

Long., incl. tegm., 54 mm.

1 originally founded the genus Devagama for the reception

of two Oriental species.

Devagama fasciata, sp. n.

A smaller species than D. insularis, the tegmina shorter

and comparatively broader, the venation on the middle and

apical areas pale and almost concolorous, the central pale

area margined with two dark castaneous transverse fascize

which are inwardly united; abdomen above ochraceous;

body beneath and legs ochraceous; apical margins of

tegmina broadly rounded; pro- and mesonota subequal in

length.

Long., incl. tegm., 44 mm,

Devagama maculata, sp. n.

Size and shape of D. fusciata, the anterior angles of vertex

On new Marine Gastropoda, 557

more pronounced and acute ; tegmina with the venation dark

ochraceous, that belonging to the short apical cells black, on

basal half some prominent bnt irregularly shaped and sized

black spots, and near centre a curved ochraceous discal fascia ;

body beneath testaceous, legs testaceous.

Long., incl. tegm., 44 mm.

Fam. Cercopida.

Clovia insignis, sp. 0.

Vertex ochraceous, narrow lateral margins (somewhat dis-

continuous) black; pronotum black, with a broad central

longitudinal fascia, not reaching anterior margin, ochra-

ceous; scutellum pale ochraceous; tegmina black, apical

areas of clavus (but not the claval suture), and broad, sinuate

lateral margins, abruptly widening posteriorly, more or less

ochraceous ; body beneath and legs ochraceous ; head as

broad as pronotum, about as long as breadth between eyes ;

narrowed and subacutely rounded anteriorly ; pronotum

distinctly transversely striate, strongly excavate before base

of scutellum ; scutellum longer than broad, obscurely trans-

versely striate; tegmina finely punctate; face somewhat

convex, but distinctly flattened on disk; clypeus not quite

reaching the apices of the anterior coxze; apex of rostrum

black ; posterior tibie bispinose ; apices of tarsi black.

Long. 7 mm.

LXVII.—Descriptions of Eight new Marine Gastropoda,

mostly from Japan. By G. B. Sowrrsy, F.L.S.

[Plate IX.]

Cominella fortilirata, sp.n. (Fig. 1.)

Testa elongato-fusiformis, imperforata, solidiuscula, sordide albida,

epidermide fusca tenuiter induta; spira elongata, elata, pyrami- -

dalis ; anfractus 6, convexi, spiraliter quinque lirati; liris elevatis,

crassis, leviter complanatis ; interstitiis excavatis, oblique filo-

striatis ; anfractus ultimus spiram circiter «quans; liris 15,

munitus, antice leviter concavus; apertura subpyriformis, intus

sulcata, albida; columella rectiuscula, albida, layis.

Long. 55, maj. diam. 33 mm,

Hab, Urup, Kuril Islands.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xi. 33

558 Mr. G. B. Sowerby on

Readily distinguished by its exceedingly strong elevated

lire ; compared with C. porcata it is much more elongate in

form.

Phos hirasei, sp.n. (Fig. 2.)

Testa oblongo-fusiformis, albida, pallide stramineo tincta; maculis

paucis fuscis irregulariter conspersa; spira acuminata, ad apicem

acuta; anfractus 10, convexi, primi 2-3 leves, nigro tincti, se-

quentes hic illic irregulariter varicosi, spiraliter tenuiter lirati,

longitudinaliter tenuissime striati; costis longitudinalibus nume-

rosis rotundatis muniti; sutura impressa; anfractus ultimus

spiram vix equans, convexus, antice constrictus ; columella con-

torta, biplicata ; apertura ovata, intus lirata; labrum acutum.

Long. 38, maj. diam. 17 mm.

Hab. Kii, Japan.

A typical Phos, but differing from those hitherto known.

Compared with P. varicosus, it is larger and its whorls are

more roundly convex.

Conus meleus, sp.n. (Fig. 3.)

Testa cylindracea, solidiuscula, albida, flammis et balteis luteis

ornata; spira breviter conica; anfractus 9, vix concayi, spiraliter

lirati; angulum obtusiusculum, leviter undulatum; anfractus

ultimus convexiusculus, antice grano-liratus.

Long. 29, maj. diam. 15 mm.

Hab. Kii, Japan.

At first sight this is just like the West-Indian C. flavescens,

but it is readily distinguished by the lire of the spiral whorls,

the spiral whorls of the West-Indian species being invariably

smooth.

Conus hedgest, sp.u. (Fig. 4.)

Testa elongato-turbinata, solidiuscula, pallide ceruleo-grisea maculis

fuscis minutis lineisque diversiformibns in fasciis 3-4, elegantis-

sime ornata, antice regulariter oblique sulcata, aliter levis;

lateribus rectiusculis, vix convexis ; angulum leviter rotundatum,

haud coronatum ; spira mediocriter elata, concava, acutissime

eonica; anfractus 11, primi 2 leves, subpapillari, sequentes 3-4

gradati, deinde concavi, spiraliter conspicue lirati; apertura recta,

intus violacea.

Long. 32, maj. diam. 16 mm,

Hab. ?

A pretty, delicately coloured shell, with rather quaintly

and diversely formed markings, ranging from fine, hair-like,

new Marine Gastropoda. 559

zigzag lines to small spots and transverse bands. The

interior of the mouth is beautifully coloured.

The type is the largest of the only three specimens I have

seen,

Fusus mollis, sp.n. (Fig. 5.)

Testa fusiformis, solidiuscula, pallide straminea; spira acute pyra-

midata; anfractus 8, leviter convexi, spiraliter subobsolete

striati, costis latis longitudinalibus circiter 8 instructi ; anfractus

ultimus spiram superans fere levis, antice rostratus; rostrum

leviter recurvum, mediocriter longum; apertura ovata, intus

lirata; columella alba, levis, arcuata.

Long. 40, maj. diam. 15 mm.

Hab. ?

Although this shell is finely spirally striated, especially on

the upper whorls, in general aspect it has a peculiarly smooth

waxy appearance.

Pseudomurex crebrilamellosus, sp.n. (Fig. 6.)

Testa acuminato-ovata, alba umbilicata; spira acute pyramidata ;

anfractus 10, convexi, obscure biangulati, liris numerosis eximie

squamosis spiraliter instructi, longitudinaliter late-costati; an-

fractus ultimus latus, perconvexus, basin versus concavo con-

strictus ; lira crassa, arcuata, rugose squamosa munitus ; apertura

subcircularis, antice breviter canaliculata, intus sulcata; colu-

mella levis, leviter arcuata.

Long. 27, maj. diam. 17 mm.

Hab. Kii, Japan.

Very closely and beautifully ]amellated throughout. The

shell has an acutely conical form, and is clearly distinguish-

able from those hitherto known.

Chlorestoma collicula, sp.n. (Fig. 7.)

Testa depresse turbinata, profunde umbilicata, nigrescens, irregu-

lariter rugosa; spira late conica, convexa; anfractus 5, primi

complanati, aliter convexi; anfractus ultimus latus, ad _peri-

pheriam rotunde angulatus ; basis leviter convexus, area centrali

alba ; umbilicus circularis, profundus, latiusculus ; apertura lati-

uscula, intus margaritacea; peristoma acutum, nigro-fusco mar-

ginatum ; columella obliqua, binodulosa.

Alt, 17, diam. 25 mm. és

Hab. Hidako, Yesso, Japan.

This species is nearly allied to C. umbilicatum, Lischke,

but the surface of the shell is smoother, lacking the oblique

rugose ridges characteristic of that species. if

560 Mr. E. E. Austen ~*~

Margarita obliqua, sp.n. (Fig. 8.)

Testa oblique-ovata, umbilieata, tenuiuscula, fusca; spira depressa,

convexa; anfractus 4, rotunde convexi, oblique tenuiter striati;

anfractus ultimus latus, dextrorsum expansus ; umbilicus medio-

criter latus; apertura expansa, intus margaritacea; peristoma

tenue, continuum.

Alt. 8, diam, 12 mm.

Hab. Urup, Kuril Islands.

Distinguished chiefly by its obliquely inflated form,

EXPLANATION OF PLATE IX.

Fig. 1. Cominella fortilirata.

Fig. 2. Phos hirasei.

Fig. 3. Conus meleus.

Fig. 4. hedgest.

Fig. 5. Fusus mollis.

Fig. 6. Pseudomurex crebrilamellosus.

Fig. 7. Chlorestoma collicula.

Fig. 8. Margarita obliqua.

LX VIII.—WNotes on the Synonymy contained in Dr. Bequaert’s

recently published Paper on Tabanidie collected in Belgian

Congo*. By Ernest E. Austen.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Tue paper by Dr. Bequaert forming the subject of the

present communication contains a number of misapprehen-

sions which it seems desirable to correct without delay. The

subjoined notes deal solely with species, and are not concerned

with questions relating to genera, otherwise it would not be

difficult to show that Dorcalemus, Austen, which is regarded

by Bequaert as a subgenus of Pangonia, Latr., is really

entitled to generic rank.

Chrysops fusca, Ric., is the ¢ of C. stigmaticalis, Lw., not

of C. distinctigennis, Austen, as suggested by Bequaert.

(t. cit. pp. 222-223). The g mentioned by Dr. Bequaert

* “Tabanides recueillis au Congo Belge par la Mission pour L’Etude

de la Maladie du Sommeil.—I. Pangoniine.” Par le Dr. J. Bequaert.

(‘ Revue Zoologique Africaine,’ vol, ii, fase. 2, Février 1913, pp. 218-231.)

Tabanide from the Belyian Congo. 561

(p. 222) under the name Chrysops fusca is probably not the

true C, fusca, Ric. (= C. stigmaticalis, Lw.), but belongs to

C. distinctipennis, Austen,

Pangonia neavei, Beq. (nec Diatomineura neavei, Austen).

—Dr. Bequaert regards Diatomineura inornata, Austen,

which was described from a single ? in the British Museum

collection, as conspecific with Diatomineura neavei, Austen,

d (nec 2), and he terms this supposed species Pangonia

neavet (p. 224). A very brief re-examination and com-

parison of the types of Diatomineura neavei, Austen, and

D. inornata, Austen, is, however, sufficient to confirm pre-

vious conclusions, and to show that these types respectively

belong to two perfectly distinct species. As stated by the

present writer at the end of the original description of

Diatomineura neavei, Austen (Bull. Ent. Res. i. p. 281,

January 1911) :— This fine species .... is evidently allied

to Diatomineura (Corizoneura) distincta, Ricardo... . to

which, in both sexes, it presents a general resemblance in

appearance, besides agreeing with it in the character of the

sexual colour-dimorphism.” Diatomineura inornata, Austen,

on the other hand, has a very different facies, and, in the

female sex at any rate, is distinguished from D. neavei,

Austen, inter alia, by having a pair of small, brown, facial

calli, instead of a single, large, black callus, and by the very

different colour of the abdomen and legs, and of the costa

cells in the wings. Pangonia neaveit, Beq. (nee Diatomi-

neura neavei, Austen), is therefore the designation of a false

concept and not of a species, and must accordingly be

dropped.

Pangonia austeni, Beq. (p. 225).—Dr. Bequaert considers

that Diatomineura neavet, Austen, 2, and Pangonia infusca,

Austen, 3, belong to the same species, for which he proposes

Pangonia austeni as a nomen novum. In this case again

Dr. Bequaert, who states that the only difference between

Diatomineura neavei, Austen, 2 ,and Pangonia infusca, Austen,

¢, is to be found in the venation, is evidently under a com.

plete misapprehension, The present writer’s belief in the

correctness of the concept to which he applied the designation

Diatomineura neavei has already been reaffirmed. The types

of both sexes of Pangonia infusca, Austen, as also those of

both sexes of Diatomineura neavei, Austen, are contained in

the British Museum collection ; in the former case the sexes

are alike as regards the colour and markings of the body,

and in respect of markings are very different from the 2? of

562 Mr. G. T. Bethune-Baker on new

Diatomineura neavei, Austen. Other striking differences, to

which it is here unnecessary to refer, also exist, and no one

who compares the types of these two species can have the

slightest doubt that specifically they are absolutely distinct.

The designation Pangonia austeni, Beq., must therefore be

cancelled.

Silvius schoutedeni, Beg. (p. 281), nom. nov. for Szlvius

fallax, Austen (Bull. Ent. Res. iii. p. 113, August 1912).—

The change in nomenclature here proposed by Dr. Bequaert

is due to a suggestion long ago tentatively put forward by

Loew (‘ Dipt.-Fauna Siidafrika’s,’ p. 21, 1860), and recently

definitely adopted by Surcouf (‘ ftude Mon. des Tabanides

d’Afrique,’ p. 206, 1909), namely that Tabanus fallax, Macq.

(Dipt. Exot., Suppl. i. p. 32, 1846),—a species the type of

which was stated to be from Caffraria—is a Silvius. If this

were so, the designation Silvius fallax, Austen, would of course

be a homonym. Tabanus fallax, Macq., however, is not a

Silvius, but belongs to an at present undescribed genus

allied to Hinea. There is consequently no necessity for a

change of name, and Silvius schoutedeni, Beq., is a synonym

of Silvius fallax, Austen.

LXIX.—Deseriptions of new Species of Lepidoptera from

Africa and the East. By G. T. Brernune-Baker,

P.1S., FZ8.

Hypsida.

Digama budonga, sp. n.

3. Head, palpi, and thorax neutral grey, spotted with

blackish ; abdomen yellow, with black dorsal spots ; ventral

surface pale straw-colour, with a lateral row of black spots.

Primaries neutral grey, with blackish markings that largely

cover the entire surface; the basal area is almost entirely

mottled over with black, leaving but little grey visible ; it

might be described as having three parallel black stripes

confluent with each other ; outside these is a black dot in the

cell with all the veins black, a postmedian strongly angled

stripe, much blotched, especially on the fold, a subterminal

deeply angled and serrate black stripe more or less confluent

—— "=. eee

cad

Ta a

- oo eThse.

ee eee gk ee ee oe

Lepidoptera yrom Africa and the East. 563

with its predecessor; termen darkly dotted. Secondaries

uniform pale orange-yellow.

Expanse 36 mm.

Hab. Budongo Forest (Masindi), E.C. Africa.

Type in my collection.

Nearest to D. meridionalis, Swinhoe.

Noctuida.

SYNGATHA, gen. nov.

Proboscis small; palpi small, porrect. Eyes large. Pri-

maries with apex slightly produced; termen slightly excised

to vein 4, rapidly receding from vein 3. Neuration with

vein 2 from near the middle of the cell, 3 from just before

the angle, 5 from above the angle, 6 from upper angle,

7 from ariole, 9 from 10 anastomosing with 8 to form the

ariole, 11 anastomosing shortly with 10 to form a pseudo-

ariole. Secondaries with 3 from immediately before the

angle, 5 from about the middle of the cell, 6 and 7 from

upper angle.

‘Type, Syngatha elegans, B-B.

Syngatha elegans, sp. n.

6. Both wings clear pale straw-yellow, with the basal

half of the wings pink. Primaries with the costa reddish

brown, expanding outwards along vein 3 and becoming more

orange beyond the cell ; in the middle of this area is a small

triangular spot of the ground-colour; middle of costa nar-

rowly pale straw-colour, subapical area pale straw-colour; a

fine, dark, erect, curved line below the end of the cell to the

inner margin ; lower radial and tornal area pale straw-yellow ;

termen pointed with red. Secondaries with the basal three-

quarters pinkish, in which are the irregular, fine, antemedian

and postmedian dark lines; postmedian area pale straw-

yellow; termen darkly and very finely pointed.

Expanse 20 mm.

Hab. N’ Dalla Tando, Angola, 2700 feet ; November (An-

sorge).

‘ype in my collection.

Detrorpin2.

Plecoptera ansorgei, sp. 0.

6. Head and thorax dull pale chocolate-brown, Pri-

maries pale lilac-brown, with a pale waved antemedian line,

564 Mr. G. T, Bethune-Baker on new

bordering which externally is a dark chocolate costal patch,

followed by a large oblique costal patch in the postmedian

area, which is straight on its inner edge but dentate exter-

nally; a waved and produced sand crenulate obscure pale

subterminal line ; subapical and costal area darkish brown ;

termen finely darkish brown, edged externally by a fine

defined cream-coloured line, which has a sharp serration above

the middle and is slightly crenulated near the tornus. Second-

aries dirty brown.

Expanse 34 mm.

Hab. N’ Dalla Tando, Angola, 2700 feet (Ansorge).

Type in my collection.

RHOPALOCERA.

LIpreNInz.

TUMEREPEDES, gen. nov.

Palpi shortish, end segment naked and nearly as long as

the two first segments together; legs with the femora and

tibiz all swollen, the femora of the mid pair being least

swollen. Antenne shortish, tapering very slowly into a

narrow club, with segmental divisions marked and visible

under a low-power lens. Wings: primaries with costa very

highly arched at the base, then evenly curved to apex;

termen produced evenly outwards, inner margin excised

from before the middle to near the tornus. Secondaries ample,

subovate, long, with termen fairly evenly rounded. Neura-

tion: primaries with cell less than half the length of the

wing, veins 2 and 3 from near together from well before the

lower angle, 4 from the lower angle, 5 from the upper angle,

6 from the cell, 8 and 9 stalked on a very long stalk from 7,

which rises from about a quarter along the cell ; 10 and 11

long, the latter rising near the middle of the cell but rather

nearer the base than the end of the cell; the lower disco-

cellular markedly stronger than the upper part. Secondaries

with veins 3 and 4 stalked on a short stalk from the lower

angle of the cell, 5 from above the middle, 6 from the upper

angle, 7 from the cell, 8 shortish, highly arched at the base,

Type, Tumerepedes flava, B-B.

This genus appears to be nearest to Vevia, but though the

neuration appears similar in the primaries (it is not so in the

secondaries), it is in reality quite different, and tlie cells in

both wings are different in shape,

Lepidoptera from Africa and the East. 565

Tumerepedes flava, sp. n.

?. Head, thorax, abdomen, and both wings ochreous

yellow. Primaries with the costa broadly blackish and the

termen very broadly blackish, the yellow area being evenly

rounded off by these borders on its posterior margin. Second.

aries rather duller yellow than the primaries, with a very

broad blackish termen, which tapers off evenly and rapidly to

the anal angle and to just beyond the apex,

Expanse 41 mm.

Hab. Upper Niger.

‘Type in my collection. -

Mimacrea masinde, sp. n.

3g. Primaries brown, with a subapical, creamy-yellow,

oblique broad band just below the apex and almost touching

the costa; inner margin to vein 1a and a large patch below

the latter half of the cell extending up to and somewhat

along vein 4 nearly up to the lower edge of the oblique band

orange ; the patch tapers down from vein 4 into the tornus.

Secondaries brown, with nearly all the cell orange (except at

the extreme base and along its upper margin) and the whole

of the median area orange also, extending very broadly right

across the wing. Underside: primaries as the upperside,

with the addition of dagger-shaped radiations as in the

secondaries in the terminal area. Secondaries yellowish grey,

with four basal spots arranged diagonally, beyond which are

four spots in a curve, the lower two being close together, the

upper part of the upper discoidal with a black spot on it ;

the outer area up to the cell with dagger-shaped radiations of

dirty ochreous, edged internally with grey and having a

central dirty ochreous streak ; between the radiations are long,

fine, wedge-shaped, grey stripes; termen finely dark, fringes

ochreous.

Expanse 58 mm.

Hab. Budongo Forest, Masindi, B.E. Africa,

‘l'ype in my collection.

Lycxzyinz.

Pithecops urai, sp. n.

g. Both wings deep lustrous blue over the cell and for

about half of the lower radial area, the rest of the wings

black. Underside: both wings pure white, with a bright

yellow submarginal line, which in the primaries js complete

566 Mr. G. T. Bethune-Baker on new

but in the secondaries extends from about vein 2 to vein 7;

there is a trace of a marginal series of black points in both

wings which is definite in the secondaries ; a large black

subapical spot is present also in the secondaries. The fringes

of the primaries are brownish, in the secondaries they are

white, with a black dot at the end of each vein,

Expanse 32 mm.

Hab. Urai, North Formosa.

Type in my collection.

This species, which was brought home by Mr. Elwes, and

of which specimens are now in the National Collection, is

very close indeed to marie, but it has a greater extent of

blue above ; so close did if appear to be (though there was

something that made me think it was distinct) that to be quite

sure about it I mounted the male sexual armature of both,

from which it became evident that they were distinct species ;

the clasps and the edeagus are very different in shape, and

the tegumen likewise shows definite distinctions.

Waigeum mioswara, sp. n.

Primaries dark brown, with a broad white band running

along the lower margin of the cell and halfway along vein 4,

the outer border being indefinite; on the cell are a few

scattered brilliant metallic-blue scales. Secondaries dark

brown, with a broad white band across the base of the wing

from the inner margin to near the apex of the costa. Under-

side: primaries with the white band more extensive and

whiter ; an irregular, broadish, brilliant, metallic-blue costal

stripe, curved more narrowly round the black cellular and

upper radial area, and recurved basewards along vein 4;

a subterminal brilliant blue line, interrupted at the veins.

Secondaries with a black basal costal patch surrounded with

brilliant blue scales; an oblique broad white band right

across the wing, edged by a brilliant blue line which borders

the deep black area extending up to the termen, and in which

is an oblique, broad, brilliant metallic-blue band, extending

from the inner margin to vein 6, at which point it is broadest

and has an evenly rounded termination ; ; a broadish terminal

line of brilliant blue.

Expanse 43 mm.

Hab. Isle of Misowar, Geelvink Bay, Dutch New Guinea

(Pratt).

Type in Coll. Kenrick.

Near subceruleum, G. Sm., also near Hypochrysops herdo-

nius, Hew.

4D el” i CR Bh, i L

feo eee tk Pe a a) ee

Lepidoptera from Africa and the East. 567

Waigeum uty?, sp. n.

3. Primaries blackish, with the cell filled with metallic

bright greenish-blue scales, which extend well between veins

3 to 8; a broad white stripe commencing in the middle of

the fold, tapering up narrowly to vein 3, yeins 2 and 3 inter-

rupting it and giving it the appearance of three diminishing

white spots. Secondaries blackish, with a restricted black

base, followed by a very broad and definite oblique white

band right across the wing and extending to the apex; some

metallic bright greenish scales between veins 2and 5. Under-

side: primaries black, with the white area more extensive

and curved up to above vein 4, where it is produced some-

what towards the termen; a metallic bronzy-green stripe

runs through the lower area of the cell and beyond a short

way along vein 4; a broad metallic bronzy-green stripe

occupies the subcostal region, bending round before the apex

and bordering the white area, along which it runs, almost

touching the stripe along vein 4; a similar metallic terminal

line is interrupted at the veins. Secondaries with the basal

black area restricted but extending finely along two-thirds of

the costa, and bordered above with metallic bronzy green ;

the white oblique band is very broad and definite, and is

finely edged on each side with metallic bronzy green; the

rest of the area is deep black, and in it in the postmedian

area is a defined, broadish, waved, metallic bronzy-green

stripe tapering to a point below the apex; the terminal

bronzy-green stripe is narrow at the apex and gradually

increases in width to the anal angle, up which it curves and

almost meets the postmedian stripe,

Expanse 46 mm.

Hab. Uty River, Dutch New Guinea (Pratt).

Type in Coll. Kenrick.

Waigeum pratti, sp. n.

36. Both wings black, with white transverse bands and

bright metallic greenish-blue scales. Primaries with the

base, cell, all the upper radial area, a broad stripe down

the lower radial area outside the white area, and the whole of

the inner margin, brilliant metallic greenish blue ; the white

area scarcely extends below the cell, but is from vein 1 to

nearly vein 4, each of the three internervular patches being

smaller than its predecessor, the third being little more than

an obscure spot. Secondaries with the very restricted basal

area black, almost all covered with metallic greenish blue;

568 Mr. G. T. Bethune-Baker on new

the white oblique band is very broad to about the end of the

cell; in the angle of veins 2 to 4 is a small triangular

greenish-blue patch and an interneural terminal series of

greenish-blue patches from vein 6 to the angle gradually

increasing in size. Underside: primaries with the base and

costal areas black, including the cell and all above vein 4,

the rest of the wing white, with a broad black termen; a

subcostal broad curved stripe of brilliant metallic blue ex-

tending in an even curve finely down to vein 4; a terminal

line of the same colour interrupted at the veins. Secondaries

with the basal black area much restricted and not extended

along the costa ; ashort, broadish, basal, metallic-blue curved

dash ; white band occupying the same position as on the

upperside and finely edged with metallic blue, the lower edge

being somewhat interrupted; in the postmedian area is a

metallic-blue waved stripe, which meets on vein 6 a fine

trace of a similarly coloured line, descending and touching it

again at the anal angle ; this line is edged externally by a

whitish stripe ; a broadish terminal metallic-blue line.

Expanse 48 mm.

Hab. Uty River, Dutch New Guinea (Pratt).

Type in Coll. Kenrick.

‘his is somewhere near ribbei (Rober), but the underside

of the secondaries is quite different,

Hypochrysops mioswara, sp. 0.

3. Both wings sooty brown, Primaries with the basal

half of the fold and part of the inner margin filled with

brilliant metallic green, ending triangularly about vein 2 ;

above this in the internervular spaces between veins 2 and

4 are obscure indications of whitish patches. Secondaries

with the base dark very restrictedly, and covered with

metallic-greenish sheen; median and first part of submedian

area white, dusky on the costa and abdominal fold; rest of

wing sooty brown ; fringes blackish, with fine white inter-

sections. Underside: primaries with costa chestnut-brown

over the cell, becoming red beyond up to apex and down the

termen, tapering off finely to about vein 1a; costal vein and

upper margin of cell lustrous metallic bluish, with a series of

three small metallic spots beyond the cell, with three more

beyond these and two along the costa about in a line with

the costal vein ; beyond these spots a small crescentic dash of

white; a terminal row of lustrous bluish metallic spots ;

lower part of cell black; base of fold brown; terminal red

area broadly edged with sooty brown from vein 4 to tornus.

Lepidoptera from Africa and the East. 569

Secondaries white, with the basal three-quarters of the wing

creamy white; a restricted area above the costal vein at

base deep crimson; termen broadly more or less deep crimson,

excavated between veins 4 and 6, increasing in width below

4 to the inner margin, with interneural terminal dashes of

lustrous metallic bluish wliich extend a little distance up the

inner margin.

Expanse 38 mm.

Hab. Isle of Mioswar, New Guinea; October (Pratt).

‘'ype in Coll. Kenrick.

Bindahara arfaki, sp. n.

3. Primaries with the base to nearly the end of the cell,

the costa nearly to vein 4, and the termen exceedingly

broadly black, leaving a large inverted U-shaped patch over

the postmedian area to the inner margin white. Secondaries

with the base black, very restricted; the median and post-

median area white right across the wing ; terminal area very

broadly black, increasing in width to the anal angle; lobe-

spot black, bordered externally with metallic bluish ; a fine

bluish metallic terminal line from vein 3 to the tail and a

central metallic bluish line all down the centre of the long

black tail. Underside: both wings white. Primaries with

three transverse broad black bands from the costa across the

cel], the two outer ones broadly confluent on the costa; two

broad wedge-shaped black bands from the costa to vein 4

beyond the cell ; termen broadly blackish for half the radial

area, bisected by an obscure whitish line. Secondaries with

a blackish wedge-shaped basal patch from the costa to the

origin of vein 2 ; a broad blackish basal stripe extending all

along the fold, and touching finely the very broad black

terminal area, which is bisected by a more obscure whitish

line than in the primaries ; the anal angle of this black area

is suffused indefinitely with yellowish from the inner margin

to vein 5; lobe-spot and tail as in the upper surface, with

the addition of a metallic-blue interneural dash below vein 2

and a trace of a second between veins 2 and 3,

EXxpanse 46 mm.

Hab, Warmasin, 6000 feet, Arfak Mountains, Dutch New

Guinea; February (Pratt),

Type in Coll. Kenrick.

Geometride.

Negla nudalla, sp. n.

gS. Head and thorax whitish grey, the latter spotted with

570 Mr. G. T. Bethune-Baker on new

black ; abdomen slightly yellowish, spotted with black

dorsally and laterally. Both wings palest straw-colour,

almost white, with dark brownish-grey markings. Primaries

with various small spots in the basal and antemedian area;

a very broad-angled median dark band, followed by a narrow

dentate line, which is confluent in the upper radial area with

the dark apical area, which is of very large dimensions and is

confluent with the broad dark termen ; in the lower radial

area are a few small dark spots. Secondaries with a broad

median band; a strongly curved postmedian dentate line with

a few small spots on each side of it; terminal area with large

interneural scalloped spots, those between veins 4 and 7

being confluent; the termen itself is very highly scalloped

interneurally.

9. Primaries like the male, except that the subbasal spots

develop into an antemedian line, whilst the whole of the

dark markings beyond this are confluent, leaving a very

small and irregular whitish area in the lower radial region.

The same thing applies to the secondaries, most of the

markings of the median area up to the termen being confluent,

leaving only a little whitish isolated area here and there.

Expanse, ¢ ?,50 mm.

Hab. N’Dalla ‘Tando, Angola; November to January.

‘Type in my collection.

Prasinocyma tandt, sp. n.

d. Head and thorax pale green; abdomen yellowish.

Both wings pale emerald-green of mottled appearance, some-

what hyaline, with minute white vertical dashes scattered

over the wing and forming obscure antemedian and postmedian

lines, the latter being oblique, the lines being more discernible

in the primaries than in the secondaries.

Expanse 28 mm.

Hab. N’Dalla Tando; November (Ansorge).

Type in my collection.

Next unipuncta, Warren.

Prasinocyma enospila, sp. n.

¢@. Head, thorax, and abdomen pale green. Both wings

pale grass-green. Primaries with three or four dark points

across the median area and a postmedian slightly oblique

row of dark points; a small dark terminal patch between

veins 1a and 2; termen finely dark. Secondaries with an

irregular postmedian series of dark points and a dark spot

Papeete 2"

Lepidoptera from Africa and the East. 571

on the inner margin a quarter from the base ; termen finely

dark.

Expanse 32 mm.

flab. N’ Dalla Tando; October and November (Ansorge).

Type in my collection.

Heterorachis prouti, sp. n.

3. Head, thorax, and abdomen creamy grey. Both wings

palest emerald-green, very thinly scaled. Primaries with a

trace of an erect, ochreous, dotted median line; an oblique

white postmedian line, edged with ochreous internally.

Secondaries with an oblique white postmedian line, edged

internally with ochreous.

Expanse 32 mm,

Hab. N’ Dalla Tando ; November (Ansorge).

Type in my collection.

Heterorachis bidentata, sp. n.

3. Face pink, head white, thorax and abdomen greenish,

Both wings grass-green, with brownish markings. Pri-

maries with the costa mottled with brownish grey; a spot

closing the cell finely edged with darker brown; termen

greyish brown, rather narrow, but with two indentations,

one between veins 4 and 6 and the other just above the

tornus. ‘There is also a trace of a very irregular postmedian

series of dots. Secondaries with the central spot and the

very obscure postmedian series of spots as in the primaries ;

termen with the brownish border decidedly broader than in

the primaries.

Expanse 26 mm.

Hab, Lokoja (100 miles to the north) (Cator).

Type in my collection.

Omphacodes bellista, sp. n.

6. Head and thorax palest green, abdomen greenish,

antenne whitish. Both wings very pale green of a very

delicate tone, quite devoid of any yellow. Primaries with an

oblique, straight, whitish postmedian line, edged internally

with a line of darker ground-colour. Secondaries with the

postmedian line as in the primaries, but curved, the basal

area somewhat paler.

Expanse 26 mm.

Hab. N’ Dalla Tando ; November (Ansorge).

Type in my collection.

Mr. G. T. Bethune-Baker io new

Mixocera obliqua, sp. n.

3g. Head ochreous, thorax pale sage-green, abdomen cream-

colour. Both wings pale sage-green, with the costa cream-

coloured rather narrowly, and an oblique well-defined post-

median line, narrow at the costa, but gradually increasing

slightly to the inner margin. Secondaries with the post-

median line as in the primaries.

Expanse 20 mm.

Hab. N’ Dalla Tando ; November (Ansorge).

Type in my collection.

Chloroclystis insignifica, sp. n.

Head, thorax, and abdomen dull brown. Both wings

brownish grey, with brown markings. Primaries with a fine

irregular basal line; an oblique deeply dentate antemedian

line ; a trace of a very fine irregular median line; postmedian

line more prominent, irregular, waved, and dentate; a sub-

marginal darker scalloped shading, bordered palely by the

eround-colour ; termen darker. Secondaries with the basal

and antemedian lines obscure ; postmedian line fairly distinct,

very irregular; the submarginal darker shading somewhat

obscure; termen dark.

Expanse 15 mm.

Hab. N’Dalla Tando, Angola; November (Ansorge).

‘l'ype in my collection.

Eucymatoge ansorgei, sp. n.

Head, thorax, and abdomen bronzy brown. Primaries

greenish, with a subbasal broad dark stripe; median area

very broadly brown, edged by a paler greenish-brown broad

stripe, which is margined finely on each side with dark brown ;

terminal area with patches of brown scales, the most promi-

nent being in the subapical area. Secondaries uniformly

brownish.

Expanse 21 mm.

Hab. N’Dalla T'ando, Angola ; November (Ansorge).

Type in my collection.

Macaria angole, sp. n.

3. Head, thorax, abdomen, and both wings dull slate-

ervey, slightly mottled with ochreous. Primaries with a dark

median band, followed by a line of scattered whitish scales ;

postmedian line obscure, irregular, very dark rusty brown,

Lepidoptera from Africa and the East. 573

with an edging of ochreous scales in its costal area, followed

by three dark sepia-brown patches below each other, one on

the costa being more rusty than the others, one about veins

3 and 4, and one just above the tornus; between the costal

and the second is a patch of ochreous. Secondaries with an

irregular dark median stripe, a fine postmedian dentate line,

and a wider subterminal stripe with a large dark spot in it

about veins 3 and 4.

Expanse 28 mm.

Hab. N’ Dalla Tando, Angola; December (Ansorge).

Type in my collection.

Zamarada excavata, sp. n.

3d. Head, thorax, and abdomen pale pinkish brown ; collar

pale green ; abdomen with pale greenish dorsal tufts. Both

wings hyaline, pale apple-green, with a reddish-brown small

spot at the end of the cell. Primaries with a few scattered

fine pale pinkish-brown scales ; costa narrowly pale buff-

colour ; termen very broadly pale cinnamon-brown, excavated

almost up to the termen between veins 2 and 4. Secondaries

with the markings exactly like the primaries both as to

colour and position.

Expanse 28 mm.

Hab. N’Dalla Tando, Angola ; November (Ansorge).

Type in my collection.

Next to flavicosta, Warren.

Zamarada ordinaria, sp. 0.

¢. Head, thorax, antenne, and abdomen cinnamon-

brown. Both wings hyaline greenish, with a fine sparse

irroration of pale cinnamon-colour and a small brown spot at

the end of the cell. Primaries with the costa finely dusted

with pale cinnamon; termen very broadly pale greyish

brown, with the inner edge scalloped between the veins, the

part between veins 2 and 4 being rather more deeply scalloped

than elsewhere. Secondaries with the brown termen just as

in the primaries.

Expanse 24 mm.

Hab. N’ Dalla Tando, Angola; November ( Ansorge).

Type in my collection.

Near chrysothyria, Hmpsn.

Zamarada catort, sp. n.

g. Thorax and abdomen brownish. Both wings dull

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xi. 39

574 On new Lepidoptera from Africa and the East.

hyaline greenish, with brown markings and very faint

brownish irrorations. Primaries with costa darkish mottled

brown ; a largish spot closing the cell and a very broad

brown terminal area, which terminates in an acute excavation

at the apex and is irregularly excised between veins 2 and 4;

in this area is a dark dentate stripe, indefinite as to its inner

edge and palely bordered. Secondaries with the terminal

area as in the primaries, but without the apical angle, owing

to the costa not being brown; the spot closing the cell is

reduced to a point.

Expanse 28 mm.

Hab. Northern Nigeria (D. Cator).

Type in my collection.

Miantochora cassualalla, sp. n.

6. Head and thorax dove-grey, abdomen rather darker.

Both wings pale silvery grey. Primaries with an ante-

median, broadish, irregular, dentate, subochreous band, with

a similarly coloured very obscure trace of a median band;

postmedian line waved, dirty ochreous, and darkly dotted on

each vein on its internal edge ; a dark rusty subapical patch.

Secondaries paler than the primaries, sparingly and finely

irrorated with darker grey, with an oblique, straight, chocolate-

brown postmedian line, obtusely angled on vein 7 to the

costa; this line has a second finer dotted one close to its

inner margin.

Expanse 46 mm.

Hab. Casualalla, N. Angola; November (Ansorge).

Type in my collection.

Var. ochraria, var. nov.

Primaries with the whole of the median and much of the

postmedian area palish ochreous, very finely irrorated in

parts with pale cinnamon-colour ; a fair-sized dusky spot is in

the grey terminal area between veins 5 and 6 ; the dark rusty

subapical patch of the type is reduced to a smaller fawn-

coloured patch. Secondaries pale ochreous up to the grey

terminal area, sparingly and finely irrorated with grey.

The pattern of the type is carried out ina subdued manner.

Hab. Casualalla; November.

Type in my collection.

Psilocerea transversa, sp. n.

@. Head, thorax, and abdomen dirty ochreous. Both

On a new Genus of Tipulide from Turkestan. 575

wings palish straw-colour. Primaries with a chestnut-brown

fine antemedian line, acutely angled on the lower margin of

the cell ; postmedian line chestnut-brown, oblique, and edged

externally finely with deep cream-colour ; a dark band of

grey irrorations rises from the tornus to above vein 3; a dark

grey small spot is at the end of the cell. Secondaries with a

median dark chestnut oblique stripe.

Expanse 46 mm.

Hab. N’Dalla Tando; November (Ansorge).

Type in my collection.

_ This species is very near pulverosa, Warren, but is no

doubt distinct.

aggardia angolaria, sp. ne

6. Head, thorax, and abdomen dirty brownish grey.

Both wings brownish grey, very finely irrorated with darker

brown. Primaries with a dark excurved antemedian line ;

a slightly waved, dark, oblique postmedian line; a dark spot

closing the cell; terminal area more densely irrorated with

brown. Secondaries with a dark spot at the end of the cell,

followed by an oblique dark brown postmedian line, from

which up to the termen the ground is more closely irrorated

with brown than on the basal and median areas.

Expanse 40 mm.

Hab. N’ Dalla Tando ; October (Ansorge).

Type in my collection.

The species is near interpellans, but appears to differ in

some particulars.

LXX.—A new Genus of Tipulidee from Turkestan, with

Notes on other Forms. By E. Berarotu, C.M.Z.S.

PTILOSTENA, gen. noy.

Antenne 16-articulate. Thorax longitudinaliter modice convexus.

Ale angustz, basi longe petiolate, angulo axillari late rotundato,

vena Nc basin sectoris radii nonnihil superante, Sc, paullo ante

basin sectoris sita, Rs pone medium ale incipiente, vena trans-

versa radiali nulla, vena R, et dimidio apicali vene R, maxime

reflexis, parallelis vel paullulum convergentibus, vena media

biramosa, parte basali venze M, deficiente, parte ascendente ven

Cu, sat longe ante basin cellule discoidalis aperte cum cellula

M, confluentis sita. Pedes perlongi, tibiis calearibus destitutis.

39*

576 Mr. E. Bergroth on a new

Head rounded ; rostrum as long as the rest of the head ;

antenne 16-jointed, joints with verticillate hairs. Thorax

longitudinally moderately convex ; pronotum rather long, but

a little shorter than broad at the base. Wings very narrow,

pedunculate; axillar angle broadly rounded, Sc somewhat

passing base of Rs, Sey placed a little before the base of

the moderately curved sector, which originates behind the

middle of the wing ; no radial cross-vein; R, and the apical

half of Rg strongly upturned, parallel or slightly convergent,

R, joining margin of wing a little in front of or at apex of

R,, cell R; about four times longer than cell R., M two-

branched, M, and M, fused ; median cross-vein present,

roundedly confluent with M;, but in some specimens angularly

joined to it and in this case emitting a short stump of a vein

from the angle backwards, basal part of M; entirely lacking

and discal cell consequently confluent with cell M3, ascending

portion of Cu, joining M at a good distance before the base

of the discal cell. Propygium elongated, median style very

long and slender ; lateral lobes without apical apophyses, but

each with two interior hooked appendages. Legs very long;

tibize without spurs.

This genus should be placed near Gonomyia, from which

it differs by the narrow petiolate wings, the position of

Sc. which is more removed from the tip of Sc, and the

shape of cell R, which is very short and subrectangular

owing to the strongly upturned apical half of R3;—a course

of this vein not known in any previously described Tipulid

genus. The propygium is also somewhat differently con-

structed than in Gonomyta. ‘The disappearance of the basal

part of M; and the shifting of this vein upon the median

cross-vein is a rather uncommon character, but occurs also in

some other Eriopterina, in Jlipoptera, Schin. (this is the

correct spelling of the name), and Thaumastoptera, Mik., and

in some species of Dicranomyta.

Ptilostena recurvinervis, sp. n.

Gracilis, opaca, subglabra, abdomine parce pilosulo, propygio

densius piloso, capite et dorso thoracis cinereis, mesonoto fusco-

bivittato, pleuris albidis, dorso abdominis fusco-testaceo, ventre

sulphureo-ochraceo, propygio flavido, antennis et pedibus flavo-

testaceis, palpis, apice tibiarum atque articulis quattuor ultimis

tarsorum fuscis, alis subhyalinis, ad venas plerasque transversa-

liter currentes fusco-notulatis, stigmate plus minusve infuscato,

halteribus albidis, clava fusca.

Long., ¢ corp. et ale, 5°5-7 mm.

Genus of Tipulidae: from Turkestan. 577

Turkestan (Verni and Kendyk-tau, J. Sahlberg).

Head grey, sparingly pilose; palpi fuscous; antenne

yellowish testaceous, in the male scarcely passing base of

wings, joints oval, except the shortly cylindrical basal joint,

those of the apical half of the flagellum much narrower.

Dorsum of thorax glabrous, pale ash-grey ; pronotum more or

less infuscated in the middle, its narrowly laminate lateral

margins whitish ; mesonotum with two approximated, rather

narrow, sometimes anteriorly confluent, fuscous vitte ; pleurse

whitish. Wings as long as the body and five times longer

than broad, subhyaline; stigma more or less infuscated, filling

the apical part of cell R, from vein R, to the middle of the

petiole of cell R., its basal half usually darker ; base of Rs,

vein R,, the recurved part of Rs, the petiole of cell Rays,

the median cross-vein (apparent base of M;), and the

2a.

Ptilostena recurvinervis, Bergr. ¢.

Fig. 1 a. Wing. J ; Fig. 2 a, Propygium from above.

16. Cell Mi+2 in other speci- 2. Propygium from below.

mens.

ascending portion of Cu, bordered with fuscous; Rs as long

as Rays, cell Mi42 a little shorter than its petiole, which is

subequal in length to the distance between apex of Cuja and

base of discal cell; apex of An opposite the middle of Rs;

distances between tips of Ax and An and between tips of

An and M; subequal in length. Halteres long, whitish, the

knob fuscous. Abdomen sparingly pilose, above brownish

testaceous, beneath sulphur-yellow; propygium scarcely

darker than the venter, pilose, elongated, but not incrassated ;

basal part of the median style,seen from above, hidden under

578 Mr. E. Bergroth on a new

the narrow subrectangular last abdominal segment (9th

tergite), but seen from below the style is visible throughout

its length ; the underside shows two acuminate subtriangular

basal pieces, and on each side an elongate lobe which bears

no apical apophyses, but the inner part of which is grooved,

the hollow being filled with two basally confluent appendages,

the first (subbasal) of which is very slender, reaching the

apex of the median style and armed with a black tooth at the

apex ; the second appendage much longer and broader, but

not reaching the apex of the lobe, running out into a very

long and slender black tooth, emitting a much shorter black

tooth from its inner base; seen from above only a part of

these teeth protrudes from under the interior margin of the

lobe, but almost the whole subbasal appendage is visible also

from above. Legs very slender, pale yellowish testaceous,

apex of tibize and last four tarsal joints fuscous.

As the details of the propygium are tolerably well visible

also in dry specimens, I have given an outline of it with the

lateral lobes a little more outspread than they are in the

dry state and omitting the hairs. The female is unknown.

Systematic and Synonymical Notes.

1. In Ent. Tidskr. 1888, p. 170, 1 said that Ho/orusia,

Loew, though forming a distinct group, cannot be separated

generically from Yipula. As, however, the pecularities of

the venation and the structure of the propygium (except

details) are common to all Holorusiz, and as the antenne are

not verticillate, I now think that it must be regarded as a

good genus. All exotic species of T¢pula without verticillate

antenne must be removed from this genus. For A. rubi-

ginosa, Loew, 1 proposed the new name grandis, believing

that H. rubiginosa, Big., was of prior date; but they were

described the same year, and it is impossible to know which

of them has priority. As rubiginosa, Big., is a synonym of

Hi. albovittata, Macq. (incorrectly placed in TZipula_ by

Kertész), there is no reason to reject the name rubiginosa,

Loew, and the name grandis is quite unnecessary.

2. In his excellent ‘Fauna of British India: Diptera Nema-

tocera’ (one of the best works ever published on any group of

exotic Diptera), Brunetti has redescribed the genus Ctena-

croscelts, Kind., alleging that Enderlein “has mistaken the

tip of the 1st longitudinal vein for a continuation of the

small cross-vein connecting that vein with the costa.” This

remark shows that Brunetti has paid very little attention to

Comstock’s and Needham’s studies on the homologies of the

Genus of Tipulidee from Turkestan. 579

wing-veins in Diptera. Enderlein’s description is quite

correct. It is true that Osten-Sacken set forth as one of the

principal differences between the ‘Tipulinze and the Limno-

biinz that in the Tipuline the first longitudinal vein is

incurved towards the second and ending in it, and that an

oblique cross-vein connects the first vein, a little back of the

tip, with the costa; whereas in the Limnobiine the first

longitudinal vein ends in the costa, united with the second

vein by a cross-vein (often wanting). This difference is,

however, entirely imaginary. What Osten-Sacken regarded

as an oblique cross-vein connecting the radial vein with the

costa (Brunetti’s ‘ costal cross-vein’’) is simply the end of

the radial ven, and what Osten-Sacken called the end of that

vein is the radial cross-vein, which in the Tipuline usually

takes a more longitudinal position owing to the short strongly

reflected R,. Why should these veins be quite differently

named in the Tipuline than in the Limnobiine, as they

occupy the same mutual position and as the wrongly so-

called ‘ costal cross-vein ”’ often is a straight continuation of

of R,? That Osten-Sacken ever could advance his idea

about “the cells round the stigma” will always remain a

curious fact, but not even Loew accepted his theory and it

is now only of historical interest.

3. In his diagnosis of the genus Macromastiz, O.-S.,

Enderlein (Zool. Jahrb. 1912, p. 13) says that the antenne

are “stark verliingest” in the males. There are, however,

many species of this genus having very short antenne in

both sexes.

4, In the description of the genus Peh/kea, Enderlein

(7. c. p. 15) says that it belongs to the Tipuline, although

Sc ends in the costa. I think it doubtless belongs there, and,

judging from the figure, the venation is quitenormal. Sc does

not end in the costa, but in R, at the very point from where

R, turns upward to the costa ; the radial cross-vein is also at its

usual place. What Enderlein designated as R, is Rg, and his

Rais is R3.

5. It is impossible to understand why Enderlein (J. ¢.

p. 30) has placed his new genus T7%pulodina in the Pediciina

of the Limnobiinez. It belongs to the Tipuline, and is very

closely allied to Pachyrhina. ‘The venation is quite normal.

Sc ends in R, and emits a short adventitious cross-vein to

the costa a little before its tip, quite as in many individuals

of the genus Pachyrhina. ‘The radial sector is not longer

than the stigma—one of the best characters of Pachyrhina.

The antennal joints are shaped as in Pachyrhina. ‘Too much

weight must not be attached to the shortness of the last joint

580 Mr. E. Bergroth on a new

of the palpi in Tpulodina, for exceptions from the rule occur.

In Pedicia, for instance, the last palpal joint is quite as long

as in the Tipulide longipalpi. Enderlein has taken the

adventitious cross-vein for the end of Sc and the real end of

Sc for a cross-vein (=Sczin Needham’s nomenclature) ; but

even if this interpretation were correct (which it certainly is

not) this “ cross-vein” is in T%pulodina situated behind the

base of Rs, whereas in the Pediciina it is placed much

before the sector.

6. Edwards (Trans. Linn. Soc., Zool. xv. p. 197) says that

Dicranomyia confinis, Bergr., 1889 (consimilis, m., 1888), is

probably not distinct from D. tipulipes, Karsch, as the chief

distinguishing character given by me (viz., the length of the

small cross-vein) is variable. This character is indeed of

little importance, but the main distinguishing character given

by me was the position of Sce (the ‘subcostal cross-vein ”),

which in eonfinis is placed close to the tip of Sc, not con-

siderably removed from it as in ¢tipulipes. As far as J can

find, this character is not subject to variations in the species

of Dicranomyia, but quite constant.

7. Libnotes thwaitesiana, Westw., the type of the genus,

described from Ceylon, is omitted in Brunetti’s ‘ Fauna.’

8. In describing his Geranomyia synaporosa, Speiser

(Deutsche ent. Z. 1913, p. 135) says that the radial cross-

vein in this species is very weak and tends to disappear, and

that it is therefore impossible to sharply separate Geranomyia

and Aporosa. The real difference between these two genera

is, however, the position of the palpi, which, as correctly

pointed out by Enderlein, are placed at the apex of the

rostrum in Aporosa, far from the apex in Geranomyia. The

mouth-parts are also differently constructed in these two

genera. Llephantomyza, O.-S., is extremely closely allied to

Aporosa, Macq., though possibly distinct from it, but I

perfectly agree with Scudder’s demonstration in his paper on

“ertiary Tipulide” that Elephantomyia is the same as

Toxorhina of Loew. This genus was described, though

imperfectly, by Loew in 1850, and founded solely on three

fossil species of the genus, later called Hlephantomyia by

Osten-Sacken. The fact that Loew, in 1851, wrongly placed

a living species in the same genus does not invalidate the

name Toxorhina as originally understood. The genus

Toxorhina, O.-S., nec Loew, would then be without a name ;

but I can see no inconvenience in using the name Limnobio-

rhynchus, Westw., for this genus, although it is only partly

a synonym of it.

Genus of Tipulidee from Turkestan, 581

9. The Indian Gonomyia incompleta, Brun., and flavo-

marginata, Brun., and the African Atarba lamellaris, Speis.,

belong to the genus Liponeura, Skuse, which is distinct

from Atarba, O.-S. Of the five American species placed by

Alexander (Ent. News, 1912, p. 418) in Liponeura, which

he considers a subgenus of Gonomyia, four doubtless belong

there; but, although I have not seen the “ more extensive

discussion of the genus published elsewhere,” of which

Alexander speaks, 1 venture to express some doubt whether

Gonomyia manca, O.-S., really is congeneric with the others.

Osten-Sacken says in his description: “the venation is

precisely like that of G. sulphurella, except that the posterior

branch of the second longitudinal vein is obliterated ; thus

the second longitudinal vein, shortly before its tip, takes

a sudden turn towards the anterior margin, in consequence

of which the submarginal cell is trumpet-shaped.” This

description is evidently correct, although Osten-Sacken later

(Berl. ent. Z. 1887, p. 165 and 202), by some mistake, stated

that the anterior branch of the second vein is obliterated in

G. manca—a statement in which he was followed by Brunetti.

It was clearly owing to this sudden turn of the second vein

that Osten-Sacken could recognize a Gonomyia in his insect,

and any Gonomyia with Ry, (the posterior branch of the

“second ”’ vein) obliterated could be recognized by the fact

that R, has retained its original shape and position with the

apex suddenly upturned, forming an angle with the basal

part of R, and ending a little in front of the apex of Ry. In

Liponeura the vein R2+3 is almost perfectly straight or gently

and slightly curved, and the apical part does not form an

angle with the basal part, and ends somewhat farther from

the tip of R,, thus occupying a position intermediate between

R, and R, in the typical Gonomyie. The difference may

seem to be of little importance; but it indicates that the

disappearance of the first submarginal cell of the old nomen-

clature in Gonomyia mance is due to a simple obliteration

of R3, whereas in Liponeura it is due to an actual fusion of

R, and R;, of the same kind that has taken place in all

Limnobiina and Rhamphidiina. I therefore think that

Gonomyia manca is a true Gonomyia, for which not even a

subgenus is necessary ; whereas Liponeura should hold the

position assigned to it by Skuse as a distinct genus of the

Rhamphidiina near Atarba, O,-S., the latter genus now being

restricted to its type, A. pieticornis, O.-S., and the Indian

A, flava, Brun., which is clearly congeneric. This opinion

is strengthened by the different structure of the male pro-

582 Mr. E. Bergroth on a new

pygium. Osten-Sacken says that he described the forceps’ of

G. manca from a living specimen, and stated that it shows

the same type of structure as in the other species of Gono-

myia, although it is more simple. Had the stout inferior

median piece (Alexander’s ‘ ventral gonapophysis”’), so

characteristic of Liponeura, been present, Osten-Sacken

would certainly have mentioned it. Alexander says that the

forceps of LZ. pleuralis, Will., and L. amazona, Al., are

“fundamentally ” different; but his figures show that they

are built on the same plan, though the details are different.

From the figures of the forceps of L. tncompleta, Brun.,

and lamellaris, Speis., it is also evident that their structure

is very similar, with the same strongly developed ventral

gonapophiysis.

s Gonomyia antica, Brun., has a radial cross-vein and a

discal cell “coalescent with the second posterior cell,” it

seems to be an Empeda; but, if Sc is as short as in Gono-

myia, the species is a distinct connecting-link between these

two genera.

10. Enderlein, in the above-quoted paper (pp. 60-62), has

evidently misunderstood the venation in the genera Mongoma

and Trentepohlia. ‘The vein called by him Rgey43 is Rg, his

Rays is Rg, his M, in Mongoma and M,+. in Trentepohia are

Rays, his M,in Mongoma is Mi+2, and his Mg in Trentepohlia

is M!+?+3, The radio-median cross-vein is lacking in these

genera.

11. Needham (N.Y. State Mus. Bull. 124, p. 227) says

R, is atrophied in Lipsothrixv, Loew, and figures it so. He

has been misled by a very faulty figure in Wahlgren’s

paper (corrected in the separate copies). R, in this genus

runs through to the wing-margin, the part of it wanting in

the figures being parallel to Rs.

12. In 1911, Alexander described a North-American species

of Adelphomyia, Bergr., under the name A. minuta. The

wings of this species are glabrous ; but he seems to have placed

it in this genus chiefly on account of the venation, which is

said to be quite similar to that of A. senzlis, Hal. Although

I, in my generic diagnosis, incidentally mentioned the pre-

sence of five posterior cells, this character is of no importance ;

and, although I included senilis in the genus, the type is

A. helvetica, Bergr., which differs somewhat in venation from

senilis, ‘The genus was solely founded on the hairiness

of the wings: “characteres Limnophile generis, sed super-

ficie alarum dense distinctius puberula et preeterea apicem

versus setis validiusculus obsita, his setis basi papillato-

incrassatis.”” I think A. ménuta must be referred to Limno-

Genus of Tipulide from Turkestan, 583

phila, and there are other species of Limnophila similar to

minuta in variation and, at least among the European species,

almost quite as small. Later, Aleaauded has not laid much

stress on the venation, including in Adelphomyia two new

species with quite different venation, but with a distinct

pilosity in the apical part of the wing; these species can,

I think, be left in Adelphomyia. If this genus is made to

comprehend both species with hairy and with glabrous wings

and with quite different venation, I fail to see by what

characters it could be separated from Limnophila.

13. In his monograph of the Tipulidae found in Baltic

amber, Meunier has described a Limnophila robusta. As

this name was given one year before by Wahlgren to a

species from Sweden, I propose for Meunier’s species the

name L, palea.

14. Of Diazosma hirtipenne, Siebke, one of the rarest of

the European Tipulide, the late G. Czwalina sent me a

specimen from near Danzig, Hast Prussia. It was originally

described as a Trichocera, but belongs to a distinct genus

called Diazoma by Wallengren. As this name is preoccupied

(Lamarck, Mollusca, 1816), I propose to replace it by

Diazosma, which has the same signification. (The name

Trichoptera, used by Strobl for this genus, is also pre-

occupied.) The North-American Trichocera trichoptera,

O.-S., is likely to prove a Diazosma.

15. In his ‘ Fauna’ (p. 515) Brunetti says: “a corre-

spondence carried on between Osten-Sacken and Bergroth as

to the question of priority and suitability between Amalopis,

Hal., and Tricyphona, Zett., resulted in the former name

being permanently retained.” Far from being permanently

retained, the name Amalopis has been rejected by Coquillett,

Strobl, Wahlgren, Lundstrém, and other dipterists who have

written more or less extensively on Tipulide, and the claim

of Tricyphona to priority is self-evident. Even if Zetter-

stedt’s first description (1838) is insufficient, we must

remember that his second description, published five years

before that of Haliday, is quite correct and very detailed,

filling one page; he consequently also mentions the open

discal cell, but lays no particular stress on this character,

which was also mentioned by Haliday. The other reason

why Osten-Sacken rejected Trieyphona—that its definition

is applicable to one species only—is still more untenable, for

we cannot proceed to rename every genus founded on a single

species as soon as more species of it are found; the characters

must in such cases be modified, but the name retained.

Osten-Sacken united Orimargula, Mik., with Antocha, O.-S.

584. Ona new Genus of Tipulide from Turkestan.

IT agree with Mik that they are generically distinct, but if

their synonymy is admitted as correct, and the nomenclatorial

principles vindicated by Osten-Sacken, Aldrich, and Brunetti

are upheld, we must reject the name Antocha, for this genus

was founded on a single species and was principally based on

the presence of a discal cell, the indistinct Sc,, and the square

anal angle of the wing—three characters not present in the

other species, A. (O.) alpigena, Mik. In the same manner

as with Tricyphona, Brunetti deals with the genus Crapitula,

Gimm. Although this genus was well described and figured

by Gimmerthal, and although Brunetti admits that its type

and only species is identical with the type and only species

of Pleciomyia, Brun., he rejects the name Crapitula and puts

his own name Pleciomyia instead of it. This procedure is

not rendered more just by citing, as Brunetti does, Crapitula

as a synonym of Plecia, where it, of course, does not belong.

I am unable to find in Brunetti’s book other reasons for such

deviations from generally accepted rules than the words he

quotes from Osten-Sacken: “the almost absolute rules of

priority recognized for specific names are not equally applic-

able to the generic ones.” Osten-Sacken’s well-known

arbitrariness in nomenclatorial matters is not, however,

consistent with the principles of nomenclature adopted by

the zoological congresses of late years. On the other hand,

it must be noticed with satisfaction that Brunetti has rejected

the names in Meigen’s pamphlet of 1800. Meigen did not

state in his paper that he accepted the binominal nomenclature,

and there is nothing in the paper indicating that he did so.

Admittedly generic names in works of this class cannot be

taken into consideration.

16. In the only specimen on which the genus Amalopina,

Brun., was founded there is a supernumerary cross-vein in

the cell R;; but this character is apparently accidental or at

most specific. Yet Amalopina may be a good genus, as it

does not show the most striking peculiarity of ZTricyphona,

viz., the unusual position of the radio-median cross-vein

before the base of cell Rz. To Amalopina also appertain the

North-American Jricyphona exoloma, Doane, and 7. dia-

phana, Doane. The undetermined species of “ Amalopis”

figured by Needham in his above-quoted work (pl. 25, fig. 3)

may possibly also belong here, but, as the radial sector is very

short and strongly divergent from Rj, it is more probable

that it is a Plectromyta or a Rhaphidolabis.

On certain of the smaller S.- American Cervide. 585

LXXI.—On certain of the smaller S.-American Cervide.

By OupFIeLp ‘THOMAS.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

A. Brockxets. (Genus Mazama.)

Owina@ to their remarkable variability both in cranial and

external characters the Brockets of the genus Mazama are

exceedingly difficult to work out systematically with any

exactness. Thus, while in most cases the widely spread

species Mazama americana (M. rufa auctorum)*, ranging

from Guiana to Paraguay and Rio Grande do Sul, has the

hairs of its nape reversed up the centre, two specimens in the

Museum have no trace of this arrangement, the hairs being

directed backwards as usual; and one of these specimens was

obtained at the same time and place as examples of the

normal reversed type. And, again, of two specimens of

M. tema from Guatemala, one has the nape-hairs reversed

and the other not. MM. simplicicornis, the common small

species, with buffy underside, whose range is coextensive

with that of MJ. americana, seems never to have any hairs

reversed on the nape,

In the skull the obvious character as to the extension

upwards of the premaxillz towards or to the nasals proves

also to be rather variable, examples from the same locality

having sometimes considerable differences in this respect.

Still at the same time there are certain average differences

_ * When resuscitating the name americana from Erxleben’s Moschus

americanus (Field Museum Nat. Hist, Publ. no. 155, vol. x. p- 48, 1912),

it is a pity that Mr. Osgood did not investigate for himself the question

as to which species it should be applied to, instead of accepting the

synonymies of people who believed it to be a preoccupied name, and one

eS tktors requiring little attention. Instead of its applying to “M. nemori-

vagus” (M. simplicicornis), the smaller Brocket of Guiana, it clearly

belongs to the larger one, commonly known as M. rufa, and must, 1 am

afraid, be used for it.

On the other hand, while differing from Mr. Osgood as to the applica-

tion of this americanus, I cordially agree with him as to the want of

nomenclatural status in the case of the other americanus on p. 312 of

Erxleben’s work. There americanus was simply a word, not a name, as

is shown, among other things, by its being italicized. In Erxleben none

of the technical names are italicized, while ordinary words on which he

wished to lay emphasis were (cf. “‘ Magnitudo cervi dame,” p. 313, “ altera

.... altera,” p. 370). Asaconsequence, the name of the common North-

American deer should be Odocoileus virginianus, Bodd., not americanus,

Erxl,

586 Mr. O. Thomas on certain of

between the species, JZ. americana, for example, having

generally a naso-premaxillary articulation, while the species

now described as M. zetta has not. The preorbital pits are

fairly deep in M. rufina and briceni, shallow in all the other

species. I may note that a fine male specimen of JZ. briceniz,

recently received, is considerably larger than the typical

female, its skull having a condylo-basal length of 168 mm.

The following forms appear to need description :—

Mazama zetia, sp. n.

A brown species related to M. americana.

Size about as in M. americana, but form rather stouter.

General colour rufous brown, browner and less rufous than in

americana. Head distinctly brown, with indistinct rufous

markings above and below eyes and on sides of muzzle.

Ears brown, their bases below whitish. Chin and _ inter-

ramia dull whitish. Neck brown, the hairs along the whole

centre of its upper side reversed (in all three specimens

available). Body dark rufous brown above, becoming more

rufous posteriorly. Chest and belly rufous brown, the extent

to which the brown is tinged with rufous varying considerably.

Limbs dark brown, paler rufous on their internal aspect

proximally, darker rufous terminally. Tail dark rufous

brown above, white below.

Skull shorter and more stoutly built than that of JZ. ameri-

cana. Premaxille shorter than in that species, often falling

far short of the nasals, and only rarely just reaching them.

Upper tooth-row of the type, a small subadult female,

60 mm.

Dimensions of fully adult male and female skulls

(85. 4. 22. 6 and 8) :— e.

Condylo-basal length 187, 190 mm. ; zygomatic breadth

96, 95; length of nasals 60, 62 ; interorbital breadth 42, 46;

gnathion to front of anterior premolar 63, 63; palatal length

124, 121; breadth between outer sides of m? 65, 66; upper

tooth-row 60, 61.

Hab. Medellin, Antioquia, Colombia.

Type. Young adult female. B.M. no. 78. 8. 31.3. Col-

lected by Mr. J. K. Salmon. A stuffed specimen, two skins,

and seven skulls examined.

This beautiful little Deer was determined by Sir Victor

Brooke as J/. rujina, Pucheran, but there is no doubt that

that is a mountain form allied to MV. bricenit. WM. zetia, on

the other hand, is a representative of M/. americana, from

which it differs by its stouter form, browner colour, shorter

the smaller S.-Amertcan Cervide. 587

skull, and the lesser extension of the premaxillz towards the

nasals.

Mazama sheila, sp. n.

A small pale rufous ally of MZ. americana.

Size conspicuously smaller than in J. zetta. Form about

as in that species. Fur close and short. Nape-hairs not

reversed (in the single specimen). General colour bright

rufous (between orange-rufous and tawny of Ridgway).

Muzzle, centre of crown, and neck brown, supraorbital lines

rufous, not sharply defined. Ears pale brown, with distinct

patches of white at the base of their inner edges. Chin and

interramia, a patch on chest, and anal region whitish ; rest

of under surface rufous, like back. Fore limbs rufous

throughout. Hind limbs rufous, but the metatarsals brown,

darker posteriorly. Tail rufous above, white below.

Skull of the same somewhat broad squat shape as in

M. zetia, but far smaller. Premaxillze not quite reaching to

the nasals.

Dimensions of the typical skull (adult, but not old) :—

Condylo-basal length 177 mm.; zygomatic breadth 85 ;

length of nasals 48; interorbital breadth 39; gnathion to

front of anterior premolar 58; palatal length 111; breadth

between outer sides of m? 63 ; upper tooth-row 55.

Hab. Lowlands near Merida, Venezuela. Type from the

Montafia de Limones, Alt. 50 m.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no, 13.4. 24.4. Collected 17th

October, 1910, by 8S. Bricefio and Sons.

This Brocket is readily distinguishable by its bright rufous

colour, unreversed nape-hairs, and small size, as compared

with its only near allies, M. americana and zetta,

Coming trom somewhere near the same region, Osgood’s

M. americana citus * has nothing to do with this animal, but

is a member of the M. stmplicicornis group.

Mazama americana jucunda, subsp. n.

Similar in general characters to the ordinary Jf. americana

of eastern South America (M. rufa auctorum), but the skull

conspicuously shorter. Fur of medium length; nape-hairs

reversed (one skin only). Colour above of head and neck

brown, of body bright rufous fawn, not very unlike that of

M., zetta. Under surface, as usual in this group, whitish on

chin and throat, rufous, like back, on belly. Limbs brown

* Cf. footnote above,

588 On certain of the smaller S.-American Cervide.

proximally, rufous on the digits. Tail dark rufous above,

white below.

Skull, as compared with that of ordinary MV. americana,

very much shorter, but of about the same breadth. Pre-

maxillee just touching the nasals in the two skulls available.

Nasals of adult male remarkably broad and short.

Skull-dimensions of an adult male and an immature female

(the latter the type) :—

Condylo-basal length 178, 175 ; zygomatic breadth 88, 80;

length of nasals 45, 57; interorbital breadth 46, 38 ; gnathion

to front of anterior premolar 55, 57; palatal length 109, 109 ;

breadth between outer sides of m? 65, 57 ; upper tooth-row

61, 58.

Hab. Serra do Mar, Parana, 8. Brazil. Type from Roca

Nova; alt. 1000 m.

Type. Immature female (milk-teeth still in place, but

basilar suture closed) ; skin and skull. B.M. no. 3.7.1. 103.

Original number 836. Collected 9th September, 1901, by

Alphonse Robert. An adult male skull also examined.

‘This may be the small rufous Deer which German writers

have assigned to M. rufina, but it has certainly nothing to do

with that species, being related to MZ. americana, of which it

forms a small short-headed race.

Adult skulls of M/. americana are about 205-210 mm. in

condylo-basal length, and a female specimen, younger than

the type of yucunda, has this dimension 202 mm.

B. THE EcuUADOREAN PuDU.

(Pudua mephistophiles, de Wint.)

The highland Pudu of Ecuador, discovered by Consul

Séderstrém and described by Mr. de Winton as Pudua

mephistophiles *, differs so markedly from the Chilian species,

Pudu pudu, that I consider that it ought to be separated

generically from the latter, and would propose for the new

genus the name of Pudella.

preorbital glands in Pudella, there being no external orifice

in the skin, and the lacrymal bone being only faintly concave T

in the usual position of the lacrymal pit. In the true Pudu,

on the other hand, the glands are unusually well developed,

with an obvious opening externally, their pit in the skull

being very deep, with sharply defined edges.

* P, Z.S. 1896, p. 508.

+ As I have previously pointed out, the skull figured and described by

de Winton is that of a Mazama (probably M, rujina).

Geological Society. 589

In Pudu the premaxille do not reach the nasals, in

Pudella they do.

In Pudu the hoofs, both large and small, are of the normal

shape ; in Pudella they are unusually narrow and pointed.

In Pudu the middle lower incisors are not disproportionally

larger than the others, being barely twice the breadth of the

second pair; in Pudella their blade is three or four times

the size of that of ¢%, which in turn is little larger than 23

and the canine.

In Pudu the naked rhinarium is but small, in Pudella

unusually large, projecting backwards in the middle line.

No doubt the two genera are closely allied, but, in the

absence of any connecting links, I think a special name for

the Andean form is advisable.

PROCEEDINGS OF LEARNED SOCIETIES.

GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

November 6th, 1912.—Dr. Aubrey Strahan, F.R.S., President,

in the Chair.

The following communications were read :—

1. ‘A Contribution to our Knowledge of Wealden Floras, with

Special Reference to a Collection of Plants from Sussex.’ By

Albert Charles Seward, M.A., F.R.S., F.L.S., F.G.S., Professor of

Botany in Cambridge University.

In this paper an account is given of specimens of Wealden plants

from the Sussex coast, for the most part from the neighbourhood

of Fairlight, acquired by the British Museum since 1895, the date

of publication of the second part of the Wealden Flora (British

Museum Catalogue). The majority of the fossils have been pre-

sented to the National Collection by Father Félix Pelletier and Father

Teilhard de Chardin, by whom they were collected,and who worked in

association with Mr. Charles Dawson, F.S.A., F.G.S.; the remainder

form part of the Rufford Collection. Fresh information is given in

regard to several previously recorded species, and the following new

types are described :—A new species of Lycopodites (a lycopo-

diaceous plant with the habit of a Selaginella); a new species

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xi. 40

590 Geological Soctety.

of Selaginélites, which affords evidence of heterospory; a new

species of Hausmannia, founded on several well-preserved fronds ;

a new genus and species represented by incomplete fertile pinne

with well-preserved spores very similar to those of recent Schizi-

ace ; a new genus and species of fern founded on fertile pinne ;

Aphlebia sp.; a new species of Dichopteris; Ctenis sp.; a new

species of Conites; Pinites sp. ef. P. dunkeri Carr. Additional

information is given in regard to the following species :—

Sagenopteris mantelli (Dunk.), Matonidium gepperti (Ett.),

Ruffordia gepperti (Dunk.), Cladophlebis browniana (Dunk.),

Williamsonia carftuthersi Sew. (?), Otozamites klipsteini (Dunk.),

Eurycycadolepis sp., Araucarites pippingfordensis Ung., Pinites

solmsi Sew., and Sphenolepidium kurrianum (Dunk.).

The concluding section deals with Wealden floras generally, and

some account is given of the geographical distribution of the better-

known types. It is pointed out that, while there is a very close

similarity between the Wealden flora of England and the corre-

sponding floras in Eastern and Western North America, the number

of cosmopolitan types is less than in the case of the Middle Jurassic

floras.

2. ‘ Notes on the Discovery of Fossiliferous Old Red Sandstone

in a Boring at Southall, near Ealing.’ By Ernest Proctor, A.R.C.S.

With a Note on the Fish-Remains, by Dr. A. Smith Woodward,

LL.D., F.R.S., Sec.G.8.

The boring described in this paper is situated at Southall, and

was made for the purpose of obtaining water from the Lower

Greensand. For this purpose, however, the boring was a complete

failure, as it passed directly from the Gault into Paleozoic rocks.

The older rocks were met with at a depth of 1130 feet, and

continued with slight variation to a depth of 1261 feet, the lower

limit of the borehole. _ For the most part, they were red and

green mottled clays and sandstones, with occasional bands of fine

conglomerate.

The fossils were yielded by definite bands, which varied from

1 inch to an eighth of an inch in thickness; they consisted mainly

of scales and teeth of Holoptychius and plates of Bothriolepis, both

characteristic genera of the Old Red Sandstone.

The paper concludes with a brief description of the fish-remains,

which, although fragmentary, are sufficient to indicate the Upper

Devonian or Upper Old Red Sandstone age of the rocks in which

they were discovered.

591

INDEX to VOL. XI.

ACALLIDIA, characters of the new

genus, 259.

Acmea, new species of, 220.

Acrobasis, new species of, 245.

Adenota, new subspecies of, 496.

Akodon, new species of, 140, 404.

Alana, new species of, 347.

Alastor, new species of, 47.

Alcis, new species of, 347.

Amaurinia, new species of, 356,

Ampelasia, characters of the new

genus, 3.

Analyta, new species of, 323.

Anapalta, new species of, 564.

Anarmodia, new species of, 524.

Andersen, K., on a new Pteropus

from the Polynesian subregion,

469.

Andrena, new species of, 64, 186.

Andrews, Dr, C. W., on the skull

and part of the skeleton of a

crocodile from the Middle Purbeck

of Swanage, 485.

Ania, new species of, 355.

Anisoperas, new species of, 345.

Antiplema, new species of, 386,

Apicia, new species of, 345.

Apoderus, new species of, 227. é

Aporemodon, characters of the new

genus, 427.

Apustis, characters of the new genus,

18.

Archernis, new species of, 331.

Arctogalidia, new species of, 297.

Aristaria, new species of, 25.

Arrade, new species of, 41.

Arrow, G. J., on new lamellicorn

beetles from Brazil, 456.

Arta, new species of, 257.

Artiloxis, characters of the new

genus, 43,

Asilide, revision of the, of Austra-

lasia, 147, 409, 429.

Asilus, note on the genus, 438,

Aslauga, new species of, 358.

Asychis biceps, note on, 112.

Athaliptis, characters of the new

genus, 252.

Athyreus, new species of, 462.

Atomosia, new species of, 148.

Augochlora, new species of, 54.’

Austen, E. E., notes on the syno-

nymy of Tabanidze, 560.

Axiotbella, note on species of, 106,

Azra, characters of the new genus,

250.

Azochis, new species of, 336.

Berg, Dr. L. 5., on the clupeoid

fishes of the Caspian Sea, 472.

Bergroth, E., on a new genus of

Tipulidee from Turkestan, 575.

Bethune-Baker, G. T., on new

species of lepidoptera from Africa

and the East, 562.

Betousa, new species of, 235.

Bindahara, new species of, 569.

Blaine, G., on a new oribi from the

Galla Country, 146; notes on the

reedbucks, 287; on the relation-

ships of Gazella isabella to G.

doreas, 291.

Blair, K. G., on the systematic posi-

tion of the genus Lemodes, 207 ;

on a new species of Rhysodina,

303.

Blepharotes, new species of, 411,

Bleptina, new species of, 20.

Beeotarcha, new species of, 527.

Bolboceras, new species of, 461.

Boletobia, new species of, 30.

Bombus trifasciatus, note on, 282.

Bonchis, new species of, 259.

—————

592

Books, new :— Waterhouse and

Sharp’s Index Zoologicus No. IL,

168 ; Giinther’s History of the

Collections contained in the Natu-

ral History Departments of the

British Museum, Vol. IL, 269;

Andersen’s Catalogue of the

Chiroptera in the Collection of

the British Museum, 508.

Boulenger, G. A., on the geographi-

cal races of Viperia ammodytes,

283.

Broun, Major T., on New Zealand

Pselaphide, 196.

Bubalis, new subspecies of, 265.

Bubalus, new subspecies of, 268.

Cacographis, new species of, 242.

Calamochrous, new species of, 528.

Callimico, notes on species of, 131.

Calman, Dr. W. T., of the brachy-

uran genera Micippoides and

Hyastenus, 312; on two cases of

abnormal appendages in crabs, 399.

Cancer pagurus, on homeeosis in the

second walking-leg of, 399.

Canthidium, new species of, 460.

Canthon, new species of, 456,

Capnodes, new species of, 5,

Carillade, characters of the new

genus, 39.

Casuaria, new species of, 254.

Catacanthus, new species of, 555.

Catacrismia, characters of the new

genus, 345,

Ceracanthia, new species of, 251.

Cervicapra, new subspecies of, 290.

Cheerephon, new species of, 319.

Charicidium, new species of, 231.

Chelifer, notes on species of, 451.

Chelestomoides, new species of, 541.

Chilo, new species of, 237.

Chloroclystis, new species of, 572.

Chlorostoma, new species of, 559.

Chodsigoa, new species of, 217.

Cheeridium, new species of, 459,

Chrysops, new species of, 542.

Cliniodes, new species of, 322.

Clovia, new species of, 557.

Clupeonella, synopsis of the Caspian

species of, 474.

Clymene ebiensis, note on, 96.

Cockerell, T. D. A., descriptions and

records of bees, 54, 185, 273, 387,

530.

Ccenocalpe, new species of, 362.

Coleoptera, new 196, 224, 303, 456,

IN DEX.

Colletes, new species of, 185.

Cominella, new species of, 557.

Condylolomia, new species of, 258.

Conepatus, new species of, 137.

Conus, new species of, 558.

Cormura brevirostris, note on, 133.

Corydoras, new species of, 252.

Cossonus, new species of, 230.

Crabs, on two cases of abnormal

appendages in, 599.

Crambus, new species of, 240.

Crenicichla, synopsis of the species

of, 498 ; new species of, 502.

Crocidophora, new species of, 337.

Crocidura, new species of, 468.

goliath, note on, 320.

Crustacea, new, 481.

Ctenomys, new species of, 141.

Culladia, new species of, 242.

Cummings, B. F., on a remarkable

gall-producing psyllid from Syria,

306; on the first maxille in the

genus Dipseudopsis, 308,

Curculionide, new Indian, 224.

Cyamium, new species of, 222.

Cybolomia, new species of, 528.

Cyclocephala, new species of, 465.

Cyttarops,*characters of the new

genus, 134.

Dagassa, new species of, 5.

Daratoperas, new species of, 237.

Dercetis, new species of, 34.

Devagama, new species of, 556.

Dianthidium, new subspecies of, 191.

Diasemia, new species of, 522.

Diatrerupa, characters of the new

genus, 240.

Digama, new species of, 562.

Diloxis, new species of, 258.

Diploptera, new, 44.

Dipseudopsis, on the first maxillee in

the genus, 308.

Diptera, new, 148, 411, 429, 542,

575.

Discopalpia, new species of, 249.

Distant, W. L., on rhynchota from

Henderson’s Island, 554.

Dochephora, new species of, 381.

Dorcopsis, new species of, 507.

Drepanopalpia, new species of, 19.

Druce, H. H., on new Lyczenide

from Tropical Africa, 358.

Echenais, new species of, 301.

Egocerus, new subspecies of, 266,

Eligmodontia, new subspecies of,

138,

INDEX. 593

Ellingsen, E., on some _pseudo-

scorpions in the British Museum,

451.

[pilectus, new species of, 225,

Epimys, new species of, 482.

Kpiphanis, characters of the new

genus, 22,

Epiplema, new species of, 383,

Epistrema, characters of the new

genus, 40,

Epizeuxis, new species of, 17.

Krastria, new species of, 1.

Erateina, new species of, 361.

Erax, remarks on species of, 418.

Erupa, new species of, 238.

Euacidalia, new species of, 353.

Eucampyla, new species of, 250.

Eucymatoge, new species of, 572.

Kupines, new species of, 206,

Eupithecia, new species of, 565.

Euplectopsis, new species of, 196.

Euryglossa, new species of, 387.

Euryglossina, new species of, 389.

Evergestis, new species of, 335.

Fischer de Waldheim’s works, note

on, 271.

Fishes, new, 231, 394, 396, 502, 547 ;

on the anatomy and classification

of teleostean, 169; on, from Tris-

tan da Cunha, 466; on the clu-

peoid, of the Caspian Sea, 472.

Fusus, new species of, 559.

Galago, new species of, 167.

Garypus senegalensis, note on, 454.

Gathynia, new species of, 386.

Gazella, new species of, 295.

Gazena, new species of, 349.

Geological Society, proceedings of

the, 589.

Gephyra, new species of, 253.

Girtesma, characters of the new

genus, 13.

Glaucorycteris, new species of, 144.

Gorgonopside, on the skull of a

species of, 65.

Gorosina, characters of the new

genus, 21.

Gustiana, new species of, 29.

Hemalea, new species of, 352.

Hematopota, new species of, 546,

Haggardia, new species of, 575.

Halictus, new species of, 59, 393,

540.

Hammaptera, new species of, 362.

Hampson, Sir G. F., on new species

of Pyralidee, 322, 509,

Harengula, synopsis of the Caspian

species of, 480.

Helcioniscus, new species of, 221.

Heligmoneura, remarks on species of,

423,

Helix rufescens, note on, 263, 428.

Hemiptera, new, 306.

Heortia, new species of, 322.

Heterogramma, new species of, 17.

Heteroptera, new, 554.

Heterorachis, new species of, 571.

Hirst, S., on a second Indian species

of the genus Termitodesmus, 481.

Homoptera, new, 556.

Hositea, new species of, 244.

Hyalobathra, new species of, 386.

Flyalospila, new species of, 248.

Hyastenus, note on the genus, 312.

Hyleochampsa vectiana, on the

skull of, 492.

Hyloides, new species of, 387.

Hymenoptera, new, 44, 54, 185, 273,

387, 530.

Hypena, new species of, 26.

Hypenodes, new species of, 40.

Hypera, new species of, 224.

Hypochrysops, new species of, 568.

Hypsipyla, new species of, 246.

Hyria, new species of, 350.

Hyriagona, new species of, 352.

Hyrmina, new species of, 382.

Icaria, note on the genus, 46.

Ischnoceelia, note on the genus, 44.

Ischnogasteroides, note on the genus,

54.

Ischnurges, new species of, 336,

Isocirrus, remarks on species of, 94,

Jaculus, new subspecies of, 483.

Jenynsia, note on the genus, 232.

Kennard, A. 8., on Helix rufescens

of Pennant, 428,

Kobus, new subspecies of, 267, 494.

Labrichthys ornatus, note on, 467.

Lachnosterna, new species of, 463.

Laphira, remarks on the genus, 158;

new species of, 159.

Leiochone, note on a species of, 98.

Lemodes, on the systematic position

of the genus, 207.

Lemodinus, characters of the new

genus, 208.

Lepidomys, new species of, 257.

Lepidoptera, new, 1, 234, 298, 322,

342, 358, 361, 509, 562.

Lepteria, characters of the new

genus, 44,

594

Leptoctenista, new species of, 42.

Lepyrodes, new species of, 322.

Leucinodes, new species of, 323.

Ligyrus, new species of, 466.

Liocassis, synopsis of the genus,

547 ; new species of, 550.

Liopasia, new species of, 523.

Lonnberg, Dr. E., on a new Galago

from German E. Africa, 167.

Loxmaionia, characters of the new

genus, 245.

Lutogonia, characters of the new

genus, 30.

Macaria, new species of, 572.

M‘Intosh, Prof., on Pionosyllis alter-

nosetosa, De St. Joseph, and its

relation to Syllis armillaris, O. F.

Miller, 83; on the British Mal-

danide, 84; on the Maldanide

dredged in the ‘ Porcupine’ expe-

ditions, 115; on Maldanide from

the Gulf of St. Lawrence, 119;

on Maldanide from Norway, 128.

Macrogonia, new species of, 254.

Maira, note on species of, 159.

Maldane sarsi, note on, 124.

Maldanidz, remarks on the, 84.

Mamerthes, new species of, 20.

Mammals, new, 79, 135, 137, 144,

146, 167, 210, 214, 265, 290, 295,

296, 314, 404, 468, 469, 482, 494,

505, 585.

Margarita, new species of, 560.

Marshall, G. A. K., on new Indian

Curculionide, 224,

Mastigophorus, new species of, 6.

Mastixis, characters of the new.

genus, 8.

Mazama, new species of, 586.

Meade-Waldo, G., on new species of

Diploptera, 44.

Mecynoptera, new species of, 54.

Megachile, new species of, 533.

Megastes, new species of, 332.

Melanochroia, new species of, 349.

Melanolophia, new species of, 348.

Mesene, new species of, 500.

Mesosemia, new species of, 298.

Metacinia, characters of the new

genus, 18.

Miantochora, new species of, 574.

Micippoides, note on the genus, 312.

Mimacrea, new species of, 565.

Mixocera, new species of, 572.

Modiolarca, new species of, 221.

Mollusca, new, 218, 427, 557.

INDEX.

Moodna, new species of, 252.

Murgisca, new species of, 261.

Myelois, new species of, 245.

Mytilimeria, new species of, 2237

Myxine, new species of, 596.

Nacella, new species of, 221.

Nacoleia, new species of, 262.

Natica, new species of, 218.

Navura, characters of the new genus,

258.

Negla, new species of, 569.

Nevitamus, new species of, 434.

Nephopteryx, new species of, 251.

Neurophyseta, new species of, 261.

Newstead, Prof. R., on a remarkable

gall-producing psyllid from Syria,

306.

Nicomache, note on species of, 86,

119.

Nomophila, new species of, 510.

Noorda, new species of, 525.

Nusa tectamus, note on, 149.

Nyctinomus, new species of, 318.

Nyctophilus, new subspecies of, 79.

Nymphidium, new species of, 302.

Ocalaria, new species of, 31.

Odyuerus, note on the genus, 52.

(Enoptila, new species of, 346.

Ommatius, new species of, 165.

Omphacodes, new species of, 571.

Omphisa, new species of, 334.

Onthophagus, new species of, 460.

Oospila, new species of, 350.

Ostha, new species of, 1.

Ourebia, new species of, 146.

Pachyprosopis, new species of, 393.

Pachythone, new species of, 301.

Pachyzancla, new species of, 511.

Palthis, new species of, 10.

Panurginus, new species of, 193.

Paracolletes, new species of, 274.

Paragonia, new species of, 346.

Paramischocyttarus, note on the |

genus, 54.

Pararatus, characters of the new

genus, 429,

Parbattia, new species of, 510.

Pareutheria, new species of, 218.

Paromia,

genus, 23.

Paschiodes, characters of the new

genus, 509.

Patissa, new species of, 244.

Pectinigeria, new species of, 249.

Pedaridium, new species of, 458.

Pelasgis, new species of, 256.

characters of the new

INDEX. 595

Pelodia, characters of the new

genus, 5.

Phacochcerus, new subspecies of, 265.

Phascogale, new species of, 80.

Phlyctenodes, new species of, 517.

Pheenochitonia, new species of, 300.

Pholidosaurus, new species of, 485.

Phos, new species of, 558.

Photinula solidula, new variety of,

219.

Phyllotis, new species of, 139, 407.

Piesmopoda, new species of, 245,

Pinotus, new species of, 457.

Pionea, new species of, 262.

Pionosyllis alternosetosa, on, 83.

Pipistrellus, new species of, 315.

Pithecops, new species of, 565.

Pithecus, new subspecies of, 296.

Platytes, new species of, 239.

Plecoptera, new species of, 563.

Plectomorphus, new species of, 200.

Pococera, new species of, 253.

Pceenomia, characters of the new

genus, 35.

Polygrammodes,

338.

Porosana, characters of the new

genus, 32.

Portunus puber, on a duplicity of

chela in, 402.

Preesorex, definition of the new

generic name, 320.

Prasinocyma, new species of, 570.

Praxillella, note on species of, 100,

115, 122.

Preston, H. B., on new marine shells

from the Falkland Islands, 218.

Proclymene miilleri, note on, 90.

Proctor, E., on fossiliferous Old Red

Sandstone at Southall, 590.

Promachus, new species of, 415.

Prorivula, characters of the new

genus, 38.

Prout, L. B., note on G. Fischer de

Waldheim’s ‘Oryctographie du

Gouvernement de Moscou,’ ‘ Hist.

Nat. Mosquensis,’ and ‘ Entom.

Mosquensis,’ 271.

Psamathia, new species of, 383.

Pselaphidee, on New Zealand, 196.

Pseudaletis, new species of, 360.

Pseudoclymene, note on species of,

92, 111.

Pseudomurex, new species of, 559.

Pseudoscorpions, on some, in the

British Museum, 451.

new species of,

Psilocerea, new species of, 574.

Psyllid, on a gall-producing, from

Syria, 306.

Pterhemia, new species of, 29.

Pterochilus, new species of, 48.

Pteropus, new species of, 469.

Ptilostena, new species of, 575.

Ptychopoda, new species of, 355.

Pudella, characters of the new

genus, 588.

Pyralausta, characters of the new

genus, 334.

Pyralide, new, 322, 509.

Pyrinia, new species of, 344.

Raia undulata, note on, &0.

Rasborichthys, new species of, 394.

Ratufa, new species of, 506.

Regan, C. T., on Raia undulata and

its distribution on the British

coasts, 80; on the osteology and

classification of the order Sclero-

areil, 169; on two new fishes

rom Paranagua, 231; on the

ceciliid fishes of the genus

enynsia, 232; on a new cyprinid

fish from Singapore, 394; re-

vision of the Myxinoids of the

ae Myxine, 395 ; on the fishes

escribed by Carmichael from

Tristan da Cunha, 466: synopsis

of the cichlid fishes of the genus

Crenicichla, 498 ; synopsis of the

siluroid fishes of the genus Lio-

cassis, 547.

Reptiles, new, 485.

Rheesena, new species of, 33.

Rhectosomia, new species of, 516.

Rhinolophus, new species of, 314.

Rhodine loveni, note on, 85.

Rhodomena, new species of, 363.

Rhodoneura, new species of, 235.

Rhysodina, new species of, 303.

Ricardo, Miss G., revision of the

Asilide of Australasia, 147, 409,

429; on new species of Tabanidze

from the Oriental Region, 542.

Rivula, new species of, 37.

Robson, G. C., on Aporemodon, a

new pulmonate genus, 425.

Salebria, new species of, 250.

Sameodes, new species of, 324.

Sarcistis, new species of, 257.

Saxicava, new species of, 223.

Schaus, W., on new heterocera from

Costa Rica, 1, 234, 342, 361; on

new species of Erycinide, 298.

596

Schwarz, E., on new local races ot

big game from Central and Western

Africa, 265 ; on two new mammals

from the Malay Archipelago, 296;

on new African antelopes, 494.

Sciurus, new subspecies of, 505.

Scleroparei, on the osteology and

classification of the, 169.

Scotinomys, characters of the new

genus, 408.

Scurria scurra, new variety of, 220.

Scutisorex, definition of the new

generic name, 321.

Semiothisa, new species of, 342.

Semnia, new species of, 261.

Seward, Prof. A. C., on the Wealden

floras, 589.

Sherborn, C. D., note on G. Fischer

de Waldheim’s ‘ Oryetographie du

Gouvernement de Moscou,’ ‘ Hist.

Nat. Mosquensis, and ‘ Entom.

Mosquensis,’ 271.

Smith, E. A., on Helix rufescens of

Pennant, 263.

Sorex, new species of, 214.

Soriculus, new species of, 216.

Sowerby, G. B., on: new marine

Gastropoda, 557.

Speosia, characters of the new genus,

256.

Sphecodes, new species of, 61.

Stenocrates, new species of, 465.

Streptopalpia, new species of, 260.

Sylvilagus, new species of, 210.

Sylvisorex, new species of, 321.

Synagris cornuta, new variety of, 46.

Syngatha, characters of the new

genus, 563.

‘Tabanidze, on new species of, from

the Oriental region, 542; notes on

the synonymy of, 560.

Tabanus, new species of, 543.

Tarista, characters of the new genus,

23.

Termitodesmus, new species of, 481.

Theope, new species of, 302.

Therocephalian skull, on the struc-

ture of the, 65.

INDEX,

Thliptoceras, new species of, 331.

Thomas, ‘O., on two new Australian

mammals, 79; on some rare Ama-

zonian mammals, 130; on small

‘mammals from Jujuy, 136; on

specimens of Glauconycteris from

the Cameroons, 144; notes on

S.-American Leporide, 209; on

four new shrews, 214; on African

bats and shrews, 314; on new

forms of Akodon and Phyllotis,

404; on a new shrew from the

Andaman Islands, 468; on new

African Epimys and Jaculus, 482 ;

on some mammals from Bali and

Mysol, 504; on certain of the

smaller S.-American Cervidee, 585.

Thursania, characters of the new

genus, 14,

Tipulide, on a new genus of, 575.

Tithraustes, new species of, 382.

Tortricodes, new species of, 26.

Tranoses, characters of the new

genus, 4,

Triozinz, note on a species of, 306.

Tumerepedes, characters of the new

genus, 564. al

Tupaia, new subspecies of, 505.

Ulophora, new species of, 248.

Upothenia, characters of the new

genus, 44.

Uzinia, characters of the new genus,

31.

Vidamus, new species of, 208.

Vipera ammodytes, on the geogra-

phical races of, 283. -

Waigeum, new species of, 566.

Watson, D. M.S., on the structure

of the therocephalian skull, 65.

Woodward, B. B., on Helix rufescens

of Pennant, 428.

Xantippe, new species of, 255.

Xenandra, new species of, 300.

Zamarada, new species of, 575.

Zealandius, new species of, 205.

Zeuctoneura, new species of, 356.

Zophodia, new species of, 249.

END OF THE ELEVENTH VOLUME.

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