“Omnes res creatz sunt divine sapientix et potenti testes, divitia felicitatis

humane :—ex harum usu donitas Creatoris; ex pulchritudine sapientia Domini ;

ex ceconomid in conseryatione, proportione, renoyatione, potentia majestatis

elucet. Earum itaque indagatio ab hominibus sibi relictis semper eestimata ;

a veré eruditis et sapientibus semper exculta; malé doetis et barbaris semper

inimica fuit.”—Linnaus.

“Quel que soit le principe de la vie animale, il ne faut qu’ouvrir les yeux pour

voir qu’elle est le chef-d’ceuyre de la Toute-puissance, et le but auquel se rappor-

tent toutes ses opérations.”—Bruckner, Théorie du Systeme Animal, Leyden,

1767.

oo se mole s wits eeelne sylvan powers

Obey our summons; from their deepest dells

The Dryads come, and throw their garlands wild

And odorous branches at our feet; the Nymphs

That press with nimble step the mountain-thyme

And purple heath-flower come not empty-handed,

But scatter round ten thousand forms minute

Of velvet moss or lichen, torn from rock

Or rifted oak or cavern deep: the Naiads too

Quit their loved native stream, from whose smooth face

They crop the lily, and each sedge and rush

That drinks the rippling tide: the frozen poles,

Where peril waits the bold adventurer’s tread,

The burning sands of Borneo and Cayenne,

AU, all to us unlock their secret stores

And pay their cheerful tribute.

J. Taytor, Norwich, 1818.

» ) OO

Y i i ALERE 4 FLAMMAM.

f i> :

f 4

‘ Pept

CONTENTS OF VOL. XII.

(EIGHTH SERIES. }

NUMBER 67.

Page

1, Description of new Species of Pyralide of the Subfamily

Pyraustine. By Sir Grores F. Hampson, Bart., F.Z.S., &c. ....

II. Notes on the Lamellicorn Genus Popillia and Descriptions of

some new Oriental Species in the British Museum. By GILBERT

Soe ANTE ge SIE Se ERO IC an COIL g LICR Ca ae a

III. Some Mycetophilid Synonymy (Diptera). By F. W.

RBA DS ies herein «a Shere .atenng <p ue he 2) 25 OSS COE OCOD Sa

LV. Some new Species of Indian Tenebrionide. By K. G. Buarr. 56

V. On a new Species of Clementia. By A. J. JuKES-BROWNE,

E.RS., F.GS. (Plate L)........----.0 eee se MRT caararor eres eli 5

VI. Descriptions of new Species of African Heterocera in the

Oxford Museum. By G. T. BrTHUNE-BaKER, ELS. EAs eae ae

VII. Descriptions of Four new Fishes discovered by Mr. G. L.

Bates in the Nyong River, 8. Cameroon. By G. A. BoULENGER,

Tue SS 2 a2 0 eee oie Ys tO eae

VIII. On the Presence of Two closely allied Species of Toads of

the Genus Nectophryne in Cameroon. By G. A. BovLENGER, F.R.S. 70

IX. Description of a new Snake discovered by My, A. E. Pratt in

Eastern Peru. By G. A. BouLENGER, F.RS. ,..-..- 000s sere ees 72

X. Note on an interesting Abnormality in Echinus esculentus.

By Hersert L. Hawkins, M.Sc., F.G.S., Lecturer in Geology,

University College, Reading .......-sseesseesercereeectetrrces

XI. Descriptions of new Species belonging to the Homopterous

Family Cicadide. By W. L. DISTANT ..... ++ ++ ee eer rere 76

XII. On new Species of Histeride and Notices of others. By G.

[UTS are a A ts a 2) (0 0100) RRS ca a aa 81

ir CONTENTS.

Page

NOT Seme new Foe fem Asis and Afmiea By Onprisip

I oo cea cn ech cada eke canes ++ Wks bone eae s&s

XT. nn ee ea = i OS Ee

Benash Maseum, with ee pew Speces By Guorreer

arpa, MA.

SO en i oat ee 6 NS 110

XVIL The Clesticstio of the Pacad Fishes By C. Tare

on ee ee Cee ere SS lil

Procesdimes of the Geolemiecal Sorety .........-...-.....- 146-152

No. XXXV-. By Pri Minne, MD_LLD_ PES. oe ie: 153

XIX Observations on Coleoptera of the Family Buprestide, with

—— of mew Species » On 6 ieee

iii teeta et ee ee ee a

XXL Observstions @ the Coloration of Echiwxs engulorus, A

Aces= 5, J. Srcarr Teowsos. PLD_ELS FRESE eter

im Vertebrate Zoology. Vietoria University of Manchester ....._.. 199

XI New and Incie-kmows Diptera Nematocers fram Ceylon

iy © Wi. Meeks =... eee iss

AX On new Meremsls obtained by the Utakwa Expedition to

Dac New Game. By Taomas

XXIV. Some mew Species of Uromys. By Otorretp Tzowas.. 212

XXV. Farther Notes om the Skull, Bram, and Orzams of Special

XVI Note om Myrine copemss. By C Tare Becas, MA 299

EXVIE A “sitar eabarcmemengeEE Sy > Tk 5o~

By W. T. Carwas, DSe

= _ XSVIEL Deserptioms of mew Species of Molina By G. B.

Sevazer,F LS (Pis& IL)

Proceedims: of the Geological Society ............ est

CONTENTS. Vv

NUMBER 69,

Page

XXIX. A Report on the Extra-Antarctic Amphipoda Hyperiidea

collected by the ‘ Discovery.’ By Dororuy A. Srewart, B.Sc.,

Platt Zoological Research Scholar, the University of Manchester.

GE tates Pave gn ie Serr Aas, dacs ietaaldate <iaac'40 os vcs maaan oan 245

XXX. Note on the Crop in the Mallophaga and on the Arrange-

ment and Systematic Value of the Crop-Teeth. By Brucr F,

PU RRORIOEE SRE ee iLls wiefuigiel on) oidlcjosele eunjove es eo fic A ieBfvw ofa oll ole: he lore 266

XXXI. A new Genus of Glossophagine Bat from Colombia. By

MPI IPR HCE TC OMUAD ei: E.6 titi siehd vie aah ajeceisuaieie'+ sbinihe.a bis) susfo oho» Anis b's 270

XXXII. Ephemeride from Tropical Africa. By the Rev. A. E.

Span Cyne Wie ee SE ener sm iS cia o aisle thas ain’ s = etal's isle als view’ oie. heieimni 271

XXXIII. Fishes from Peru, collected by Dr. H. O. Forbes. By

RIES EEC GUN MIEN lara coke) s Oxi qish ye orelc a ae. 9: Faia. alae wets aye si tyes es 278

XXXIV. Fishes from the River Ucayali, Peru, collected by

Map Wowusey, by Clare REGAN, MA, oo. 8. cock ee cw nee ee 281

XXXV, Contributions to a Knowledge of Oriental Rhynchota.

Sele E) ES BANU E Ges ariepete chu Pl asarche olelsiniaca 21,4 /-lep-Yeisae>le 9 a4 «010 p:° 283

XXXVI. On a Kangaroo and a new Palm-Civet in the British

Mirmmenrive | Dye PNGE CIWAEZ! «ols da ose sy cnc e sn s0 ee nee ns 288

XXXVII. Brief Descriptions of new Thysanoptera.—I. By

Ricuarp 8. BaGnatt, F.L.S., F.E.S. (Hope Department of Zoology,

Ranversiby Moser ORfOTAN NG cos clsindcciictcw sss cece ec cemsenac’ 290

XXXVIII. Descriptions of new Species of Pyralide of the Sub-

family Pyraustine. By Sir GroreGE F, Hampson, Bart., F.Z.8., &c. 299

Bculsp emote tyes nike. Uy tectiotet nad cena ce pul eelc ce awe axes 319

NUMBER 70.

XXXIX. Descriptions of new Species of Staphylinide from the

West Indies. By Matcoim Cameron, M.B., R.N., F.E.S.—Part I. 321

XL. On new Species of Misteride and Notices of others, with

Descriptions of new Species of Miponius. By G. Lewis, F.L.S.

late VEIT)... nsc.<5 He Bic nt LG pty SO okt POO US SORE Tenor 361

XLI. The Geographical Races of the Woolly Opossum (Philander

Reger ee SyROIE DRUG DP HOM AR: fc. a ipc se fs x, «Jains. 9 #\e sine ep © >.0.8 358

XLII. Three new Voles from the [nner Hebrides, Scotland. By

G. E. H. Barrerr-Hamitton and Martin A.C. HINTON ....., 361

vi CONTENTS.

Page

XLII. Descriptions and Records of Bees—LIV. By T, D. A.

CockERELL, University of Colorado ......e..eeee cece ene eeees 368

XLIV. Thawnastotherium osborni, anew Genus of Perissodactyles

from the Upper Oligocene Deposits of the Bugti Hilis of Baluchistan.

—Preliminary Notice. By C. ForsrEr-Coopsr, M.A., University

Demonstrator in Comparative Morphology, Cambridge .......... 576

XLV. Notes on Actinostola callosa (Verrill) =Dysactis crassi-

cornis (Hertwig). By OLwen M. Ress, B.Sc.,U.C.W. Aberystwyth. 382

XLVI. A new Species of Dwarf Potto. By Ovpririp Tuomas . 387

XLVII. British Fossil Crinoids.—IX. Cydonocrinus parvulus,

n, g. et sp., Yoredale Beds, Yorkshire. By F. A. Baruer, F.R.S. . 588

XLVIIL. Notes on the Lamellicorn Coleoptera of Japan and

Descriptions of a few new Species. By G. J. ARROW,.........+: 5o4

NUMBER 71.

XLIX. On a small Collection of Marine Shells from Henderson

Island. “By EA.-Seire, 15:0. .(Plate LX.)\2 jacive de eames 409

L. Some Notes on the Parasitic Copepod Thersitina gasterostet,

Pagenstecher. By Ropert Gurney, M.A. (Plates XXIII.) .. 415

LI, Synopsis of the Melolonthid Genus Anecistrosoma, with

Descriptions of new Species and an allied new Genus. By G. J.

PATRIRO Wer & icuert dete Giclee Gases ele phe ern 619-9. 0's a.8 of eh¥ ia nib is 861s lade cet 425

LII. New Minute Terrestrial and Aquatic Mollusca from the

Dutch East Indian Island of Beilan-Beilan, with Descriptions of

Four new Genera and Subgenera. By H. B. Preston, F.Z.8, .... 452

LIII. A new Variety of Polydesmus coriaceus, Porat, and Note on

a Centipede Monstrosity. By C. M. Srvpre, B.Sc........... se.» 439

LIV. Some hitherto-undescribed Ipide and Platypodide from

India and Burma. By Lt.-Col. Winn Sampson, F.E.S. ........ 443

LV. Note on the Voles of the orcadensts Group. By Martin

PSG MELLIN GROIN Ee bore Ske i Let ice lores usin e lef atete cits fete ate) « ny lee 452

LVI, The Fishes of the San Juan River, Colombia. By C. Tarr

REGAN, IMA. ciccas cee kien Sha His RAT 4 ye SS Sib Se melts eee 462

LVII. On the Shells known as Gemma, Parastarte, and Psephidia.

By A. J. JuKES-BROWNE, B.A., FBS. 0... cece eee eee a edie 473

LVIII. Rhynchotragus damarensis variant, subsp. nu. By R. E.

DRAKH=BROCKMAN, MARC .S., 1 C.P., EZ. «ss +. «aeeeeeeee 481

CONTENTS. vil

Page

LIX. Descriptions of Five new Cichlid Fishes from Africa. By

Cee EOULENGHR, PLES ven erssc sa eet erst ce nnens 482

LX. Undescribed Species of Cicadide. By W. L. Distant .... 485

LXI. Four new Species of Apide (Hymenoptera), with Notes on

other Species. By Grorrrry MrapE-WALDO, M.A.........-++-. 491

LXII. Diptera from the Falkland Islands, with Descriptions of a

new Genus and Two new Species. Ey Ernest KE. AUSTEN ...... 498

Correction of Generic Name, by C. Forster-Cooper, M.A., Univer-

sity Demonstrator in Comparative Morphology, Cambridge... . 504

NUMBER 72.

LXIII. Descriptions and Records of Bees—LY. By T. D. A.

Cocwmpnns, Wniversity Of Colorado) ic. bei. cece lke ies oe es 505

LXIV. New Anthracotheres and allied Forms from Baluchistan.

—Preliminary Notice. By C. Forsrer-Cooprr, M.A., University

Demonstrator in Comparative Morphology, Cambridge .......... 514

LXV. Characters of new Genera and Species of Terrestrial

Mollusca from Norfolk Island. By H. B. Preston, F.Z.S. ...... 522

LXVJ. Five new Siphonaptera from Asiatic Russia, collected by

W. Riickbeil. By the Hon. N. Cuartes Rotuscurip, M.A.

WED aR MAVEN aM stare) «- erat: heatasi@ianarere ta eS Riaatdys Meche « oan was 538

LXVII. Notes on the South-American Freshwater Flying-fish,

Gastropelecus, and the common Flying-fish, Evocetus. By W.G.

ESTER IE NO Pyeaes (taba Me )\i0 7 55,5 <i ataley dns. cinhal gia aberhl'a ici oe lave vara he. «ak 544

LXVIII. Phallostethus dunckeri, a remarkable new Cyprinodont

isn tremysouore,” By’ Cy Tarn REGAN, MAS ewes See dee tcle ss 548

LXIX. Description of a new Loricariid Fish of the Genus Pleco-

stomus from Rio Janeiro. By C. Tarr Reean, M.A............. 595

LXX. Onsome recently received Rhynchota. By W.L. Distant. 556

LXXI. Descriptions of new Lizards in the Collection of the

Britis Nusewoa by G: A. BouLENGER, FURS... 0.066.008 lek. 563

LXXII. Description of a new Cyprinodont Fish from the Sobat

een ee Enya ho es OULENG Hiss okt oee viv siviets Statice sose's's o0'e 5 ois 566

LXXIII. New Mammals:from South America. By OLpFreLp

THOMAS 567

LXXIV. Descriptions of some new Forms of Antelope, with

Notes. By the Hon. Waiter Roruscui.p, F.R.S., Ph.D. ...... 574

viil CONTENTS.

Page

LXXV. A Synopsis of the Genus Tizamus. By Lorp Bra-

BOURNE, F.Z.S., M.B.O.U., and Coares Cuuss, F.Z.S., M.B.0.U. 577

LXXVI. Descriptions of new Genera and Species of Noctuide.

By Sir Grorer F.HaAmeson, Bart. F.ZS. .......00 cbeeecceon 580

Proceedings of the Geological Society ............cceeeees 601, 602

Index” <a oawcenee Boaters itis ite,2t) abla lahelm syathie| oie telie ol singe nys aiaiiensunieat ea 603

PLATES IN VOL. XIL

PuaTE I, Clementia obliqua and C. vatheleti.

II. New species of Pheidoliphila, Chlamydopsis, and

Aristomorphus.

III. New species of Mollusca.

IV. Vibilia serrata.

WV:

VI. Vibilia hodgsoni.

VII. Hemiscelus diplochelatus,

VIII. New species of Cylistix, Onthophilus, and Niponius.

IX. New species of Engina, Tritonidea, and Calliostoma.

Thersitina gasterostei.

; Siphonaptera from Asiatic Russia.

XVI. Gastropelecus stellatus.

THE ANNALS

AND

MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY.

[EIGHTH SERIES. ]

SO jaatcuseeae cesta per litora spargite muscum,

Naiades, et circiim vitreos considite fontes:

Pollice virgineo teneros hic carpite flores:

Floribus et pictum, dive, replete canistrum.

At vos, o Nymphe Craterides, ite sub undas;

Ite, recurvato variata corallia trunco

Vellite muscosis e rupibus, et mihi conchas

Ferte, Dez pelagi, et pingui conchylia suceo.”’

N. Parthenii Giannettasi, Eel. 1.

No. 67. JULY 1913.

I. — Descriptions of new Species of Pyralide of the Sub-

family Pyraustine. By Sir Grorce F. Hampson, Bart.,

F.Z:8., &e.

[Continued from vol, xi. p. 580. ]

(4) Eeeristis argyresthalis, sp. n.

&. Head, thorax, and abdomen brownish white. Fore

wing brownish white, the costal edge golden brown to beyond

middle ; a slight subbasal silvery line ; an indistinct yellowish

antemedial band, edged by waved silvery lines; a round

yellowish spot in middle of cell defined by silver, and a similar

discoidal spot constricted at middle ; a postmedial yellowish

and silvery band defined on each side by fine brown lines,

slightly incurved below costa and oblique below vein 4, with

some small brown and silvery somewhat dentate marks

beyond it towards apex ; a fine dark terminal line with two

points at middle; cilia whitish, with a fine brown line

through them. Hind wing ochreous white tinged with

brown towards termen ; cilia white.

Hab. N, Avstraura, Port Darwin (Buckland), 1 ¢ type,

Exp. 16 mm.

Ann. & Mag. N, Hist, Ser. 8. Vol, xii. l

Sir G. F. Hampson on new

(5) Criophthona aridalis, sp. n.

9. Head and thorax ochreous tinged with brown; palpi

rufous, white below ; abdomen ochreous white. Fore wing

ochreous white irrorated with dark brown and tinged with

rufous towards costa, the costal edge white; a faint dark

discoidal spot ; postmedial line dark, rather diffused, ex-

curved from costa to vein 8, then retracted to below angle of

cell; cilia white, with dark lines near base and at tips.

Hind wing white; the underside with the costal area irro-

rated with brown, a slight dark spot at upper angle of cell

and punctiform postmedial line from costa to vein 3.

Hab. Carx Corony, Zuurberg (Bairstow),1 2 type. Exp.

20 mm.

(7a) Metasia arida, sp. 0.

Frons slightly produced,

Head, thorax, and abdomen grey-white tinged with brown.

Fore wing grey-white tinged with brown; an indistinct

eurved antemedial brown line; postmedial line brown,

slightly sinuous towards costa, excurved from discal fold to

below vein 3, then bent inwards to below angle of cell, and

slightly sinuous to inner margin; a terminal series of dark

points. Hind wing grey-white tinged with brown ; post-

medial line slight, brown, excurved from discal fold to

below vein 8, then obsolete; a terminal series of dark

points.

Hab. Sierra Leone (Clements),1 9; N. Nicrria, Borgu,

Yelwa Lake (Migeod), 1 2 type. Hap. 14 mm.

(7 6) Metasia eremialis, sp. n.

Frons produced to a long process rounded at extremity.

&. Head, thorax, and abdomen white mixed with some

brown; palpi and frontal process at sides dark brown.

Fore wing white sparsely irrorated with brown, the costal

area tinged with red-brown ; an indistinct obliquely curved

antemedial brown line ; a brown annulus in middle of cell

and elliptical discoidal annulus ; postmedial line brown,

straight from costa to vein 2, then retracted to below angle

of cell and again excurved ; a fine brown terminal line and

a line through the cilia. Hind wing white slightly irrorated

with brown; postmedial line slight, brown, oblique and

slightly sinuous to vein 2, then retracted to below angle of

cell and excurved to inner margin; a fine brown terminal

line and a line near tips of cilia.

Species of Pyralidee. 3

Hab. Transvaau, Johannesburg (Cooke), 1 g type. Exp.

22 mm.

(7c) Metasia perirrorata, sp. n.

Frons produced to a moderate rounded process.

6. Head, thorax, and abdomen greyish suffused with

brown; sides of palpi and frons blackish; fore tibiz at

extremity and tarsi banded with blackish. Fore wing grey

thickly irrorated with brown; a dark spot at base of costa;

a dark antemedial line from cell to inner margin; two

blackish discoidal striz, and a patch of dark suffusion beyond

lower angle of cell; postmedial line diffused, dark brown,

excurved to near termen between veins 5 and 2 with some

dark suffusion on its outer side below costa ; cilia with a

series of small dark spots. Hind wing grey, thickly irrorated

and suffused with brown.

Hab. N. Nigeria, Yorubaland, Ogbomoso (Carter), 1 3

type. Hap. 14mm.

(10 c) Metasia tumidalis, sp. n.

Abdomen of male dilated at extremity with large pro-

trusible genital tufts,

Ochreous tinged with pale red-brown; head and front

of thorax suffused with fuscous; fore tibise: banded with

black ; abdomen with dorsal black spots on last two segments.

Fore wing with the costal area suffused with fuscous to

beyond middle ; an antemedial black line very oblique from

costa to below median nervure and angled inwards on vein 1;

a small annulus in middle of cell aud discoidal lunulate

annulus ; the postmedial line angled outwards below costa,

inwards in discal fold, at vein 2 retracted to below end of

cell, then somewhat excurved again; the terminal area

suffused with fuscous; cilia ochreous with a black line

through them and their tips fuscous. Hind wing with

minutely waved black line from discocellulars to inner

margin above tornus ; the postmedial line angled outwards

at vein 5 and ending on termen_at vein 2; the apical area

suffused with fuscous down to vein 2; a wayed black ter-

minal line and a line through the cilia,

Hab. N. Gurnea, Milne B., 2 3 type, Mailu; Fereusson ee

1 ¢; Ron 1; Gooprnovcn I.; Wooptark; QUEENSLAND,

Cedar B. (Meek),1 9. Exp. 22 mm,

(12a) Metasia sinuifera, sp. n,

Frons produced to a moderate rounded process,

¢. Head and thorax grey-white irrorated with fuscous ;

4 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

palpi and frons black ; antennz ringed with blackish; fore

and mid legs blackish above, the tarsi ringed with blackish ;

abdomen grey-white tinged with brown. Fore wing grey-

white thickly irrorated with fuscous ; some blackish at base

of costa; antemedial line blackish, angled outwards below

costa, then oblique; a small oblique elliptical blackish

discoidal annulus ; postmedial line black, incurved at discal

fold, obliquely excurved to vein 2, then retracted to below

angle of cell, and erect to inner margin ; a fine black ter-

minal line and lines near base and tips of cilia. Hind wing

grey-white thickly irrorated with fuscous ; a rather diffused

oblique black antemedial line; postmedial line black,

obliquely excurved from discal fold to vein 2 where it is

retracted, then obsolete ; a fine black terminal line and lines

near base and tips of cilia.

Hab. TransvaaL, White R. (Cooke), 2 g type. Ezxp.

20 mm.

_ (16a) Metasia punctimarginalis, sp. u.

¢. Head, thorax, and abdomen whitish irrorated with

brown; palpi blackish, white below; fore tibiz and tarsi

tinged with fuscous. Fore wing whitish tinged with brown

and irrorated with fuscous, the basal half of costa fuscous,

the terminal half with black striz ; an indistinct slightly

waved antemedial line ; a fuscous spot in middle of cell and

another rather further from base in submedian fold ; an

oblique white discoidal lunule defined at sides by black ;

postmedial line excurved below costa, slightly incurved at

discal fold, excurved to vein 2, then retracted to below angle

of cell and again slightly excurved; a brown terminal line

with series of black points on it; cilia brownish white with

fuseous line near base. Hind wing whitish tinged with

brown and irrorated with fuscous; a black discoidal spot ;

postmedial line excurved between veins 5 and 2, then re-

tracted to below angle of cell; a brownish terminal line

with series of black points on it ; cilia brownish white with

fuscous line near base. ;

Hab, Borneo, Sarawak (Wallace), 1 g type. Eup.

14 mm.

(246) Metasia bilunalis, sp, n.

&. Head, tegule, and patagia ochreous; palpi at sides

and vertex of thorax dark brown ; pectus, legs, and abdomen

ochreous. Fore wing ochreous slightly tinged with reddish

Species of Pyralide. 5

brown in parts ; an oblique blackish suhbasal bar from sub-

median fold to inner margin; a brown lunule defined by

black in cell towards extremity confluent with a fascia below

the cell angled inwards to near the subbasal bar ; an ochreous

discoidal lunule defined by black except above, with two short

obliquely placed black streaks below it ; a diffused brownish

subterminal band, oblique towards costa, then with slight

dentate black marks on it to above inner margin ; a terminal

series of small dentate black marks; cilia with a fine dark

line near base. Hind wing uniform ochreous white ; cilia

whitish with a slight brown “line near base.

Palpi projecting about three times length of head ; fore

wing very long and narrow.

Hab. Vicroria, 1 g type. Exp. 22 mm,

Genus GONOPIONEA, noy.

Type, G. albilunalis.

Palpi porrect, projecting about the length of head, tri-

angularly scaled, the third joint hidden in hair; maxillary

palpi dilated with scales ; frons rounded ; antennz laminate

in both sexes, strongly so in male; hind tibize with the

outer medial spur about half length of inner. Fore wing

with the termen strongly excurved at middle, excised below

apex and towards tornus ; vein 3 from before angle of cell;

4,5 stalked; 6 from below upper angle; 7 from angle,

straight and well separated from 8, 9; 10, 11 stalked.

Hind wing with vein 3 from near angle of cell ; 4, 5 stalked;

6, 7 from upper angle, 7 strongly anastomosing with 8.

(1) Gonopionea sanguiflualis, sp. n.

6. Head white ; palpi except below and antennz chestnut ;

thorax pale crimson; abdomen chestnut ; pectus, legs, and

ventral surface of abdomen white. Fore wing pale crimson ;

the costa brown to beyond middle ; a slightly sinuous deep

crimson antemedial line; a quadrate hyaline spot in end of

cell, with some dark suffusion between it and the rounded

hyaline spot beyond the cell which is bounded by the dark

postmedial line, obliquely sinuous from it to inner margin ;

a terminal brown line; the cilia yellow, brown at middle.

Hind wing yellowish white ; the termen brown from apex to

vein 2, towards which it expands into a patch.

Hab. Jamaica, Moneague (Walsingham), 1 3 type, New-

castle. Hap. 12 mm,

Lop)

Sir G. F. Hampson on new

(2) Gonopionea purpurealis, sp. n.

d. Head and thorax purplish pink; palpi whitish at

base ; antenne with the shaft whitish above; pectus and

legs white, the fore tibiz and tarsi tinged with pink on inner

side; abdomen purplish pink, the ventral surface white.

Fore wing purphsh pink ; an oblique triangular yellow

patch from middle of costa to just beyond the cell with

whitish lunule on its lower part, the costa beyond it brown,

yellow before apex ; cilia yellow, dark brown at apex and

middle. Hind wing white; the termen suffused with

purplish pink, running inwards at vein 2 half way to cell;

cilia white.

Hab, W. Cotomsia, 8. Antonio (Palmer), 1 ¢ type.

Exp. 22 mm.

(3) Gonopionea albilunalis, sp. n.

Head, thorax, and abdomen pale reddish brown; frons

whitish ; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen white ;

fore tarsi with the termimal joint black. Fore wing pale

reddish brown with a purple gloss; a waved black ante-

medial line from cell to inner margin; a white diseoidal

Junule, defined by black except above where it is conjoimed

to a whitish patch on costa, an oblique waved black line

from its lower extremity to inner margin strongly angled

inwards on vein 2; cilia white except at middle. Hind

wing whitish, the terminal area broadly suffused with brown

from costa to vem 2 with fuscous postmedial bar on its

inner edge between veins 6 and 5; underside white with

fuscous discoidal point and postmedial bar.

Hab. Fr. Guiana, St. Jean Maroni (Schaus), 1 ¢% type,

type g in Coll. Schaus. Hap., g 22, 2 26mm.

(1 a) Pionea pectinalis, sp. n.

Antenne of male bipectinate with rather long branches ;

mid tibize not dilated ; hind tibize with the inner medial spur

minute.

go. Head and thorax cupreous yellow suffused with

brown; pectus with three pairs of lateral brown spats;

abdomen yellowish white with dorsal series of brown patches

and lateral and ventral spots on basal segments. Fore wing

cupreous yellow irrorated with brown, the base of costal

area suffused with brown ; an eblique diffused waved sub- ~

basal line from costa to vein 1 ; a diffused waved antemedial

line from subcostal nervure to inner margin ; a round white

Species of Pyralide. 7

spot’ defined by black in upper angle of cell ; an oblique ~

postmedial bar from below costa to vein 9, with a rather

triangular whitish spot beyond it followed by a diffused

lunulate black-brown patch with spot on costa above it and

very oblique dentate line from it to immer margin ; some

black points on costa towards apex and a terminal series.

Hind wing white slightly tinged with yellowish towards

termen on which there is a series of black points from apex

to vein 2 where there is a larger spot; the underside with

black spots in and beyond upper angle of cell and a post-

medial series slightly excurved below costa and strongly

below vein 5.

Hab. Cotomsta, Sierra del Libane, 6000! (H. H. Smith),

1 g type. Eap. 28 mm.

(1b) Pionea albiflua, sp. n.

3. Head and tegule purplish red ; frons black-brown ;

a whitish streak on vertex of head ; thorax brownish white

with black fasciz on shoulders and outer edge of patagia ;

pectus whitish and brown ; legs purplish red with whitish

streaks, the tarsi ringed with whitish ; abdomen whitish

tinged with brown, the ventral surface purplish red. Fore

wing with the costal and terminal areas purplish red; the

rest of basal area brown with a whitish patch at base of

inner margin ; the medial area obliquely whitish except to-

wards costa ; an elongate black annulus with brownish centre

in middle of cell conjoined to the dark basal area, and a

whitish discoidal lunule open below; postmedial line

blackish, arising below costa, incurved and with black

patch beyond it to vein 4 where it is angled outwards, then

again incurved ; the terminal area tinged with brown to-

wards apex ; aseries of small black spots on costa towards

apex and on termen which is whitish. Hind wing white,

the terminal area suffused with brown except towards

tornus ; a series of small black spots on termen from apex

to vein 2 ; cilia whitish ; the underside with the costal area

and terminal area to vein 2 suffused with purplish red, black

lunules before and beyond the discocellulars, a curved post-

medial series of small black spots.

Hab. W. Cotompia, San Antonio (Palmer), 1 3 type.

Exp. 30 mm. .

(le) Pionea distictalis, sp. 0.

Antenne of male bipectinate with short branches ; mid

tibie not dilated ; hind tibiz with the spurs well developed.

8 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

3. Wead and thorax brown with a cupreous gloss ; palpi

at base, pectus,.and legs whitish, the fore tibiz fuscous ;

abdomen whitish tinged with brown. Fore wing brown

with a cupreous gloss; a rather diffused and slightly sinuous

dark antemedial line from cell to inner margin; a rounded

ochreous-white spot in upper angle of cell; an oblique

sinuous rather diffused dark postmedial line from vein 3 to

inner margin ; a conical ochreous-white postmedial patch

from costa to vein 5, somewhat constricted at middle and

defined by fuscous ; cilia pale brown. Hind wing whitish

tinged with brown especially on apical part of termen; the

underside with slight dark point at upper angle of cell,

a slight postmedial line from costa to vein 5, where there

is a dark spot and another at middle of submedian fold.

Hab. Coromsia, Sierra del Libane, 6000! (H. H. Smith),

1g type. Hap.25 mm,

(le) Pionea albiluna, sp. n.

Antenne of male with the shaft laminate and with ridges

of scales above.

6. Head and thorax reddish brown; palpi black, white

below at base; pectus and legs creamy white, the fore tibiz

with blackish band at extremity ; abdomen whitish, dorsally

sufiused with brown. Fore wing dull brown; an indistinct

dark antemedial line, oblique from costa to submedian fold ;

an oblique white discoidal lunule defined by blackish except

above, where it is confluent with a yellow spot on costa; an

indistinct dark line from lower angle of cell to inner margin,

bent inwards to submedian fold, then slightly excurved.

Hind wing white faintly tinged with brown, the terminal

area suffused with brown; the underside with the costal

area suffused with brown, a black discoidal spot, a slight

brown postmedial line, angled inwards and with brown spot

on it at discal fold, then oblique to submedian fold where it

terminates.

Hab. W. Cotompra, San Antonio (Palmer), 1 ¢ type.

Exp, 22 mm.

(1f) Pionea dichorda, sp. n.

¢. Head and thorax whitish suffused with rufous ; palpi

rufous, the third joint with black ring at base; sides of

frons blackish ; fore tibiz blackish above; abdomen whitish

tinged with rufous. Fore wing whitish tinged with rufous,

the costal area suffused with purplish red ; a small blackish

spot in cell before the strong black antemedial line which is

Species of Pyvalide. 9

bent inwards to costa; a blackish discoidal bar; a strong

oblique black postmedial line; the costa towards apex and

termen with series of small black spots. Hind wing white

faintly tinged with rufous ; a terminal series of small black

spots from apex to vein 2; the underside with small black

spots in middle of cell and on disecocellulars, an oblique

maculate postmedial line from costa to submedian fold.

Hab. W. Cotompia, San Antonio (Palmer), 1 ¢ type.

Exp. 16 mm.

(2a) Pionea nephelistalis, sp. n.

9. Head and thorax yellow tinged with brown ; pectus

and legs whitish; abdomen yellow dorsally suffused with

brown. Fore wing pale yellow, the medial area suffused

with brown except towards costa; an inwardly oblique

diffused black antemedial line from cell to inner margin ;

a black point in middle of cell and slight discoidal lunule ;

postmedial line formed of small wedge-shaped black marks

not extending to costa, excurved to vein 4, then very oblique,

with a diffused dark maculate band beyond it from below

costa to vein 3 and a patch above inner margin. Hind wing

pale yellow suffused with brown to beyond postmedial line

except on costal area which is whitish, the postmedial line

indistinct, pale, curved, defined on inner side by deeper

brown and witha diffused band beyond it ; the underside

pale yellowish with diffused curved brown postmedial line.

Hab. C. Cutna, Ichang ((rs. Prati), 1 9 type. Exp.

26 mm.

(10 a) Pionea fovifera, sp. n.

Fore wing of male with large fovea below base of cell

on upperside; hind wing with the costa strongly lobed at

base.

¢. Head and thorax white suffused with reddish brown ;

pectus, legs, and abdomen white. Fore wing white suffused

with reddish brown ; a slight dentate excurved blackish

antemedial line from below costa to beyond the fovea ;

a slight blackish discoidal lunule; postmedial line very

indistinct, blackish, minutely dentate, excurved from costa

to vein 4, then oblique ; a terminal series of black points.

Hind wing white faintly tinged with brown.

Hab. Cua, Sautiago (Schaus), 1 g type. Exp. 14 mm.

(34a) Pionea nomophilodes, sp. n.

Palpi about three times length of head,

10 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

Head and thorax pale red-brown; palpi white below ;

legs pale red-brown $ pectus and abdomen brownish white.

Fore wing white tinged with pale red-brown, especially on

costal area; a minute black point in middle of cell and dis-

coidal point just above lower angle of cell ; a terminal series

of minute black points. Hind wing white faintly tinged

with red-brown; a terminal series of minute black points.

Hab. Cuit1, Mulchen (Hiwes), 1 3, 1 2 type. Lap.

22 mm.

(34c) Pionea melanephra, sp. n.

9. Head, thorax, and abdomen ochreous; palpi black

below ; antennze brownish; fore tibie with black band

at extremity, the tarsi banded with blackish. Fore wing

ochreous, irrorated with a few blackish scales; an indistinct

sinuous dark antemedial line; a faint brown annulus in

middle of cell and prominent black discoidal lunule with

slight brown striga in centre, a black point above it on

costa ; postmedial line with black spot at costa, then slight

and with series of black points on it, inmcurved and with

small black spot at discal fold, below vein 4 bent inwards to

below end of cell, then again excurved ; the terminal area,

suffused with rufous; a series of black points on costa to-

wards apex and on termen. Hind wing creamy white, the

terminal area tinged with rufous from costa to vein 2; a

small black spot at upper angle of cell and point at lower

angle ; a terminal series of points from apex to vein 2; the

underside with postmedial series of small black spots excurved

between veins 4 and 2.

Hab. W. Cotomsia, San Antonio (Palmer), 1 ¢ type.

Exp. 24 mm.

(35 6) Pionea chalcitahs, sp. n.

@. Head and thorax cupreous yellow almost entirely

suffused with black; palpi whitish at base; legs yellow

marked with black ; abdomen whitish tinged with cupreous

and dorsally suffused with black forming diffused bands

except at base. Fore wing cupreous yellow suffused with

black except at base of inner margin, on medial costal area,

and terminal area; a triangular yellow antemedial patch

from costa with indistinct diffused black line from it to

inner margin; a small round white spot defined by black in

upper angle of cell connected with the yellow costal area ;

a triangular postmedial yellow patch from costa with three

white points below it, a diffused black patch beyond them

Species of Pyralida. 11

and a diffused incurved dark line from them to inter margin

with yellow marks on inner side above and below vein 2 ;

some small black spots on costa towards apex ; a terminal

series of black points: Hind wing white, the inner area

tinged with brown; the terminal area slightly tinged with

brown from apex to vein 2; a terminal series of black

points ; cilia yellow; the underside with the costal area

irrorated with brown, the terminal area tinged with brown,

black spots m and beyond end of cell, and a maculate curved

postmedial line.

Hab. Cotomsta, Sierra del Libane, 6000' (H. H. Smith),

1 $ type. Eaxp. 24 mm.

(35 c) Pionea obvialis, sp. n.

6. Head and thorax red-brown mixed with some ochreous;

palpi at base, pectus, and legs more ochreous ; abdomen

red-brown with dorsal blackish bands more prominent on

the two basal segments, the ventral surface ochreous suffused

with red-brown and with sublateral series of small black

spots. Fore wing red-brown slightly mixed with ochreous ;

a strong oblique black antemedial lime from cell to inner

margin and a strong black postmedial line very oblique

below vein 4, the area between them yellowish on inner

half; a small hyaline spot in upper part of end of cell

defined by black, and a similar spot above vein 6 before the

postmedial line, with a black line from it to vein 5; the

termen and base of cilia narrowly yellowish with a terminal

series of blackish points. Hind wing yellowish white, the

terminal area suffused with brown except towards tornus ;

the underside with the costal area suffused with red-brown,

small black spots in and beyond upper angle of cell and a

slight postmedial line somewhat excurved at vein 5 and with

small blackish spot at discal fold.

Hab. Purv, Cerro del Pasco, Huancabamba, 1 ¢ type.

Exp. 20 mm.

(86a) Pionea enealis, sp. n.

¢. Head and thorax brassy yellow suffused with fuscous

brown; palpi black, white below; pectus and legs whitish

marked with fuscous ; abdomen white with dorsal series of

blackish bands and ventral series of small black spots. Fore

wing brassy yellow irrorated with brown; a black ante-

medial line curved inwards to costa with an oblique whitish

bar on its outer edge in cell ; a white discoidal bar defined

by black at sides and constricted at middle; a black post-

medial line with whitish band on inner side from costa to

12 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

vein 5, defined on inner side by a fine black line except at

costa, the postmedial line strong, diffused and obliquely in-

curved below vein 5 ; a terminal series of prominent black

points. Hind wing white with terminal series of small

black spots ; the underside with the costal and apical part

of terminal area tinged with brown, black spots in and

beyond end of cell, a curved postmedial series of small black

spots.

baa: Cotomsta, Sierra del Libane, 6000’ (H. H. Smith),

1 gtype. Hap. 24 mm.

(37 a) Pionea luniferalis, sp. n.

2. Head, thorax, and abdomen brown with an neous

gloss; palpi at base, pectus, legs, and abdomen white, the

fore tibie banded with brown. Fore wing brown with an

zeneous gloss ; an indistinct, oblique, rather diffused, fuscous

antemedial line; a rather lunulate postmedial yellow patch

from costa to vein 5 with the indistinct diffused postmedial

line on its outer edge, strongly incurved below vein 5;

apical part of costa yellowish with slight brown spots ;

apical half of cilia yellow with small brown spots at base.

Hind wing pale brown with an eneous gloss; cilia yellow

with a brown line at base; the underside white tinged with

brown especially on terminal area, a slight spot at upper

augle of cell and curved postmedial line.

Hab. Braz, Organ Mts., Tijuca (Wagner), 1 ¢ type.

Eup. 24 mm.

(38 a) Pionea ochropera, sp. n.

g. Head and thorax ochreous tinged with rufous and

mixed with dark brown; pectus whitish ; fore tibize with

black band near extremity ; abdomen white dorsally suffused

with dark brown leaving white segmental lines. Fore wing

ochreous irrorated with dark brown and suffused with

purplish fuscous except on costal area and inner margin, the

apical area ochreous, with a dark streak below vein 8 ;

antemedial line blackish, angled outwards below costa and

bent outwards to inner margin; a black annulus in middle

of cell and narrow elliptical discoidal annulus defined by

black ; postmedial line blackish slightly defined on outer

side by ochreous, obliquely downcurved to vein 6, excurved

and slightly waved to vein 2, then bent inwards to below

end of cell and again excurved; some small black spots on

costa towards apex; a blackish terminal line with ochreous

points at the veins. Hind wing semihyaline white; black

Species of Pyralide. 13

points at angles of cell; the apical area and termen to vein 2

suffused with brown; the termen with blackish points to

submedian fold; cilia white with a dark line near base ;

the underside with the costal area slightly irrorated with

blackish, small black spots in end of cell and on discocellulars

and a point at lower angle, three postmedial black points

from costa to discal fold, then traces of a curved punctiform

lie to submedian fold where there is a black point, a ter-

minal series of black points.

Hab. Cotomsia, Sierra del Labano (H. A. Smith), 1 3

type. Exp. 26 mm.

(386) Pionea nigribasalis, sp. n.

$. Head, thorax, and abdomen brown strongly suffused

with black ; antenne ringed black and white; pectus and

legs paler, the tibiz-and tarsi banded with black. Fore

wing greyish, the basal area strongly suffused with black,

the rest of wing with red-brown; the basal area bounded by

a slight pale somewhat incurved antemedial line strongly

defined by black on outer side ; a pale discoidal spot defined

by brown, rounded above and acuminate below with a semi-

circular black mark above it on costa; postmedial line black,

dilated into a spot on costa, oblique to vein 6, then inwardly

oblique and waved, at vein 3 retracted to below angle of cell,

then again excurved, some deep brown suffusion beyond it

on costal area and from middle to inner margin; a sub-

terminal black spot above middle ; some black points on

costa towards apex and a terminal series with blackish spot

at apex ; cilia black with greyish tips. Hind wing greyish

suffused with fuscous brown, the apical part of terminal area

darker ; an indistinct curved postmedial line ; cilia brown

at base, greyish at tips ; the underside greyish irrorated with

brown, a slight black streak in cell near base and discoidal

spot, a sinuous postmedial line defined by a whitish band on

outer side, the terminal area fuscous.

Hab. Br. E. Arnica, Kikuyu, Roromo (Crawshay), 1 ¢

type. Exp. 18 mm.

(38 6) Pionea muscosalis, sp. n.

Head and thorax sap-green mixed with some whitish and

black scales; palpi whitish below and with black spot on

second joint; antennz brownish white ringed with black;

pectus and legs brownish white, the tarsi ringed with

fuscous ; abdomen ochreous brown with slight whitish seg-

mental rings. Fore wing sap-green slightly irrorated with

14 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

black, some deep rufous and blackish suffusion below and

beyond end of cell, and at base of inner margin; a diffused

blackish subbasal line; antemedial line black, oblique,

slightly sinuous ; the terminal half of eosta with black striz

with pale brown between them; postmedial line white,

defined on inner and outer sides by series of black points,

slightly excurved below costa and at middle; a terminal

white line with series of black points on it and black spot on

its inner edge at discal fold; cilia pale brown mixed with

fuscous and with whitish tips. Hind wing fuscous brown,

the cilia greyish with dark line near base; the underside

whitish tinged with brown, small black spots at angles of

cell, postmedial spots on costa and in discal fold and a

terminal series of strize.

Ab. 1. Fore wing with the antemedial line defined by

white on inner side except at costa, and with large patch

beyond it below the cell.

Hab. Transvaar, Lekkerwater Kloof (Janse), 3 ¢,1 9

type. Exp. 20 mm.

(50 a) Pionea squamosa, sp. ui.

?. Head, thorax, and abdomen white mixed with pale

brown. Fore wing white tinged with pale grey-brown and

irrorated with large white black-tipped scales forming

obscure bars on and heyond the discocellulars ; an indistinct

waved dark antemedial line; small white and dark spots on

costa just before and beyond end of cell; postmedial line

dark, defined on outer side by white towards costa, minutely

dentate, oblique from costa to discal fold, then inwardly

oblique; a fine blackish terminal line; cilia with a fine

white line near tips. Hind wing white tinged with brown ;

a punctiform black terminal line from apex to vein 2; the

underside white, the costal area and submedian fold irrorated

with brown, a dark postmedial shade from costa to vein 5,

Hab. Care Couony, Deelfontein (Sloggett), 1 2 type,

Exp. 16 mm,

(50 6) Pionea epiphenicealis, sp, n.

go. Head and thorax red-brown ; palpi below, pectus, and

legs white ; abdomen grey-brown with slight pale segmental

lines. Fore wing brown shot with purple and with slight

dark irroration; traces of a dark antemedial line slightly

angled outwards at median nervure ; an indistinct dark spot

in middle of cell and diseoidal lunule; traces of a medial

line, oblique towards costa and excurved beyond lower angle

Species of Pyralide. 15

of cell between vein 5 and submedian fold; postmedial line

dark slightly defined by ochreous on outer side, minutely

dentate, oblique towards costa, excurved between veins 6

and 3, then somewhat retracted ; a terminal series of black

points; cilia ochreous. Hind wing cupreous brown with a

slight dark terminal line; cilia yellowish white with a fine

dark line near base ; the underside ochreous white with dark

discoidal lunule, minutely dentate postmedial line excurved

at middle and terminal series of black strive.

Hab, Sierra Leone (Clements), 2 3 type. Exp. 22 mm.

(55 a) Pionea leptidalis, sp. n.

¢. Head, thorax, and abdomen pale reddish brown ;

palpi dark brown, white at base; pectus, legs, and ventral

surface of abdomen whitish. Fore wing pale reddish brown

with slight dark irroration ; antemedial line indistinct,

fuscous, rather diffused, very oblique from costa to median

nervure, then slightly incurved; adark discoidal lunule with

slight pale spot beyond it ; postmedial line indistinct, ex-

curved and slightly waved between veins 6 and 2 where it is

retracted to below angle of cell, then bent outwards again ;

a terminal series of black points. Hind wing white, the

termen tinged with brown and with a series of black points

from apex to submedian fold; the underside with curved

postmedial series of small brown spots from costa to vein 3,

Hab. Paracuay, Sapucay (Foster), 1 g type. Hap.

22 mm.

(56a) Pionea diopsalis, sp. n.

Head and thorax pale rufous ; palpi white at base; pectus

and legs white slightly tinged with rufous; abdomen white

tinged with rufous towards extremity. Fore wing pale

rufous, the inner area whitish; irrorated with a few black

scales ; antemedial line absent ; orbicular and reniform grey

defined by. fuscous, the former round, the latter irregularly

quadrate ; the terminal half of costa with series of small

dark spots ; postmedial line with series of black points and

traces of a minutely dentate line between them, slightly

excurved from costa to vein 4, then oblique; a terminal

series of prominent black points ; cilia greyish fuscous with

fine dark line near base. Hind wing white, the terminal

area tinged with brown ; a fine sinuous postmedial line from

costa to vein 3; a terminal series of black points; cilia with

a fine dark line near base; the underside irrorated with

16 Sir G. F, Hampson on new

fuscous, a dark spot at upper angle of cell and point at

lower angle, a maculate sinuous postmedial line.

Ab. 1. Fore wing with the orbicular and reniform deep

black.

Hab. Cutt, Mulchen (Elwes), 13,292 type. Exp.

24 mm.

(58 a) Fionea hematalis, sp. n.

Head, thorax, and abdomen yellow suffused with fiery

crimson ; palpi brown, white below ; threat white ; fore

tibise brown banded with white, the tarsi white ; mid tibiz

below and tarsi white. Fore wing yellow, the costal area,

base, streaks on the veins, and diffused lines fiery crimson

covering most of wing, the costa tinged with brown; the

diffused antemedial line somewhat oblique and sinuous; a

small brownish spot in middle of cell and discoidal lunule ;

postmedial line minutely dentate, oblique from costa to

vein 5, at vein 2 retracted to lower angle of cell, then some-

what oblique to inner margin; a minutely waved, curved

subterminal line; termen suffused with red; cilia brown.

Hind wing yellow, the veins streaked with fiery red; a

diffused streak on vein 1; diffused spots at origin of vein 2

and lower angle of cell; a minutely waved postmedial line

oblique from costa, at vein 2 retracted to the spot at lower

angle of cell, then oblique to inner margin ; a minutely

waved, curved subterminal line; termen suffused with red ;

cilia brown; the underside yellow with indistinct reddish

postmedial and subterminal lines.

Hab. Br. New Guinea, Mt. Kebea (Pratt), 1 3 type,

Dinawa, 1 ?, Mafalu, 1 2, Ekeikei, 2 9. Kap. 30 mm.

(62a) Pionea xanthographa, sp. un.

?. Head and thorax pale yellow ; palpi and sides of frons

rufous, the former white at base; pectus, tibia, and tarsi

white; abdomen white slightly tinged with ochreous. Fore

wing pale yellow, the costa tinged with rufous to beyond

middle; a nearly straight orange antemedial line ; an orange

discoidal bar ; postmedial line orange, very slightly excurved

from below costa to vein 3, then bent inwards to lower angle

of cell and again slightly excurved; a fine dark terminal

line; cilia white at tips. Hind wing pale yellow; an

oblique orange antemedial line from middle of cell to inner

margin; an oblique orange postmedial line from below costa

to tornus ; the termen whitish defined on inner side by an

orange line; a fine dark terminal line ; cilia orange at base,

whitish at tips ; the underside uniformly whitish.

Hab. S. Nicerta, Lagos (Boag), 1 ¢ type. Hap. 22 mm,

Species of Pyralide. 17

(63 a) *Pionea ignitals, sp. n.

9. Head and thorax deep red-brown ; base of palpi and

antenne, sides of frons, and throat pure white ; tarsi white ;

abdomen paler brown. Fore wing with the basal and costal

areas brown, the rest of wing orange-brown suffused with

brilliant purple-crimson ; a curved yellow band just beyond

middle from below costa to inner margin, dilated at lower

angle of cell, enclosing some crimson spots and edged by

red lines; cilia orange. Hind wing orange with the area

between submedian fold and vein 5 suffused with crimson,

crossed by an oblique yellow postmedial band outwardly

edged with red ; the termen black at apex, purple at middle ;

the tornus truncate.

Hab. Nicer R., Warri (Roth). Ezp.18 mm. Type in

Coll. Rothschild.

(76a) Pionea mesophealis, sp. n.

gd. Head and thorax orange-yellow ; palpi at base, pectus,

legs, and abdomen whitish, the anal tuft yellow. Fore

wing yellow irrorated with fuscous brown, except inner basal

area, the basal costal area and medial area slightly darker ;

a rather diffused straight erect antemedial fuscous line ;

a slight pale spot at lower angle of cell; a strong fuscous

postmedial line, excurved below costa, then curved inwards

to below angle of cell and straight to inner margin; a slight

diffused dark terminal band; cilia pale yellow. Hind wing

white, the terminal area slightly tinged with ochreous ; an

indistinct curved dark postmedial line except towards inner

margin ; the underside with the costal area suffused with

brown.

Hab. Br. BE. Arrica, Kikuyu, Roromo (Crawshay), 1 ¢

type. zp. 30 mm.

(82 a) Pionea ectophealis, sp. un.

@. Pale lemon-yellow ; palpi rufous, white below ; pectus

and legs white ; abdomen white dorsally tinged with yellow.

Fore wing with the costal edge brown ; the termen narrowly

brown, the cilia brown at base, white at tips. Hind wing

with a terminal line and base of cilia brown from apex to

vein 2, the rest of cilia white.

Hab. Ampoina (Doherty), 1 ¢ type. Exp. 22 mm.

(826) Pionea brunneicilalis, sp. n.

3. Fulvous yellow; tibiz and tarsi whitish. Fore wing

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xii. 2

18 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

with the costal and terminal areas rather deeper fulvous, the

costal edge brown ; a slightly waved antemedial fulvous line,

oblique from costa to submedian fold; a slight discoidal

lunule; postmedial line minutely waved, excurved from costa

to vein 2, then retracted to below angle of cell and rather

oblique to inner margin; a fine terminal dark line; cilia

brown at base, ochreous white at tips. Hind wing rather

paler except terminal area; faint traces of a postmedial line

between veins 5 and 2; the termen narrowly brown and the

cilia brown at base from apex to vein 2, the rest of cilia

ochreous white. Underside with the costal area of fore

wing and the hind wing whitish.

Hab. Barcuian (Doherty), 1 3 type. Exp. 24 mm.

(90 a) Pionea teinopalpia, sp. n.

Palpi about three times length of head.

do. Head and thorax ochreous yellow; palpi and frons at

sides red-brown ; tegule and patagia tinged with rufous on

outer edge; pectus and legs white, the fore legs brown in

front; abdomen white, dorsally suffused with reddish

ochreous. Fore wing ochreous yellow, the costal half of

wing suffused with red-brown, the terminal area with rufous,

the medial inner area irrorated with brown; traces of a very

oblique antemedial brown line from costa to origin of vein 2,

then an inwardly oblique series of three small black spots

between the cell and vein 1 ; a brownish fascia on extremity

of median nervure and vein 4 to the postmedial line, which is

represented by a series of blackish points, excurved below

costa, then oblique and angled inwards on vein 2; cilia

brownish, with a dark line at middle. Hind wing white,

with a faint ochreous tinge, especially on apical area ; the

termen with minute rufous points from apex to vein 2; the

underside with the costal area tinged with ochreous, a curved

brown postmedial line with dark points at the veins from

costa to vein 2,

Hab. Peru, Oconeque (Ockenden), 1 g type. Eup.

34 mm,

(905) Pionea melastictalis, sp. n.

¢. Head and thorax pale yellow suffused in parts with

red-brown ; palpi red-brown, white at base; pectus and

mid and hind legs white; fore legs brown; abdomen pale

yellow, dorsally slightly tinged with brown, Fore wing pale

yellow, the veins and costal edge streaked with red-brown ;

Species of Pyralide. 19

antemedial line formed of short dark streaks from subcostal

nervure to submedian fold, where it is angled, then oblique

to inner margin; a streak in end of cell ; a discoidal lunule

conjoined by the almost confluent streaks on bases of veins 5

to 3 with the postmedial line, which is formed of short

somewhat dentate black streaks, excurved from costa to

vein 5, then very oblique, and ending in a curved brown

streak below vein 1 to the antemedial line; a highly dentate

brown subterminal line angled inwards at discal and sub-

median folds, at former to the postmedial line, the area beyond

it brown except at apex; cilia brown, with a yellowish line

at base. Hind wing semihyaline white, with curved post-

medial series of slight fuscous spots in the interspaces from

costa to vein 2, the underside with the costal area irrorated

with brown, a dark spot in upper angle of cell, the post-

medial series more prominent, a terminal series of black

points from apex to vein 2.

Hab. Perv, Huancabamba,1 ¢g type. Lp. 32 mm.

(103 a) Pionea subcostalis, sp. u.

g¢. Head and front of thorax cupreous brown, the hinder

part of thorax pale yellow; palpi white at base; antenne

with the shaft white above towards tips; pectus and legs

white ; abdomen cupreous brown, the ventral surface white.

Fore wing pale yellow, with a broad cupreous brown fascia

below costa, which is white, and a cupreous brown subter-

minal shade; a slight brown antemedial line from cell to

inner margin; a brown discoidal spot on the subcostal

fascia ; a slight brown postmedial line, excurved between

veins 5 and 2. Hind wing pale yellow; a small brown

discoidal spot and slight postmedial line excurved between

veins 5 and 2.

Hab. Perv, Pozuzo,1 g type. Hap. 24 mm.

(104c) Pionea erythrialis, sp. u.

gd. Yellow; head and thorax entirely suffused with deep

red-brown; abdomen irrorated with rufous. Fore wing

suffused with red-brown at base, on costal area to the post-

medial line, and beyond the antemedial line, which is oblique

from costa to below the cell and angled inwards on vein | ;

a point in middle of cell and discoidal spot; the postmediai

line very minutely dentate, curved from costa to vein 3, then

inwardly oblique; a diffused subterminal dentate band.

20 Sir G, F. Hampson on new

Hind wing clear yellow, with slight fuscous subterminal line

from costa to submedian fold.

9. Head, thorax, abdomen, and fore wing entirely

suffused with dull pink.

Hab. Nicerta, Warri (Roth), Dogo (Simpson), 1 3g type,

Zungeru (Macfie), 1 9 ; Br. C. Arrica, Fort Johnston

(Rendall),1 ¢, Blantyre ; Narat, Durban (Leigh),1 3,19.

Exp., 24, 2? 30 mm.

(114a) Pionea poliochroa, sp. 0.

9. Head and thorax white tinged with pale red-brown ;

abdomen white. Fore wing white tinged and irrorated with

pale red-brown ; antemedial line hardly traceable except as

a dark striga on inner area; traces of a quadrate brown spot

in middle of cell and a rather more distinct elliptical discoidal

spot; postmedial indistinct, dark, excurved from costa to

vein 4, then oblique; traces of a dark subterminal shade ;

some minute dark points on termen except towards tornus.

Hind wing white slightly irrorated with brown ; a dark point

at lower angle of cell; postmedial line slight, dark, minutely

waved, excurved between veins 5 and 2; a series of obscure

dark streaks in the interspaces of terminal area; some minute

black points on apical part of termen.

Hab. Sannwicu Is., Oahu, Waialua (Perkins), 1 9 type.

Exp. 20 mm.

(121 a) Pionea piperitalis, sp. n.

@. Head and thorax yellow-brown mixed with whitish ;

palpi blackish at tips; abdomen white, the ventral surface

slightly irrorated with fuscous, the anal tuft tinged with

ochreous. Fore wing whitish thickly irrorated with fuscous,

the costal area ochreous to beyond middle; the terminal

area suffused and irrorated with fuscous, the apex and termen

tinged with ochreous; an indistinct, diffused, curved, ante-

medial dark line defined on inner side by a whitish band

except towards costa ; a small quadrate white spot in upper

angle of cell, with slight black striga on its inner edge and

small lunule on outer; a diffused dark postmedial line,

oblique and sinuous below vein 4, defined on outer side by a

whitish band from vein 4 to inner margin ; a terminal series

of blackish points. Hind wing white, with rather narrow,

diffused, brownish terminal band except towards tornus,

irrorated with fuscous; a terminal series of blackish points

except towards tornus; cilia brownish at base, whitish at

tips; the underside with black point at upper angle of cell

Species of Pyralide. 21

and small diffused blackish postmedial spots at costa, discal

fold, and towards inner margin.

Hab. Br. BK. Arrica, Udimu (Betton), 1 3 type. Exp.

26 mm.

(127 a) Pionea phealis, sp. n.

3. Dark reddish brown mixed with fuscous; palpi

blackish, white below at base. Fore wing with small ante-

medial black spots below cell and on inner margin; a bi-

sinuate discoidal black line defined by pale brownish on

outer side; a small patch of blackish suffusion beyond lower

angle of cell; postmedial line black, slightly excurved below

costa, incurved at discal fold, excurved to vein 2, then re-

tracted to below end of cell and again slightly ecxcurved ;

a black terminal line; cilia with a strigiform black line at

middle and blackish tips. Hind wing more fuscous brown,

with terminal series of faint dark points; cilia paler, with

blackish line near base ; the underside with traces of diffused

dark postmedial line on costal area.

Hab. Br. EK. Arrica, Kirbehs (Betton), 1 g type. Lap.

20 mm.

(130) Pionea secticostalis, sp. n.

2. Head, thorax, and abdomen cupreous brown; frons

white at sides ; palpi at base, pectus, legs, and ventral surface

of abdomen white. Fore wing cupreous brown ; traces of

an oblique sinuous antemedial line, with a small white spot

beyond it below costa; an indistinct dark discoidal lunule

with small white spot in centre; the terminal third of costa

with four short white streaks alternating with short black

streaks ; an indistinct postmedial line excurved from costa

to vein 4, then incurved; some slight black points on apical

half of costa. Hind wing pale cupreous brown, with traces

of a curved postmedial line and fine terminal line ; the under-

side grey-brown, with two obliquely placed discoidal points,

a highly curved punctiform postmedial line, and terminal

series of black points or strie.

Hab. Paracuay, Sapucay (Foster), 2 2 type. zp.

18 mm.

(128 a) Pionea monospila, sp. u.

¢. Head, thorax, and abdomen cupreous brown mixed

with some grey ; pectus and ventral surface of abdomen

whitish; tarsi ringed with white. Fore wing cupreous

22 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

brown irrorated with a few white scales ; a postmedial white

spot on costa. Hind wing cupreous brown.

Hab. Braz, Petropolis (Doer), 1 2 type. Eap. 14 mm.

(140 a) Pionea leucozonea, sp. n.

S$. Head and thorax white mixed with bronze-brown ;

abdomen white dorsally tinged with brown, leaving white

segmental lines ; pectus and legs white. Fore wing whitish

suffused with bronze-brown and irrorated with blackish; a

pure white antemedial band narrowing to costa; a quadrate

white patch in end of cell confluent with a patch above it on

costa, a small semicircular blackish mark before it in middle

of cell, and a blackish discoidal lunule with white centre;

a white spot on costa beyond the cell ; a white postmedial

band, narrowing and sinuous between veins 6 and 2, then

retracted to lower angle of cell and forming an oblique white

band to inner margin ; a terminal series of small dark spots.

Hind wing white tinged with bronze-brown except on costal

area to beyond middle ; a dark discoidal point ; a brown

postmedial line defined on outer side by whitish, bent out-

wards between veins 5 and 2; a terminal series of dark

points ; the underside white, a blackish point in middle of

cell and small discoidal lunule, the postmedial line with some

blackish points on it, the terminal points black.

Hab. Sannwicu Is., Hawaii, Kilauea (Perkins), 1 3 type.

Kap. 16 mm,

(8) Paratalanta griseicinctalis, sp. u.

Mid tibia of male without fold and tuft, hind tibia with

the inner medial spur minute; fore wing without costal

fold ; hind wing with the termen evenly curved.

3. Head and thorax brown mixed with whitish; palpi

white below; pectus and legs whitish; abdomen white

dorsally tinged with brown. Fore wing whitish suffused

with cupreous brown, leaving the terminal area white; an

indistinct brown antemedial line oblique from costa to below

the cell; a brown spot in middle of cell and discoidal spot with

whitish centre ; an indistinct postmedial line excurved from

costa to vein 2, then bent inwards to below end of cell and

erect to inner margin, closely approximated at middle to the

indistinct subterminal line, which is rather maculate towards

costa. Hind wing semihyaline whitish, the disk tinged with

cupreous brown, the terminal area whiter; a slight dark

discoidal bar; postmedial line bent outwards between veins 5

Species of Pyralide. 23

and 2, then retracted to below angle of cell and oblique to

above inner margin; a subterminal line slightly excurved

between veins 5 and 2,

Hab. Bauamas (Bonhote), 2 g type. Exp. 32 mm.

(46) Pyrausta glaucoleuca, sp. n.

Fore coxe of male with tuft of long fuscous scales below,

the femora with tuft of long fulvous hair above ; abdomen

with ventral fan of scales on penultimate segment.

3. Head, thorax, and abdomen grey-brown, the vertex of

head whitish; palpi dark brown, white below ; pectus, legs,

and ventral surface of abdomen white slightly tinged with

rufous. Fore wing silky grey-brown ; a faint, dark, minutely

waved postmedial line, eied below costa and at middle,

retracted below vein 2; cilia with a fine yellowish line at

base, blackish at middle and with white tips. Hind wing

pure white, with a fine brown terminal line.

Hab. 8.E, Peru, La Oroya (Ockenden), 2 g type. Eup.

26 mm.

(8a) Pyrausta albicostalis, sp. n.

6. Head and thorax yellow; palpi fulvous, white at base;

sides of frons with white lines ; shoulders fulvous ; pectus

and legs white, the fore femora and tibize and mid femora

fulvous ; abdomen white. Fore wing yellow, the costal area

fulvous, with the costal edge white, the veins deeper yellow ;

traces of a curved yellow antemedial line and of a postmedial

line excurved from costa to vein 5, then oblique; cilia

whitish. Hind wing white, with fine yellowish terminal

line.

Hab. Brazit, Organ Mts., Tijuca (Wagner), 1 3 type.

Exp, 28 mm.

(12 a) Pyrausta perflavalis, sp. n.

6. Head and thorax bright yellow ; palpi fulvous, white

below; frons with fine lateral white streaks ; pectus and legs

white, the fore tibiz yellow in front ; abdomen white, dorsally

suffused with yellow. Fore wing bright yellow, the costal

edge narrowly brown ; an indistinct orange antemedial line,

oblique from costa to submedian fold; aslight discoidal bar ;

postmedial line indistinct, excurved from costa to vein 2,

then retracted to lower angle of cell; cilia brown, white at

tips. Hind wing rather paler yellow except towards termen ;

cilia brown from apex to vein 2.

24 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

Hab. Frreusson I. (Meek), 1 3 type; QurENnsianp, Mt.

Tambourine, 1 ¢. Exp. 24 mm.

(16 a) Pyrausta atricinctalis, sp. n.

?. Golden yellow; palpi blackish at tips; maxillary palpi

black at tips. Fore wing with round black discoidal spot ;

a narrow biack terminal band, rather broader and diffused

on inner side towards apex; cilia black. Hind wing with

narrow black terminal band and the cilia black from apex to

vein 2.

Hab. Masuonauanp (Dobbie), 1 2 type. Hap. 26 mm.

(20a) Pyrausta pervulgalis, sp. u.

Head and thorax ochreous slightly tinged with rufous ;

palpi and sides of frons rufous, the former white at base;

fore legs rufous; abdomen ochreous white. Fore wing

ochreous, the costal area slightly tinged with rufous ; an

indistinct oblique sinuous antemedial line; a faint dark spot

in middle of cell and discoidal bar; postmedial line in-

distinct, dark, excurved and minutely dentate from vein 6

to 3, then retracted to below end of cell and sinuous to inner

margin ; a terminal series of slight dark striz. Hind wing

ochreous white; an indistinct brownish postmedial lie,

excurved and minutely waved between veins 5 and 2, then

obsolete ; traces of a somewhat diffused subterminal line

from costa to vein 2 and of a fine terminal line.

Hab. Jaran, Satsuma (Leech), 2 3 type, Nagasaki (Leech),

1 9; C. Cuina, Ningpo, 1 ?, Foochow (Leech), 13,12,

Kiukiang (Pratt), 1 §; W. Cuina, Chang-yang (Pratt),

1 ¢. zp. 26-30 mm.

(30a) Pyrausta thermicruralis, sp. n.

Bright straw-yellow ; palpi rufous, white below; sides of

frons and shoulders tinged with rufous; pectus and legs

white, the femora rufous, fore tibiz rufous at extremities,

the mid tibiz rufous above. Fore wing with the costal area

slightly tinged with rufous; a slightly sinuous antemedial

rufous line bent inwards to costa ; a discoidal lunule ; post-

medial line arising from below costa, excurved and minutely

waved to vein 3, on which is an oblique streak connecting it

with lower angle of cell, then bent inwards to below angle of

cell and erect to Inner margin ; a rufous terminal line and

the cilia rufous. Hind wing with slight oblique postmedial

Species of Pyralide. 25

line between veins 5 and 2 ; a terminal rufous line and the

cilia rufous from apex to vein 2.

- Hab. Paraauay, Sapucay (Fuster), 4 ¢,1 2 type. Hap.

382-36 mm.

(31 a) Pyrausta straminea, sp. un.

Epicorsia butyrosa, Druce, Biol. Centr.-Am., Het. ii. p. 212 (part.),

nec Guen,

$. Head, thorax, and abdomen ochreous faintly tinged

with rufous ; palpi white at base ; mid tibize white in front.

Fore wing ochreous, the costal area faintly tinged with

rufous towards base ; antemedial line indistinct, oblique to

submedian fold and incurved above inner margin; a slight

discoidal striga ; postmedial line indistinct, minutely waved,

excurved to vein 2, then retracted to below end of cell and

again excurved. Hind wing ochreous ; an indistinct post-

medial line, oblique and slightly waved to vein 2, then

retracted to lower angle of cell and oblique to above tornus ;

a brownish terminal line,

Hab. Mexico, Presidio (Forrer), 1 ¢ type, Godman-Salvin

Coll. Hap. 34 mm. .

(816) Pyrausta furvalis, sp. n.

9. Head, thorax, and abdomen fulvous red ; palpi white

below; fore coxe in front, mid tibiz at sides, and the tarsi

white ; pectus and ventral surface of abdomen brown. Fore

wing fulvous red; an indistinct dark antemedial line, oblique

to submedian fold and incurved above inner margin ; a faint

dark point in middle of cell and discoidal lunule; postmedial

line indistinct, dark, excurved and waved from below costa

to vein 3, then retracted to below end of cell; cilia brown.

Hind wing orange-red ; a very indistinct curved postmedial

line between veins 5 and 2; cilia brownish.

Hab. W.Coxtomsia, Jiminez, 1 2 type. Lzp. 32 mm.

(32 a) Pyrausta holowuthalis, sp. un.

3S. Deep straw-yellow ; head and tegule tinged with

orange; palpi fulvous, white below; tibiz and tarsi whitish.

Fore wing with the costal area tinged with orange towards

base. Hind wing with the cilia whitish. Underside of fore

wing with the costal area tinged with fuscous, traces of a

pale curved postmedial line ; hind wing faintly tinged with

fuscous, traces of a pale postmedial band.

Hab. C. Cuina, Ichang (Mrs. Pratt), 1 g type. xp.

30 mm.

26 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

(34 a) Pyrausta hemaproctis, sp. u.

go. Head and tegule pale brown; thorax grey; palpi

dark brown above, white below; pectus white; legs white

tinged with brown, the fore tibiz with brown band at extre-

mity ; abdomen pale brown, the anal tuft crimson, the ventral

surface white. Fore wing pale grey-brown, the lower part of

cell and the area below it to submedian fold white ; a minute

dark discoidal lunule; postmedial line indistinct, dark, ex-

curved to vein 4, then oblique ; cilia with a fine whitish line

at base and whitish tips. Hind wing pale grey-brown, the

basal and inner areas whitish; traces of a dark postmedial

line from costa to vein 4; cilia with a fine white line at base

and whitish tips ; the underside whitish, with the postmedial

line more distinct.

Hab. 8.E. Perv, La Oroya (Ockenden),1 g type. Hep.

28 mm.

(35 a) Pyrausta melanocera, sp. n.

Fore wing with slight subbasal fovea in cell.

6. Head, thorax, and abdomen ochreous yellow ; antennz

black except basal joint. Fore wing ochreous yellow, the

costal edge brownish. Hind wing pale ochreous yellow.

Hab. N. Nigeria, Minna (Macfie), 1 g type. Exp.

20 mm.

(37 a) Pyrausta metaleuca, sp. un.

do. Head, thorax, and abdomen pale brown ; legs streaked

whitish and brown; abdomen with the ventral surface

whitish. Fore wing pale reddish brown ; traces of a curved

dark antemedial line; a slight dark spot in upper part of

cell towards extremity and discoidal lunule; traces of a dark

postmedial line excurved from below costa to vein 4, then

oblique ; a fine pale line at base of cilia. Hind wing white,

the costa and termen with a faint brownish tinge ; a terminal

series of black striz from apex to vein 1; the underside

white faintly tinged with brown, a dark discoidal point, a

postmedial punctiform line slightly excurved below discal

fold, a terminal series of black points.

Hab. Germ. E. Arrica, Kiliman’jaro ({yéstedt), 1 3 type.

Exp. 30 mm.

(43 a) Pyrausta achroalis, sp. nu.

2. Head, thorax, and abdomen white faintly tinged with

rufous ; sides of palpi and frons rufous; fore tibiz with

brown band at extremity. Fore wing white faintly tinged

Species of Pyralidee. 27

with rufous ; traces of an oblique dark antemedial line ;

a black point in upper part of middle of cell and a discoidal

bar ; postmedial line very indistinct, dark, excuryed from

vein 6 to 2, then bent inwards to below end of cell; the

termen rufous, with a series of dark points onit. Hind wing

white faintly tinged with rufous; an oblique black discoidal

bar ; traces of a dark postmedial line excurved from vein 6

to 2, then bent inwards to near lower angle of cell and

obliquely excurved to inner margin ; a fine rufous terminal

line.

Hab. Jamaica, Runaway Bay (Walsingham), 1 9? type;

Cusa, Santiago (Schaus),1 9. Hap. 22 mm.

(61a) Pyrausta phenizonalis, sp. nu.

Head and thorax ochreous yellow; palpi rufous, white

below ; throat white ; fore tibiz white, tinged with fuscous

at extremity; abdomen ochreous. Fore wing ochreous

yellow, the base and costal area to beyond middle tinged

with rufous ; an antemedial brown line, oblique from costa

to submedian fold, then incurved ; a small spot in middle of

cell; alunulate discoidal spot with yellow lunule in middle ;

a brown lunule beyond the cell with the postmedial line

arising from it, faint and excurved to vein 2, then retracted to

median nervure, strong and slightly incurved from near origin

of vein 2 to inner margin ; a broad purplish-grey terminal

band with dark brown inner edge, angled outwards below

costa and inwards in discal fold, then excurved to vein 2,

where it expands inwards to the angle of postmedial line ;

cilia pale yellow. Hind wing ochreous yellow; a small

black discoidal spot ; a brown postmedial line bent outwards

between veins 5 and 2, then retracted to below angle of cell,

and slightly excurved to inner margin ; a broad purplish-

grey terminal band with dark brown inner edge, angled

inwards at discal fold, then minutely waved, and expanding

inwards at vein 2; cilia pale yellow.

Hab. Javan, Hakodaté (Leech), 1 $,1 9 type. zp.

26 mm.

(73a) Pyrausta rufitincta, sp. n.

3S. Head and thorax ochreous tinged with rufous; palpi

rufous, white at base ; pectus and legs white, the fore tibiz

with rufous band at extremity ; abdomen white dorsally

faintly tinged with rufous. Fore wing ochreous tinged with

rufous; a slight rufous discoidal lunule; postmedial line

rufous, minutely waved, excurved from below costa to vein 2,

28 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

then bent inwards ; a punctiform rufous terminal line; cilia

with a rufous line at middle and white tips. Hind wing

ochreous white.

Hab, Transvaat, White R. (Cooke), 1 3 type. LEzp.

24 mm.

(75 a) Pyrausta arenicola, sp. un.

Head and thorax ochreous, the frons whitish ; palpi white

at base ; pectus and legs white, the tibiz and tarsi tinged with

ochreous, the tarsi with brownish bands ; abdomen white

tinged withochreous. Fore wing ochreous tinged with fulvous ;

a brownish antemedial line, somewhat oblique from costa to

median nervure; a faint dark discoidal lunule; postmedial

line brown, excurved from costa to vein 2, then bent inwards

to near origin of vein 2, where there is a dark point, then

again bent outwards and with a dark point above inner

margin ; cilia whitish at tips. Hind wimg pale ochreous

tinged with fulvous towards termen ; cilia whitish at tips.

Hab. Auceria, Biskra (Walsingham), 3 8 type. Exp.

18 mm.

(92a) Pyrausta brachypteralis, sp. n.

&. Head and thorax rufous; palpi below and throat

white ; mid and hind tibie and tarsi white, the fore tibiz

white, with rufous band near extremity ; abdomen pale

rufous. Fore wing pale rufous; a slight dark discoidal

lunule ; a postmedial series of fuscous points excurved

between veius 6 and 4, then very oblique; a fine terminal

rufous line; cilia rufous at base, whitish at tips. Hind

wing short and rounded, yellowish tinged with rufous, the

termen and base of cilia deeper rufous from apex to vein 2.

Hab. Paracuay, Sapucay (Foster), 2 g type. ap.

26 mm.

(92b) Pyrausta sabulosa, sp. n.

o. Head, thorax, and abdomen ochreous tinged with

rufous ; palpi white at base ; antenne with long cilia, the

shaft with dark rings. Fore wing ochreous tinged with

rufous and irrorated with rather large brown scales ; a slight

dark discoidal bar; postmedial line indistinct, dark, ex-

curved between veins 5 and 2, then bent inwards to near

origin of vein 2 and again slightly excurved ; a series of

black points just before termen; cilia with a brown line near

base. Hind wing pale ochreous slightly irrorated with

brown ; an indistinct dark postmedial line excurved between

veius 5 and 2, then bent inwards to below end of cell, and

Species of Pyralide. 25

oblique to inner margin; a terminal series of dark striz ;

the underside paler, a “dark discoidal point, the postmedial

line distinct, a terminal series of black poiuts from apex to

submedian fold.

Hab. Mexico, Las Vigas (Schaus), 1 3 type. Hap.

26 mm.

(95a) Pyrausta costimacula, sp. un.

d. Head blackish, the palpi at base and sides of frons

white; thorax rufous, the dorsum and dorsal edge of tegulee

blackish ; pectus and legs whitish tinged with rufous, the

fore tibiz rufous, the tarsi black ringed with white ; abdo-

men fuscous brown, the anal tuft rufous, the ventral surface

whitish tinged with rufous. Fore wing rufous; a small

black spot at base of costa; an antemedial black spot in cell

and double points at vein 1 and above inner margin ; asmall

black discoidal lunule ; postmedial line blackish, with promi-

nent black spot at costa, excurved to vein 4 towards termen,

then oblique; cilia brown, white towards tornus. Hind

wing whitish tinged with ochreous brown ; slight blackish

marks on termen “at veins 7, 6.

Hab. N.E. Perv, Huancabamba, | a ty pe, El Porvenir,

1¢. Ezp. 32 mm.

(97 a) Pyrausta rubrifusa, sp. n.

Q. Head and thorax ochreous suffused with red ; palpi at

base, pectus, legs, and abdomen ochreous. Fore wing

ochreous suffused with blood-red ; a faint dark antemedial

line, oblique to vein 1; a blood-red spot in middle of cell

and ee bar ; ; postmedial line faint, dark, excurved to

vein 2, then bent upwards to lower angle of cell and slightly

excurved below submedian fold ; a faint curved subterminal

shade. Hind wing ochreous yellow, with a faint dark sub-

terminal line.

Hab, Jamaica (Kaye), 2 9 type. Exp. 28 mm.

(103 a) Pyrausta gazalis, sp. n.

Q. Pale straw-yellow ; palpi black at tips; fore tibiz

banded with black at extremities. Fore wing with the basal

half of costal area suffused with fuscous ; a strong, erect,

straight antemedial line; a discoidal lunule conjoined to the

dark “costal area ; ; postmedial line strong, straight from costa

to vein 5, excurved to vein 2, then straight to inner margin ;

a fine black terminal line ; ‘cilia fuscous, with a black line

30 Sir G. F,. Hampson on new

near base. Hind wing with fuscous discoidal point ; post-

medial line strong, bent outwards between veins 5 and 2,

then retracted to below angle of cell and oblique to inner

margin near tornus ; a fine black terminal line ; cilia with a

blackish line near base. the tips tinged with fuscous except

towards tornus,

Hab. Gazatanp, Chirinda Forest (Marshall), 1 2 type.

Exp. 30 mm.

(107 6) Pyrausta pheopastalis, sp. n.

2. Head yellow ; palpirufous, white at base ; thorax pale

yellow-brown; pectus and legs whitish; abdomen pale

fuscous brown, with slight whitish segmental rings, the anal

tuft yellow. Fore wing pale yellowish thickly suffused and

irrorated with fuscous brown, leaving the costa towards apex

and termen yellower ; a faint dark spot in end of cell and

discoidal lunule; traces of a dark diffused postmedial line,

more distinct towards costa, oblique from costa to vein 4,

then inwardly oblique; a terminal series of slight dark

striz; cilia yellow. Hind wing greyish ochreous suffused

with fuscous brown; a slight dark terminal line; cilia

yellow; the underside paler, with traces of a curved post-

medial line.

Hab. Br. E. Arrica, Nairobi (Crawshay),1 2 type. Exp.

26 mm,

(126a) Pyrausta albogrisea, sp. n.

@. Head, thorax, and abdomen grey-white mixed with

dark brown, the pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen

whiter. Fore wing dark brown irrorated with grey-white ;

traces of a dark antemedial line defined on outer side by

whitish ; a dark point in middle of cell and discoidal bar ;

postmedial line very indistinct, dark, excurved from below

costa to. vein 3, then incurved and with yellowish spot at

submedian fold ; a fine white line at base of cilia. Hind

wing white slightly irrorated with brown; a slight curved

postmedial line; a blackish terminal line, expanding into

small spots at the veins ; cilia dark at tips; the underside

with small black discoidal lunule.

Hab. W. Coxtomsra, San Antonio (Palmer), 1 2 type.

Eup. 24 mm,

(142 a) Pyrausta sanguifusalis, sp. n.

3. Head, thorax, and abdomen deep ochreous yellow, the

head and thorax suffused with blood-red ; sides of frons with

Species of Pyralide. 31

white streaks ; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen

yellowish white. Fore wing ochreous yellow, the costal area

broadly suffused with dull blood-red to beyond middle ;

broad, almost confluent, diffused, red basal antemedial and

postmedial bands, the two latter confluent below the cell;

a broad terminal red band with diffused inner edge almost

confluent with the postmedial band; cilia yellow. Hind

wing white tinged with yellow.

Hab. Br. E. Arrica, Tana R. (Crawshay), 1 3 type.

Ezp. 16 mm,

(144.a) Pyrausta hematidalis, sp. 0.

3. Deep ochreous yellow ; head and thorax partly suffused

with blood-red ; palpi fulvous, whitish below. Fore wing

with the costal area deep blood-red to the postmedial line ;

three subbasal red spots, almost forming a maculate band;

grey spots edged with blood-red at middle of cell and on

discocellulars; a V-shaped medial grey band edged with blood-

red, the inner arm arising from a spot at middle of cell, the

outer arm from beyond the discoidal spot, the two confluent

below the cell and expanding in submedian fold, the post-

medial line forming the outer edge of this band and continued

to the costal fascia as an obsolescent red line slightly bent

outwards below costa ; a subterminal grey band defined by

waved red lines, its inner edge angled inwards below the costa

and at discal and submedian folds ; a narrow red terminal

band with points on its inner edge; cilia yellowish white,

with brown medial line. Hind wing with indistinct diffused

brownish patches at lower angle of cell and on inner area; a

brown terminal band with diffused inner edge, leaving some

yellow on termen; cilia yellow, with brownish tips; the

underside with the costal area broadly suffused with brown

to beyond middle and conjoined to the patch at lower angle

of cell.

9. Hind wing wholly suffused with fuscous brown, leaving

the costal area yellowish to beyond middle.

Hab. Br. E. Arrica, Machakos (Crawshay), 1 3 type,

Stoney R. (Crawshay),1 9. Exp. 16 mm.

(1446) Pyrausta hematidea, sp. n.

¢. Head, thorax, and abdomen purplish red mixed with

yellowish ; palpi white at base; pectus and legs whitish, the

fore tibize banded white and brown; abdomen with white

patch on anal tuft above, the ventral surface white. Fore

32 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

wing purplish red suffused with leaden grey, the costa and

termen yellow ; a curved yellow antemedial band defined at

sides by red; a blackish discoidal lunule; a yellow post-

medial band defined at sides by red, incurved at discal fold,

at vein 8 bent upwards to lower angle of cell, then again

excurved ; cilia yellow slightly tinged with red. Hind wing

purplish red suffused with leaden grey, the costal area

yellowish to beyond middle; a postmedial yellow band

defined at sides by red, oblique to vein 2, where it is almost

confluent with a terminal spot in submedian fold, then re-

tracted to below angle of cell, and forming a wedge-shaped

patch on inner area; cilia yellow slightly tinged with red,

Hab. Germ. E. Arrica, Ruaha :: "(Neave), 2 3 type.

Eexp. 14 mm.

(145 a) Pyrausta flavidiscata, sp. n.

Syllythria panopealis, Druce, Biol. Centr.-Am., Het, ii. p. 207 (part.),

nec W1k.

6. Head and thorax yellow mixed with rufous ; pectus

and legs white tinged with ochreous ; abdomen yellow tinged

with brown and with some red near extremity, the ventral

surface white. Fore wing yellow, the costal area rufous,

the antemedial and postmedial areas suffused with brown,

leaving a triangular yellow patch on medial area from sub-

costal nervure to vein 1, the terminal area tinged with rufous;

antemedial line dark, bent outwards below costa, then oblique;

a dark discoidal striga ; postmedial line dark, oblique towards

costa, then obliquely incurved, excurved between veins 5 and

3, then bent inwards to below end of cell, and erect to inner

margin; an indistinct, diffused, sinuous subterminal shade.

Hind wing yellow; an obliquely curved dark postmedial

line from discal fold to tornus, with rufous suffusion before

it; the apical area suffused with brown; the underside

yellow, a blackish discoidal point, postmedial line blackish,

excurved between discal fold and vein 2.

Hab. Guatemata, Zapote (Champion), 1 % type; Panama,

Chiriqui (Champion), 4 3, Godman-Salvin Coll. Hap. 14-

16 mm.

(146 a) Pyrausta favibrunnea, sp. n.

Syllythria phenicealis, Druce, Biol. Centr.-Am., Het. ii. p. 208 (part.),

nec Hiibn.

Head, thorax, and abdomen yellow mixed with brown, the —

last with yellow segmental lines; palpi white below towards

Species of Pyralide. 33

base ; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen white,

the fore legs brown in front. Fore wing yellow tinged with

rufous, especially on costal and terminal areas, irrorated and

in parts suffused with brown; antemedial line brown,

sinuous ; a small dark spot in upper part of middle of cell

and a discoidal lunule with some brown suffusion beyond it ;

postmedial line brown, defined on outer side by yellow

forming patches below costa and towards inner margin,

excurved and minutely dentate from vein 6 to 2, then bent

inwards to below end of cell, and angled outwards at vein 1 ;

an indistinct, minutely dentate, brownish subterminal line,

with brownish suffusion beyond it; a terminal series of

minute dark lunules ; cilia with a series of brown points near

base and brownish tips. Hind wing yellow tinged with

brown except on costal area to the postmedial line, which is

brown and oblique from just below costa to termen at sub-

median fold ; the terminal area suffused with brown, nar-

rowing to a point at submedian fold; the termen with a

series of minute dark lunules and the cilia with a series of

brown striz near base from apex to vein 2; the underside

with dark discoidal lunule, postmedial minutely waved line,

excurved from vein 5 to 2, where it terminates, and sub-

terminal shade from costa to vein 2.

Hab. Mexico, Cuernavaca, Morelos (H. H. Smith), 2 2

type, Godman-Salvin Coll. Hap. 22 mm.

(150 a) Pyrausta perfervidalis, sp. n.

9. Head, thorax, and abdomen fulvous yellow suffused

with fiery red; palpt fuscous, white below; frons brown,

with fine lateral white streaks; pectus, legs, and ventral

surface of abdomen whitish. Fore wing fulvous irrorated

with fiery red, the costal and terminal areas broadly suffused

with fiery red-brown ; a diffused curved red antemedial line ;

a diffused fiery-red discoidal patch with whitish point in

centre ; postmedial line slightly excurved between veins 5

and 2; a black terminal line; cilia blackish at base, white

at tips. Hind wing fulvous red, the terminal area broadly

red-brown ; an oblique blackish discoidal bar, with oblique

line from it to inner margin; an oblique postmedial line

from costa to the terminal band at vein 2, slightly bent out-

wards at vein 5 ; a fine black terminal line ; cilia blackish at

base, white at tips.

Hab. Br. E. Arnica, Nairobi plains (Crawshay), 1 ¢ type.

Exp. 18 mm.

Ann. & May. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xu. 3

34 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

(1506) Pyrausta prostygialis, sp. n.

¢. Head, thorax, and abdomen orange-yellow; palpi

dark brown, white below towards base; frons with white

streaks at sides; antennz fuscous; throat white; pectus

brown in front ; ventral surface of abdomen pale yellow.

Fore wing yellow tinged with fiery red, especially on terminal

area, the costal area suffused with fuscous to the postmedial

line ; antemedial line dark, angled outwards in submedian

fold ; a dark discoidal lunule ; postmedial line dark, sinuous

to vein 2, then bent inwards and obsolescent to below end of

cell, and again excurved ; a black terminal line ; cilia white,

with a strong black line near base. Hind wing yellow

slightly tinged with red; a blackish discoidal bar; post-

medial line blackish, somewhat oblique to vein 2, then bent

inwards and obsolescent to lower angle of cell and sinuous

to inner margin; a black terminal line except towards

tornus ; cilia white, with a strong blackish line near base

except towards tornus; the underside with the postmedial

line incurved at discal fold.

Hab. Transvaat, White R. (Cooke), 1 3 type. Hap.

14 mm.

(15la) Pyrausta metachrysalis, sp. 0.

3. Head, thorax, and abdomen olive suffused with

fuscous ; palpi white at base ; tarsi white ; abdomen at sides

and below yellowish. Fore wing olive suffused with pale

rufous ; an oblique antemedial series of indistinct rufous

spots ; a slight spot at middle of cell and faint discoidal

lunule; a deep rufous rather diffused postmedial line, ex-

curved from costa to vein 4, then incurved, defined on outer

side hy a yellow band. Hind wing deep orange. Underside

of fore wing orange, with diffused red postmedial band from

costa to vein 4 and diffused subterminal band ; hind wing

with diffused red subterminal line from costa to vein 2, the

termen and cilia tinged with red.

Hab. Cuitt, Chillan (Elwes), 2 3 type. Kxp. 26 mm.

Subsp.— ¢. Fore wing with the suffusion and markings

rather darker.

¢. Fore wing suffused with deep chocolate-brown to the

postmedial line.

Hab. Pataconia, Chubut, Valle Lago Blanco, 1 g,5 @.

Ezp. 20 mm.

ot)

Species of Pyralide.

(165 a) Pyrausta diatoma, sp. n.

6. Head, thorax, and abdomen fulvous yellow ; palpi

rufous, white below at base; pectus, legs, and ventral sur-

face of abdomen white. Fore wing yellow; the costal area

tinged with blood-red towards base ; an oblique diffused

blood-red line from costa beyond middle to middle of inner

margin; the termen tinged with blood-red. Hind wing

yellowish white; the underside with brownish postmedial

shade from costa to vein 3.

Hab. Natat, Estcourt (Hutchinson), 1 g type. Exp.

18 mm.

(170 a) Pyrausta rhodoxantha, sp. n.

Syllythria tyralis, Druce, Biol. Centr.-Am., Het. ii. p. 206 (part.), nec

Guen.

Head and thorax purplish pink mixed with yellowish ;

palpi white below ; pectus and legs yellowish tinged with

red-brown; abdomen yellowish dorsally suffused with

purplish red. Fore wing purplish pink ; some yellowish at

base of inner margin; a yellowish subbasal spot in sub-

median interspace and an oblique antemedial band from

middle of cell to inner margin; a quadrate discoidal spot

with some diffused yellowish from it to inner margin ;

a yellowish postmedial band, excurved to vein 4, then bent

inwards to near angle of cell, and erect to inner margin;

some slight yellow marks before termen ; a terminal brown

line from apex to vein 4; cilia brownish white. Hind wing

yellowish tinged with brown, the termen crimson from apex

to vein 2, on which there is a crimson streak, a brown band

before termen from apex to vein 4.

Hab. Mexico, Guadalajaro (Schaus), 1 3 type, Guerrero,

Amula (H. H. Smith), 1 2, Cuernavaca, Morelos (H. H.

Smith), 1 g, Yucatan, Temax (Gaumer), 1 ¢, Godman-Sal-

vin Coll. zp. 20 mm.

(173 a) Pyrausta tenuilinea, sp. n.

3. Head brown; thorax brown suffused with purplish

pink; pectus, legs, and abdomen whitish suffused with

brown. Fore wing purplish pink ; a curved yellowish ante-

medial line ; a brown discoidal striga ; postmedial line fine,

yellowish, excurved and slightly sinuous to vein 4, then re-

tracted to below end of cell and again excurved ; a terminal

series of minute dark points; cilia brown, Hind wing

36 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

whitish suffused with brown; some purplish pink on terminal

part of vein 2; a fine black terminal line ; cilia whitish.

Hab. W. Cotomsta, El Credo, 1 ¢ type. Hap. 14 mm.

(183 a) Pyrausta rubescentalis, sp. n.

Head and thorax yellowish suffused with dull red ; palpi

fulvous, white below; frons with lateral white streaks ;

abdomen ochreous dorsally suffused with fuscous ; pectus,

legs, and ventral surface of abdomen white. Fore wing dull

crimson more or less strongly suffused and irrorated with

fuscous ; the costa towards apex, termen, and cilia bright

yellow ; aslightly curved yellow antemedial line ; slight dark

spots at middle of cell and on discocellulars ; postmedial

line yellow, excurved and slightly waved from costa to

vein 3, then retracted to below end of cell and sinuous to

inner margin. Hind wing yellowish more or less strongly

suffused with fuscous, the termen reddish, the cilia yellow ;

traces of a curved yellowish postmedial line between veins 5

and 2; the underside with faint dark discoidal spot, the

postmedial line traceable throughout, excurved between

veins 5 and 2.

Hab. Paracuay, Sapucay (Foster), 1 ¢; ARGENTINA,

Florenzia, Gran Chaco (Wagner), 2 g type. Exp. 16 mm.

r (183d) Pyrausta rhodope, sp. n.

¢. Head and thorax yellow mixed with purplish red ;

palpi red, white at base, the third joint brown; pectus

and legs white, the fore and mid tibie and the tarsi banded

with red ; abdomen with the basal segments yellowish white,

the terminal segments red with a dorsal silvery-white spot

at base of anal segment, the ventral surface white. Fore

wing yellow, the costal area suffused with purplish red, some

purplish red on inner area near base; antemedial line

purplish red, oblique to submedian fold, then incurved; an

annulus in middle of cell and elliptical discoidal mark defined

by purplish red ; the outer part of medial area suffused with

purplish red to the postmedial line, which is oblique to discal

fold, then waved and incurved below vein 3, a curved band

of red suffusion beyond it from costa to termen at discal

fold; a terminal series of brown points; cilia purplish red.

Hind wing white, the terminal area suffused with brown,

broadly at costa, narrowing to tornus. Underside white,

the fore wing with reddish suffusion on costal half of

terminal area.

' Spectes of Pyralide. 37

Ab. 1. Fore wing uniformly suffused with purple-red, the

outer medial area somewhat darker.

9. Abdomen without the silvery-white spot on anal

segment ; fore wing nearly uniform pale red; hind wing

tinged with reddish except on basal area.

Hab. Cusa, Santiago (Schaus), 5 gd, 3 2 type. Earp.

24 mm.

(193 6) Pyrausta heliothidia, sp. n.

3. Head and thorax black-brown mixed with some

ochreous ; abdomen black-brown with slight ochreous seg-

mental lines ; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen

yellow irrorated with black. Fore wing grey-brown thickly

irrorated with black-brown. Hind wing yellow; a black

fascia in lower part of cell, with some greyish hair on it

from near base to just beyond the cell, and a similar fascia

above inner margin from near base to tornus ; a black sub-

terminal band diffused on apical half to the black terminal

line ; cilia blackish mixed with yellow. Underside ochreous

yellow ; fore’ wing with black spot in middle of cell and

discoidal bar.

Hab, Peru, Oroya, 1 ¢ type. “zp. 18 mm.

(21la) Pyrausta albescens, sp. 0.

2. Head, thorax, and abdomen black-brown mixed with

whitish, the pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen

with more white. Fore wing pale bronze-brown, the terminal

area whitish, some blackish sufiusion on basal inner area;

a black streak below extremity of cell and spot at upper

angle ; some slight black streaks beyond lower angle of cell ;

a black terminal line. Hind wing whitish, the inner area

suffused with brown: a blackish-brown postmedial band

between veins 6 and 2 and a subterminal band; a black

terminal line. Underside whitish suffused in parts with

brown ; fore wing with brown discoidal bar.

Hab, Peru, Oroya, 1 ¢ type. Hap. 18 mm,

(214a) Pyrausta holophealis, sp. 0.

?. Black-brown with a metallic gloss ; frons with lateral

yellow streaks; pectus and legs pale brown; fore tarsi

yellowish ; wings without trace of markings.

Hab. Cua, Foo-chau (Leech), 1 2 type. Hap. 22 mm,

38 Mr. G. J. Arrow on the

(214.4) Pyrausta flavicollalis, sp. n.

¢. Greyish fuscous ; palpi at base, back of head, tegule,

pectus, legs, ventral surface, and extremity of abdomen

bright yellow ; fore tibiz and tarsi fuscous in front. Fore

wing finely pencilled with black and bluish-white scales

except costal and terminal areas.

Hab. Arcentina, Florenzia, Gran Chaco (Wagner), 1 ¢

type. Exp. 18 mm.

(‘To be continued. |

I1.—Notes on the Lamellicorn Genus Popillia and Descrip-

tions of some new Oriental Species in the British Museum.

By GivBert J. ARROW.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

In Dr. Kraatz’s list of the species of Popillia in the

Deutsche ent. Zeitschr. 1892 (p. 3803), lamentable confusion

was introduced into the classification of this difficult genus.

Dr. Kraatz’s collection has happily become accessible, and

the specimens of Popillia from India and China have been

kindly sent to me for examination by Herr Schenkling.

Hence the present notes. Having also examined the types

of Hope and Newman in London and Oxford, and a number

of Fairmaire’s in the Paris Museum, I am able to at least

partially correct the confusion which has resulted from the

inadequate descriptions of all those writers. Not only has

Kraatz misapplied the names given by all his predecessors

mentioned, but he has burdened his catalogue with numerous

names of colour-varieties, which in several cases are not

varieties of the species to which he has assigned them. He

has not avoided the repetition of the same name for these

varieties (e. g., cupricollis occurs three times and testacei-

pennis twice), and so evidently did not contemplate their use

as specific names in any case; and as they are merely

descriptive of the colours of individual specimens, and are

sometimes left to explain themselves without any attempt at

definition, they are evidently not applicable as specific names.

This is also the case with the many varietal names intro-

duced by Ohaus, who has a var, testaceipes of P. complanata,

Newm. (the new species P, pulchripes of the present paper),

Lamellicorn Genus Popillia. 39

and also a var. testace’pes of P. deplanata, Ohaus, both

described in the course of the same work.

Having separated Popillia 6-guttata, Fairmaire, from the

genus Popillia, and formed for it the new genus Spilo-

popilia, figuring the species upon his plate, Kraatz, upon a

later page of his monograph, has described a very closely

related insect with all the same generic features as a Popillia

under the name of 6-maculata. ‘his is a broader form, with

almost the same pattern, but nearly black ground-colour,

and the pronotum is smooth, with tine and scanty punctu-

ration. It should be called Spilopopillia 6-maculata.

I have long ago recorded my opinion that Kraatz’s genus

Peeilosticta must be for the present merged in Anomala.

‘The same applies to Hadropopillia, which is synonymous

with the subgenus Spilota.

The four species placed together as Ischnopopillia are not

naturally associated together. The description applies best

to rugicollis, Newm., and mooret, Kr. (the female of the

latter was redescribed by Kraatz as andrewes?t), of which the

former may be considered the type of the genus. J. exarata

and erythroptera I consider species of Anomala.

P. fimbriata, Newm., does not belong to the genus. It

will be described in the ‘ Fauna of British India.’

P. gemma, Newm., is not the species described by Kraatz

under that name. It is the same as P. metallicollis, Fairm.

Dr. Kraatz’s species is named P. pulchra later in this paper.

P. perotteti, Kr., is P. chlorion, Newm., of which P. ceru-

lea, Boh., is not a variety. The form from Szechuen called

perotieti, var. chrysitis, Kr., isa var. of P. ¢nconstans, Fairm.,

and not of perottetd. P. straminipennis, Kr., is 4-guttata, F.,

and P. chinensis. var. sordida, Kr., is a form of the same

species and identical with P. castanoptera, Hope. The

so-called varieties of chinensis, purpurascens, and frivaldskyt

belong to yet another species distinguished by the smooth

pronotum and the quadrate clypeus of the male, which sex

was overlooked by Kraatz. :

P, andamanica, Kr., has been pronounced by Ohaus to be

only a variety of P. marginicollis, Hope, but it is a very

distinct species, marked, amongst other features, by the

absence of a mesosternal process,

P. marginicollis, Hope, is the type of a group of species

all distinguished by a peculiar type of elytral striation, but

differing greatly in the form of the sternal process and other

features. As all those hitherto known have been confused

with P, marginicollis, I have tabulated and named here those

known tome. They differ from all other Oriental species in

40 Mr. G. J. Arrow on the

having upon each elytron five dorsal strie (that is, striz

lying between the suture and the humeral callus) equidistant

from each other and without rows of punctures between

them. ‘The ventral segments are each divided at the sides

into two pseudo-segments by a carina from which spring

hairy fringes, and in most species another row of hairs arises

from the anterior margin of each segment. This double

fringe is not visible at the extreme outer edge of the abdomen,

and is most apparent, when present, in the penultimate

segment.

Most of the species are subject to very great variation in

pigmentation, especially upon the elytra.

Mesosternum more or less produced.

Ventral segments with single rows of hair.... pulchra, sp. n.

Ventral segments with double rows of hair.

Upper surface without dark markings...... felix, sp. n.

Upper surface with dark markings.

Elytra lightly striated .....,.......... levistriata, sp. n.

Elytra deeply striated.

Mesosternal process rather long.

Body convex; pale thoracic margin

WASUO ie be Cec cho a4 ee & teas hee mongolica, sp. N.

Body not very convex; pale thoracic

margin sharp.

Pygidial tufts elongate, small .... marginicollis, Hope.

Pygidial tufts large and compact .. birmanica, sp. nu.

Mesosternal process short.

Legs red, base of the pronotum strongly

emarginate ........ wesectees. CANWANA, SP. D.

Legs dark, base of the pronotum

feebly emarginate ...... seveee ‘ewist, sp. n.

Mesosternum truncated.

Short ; pronotum finely punctured, ventral seg-

ments with double rows of hair ........ andamanica, Kr.

Elongate ; pronotum strongly punctured, ven-

tral segments with single rows of hair.... formosana, sp. n,

Popillia pulchra, sp. n.

Popillia gemma, Kr. (nee Newm.).

Lete cupreo-aurea, capite (clypeo excepto), pygidio (apice excepto)

corporeque subtus zneo-viridibus, pedibus aureis, tarsis posticis

nigris ; corpus rhomboidale, vix convexum, sat breve, clypeo brevi,

antice fere recto, crebre punctato, fronte fortiter punctato; pro-

noti lateribus sat fortiter medio vix punctato, angulis bene mar-

catis, anticis acutis, posticis paulo obtusis, lateribus vix arcuatis,

medio obtuse angulatis; elytrorum dorso profunde 4-striato,

striis punctatis, interstitiis convexis, inequalibus, subsuturali basi

sparse punctato ; pygidio profunde sed laxe transverse strigoso,

basi haud dense flavido-bifasciculato, pectore toto abdominisque

Lamellicorn Genus Popillia. Al

lateribus sat longe hirsutis ; processu mesosternali modice elon-

gato, compresso, haud acuto.

Brilliant golden-yellow, with crimson and greenish reflec-

tions, the head (except the clypeus), pygidium (except the

posterior half), and lower surface dark metallic green, and

the legs golden, with the hind tarsi black.

The body is rather short and rhomboidal in shape and not

very convex. The clypeus is short, nearly straight in front

and closely punctured, and the forehead is strongly and not

very closely punctured. The pronotum is distinctly but not

closely punctured at the sides, very lightly in the middle, and

the angles are well marked, the front ones acute, the hind

slightly obtuse, the sides scarcely rounded but angulated

before the middle. The scutellum bears a few minute punc-

tures. ‘The elytra have each five deep punctured dorsal

strie. ‘The interstices are convex, but the second and fourth

are a little depressed and the former bears a few large punc-

tures anteriorly. ‘The pygidium is rather coarsely trans-

versely strigose and bears two patches of pale hairs at the

base. ‘The sternum is clothed with rather long decumbent

hairs and each ventral segment has a row of similar hairs at

‘the side. The mesosternal process is compressed, rounded at

the extremity, and moderately long. All the tibiz and the

hind tarsi are short and thick in both sexes.

3. The front tibize are very broad and the two teeth

short.

Length 9°5-11 mm.; breadth 6-6°5 mm.

Hab. Burma: Karen Hills (2700-3300 ft., Dec. 1888),

L. Fea.

Popillia feliz, sp.n. (Fig. 2.)

Lzte igneo-metallica, elytris cupreo-rosaceis: ovalis, convexa, clypeo

subtilissime rugoso, fronte sat fortiter et crebre punctato, pronoto

vix perspicue punctato; angulis anticis acutis, posticis valde

obtusis, lateribus medio angulatis, haud arcuatis ; scutello minute

punctato; elytris striis 5 dorsalibus profunde impressis, inter-

stitiis levibus, convexis, equalibus; pygidio sat grosse transverse

striolato, basi bifasciculato; processu mesosternali sat longo, haud

crasso ; metasterni lateribus albo-hirtis, segmentisque yentralibus

transyersim bisectis, biseriatim pilosis.

Golden-red above and beneath, with the elytra orange-red,

the pygidium bearing two basal patches of wiitish hairs, the

sternum densely clothed (except in the middle) with similar

hairs, and each ventral segment bearing two rows of trans-

versely placed hairs at the sides, ‘he body is oval, compact

42 Mr. G. J. Arrow on the

and convex, and the upper surface very smooth and shining.

The clypeus is shortly transverse, nearly straight in front

and very finely rugose, and the forehead is rather closely and

evenly punctured. ‘The pronotum is very smooth and shining

and scarcely visibly punctured, with the front angles acute,

the hind angles very obtuse, and the sides angulate in the

middle and not visibly curved. The scutellum is very

minutely punctured, and each elytron bears five deep, equi-

distant, dorsal striz. The striz are finely punctured and

the interstices smooth and convex. The pygidium is convex

and rather coarsely transversely strigose. The mesosternal

process is moderately long and slender, not flattened. The

tibize are stout and the two teeth of the front tibia short and

close together.

6. The front tibisee are very broad and the two teeth

minute and sharp.

?. The terminal tooth of the front tibia is blunt and

spatulate and the hind tarsi are very short and thick.

Length 13-14 mm. ; breadth 8 mm.

Hab. ASSAM,

A pair in the British Museum and one in the Oxford

Museum (from the Miers Coll.) are labelled “ India” alone,

and one in the German Entom, Nat. Museum is said to have

come from Assam.

Popillia levistriata, sp, n.

Flavo-nea, capite postice, pronoti disco, scutelloque obscure viridi-

bus: elongata, parum convexa, nitidissima; clypeo subtiliter

ruguloso, fronte modice punctato; pronoto parce et minute punc-

tato, postice levi, lateribus medio angulatis, angulis omnibus

distinctis, anticis acutissimis, basi medio profunde exciso; elytris

striis 5 dorsalibus minute punctatis leviter impressis, intervallis

fere planis ; pygidio transversim ruguloso, basi maculis duabus

grossis setosis ornato ; abdominis segmentis lateraliter transversim

bisectis et biseriatim setosis ; mesosterno modice producto, fere

acuto,

Reddish testaceous, suffused (except upon the elytra) with

a metallic-green lustre, the head (except the clypeus), the

pronotum and scutellum deep green, the former with rather

broad but vaguely defined yellow margins. It is rather

elongate and extremely smooth and shining. The clypeus is

very minutely rugulose and the forehead rather closely punc-

tured. The pronotum is very minutely punctured at the

front and sides, the lateral margins are sharply angulated in

the middle, the front angles very acute, the hind angles

Lamelicorn Genus Popillia. 43

slightly obtuse but not rounded, and the base strongly excised

before the scutellum, which bears only a few minute punc-

tures. Hach elytron bears five equidistant punctured strix,

which are lightly impressed, with the intervals scarcely con-

vex. The pygidium is coarsely transversely rugose and bears

two rather large compact patches of whitish hairs at the base.

‘he ventral segments are divided laterally by median carine,

and each bears a double fringe of stiff hairs. The meso-

sternum is produced into a moderately long and acute process.

6. The legs are very short and thick, and the front tibia

bears two very minute sharp teeth placed close together at

the extremity.

Length 11 mm.; breadth 6 mm.

Hab. Assam: Patkai Hills (Doherty).

I know only a single specimen (in the British Museum).

Popillia mongolica, sp.n. (Fig. 5.)

Testacea, capite toto, pronoto (lateribus vage flavis exceptis), scutello

corporeque subtus obscure virldibus, corpore toto viridi-metallico-

suffuso, elytris plus minusve fusco-lineatis: late ovata, convexa,

supra nitida, clypeo subtiliter ruguloso, fronte cum vertice crebre

punctatis ; pronoto et scutello parce et minute punctulatis, illo

postice medio levigato, hoc apice acute angulato; elytris pro-

funde striatis, striis dorsalibus 5 crebre et minute punctatis ;

pygidio grosse transverse strigato, basi maculis duabus grossis

setosis ornato ; abdominis segmentis lateraliter transversim bi-

sectis et biseriatim setosis ; mesosterno modice producto.

P. mongolica is the most stout and globose species of the

group known to me. The prothorax is very convex and

round, smooth and shining, with a generally broad but rather

vaguely limited pale lateral border. As in P. marginicollis

and birmanica, the elytral striz are usually more or less

tinged with dark pigment, which may extend on to some of

the intervals. ‘he pygidium is decorated with two large

tufts of white hair, and the abdominal segments are distinctly

doubly fringed at the sides. ‘he mesosternal process is of

moderate length.

Length 11-12 mm.; breadth 7-7-5 mm.

Hab, CHINA: Hong Kong, Foh-kien.

Popillia birmanica, sp.n. (Fig. 3.)

Rufo-testacea, fronte, prothoracis medio, scutello corporeque subtus

plus minusve viridi-eneis, pedibus pallidis, elytris plerumque

tusco-lineatis, corpore toto, elytrisexceptis, viridi-metallico-tincto ;

Ad _ Mr. G. J. Arrow on the

sat elongato, parum conyexo, clypeo subtiliter ruguloso, fronte

crebre punctato, pronoto parce minute punctato, postice levigato :

scutello fere levi, apice rotundato; elytris striis dorsalibus 5

profunde impressis, confluenter punctatis, interstitiis convexis ;

pygidio grosse transversim strigato, basi maculis duabus grossis

setosis lineisque setarum lateralibus fere ad apicem ductis ornato ;

segmentis abdominalibus lateraliter transversim bisectis et bi-

seriatim setosis ; mesosterno modice producto.

Reddish testaceous, with the head (except the clypeus),

the middle of the pronotum, the scutellum, and parts of the

lower surface dark green, entirely suffused with a metallic-

green lustre, except upon the elytra, which have usually

more or less distinct longitudinal dark lines.

It is elongate in shape and not very convex. The clypeus

is very minutely rugulose and the rest of the head distinctly

punctured. The pronotum is very finely and sparingly

punctured, with the middle of the basal part quite smooth.

The scutellum bears a few very minute punctures and its

apex is rounded. ‘The elytra have each five very deep equi-

distant dorsal striae bearing confluent punctures at the

bottom, and the intervals are smooth and convex. The

pygidium is coarsely transversely striolated and bears two

large white hairy patches at the base and a line of irregular

hairs on each side almost meeting at the apex. ‘The ventral

segments are divided by transverse carinze at the sides and

doubly fringed. ‘The mesosternum is moderately produced.

Length 9-12°5 mm.; breadth 5-7 mm.

Hab. Assam: Sylhet, Patkai Mts., Cachar; Burma:

Momeit (Doherty) ; TENASSERIM: Papun (Lt.-Col. Adamson).

Popillia taiwana, sp. n. (Fig. 6.)

Rufo-castanea, capite (clypeo excepto), pronoti disco, scutello cor-

poreque subtus fusco-viridibus, corpore toto (elytris exceptis)

viridi-metallico suffuso ; capite antice minutissime rugoso, postice

fortiter punctato; pronoto convexo, antice et lateraliter laxe

punctato, postice levi, lateribus antrorsum a basi convergentibus,

angulis distinctis, anticis acutissimis, baseos medio fortiter exciso,

scutello minute punctato, apice rotundato; elytris striis 5 dor-

salibus profunde impressis, minute punctatis; pygidio fortiter

transversim punctato-striolato, basi maculis duabus grossis setosis

ornato; abdominis segmentis lateraliter transversim bisectis,

biseriatim setiferis ; mesosterno paulo producto, haud acuto.

This is a compact convex species, with the posterior part

of the head, the dise of the pronotum, and the scutellum very

deep green, and the yellow margins of the pronotum con-

Lamellicorn Genus Popillia. 45

spicuous and sharply defined. It is only moderately shining

above, the pronotum is finely punctured except behind, and

the scutellum is broad and rounded, not angulate, at the

apex. The mesosternum is produced into a short blunt

process, and the sides of the abdominal segments bear double

rows of short stiff hairs.

Length 10-11 mm.; breadth 6 mm.

fab. Formosa (Bowring). f

Popillia lewisi, sp. n.

Viridi-cuprea, elytris prothoracisque marginibus angustis, testaceis,

levissime metallescentibus, tarsis antennisque piceis: modice

elongata, parum convexa, nitidissima, capite subtiliter dense

rugoso, vertice polito, parce punctato, clypeo parvo, sutura obso-

leta ; pronoto a basi ad apicem angustato, antice et lateraliter sat

fortiter punctato, postice medio levissimo, basi medio parum

profunde exciso ; scutello vix punctato ; elytris striis 5 dorsalibus

profunde impressis, his minute punctatis, stria sexta grosse punc-

tata, antice abbreviata, reliquis grosse punctatis ; pygidio grosse

transversim rugato, utrinque macula ?-forma flavo-pilosa ad

apicem fere conjuncta, ornato; processu mesosternali brevi,

compresso, corpore subtus ad latera flavido-piloso, abdomiuis

segmentis lateraliter transversim bisectis, biseriatim pilosis.

This is the third species of Popillia found in the Japanese

Islands and the smallest and most distinct of the three, P. ja-

ponica, Newm., and ¢dnsu/arts, Lewis, being nearly inter-

related and having an additional dorsal stria. P. lewis? is

easily distinguished from the rest of the marginicollis group

by the form of the long, curved, pubescent patches upon the

pygidium. In most of the species there are a few straggling

hairs between the basal tufts and the apex of the pygidium,

but here the hairs are almost equally dense trom the base

almost to the apex, forming a comma-like patch on each side.

The sternal process is distinctly produced, but very broad

and blunt, and the pronotum is rather long, with its sides

convergent and only very feebly angulated in the middle.

Two male specimens have been found and presented to the

British Museum by Mr. J. E. A. Lewis.

Length 9 mm.; breadth 5 mm.

Hab, Okinawa I. (Great Loo Choo).

Popilha formosana, sp.n. (Fig. 7.)

/Eneo-castanea, capite, pronoto, scutello corporeque subtus obscure

viridibus, elytris testaceis, haud metallicis, clypeo antico pro-

notique lateribus angustis plerumque testaceis, tarsis antennisque

46 Mr. G. J. Arrow on the

rubris, femoribus tibiisque aut viridibus aut pallidis; sat brevis

et convexa, clypeo minute rugoso, sutura recta, vertice irregu-

lariter grosse punctato; pronoto brevi, convexo, subtiliter irregu-

lariter punctato, lateribus medio fortiter angulatis ; scutello paulo

punctato; elytris striis 5 dorsalibus profundissime impressis et

crebre punctatis, reliquis grosse punctatis, sexta antice abbre-

viata; pygidio fortiter transversim strigato, basi maculis 2 grossis

setosis ornato; mesosterno antice verticali, recte angulato ;

corpore subtus ad latera sat longe griseo-piloso, abdominis

segmentis lateraliter transversim bisectis, longe vix biseriatim

pilosis.

This is a small species of rather elongate form, with the

shoulders rather prominent, the dorsal striz extremely deep

and strong, and the intervals very convex. ‘he pronotum

is very distinctly punctured and deeply emarginate in front

of the scutellum; the hairy patches on the pygidium are

remote and not produced towards the apex, and the meso-

sternum is truncate squarely in front and not produced. ‘The

hairy clothing of the lower surface is long and shaggy, but

not thick.

Length 8 mm.; breadth 4°5 mm.

Hab. Formosa: Tai-nan.

In my paper on the Ruteline Coleoptera of Ceylon (Ann.

& Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) viii. 1911, p. 354), I pointed out that,

contrary to the opinion previously held, only a small propor-

tion of the Ceylonese Ruteline occurred also on the Indian

mainland; but amongst this small number of species common

to both I included the only species of Popillia found in

Ceylon, following Kraatz and Ohaus, both of whom had

made special studies of this insect and its varieties. Later

investigation has shown that this species is no exception, but

that the Indian forms determined by those authors as

belonging to it are really distinct. The Ceylon insect must

be called P. discalis, Walk., that being the oldest of the

names bestowed upon it, for complanata, Newm., the name by

which it has been known, belongs to a mainland form (the

type is a female) superficially like it, but structurally

different.

Identical colour-phases recur through a series of different

species in this group, so that description of the colours alone,

as has been thought sufficient hitherto, is quite valueless.

Specimens from Southern India submitted to Dr. Kraatz

by Mr. H. E. Andrewes and to Dr. Ohaus by myself have

been determined by them as belonging to the numerous

colour-phases of the so-called P. complanata, showing that

Lamellicorn Genus Popillia. 47

the varietal names were applied not to definite natural forms,

but to similarly coloured phases of various species collectively.

It is essential that descriptions should include the dis-

tinctive male characters, the females of various species of

this group, which is distinguished by the border of white

hairs on each side of the pronotum, being extremely similar,

while the males fall into two divisions. In that to which

the Ceylonese P. discalis, with lucida, chlorion, adamas, &c.,

belong, the longer middle claw is entire, while in P. com-

planata and other species it is cleft.

Five species of the group hitherto unrecognized are here

described. Like all its other known members, they are

Indian, and will be tabulated in my volume in the ‘ Fauna of

British India.’

Popillia propingua, sp.n. (Fig. 15.)

Cuprea vel fusco-cenea, supra nitidissima, elytris testaceis: breviter

ovata, clypeo et fronte dense rugosis, pronoto antice et lateraliter

levissime punctato, lateribus sat dense albo-setosis ; scutello fere

levi; singulis elytris dorsaliter transverse impressis et 5-striatis,

striis punctatis, interstitio subsuturali lato, antice fortiter lineato-

punctato ; pygidio grosse punctato, maculis magnis 2 albo-pilosis

basi ornato ; mesosterno compresso, curvato, acuto,

Deep metallic green or coppery above and beneath, with

the elytra alone testaceous ; shortly ovate and very shining

above. ‘The clypeus and forehead are densely rugose and the

vertex strongly punctured. The pronotum is very shining,

minutely punctured at the front and sides, with a close fringe

of white setze on each side. The scutellum is almost smooth.

The elytra have each a distinct transverse impression before

the middle and five punctured dorsal strie, the subsutural

interval being broad and bearing a row of strong punctures

anteriorly. ‘The pygidium is coarsely punctured and has two

large, round, setose patches at the base and numerous scat-

tered setee towards the apex. The mesosternal process is

strongly curved and sharp-pointed.

3. The inner front claw is broad, but scarcely angulated,

and the outer claw of the middle tarsus is entire.

Length 8°5-10 mm.; breadth 5-6°5 mm.

Hab. 8. Inp1a: Travancore (G. S. Imray).

This has the closest resemblance to P. discalis and com-

planata, but, with the exception of the elytra, it is uniformly

dark in colour, the legs, clypeus, and sides of the pronotum

being apparently always without the pale colouring which

usually tinges them in the other two species. The fovex

48 Mr. G. J. Arrow on the

before the middle of the elytra are deeper and the mesosternal

process is more pointed. The male is immediately distin-

guishable from that of P. complanata by the fact that the

outer claw of the middle tarsus is not cleft. The zdeagus of

the male P. propingua is represented at fig. 15, and that of

P. complanata at fig. 12.

Popillia pulchripes, sp.n. (Fig. 10.)

P. complanata, var. viridipennis, Kr. Deutsche ent. Zeitschr, 1892,

p. 268.

P. complanata, vax. testaceipes, Oh. Stett. ent. Zeit. 1897, p. 345.

Metallico-viridis, cyanea vel cuprea, prothoracis lateribus (anguste)

pedibusque pallide flavis, sed tibiarum posticarum apice et tarsis

posticis nigris : elongato-ovalis, convexa, nitida, prothoracis lateri-

bus parce albido-setosis, pygidio maculis duabus haud magnis sed

compactis basi ornato; clypeo rugoso, fronte erebre punctato ;

pronoto parce et minute punctato; scutello fere impunctato ;

singulis elytris fovea post scutellum striisque 5 dorsalibus punctatis

profunde impressis, intervallo subsuturali modice lato, antice

paulo punctato; pygidio grosse transverse striolato; processu

mesosternali compresso, curvato, subacuto.

Uniform metallic green, blue or coppery above and beneath,

with the extreme lateral edge of the prothorax and the legs

bright orange, except the hind tarsi and the extremity of the

hind tibie, which are almost black. The extremity of the

abdomen is often orange also.

Rather elongate-oval in shape, very smooth and shining,

with a scanty fringe of greyish hairs at the sides of the pro-

notum, a small but compact tuft on each side of the base of

the pygidium, and a thin clothing at the sides of the body

beneath. The clypeus is rugosely, and the forehead closely,

punctured, the pronotum very finely and scantily (except near

the sides) and the scutellum almost smooth. The elytra have

each a deep transverse impression behind the scutellum and

five strongly impressed and punctured strix, and the intervals

are convex, the second not much wider than the third and

bearing only a few punctures. The pygidium is coarsely

transversely puuctured, and the mesosternal process is com-

pressed, strongly curved, and not very blunt.

g. The front tibia is armed with two short sharp teeth,

the lower lobe of the inner front claw is not angulated, and

the longer claw of the middle foot is not cleft.

Length 10-12 mm. ; breadth 6—7 mm.

Hab. 8. Inpia: Nilgini Hills.

Lamellicorn Genus Popillia. 49

Taken in some numbers by Mr. H, L. Andrewes and

Sir G. Hampson.

I have explained in my preliminary remarks why the

names applied as varietal names to this and other forms

described here cannot be retained.

Popillia evimia, sp.n. (Fig. 14.)

Supra omnino lete viridis: subtus cuprea, ovalis, sat convexa, nitida,

clypeo rugoso, fronte crebre punctato, pronoto antice et lateraliter

minute punctato, postice levi, lateribus setis albidis sat anguste

marginatis, scutello lato, levi, haud angulato; singulis elytris

fovea profunda pone scutellum striisque 5 dorsalibus profundis

punctatis impressis, intervallo subsuturali haud lato, impunctato ;

pygidio grosse transverse punctato, basi utrinque macula haud

magna albo-setosa ornato; processu mesosternali modice longo,

curvato, compresso,

Bright green above and coppery beneath, with a close but

narrow margin of white setz on each side of the pronotum

and a small compact patch on each side of the pygidium.

It is oval and moderately convex in shape and very smooth

and shining above. The clypeus is rugose, the forehead

densely punctured, the pronotum finely and scantily punc-

tured at the front and sides, and the scutellum almost un-

punctured. The last is broad and rounded at theapex. The

elytra have each a very large and deep impression behind

the scutellum and five deep dorsal striae, which are distinctly

punctured. The subsutural interval is scarcely wider than

the next and almost unpunctured. The pygidium is coarsely

transversely punctured, and the mesosternal process is mode-

rately long, compressed, curved, and pointed.

3. The two teeth of the front tibia are minute and sharp,

the lower iobe of the inner front claw is not angulated nor

very wide, and the longer claw of the middle feet is simple.

Length 11°5 mm.; breadth 7 mm.

Hab. 8. Invia: Nilgiri Hills (G. 7. Hampson).

Asingle ¢ specimen.

Popillia clara, sp. n.

Viridis vel igneo-rufa, pronoti margine parcissime griseo-hirto

pygidioque utrinque fasciculo minuto ornato: ovalis, glabra,

nitida, clypeo rugoso, fronte crebre punctato, prothorace late-

raliter parce punctato ; scutello levi; elytris sat vage punctato-

striatis; pygidio grosse strigato; processu mesosternali compresso,

obtuso, fere recto.

Bright metallic green or fiery red above and beneath, or

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xii. 4

50 Mr. G. J. Arrow on the

with the upper surface, or the elytra only, fiery red; very

smooth and shining.

The body is compactly ovate and moderately convex. The

clypeus is rugose, short, with its front edge almost straight,

and the forehead is closely punctured. The pronotum is very

smooth and shining, with a few fine punctures near the front

and sides, and the lateral grooves are deep and contain a very

few inconspicuous whitish hairs. The scutellum is almost

unpunctured and scarcely angulated at the apex. The elytra

have each a distinct transverse impression before the middle

and five lightly impressed and punctured dorsal striz, the

first, third, and fifth intervals being slightly convex, and the

Second broad and irregularly punctured along the middle.

The pygidium is transversely strigose and ‘bears a very

minute tuft of outstanding whitish hairs on each side of the

base and some scattered hairs towards the apex. The meso-

sternal process is moderately long, compressed, blunt, and

nearly straight. The sides of the sternum and abdomen are

clothed with long but not close hair.

3. The front tibia is very broad and armed with two

short but sharp teeth, the lower lobe of the inner front claw

is angulated near the base, and the outer middle claw is cleft

at the tip. The pygidium is smoother, shorter, and more

inclined than in the female, and slightly protuberant at the

extremity.

@. The terminal tooth of the front tibia is long, curved,

and blunt.

Length 9-12 mm.; breadth 5°5-7 mm.

Hab. S. Invi: Nilgiri Hills (77. L. Andrewes), Pondi-

chery.

Mr. Andrewes took this species in considerable numbers.

Popillia schizonycha, sp.n. (Fig. 11.)

Haud lete viridis, viridi-aurea vel cuprea,elytris sepe magis obscure

viridibus, nigro-cyaneis vel rufescentibus, marginibus plus minusve

infuseatis, clypeo, pedibus, abdominisque apice plerumque obscure

rufis: corpus sat latum, robustum, supra nitidum; clypeo rugose

punctato, fronte crebre punctato, scutello pronotoque antice et

lateraliter minute et parce punctato, horum lateribus setis albidis

modice late marginatis; singulis elytris fovea transversa post

scutellum striisque 5 dorsalibus punctatis profunde impressis ;

pygidio grosse transversim striolato, basi maculis duabus setosis

magnis rotundatis ornato ; processu mesosternali longo, compresso,

obtuso.

Deep green, golden-green, or coppery, with the elytra

generally darker green or blue-black, but sometimes reddish

Lamellicorn Genus Popillia. 51

with a metallic-green suffusion and the sides more or less

dark. The clypeus, legs, and extremity of the abdomen are

sometimes also of a deep red colour.

It is a broad and massive insect, smooth and shining, and

moderately convex above. The sides of the pronotum are

conspicuously bordered with white hairs, the pygidium bears

a pair of large round hair-patches at the base, and the lower

surface is rather thickly clothed at the sides with similar

white hairs. The clypeus is rugosely punctured, tie fore-

head densely, and the scutellum and front and sides of the

pronotum very finely and sparsely. The elytra have each a

deep fovea behind the scutellum and five deeply impressed

and punctured dorsal striz. The subsutural interval is broad

and has an irregular line of large punctures along the middle.

The pygidium is coarsely transversely striolated, and the

mesosternal process is strongly compressed and rounded at

the extremity.

3. The two teeth of the front tibia are short and sharp,

the inner front claw has a broad angulated lower lobe, and

the outer middle claw is cleft at the tip.

Length 11-12°5 mm. ; breadth 6°5-7°5 mm.

Hab. 8. InpIA: Bangalore, Nilgiri Hills (H. Z. An-

drewes).

Three other Oriental species of Popillia, which have been

described in connection with a volume in preparation for the

‘Fauna of British India’ series, may be conveniently

included here :—

Popiliia pilosa, sp. n.

Golden or coppery green, with the lower surface and legs

darker coppery green, and the elytra testaceous, with a

metallic sheen, and with the outer edges coppery black. The

body is ovate and a little depressed. The clypeus is rugose

and short, with the front margin feebly rounded and slightly

reflexed. The forehead is rugosely punctured and clothed

with long, erect, yellow hairs, and the vertex strongly and

distinctly punctured. The pronotum is coarsely punctured,

the punctures becoming confluent near the sides, and is also

clothed with long but not close yellow hairs. The lateral

margins are scarcely curved, angulated before the middle,

with the front and hind angles sharp, the former produced,

the latter right angles. The scutellum bears a few unequal

punctures, and each elytron bears seven nearly equidistant

dorsal punctured striae, the second and fifth less impressed

than the rest and abbreviated behind. There is no abrupt

52 Mr. G. J. Arrow on the

lateral flange. The pygidium is punctured and bears two

basal tufts of yellow hairs. The lower surface is clothed,

except along the middle line of the abdomen, with long

yellowish hair, and the mesosternal process is short and

vertical in front.

3. The inner front claw has the lower lobe very broad

and angulate near the base, the two teeth of the front tibia

are short and sharp, and the hind tarsi are rather longer and

slenderer than those of the female.

Length 7°5-8'5 mm.; breadth 4°5 mm.

Hab. WersterN Hrmanayas: Dehra Dun; Kumaon;

Lansdown Garhwal (A. G. Lyell, June 1909).

Popillia simlana, sp. n.

Golden or coppery green, with the legs and lower surface

dark coppery and the elytra testaceous, with a metallic suffu-

sion and the extreme lateral margins coppery black. The

body is ovate and a little depressed. The clypeus is con-

fluently punctured, broad, with the front margin nearly

straight and strongly reflexed. The forehead is rugosely

punctured and thinly clothed with erect yellow hairs. The

pronotum is very strongly punctured, the punctures becoming

confluent near the lateral margins, which are scarcely curved,

angulated near the middle, with the front angles acute and

the hind angles obtuse. The whole surface is thinly clothed

with erect yellowish hairs. The scutellum bears only a few

fine punctures and the elytra have each five complete punc-

tured dorsal striae, the second interval very wide and bearing

many large irregular punctures, and the fourth having a few

punctures forming an imperfect row along the middle. The

pygidium bears coarse and not close transverse striol, and is

decorated at the base with two tufts of greyish hairs. The

lower surface and legs are similarly clothed with long, but

not close, grey hairs, except at the middle of the abdomen.

The mesosternal process is vertical in front and not produced

beyond the front coxe., ;

gd. The inner front claw has the lower lobe very broad,

the front tibia is armed with two short and sharp teeth, and

the hind tarsi are rather longer and slenderer than in the

female.

Length 8-9 mm. ; breadth 4-5 mm.

Hab. PunsaB: Simla (7000 feet—H. Chippendale, June

1909) ; Nepau: Khatmandu (Col. Manners Smith, June

1909).

This species exactly resembles P. pilosa, but is easily

Lamellicorn Genus Popillia. 53

distinguished by the broad reflexed clypeus. The elytral

sculpture is also slightly different.

Popillia amabilis, sp. n.

Viridi-aurea vel cuprea, elytris, pedibus 4 anterioribus femoribusque -

posticis flavis, sneo-tinctis, tarsis posticis obscuris: elongato-

ovalis, haud convexa, clypeo parvo, rugoso, fronte pronotoque

crebre et grosse punctatis, horum basi levigato, lateribusque

rugatis; scutello parum punctato, elytris lineis 7 dorsalibus

fortiter punctatis, lateribus abrupte deplanatis ; pygidio maculis

2 magnis flavo-setosis fere conjunctis ornato; processu meso-

sternali valido, compresso, apice rotundato.

Rich golden-green, the elytra, front and middle legs and

hind femora pale yellow with a metallic-green lustre, the

lower surface, pygidium, and hind tibie generally reddish

golden, and the hind tarsi dark brown.

It is elongate in shape and not very convex above. The

pygidium bears two large patches of yellow setz extending

almost across it at the base, but scarcely meeting in the

middle, the apex bears similar scattered sete, and the lower

surface is rather closely clothed at the sides. The clypeus is

very short and rugose, the forehead strongly and densely

punctured, and the pronotum coarsely and densely punctured

except before the scutellum, the punctures coalescing near

the sides. The scutellum bears only a very few punctures,

and the elytra have seven dorsal rows of strongly impressed

and punctured lines, the second line rather irregular and

disrupted at the base. The sutural space is broad and tapers

considerably at each end. There is a narrow but abrupt

lateral flange at the external margin. The pygidium is

scantily punctured and shining along the middle. The

mesosternal process is strong, compressed, broad, and bluntly

rounded at the end.

3. The legs are stout, the front tibia armed with two

short sharp teeth near the end, the lower lobe of the inner

front claw is angulated near the base and the longer claw of

the middle foot entire,

I do not know the female.

Length 9-10 mm. ; breadth 5-6 mm.

flab. ASSAM: Manipur, Naga Hills (Doherty).

This ‘species is very close to P. difficilis, Newm., but in

that the pronotum is much less strongly punctured and the

lateral flanges to the elytra are absent.

The types of all the species here described as new are in

the British Museum. ~

o4 On the Lamellicorn Genus Popillia.

| ' | | 2 | U

4 | \ 5 ] \ | | ae

10 | | un : it ) |

| 12 | 7 | oe | Se

The following is the explanation of the accompanying

diagrammatic figures of the edeagus of the male of species

referred to this paper :—

Fig. 1. Popillia marginicollis. Fig. 9. Popillia lucida. .

Fig. 2. oy afl Fig. 10. 5» pulchripes.

Fig. 3. yy _ birmanica. Fig. 11. » schizonycha,

Fig. 4. 4 andamanica. Fig. 12. » complanata.

Fig. 5. 55 mongolica, Fig. 13. » dscalis.

Fig. 6. yy tavwana, Fig. 14. » evtmia,

Fig. 4 » formosana. Fig, 15. 9 ~~ propinqua.

» adamas.

Mr. F. W. Edwards on Mycetophilid Synonymy.

I1I.—Some Mycetophilid Synonymy (Diptera).

By F. W. Epwanps,

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

THE synonymy given in the following notes has been deter-

mined during a recent examination of the exotic Mycero-

PHILID& in the British Museum, particularly the species

described from the Seychelles Islands by Enderlein (Trans.

Linn. Soce., Zool. ser. 2, vol. 14, 1910, pp. 59-81).

Of Enderlein’s species referred to, Scottella argenteo-

squamosa is the species previously described by Meijere from

Java as Allactoneura cincta. As Brunetti has pointed out

(Fauna Brit. Ind., Nematocera, p. 88, 1912), de Meijere, in

his figure and description, has accidentally omitted any

reference to the small cross-vein which probably represents

the vein Ro;3, the presence of which indicates, as Johannsen

has suggested, that this genus belongs to the Sciophiline.

The British Museum possesses undoubted specimens of

A. cincta from Ceylon, and ‘these differ in no way from the

Seychelles specimens. ‘The genus Aldlactoneura is a re-

markably isolated one; it will include, besides the type

species, Scottella formosana, End. (Trans. Linn. Soc. vol. xiv.

p- 63, 1910), and Mycetophila obscurata, Walk. (Proc. Linn,

Soc. vol. vii. p. 130, 1865). The former is distinguishable

by the yellow base to the hind femora; the latter has black

femora, but has the costal border instead of the apex of the

wing darkened. ‘Two specimens in the British Museum from

Queensland have wings resembling A, obscurata, but have

the base of the hind femora yellow ; they may be A. formo-

sana, the wings of which Enderlein does not describe,

Aphanizophleps, Knd., would seem to be indistinguishable

from Manota, Will.

Phronia flavellipennis, End., P. silhouettensis, End.,

P. areolata, End., and P. subvenosa, End., are in reality all

species of Hwechia. ‘The very diferent structure of the

ovipositor shows that P. subvenosa, var. tricincta, is a distinct

species; it also belongs to Lxechia. Macrobrachius brevi-

Jurcatus, though having the cubital fork rather shorter than

usual, is a distinct Phronta.

Mycetophila seychellensis, Eind., collar’s, End., and lurtdi-

ceps, Hnd., all belong to the genus Delopsis, Skuse. This

transference renders invalid Brunetti’s Delopsis collarts

(Fauna Brit. Ind. p. 119, 1912), and I propose to rename

this species DELOPSIS BRUNETTI, nom. nov. L. brunetti¢

56 Mr. K. G. Blair on some new

differs from the other four described species in having a

yellow scutellum. It may be mentioned that in none of the

species (including D. flavipennis, Skuse, a specimen of which

IT have examined) does the anal vein quite reach the hind

margin. In an undescribed species in the British Museum

from Ashanti, the costa extends slightly beyond the tip of

the radial sector.

The following Walkerian types in the British Museum are

assignable to different genera from those in which they were

originally described :—

Platyura insolita belongs to Symmerus (but Sc, is rather long,

ending free).

Leia unicolor pa Mycomyia (s. str.).

yy indivisa 9 Mycomyia (Neoempheria).

yy nubilipennis 9 Acrodicrania (but Cu, is not detached

at base).

Mycetophila apicalis os ge tN (=B. longicauda, Lundstr.,

1912).

7 cincticornis . Boletina (= B. nigricora, Staeg.,

Lundstr.; hypopygium identical,

but has yellow coxe).

. concolor - Boletina (= B. sciarina, Mg.).

o despecta a Phronia.

bs plebeia <- Exechia.

s bifasciata ; Dynatosoma.

1V.—Some new Species of Indian Tenebrionide.

By K. G. Brarr.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Blaps armata.

Elongata, prothorace leviter transverso, lateribus regulariter arcu-

atis, marginibus reflexis, dorso convexiusculo subtiliter punctu-

lato ; elytris elongato-ovatis, apice sat acute rotundato haud

caudato; femoribus anticis ante apicem acute dentatis.

Long. 30 mm.

Hab. Chitral (R. Hill) ; Fort Sandeman (£. P. Stebbing).

This species, of which only the female is before me, seems

to be very distinct from any‘other described species, From

B. femoralis, Fisch., which has the anterior femora toothed,

it differs, enter alia, in being only half as long and in in-

habiting a different region ; it cannot be placed in Asidoblaps

Species of Indian Tenebrionide. 57

or Celocnemodes, but its general facies suggests a close

relationship with Slaps tndicola, Bates, though, without

some knowledge of the male characters, it is impossible to

speak with certainty. The evenly rounded and narrowly

recurved margins of the thorax, the elongate-ovate form of

the elytra, with the sides evenly rounded trom base almost to

apex (which, though acute, is not at all caudate), give the

insect a very distinctive appearance. The lateral carina of

the elytra is completely marginal.

Setents semiopaca.

Nigra aut picea, subopaca, sutura clypeali subobsoleta, prothorace

post apicem latiori, angulis anticis rotundatis, posticis acutis fere

rectis, dorso sat regulariter punctato, foveis et linea media obso-

letis; elytris postice ampliatis sat subtiliter punctato-striatis,

intervallis planis, parte dorsali subnitida, postice et ad lateres

per granulos minutos opacis ; tibiis anticis et mediis maris leviter

arcuatis, femine rectis.

Long. 20-25 mm.

Hab. Sylhet (Brit. Mus.); Subatach, Jaunsaur, N.W.

Himalaya (Stebding).

This species must be very close to S. parvicollis, Fairm.,

though the thorax is but feebly transverse and has its greatest

width shortly before the apex. The disc is convex, with a

fairly dense and even puncturation and but faint traces of a

median furrow and lateral foveze. The elytral strie are very

slightly impressed and finely punctate, the interstices flat.

The dorsal area is moderately shining, but the sides and

posterior declivity are rendered opaque by the presence of

minute granules. The femora are unarmed, the anterior and

middle tibiz of the male slightly curved, the apex clothed

within with a short golden pubescence.

Setenis semivalga.

Oblonga, nigra, seminitida, sutura clypeali distincta ; antennis longi-

usculis, articulis omnibus elongatis ; prothorace transverso, angu-

lis anticis rotundatis, posticis acute rectis, dorso sat parce punctu-

lato, medio sat distincte sulcato utrinque leviter foveolato ; elytris

punctato-striatis, intervallis convexis; tibiis anticis maris medio

incrassatis, subdentatis, arcuatis, apice auro-pubescentibus, ceteris

et femine omnibus leviter sinuatis,

Long. 25-27 mm.

Hab. Ceylon (Bates Coll.) ; Kudrai, Central Prov. (Sted-

bing).

58 Mr. A. J. Jukes-Browne on a

Resembles S. valga, Wied., but the thorax is less trans-

verse, with the sides subparallel, the median furrow entire,

and the surface rather scantily and not strongly punctate.

The striz of the elytra are rather coarsely punctured, with

the interstices convex. ‘I'he anterior tibize in the male are

thickened and subdentate in the middle; in valga the tooth

is more pronounced and much nearer the femur; the distal

portion is arcuate and clothed with a short golden pubescence

at the apex. From 8S. confusa, Fairm., it is at once distin-

guished by the length of the antennee, which reach almost to

the base of the thorax, having all the joints longer than

broad.

Camarimena rugosistriata.

Elongata, subparallela, fusco-znea, nitida, corpore omnino sat parce

supra inconspicue sericeo-pubescenti, capite prothoraceque dense

sat fortiter punctatis, elytrorum striis dense rugoso-punctatis,

intervallis parce et subtiliter punctulatis, sulculis transversis

lateribus irregulariter rugatis; subtus pedibusque fusco-zneis,

dense punctatis, femoribus anticis clavatis, ceteris vix incrassatis.

Long. 18 mm.

Hab. “Ind. or.”’ (Bates Coll.) ; Kunain, Jaunsaur, N.W.

Himalaya (Stebbing).

Entirely bronze-coloured and covered with a scanty incon-

spicuous silky pubescence. ‘lhe sculpture of the elytra is

very distinct, the punctures of the strize being very closely

placed and transversely elongate, giving off irregularly a

short furrow which encroaches on the interstice, now on one

side now on the other; the intervals are nitid and sparsely

punctulate. The legs are densely punctured, with the

femora but feebly clavate, those of the anterior legs being

most strongly so.

‘his species had been separated by Bates from Camart-

mena under the name of Pigeus, but without characterization

of the genus. For the present, however, until the group

comes to be revised, 1 consider it best to leave i¢ in Camari-

mena.

V.—On a new Species of Clementia.

By A. J. Jukes-Browng, F.R.S., F.G.S.

[Plate I.]

THE shell which forms the subject of this communication is

one of two specimens which were purchased by Mr. J. C.

Melvill at the recent sale of Mr. Bulow’s collection. They

new Species of Clementia. 59

were included in a small set of different species of Caryatis

(= Pitaria), and were accompanied by a ticket bearing the

inscription “ Caryatis aresta, Dall and Simpson, Mayaguez,

Porto Rico.” Knowing that I was then making a study of

the genus Pitaria, Mr. Melvill very kindly sent me one of

these shells, together with some of the other species, for

examination, which revealed the fact that the supposed

** Pituria aresta”’ did not belong to that species or genus,

but were a form of Clementia.

So far as external appearance is concerned, the shell does

closely resemble P. aresta as figured and described by

Messrs. Dall and Simpson, and Porto Rico is the locality

from which that species was obtained. Both are inflated

shells of a dull white colour, with fine concentric striation,

obliquely oblong in shape, with rather prominent umbones

set far forward, so that there is a short anterior and a very long

posterior slope. But the hinge of the shell hereafter described

is very different from that of Pitaria, being without any

lateral teeth, and having a deep triangular concavity in front

of each anterior cardinal.

The special interest of this discovery lies in the fact that

all the known recent species of Clementia are inhabitants of

the Indian and Pacific Oceans, whereas this comes from the

Caribbean Sea. ‘There is no reason to doubt the accuracy of

the label, which appears to-be in the late Mr. Biilow’s hand-

writing, nor is there any reason to suppose that this label

had been interchanged with some other one, for none of the

other species in the set resemble P. aresta, while these two

shells might have been mistaken for that species by anyone

who did not critically examine them inside.

I have compared the specimen in my hands with the figures

and descriptions of all the known species of Clementia, and,

further, by the kindness of Mr. J. J. MacAndrew I have had

the opportunity of actually seeing specimens of most of the

species, and I find the shell in question to be different from

all of them. It is a stouter, stronger, and more chalky shell

than any of the recent species, so that the interior has a

smooth surface of its own, which is not the counterpart of

the exterior, as in most recent species.

The only modern species to which it bears any resemblance

is Clementia vatheleti, Mabille, from Korean waters. I am

indebted to Mr. G. K. Gude for sending me a copy of

Mabille’s description of this species, which was not accom-

panied by a figure *; from this Latin description C. vatheleti

* Bull, Soc, Philom, Paris, (8) iii. p. 57 (1901).

60 Mr, A. J. Jukes-Browne on a

seems to be similar in shape and equally oblique (‘‘ transverse

oblongo-ovata’’), but has several important points of difference,

being 1 regularly rounded in front and having a nearly straight

postero- -dorsal slope, while ventrally it is much deeper, so

that the ventral border is nearly a complete semicircle; the

shell is rather thin, so that the interior surface is undulating,

to correspond with the exterior; the pallial sinus is wide and

linguiform, passing beyond the middle of the shell (“ medium

longitudinis superante’’). There seem also to be some diffe-

rences in the position of the teeth.

The present species has also some resemblance to the figure

of Clementia gray?, Dall, a fossil from the Upper Oligocene

of Florida *. This is an oblong shell, described as ‘‘ convex,

rude, concentrically coarsely and irregularly striated,” so

that the external appearance is similar, but it is less oblique

and less elongate, and has a much deeper pallial sinus ;

moreover, Dr. ‘Dall states that the cardinal teeth are entire,

whereas in all the other species which I have examined the

right posterior cardinal is deeply bifid.

Dr. Dall has also described the single right valve of a

shell from the west coast of Mexico under the name of

Clementia solida ; but the dentition of this (as figured) T is

very unlike that of any other species of Clementia, and if the

shell does really belong to that genus, it will not compare

with the form under consideration.

I have not been able to ascertain how the Porto Rico shells

came into Mr. Biilow’s possession, but there seems to be no

doubt about their being a new species, and, as the obliquity

of shape and the forward position of the umbones are such

conspicuous features, I propose to give it the specific name

of obliqua. The following i is a description both in English and

Latin :—

Clementia obliqua, J.-Br.

Shell rather larger (59 x 44°5 mm.), fairly strong, not thin,

oblong-oblique, the umbones being so far forward that a

vertical from them cuts off four-fitths of the length ; anterior

side attenuated, owing to the upward slope of the ventral

margin (as in Pitarta obliquata) ; postero-dorsal slope long

and arcuate, posterior side broadly rounded and subtruncate.

Valves inflated, dull white, coarsely and irregularly con-

centrically striated, not undulated, though some of the

* Trans, Wagner Free. Inst. Sc. Philad. vol. iii. pl. xxxvii. fig. 12

(1900).

+ Proc. U.S. Nat, Mus, vol. xxvi. pl. xiv. fig. 4.

new Species of Clementia. 61

strisee are more prominent than others. Lunule cordate,

faintly circumscribed and nearly flat, but not impressed ;

escutcheon not defined, but its ligamental edges slightly

raised; ligament completely sunk, but conspicuous and

rather long.

Interior smooth, white, opaque; pallial sinus ascending,

angular, bounded by straight lines, not reaching to the middle

of the valve. Posterior adductor scar larger than the

anterior. Hinge-plate well developed and prolonged at each

end, with three cardinal teeth in each valve, the first in the

right being tall and prominent and the third deeply and

widely bifid; in the left the first and second are united at

the top, the third is distant, long, laminar, and highest at its

posterior end.

Testa paulo major (59 x 44 mm.), satis valida, haud tenui, oblonga,

obliquissima, umbonibus adeo provectis ut linea de vertice pen-

dens quatuor partes longitudinis a quinta desecat; latere antico

attenuato, propter marginis ventralis acclivitatem ; latere postico

lato et subtruncato, declivitate dorsali arcuata.

Valvis inflatis, albidis, striis concentricis densis irregularibus sculptis,

non undulatis, quanquam striz complures inter ceteras exstant.

Lunula cordata, linea indistincta circumscripta, fere plana sed non

impressa; area non definita, sed marginibus ligamentum contin-

gentibus elevatis ; ligamento elongato, profundato, sed per rimam

conspicuo.

Pagina interna albida, opaca; sinu pallii ascendente, lineis rectis

cincto, apice acuto, medio valve non porrigente. Vestigio mus-

culi posterioris quam anterioris majore. Lamina cardinali exserta

et utrimque producta, dentibus tribus cardinalibus munita, quorum

in valva dextra primus altus et prominens est, tertius late et

profunde bifidus; in valva sinistra dentibus primo et secundo

ad verticibus conjunctis, tertio longo, remoto, angusto, ad finem

posticam altiori.

Since the above was written, I have ascertained from

Dr. L. Germain that C. vatheleti has not yet been figured,

and he has been good enough to send me one of the types in

the Museum d’ Histoire Naturelle of Paris, in order that it

may be figured and compared with C. obliqua. I therefore

take this opportunity of describing C. vathe/eti in English.

Shell rather lagge (66x56 mm.), fairly strong, but not

quite so solid as C. obliqua, oblong-ovate, and almost sub-

quadrate, very oblique, with prominent umbones, which are

placed very far forward ; anterior side short and rounded,

ventral side expanded into a semicircular curve and sloping

up to meet the postero-dorsal border, so that the greatest

length of the shell is across the muscular scars ; postero-

62 Mr. G. T. Bethune-Baker on new

dorsal margin slightly curved, but slope of the shell above

nearly straight.

Valves inflated, irregularly undulated, and finely striated,

the undulations being more regular and pronounced on the

umbonal areas. lLunule flattish, not defined; escutcheon

depressed and bordered by obscure ridges, which become

angular near the umbones. Ligament short, broad, and

conspicuous.

Interior surface undulating, white; pallial sinus wide,

ascending, angular, reaching a little beyond the middle of the

shell ; adductor scars superficial and not differing much in

size. Hinge-plate very short; teeth small and near together,

both posteriors long and thin, that of the right valve being

very narrow and not bifid, though it is grooved.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE I.

Figs. 1, 2. Clementia obliqua, J.-Br., right valve.

Figs. 3, 4. Clementia vatheleti, right valve.

VI.— Descriptions of new Species of African Heterocera tn the

Oxford Museum. By G. T. Betuune-Baker, F.L.S.,

F.Z.S.

Notodontide.

Stauropus dambe, sp. n.

@. Head and thorax chocolate-brown, with a large ad-

mixture of greenish rough scales. Primaries creamy grey,

thickly irrorated with green and dark red-brown scales; the

postmedian deeply crenulate line, more or less obscured, is

dark red-brown ; submarginal line dark red-brown, deeply

waved, prominent, and continued along the fold across the

middle of the cell and less distinctly along the costa ; this

somewhat unusual marking should serve to easily discrimi-

nate the species. Secondaries pale brown, with the usual

Stauropus apical mark.

Hxpanse 47 mm. ¢

Had. Damba Island, on the Equator in the Victoria

Nyanza, 20 miles south-east of Entebbe.

Type in the Oxford Museum.

Dr. Carpenter found the larva on April 12th; it spun up

on the 14th of that month, and the imago emerged on

May 2nd following.

rk .

Species of African Heterocera. 63

Peratodonta bella, sp. n.

3d. Head and face tawny brown; collar prominent,

ochreous, broadly tipped with tawny brown; thorax purplish

grey, with patagia pinkish ; abdomen with dorsum pinkish

grey; ventral surface purplishe grey. Primaries with dark

linear costa, below which they are tawny brown, gradually

becoming paler and shading off into pale pinkish, and in

parts of the cell to cream-colour ; an oblique more or less

wedge-shaped patch of dark tawny brown occupies tlhe

terminal area, beginning ina fine line in the apex and getting

rapidly wider to vein 2; below vein 2 the whole of the inner

margin is pale tawny ash-colour; in the middle of the

terminal area is an irregular, pale bright olive-brown, tooth-

shaped mark extending shortly upwards towards the apex.

Secondaries uniform cream-colour.

?. Like the male, but without the sharp contrasts, the

colours being duller, more uniform, the terminal area being

pinkish rather than tawny, whilst the secondaries are darkish

brownish grey; the last segment of the abdomen has a pale

ash-grey tuft.

Expanse, ¢ 38, ? 49 mm.

Hab. Oni, 70 miles E. of Lagos.

Types in the Oxford Museum.

Male taken by W. A. Lamborn in the verandah of his

house at Oni Camp, 4 P.m., Sept. 9, 1911; the female at

3 P.M. on Sept. 10. A second male was taken in the same

position at 4 P.M. on Sept. 9. Mr. Lamborn is confident

that all three specimens had emerged from the pup of

captured larve that had escaped. Mr. Lamborn also captured

a third male at rest on the upperside of a leaf in the forest,

1 mile east of Oni, March 23, 1911. All four specimens

appeared in the wet season, which lasted from March 15 to

Dec. 8, 1911.

Arctiade.

Acantharctia rubrifemora, sp. n.

Head, face, thorax, abdomen, and both wings pure white ;

legs white, with bright red femora above. Primaries with

all the veins edged with pale greyish brown. Secondaries

spotless.

Expanse 45 mm.

Hab. Damba Island, Uganda.

Type in the Oxford Museum. Bred by Dr. Carpenter,

June 25, 1911, from a larva which spun June 9.

64 Mr. G. T. Bethune-Baker on new

Lymantride.

Lelia rogersi, sp. n.

@. Head, thorax, and abdomen creamy grey. Primaries

pale ochreous grey, with three parallel, oblique, wavy darker

lines; basal area paler grey. Secondaries subhyaline

whitish, without any marks.

Expanse 35 mm.

Hab. Fort Hall (Kikuyu), B.E. Africa.

Type in the Oxford Museum. Taken by the Rev. K.

St. A. Rogers on March 20, 1907.

Lelia acuta, sp. n.

9. Head and thorax pale rufous brown ; abdomen dirty

cream-grey. Primaries pale rufous brown, somewhat paler

on the fold and in the postmedian area, the ‘only mark being

an obscure dark greyish oblique stripe from the costa close

to the apex to near the middle of the cell. Secondaries pale

straw-colour.

Expanse 86 mm.

Hab. Damba Island, Uganda.

Type in the Oxford Museum. Bred Sept. 24, 1911, from

a larva found by Dr. Carpenter.

Cifuna nigroplagata, sp. n.

9. Head, thorax, abdomen, and both wings dull cinnamon-

brown. Primaries with a large blackish patch at the end of

the cell extending to the costa; from the angle of vein 3 an

obscure trace of an oblique darker stripe to the middle of the

inner margin ; a trace of a submarginal irregular line, with

some dark points in the upper radial portion ; fringes darkly

intersected. Secondaries with an obscure dark dash closing

the cell ; a submarginal indefinite irregular band of darker

shading ; fringes unicolorous.

Expanse 36 mm.

Hab. Damba Island, Uganda.

Type in the Oxford Museum. Bred July 12, 1911, from

a larva found by Dr. Carpenter. The cocoon was spun

July 1.

Dasychira geoffrey?, sp. n.

3 2. Head and thorax grey, very finely irrorated with

brownish ; abdomen ochreous grey. Primaries pale ochreous

grey, with fine brown irorations sparsely spread in the cell

Species of African Heterocera. 65

and fold, very thick on the costa and beyond the cell in the

costal area, but less thick on the terminal area; a trace of a

basal irregular line; a darkly outlined spot closing the cell,

with a crenulate postmedian fine dark line ; termen and

fringes darkly spotted. Secondaries ochreous grey, becoming

greyer towards the termen.

Ixpanse, ¢ 38, ¢ 50 mm.

Hab. Damba Island, Uganda.

Types in the Oxford Museum. Bred from larvee found by

Dr. Carpenter. First cocoon was spun May 4, 1911; the

first emergence occurred May 17-18.

There is one specimen much more prominently and darkly

marked, so that it is possible there may be a fair range of

variation with this species, as is the case with some others

of the genus.

Dasychira umbrensis, sp. v.

3 ¢. Head, thorax, abdomen, and both wings dull

darkish brown, of a mottled appearance, with very little

definite marking. Primaries with three dark dots at the

lower angle of the cell arranged in an inverted triangle ; an

obscure, dark, irregular, strongly serrate postmedian line ; a

series of submarginal interneural dark spots ; fringes spotted

in both wings. Secondaries uniform in colour,

Eixpanse, ¢ 43, 9 48 mm.

Hab. Damba Island, Uganda.

Types in the Oxford Museum. Bred from larve found by

Dr. Carpenter. First cocoon was spun July 15, 1911, and

the first moth emerged July 26.

Dasychira carpentert, sp. n.

g. Primaries very pale grey, with a dark basal line, highly

dentate ; a double irregular median line, enclosing a whitish

space in which is a dark dot; the outer line is highly scal-

loped ; beyond this is another interrupted serrate line; cell

closed by a dark crescent, with a small spot in the crescent,

above which and slightly further out is a dark costal patch,

followed by a double crenulate postmedian line ; termen with

an irregular series of dark spots; the wing is dusted a good

deal with very fine brownish scales. Secondaries straw-

- yellow, with a broad darkish border tapering down to the

anal angle.

@. Similar to the male, but darker grey, with the lines

less prominent and with the crescent-shaped mark closing the

cell developed into a fair-sized spot.

Ann, & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xii. 5

66 On new Species of African Heterocera.

Expanse, ¢ 40, 2 50 mm.

Hab. Damba Island, Uganda.

Types in the Oxford Museum.

The male and female were captured in copulé by Dr.G. D. H.

Carpenter in the first half of June, 1911, on the shore on the

E. side of Damba Island. Dr. Carpenter has also bred a

series of seven specimens from Jarvee taken on Damba Island.

Cocoons were first spun June 3, 1911, and the first moth

emerged June 13. Three specimens, apparently of this

species, exist unnamed in the British Museum. The locality

given is Ilesha, N. Nigeria.

Agaristide.

Schausia flavifrons, sp. n.

&. Both wings black, with white patches. Primaries

with a white basal point; a small white subovate patch in

the cell; a large, long, oblong postmedian patch ; a leaden

basal stripe; a very oblique leaden stripe across the hinder

third of the cell; cell closed with a leaden crescent ; an

oblique leaden subapical stripe and a trace of one below the

costa. Secondaries with a large subhyaline white central

patch to well beyond the cell. Palpi, frons, collar, and

pectus bright orange.

Expanse 48 mm.

Hab. Mombasa.

Type in the Oxford Museum. Collected by the Rev. K.

St. A. Rogers on March 13, 1906.

Lasiocampide.

Gastroplakeis idakum, sp. n.

@. Head, face, and terminal segments of abdomen pale

orange-grey ; thorax and abdomen pale ochreous grey, the

latter being the paler. Primaries pale ochreous grey, irro-

rated finely with darker grey ; costa finely ashen grey, with

an enlarged ashen area in front of the apex ; a trace of a fine

grey, crenulate, median line ; the fine, very oblique, crenulate

postmedian line is grey, and is followed by an irregular very

oblique line of grey shading; a blackish spot closes the cell.

Secondaries unitorm pale straw-colour.

Expanse 60 mm.

Hab. Idakun, 4 miles N.W. of Oni Camp (Lagos district).

Type in the Oxford Museum. The larve were found by

W. A. Lamborn on the 2nd of February, 1912; they spun

On new Fishes from the Nyong River. 67

their cocoons on the 7th, and emerged on the 23rd of March

in that year.

Mr. Lamborn’s note, dated 24th March, 1912, is as

follows :—“The larve were pale green in colour, with a

median longitudinal black band on the dorsal aspect, and

they were covered with short hairs. The thoracic legs were

brilliant scarlet. When one touched a larva it suddenly

threw back the anterior portion of its body, bringing the

ventral surface uppermost, so that the legs were prominently

displayed. They were then quivered violently.”

Three larvee, all of the same age, were found on one small

plant, growing at the side of a forest-path.

Zygenide.

Saliunca egeria, sp. n.

3. Head, antennz, thorax, and abdomen black ; patagia

chestnut-brown. Primaries chestnut-brown, rather darker on

the fold and towards the termen ; a long, dusky, wedge-shaped

mark between veins 5 and 8, rapidly tapering through the

cell. Secondaries uniform sooty brown.

Expanse 30 mm.

Hab. Bugalla, Sesse Islands, in the N.W. of the Victoria

Nyanza.

Type in the Oxford Museum.

This specimen, the only one seen by Dr. Carpenter, was

captured at rest on a grass-stem, Jan. 21, 1912, in an open

grassy area on the island. Dr, Carpenter notes that at rest

the wings are disposed flat over the back, with costal margins

[? inner margins] loosely apposed. In this attitude the moth

closely resembles some of the Lycid beetles which are common

on the island.

VII.—Descriptions of Four new Fishes discovered by Mr.

G. L. Bates in the Nyong River, S. Cameroon. By G. A.

Bou.enGcer, F.R.S.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Clarias oxycephalus.

Depth of body 6 times in total length, length of head 42

times. Head 13 times as long as broad, tapering in front,

68 Mr. G. A. Boulenger on new

snout obtusely pointed, upper surface smooth; occipital

process angular, as long as broad; frontal fontanelle twice as

long as broad, larger than the occipital fontanelle, which is

anterior to the occipital process; eye 3 times in length of

snout, 41 times in interorbital width, which exceeds width of

mouth and is ? length of head; band of pizmaxillary teeth

34 times as long as broad; vomerine teeth conical, forming

a crescentic band which, in the middle, is a little broader

than the premaxillary band. Nasal barbel as long as head ;

maxillary barbel 1? times as long as head, reaching beyond

ectoral ; inner mandibular barbel 2 length of head, outer 14.

Gill-rakers thick, 16 in number. Clavicles striated, covered

with a thin skin. Dorsa) 100, its distance from occipital

process 4 length of head, very narrowly separated from

caudal. Anal 75, very narrowly separated from caudal.

Pectoral 4 length of head, the spine serrated on both sides

and 3 the length of the fin. Ventral 13 times as distant

from caudal as from end of snout. Caudal 4 length of head.

Uniform olive.

Total length 225 mm.

A single specimen.

‘his new species is to be placed near C. wernert, Bler.,

from which it differs principally in the more pointed snout.

Auchenoglanis longiceps.

Depth of body 6 times in total length, length of head

31 times. Head moderately depressed, nearly twice as long

as broad, its upper surface smooth ; occipital process small,

longer than broad, well separated from the feebly developed

interneural plate ; snout pointed, a little more than } length

of head ; eye supero-lateral, 8 times in length of head, 23

times in interorbital width ; mouth small, inferior, with thick

papillose lips; preemaxillary teeth in a small reniform group.

Maxillary and inner mandibular barbels not quite } length of

head, outer mandibular nearly as long as head. Gill-rakers

moderately long, 6 on lower part of anterior arch. Humeral

process narrow, pointed, smooth. Dorsal I 7; spine strong,

smooth, 2 length of head; longest rays ? length of head.

Adipose dorsal 5 times as long as deep, nearly twice as long

as its distance from rayed dorsal, not extending to root of

caudal. Anal 12 (8 rays branched). Pectoral not reaching

ventral, ventral not reaching anal. Caudal rounded.

Brownish, with round black spots forming four longitudinal

series on the body; belly white ; dorsal and caudal fins with

uumerous round black spots,

Fishes from the Nyong River, S, Cameroon. 69

Total length 200 mm.

A single specimen,

Distinguished from A. ballay?, Sauv., by the longer,

narrower head.

Synodontis steindachneri.

Depth of body 4 times in total length, length of head

3} times. Head 1} times as long as broad, rugose above

behind snout, which is obtusely pointed and as long as post-

ocular part of head ; eye supero-lateral, 5 times in length of

head, 1} times in interorbital width ; lips moderately deve-

loped; premaxillary teeth forming a short and broad band;

movable mandibular teeth 2 diameter of eye, 25 in number.

Maxillary barbel with a broad marginal membrane at base,

as long as head, reaching a little beyond base of pectoral

spine ; outer mandibular barbel about twice as long as inner,

former with long slender branches, latter with ramified

branches. Giull-openings not extending downwards beyond

root of pectoral spine. Occipito-nuchal shield rough like the

occiput, very obtusely tectiform, 1} times as long as broad,

with rounded posterior processes. Humeral process acutely

pointed, longer than broad, granulate, without keel, extending

as far back as occipito-nuchal process, Dorsal 17; spine as

long as head, feebly curved, striated, with feebly retrorse

serre in front in its upper part, strongly serrated behind,

Adipose dorsal 3 times as long as deep, as long as its distance

from rayed dorsal. Anal LV 6, obtusely pointed in front.

Pectoral spine slightly shorter than dorsal, not reaching

ventral, strongly serrated on outer border, very strongly on

inner. Caudal deeply forked, upper lobe the longer. Caudal

peduncle as long as deep. Dark olive-brown, body finely

speckled with black.

Total length 150 mm.

A single specimen.

This species, named in honour of Dr. Steindachner, who

has quite recently contributed to our knowledge of the

fishes of Cameroon, is allied to S, obesus, Blgr., and S. robbi-

anus, J. A. Smith, but distinguished from both by the

shorter maxillary barbel and the shorter adipose fin.

Pelmatochromis caudifasciatus.

Depth of body nearly equal to length of head, 3 to 32

times in total length. Head twice as long as broad ; snout

rounded, with convex upper profile, a little broader than long,

as long as or slightly longer than eye, which is 34 to 34

70 Mr. G. A. Boulenger on Two closely allied

times in length of head, 1 to 1} times in interorbital width,

and a little exceeds preorbital depth ; mouth extending to

between nostril and eye; teeth small, in 3 or 4 series, 40 to

60 in outer series of upper jaw; 3 or 4 series of scales on

the cheek, width of scaly part a little less than diameter of

eye. Gill-rakers short, tubercular, 7 to 9 on lower part of

anterior arch. Dorsal XIV-XVI 9-11; spines increasing

in length to the last, which measures 2 to $ length of head;

longest soft rays shorter than head. Anal III 7-8 ; third

spine as long as last dorsal. Pectoral 2 to ¢ length of head,

not reaching origin of anal. Ventral produced into a fila-

ment, reaching vent, origin of anal, or a little beyond.

Caudal rounded. Caudal pedunele a little deeper than long.

Scales cycloid, 27-29 =** ; lateral lines +. Brown above,

yellowish beneath ; a more or less distinct dark band from

the eye to the root of the caudal, crossed by 7 to 9 rather

faint dark bars, which expand into round black spots where

they meet the lateral band on the caudal part of the body ;

dorsal with round dark spots and a black and white edge ;

anal with round dark spots, which often form oblique bands ;

caudal with numerous dark bars, the upper rays with a black

and white edge ; ventrals white.

Total length 105 mm.

Several specimens. Also obtained by Mr. Bates in the

Ja and Bumbe Rivers.

Very closely allied to P. nigrofasciatus, Pellegr. Distin-

guished by fewer gill-rakers and by the coloration.

VIITl.— On the Presence of Two closely allied Species of Toads

of the Genus Nectophryne in Cameroon. By G. A.

BOULENGER, F.R.S.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

A FEW years ago Mr. G. L. Bates pointed out to me that

two distinct though very closely allied species of Nectophryne

occur together near Bitye, and are to be distinguished by the

shape of the snout. I felt some diffidence at first in pro-

posing a new name for the individuals differing from Peters’s

figure of VV. afra by the shorter and less prominent snout;

but a considerable number of specimens since received from

Mr. Bates compel me to endorse his opinion that the Bitye

specimens should be referred to two species ; the short-snouted

Species of Toads of the Genus Nectophryne. 71

requires a name, than which one recalling its discoverer could

not be more appropriate.

The outline-figures here given sufficiently indicate the

difference between the two species. The snout of N. datesti,

sp. n., is shorter than that of JV. afra, and, seen from below,

projects far less considerably beyond the- mouth; seen in

profile, it is much less obliquely truncate. I have failed to

detect any other differences, but I note that the markings are

subject to much less variation in N. batesii than in N. afra,

and that the belly and the lower surface of the limbs are

always uniform yellow or yellowish white, brown spots or

Head of Nectophryne afra. Head of Nectophryne batesiz.

marblings, if present, being confined to the throat and

breast. Upper parts pale pinkish brown to dark brown, with

three or four more or less distinct darker blotches on the

head and back, one of which often forms a bar on the sacral

region; sides of back often lighter ; a dark band on the loreal

and temporal regions ; hind limbs sometimes with ill-defined

dark cross-bands. ‘The largest specimen measures 25 mm.

from snout to vent.

N. batesii is only known from the neighbourhood of

Bitye, on the Ja River (Congo System), where JV. afra is

also common. Of the latter species I have examined speci-

mens from Spanish Guinea, Cameroon (Kribi, Akok, Efulen,

Zima Country, Bitye), Fernando Po, and Southern Nigeria

(Oban hills).

Bearing in mind that some of the East-African species of

Nectophryne are known to be viviparous, I have opened

several females of both N. afra and N. batesii, the belly of

which was distended with ripe ova; these, of enormously

large size (24 mm. in specimens measuring 20 to 25 mm.

from snout to vent), showed, however, no sign of development.

Mr. Bates has sent me a specimen, a female JZ. batesii with

72 On a new Snake from Eastern Peru.

empty oviducts, found by him at Bitye, Aug. 12, 1909,

under the trough or hollow of a plantain-leaf petiole, crouched

in the midst of a mass of eggs. It is therefore pretty certain

that this species is not viviparous, and that the eggs develop

on land without the young passing through a larval stage.

we = a ee ee

1X.—Description of a new Snake discovered by Mr. A. E.

Pratt in Eastern Peru. By G. A. BouLENGER, F.R.S.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Leptognathus latifasciatus.

Body strongly compressed. ye large, its diameter

double its distance from the oral border. Rostral a little

broader than deep, just visible from above ; internasals half

as long as the prefrontals; frontal slightly broader-than

long, shorter than its distance from the end of the snout,

half as long as the parietals ; nasal divided; loreal as long

as deep, bordering the eye; a preocular, separating the

prefrontal from the eye; two postoculars ; temporals 243

or 1+3; nine upper labials, fourth, fifth, and sixth entering

the eye; first two pairs of lower labials forming a suture

behind the symphysial; three pairs of chin-shields, nearly

as long as broad. Scales in 15 rows, vertebrals strongly

enlarged, but not broader than long. Ventrals 191 ; anal

entire 3 subcaudals 106. Anterior part of body with broad

blackish-brown annuli separated by cream-coloured inter-

spaces two scales in width ; further back the blackish annuli

are interrupted on the belly, and towards the posterior part

of the body they become narrower and white-edged, separated

by broad reddish-brown interspaces ; belly closely speckled

and spotted with blackish-brown, uniform brown behind ;

head dark brown above, with yellowish dots and vermicular

lines; upper lip with narrow white vertical bars,

Total length 430 mm. ; tail 125.

A single specimen, from the Upper Marafion.

Closely allied to ZL. peruana, Boettg., and L. variegata,

D>. eu,

This is the second species of Leptognathus discovered by

Mr. Pratt, a L. pratti, from the Andes of Colombia, having

been described by me in these ‘ Annals’ in 1897.

On an Abnormality in Echinus esculentus. 73

X.—WNote on an interesting Abnormality in Echiuus escu-

lentus. By Hersert L. Hawkins, M.Sc., F.G.S., Lecturer

in Geology, University College, Reading.

Durine the preparation of a series of young Echini collected

at Port Erin, Isle of Man, a small specimen of EL. esculentus

was found with an abnormal development of considerable

interest. Abnormalities often give indications of morpho-

logical features that are not apparent in normal cases—

a fact that has been shown recently by Jackson (‘ Phylogeny

of the Echini,’ Boston, 1912). He gives an analysis of the

various types of abnormality commonly found, and the case

here described seems to correspond with his “progressive”

series.

The specimen is not quite circular—this disturbance of

symmetry being a frequent indication of some more deep-

seated irregularity. The peristome is not central, although

neither in this case nor in that of the ambital outline is the

departure from the normal very noticeable. The diameters

of the test, taken from the middles of the ambulacra to the

middles of the opposite interambulacra, are :—

mm,

Siar sheep arsine Quin ha sip ie 24:75

BY se 9 ates Norma dials are Bes 24:0

WE ae Catrncee meres woo 24:5

TS es Se rs Sabha has he 5 24:0

Mina State Wakt Gea etistire Ske 24°25

The distance of the peristome from the ambitus is 7°5 mm.

in area 3 and 6°5 mm. in I.

From the adapical surface no special irregularity (other

than the elliptical outline) can be seen, the apical system

being perfectly normal. An adcral view shows that inter-

ambulacrum 3 is very narrow at the peristome-margin,

ambulacra III. and LV. almost meeting across it. A closer

examination shows that the interambulacrum is composed of

a single plate at the peristomial end. All the other four

areas are normally double throughout.

In all Regular Echinoids whose early postlarval develop-

ment is known the interambulacra originate as single plates,

This was admirably shown by Lovén for Cidaris (‘ Echino-

logica,’ 1892). The single plate is early lost by resorption.

It might be thought, therefore, that in interambulacrum 3

of this specimen the primitive plate had not been resorbed

in the usual way. But this seems not to be the case. A

74 Mr. H. L. Hawkins on an interesting

comparison of the plans of the two neighbouring areas with

that of the area affected (fig. 1) shows that in all three there

are the same number of plates in each column (if the single

one is counted as belonging to both columns). Supposing

that the single interambulacral only has been resorbed in the

Fig. 1.

Plans of one abnormal and two normal interambulacral areas of

Echinus esculentus.

Part of perignathic girdle of abnormal Echinus esculentus,

normal areas, then the abnormal area must have developed

two such plates in succession, one having been lost in due

course. Such a development might be regarded as arrested

(towards Bothriocidaris) or progressive (towards some ad-

vanced Spatangoids). In view of the effect of the abnor-

Abnormality in Echinus esculentus. 75

mality on the perignathic girdle, I am inclined to refer it to

the latter category.

There is no further abnormality in interambulacrum 3, as

a comparison of the tuberculation of the three areas (fig. 1)

shows.

The most interesting feature of the specimen is the effect

produced by the abnormality on the perignathic girdle.

When the specimen was cut in half, the girdle showed the

features indicated in fig. 2. The two ambulacral processes

of the auricles bordering on interambulacrum 3 have coalesced

in the absence of the separating ridge, the joint product

showing traces of amedian suture. The other two processes

of the auricles affected are practically normal, but do not

meet their fused fellows quite regularly, though connected

to them.

At first sight the compound “ process” derived from the

two fused auricular elements suggests a comparison with the

interradial auricle of Cidaris. There can, however, be no

doubt that this resemblance is deceptive. Both sides rise

chiefly from the ambulacra, thus being true “ processes” in

the sense of Duncan, as distinct from ridges. But they

both rest im part on the single interambulacral plate, on

to which they have apparently transgressed from the

ambulacra.

Now in the Clypeastroida the first single interambulacral

plate is retained throughout life (in the absence of any

important peristomial resorption), and the auricle is inter-

radial in position. H.L. Clark has recently shown that the

apparently single auricle of Echinocyamus is in reality a

double structure, composed of two species which seem to

have migrated from an ambulacral position. Here, then, in

an area of Echinus in which a single plate is abnormally

retained, we find developed a perignathic structure which is

strictly comparable with that of the far more highly

specialized Clypeastroida, The abnormality is thus clearly

shown to be progressive in tendency.

It is fairly certain that Hchinus is in no way ancestral to

the Clypeastroids, although in many respects it resembles

their ancestors more than they. Echinus is then, in many

structures, retarded in evolution when compared with the

accelerated features of Echinocyamus. We find in this

specimen that an accidental similarity in one structure

between two originally homogenetic but widely divergent

groups gives rise to a corresponding convergence of character

in another structure. This fact lends support to the view I

have recently put forward (Geol Mag., May 1913) that the

76 Mr. W. L. Distant on

evolution of structure is often to some degree independent

of that of the complete organism.

Unfortunately the lantern was destroyed before the interest

of the specimen was appreciated.

The specimen is now in the Zoological Museum of

University College, Reading (registered no. 535).

XI.—Descriptions of new Species belonging to the Homo-

pterous Family Cicadide. By W. L. Distant.

Toba bequaerti, sp. n.

Head, pronotum, and mesonotum olivaceous; head with

the area of the ocelli connected with the lateral margins by

an oblique fascia, and a spot at anterior angles before front

black; pronotum with two central spots (one on anterior

margin, the other on inner edge of broad posterior margin),

the fissures, and a basal spot to the lateral angulated ex-

pansions; mesonotum with two small obconical spots on

anterior margin, and a central elongate spot black ; abdomen

above testaceous, first and second segments almost entirely

and basal margins of remaining segments piceous ; body

beneath more or less olivaceous; a large transverse spot

connecting face with eyes, apex of face, clypeus, about apical

half of rostrum, tarsi, and central transverse segmental spots

to abdomen black ; tegmina semiopaque, talc-like, base to a

little beyond basal cell fuscous, thence to about basal third

greyish opaque, the veins brownish ochraceous or violaceous,

transverse veins at bases of apical areas and a double series

of small spots near apices of apical veins fuscous, a trans-

verse fuscous spot at apex of and beyond radial area, the

costal membrane more or less virescent; wings palely

greyishly opaque, the basal and apical areas fuscous, the

veins greyish, the membrane pale hyaline; head frontally

produced, not truncate, above about as long as pronotum

(excluding its posterior margin), longitudinally impressed on

the area of the ocelli, prominently pilose before front and

behind eyes; pronotum with its lateral margins medially

angularly expanded, the angular apices reaching nearly to

the apices of basal cells of tegmina; rostrum reaching the

posterior coxe ; opercula slightly overlapping internally, not

extending beyond base of abdomen; posterior tibiz longly

spinulose.

new Species of Cicadidse. 77

Long., excl. tegm., 3, 27 mm.; exp. tegm. 80 mm.

Hab. Belgian Congo, Sankisia (Dr. Bequaert, Mus.

Congo Belge).

Allied to I. horizontalis, Karsch, from which it differs by

the less produced and less angulate lateral pronotal margins,

the narrower, more elongate, “and attenuate tegmina, &e.

Munza sudanensis, sp. n.

Head with the front and vertex piceous, the basal margin

of the latter ochraceous ; pronotum ochraceous, a central

longitudinal fascia, which is widened at base and apex, and

the fissures piceous or black; mesonotum ochraceous, with

four obconical spots on anterior margin, of which the two

central ones are moderate in size and the outermost ones

much the longest, the area in front of the cruciform elevation

and the apical angles of the latter piceous or black ; abdomen

above pale fuscous, with a central longitudinal testaceous

fascia and the extreme posterior segmental margins ochra-

ceous, abdomen beneath without the central fascia ; sternum,

legs, and opercula ochraceous ; face ochraceous, its anterior

area and a central longitudinal fascia black and with two

contiguous ochraceous spots at anterior margin; rostrum

reaching the abdominal margin, its apex black; tegmina

fuscous brown, about apical half of radial area, the centres

of two upper ulnar areas and spots to remaining ulnar areas,

an oblique macular fascia crossing apical areas, and spots on

apical margin greyish white, semiopaque, and talc-like ; wings

ochraceous, their apical and posterior margins fuscous, the

membrane hyaline ; head (including eyes) about as wide as

base of mesonotum, not frontally produced, more or less

truncate ; outer and posterior membranal margin to wings

broad, about one-third their length ; opercula in male

reaching base of abdomen, their margins rounded, their inner

angles not meeting but distinctly separate.

Long., excl. tegm., ¢, 18 mm.; exp. tegm. 50 mm.

Hab. Anglo-Egyptian Sudan; Benemana River, Yei to

Meredi, Lado District (Brit. Mus.).

Allied to M, basimacula, Walk., but with the opercula

distinctly separated, not overlapping as in Walker’s species ;

pattern of tegmina also different.

Platypleura schoutedent, sp. n.

Head, pronotum, and mesonotum ochraceous, with black

markings ; head with two transverse fascize, one above the

insertions of the antenne, the other between the upper

78 Mr. W. L. Distant on

margins of the eyes and including the area of the ocelli, and

the hind margins to the eyes; pronotum with the anterior

and subposterior margins, 2 central longitudinal fascia, and

the fissures ; mesonotum with four obconical spots, the two

central ones of which are smallest and the two lateral ones

largest, and a large cruciform spot in front of the cruciform

elevation, black ; abdomen above black, the posterior seg-

mental margins narrowly ochraceous; head beneath and

sternum ochraceous, with black markings; a _ transverse

fascia between the eyes crossing upper area of face, central

sulcation to face, lateral areas of clypeus, and base of pro-

sternum black ; opercula and abdomen beneath piceous, the

posterior segmental margins ochraceous; tegmina semi-

hyaline, talc-like, basal area (including basal cell), an oblique

fascia at about one-fourth from base, a more curved fascia

near middle, a short inwardly oblique fascia before apex, and

a double series of small obscure spots near the apices of

longitudinal veins to apical areas pitchy black ; wings

fulvous, the veins on posterior area and a broad outer

margin not reaching the outer membrane, black ; rostrum

with its apex piceous and slightly passing the posterior

coxe; opercula slightly extending beyond anterior margin

of basal abdominal segment at its lateral angles, lateral

and posterior margins oblique, their interior angles rather

strongly overlapping ; face broadly, centrally, longitudinally

sulcate, the lateral areas strongly transversely striate.

Long., excl. tegm., ¢ 23, 9 19 mm.; exp. tegm., ¢ 70,

2 65 mm.

Hab. Belgian Congo Region, Kalengwe and Sankisia (Dr.

Bequaert, Congo and Brit. Muss.).

Allied to P. severini, Dist., and P. laticeps, Karsch.

Var.—Resembling typical P. schoutedeni, but differing

principally in the coloration of the wings, in which the black

outer margin is much broader, the base also of the same

colour, thus restricting the fulvous coloration to a quad-

rangular discal spot ; the tegmina have the spots near the

apices of longitudinal veins to apical areas larger and more

distinct.

Brit. Centr. Africa; Zomba (H. S. Stannus, Brit. Mus.).

Platypleura seraphina.

Platypleura seraphina, Dist. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1905, p. 193.

I described this species from a specimen received from

French Guinea, the type of which is in the Paris Museum.

The British Museum now possesses a specimen taken in

Uganda (Polebek) by Mr. W. P. Lowe.

new Species of Cicadide. 79

Platypleura maritzburgensis, sp. n.

Head, pronotum, and mesonotum brownish ochraceous ;

eyes black; mesonotum with four obconical spots, the

central pair shortest ; abdomen above black, a central longi-

tudinal fascia (widest at base) brownish ochraceous, apical

segment greyish ; body beneath and legs brownish ochra-

ceous, the opercula cretaceously tomentose ; tegmina opaque,

greyish brown, with darker mottlings, basal area more

brownish ochraceous, costal membrane ochraceous, an ill-

defined, obscure, greyish macular fascia commencing at

middle of upper ulnar area and terminating on lower apical

area ; wings brownish ochraceous, outer membrane greyish,

the apex and outer margin piceous ; pronotal lateral margins

rounded, not angulate; rostrum reaching the posterior

coxe, its apex black ; face broadly but not deeply longitu-

dinally centrally sulcate, its lateral areas transversely ridged ;

opercula in ¢ almost meeting internally, their lateral and

posterior margins rounded.

Long., excl. tegm., ¢, 15 mm.; exp. tegm. 44 mm.

Hab. Natal; Maritzburg (Z. Warren, Natal and Brit.

Muss.).

Allied to P. deusta, Thunb.

Platypleura nigrosignata, sp. n.

Head, pronotum, and mesonotum pale ochraceous; head

with a transverse fascia between the eyes, basal margin of

front, inner margins of eyes, and a linear marginal spot to

vertex above the insertion of antenne black; pronotum with

the sublateral margins and three small central spots—one

near anterior margin and two near posterior margin—black ;

mesonotum with four obconical spots, of which the central

two are smallest, a central longitudinal lanceolate spot, and

a rounded spot at anterior angles of cruciform elevation

black ; abdomen above black, with greyish and ochraceous

pile, tympanal coverings fulvous; body beneath thickly

greyishly pilose; anterior margin of head between face and

eyes, face, and abdomen beneath black, the transverse facial

ridges, coxe, legs, rostrum, opercula, and posterior segmental

margins more or less ochraceous; tegmina more or less

fulvous, a transverse fascia beyond middle, and a subapical

patch a little darker; these dark markings are margined

with greyish, basal cell shining Slack ; wings ochraceous, a

discal fascia crossing the bases of the upper five apical areas

and the apical and posterior margins castaneous; head

se?

80 On new Species of Cicadidee.

somewhat short and broad; face profoundly centrally

longitudinally sulcate, the transverse ridges prominent ;

rostrum reaching the posterior coxe, its apex black; oper-

cula not passing base of abdomen, meeting at their inner

angles, lateral and apical margins oblique, the former mode-

rately sinuate.

Long., excl. tegm., 3 20 mm.; exp. tegm. 60 mm.

Hab. Indo-China (R. Vitalis).

Allied to P. mira, Dist., from Laos.

Champaka celebensis, sp. 1.

Body above shining castaneous brown, more or less ochra-

ceously pilose ; area of the ocelli black; pronotum with a

central longitudinal fascia (widened anteriorly and poste-

riorly) and the fissures dark castaneous, the. lateral and basal

marginal areas somewhat olivaceous ; mesonotum with four

obscure dark obconical spots, the central two smallest ;

abdomen with an obscure, central, longitudinal, narrow,

pilose fascia ; head beneath, sternum, and opercula dull,

Opaque, ochraceous ; face and legs castaneous, femora black

or dark castaneous, their apices, and the basal area of the

anterior femora ochraceous ; abdomen beneath shining,

brownish ochraceous ; tegmina and wings hyaline, the vena-

tion more or less olivaceous ; tegmina with the extreme base,

basal cell, and costal membrane more or less olivaceous, the

transverse veins at the bases of second, third, fifth, and

seventh apical areas, and the posterior longitudinal vein to

seventh apical area broadly darkly infuscate ; head (including

eyes) considerably wider than base of mesonotum ; abdomen

long, length of head equal to space between eyes; rostrum

slightly passing the posterior coxte ; opercula almost reaching

the posterior margins of the second abdominal segment,

attenuated towards apices, which are roundly subacute,

widely separated internally; anterior femora with two long

and strong spines and a shorter spine near apex.

Long., excl. tegm., ¢, 53-60 mm.; exp. tegm. 135-

140 mm.

Hab. N.W. Celebes.

Allied to C. viridimaculata, Dist., but differing by the

larger opercula, different maculation to the tegmina, and

absence of the green basal coloration to same, &c.

Two specimens are in theeBrit. Mus., presented by Dr. de

Giacomi.

On new Species of Histeridee. 81

Huechys fascialis, Walk. Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond., Zool. i.

p- 142 (1859).

The type of this species has not been found in the British

Museum. ‘The collection of which it formed part originally

belonged to Mr. W. Wilson Saunders, though it afterwards

passed into the National Collection. Even now I cannot

exactly determine it, though we possess a series of specimens

from Borneo that nearly answer to the description and which

I think must be taken as representing it. But in these

the abdomen is piceous brown, not black, and with the

segmental margins pale testaceous. The front, face, and

mesonotal spots are ochraceous rather than testaceous

as described.

XII.—On new Species of Histeride and Notices of others.

By G. Lewis, F.L.S.

[Plate II.]

Tuis is the thirty-ninth paper of this series, and as the types

of the Histeridee described by the late Rev. T. Blackburn are

now in the Natural History Museum I have been able to give

figures of four very interesting Australian species. Of the

genus Chlamydopsis and its allies there are now twenty-nine

species known.

List of Species, arranged generically.

Hister omar. Pheidoliphila sternalis, Blackd.

Atholus ruptistrius. Chlamydopsis inquilina, Lew,

Pachycrerus curtistriatus. — comata, Blackb.

punctipennis. ineequalis, Blackb.

Aristomorphus, gen, nov. —— pygidialis, Blackb.

rutilus, —— papue.

Hetzerius carinistrius. Saprinus felipe.

Fister omar, sp. n.

Breviter ovatus, convexus, niger, nitidus; fronte obscure punctu-

lata, stria integra, antice bisinuata; thorace stria marginali

integra, stria laterali utrinque abbreviata; elytris striis 1-4

integris, 5-6 ultra medium abbreviatis ; propygidio pygidioque

minutissime punctulatis; prosterno antice obtuse acuminato ;

mesosterno fere recto, stria tenuiter impressa; tibiis anticis

4-dentatis,

L. 43 mill.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8.. Vol. xii. 6

§2 Mr. G. Lewis on

Shortly oval, convex, black, and shining; forehead ob-

scurely punctulate, with two shallow impressions close to the

stria, stria complete and bisinuous anteriorly ; the thorax,

marginal stria fine and complete, lateral stria well marked,

shortened before the base, and anteriorly hamate and ceasing

behind the anterior angle; the elytra, subhumeral stria

wanting, 1-4 dorsal complete, 5 reaches just beyond the

middle, 6 is a little longer ; the pygidia have microscopic

punctures, with some of a larger grade intermixed ; the pro-

sternum, anterior lobe bistriate and obtusely acuminate at its

point and slightly bent downwards; the mesosternum is

anteriorly nearly straight, but slightly prominent in the

middle, the marginal stria is complete but very fine; the

anterior tibis, apical tooth very robust and minutely bifid at

the apex, with three minute teeth behind it; the other tibie

are multispinous.

The lateral stria of the thorax in this species is a marked

characteristic ; it may be placed near H. terremotus, Lew.

Hab. Madura, 8S. India.

Atholus ruptistrius, sp. 0.

Ovalis, convexus, niger, nitidus; fronte biimpressa, stria integra

retrorsum angulata; pronoto stria marginali antice late inter-

rupta, stria interna pone oculos interrupta ; elytris striis integris,

5 cum suturali connexa; propygidio haud dense punctato ; meso-

sterno truncato, marginato; tibiis anticis 3-dentatis.

L, 4 mill.

Oval, convex, black, and shining; the forehead, surface

punctulate, with two shallow impressions behind the stria,

stria acuminate in the middle; the thorax irregularly pune-

tured at the anterior angles within the stria, marginal stria

ceases behind the eyes, lateral stria is markedly broken

behind the eyes, but it is continued in a straight line with

roughened edges behind the head, towards the base the stria

is feebly sinuous and the interstice somewhat widens; the

elytra, stri, inner subhumeral dimidiate and apical, the

dorsal striz are all complete, 5 and sutural join anteriorly ;

the pygidia are clearly but not closely punctate ; the pro-

sternal keel is narrow; the mesosternum is truncate and the

stria complete; the anterior tibiz 3-dentate.

The form of the inner thoracic stria distinguishes this

species from its congeners coalescens, 14-striatus, and others.

he inner stria resembles that drawn by Marseul for Platy-

soma carolinum, Mon. pl. vii. fig. 14 (1853), but the stria is

’

new Species of Histeride. 83

not interrupted in carolinum as figured by Marseul; Paykull’s

figure, Mon. pl. x. fig. 2, is good and correct.

Hab. Uganda, Central Africa.

Pachycrerus curtistriatus, sp. n.

Ovalis, parum convexus, niger, nitidus; fronte impressa, stria

integra; pronoto lateribus punctato, stria marginali antice late

interrupta ; elytris, striis 1-3 integris, 4 et suturali dimidiatis,

5 fere dimidiata; propygidio pygidioque punctatis; prosterno

striis brevissimis ; mesosterno antice marginato.

L. 33 mill.

Oval, a little convex, black, and shining ; the head very

finely punctulate, frontal stria complete, with a shallow im-

pression behind it; the thorax, marginal stria fine and not

continuing behind the head, punctured laterally with some

large points and some very fine, disc with only the fine

points ; the elytra, strize 1-3 complete, 4 and sutural dimi-

diate, the fourth has a basal linear appendage, 5 is rather

shorter than the fourth ; the pygidia are rather coarsely and

somewhat closely punctured ; the prosternum, striz short

and only intercoxal; the mesosternum is distinctly bordered ;

the anterior tibiz are 5—6-denticulate.

This species is the only one known which has short pro-

sternal intercoxal strie.

fab. Zambise (H. Swale).

Pachycrerus punctipennis, sp. ni.

Oblongo-ovatus, convexus, niger, nitidus; fronte impressa; pro-

noto punctato, stria marginali integra; elytris striis 1-4 integris,

5 nulla, suturali integra basi hamata, disco punctato; propygidio

haud dense punctato ; tibiis anticis 5—6-dentatis,

L. 3 mill.

Oblong-oval, convex, black, and shining; the forehead

impressed in the middle behind the stria, stria well marked

at the sides, anteriorly it is sinuous and not so clearly

defined, on the surface anteriorly there are a few microscopic

points and along the base of the head there are large scattered

punctures ; the thorax is evenly not closely punctate, mar-

ginal stria complete, behind the head the stria is fine and

irregularly crenate; the elytra, strie 1-4 complete, with

more or less crenate edges, and the fourth is punctiform in

the apical half, 5 is wanting, sutural is complete and hamate

at the base, turning away from the scutellum, the interstice

§*

84 Mr. G. Lewis on

between the fourth and sutural stria is markedly punctate,

some of the punctures are lineal in their arrangement and

may represent the fifth stria ; the pygidia are distinctly and

evenly but not very closely punctate ; the prosternum, striz

are almost parallel, but widen out very slightly to the base,

joining anteriorly only; the mesosternum, marginal stria

complete and rather fine, at the basal angles of the meta-

sternum there is a cluster of punctures; the anterior tibiz are

5—6-dentate.

The dorsal punctuation of this species is its most distinctive

character ; in outline it resembles P. modestus, Lew.

Hab. Nyasaland.

ARISTOMORPHUS, gen. nov.

Corpus oblongum, subdepressum ; caput declivum, fronte a clypeo

haud distincta, antice late emarginata; pronotum antice angus-

tatum, fossa antennali sub angulo ; elytra striatis, angulis antice

prominentibus ; prosternum compressum prominulum haud stria-

tum, lobo antico acuminato; mesosternum breve, pedibus sat

longis, spinulosis, fossa tarsali fere recta.

Aristomorphus rutilus, sp. n. (Pl. II. fig. 7.)

Oblong, piceous, highly polished, slightly convex above ;

legs reddish brown ; the head is declivous, forehead, anterior

edge (? clypeus) is widely emarginate, with the angles obtuse

and the margin thickened and microscopically rugose, vertex

is grooved and pitted and has a median tuft of flavous

bristles ; the thorax is narrowest anteriorly, lateral edges

with strong flavous bristles, anterior margin has a very fine

stria close to the edge, behind it is a second stria which is

fine and close to the marginal stria behind the head, but the

interstice widens out behind the thoracic angles and is more

marked and punctiform, the anterior angles of the thorax

are produced similarly to those noted on the head, the base

has a fine stria which is close to the edge opposite the scu-

tellum, but gradually leaves it, forming an inverted arch

until its ends are lost in the basal depressions, there are two

very shallow impressions behind the eyes and two near the

basal angles of irregular outline, and there is a longitudinal

cluster of small punctures behind the middle of the neck;

the elytra, inner humeral stria very fine and complete, first

dorsal well marked and bending inwards towards the base,

2 or 3 sinuous in the dorsal area, and all have wide inter-

stices and are finely punctate in the apical half, and the

new Species of Histeridee. 85

interstices are obscurely reddish, the other dorsal strisw are

wanting ; the propygidium is transversely punctured along

its basal half, the posterior half is smooth; the pygidium is

reddish, convex and oblong, it is twice as long as broad and

impunctate ; the prosternum, keel is very narrow and smooth

and acuminate anteriorly ; the mesosternum has two patches

of ferruginous bristles, well separated from each other, on

its posterior border ; the first segment of the abdomen has a

punctate stria along its posterior margin ; the legs, the tibia

are a little dilated with fine bristles on the outer edges, which

are bowed, not angulate, the tarsal grooves are nearly straight,

and the upper surfaces of all the tibie are finely and closely

puncticulate.

L. 22 mill.

Hab. Corcovado, Rio Janeiro (G. F. Bryant). Taken

while flying, 14th May, 1912.

Type in the British Museum.

Heterius carinistrius, sp. n.

Breviter ovatus, nitidus, piceo-brunneus, supra setosus; fronte

impressa, dense puncticulata, margine elevata; pronoto trans-

verso, margine Jaterali late incrassato ; elytris striis 1-2 integris,

basi carinatis, 3-4 apice abbreviatis, basi leviter carinatis, mar-

gine postice minute rugosis; propygidio parum dense puncticu-

latis ; tibiis angulato-dilatatis.

L. 2 mill,

Shortly oval, pitchy brown, setose; the forehead opaque

and densely puncticulate, edges elevated ; the thorax is trans-

verse, with an oblique lateral suleus and a broad thickened

margin punctured and a little opaque, broadest anteriorly and

slightly sinuous on its outer edge before the base, at the base

there is a small elongate elevation and within the sulcus is a

basal fovea, the disc is smooth ; the elytra, first dorsal stria

is complete and distinctly carinate, especially at the base,

second complete but less carinate and only at the base, third

and fourth striz are shortened apically and again are less

carinate, the apical margin is narrowly and finely rugose ;

the propygidium is reddish and finely but rather densely

punctulate ; the pygidium is almost smooth, with a micro-

scopic strigosity at the apex, reddish ; the prosternum, striz

widen out at the base and are sinuous before the coxe, and

do not meet anteriorly, being lost in the dense rugosity of the

anterior surface of the keel, the sculpture of the keel gradually

lessens in density to the base; the mesosternal fovee are

deep ; the tibia are dilated, especially the intermediate and

86 Mr. G. Lewis on

posterior pair,-and both of these are angulate in the middle,

the posterior pair are slightly the broadest.

In H. brunnetpennis the prosternal striz are short and very

markedly meet in front; in H. blanchardi they are very

similar to carintstrdus and the tibie are also equally angulate.

Hab. Hartford, Connecticut (K. G. Blair).

This is the first species discovered on the eastern border of

the United States. A single example only in the British

Museum.

Chlamydopsis papue, sp.n. (Pl. LI. fig. 6.)

Piceous, above densely and strongly sculptured, a little

shining ; the head roughly sculptured with two obscure bow-

shaped elevations in the median area ; the thorax also densely

sculptured, the form of the sculpture being distinctly reticu-

late, the interspaces being elongate or oblong (fig. 6 a), the

anterior edge in the middle is slightly raised and minutely

roughened and on each side are two robust dentations, the

antennal fosse lying under the spaces between them, on the

vertex there is an obscure bipartite tubercle; the elytra, the

elevations of the scutellar region are lobe-shaped and trans-

versely not quite so wide as those figured by Lea for exca-

vata, behind the shoulder there is a deep pit which is joined

to the corresponding one by a narrow channel passing close

to the scutellar elevations, the general surface is sculptured

like the thorax, the suture has a fine geminous marginal stria ;

the pygidia are densely reticulate, but the interspaces are

circular or oval, the apex of the pygidium is smooth ; the

prosternum and mesosternum are densely sculptured like

the head, the anterior lobe of the first has a sinuous edge and

the marginal stria widens out anteriorly after passing the

coxe, the mesosternum is margined in front; the meta-

sternum is distinctly marked from the mesosternum and has

only a single line of punctures along its anterior edge, other-

wise itis smooth; the first segment of the abdomen has a

row of points anteriorly widely set apart and the posterior

edge has a narrow border-line of points which widens out on

either side; the tibie are slightly dilated and angulate on

the outer edge, the anterior and median pair are markedly

sculptured, the posterior pair much less so.

Hab. Laloki, Papua (#. Muir, 1910).

One example in the British Museum.

Chlamydopsis inquilina, Lew., 1885. (PI. II. fig. 2.)

The keel of the prosternum has a very few shallow and

new Species of Histeride. 87

irregular punctures; the meso- and metasterna are somewhat

opaque, but are impunctate, with a microscopic strigosity.

Saprinus felipe, sp. n.

Ovatus, niger, nitidus ; fronte grosse punctata, stria antice tenuiter

impressa ; pronoto lateribus punctato, stria marginali integra ;

elytris striis 1-4 dimidiatis, interstitiis levibus, postice punctatis ;

propygidio pygidioque dense punctatis, hoc in medio anguste

evi.

L. 9 mill.

Oval, convex, black, and shining ; the head and epistoma

markedly and densely punctate, stria rather obscurely marked

anteriorly ; the thorax, marginal stria complete, and along

the sides is a band of coarse punctures, points largest and

most dense behind the anterior angle, along the-base there is

a narrow border of points which do not quite reach the

scutellar region ; the elytra are striate and similar to those

of dugens, Er. (Mars. Mon. fig. 34), but their interstices are

smooth, the dorsal punctuation is limited to about half the

area between the sutural stria (which is shortened anteriorly)

and the fourth stria, and outwardly the punctures occupy less

space, not encroaching on the strie; the pygidia are closely

punctured, the pygidium has a medium smooth line and at

the sides a carinate margin; the prosternum, the striz are

complete, joining at both ends, and widen out before the

middle, and are angulate at the widening ; the mesosternum,

marginal stria lightly impressed but complete, and the suture

indicated by punctures.

This species is larger than 8. lugens, Er., and it is easily

distinguished from it by three characters, viz. the interstices

of the dorsal strize are smooth, the pygidium has a smooth

median line, and the prosternal striz are angulate near the

middle.

Hab. Alpine, Texas (Wickham) ; August 16th.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE II.

Fig. 1. Pheidoliphila sternalis, Blackhb,

Fig. 2. Chlamydopsis inquilina, Lew.

Fig. 3. comata, Blackb.

tg. 4. —— inequalis, Blackh.

Fig. 5. —— pygidialis, Blackb,

Fig. 6. papue, Lew, 6a. Thoracic sculpture.

Fig. 7. Aristomorphus rutilus, Lew.

88 Mr. O. Thomas on some

XIII.—Some new Fere from Asia and Africa.

By OLpFIELD THOMAS.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Hipposideros lylei, sp. n.

A large species related to H. pratti, Thos.

Size rather less than in HZ. pratt?. General characters of

the H. armiger group, including the long feet, development

of a posterior transverse crest behind the normal nose-leaf,

and the uninflated forehead of the skull. Nose-leaf similar

on the whole to that of ZH. pratt’, but the supplementary

transverse posterior crust higher, attaining 5 mm. at its

highest point on each side of its median cleft, and less

heavily haired, but the increase in height may perhaps be due

to sex ; normal transverse crest similarly high in the centre,

sloping down laterally, its front surface divided by a promi-

nent median and two indistinct lateral ridges ; anterior

horseshoe much more deeply notched in front, the median

notch nearly 2 mm. in depth, the horseshoe on each side of

it forming two forwardly projecting lappets, outside which

again there are two shallower notches, unknown elsewhere in

the genus. ars rather narrower than in pratt’. Tibi and

feet very long and slender.

General colour dull buffy or clay-colour, washed with

brown.

Skull similar in its general characters to that of H. pratti

as opposed to those of H. diadema and armiger ; but it is

smaller throughout, the sagittal crest (though of a male as

compared with a female) less developed and less abruptly rising

above the forehead ; area of forehead smaller and not quite

so flat, the median part above the anterior nares slightly

elevated, while its postero-lateral portion is somewhat concave

internal to the well-marked supraorbital edges. Posterior

palate more deeply excavated mesially. Teeth similar in

general characters, but smaller throughout.

Dimensions of the type :—

Forearm 78 mm.

Ear 27 x 21 ; third finger, metacarpal 54, first phalanx 25 ;

lower leg and hind foot (c. u.) 51.

Skull: greatest length to front of canine 29 ; basi-sinual

length 18-7; zygomatic breadth 16 ; interorbital breadth 9°6 ;

mastoid breadth 14; front of canine to back of m® 11:2;

three upper molars together 6°4 ; three lower molars 10°6.

new Fere from Asia and Africa. 89

Hab. N. Siam, Type from the Chiengdao Cave, 50 miles

north of Chiengmai. Alt. 350 m.

Type. Adult male (skin in spirit). B.M. no. 13. 4. 18. 3.

Collected January 1913. Presented by Th. H. Lyle, Hsq.,

H.B.M. Consul at Chiengmai.

The Sze-chwan Hipposideros pratti being as yet only

known from the type specimen, a female, and the present

example being a male, it at first sight seemed possible that

we had here the unknown male of that species. But further

examination shows such differences as to render this im-

possible, notably the smaller general size, the much smaller

teeth (this in a male as compared with a female), and the

development of the pendant lappets at the front edge of the

horseshoe, not at all likely to be a sexual character.

‘The type-specimen was obtained in a cave in company

with examples of #7. armiger, as also happened curiously

enough with the type of HZ. pratt?.

This adds another to the many new Siamese mammals

discovered by Mr. Lyle, and I have had great pleasure in

connecting bis name with it.

Rhinopoma cystops arabium, subsp. n.

Like the Egyptian FR. cystops in all essential characters,

but size averaging larger.

Occipito-nasal lengths :—

Mt. Quarantaria, Palestine (Zristram): 15:7, 14°9,

15 mm.

Midian (Burton): 16, 15:3.

Yemen (Bury): 15, 16:4, 15:1, 15°4, 15°6.

Lower Egypt (including the type of cystops) : 14°7,

15°2, 14-5, 15, 14°3, 15°3, LD.

Dimensions of the type (the italicised measurements taken

-in the flesh) :—

Forearm 56 mm.

Head and body 60; tail 68; ear 76; lower leg and foot

(eo a.) 38.

Skull: greatest length 17°6; zygomatic breadth 10°5 ;

mastoid breadth 9:2; front of canine to back of m* 6:2;

breadth between outer corners of m? 7°9.

Hab. Palestine and Arabia. Type from Wasil, Yemen ;

alt. 4000’.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 13.6.19.5. Original

number 7. Collected 7th March, 1913, by G. W. Bury.

Seven specimens.

Although the figures are not very striking, the Arabian

90 Mr. O. Thomas on some

Mouse-tailed Bat is obviously larger on the average than its

Egyptian ally. In the type of R. ecystops the forearm

measured 53 mm., head and body 53, and tail 59.

Rhinopoma muscatellum seianum, subsp. n.

Like R. muscatellum of Muscat, but slightly larger and

with markedly larger molars (see skull-dimensions below).

Dimensions of the type (measured on the spirit-speci-

men) :—

Forearm 52°5 mm.

Head and body —; tail 64; ear 15; lower leg and foot

(c. wu.) 36.

Skull: greatest length 16:3; occipito-nasal length 14:7;

zygomatic breadth 9°7; mastoid breadth 81; front of

canine to back of m® 6:1; combined length of m* and m? on

outer edge 3 (2°6 in true muscatellum) ; breadth between

outer corners of m? 7:3; transverse diameter of m* 1-9 (1°5).

Hab. Seistan.

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 6.1.2.2. Collected by

the Seistan Boundary Commission under Col. A. H.

McMahon. Presented by the Indian Museum, Calcutta.

The Seistan Rhinopoma has quite the peculiar delicately

built skull of R. muscatellum, but the teeth are so markedly

larger as to indicate subspecitic distinction.

Crocidura doriana fuscosa, subsp. n.

A uniformly chocolate-brown form of the doriana-nyanse

group.

Size about as in C. doriana, markedly smaller than

O. hedenborgiana, which it resembles in colour. Upper

surface dark “‘ Prout’s brown,” under surface quite similar,

not lighter. Face, hands, feet, and tail still darker, blackish

brown.

Teeth closely agreeing in size with those of dortana, rather

smaller than those of C. nyanse, and conspicuously smaller

than those of C. hedenborgiana.

Dimensions of the type (measured in flesh) :—

Head and body 114 mm.; tail 60; hind foot 19; ear 12.

Skull: greatest breadth across brain-case 12-7 ; combined

length of three upper molars 4°8, of three lower molars 5°5.

Hab. Kaka, White Nile.

Type. Adult female. B.M.no. 1.8.8.17. Original num-

ber 32. Collected 23rd April, 1901, and presented by

R. McD. Hawker, Esq.

new Fere from Asia and Africa. 91

This is the shrew which in working out Mr. Hawker’s

collection * I referred to C. hedenborgiana, Sand. Recently,

however, the Museum has obtained trom Mr. A. L. Butler a

much larger species from Roseires, and on application to

Prof. Einar Lénnberg I have received such dimensions of the

type of hedenborgiana as to show that it is the Roseires shrew

which should be assigned to Sundevall’s species, that from

Kaka being therefore still without a name. It is no doubt

closely allied to the Abyssinian C. dortana+, but may be

distinguished by its much darker colour, especially below.

Felis servalina larsent, subsp. n.

A form of the Servaline Cat with the shoulders and back

unspotted.

General essential characters as in ordinary F. servalina,

but instead of the body being more or less covered with small

black spots, the neck, shoulders, upper arms, and median area

of the back are completely and absolutely without spots, as

in a lion or F. chaus. General colour strong glossy clay-

colour, an ill-defined darker band down the back. Sides,

belly, and terminal part of limbs spotted, but less conspicu- -

ously so than in other forms,

Hab. Congo district of N. Angola. Type from near

Bembe (about 7° S. and 14° E.).

Type. Skin without skull. B.M. no. 13. 3.24.1. Col-

lected by Mr. Larsen, and presented by the Rev. J. Sidney

Bowskill, of the Baptist Missionary Society.

Mr. Pocock has formed several subspecies for different

forms of F’. servalina, basing them chiefly on the amount of

spotting and banding, but this one differs from them all by

the complete absence of spots over the greater part of the

body, so that seen from above it looks almost more like a

unicolor than a spotted cat. The types of all Mr. Pocock’s

forms are before me, including that of F. s. liposticta, but

none of them approach F’ s. /arseni in this respect.

The name ot the new subspecies is given at the suggestion

of the donor, to whom the specimens had been sent by

Mr. Larsen, the actual captor.

Mustela (Lutreola) taivana, sp. n.

A dark insular form of the M. sibirica group.

Size as in M, quelpartis, therefore markedly smaller than

* Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) viii. p. 274 (1901).

t Dobs, Ann. Mus. Genoy, (2) iv. p. 564 (1887). Type locality, Let

Marafia, Shoa.

92 Mr. G. Meade-Waldo on

in continental s¢b/rica. General colour uniformly dark otter-

brown (near “ vandyke-brown’’), darker than in guelpartis

above, and still more so on the sides, which are quite without

the strong russet tinge so marked in that animal. Under

surface slightly paler, without russet suffusion. Head darker

brown; chin irregularly mottled with white on interramia

and edges of mouth, but no conspicuous backwardly extended

patch is formed, as is the case in quelpartis; a small white

patch on lower throat. Limbs uniformly brown. Tail

longer than in gue/partis, brown, its underside with a slight

cinnamon suffusion.

Skull about as in M. quelpartis; inuer lobes of m! larger

than in that animal.

Dimensions of the type (measured on the skin) :—

Head and body 315 mm.; tail 200; hind foot 57.

Skull: condylo-basal length 58°7 ; zygomatic breadth 30;

interorbital breadth 11:7; breadth of brain-case 25:3 ;

palatal length 25°6; p*, length on outer edge 65; m’,

breadth 4°6 ; antero-posterior diameter of inner lobe 3:3.

Hab. Formosa, ‘l'ype from Mt. Arizan ; 8000".

Type. Young adult male. B.M. no. 12.11. 23.4. Original

number 26. Collected March 1912, and presented by Walter

Goodfellow, Esq.

This Formosan representative of the Eastern Mink has got

the long tail of the continental JZ, (L.) sibirica, with an even

more uniformly brown colour than the comparatively short-

tailed Quelpart mink, with which it agrees in size.

Swinhoe (P. Z. 8. 1870, p. 624) mentions Mustela sibirica

from Formosa, but did not send home any specimens, so that

Mr. Goodfellow’s example is the first that the Museum has

received from the island.

XIV.—Notes on the Apidee (Hymenoptera) in the Collection

of the British Museum, with Descriptions of new Species.

By Grorrrey Mrape-Watxpo, M.A.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

II. Subfamily Nomaprvz.

Tue present paper is a continuation of that published under

the same title in Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) x. p. 461

(1912).

the Apide in the British Museum. 93

Besides notes on species already known, nine species are

described as new, of which the most interesting are the two

new Hpeolus from Abyssinia.

All the types are in the British Museum.

Crocisa, Panz.

The species of Crocisa from the Oriental-Australian region

are partly dealt with by Friese (Zeitschr. Hym. Dipt. pp. 1-

12, 1905). Later, the Australian species are tabulated by

Cockerell (Entom. News, vol. xviii. p. 46, 1907; and Bull.

Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. xxiii. pp. 232-33).

Crocisa bidentata, W. F. Kirby, represented by two male

specimens, is a very striking species from the Hari-rud

Valley, Afghanistan. In the type the second transverso-

cubital nervure is only rudimentary in both wings, but in the

other specimen the venation is normal. The abdomen is

entirely black, and there does not appear to have been any

change in coloration through the agency of spirit, in which

the specimens were evidently preserved after capture. The

anterior wings are very darkly infuscate, and the pygidium

is bituberculate, with a longitudinal keel.

It is curious that another species of Crocisa described

by Kirby from Sokotra (Crocisa uniformis, W. F. Kirby)

should have also been a black species. Kohl considers it to

be nearly allied to C. ramosa, Lep.; it certainly may prove

to be a geographical race of that species.

Crocisa picta, Smith.

Croctsa picta, Smith, Catal. Hymen. Brit. Mus. ii. p. 277 (1854). 9.

Crocisa guineensis, Rad. Bull, Soc. Natural. Moscou, p. 172 (1893). ¢.

Vachal described the female of C. guineensis (Ann. Soc.

Ent. France, p. 379, 1903). In C. picta there is a longitu-

dinal carina along the whole length of sternite 5, not only at

the apex, as Friese states (‘ Die Bienen Afrikas,’ p. 302).

Mesonycuivum, Lep. et Serv.

Ducke has recently (Zoolog. Jahrb. p. 106, 1912) syno-

nymised Melissa, Smith, with this genus. The species of

Mesonychium fall into two natural groups, into the second

of which, the Mesoplia group, fall all the species described

by Smith as Melissa with the exception of M. asteria. This

species, which is synonymous with M. maculata, Fr., belongs

to Mesonychium, s. str.

94 Mr. G. Meade-Waldo on

For the sake of convenience a short key to those species

of-which the British Museum has the types is appended :—

2°.

1. (Head or head and thorax with some pale

PUbSSEONCE ea ois's ho) dy Gan Ane 2.

< Head and thorax with entirely black pubes-

cence. L. 15 mm, (St. Vincent, W.

LESTE Cer ba malig seat le ate salaieaty aie Cae geeas ... emperiale, Ashm.

2. ( Head and thorax with pale pubescence....

| A tuft of white pubescence on outer side of

4 each antenna and a white fringe on 5

} occiput. L. 173 mm, (Orizaba, S.

LUM OxICd.)'. Abin +5: putas SCO Se Mei ee insigne, Sm.

3. ( Large size. Wings dark fuscous. <A fringe

of pale pubescence on prothorax and

2 along the inner side of the tegule. L,

mm. (Brazil, Santarem.) ........d. 0. 0% regale, Sm.

| Small size (13-14 mm.). Wings sub-

| 4‘chyaline; fuscous apically .',..5.5...... 4.

4, “Head and mesothorax for the most part

clothed with a short, glittering, emerald-

green pubescence ; face on each side and

occiput covered with a long white pile.

Abdomen unicolorous, green. L. 14mm. {itubina, Ducke).

< t Brazil.) p55 sc svorchd sees eas oF decoratum, Sm. (=tta-

Head and mesothorax black; face covered

with a short silvery-white pubescence.

Abdomen green, laterally with white

markings. L. 13 mm. (Brazil, San- (data, Friese).

Pewee) (Clete te eeaeern Pac seine asteria, Sm. (=macu-

Errouvs, Latr.

Epeolus natalensis, Smith, from Natal, appears to be very

near KH. militaris, Gerst., but is distinct. The type (a male)

is not in very good condition and has the apical segments of

the abdomen telescoped. The axillar teeth are broader and

blunter than in E. militaris, The most distinctive character

is the presence of a rich brown pubescence on the fifth

tergite.

The genus was omitted by Bingham in ‘ Fauna of British

India, Hymenoptera.’ At the time of publication (1897)

only one species (EH. fervidus, Smith) was recorded from

India, though Cockerell has since added another from the

same part of India (Bombay), while a third species from

Assam is here described for the first time.

Epevlus assamensis, sp. 0.

dé. Niger; facie, pleuris, sterno, pedibus, segmentisque abdo-

minalibus apice fasclis medio-interruptis griseo-pubescentibus ;

the Apidee in the British Museum. 95

mandibulis apice ferrugineis; ecapite thoraceque dense rugulose -

que punctatis, abdomine nitido vix punctato; labro duobus tuber-

culis parvis; alis plerumque hyalinis, sed area apicali fusco-

hyalina,

Long. 7 mm.

Black ; the front, postorbits, pleura, legs, and sternum

covered with a griseous pubescence. Mandibles ferruginous

at apex. First abdominal tergite covered with griseous

pubescence basally and laterally, that on sides excavated to

form an apical interrupted fascia, following tergites with

interrupted apical fasciz of similar pubescence ; sternites 2

and 3 with continuous fasciz of griseous pubescence, fourth

and fifth with fringe of curled brown hairs (‘‘ Wimperhaare,”

Friese).

Head and thorax evenly and rugosely punctured ; abdomen

shining, very finely punctured.

Third and fourth antennal joints subequal; scutellum

prominent, with a strong median depression ; axillar teeth

robust, well developed.

Wings clear hyaline at base, with apical area fusco-

hyaline ; second abscissa of radius about half the length of

first abscissa.

Length 7 mm.

Assam: Shillong, April 1903 (R. E. Turner). 2 oo.

This species comes very near E. peregrinus, Ckll., but

differs in the following details:—The markings of griseous

pubescence in F. peregrinus take the form of ‘ subdorsal

spots ” on tergites 3-7, in the present species the pubescence

is in interrupted fasciz; the second cubital cell is sub-

triangular in the former species, in the latter there is a

distinct abscissa of the radius ; the head and thorax of the

former are distinctly shining, with the punctures compara-

tively scattered, in the latter they are dull and very close.

For differences between EL. peregrinus and E. fervidus, Sm.,

vide Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) viil. p. 668 (1911).

Epeolus tibetanus, sp. un.

@. Niger; segmentis abdominalibus fasciis continuis apice griseo-

pubescentibus; mandibulis apice, tibiis tarsisque plerumque

ferrugineis ; capite thoraceque rugose punctatis, abdomine sub-

nitido ; alis hyalinis, parte apicali subfusca ; labro integro,

Long. 9 mm.

Black ; head and thorax covered with a griseous pile of

varying density, thickest on face and pleura. Mandibles at

apex, tibiz and tarsi for the most part, ferruginous. Abdo-

96 Mr. G. Meade- Waldo on

minal tergites 1-5 with continuous apical fascie of whitish

pubescence, the whole ventral surface of the abdomen clothed

with whitish pubescence. Head and thorax coarsely and

rugosely punctured ; scutellum prominent, with a median

depression, the axillz (lateral teeth) small and acute. Wings

hyaline ; the apical third subfuscous, stigma and nervures

black.

Length 9 mm.

Trset: Gyangtse (13,000 feet), June 1904 (H. J. Walton).

Collected on the Tibet Expedition, 1903-4. 5 2 ?.

The host of this species is probably Colletes sanctus, CkllL.,

a long series of which was caught in the same locality at the

same time.

The species may be readily recognized by the unbroken

abdominal fasciz and the entire labrum. It would other-

wise seem to resemble Z£. transitorius, Eversm., var. serax-

ensis, Rad., from Transcaspia, and J. fallax, Mor, from

Algeria. In addition to the characters mentioned above, it

differs from the former in having the scutellum and tegule

black.

Epeolus ventralis, sp. n.

6. Niger, albido-tomentosus; facie clypeoque, thoracis lateribus

sternoque, mesonoto duabus lineis longitudinalibus, abdominis

segmentis fasciis apicalibus, 1 et 2 medio interruptis, 3-6 con-

tinuis, albido-tomentosis; segmentis ventralibus 2 et 3 apice

albo-, 4—6 brunneo-fasciatis ; antennarum articulo 2 infra ferru-

gineo ; alis pallide fuscis ; labro integro.

Long. 103 mm.

Black, more or less clothed with whitish pubescence. The

face and clypeus somewhat thickly clothed, thorax above

finely, with two distinct longitudinal lines of pubescence

along the anterior margin of disc of mesonotum ; postscu-

tellum and median segment laterally clothed with whitish

pubescence. Abdomen: tergites 1 and 2 with apical fasciz

interrupted medially (that on tergite 1 bilobed), tergites 3-6

and sternites 2 and 3 with continuous apical fascia of

whitish pubescence. Sternites 4-6 with au apical fringe of

curled brown hairs. Second joint of antenne beneath

ferruginous red. Wings smoky. Stigma and nervures

black. Head and thorax coarsely and evenly, abdomen

finely punctured. Scutellum divided medially to form two

blunt lobes, axille small and acute.

Length 103 mm.

Cuina: Hsikou, near Tientsin, 17. vi. 06 (F. M. Thomp-

son).** 1 ag"?

the Apide in the British Museum. 97

This species superficially resembles E. tristis, Eversm.,

but has the labrum entire, and the apical abdominal fascia

on tergite 3 is continuous,

Epeolus incrassatus, sp. n.

3. Niger supra, ferrugineus infra, albo-hirtus ; clypeo apice, labro

mandibulis, pronoto, pleuris, segmentis veutralibus pedibusque

plerumque ferrugineis; capite, thorace (vertice mesonotoque

exceptis) pedibusque albo-hirtis; segmentis abdominalibus dor- .

salibus 1 et 2 apice laterale albo-fasciatis, 3 et 4 maculis albis,

segmentis ventralibus plerumque albo-hirtis ; alis hyalinis, parte

apicali subfusca ; labro integro,

Long. 9 mm.

Black, for the most part clothed with white pubescence ;

clypeus at apex, mandibles, pronotum, pleura, axille, legs

for the most part, and abdominal sternites ferruginous red.

Abdominal tergites 1 and 2 with broad latero-apical fascie

of white pubescence, very broad at the sides, interrupted

medially, fascia on tergite 1 bilobed; tergites 3 and 4 with

four ovate white apical spots, and tergites 5 and 6 with two

spots ; sternites and legs for the most part clothed with fine,

short, white pubescence, sternite 4 with an apical fringe of

curled fulvous hairs. ‘Tarsi clothed on the inside with

golden brown pubescence. Scutellum prominent, with a

distinct median depression.

Head and thorax coarsely, abdomen more finely punctured,

axille sharp, prominent; posterior tarsi very massive, cox

and femora particularly incrassate. Wings hyaline, apicaily

subfuscous ; stigma and nervures black.

Length 9 mm.

Souru Arrica: Basutoland (R. Crawshay). 1 2.

This species is quite distinct from E. militaris, the only

South African species known at present with axillar teeth,

Epeolus fulvohirtus, Cam.

Crocisa fulvohirta, Cam. Trans. S. Afr. Phil. Soe. vol. xv. p. 247 (1905),

I am of opinion that Cameron’s species, the type of which

is in the British Museum, is an Epeolus, and E. kobrowt,

Brauns, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, p. 10 (1909), is probably

co-specific.

Epeolus cameroni, nom. noy.

Epeolus bifasciatus, Cam. Zeitschr. Hym. Dipt. vii. p. 136, (W. Mexico.)

This species needs a new name, since Cresson described an

Ann. & May. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xii. 7

98 Mr. G. Meade-Waldo on

Epeolus bifasciatus (Proc. Entom, Soc. Philad. ii. p. 38,

1864). More recently Jorgensen used the name yet again

for a species from Argentina, and his species has been

renamed &. potrerillensis by Jensen Haarup.

Nomapa, Scopoli.

Nomada xanthidica, Ckll.

Nomada versicolor, Smith, Catal. Hymen. Brit. Mus. ii. p. 242 (1854).

9. (N. China.)

Nomada japonica, Smith, Trans. Entom. Soc. Lond. p. 208 (1878). 9.

(Japan.)

A careful examination of the type specimens of these

insects has failed to reveal any satisfactory structural cha-

racter for their separation. The ferruginous markings on

the mesonotum of N. xanthidica, though absent in the type

of N. japonica, are present in another specimen from Hiogo,

and such colour-markings are often variable. Alfken

usserted some time ago that the two species were identical ;

but Professor Cockerell believed them to be distinct (Trans,

Amer. Ent. Soc. xxxi. p. 8364, 1905).

Bingham (‘ Fauna Brit. India,’ i. p. 465) considers N. sub-

petivlata, Sm. (1879), from Bombay, to be synonymous with

the same author’s N. adusta (1875). It would seem that

the variety he mentions (J. c. p. 466) is Smith’s N, subpetiolata.

There can, however, be little doubt they are distinct species,

N. adusta (type in G. R. J. Rothney CoH.) has the “scutellum,

postscutellum, the tubercles, and collar yellow,” according

to the original description, and there is no mention of the

longitudinal mesonotal groove to which Bingham refers in

his description of the variety (/. c.). N. subpetiolata (type

in B. M.) has the thorax “ ferruginous, with a black longi-

tudinal groove on the mesothorax,’”’ and Smith would

certainly have mentioned the groove if present in N. adusta.

Nomada turneri, sp. n.

@. Nigra, capite thoraceque punctatis, corpore nitido; mandibulis

clypeo (basi excepto) area faciali infra, scapo, flagello infra

(articulo ultimo plerumque), linea postoculari, axillis, tegulis,

scutello, postscutello, lineaque mesopieuris, ferrugineis ; segmento

abdominali secundo fascia basali, segmento quinto omnino ferru-

gineis, pedibus ferrugineo-variegatis; alis fusco-hyalinis, area

apicali fusca,

Long. 63 mm,

the Apidae in the British Museum. 99

¢. Black ; the mandibles, clypeus (base excepted), the

inner orbits below, the scape, flagellum beneath (apical half

of terminal joint almost entirely), a line behind the eyes,

axilla, tegulee, scutellum and postscutellum, and a longitu-

dinal line on mesopleura ferruginous. A broad basal fascia

on second tergite, and tergite 5 altogether, ferruginous.

Anterior legs entirely, intermediate and posterior coxe,

trochanters, and tibie for the most part, ferruginous.

Head and thorax covered with regular granulose pune-

tures; abdomen shining, impunctate. Enclosed space at

base of median segment. Head and thorax with incon-

spicuous pale tawny pubescence, sides of median segment

with a dense patch of white pubescence. Antenne with a

small longitudinal tubercle between their bases. Wings

fusco-hy: iline, the extreme apical area darker, stigma and

nervures black. Third cubital cell much narrowed. towards

radius, so that the third abscissa of the radius is only half as

long as the second,

Lensth 6} mm.

Assam: Shillong, v., vil., and viii., 1903 (R. E. Turner) ;

49¢,3 64; Siwnim: Darjeeling, 7000 feet, ii. 1894

(Bingham Coll.); 1 ?.

3. Differs only sexually from the female, except that the

scape is entirely black ; pygidium emarginate at apex,

This species runs out at B. 6. 6’. in Nurse’s key to the

‘Indian species (Aun. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xi. p. 545, 1903),

as there are no black species with ferruginous markings

included.

Nomada wickwari, sp. n.

@. Ferruginea, abdomine nigro, maculis flavis variegato ; facie

thorace sparsim, segmento mediano dense, segmentis abdominalibus

3-6 Jateribus, coxis tarsisque albo-hirtis ; seutello bilobato, capite

thoraceque punctatis, abdomineque nitido ; alis hyalinis,

Long. 6 mm.

9. Ferruginous, the mesosternum and abdomen (except

for yellow spots) black ; tergite 2 with large, ovate, lateral

spots at base; tergites 3 3 and 4 each with two apical marks,

yellow. Face, pleura, coxe 2 and 38, and median segment

with a silvery-white pubescence, densest on the median

segment ; lateral fascize on abdominal segments 3-6 (tergites

and sternites) of a similar pubescence.

Head and thorax coarsely and evenly punctured; the

scutellum bilobed, shining, with a few scattered ea

100 Mr. G. Meade-Waldo on

abdomen shining, impunctate. Joint 3 of antenne 14 times

as long as joint 4.

Wings hyaline, faintly fuscous at extreme apical margin ;

third cubital cell subtriangular, second and third transverso-

cubital nervures almost coalescing on the radial nervure.

Length 6 mm.

Cryiton: Colombo, 1910 (0. S. Wickwar).

Collected and presented to the British Museum by

Mr. O. 8. Wickwar, after whom the species is named.

Through the courtesy of Colonel C. G. Nurse I have been

able to examine the type of Nomada priscilla from North

India, to which species N. wiekwari is nearly related.

Nurse’s species, however, is smaller and more siender, with

joints 3 and 4 of the antenne equal; the neuration, too, is

different from that of the present species.

Nomada antennata, sp. n.

¢@. Nigra, thorace ferrugineo ; segmento secundo abdominis maculis

duabus flavis; capite thoraceque punctatis, abdomine nitido ;

antennis nigris, elongatis; alis subfuscis.

Long. 6 mm.

9. Black; thorax and anterior tarsi beneath ferruginous ;

two ovate basi-lateral spots on tergite 2 and two small

indistinct marks on tergite 5 pale yellow. Head and thorax

with a sparse pale pubescence.

Metatarsus ii. with short tawny pubescence beneath.

Head and thorax coarsely and evenly punctured ; abdomen

shining, impunctate. Antenne of considerable length,

joints 3 and4 subequal. Wings fusco-hyaline, third cubital

cell much narrowed above.

Length 6 mm.

1 ¢.

CryLon: Kandy (0. S. Wickwar).

Resembles N. wickwari in general facies, but is at once

distinguished in having long black antenne, with joints 3

and 4: subequal, and the head and legs black.

Five species of Nomada are now known from widely

separated localities in the A‘thiopian Region; no specimens

appear to have been received from Central Africa as yet.

The following key may help to separate the Aithiopian

forms ;—

the Apidae in the British Museum. 101

1, | Larger species, 12-13 mm. ............. nat oe

Smaller species, 8-9 mm................. 3.

2. f Flagellum black above, ferruginous below ;

abdominal segment 1 ferruginous; ter-

| gite 2 with a narrow apical fascia, yellow. [(Cape Colony.)

Peer es 1S mAs NNT AT) gigas, Friese, 2.

} Antenne ferruginous, except joints 10-13,

| which are black; abdominal segment 1

; black, following segments black and ((Abyssinia.)

Gee yellow... elem Aes ee ene abyssinica, sp. D., ¢.

3. ( Third joint of antenne, seen from below,

| distinctly longer than fourth; first tergite [ (Transvaal.)

i, bivek-ted. ” E. Sinn 4s, ee Wetea a kobrowi, Brauns, ¢.

7 Third joint of antenne, seen from below,

; equal to fourth; first tergite black. L.

Sammie ease eet cy leaders be 4,

4. ( Disc of mesonotum with two longitudinal

| reddish lines; pleura mostly red, seg- ((Old Calabar.)

<= ECT ME sts ae eae ee ee eee africana, Friese, Q.

| Disc of mesonotum and pleura entirely ((A byssinia. )

black; segment 6 yellow............ -» hararensis, sp. n.

Nomada abyssinica, sp. n.

3. Nigra, abdomine maculis fasciisque pallide flavis ; mandibulis,

clypeo apice extremo, antennis (articulis 10-13 exceptis) angulis

pronoti, callis humeralibus, tegulis, scutello, pygidioque ferru-

gineis; pedibus (coxis trochanteribus femoribusque exceptis)

ferrugineis, facie, area postoculari, sterno, segmentis yentralibus

basalibus albo-, labro, metanoto, tarsis, segmentisque ventralibus

apice plus minusve fulvo-hirtis ; capite thoraceque rugose punc-

tatis, area excisa metanoti glabra, abdomine minute punctato ;

alis fusco-hyalinis, area apicali fusca.

Long. 12 mm,

3. Black; the mandibles, clypeus at extreme apex,

antenne except joints 10-13, lateral angles of pronotum,

calli humerales, tegulz, scutellum and pygidium ferruginous ;

legs (except cox, trochanters, and femora basally) ferru-

ginous ; tergites 2 and 3 with large ovate lateral spots, almost

touching above, and tergites 4—6 with apical fascie, pale

yellow. The face, postocellar region, sternum, and_ basal

sternites covered with a white pubescence ; labrum, median

segment, tarsi, and fasciz on apical sternites with fulvous

pubescence. Ilead, thorax, and coxze evenly and distinctly

punctured, abdomen and legs more finely, excised space at

base of median segment glabrous, Tergite 1 and anterior

and intermediate femora shining, practically impunciate.

Wings fusco-hyaline, the apical area darker. Clypeus

truncate anteriorly ; joint 3 of antenne rather longer than

102 On the Apidee in the British Museum.

joint 4; an indistinct longitudinal tubercle between antennz

at base; calli humerales blunt, prominent. Pygidium with

a sjight apical emargination.

Length 12 mm,

Ansyssinta: Harar, 1911 (Gunnar Kristensen). Presented

by R. KE. Turner.

236.

Nomada hararensis, sp. n.

9. Nigra, abdomine maculis fasciisque pallide flavis ; mandibulis,

labro, clypeo apice, antennis (articulis apicalibus exeeptis) angulis

pronoti, callis humeralibus, tegulis, post-tegulis, scutello, post-

scutello segmentisque ventralibus apicalibus ferrugineis; pedibus

(coxis, apice excepto, trochanteribus omnibus femoribusque posticis

exceptis) ferrugineis; capite thoraceque sparsim albo-hirtis ;

capite thoraceque sat rugose, abdomine minute punctatis; area

excisa metanoti glabra, inconspicue striata; alis subhyalinis, area

apicali fusco-hyalina.

Long. 9 mm.

@. Black; mandibles, labrum, apex of clypeus, antennz

(except four terminal joints), lateral angles of pronotum,

calli humerales, tegule, post-tegulz, scutellum, postscutellum,

and sternites 5 and 6 ferruginous. Legs (except coxze

basally), trochanters, and basal half of posterior femora

ferruginous; tergites 2-4 with ovate lateral spots, tergites

5 and 6 with apical fasciz, pale yellow. Head and thorax

with a sparse whitish pubescence, evenly and distiuetly,

abdomen very finely puuctured, shining, the excised area at

base of median segment glabrous, finely striate. Joimt 3 of

antenne equal to joint 4.

Wings subhyaline, the apical area fusco-hyaline.

Length 9 mm.

6. Differs from female in the following respects :—Scape,

flagellum above (terminal joints beneath also), clypeus

entirely, scutellum, postscutellum and all the femora, inter-

mediate and posterior tibiz for the most part, black. The

males described as the alternate sex were evidently collected

with the females, but may possibly be distinct.

Asyssin3iA: Harar, 1911 (Gunnar Kristensen). Presented

by hk. E. Turner.

WOR Ue fea -

All Smith’s types of American Nomada are mentioned by

Cockerell (Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. xxxi. p. 310 ef seg.). In

my opinion the genera erected by Robertson (Canad, Ent.

Descriptions and Records of Bees, 103

xxxv. p. 174) hardly merit the rank, with the exception of

Gnathias, which certainly has an excellent distinctive struc-

tural character in the bidentate mandibles.

Robertson considers N. annulata, Sm., 3 (nee 2), to be

Synonymous with Nomada (Centrias) americana, K. (Trans.

Amer. Ent. Soc. xxii. p. 125). The male of Smith’s species

certainly has the characters of Centrias as defined by Robert-

son (/. c.), but there appears to be no reason to doubt that

Smith had correctly associated the sexes, and N, annulata 2

is certainly not a Centrias as defined (J. c.).

Nomada vinnula, Cress.

Nomada vinnula, Cresson, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soe. vii. p. 202 (1879).

Nomada interceptor, Smith, Descr. New Spec. Hymen. p. 100 (1879).

Smith’s type, from Vancouver, agrees with a male labelled

“N. vinula”’ by Cockerell. Cresson’s species has priority

by afew months. The spelling of the specific names is that

employed by the authors respectively, but they appear in

literature as “vinula”’ and “ intercepta.”

XV.—Descriptions and Records of Bees.—LIII.

By T. D. A. Cockureti, University of Colorado.

Megachile heliophila, sp. n.

3 .—Length about 10 mm., expanse 20.

Black; rather robust, but parallel-sided; head rather

large, the cheeks and vertex very broad; clypeus densely

and strongly punctured, but shining between the punctures,

wholly without any median smooth or raised line, the

lower margin slightly undulate, obscurely subemarginate in

middle; mandibles broad and stout, the third tooth remote

from the second, the apical part not covered with hair ;

from beneath the lower edge of clypeus, and from lower edge

of mandibles, comes bright ferruginous hair, and there is a

tuft of long hair of the same colour on the end of the

labrum; antenne entirely black; vertex closely and finely

punctured ; hair of head and thorax long and loose, mostly

white, but brownish on clypeus, black on vertex and disc

of mesothorax, and much long black hair mixed with the

pale on scutellum ; mesothorax and scutellum very minutely

104 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Descriptions and

and densely punctured, but the margins of the punctures

shining; tegulz black, minutely punctured. Wings dusky ;

second submarginal cell very long. Legs black, with white

hair; middle and hind spurs black, but spurs of anterior

tibize red ; anterior femora with the upper side concave in

profile. Abdomen closely and finely punctured (not so

closely on dise of fourth segment) ; long erect white hair on

first segment and base of second, not hiding the surface ;

second beyond base, and third and fourth, with short fuscous

hair; a white marginal hair-patch on each side of first

segment, and white hair-bands, weak in middle, on second

and third; greater part of fifth segment, and all of sixth,

covered with appressed golden hair ; ventral scopa white.

Hab. Sunnybank, Queensland, Sept. 12, 1911 (H. Hacker).

Queensl. Mus, 9.

Rather like M. remotula, Ckll., but larger, the clypeus

differently formed, the flagellum not red beneath, &c. It

may also be compared with M. oblonga, Sm., but differs by

the dusky wings, the tuft of red hair on labrum, &c.

Sphecodes thoracicus, Ashmead.

St. Vincent. I recently examined the type of this species

in the U.S. National Museum. It is a slender bee with

peculiar coloration and a very large stigma. It appears to

represent a distinct genus.

Halictus auratus, Ashmead.

St. Vincent. I have examined the type in the US.

National Museum. The colours resemble those of Auyo-

chlora, but the inner orbits are as in Halictus. The face and

front are suffused with copper-red.

FHalictus indistinctus, Crawford.

Costa Rica. I examined the ? type in the U.S. National

Museum. The mesothorax is duil, only faintly green,

abruptly contrasting with the shining anterior border of

scutellum., The area of metathorax has about the basal

two-fifths plicatulate.

Andrena pecosana, sp. 0.

@ .—Length about 12 mm.

Black, with greyish-white hair, dense and lively pale

ochreous on vertex and thorax above; head broad ; facial

fovee broad, filling more than half the space between

Records of Bees. 105

antennze and eyes, seen from above very pale yellowish, not

widely separated from eye, extending downwards to about

level of top of clypeus ; third antennal joint nearly as iong

as the following three together; dise of clypeus shining,

sparsely punctured, marginal parts dullish and more closely

and finely punctured ; malar space linear; process of labrum

strongly bifid; tongue remarkably short; mesothorax micro-

scopically tessellate, dull, with sparse very feeble punctures ;

area of metathorax triangular, granular; tegule rufo-

testaceous. Wings hyaline, with a very faint brownish tinge,

the nervures and small stigma ferruginous ; second s.m.

broad, receiving first r.n. at middle or beyond. Legs with

pale hair, light orange-ferruginous on inner side of basitarsi ;

small joints of tarsi ferruginous. Abdomen dull, with ex-

cessively minute punctures; hind margins of segments with

very broad heavy entire ochreous-whitish hair-bands ; caudal

fringe pale reddish.

Hab. Pecos, New Mexico, August 31 (Cockerell).

Resembles A. grenicheri, Ckll., and A. mentzeliea, Ckll.,

especially the former, from which it differs by the bifid

process of labrum and the heavily banded abdomen.

Hypanthidium panamense, sp. un.

2 .—Length about 7} mm.

Robust ; head and thorax black and bright chrome-yellow,

with the dorsal pubescence orange-fulvous ; abdomen and

legs clear ferruginous and yellow, without black ; head and

thorax above very densely punctured ; punctures of meso-

pleura very large, posteriorly there is a smooth shining

impunctate area; head yellow, with the following parts

black: occiput and posterior part of cheeks, labrum, large

quadrate frontal patch enclosing the ocelli and sending a

band on each side to top of eye, having also three bands pro-

jecting from its lower border, one to each antenna, and one

to middle of supraclypeal area, a spot at each lower corner

of supraclypeal area; clypeus entirely yellow, except the

ferruginous anterior edge; mandibles broad, with only

two small teeth, cutting-edge black, behind this suffusedly

reddish, and basal part of mandibles yellow ; malar space

obsolete; autenne clear ferruginous, the scape yellow in

front ; thorax black, with the following parts yellow: large

patch occupying nearly all mesopleura, lar se part of tubercles,

rather narrow anterior (except in middle) ‘and lateral borders

of mesothorax (but no discal stripes), axillze and the broad hind

margin of the prominent, shallowly emarginate scutellum ;

base of metathorax with a series of large deep pits ; tegule

106. Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Descriptions and

ferruginous, darkest in middle. Wings dusky, strongly so

in costal region; second r.n. going as far beyond second

t.-c. as first beyond first t.-c. Legs red and yellow, with

orange-fulvous hair, the yellow on under side of femora and

on basitarsi; no pulvilli. Abdomen shining, punctured, the

punctures much larger on the basal. than apical part of

segments ; first, third, fourth, and fifth segments with entire

yellow bands, second with a yellow patch on each side, apical

segment yellow with a ferruginous mark on each side ;

ventral scopa light fulvous.

Hab. Gatun, Canal Zone, Panama (A. H. Jennings). U.S.

National Museum.

Nearest to H. aureocinctum, Ckll., but mesothorax without

discal stripes and abdomen without black. Also related to

H. elegantulum (Smith), but antennz and abdomen differently

coloured.

Hypanthidium ecuadorium (Friese).

gd .—Length about 8} mm.

General form and appearance of H. flavomarginatum (Sm.) ;

head and thorax black and yellow (a sort of dilute orange) ;

the yellow parts of the head are the clypeus (except fuscous

lower edge), a broad supraclypeal band presenting two

angulations above (the inner side of each bounding the

autennal socket), broad lateral marks ending in a point at

level of lower side of anterior ocellus, a band across hind

part of vertex and extending halfway down cheeks, and

most of outer surface of mandibles; front, vertex, and meso-

thorax extremely densely punctured ; antenne reddish, the

scape yellowish in front near apex aud with a large black

mark on inner side; flagellum, except basally, strongly

suffused with dusky; sides of metathorax with a narrow

yellow band which curves around in front, but is very

broadly interrupted in middle ; axillee and scutellum (except

a broad basal triangle) yellow; metathorax with rather small,

irregular basal pits, and a large smooth excavated space on

each side; tubercles largely yellow; pleura black; tegule

large, light ferruginous. Wings fuliginous, especially in

costal region; second r. n. going as far beyond second t.-c.

as first beyond first t.-c. Legs variegated, blackened basally,

the femora with a red streak above, and the anterior and

middle ones with a shorter apical yellowish streak behind ;

tibiz reddish and blackish, the hind ones darkest; tarsi

dark, with white hair on outer side, anterior tarsi with

a long silky white fringe behind. Abdomen shining and

quite sparsely punctured, black, the hind margins of the

Records of Bees. 107

segments broadly dark reddish brown ; yellow markings on

abdomen as follows: on first segment a pair of very large

pyriform patches, pointing mesad, and not reaching sub-

dorsal region, on third to sixth a broad entire band ; apical

segment broadly rounded, black with a submarginal yellow

band, outside of which the margin is translucent ; dise of

seventh segment subcarinate, shining, with large sparse

punctures. 4

? .—Similar to the male, except as follows: mandibles

entirely black; clypeus black, except the narrowly yellow

upper lateral margins ; a yellow dot on supraclypeal area ;

lateral face-marks ending obtusely above, and below squarely

truncate at about level of upper end of clypeus; femora

without a yellow mark behind ; ventral scopa white.

Hab. Guayaquil, Ecuador (v. Buchwald). Alfken col-

lection, 10.

Very similar to H. flavomaryinatum, but the face-markings

of the male are quite different, and there is no pit on the

seventh abdominal segments. This does seem to agree

quite perfectly with Friese’s too brief account of his Anthi-

dium flavomarginatum, var. ecuadorium, but his specimens

were taken by the same collector at the same place and are

doubtless conspecific.

Dianthidium macrurum, sp. n.

6 .—Length 15 mm. or rather more, if the abdomen were

held straight ; anterior wing 104 mm.

Red aud yellow, with little black; head and thorax

extremely densely punctured above, the mesothorax» dull,

but the pleura with larger, separated (though close) punc-

tures, the surface between them shining ; hair of head and

thorax fulvous dorsally, paler beneath, pale around the very

strongly keeled tubercles ; vertex, cheeks, and sides of front

rather narrowly ferruginous ; front except sides black, this

enclosing ocelli ; area between antenne red, but a black band

below antennz, but the lower part of the supraclypeal area

red; clypeus and sides of face yellow, the upper half of the

clypeus suffusedly reddened ; mandibles yellow with the

apex and cutting-edge black, only two well-formed teeth ;

labrum black ; antennze red, with the apical half or more of

flagellum black ; thorax red, the scutellum very bright, a

good deal of black in region between metathorax and meso-

pleura, and metathorax narrowly black at sides of base ;

tegul large, red, closely and finely punctured. Wings dark

reddish fuligimous; second r.n, going well beyond second

108 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Descriptions and

sm. Legs bright ferruginous red, with the hind basitarsi

yellow, and the others suffusedly more or less yellowish ;

pulvilli distinct. Abdomen rather long, tapering, red, with

an angular yellow patch on each side of second segment,

the third to fifth segments nearly all yellow except in middle

and on extreme lateral margins, and a transverse red patch

or band on the middle of the yellow on each side; seventh

dorsal segment obtusely angular at sides, and in middle pro-

duced into a very long bent finger-like process, the upper

side of which is keeled ; second ventral segment raised and

angulate in middle of apical margin.

Hab. Federal District, Mexico (J. R. Inda, 21). U.S.

National Museum.

A very distinct and remarkable species, kindly placed in

my hands for description by Mr. J. C. Crawford. I know

of no close relative ; on account of the structure of the

seventh abdominal segment it forms a section by itself.

Dianthidium bivittatum (Cresson).

Cresson described this in 1878 from two males collected

in Mexico. The female, hitherto unknown, has been found

at Livingston, Guatemala, May 11, by Messrs. Barber and

Schwarz. It is like the male, but has the following special

characters : clypeus black, its lower margin bidentate ; hair

of vertex and mesothorax all ochreous; mandibles massive,

with avery long and oblique quadridentate inner edge, a

large yellow spot on outer surface near base ; yellow face-

marks consisting of two bars, divergent above, between

antenae, and narrow stripes along the whole length of the

inner orbits ; yellow stripe of cheeks and occiput interrupted

at level of top of eyes, and again (broadly) in middle ; middle

femora with a yellow band beneath and hind ones with a

spot near apex; first two abdominal segments black with

shining pile, the others mainly orange, the sixth broadly

black apically ; ventral scopa thin and short, glittering pure

white. D. nectarinioides (Schrottky) is an allied South

American species.

These insects curiously resemble certain Eumenid wasps.

Dianthidium (Anthidiellam) eiseni, sp. n.

g —Like D.notatum (Latr.), but the markings cream-

colour ; femora black with the knees reddish ; dar ‘k parts of

tibiz reddish black, but anterior tibie ght ferruginons in

front ; lateral face-marks hardly going above level of antenne ;

Records of Bees. 109

supraclypeal area with only the lower corners pale ; axilla

black ; wings clear hyaline basally ; band on second abdo-

minal segment (narrowly interrupted in middle) more

slender.

Hab. San José del Cabo, Lower California. U.S. National

Museum.

This is evidently from the same lot as those recorded by

Fox, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. ser. 2, vol. v. p. 270, as a variety

of D. notatum, A relative in California is D. robertsoni,

Ckll., but that has differently formed and coloured markings.

Anthidium 22-punctatum, Friese.

3d ?. Guayaquil, Ecuador (v. Buchwald). Alfken col-

lection, 9.

Friese’s measurements are too small, unless applied

to specimens with the abdomen contracted and turned

downward. In my female the outer spots on the fifth abdo-

minal segment are mere dots. The species belongs to

Anthidium, s. str., and closely resembles various North-

American species, from which it is readily known by the

5-dentate apex of male abdomen.

Agapostemon nasulus, Smith.

4g. Guayaquil, Ecuador (v. Buchwald). Alfken col-

lection, 13. ‘These are quite typical.

Centris nigerrima (Spinola).

Chile. Anthophora dimidiata, Smith, is a synonym, as

shown by a specimen in my possession, from I, Smith’s

collection,

Centris euphenax, sp. 0.

? .—Length about 15 mm.

Robust; head, thorax, and legs black; abdomen with

the first three segments black with a very obscure bluish

tint, the hind margin of the third reddish ; remaining

abdominal segments bright ferruginous red ; clypeus shining,

sparsely punctured at sides, cream-coloured except the broad

lateral and upper margins (the cream-coloured area coming

to a point above) and the linear brown lower edge ; labrum

cream-coloured except the narrow lateral and apical margins,

its hair black ; eyes moderately converging above ; hair of

whole insect entirely black, except on the red (apical) part

110 On a new Species of Agoutt.

of the abdomen, where it is clear red. Wings rather dilute

fuliginous, violaceous.

Hab. Pachacayo, Peru, over 12,000 ft., March 27 (C. H.

T. Townsend).

A species of the same general type as C. hemorrhoidalis

(Fab.), but more robust, with the wings darker and the

abdomen less blue. Superficially, it is exactly like the

workers of Bombus coccineus, Friese, which were taken by

Professor Townsend at the same time and place.

Bombus rufocinctus albertensis (Cockerell).

The following notes, additional to the original description,

are taken from the type. Pile coarse, rather long, on

abdomen much shorter than in B. kirbyellus ; ovelli about as

in rufocinctus, as also the deep sulcus in front of middle

ocellus ; corbicular fringe pure black; spinules of tarsal

joints red; black interalar band eye-shaped, narrowing

laterally. The following measurements are in microns :-—

antero-posterior diameter of middle ocellus 357; transverse

diameter of a lateral ocellus 323; lateral ocellus distant

from eye 595 ; middle ocellus to lateral ocellus 221; length

of third antennal joint 595, of fourth 323, of fifth 357.

XVI.—Description of a new Species of Agouti (Myoprocta).

By R. I. Pocock, F.R.S.

Myoprocta pratti, sp. n.

General colour of upperside olive-green, owing to the pale

yellow annulation of the black hairs. Dorsally the pale

annuli are narrower than laterally, making the sides of the

body lighter than the back. Ventrally the yellow annuli

prevail over the black, so that the sides of the belly are pale

yellow. Along the middle line of the belly there is a narrow

but rather ill-defined white area, which spreads slightly

between the hind legs and markedly between the fore legs

on the chest, where it is set off both on the throat anteriorly

and on the inner side of the limbs by bright nearly orange-

yellow hairs. The anterior part of the throat behind the

interramal area whitish, but the sides of the nevk and the

cheek covered with hairs banded with black and biight

yellow. The top of the head, and especially the muzzle,

On the Classification of the Percoid Fishes. Lil

brighter coloured than the back. A bright yellow streak

behind each ear and a conspicuous bright yellow stripe

running internally down the front of the thigh to the hock.

Anterior surface of legs covered to the digits with hairs

speckled yellow and black.

Loc. Pern.

One specimen (type) presented to the Zoological Society

by Mr. B. Chavez, who brought it from the ‘ Amazons.”

A second procured by Mr. A. Ki. Pratt on the Marona River,

Peru.

In Myoprocta acouchy, Linn., from Guiana, the hairs are

speckled with rich rusty yellow, and many of those on

the hind-quarters are wholly black, the underside is rusty

orange all over, and the fronts of the legs are almost the same

colour as the belly and unspeckled.

XVII.—The Classification of the Percoid Fishes.

By C. Tate Reoan, M.A.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Tue large and varied order Percomorphi occupies a central

position among the Teleostean fishes. On the one hand it

appears to be derived from the Berycomorphi, and on the

other it seems to have given rise to a number of specialized

offshoots, which may be regarded as ordinally distinet:

Scleroparei, Heterosomata, Plectognathi, Discocephali, Xeno-

pterygii, Pediculati, Symbranchii, and Opisthomi.

The Percomorphi may be thus defined :—.

“Symmetrical acanthopterous physoclists with normal

dorsal fin, pelvic fins never more than 6-rayed, subabdo-

minal, thoracic, jugular, or mental in position, the pelvic

bones typically attached to the cleithra ; principal caudal

rays not more than 17. No orbitosphenoid. Second sub-

orbital not forming a stay for the preoperculum. Post-

temporal more or less distinctly forked.”

At present I am inclined to recognize thirteen suborders,

viz. Percoidea, Trichiuroidea, Scombroidea, Siganoidea, Teu-

thidoidea, Kurtoidea, Gobioidea, Blennioidea, Stromate-

oidea, Anabantoidea, Mugiloidea, Polynemoidea. But it is

largely a matter of opinion whether some of these may not

be regarded as ordinally distinct, or whether others should

not rank merely as divisions of the Percoidea.

I have already dealt with the Trichiuroidea, Scombroidea,

112 Mr. C. T. Regan on the

Gobioidea, and Blennioidea, and have given some account

of the Anabantoidea and Stromateoidea, whilst Starks has

described the osteology of the Mugiloidea.

The present paper deals mainly with the Percoidea, the

most generalized suborder, defined by the absence of the

special peculiarities which characterize the other suborders

of the Percomorphi. R

The limits and contents of the Percoidea are indicated in

the following scheme :—

Suborder PrERcCOIDEA.

1. Perciformes: Serranide, Pseudoplesiopide, Plesiopide,

Kuhhide, Centrarclide, Priacanthide, Chilodipte-

ride, Percidee, Sillaginide, Latilide, Lactariide,

Bathyclupeidee, Labracoglosside, Pomatomide, Rha-

chicentridz, Carangide, Menide, Bramide, Cory-

phenide, Centropomide, Arripidide, Erythrich-

thyide, Lutianidz, Nemipteride, Lobotidz, Liogna-

thide, Pomadasidie, Scianide, Mullide, Lethrinide,

Sparide, Meenide, Monodactylide, Pempheridee,

Toxotide, Scorpidide, Cyphoside, Girellidee, Ephip-

pide, Drepanide, Chtodontide, Scatophagide,

Enoplosidz, Histiopteridz, Pristolepide, Nandide,

Cichlid, Hoplegnathidz, Cepolide.

2. Cirrhiliformes: Cirrhitide, Chironemide, Haplodacty-

lidee, Chilodactylide, Latridide.

. Pomacentriformes : Pomacentride.

. Labriformes : Labride, Odacide, Scaride.

. Embiotociformes: Embiotocide.

. Gadopsiformes : Gadopside.

SIO O B OO

. Trichodontiformes : Trichodontide.

. Ammodytiformes: Ammodytide.

Oo ©

. Champsodontiformes : Cnampsodontide.

10. Trachiniformes: Opisthognathide, Bathymasteride,

Pinguipedide, Chimarrhichthyide, Trachinide, Perco-

phiide, Bembropside, Hemeroccetide, Trichonotide,

Creediide, Limnichthyide, Leptoscopide, Urano-

scopide.

11. Nototheniiformes: Bovichthyide, Nototheniide, Bathy-

draconide, Chzenichthyide.

co)

. Callionymiformes:; Callionymide, Draconettide.

Classification of the Percoid Fishes. 113

Division 1. PercrrorMes.

Spinous dorsal fin usually well developed. | Pelvic fins

usually thoracic, of a spine and 4 or 5 soft rays; pelvic

bones directly attached to cleithra. Mouth typically pro-

tractile, the premaxillaries with more or less developed

pedicels, and nearly always free from the maxillaries. Hyo-

palatine and opercular series of bones all present. Lower

pharyngeals not ankylosed. Parietals present, separated by

Supraoccipital ; opisthotic well developed ; a basisphenoid

usually present. Post-temporal forked; pectoral radials

hourglass-shaped, four in number, the lowest and sometimes

part of the next on the hypocoracoid.

In the following arrangement a few of the more aberrant

families are placed last, and the remainder are grouped into

those without (Serranidze to Coryphenide) and those with

a scaly process in the axil of the pelvic fins.

Fam. 1. Serranide.

Spinous dorsal usually well developed; anal spines usually

3; caudal usually with 17 principal rays, 15 branched (15,

13 branched, in Anthias) ; pelvics thoracic, each of a spine

and 5 branched rays, without axillary process. Two nostrils

on each side. Guill-membranes free from the isthmus ; 5 to

8 branchiostegals; 4 gills; pseudobranchiz usually present.

Mouth protractile; villiform or cardiform teeth in the jaws

and usually on the palate ; each preemaxillary ramus with a

posterior process or expansion internal to the maxillary ;

latter broadest distally, usually exposed, rarely sheathed

by the preorbital. A subocular shelf. Two postcleithra

on each side. Vertebre 24 or more; first 2 or more

precaudals without parapophyses; some or all of the ribs

inserted on parapopliyses.

It may be noted that in Callanthias and Therapon all the

ribs are inserted on parapophyses*, and that those of the

genus Morone are rather exceptional in their insertion. In

this genus the vertebre number 25, the precaudals with

parapophyses from the third or fourth; of the 10 pairs of

ribs the last 3 to 5 (according to the species) are distinctly

inserted on the parapophyses, but it is rather a matter of

personal opinion as to how many of the remainder are

sessile; they may be described either as inserted on the

centra below and behind the parapophyses, or as on the

* Thus forming an exception to the statement made on p. 653 of the

‘Cambridge Natural History, Fishes.’

Ann, & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol, xii. 8

114 Mr. C. T. Regan on the

bases of the parapophyses at their origin from the centra.

Practically the same structure is seen in Kahlia.

To the Serranidee I would add Acropoma, which has a sub-

ocular shelf, Malacichthys, probably related to Acropoma,

and Dederleinia (Anthias berycoides, Hilgend.). Two fine

examples of this species are in the British Museum Col-

lection, and a skeleton has been made of one of them; the

fish is typically Serranid. Diploprion, with 2 anal spines,

and Hapalogenys, with toothless palate, are typical Serranids

in other characters. Therapon, placed by Boulenger in the

Lutianide, has no pelvic axillary process,

The Pseudochromidide do not seem to me deserving

of family rank. Except for the 2 lateral lines they are

typical Serranide, and Pseudogramma, with the spinous and

soft-rayed portions of the dorsal fin subequal, connects

Gramma with Pseudochromis and Cichlops.

Fam. 2. Pseudoplesiopide.

The aberrant genus Pseudoplesiops differs from the Pseudo-

chromidinee in that the lower lateral line is absent, the

dorsal and anal have but a single spine each, and the

articulated rays of the "pelvic fins are unbranched, 4 in

number.

Fam. 3. Plesiopide.

General characters of the Serranide, but the pelvic rays

reduced in number, I 2-4, the first soft ray simply bifid. ,

The genera may be arranged thus :—

I. Pelvies 14, below or slightly in advance of the pectorals; anal

spines 8. A subocular shelf. Two lateral lines.

First soft ray of pelvic not thickened or pro-

CUCOL asa an hive Sige co eee SEG eee Trachinops.

First soft ray of pelvic thickened and produced ;

third and fourth small and slender ...... Plesiops, Paraplesiops.

II. Pelvics 12, well in advance of the pectorals, the first soft ray

pena and produced; anal spines numerous. No subocular

shelf.

Seales large ; one lateral line ................ Acanthoplesiops.

Scales small; 3 or 4 lateral lines ............ Acanthoclinus.

Fam. 4. Kuhliide.

Kuhha differs from the Centrarchide in the presence of

pseudobranchie, the absence of parietal crests, and the

different insertion of the ribs. Vertebre 25 (10415);

precaudals with parapophyses from the third or fourth ;

Classification 07 the Percoid Fishes. 115

first 4 or 5 ribs sessile, inserted below and behind the para-

pophyses; last 3 or 4 on the parapophyses.

In the structure of the vertebral column and the aitach-

ment of the ribs Kuhlia shows far more resemblance to

Morone than to the Centrarchide. Other characters con-

firm its relationship to Morone, and make it probable that it

is derived from Serranide of the type of that genus.

Fam. 5. Centrarchide.

After the removal of Kuhiia this is a very natural and

well-defined family, closely related to the Serranidz, but

distinguished by the vestigial or absent pseudobranchiz,

the absence of a subocular shelf, and the different attach-

ment of the ribs. Vertebre 25 to 33; precaudals with

transverse processes from the third or fourth; ribs mostly

sessile, inserted high up on the centra or on the bases of the

neural arches, above and behind the parapophyses.

Fam. 6. Priacanthide.

Differ from the Serranide especially in the reduced

nomber of vertebre, 23 (10+13), the first very short and

firmly adherent to the skull, the absence of a basisphenoid,

and the single postcleithrum. Caudal with 16 principal

rays, 14 branched.

Fam. 7. Chilodipteride.

This family includes fishes with the general characters of

the Serranide, but with only 2 anal spines. A separate

spinous dorsal of 5 to 9 spines. Jaws with villiform teeth,

sometimes with canines ; teeth on vomer and palatines. An

occipital crest ; parietal crests feeble or absent. Vertebre

24 to 27 (10-11+4+14-17); precaudals with parapophyses

from the fifth or sixth ; first 3 or 4 ribs sessile.

Principal genera: Apogon, Apoyonichthys, Chilodipterus,

Epigonus, Synagrops (Parascombrops, Melanostoma), Dino-

lestes.

A subocular shelf is present in Chilodipterus and many

species of Apogon, but not in Apogon maximus or in Epi-

gonus ; Synagrops, which is the nearest to Dinolestes in the

dentition, the scaly fins, &c., has a rather feeble shelf, but

Dinolestes has none.

A good account of the osteology of Dinolestes has been

given by Starks (Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xxii. 1899, pp. 113-

120, pls. vili.—xi.).

116 Mr. C. T. Regan on the

Fam. 8. Percide.

Especially distinguished from the Serranidz by the absence

of a subocular shelf and by having only 1 or 2 anal spines.

Vertebre 30 to 48.

In some species of Percina and Etheostoma I find the

principal caudal rays number 17 (1/15/1) ; in others be-

longing to Boleosoma and Ammocrypta there are 16 (1/14/1).

I have not fully investigated this, but the character will

probably be found of some taxonomic value.

Fam, 9. Latilide.

Dorsal continuous, with the spinous portion much less

extended than the soft or than the anal; latter with 1 or 2

spines ; caudal of 17 principal rays, 15 branched ; pelvics

thoracic, each of a spine and 5 soft rays, without scaly

axillary process. Mouth terminal, protractile; villiform

teeth in the jaws; often a canine near the distal end of the

premaxillary; palate toothless; posterior expansions of

premaxillary rami reduced; maxillary exposed distally,

without supramaxillary, with a proximal posterior expansion

more or less developed. A subocular shelf. Gill-membranes

united, but free from the isthmus; 6 branchiostegais ;

4 gills; pseudobranchiz present; lateral lne complete,

continuous. Occipital and parietal crests present, variously

developed. Vertebre 24 to 27 (10-12 + 14-15) ; pracaudals

with parapophyses from the first or third; all the ribs on

parapophyses.

Fam. 10. Sillaginide.

Spinous dorsal separate, of slender spines, less extended

than the soft dorsal or anal; later with 2 spines. Treth on

the vomer; jaws normally formed; maxillary concealed

beneath the expanded preorbital. Vertebree 33 (15418) ;

preecaudals with parapophyses from the third ; all the ribs

on parapophyses. In all other characters essentially similar

to the Latilide.

Fam, 11. Lactariide.

Lactarius has the general characters of the Serranide, but

there is no subocular shelf, the spinous dorsal is short,

separate, of slender spines, and the soft dorsal and anal are

long, covered with small scales. Mouth terminal, oblique,

with the lower jaw prominent; maxillary exposed, with

Classijication of the Perco'd Fishes. 117

supramaxillary; jaws with small pointed teeth and anterior

canines ; teeth on vomer and palatines. Upper surface of

head with large muciferous cavities, bordered by the parietal

crests, which are continued forward to the anterior extremity

of the frontals. Vertebree 24 (10+14) ; last 5 precaudals

with downwardly directed parapophyses; 4 ribs sessile, 4 on

parapophyses.

Fam. 12. Bathyclupeide.

Bathyclupea, sometimes associated with Pempheris, differs

from it externally in that the dorsal fin lacks spines and

there is but a single anal spine, as well as in the presence

of a supramaxillary ; the skeleton differs in that the hypo-

coracoids are narrowed forward below and the vertebrz

number 31 (l0+21). It seems probable that Bathyclupea

is related to Lactarius, from which it differs especially in

the absence of the spinous dorsal fin and the presence of a

subocular shelf.

Fam. 13. Labracoglosside.

The genera Labracoglossa (Cypselichthys), Bathystethus

(Platystethus), and Lvistius have the fins formed as in

Lactarius, except that the dorsal is continuous. Mouth

terminal, oblique, with the lower jaw included; maxillary

exposed, without supramaxillary ; minute teeth in the jaws,

without canines ; palate with or without teeth. No large

muciferous cavities on the head, the parietal crests, if

developed, commencing belind the orbit, not extending

forward in advance of the insertion of the trunk-muscles,

No subocular shelf.

I have examined spirit-specimens, and, judging by the

distance between the ribs, I estimate that the vertebrie

number 24 in all 3 genera.

Fam. 14. Pomatomide.

Searcely distinct from the Serranide, but the separate

spinous dorsal of a few slender spines, and the first

anal spine very small, often overgrown. Preeoperculum

with a membranous flap produced over the suboperculum.

Vertebrae 26 (10-114 15-16); praecaudals with downwardly

directed parapophyses from the sixth; first four ribs sessile ;

rest attached near the extremities of the parapoplhyses.

In Pomatomus (Temnodon) and Scombrops (incl. Tele-

scopias) scales are present, the soft dorsal and anal are

118 Mr. ©. 'T. Regan on the

densely scaly, the jaws have a series of strong pointed teeth,

with afew inner teeth anteriorly in the upper, smaller teeth

are present on the vomer and palatines, a supramaxillary is

present and is rather abnormal in form, having a well-marked

projection superiorly. Gymnapogon (Regan, Ann. & Mag.

N. H. (7) xv. 1905, p. 19) is near Scambrops, but there are

no scales and the supramaxillary is absent.

Fam. 15. Rhachicentride *.

The spinous dorsal of a few short free spines and the long

soft dorsal and anal distinguish Rhachicentrum from the

Serranide ; the skull is depressed, flattish above, with the

exoccipital condyles wide apart, and there is no subocular

shelf; otherwise the skeleton is Serranid.

Fam. 16. Carangide.

Differ from the Serranidz in the shorter spinous dorsal,

with the spines slender or short, the longer soft dorsal and

anal, the detachment of the two first anal spines from the

rest of the fin, the more widely forked caudal, with the bases

of the rays embracing the hypurals to a greater extent, and

the more slender caudal peduncle. Head-skeleton and

pectoral arch as in the Serranidee. Vertebra usually 24

(10+ 14) (10415 in Naucrates, 10+16 in Scombroides,

10+17 in Paropsis). In Seriola, Caranx, and their allies, the

anterior ribs are sessile and most of the ribs are inserted on

parapophyses when these are developed, but in Trachynotus,

Lichia, Paropsis, Scombroides, &c., parapophyses are de-

veloped from the third or fourth vertebra, but the ribs, except

the last two pairs, are sessile.

Fam. 17. Menide.

The very aberrant Mene may perhaps be related to the

Carangide, from which it differs externally in the absence

of dorsal and anal spines. The inner apophyses of the

maxillaries are compressed into vertical laminz, with their

lower edges articulating in a pair of parallel grooves separated

by a median ridge on the antero-superior surface of the

vomer; a similar arrangement occurs in the Carangid

Micropteryx. There is a strong occipital crest; the post-

orbital part of the skull is elevated and the epiotics meet

behind the supracccipital. There are 23 vertebra (9+14) ;

* Cf. Regan, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) iii. 1909, p. 68,

Classification of the Percoid Fishes. 119

the enlarged first pair of ribs articulate with tle post-

cleithra, are sessile on the third vertebra, and are supported

by the strong parapophyses of the fourth and fifth vertebre ;

the other ribs are inserted on parapoplhiyses.

Fam. 18. Bramide.

Dorsal and anal fins long, without true spines, but with a

few of the anterior graduated rays non-articulated ; caudal

fin as in the Carangide ; scales large. Skull with parallel

occipital and parietal crests extending to the anterior edge

of the frontals as in typical Carangid, but the former very

high and with the edge nearly vertical anteriorly ; meseth-

moid hollowed out for the vertical premaxillary pedicels ;

no subocular shelf. Vertebra 42 to 47 ; most of the ribs at

the extremities of closed hemal arches,

Some species of Serie/a approximate very closely to Brama

in cranial structure.

Fam. 19. Coryphenide.

Differ from the Bramide in the small scales and in the

structure of the vertebral column ; 30 to 33 vertebre, tle

precaudals without parapophyses, the ribs and epipleurals

inserted together on the centra,

Fam. 20. Centropomide.

Closely related to the Serranidz and Lutianide. Spinous

and soft portions of the dorsal separate or united, subequal,

the former of 7 to 9 strong spines ; anal as long as or alittle

shorter than soft dorsal, with 3. spines; pelvic with a scaly

axillary process. Mouth moderately protractile; teeth acute

or obtuse, in jaws and on vomer and palatines ; maxillary

exposed. Subocular shelf broadest posteriorly. Lateral

line extending on caudal fin. Vertebre 24 or 25

(10-12 + 13-15) ; anterior preecaudals without parapophyses ;

first 3 to 5 ribs sessile.

The genera may be arranged thus :—

I. Parietal and occipital crests; operculum ending in a spine; a

supramaxillary ; a continuous dorsal fin; 25 vertebre.

Glaucosoma, Psammoperca, Lates.

II. An occipital, but no parietal crests ; frontals with strongly developed

muciferous channels; operculum without spine; preeoperculum

with a double ridge ; 24 vertebre.

A. Dorsals separate; a supramaxillary .... Centropomus.

B. Dorsals connected ; no supramaxillary .. Ambassis,

120 Mr. C. T. Regan on the

Fam, 21. Arripidide.

Arripis scarcely deserves to be placed in a distinct family

from Glaucosoma, which it resembles in the structure of the

mouth, the dentition, the presence of a pelvic axillary

process, &c, The spinous portion of the dorsal fin, of 9

sleuder spines, is much shorter than the extended soft-rayed

part, which is considerably longer than the anal. The

lateral line ends or becomes indistinct at the base of the

caudal fin. Occipital crest short and parietal crests very

small ; vertebra 25 (10+ 15); first 5 without parapophyses ;

first 3 ribs sessile,

The absence of large muciferous channels on the frontals,

the broad subocular shelf, the maxillary exposed as in typical

Serranide and bearing a supramaxillary, the vomerine and

palatine teeth, and the 3 anal spines distinguish this genus

from the Sciznidz, to which it is only remotely related.

Fam, 22. Erythrichthyide.

Mouth toothless, strongly protractile; pramaxilaries

normally formed, their pedicels reaching an interorbital

depression of the frontals; maxillary very broad, with a

well-developed supramaxillary which slips under the preorbital.

In other characters essentially Lutianid; vertebrae 24

(10+14); first rib sessile, next 4 or 5 on very short para-

pophyses, last 2 or 3 on well-developed parapophyses.

A single genus, Erythrichthys, rather similar to Arripis in

cranial ostcology.

Fam. 23. Lutianide.

Spinous dorsal well developed ; soft dorsal not much

longer than anal; 3 anal spines ; caudal with 17 principal

rays, 15 branched; pelvics thoracic, each of a spine and

5 branched rays, with a scaly axillary process. Two nostrils

on each side. Gill-membranes free from the isthmus ; 5 to

7 branchiostegals; 4 gills; pseudobranchiz present. Mouth

protractile; villiform or obtusely conical teeth in the jaws and

often on vomer and palatines; each premaxillary ramus

with a posterior process or expansion internal to the

maxillary ; each maxillary ramus broadest distally, not over-

lapped externally by the extremity of the premaxillary,

slipping under the preorbital and first suborbital for at least

the greater part of the length of its upperedge. Outer face

of palatine flattish or concave, without distinct ridge. A

ee a ee

Classtfication of the Percoid Fishes, 121

strong subocular shelf. Occipital and_ parietal crests

developed. Vertebree always 24 (10+14); first 2 to 6

without parapophyses ; first 1 to 4 ribs sessile.

Principal genera: Lutianus, Genyoroge, Hoplopagrus,

Aspilus, Chetopterus, Odontonectes, Cesio, Aphareus, Aprion,

Propoma, Etelis, Verilus.

Fam. 24. Nemipteride.

Dorsal X 9. Anal III 7-8. Palate toothless ; maxillary

ramus as broad just below its palatine articulation as it is

distally ; outer face of palatine with a strong ridge from the

base of the maxillary process to the pterygoid. Vertebrze 24

(10+ 14); all the preecaudals with parapophyses and all

the ribs on parapophyses. In other characters essentially

similar to the Lutianide.

Principal genera: Heterognathodon, Nemipterus, Scolopsis.

Fam. 25. Lobotide.

Closely allied to the Lutianide, but with the palate

toothless and with no subocular shelf.

Two genera, Lodotes and Datnioides ; in both the maxillary

is sheathed throughout its length and the scaly axillary

process of the pelvic fin is developed. The occipitai crest

does not extend forward on to the frontals, but is elevated

and has the auterior edge thickened ; the parietal crests are

weak. Vertebre 24 (10+14 in Datnioides, 12+12 in

Lobotes) ; in Datnioides the first 6 preecaudals without para-

pophyses, the first 4 ribs sessile, the last 4 on parapophyses;

in Lobotes the first 5 preecaudals without parapophyses, the

first 4 or 5 ribs sessile, the last 5 or 6 on parapophyses. In

Datnivides the premaxillary pedicels are long and extend to

above the posterior margin of the orbit; they lie in a de-

pression of the frentals; in Lobotes they are of moderate

length and do not reach the frontals.

Fam. 26, Liognathide.

Closely related to the Lutianide. Dorsal fin depressible

in a sheath, with 9 or 10 spines, the first short, the second

the longest ; soft rays subequal ; 2 to5 anal spines. Pelvics

with large axillary processes. Mouth very protractile, the

long premaxillary pedicels lying in a groove or chamber

formed by the bifurcation of the occipital crest ; maxillary

variable in form, but always with the anterior edge curved

122 Mr. C. T. Regan on the

more or less in the shape of an S; distal extremity exposed ;

no supramaxillary ; palate toothless. Vertebrae 24(10+4 14);

first 3 without parapophyses; first rib sessile, rest on

parapophyses.

In Gerres, Eucinostomus, &c., there are 10 soft rays in the

dorsal fin and the second suborbital emits a triangular

internal lamina; in Pentaprion, Liognathus, and Gazza

there are 15 or 16 soft rays in the dorsal fin, the suborbitals

are not or but feebly ossified, and there is no subocular shelf.

'The two last-named genera differ from the others in their

small scales and in having the gill-membranes attached to

the isthmus.

Fam. 27. Pomadaside.

Closely related to the Lutianide, differing especially in

the absence of a subocular shelf. Palate toothless, or small

teeth on the vomer, Vertebrz 26-27 (10-11 +16-17), the

precaudals with parapophyses from the third or fourth, the

ribs inserted on the parapophyses when these are developed.

Outer face of palatine with a ridge along its posterior edge.

Principal genera: Xenichihys, Xenocys, Xenistius, Para-

pristipoma, Plectorhynchus, Boridia, Conodon, Pomadasis,

Hemutlon.

Fam. 28. Scienide.

After the exclusion of Arripis this is avery natural group,

closely related to the Lutianide, differing especially in that

the soft dorsal is usually more elongate and the anal has

only one or two spines; the scaly axillary process of the

pelvic fin may be present or absent. The mouth is formed

as in the Lutianide, the maxillary without a supramaxillary,

either concealed or at least slipping under the przorbital

and first suborbital for the entire length of its upper edge ;

the teeth in the jaws are usually villiform, sometimes

lanceolate ; the palate is toothless. Muciferous channels

are weil developed on the upper surface of the head ; the

subocular shelf, when present, is a small and usually slender

process of the second suborbital. The vertebree number 24

to 30; the anterior precaudals without parapophyses and

with sessile ribs, the posterior ribs inserted on parapophyses.

The genera of this very varied family are numerous

(cf. Jord. & Everm. Fish N. Am. p. 1392).

Boulenger’s definition, that the anal is much shorter than

the soft dorsal, does not hold good. Seriphus, Ayres, with

the anal fin rather longer than the soft dorsal, has the

skeleton of a typical Scizenid.

Classification of the Percoid Fishes. 123

Fam. 29. Mullide.

Spinous dorsal short, of 6 to 8 slender spines, well

separated from the short soft dorsal, which is similar to the

anal; 1 or 2 anal spines; caudal with 15 principal rays,

13 branched; pelvics thoracic, each of a spine and 5 soft

rays, with a scaly axillary process. Two nostrils on each

side. Gill-membranes free from the isthmus; 4 branchio-

stegals; 4 gills; pseudobranchize present. A pair of long

barbels attached to the hyoid behind the symphysis of the

lower jaw. Mouth protractile ; villiform teeth in the jaws

and often on vomer and palatines ; premaxillary rami long,

without distinct posterior processes or expansions ; maxillary

rami usually broadest distally, not overlapped externally by

the premaxillaries, sheathed for the greater part of their

length. Palatine without ridge. A strong subocular shelf.

Occipital and parietal crests developed. Vertebre 24

(10+ 14) ; all the precaudals with parapophyses and all the

ribs on parapophyses. os

This family differs from the Lutianidz in several characters

of specialization.

Principal genera: Mullus, Mulloides, Upeneus, Upeneoides,

Upeneichthys.

Fam, 30. Lethrinide.

Closely related to the Lutianide. Gill-membranes broadly

united, but free from the isthmus. Anterior teeth villiform,

with canines ; lateral teeth conical or obtuse, in a single

‘series ; palate toothless. Przemaxillaries with rather long

pedicels and short rami, the latter without posterior expan-

sions or processes and with their distal ends internal to the

maxillaries. Occipital crest strong; parietal crests strong

or moderate. Vertebre 24 (10+14), all the pracaudals

with parapophyses, all the ribs, or all but the first, inserted

on the parapophyses.

The three genera may be grouped thus :—

I. Subocular shelf small, emitted by the second suborbital but mainly

internal to the first; maxillary with a very broad posterior

expansion below its articulation with the palatine; maxillary

process of palatine normal; outer face of palatine with a prominent

ridge which extends on tothe pterygoid,. Pentapus, Spherodon.

lI. Subocular shelf vestigial, a minute process of the second suborbital

at its junction with the first; maxillary with a moderately broad

posterior expansion, which is overlapped by a tlattish downwardly

curved brauch of the maxillary process of the palatine; outer face

of palatine without ridge .............. Lethrinus.

124 Mr. C. T. Regan on the

Fam. 31. Sparide.

Differ from the Lutianidze especially in that the distal end

of the preemaxillary ramus overlaps the maxillary externally.

Mouth moderately protractile, the premaxillary pedicels not

or scarcely reaching the frontals ; maxillary more or less

expanded forward distally, but without distinct notch in its

anterior edge ; palate toothless. A strong subocular shelf,

developed forwards from the second suborbital and mainly

internal to the first. Occipital and parietal crests well

developed. Vertebrae 24 (10+ 14).

The principal genera may be arranged thus :—

I. Preecandal vertebre with parapophyses from the third; first rib

‘sessile; teeth conical, with anterior canines,

Dentex.

II. All the pracaudals with parapophyses and all the ribs on

parapophyses.

A. No canines; no transverse series of a few enlarged anterior

teeth.

Teeth villiform, in bands, anteriorly acute,

laterally conical or obtuse ........ Pagellus.

Teeth villiform or cardiform, in bands, the

outer series compressed, lanceolate... Gymmnocrotaphus, Cantharus.

A single series of INCISORS, | /2':, Was Hep Bow, Scatharus.

Anteriorly a series of incisors with small

obtuse teeth behind them; lateral

teeblee yalatoOrm srk! «5 oe de ng ieee ee Oblata.

Two series of incisors and within them 2 ,

Ole RELIES OL MOlATS «5 as sats bs tee Crenidens.

B. Anteriorly a transverse series of a few enlarged canines or incisors;

laterally 2 to 4 series of molars.

Calamus, Stenotomus, Sparus, Pagrus, Diplodus, Chrysophrys.

Fam. 32. Menide.

Closely related to the Sparidze. Maxillary with a notch

in its anterior edge for the reception of the distal end of the

premaxillary ramus; mouth very protractile, the pre-

maxillary pedicels extending to the occiput ; small pointed

teeth in the jaws and sometimes on the vomer. Subocular

shelf quite small, developed forwards from the anterior end

of the second suborbital. Occipital crest short, rather weak ;

parietal crests feeble. Vertebree 24 (10+ 14) ; all the pre-

caudals with parapophyses and all the ribs on parapophyses.

Genera: Mena and Smaris.

Classification of the Percoid Fishes. 125

Fam. 33. Monodactylide.

This family includes 3 genera with the body deep and

strongly compressed, the dorsal and anal long and covered

with scales, the former preceded by 5 to 8 graduated spines,

the latter by 3, and the pelvic fins small or even vestigial,

inserted below the pectorals. Mouth normally formed,

terminal, oblique, protractile, with small villiform teeth in

the jaws and on the palate; maxillary exposed distally,

without supramaxillary. Gill-membranes free from the

isthmus. <A strong occipital crest extending forward to the

anterior margin of the froutals. Vertebre 24 (10414) ;

preecaudals with parapophyses from the third or fourth ;

ribs, except the last pair, sessile, inserted behind and above

the parapophyses.

The recently described Bramichthys (Waite, Rec. Austral.

Mus. vi. p. 72, pl. xiv.) differs from Monodactylus in the

cycloid scales, and in the normally formed pelvic fins with a

scaly axillary process. Monodactylus has the body ovate or

nearly circular and the pelvic fins very small, with a short

stout spine and no axillary process ; a subocular shelf is

present and the pelvic bones are merely coalescent by their

inner edges, Psettus differs not only in the very deep and

abnormally formed body, but in the absence of a subocular

shelf and the ankylosis of the pelvic bones.

The Eocene Amphistium may belong to this family.

Fam. 34. Pempheride.

Except for the shortness of the dorsal fin Pempheris shows

considerable resemblance to the Monodactylide (especially

Bramichthys) in external characters. The head-skeleton is

very like that of Alonodactylus, but the pectoral arch differs

in the greater expansion of the hypocoracoids, The vertebrz

number 24 (10+14), the caudals rather elongate; the

anterior ribs are sessile, but the last 5 are inserted on

well-developed parapophyses.

Fam. 35. Toxotide.

Dorsal rather short, above the anal, preceded by 5 strong

spines ; soft dorsal and anal scaly ; pelvic fins well developed,

below the pectorals, with scaly axillary process. Mouth

rather large, terminal, oblique, p:otractile, with small villi-

form teeth in the jaws and on the palate; maxillary very

126 Mr. C. T. Regan on the

slender, without supramaxillary. No subocular shelf. Gill-

membranes free from the isthmus. Head flattish above,

with the occipital crest short and the parietal crests vestigial.

Vertebrae 24 (10+14); precaudals with parapophyses from

the third ; ribs, except the last pair, sessile, inserted behind

and above the parapophyses.

Toxotes may be, in my opinion, rather closely related to

the Monodactylide.

Fam. 36. Scorpidida.

Spinous dorsal well developed; soft dorsal and anal

densely scaly; 3 anal spines ; pelvics normally developed,

with scaly axillary processes, well behind the pectorals,

the pelvic bones elongate. Mouth moderately protractile,

normally formed ; maxillary more or less exposed distally,

without supramaxillary ; jaws with villiform or slightly

compressed and lanceolate teeth in bands; teeth usually

present on vomer and palatines, A subocular shelf.

Vertebree 25 (10+ 15) ; preecaudals with parapophyses from

the third or fifth ; ribs, except the last pair, sessile, inserted

above and behind the parapophyses.

In Scorpis the vertebre number 25 (10415), the pre-

caudals with parapophyses from the third; the strong

occipital and parietal crests end at a transverse ridge which

forms the posterior border of the frontals, which are rather

strongly elevated posteriorly.

The skeleton of Medialuna is precisely similar to that of

Scorpis, and the two genera differ only in the dentition and

in the form of the spinous dorsal. Atypichthys is very near

Medialuna, but parapophyses commence on the fifth vertebra

and the frontals are less elevated posteriorly. Neatypus

and Atyposoma are the remaining genera of this family.

Fam. 37. Cyphoside.

Differs from the preceding especially in the absence of a

subocular shelf and in the dentition, the jaws having an

outer series of strong incisors implanted by horizontal roots,

with a series of smali villiform teeth behind them. Vertebrz

26 (10+26); praecaudals with transverse processes from the

fourth ; ribs, except the last, sessile; first epipleural

expanded, laminar.

Genera: Cyphosus, Sectator, Hermosilia.

TI have examined the skeleton of C. boscii, which is

extremely similar to that of Atypichthys.

Classification of the Percoid Fishes. 127

Fam. 38. Girellide.

Probably related to the Scorpidide and Cyphoside, to

which they bear a considerable resemblance. Mouth small ;

maxillary concealed beneath the preorbital and first sub-

orbital ; no supramaxillary ; jaws with bands of incisors ;

palate toothless. A subocular shelf. Vertebre 27 (11+ 16);

all the precaudals with parapophyses and all the ribs

inserted on parapophyses.

I have examined the skeleton in Girella, Melambaphes,

and Doydixodon, which differ in their osteology from the

Scorpidide only in the structure of the vertebral column

and the attachment of the ribs. Proteracanthus is near

Doydixodon, but has the gill-membranes broadly joined to

the isthmus.

Tephreops, Pachymepoton, and Dipterodon probably

pertain to this family.

Fam. 39. Ephippide.

Body deep, compressed. Soft dorsal and anal densely

scaly; 3 anal spines; caudal of 17 principal rays, 15

branched. Gill-membranes broadly attached to the isthmus.

Mouth small, terminal, not or scarcely protractile; jaws

with bands of setiform teeth ; palate toothless. An elevated

occipital crest ; no parietal crests. Vertebre 24 (10+ 14);

preecaudals with parapophyses from the fourth ; ribs, except

the last 2 pairs, sessile.

Ephippus has a distinct spinous dorsal and a broad sub-

ocular shelf. Platax and Parapsettus have the dorsal spines

graduated and the subocular shelf very feeble.

Fam. 40. Drepanide.

In general form, development of the vertical fins, dentition,

structure of the skull, and vertebral column, similar to the

. Ephipphide. Mouth protractile, with the maxillary exposed

distally. No subocular shelf.

Fam. 41. Scatophagide *.

Body deep, compressed. Spinous dorsal well developed ;

anal spines 4; caudal of 16 principal rays, 14 branched ;

pelvic axillary process present. Gill-membranes forming

* Cf. Gill, Proc, U.S. Nat, Mus. xiii. 1891, p. 355,

128 Mr. ©. T. Regan on the

a fold across the isthmus, to which they are narrowly

attached. Mouth small, terminal, transverse, not protractile ;

jaws with bands of setiform teeth; palate toothless. An

elevated occipital crest; no parietal crests; a subocular

shelf. Vertebraee 23 (10+13) ; last 3 preecaudals with para-

pophyses ; ribs sessile, inserted high up on the centra or on

the bases of the neural arches.

Fam. 42. Chetodontide.

Body deep, compressed. Spinous dorsal well developed ;

soft dorsal and anal densely scaly; anal spines 3 or 4;

caudal of 17 principal rays, 15 branched; pelvic axillary

process present. Gill-membranes sometimes united, but

free from the isthmus, more often narrowly attached to the

isthmus. Mouth small, terminal, protractile; jaws with

bands of setiform teeth; palate toothless. An elevated

occipital crest: no parietal crests; a subocular shelf.

Vertebrie 24 (10+14); pracaudals with transverse processes ;

ribs much expanded proximally, inserted on the trausverse

processes, with which they form an extended articulation.

Principal genera: Chetodon, Chelmo, Heniochus, Hola-

canthus, Pomacanthus.

Fam. 43. Enoploside.

Enoplosus appears to be at least as closely related to the

Histiopteridze as to the Scorpididz. It resembles the Histio-

pteridze in the large pelvic fins with long and strong spines

placed below or slightly behind the pectorals, the short

and broad pelvic bones, the occipital crest with the anterior

edge thickened, the absence of parietal crests, &e. Mouth

normally formed; maxillary exposed distally, with supra-

maxillary ; villiform teeth in jaws and on vomer and

palatines ; preorbital normally attached to Jateral ethmoid,

forming part of the border of the orbit; a subocular shelf.

Vertebree 26 (104+ 16); preecaudals with parapophyses from -

the fifth ; ribs, except the last pair, sessile.

Fam. 44. Histiopteride.

Differs from the preceding especially in that the preorbital

is displaced forward, not entering the orbit, and in the

vertebral column, which comprises 25 vertebre (13412),

the precaudals with parapophyses from the fourth or fifth,

Classification of the Percoid Fishes. 129

the ribs inserted on the parapophyses. There is no supra-

maxillary and the external bones of the head are rugose,

uncovered by skin.

Jordan (Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xxxii. 1907, p. 235) details

the external characters of the family and gives a synopsis of

the genera. I have examined the skeleton in Histiopterus

aud Pentaceropsis.

Fam. 45. Pristolepide.

Mouth small, moderately protractile, the premaxillary

pedicels not reaching the frontals. Jaws formed as in the

Lutianidz, with villiform teeth ; teeth on vomer, palatines,

and parasphenoid. Pseudobranchiz absent; gill-membranes

united. Spinous dorsal well developed; 3 anal spines ;

caudal of 14 principal rays, 12 branched. Lateral line

interrupted. Vertebre 25 or 26 (13-14+412); pracaudals

with parapophyses from the third or fourth ; ribs sessile,

inserted above and behind the parapophyses.

This family includes two genera only, Pristolepis, Jerd.,

and Badis, Bleek. Both have a well-developed meso-

pterygoid, which in Pristolepis bears a patch of conical

teeth. In Pristolepis the parasphenoid teeth are obtuse,

rounded molars ; they form a large patch in the roof of the

mouth which is opposed to a similar group of teeth on

the tongue; the first 3 suborbitals give rise to a rather broad

subocular shelf, the supraoccipital and parietal crests are

strong and the pelvic fin has a scaly axillary process. In

Badis the parasphenoid teeth are conical and form a small

group, which is placed posteriorly ; the suborbitals are not

ossified and there is no subocular shelf; the skull is smooth

and rounded above, the occipital crest does not extend

forward on to the frontals, parietal crests are not developed,

and the pelvic fin has no scaly axillary process.

Fam. 46. Nandide.

Mouth large, very protractile, the pramaxillary pedicels

long, lying in a hollow formed by the bifurcation of the

occipital crest ; distal extremity of premaxillary ramus

articulated to outer face of maxillary ; maxillary exposed ;

no supramaxillary. Villiform teeth in the jaws and on

vomer aud palatines. Pseudobranchi# absent; gill-mem-

branes not united. Spinous dorsal well developed ; anal

spines 3 or 4; caudal of 14 or 16 principal rays, 12 or 14

branched ; pelvic fin without scaly axillary process. Lateral

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol, xii. Y

130 Mr. C. T. Regan on the

line interrupted. Vertebre 23 (10-13+ 10-13); preecaudals

with parapophyses from the seventh or eighth; last 2 to 4

pairs of ribs on parapophyses,

All the genera have a _ well-developed mesopterygoid.

Nandus has 3 or 4 anal spines, a very small patch of teeth

on the parasphenoid just in front of the upper pharyngeals,

13+10 vertebre, and no subocular shelf.

Polycentrus and Polycentropsis have numerous anal spines,

no parasphenoidal teeth, and 10+13 vertebra. In Poly-

centrus the subocular shelf is narrow, in Polycentropsis it is

a triangular lamina. Monocirrus is allied to Polycentrus.

Fam. 47. Hoplegnathide.

Probably related to the Lutianidz and Lethrinide, from

which they differ especially in that the mouth is non-

protractile, the maxillaries are firmly attached to the pre-

maxillaries, and the teeth are fused to form a beak, much as

in the Scaridz. Premaxillary rami short ; maxillary with

a large posterior expansion just below its palatine articula-

tion; palatine normal. Subocular shelf developed forward

from the second suborbital, but mainly internal to the first.

Gill-membranes broadly united, but free from the isthmus.

Pelvic fin with a scaly axillary process. Vertebre 25

(10+15); preecaudals with parapophyses from the fourth ;

ribs, except the first, imserted on parapophyses.

Fam. 48. Cichlide.

Fins usually as in the Serranide and other generalized

Perciformes. A single nostril on each side; lower pharyn-

geals attached by their inner edges or united by suture; no

subocular shelf.

Fam. 49. Cepolide.

Body very elongate and strongly compressed ; no lateral

line. Dorsal and anal very long, without spinous rays, con-

nected with the reduced caudal, of about 10 rays; pelvics

scarcely in advance of the pectorals, each of a spine and

5 branched rays, without axillary process. Two nostrils on

each side. Mouth protractile, termimal, oblique; jaws

normally formed; maxillary exposed, without supramaxillary;

villiform teeth in the jaws; palate toothless. Gill-mem-

branes not united, free from the isthmus; 6 branchiostegals ;

4 gills; pseudobranchie present. Subocular shelf absent

Classification of the Percoid Fishes. 131

or very narrow. Occipital crest short, not prominent; no

parietal crests. Vertebrae numerous, 65-100, equal in number

to the dorsal rays (in C. rubescens 15+54); precaudals

with parapophyses from the eighth ; ribs on parapophyses

when these are developed.

Genera: Cepola and Acanthocepola.

The Cepolidz are aberrant Serranide, and differ from that

family in little but the absence of spinous rays in the

vertical fins, the reduced caudal, the elongate form, and in-

creased number of vertebree.

Division 2. CiRRHITIFORMES.

I have already dealt with this group in a separate paper

(Ann. & Mag. N. H. (8) vii. 191], pp. 259-262).

The *pharyngognathous ” fishes of the order Percomorphi

form three well-marked and probably not specially related

groups, which resemble each other in the ankylosis of the

lower pharyngeals to form a single bone. Were it not for

this all three would be included in the division Perciformes,

since their external and anatomical characters are those of

typical perciform fishes.

Division 3. DitReMIFrorRMEs.

Lower pharyngeals ankylosed to form a triangular plate ;

second upper pharyngeals absent, third and fourth united.

A subocular shelf. A single postcleithrum on each side.

Vertebree 32 to 42 (18-19 + 19-23) ; first centrum rigidly

united to skull; ribs sessile, attached to the centra above

the parapophyses. ‘Two nostrils on each side. Four gilis.

This division includes but a single family, Ditremide,

viviparous shore-fishes of the North Pacific.

Division 4. PoMAcENTRIFORMES.

Lower pharyngeals ankylosed to form a subtriangular

plate ; second upper pharyngeals distinct, third and fourth

united. A subocular shelf. Two postcleithra on each side.

Vertebre 26 (11415) ; first centrum normally articulated

with skull; ribs inserted in sockets at the distal extremities

of transverse parapophyses. A single nostril on each side,

34 gills.

This division also includes but a single family, the Poma-

centridz, littoral fishes of warm seas,

132 Mr. C. T. Regan on the

Division 5. LAaBrirorMEs.

Lower pharyngeals ankylosed ; second upper pharyngeals

united with third and fourth. No subocular shelf. Two

postcleithra on each side. Vertebre 23 to 53 (9-31 + 14-22) ;

first centrum normally articulated with skull; ribs attached

above and behind parapophyses, which usually bear them

away from the centra. Two nostrils on each side. 34 gills.

Fam. 1. Labride.

Mouth protractile; premaxillary pedicels well developed,

usually extending to the frontals ; dentary firmly attached

to articular. Teeth in jaws usually separate. Dentigerous

portion of lower pharyngeal ovate, triangular, Y-shaped or

T-shaped, with conical, granular, or molariform teeth; upper

pharyngeals similarly toothed, stout bones with concave

upper surfaces supported by a pair of convex apophyses of

the parasphenoid. Each pelvic fin of a spine and 5 branched

rays. Vertebre 23 to 41 (9-20+ 14-22) ; pracaudals with

parapophyses ; all the ribs on parapophyses (except in

Epibulus).

Subfam. 1. Jorrpryz.

Dorsal VITI-XI 9-14, the spines all similar. Anal

TI-III 9-14. Vertebre 24 to 26 (9-10415-16); all the

ribs on parapophyses. Jaws with conical or compressed

teeth, the anterior more or less enlarged and canine-like;

lower pharyngeal triangular or Y-shaped, with conical or

obtuse teeth. Frontals hollowed out anteriorly for reception

of the praemaxillary pedicels ; occipital and parietal crests

not extending forward beyond middle of orbits.

The genera may be thus arranged :—

I, Lateral line continuous; cheeks and opercles scaly ; 9 to 11 dorsal

spines .......- Pteragogus, Duymeria, Labrichthys, Labroides,

II. Lateral line interrupted; cheeks and opercles scaly ; 9 dorsal spines.

Doratonotus.

ILI. Lateral line continuous; head naked ; 8 or 9 dorsal spines.

Anampses, Hemigymnus, Julis, Leptojulis, Pseu-

dojulis, Stethojulis, Platyglossus, Halicheres, Iri dies

Guentheria, Corts, Cheilio, Gomphosus,

Fishes of tropical and subtropical seas.

Classification of the Percoid Iishes. 133

Subfam. 2. Xyricuruyvin.

Dorsal IX 12, the two anterior spines flexible, often form-

ing a separate fin. Anal I11 12. Vertebre 25 (9+16) ;

all the ribs on parapophyses. ‘Teeth in jaws conical, with

anterior canines ; lower pharyngeal triangular or Y-shaped,

with conical teeth. Frontals not hollowed out anteriorly ;

parietal crests vestigial or absent.

Cymolutes, Novaculichthys, Xyrichthys, Iniistius, from

tropical and subtropical seas.

Subfam. 3. Cyermrrm2z.

Dorsal IX-X1T9-11. AnalTII 8-9. Vertebre 23 (9 + 14);

all the ribs on parapophyses. Teeth in jaws conical, with

anterior canines ; lower pharyngeal T-shaped, with conical

or obtuse teeth. Frontals not hollowed out anteriorly ; occi-

pital and parietal crests strong, extending forward to above

anterior margin of orbit. Mouth moderately protractile, the

premaxillary pedicels not reaching the frontals ; hyopalatine

bones normal.

Cheilinus, Pseudocheilinus, Cirrhilabrus, from the Indo-

Pacific.

Subfam. 4. Hprevrrm2z.

Differ from the preceding in that the first 3 ribs are sessile

and in the extraordinarily protractile mouth, the premaxillary

pedicels reaching the occiput and flattening out the occipital

crest. The palatine is disconnected from the suspensorium,

the pterygoid and mesopterygoid are absent, and the proximal

end of the long slender quadrate is movably articulated with

the preoperculum and the lower ends of the metapterygoid

and symplectic.

Eypibulus insidiator from the Indo-Pacific.

Subfam. 5. Czrepricrv 2x.

Dorsal XI110. Anal III 12. Vertebre 27 (10+17).

Mouth small, strongly protractile, feebly toothed. Lower

pharyngeal small, Y-shaped; teeth of upper and lower

pharyngeals confluent, forming vertical plates with denticu-

lated edges.

Cleplicus parre, Schneid., from the West Indies,

134 Mr. C. T. Regan on the

Subfam. 6. Harprrva.

Dorsal XI-XIV 7-11. Anal III 9-14. Vertebre 27-30

(11-138 + 16-17) ; all the ribs on parapophyses. Teeth in

jaws conical, uniserial, with anterior canines; lower pharyn-

geal a subtriangular or T-shaped plate, broader than long,

with blunt teeth forming a pavement. Frontals hollowed

out anteriorly for reception of the premaxillary pedicels ;

occipital crest strong aud parietal crests well developed.

Lachnolaimus, Harpe, Pimelometopon, Semicossyphus, Tro-

chocopus, Decodon, Xiphochilus, Cherops, from tropical and

temperate seas.

Subfam. 7. PsrvpopacinZ.

Dorsal XI 12. Anal III 14. Jaws anteriorly with two

pairs of broad incisors ; lateral teeth confluent to form a

sharp-edged plate. Lower pharyngeal an ovate plate with

concave upper surface, much longer than broad, with several

series of obtuse teeth forming a pavement and with a short

anterior stem bearing a single series of 3 conical teeth.

Pseudodax moluccanus, Cuv. & Val., from the Indian

Ocean and Archipelago, seems not very remote from Cherops.

Subfam. 8. Lasrrvz.

Dorsal XITI-X XI 8-14, the spines pungent. Anal IIJ—

V1 7-11, not longer than the soft dorsal. Vertebre 81-41

(138-20 + 18-22) ; all the ribs on parapophyses. Jaws with

conical teeth increasing in size anteriorly ; lower pharyngeal

a subtriangular plate, with the teeth acutely or obtusely

conical. Froutals hollowed out anteriorly for reception of

the premaxillary pedicels ; occipital and parietal crests well

developed.

Labrus, Crenilabrus, Ctenolabrus, Tautogolabrus, Tautoga,

Acantholubrus, Centrolabrus, from the North Atlantic and

Mediterranean.

Subfam. 9. Maracoprerin x.

Dorsal X VIII 14, the spines flexible. Anal III 18, longer

than soft dorsal. Teeth in jaws conical, uniserial, enlarged

anteriorly.

Malacopterus reticulatus, Cuv. & Val., from Chile.

Fam. 2. Odacide.

Mouth non-protractile, but jaws formed as in the Labride;

Classification of the Percoid Fishes. 135

teeth in jaws coalescent, forming a sharp-edged plate;

pharyngeals as in the Labride ; pharyngeal teeth granular,

forming a pavement. Dorsal spines flexible, numerous (16

to 24); each pelvic fin of a spine and 4 soft rays. Scales

small or moderate ; lateral line continuous. Skull flattish

above, with a more or less distinct interorbital depression

for the reception of the premaxillary pedicels ; a short occi-

pital, but no parietal crests. Vertebrz 36 to 53 (19-31 + 17-

22) ; all the ribs on parapophyses,

Four genera: Olistherops, Coridodax, Odax, and Siphono-

gnathus, from the coasts of Australia and New Zealand.

Siphonognathus is a remarkable type, very elongate, with the

head like that of a Fistularia, and without pelvic fins.

Fam. 3. Scaride.

Mouth non-protractile ; maxillary firmly attached to pre-

maxillary; dentary movably articulated with articular; jaws

short and powerful, with the teeth united to form a pair of

sharp-edged plates, recalling the beak of a parrot. Denti-

gerous portion of lower pharyngeal quadrangular, with

longitudinal series of transversely expanded linear teeth

forming a pavement ; upper pharyngeals similarly toothed,

produced upwards into vertical plates with thickened convex

upper edges moving backwards and forwards in a pair of

grooves on the parasphenoid. Scales large, about 25 in a

longitudinal series ; lateral line abruptly decurved or inter-

rupted posteriorly. Dorsal fin of 9 spines and 10 or 11 soft

rays, anal of 2 or 3 spines and 8 to 10 soft rays, pelvics of a

spine and 5 soft rays. Skull with occipital crest strong and

parietal crests well developed. Vertebre 25 (9-10 + 15-16);

all the ribs on parapophyses.

Scarus, Pseudoscarus, Callyodon, Sparisoma, &c., shore-

fishes of the tropics.

Division 6. GADOPSIFORMES,

Fam. Gadopside.

Gadopsis scarcely differs from the Perciformes in osteo-

logy, but there is no mesopterygoid and there are 2 radials

on the hypercoracoid and 2 on the bypocoracoid. The

pelvic fins are jugular, each reduced to a small spine and

a bifid ray. Against Blennioid relationships are the inter-

vention of the prootic between parasphenoid and alisphenoid,

the 3 anal spines, the dorsal and anal rays more numerous

136 } Mr. C. T. Regan on the

than the corresponding myotomes. Vertebre 21+ 26; ribs,

except the first 2 or 3, on strong parapophyses.

Division 7. TrRIcHODONTIFORMES.

This division includes a single family, differing from the

Perciformes in the pectoral fin-skeleton.

Fam. Trichodontide.

This family includes 2 genera, Trichodon and Arctoscopus,

related to the Perciformes. The external characters are

given by Jord. & Everm. (Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. xlvil. p. 2295,

figs. 806, 807). The principal osteological characters of

Trichodon trichodon are as follows :—Skull flattish above,

without crests or ridges on upper surface; suborbitals ossi-

fied, without subocular shelf; jaws normally formed, the

maxillary broadest distally, without supramaxillary ; meso-

pterygoid vestigial or absent; head skeleton otherwise

apparently Perciform. Post-temporal forked; hypercora-

coid and hypocoracoid separated; radials 4, rather large

and laminar, only the uppermost on the hypercoracoid.

Pelvic bones rather Jong and narrow. Vertebre 49

(17+32); posterior pracaudals with parapophyses; ribs

on parapophyses when these are developed.

T)ivision 8. AMMODYTIFORMES.

Fam. Ammodytide.

Body elongate, naked or scaly. Vertical fins without

spines, the dorsal rays nearly equal in number to the

vertebre below them, the caudal of 15 principal rays,

13 branched; pectorals rather low; pelvic fins, when

present, jugular, very small, of a spine and 3 soft rays.

Snout rather long and pointed; eyes lateral; mouth

protractile, terminal, with the lower jaw prominent ; pre-

maxillary slender; maxillary not exposed, without supra-

maxillary, proximally with an anterior expansion or process,

which meets its fellow above the short premaxillary

pedicels; teeth in jaws minute or absent; palate toothless.

Gill-membranes free from the isthmus; 4 to 8 branchi-

ostegals ; 4 gills; pseudobranchiz. Head-skeleton normally

Percoid as regards number and arrangement of bones;

suboperculum very large, projecting considerably beyond

Classification of the Percoid Fishes. 137

operculum; skull long, flattish above, with a short occipital

aud no parietal crests; nasals long, nearly or quite meeting

above the mesethmoid; no subocular shelf. Pectoral arch

Perciform, the 4 radials normally hourglass-shaped, only

the lowest on the hypocoracoid. Vertebrz 69 (40+ 29) in

Ammodytes lanceolatus ; first very short, with the centrum

convex anteriorly, fitting the single concavity formed by the

basioccipital and exoccipitals ; latter meeting above the

former; ribs blade-like, anteriorly sessile, posteriorly on

short parapophyses ; epipleurals mostly on ribs.

Genera: Embolichthys, Bleekeria, Ammodytes, Hyperoplus,

Hypoptychus.

The systematic position of this family has been the cause

of considerable discussion. Boulenger interpreted the Oligo-

cene Cobitopsis, with abdominal pelvic fins, as a member of

this family. After examination of the examples of Cobitopsis

acutus in the British Museum collection I have doubt that

this fish is a congener of the existing Scombresocid, Chrio-

dorus atherinoides of the coasts of Florida.

I have carefully examined a spirit-specimen of Bleckeria

callolepis and compared it with Ammodytes; the two genera

are very closely related, and Embolichthys, Jordan, scarcely

differs from Bleekeria except in the presence of jugular

pelvic fins.

The nearest allies of the Ammodytidz among the Percoids

seem to be the Percophiide ; but the relationship is not very

close, and the Ammodytidz may well form a separate division,

Ammodytiformes.

Division 9. CHAMPSODONTIFORMES.

Fam. Champsodontide.

Champsodon differs from the Trachiniformes in that the

small pectoral fin has the base oblique; the radials are

elongate hourglass-shaped, 3 on the hypercoracoid, which

is quite narrow and is pierced by a small foramen, and 1 on

the hypocoracoid. Spinous dorsal short, separate ; soft dorsal

and anal long; pelvics large, close together, well in advance

of the pectorals. Mouth oblique ; maxillary exposed ; cardi-

form teeth in jaws and in two separate patches on vomer.

Gill-membranes separate, free. No mesopterygoid. Bones

of skull arranged as in normal Perciformes. Skull de-

pressed, flat above, expanded behind the orbits. Vertebrie

31 (12+ 19); praecaudals with parapophyses from the

138 Mr. C. T. Regan on the

fourth; ribs.on parapophyses when these are developed ;

epipleurals attached near insertion of ribs.

Centropercis nudivittis, Ogilb., 1895 (Waite, Mem. Austral.

Mus. iv. 1, 1899, pl. xi. fig. 2), is evidently closely related to

Champsodon.

Division 10. TRACHINIFORMES.

This is an unsatisfactory and perhaps artificial assemblage

of families. ‘The dorsal and anal fins are more or less elon-

gate, the latter preceded by only 1 or 2 feeble spines, the

pectorals have vertical bases and the pelvics, inserted below

or in advance of the pectorals, have the middle or inner rays

longest. The head-skeleton is Perciform, but a constant

feature is the absence of well-marked crests on the upper

surface of the skull. The pectoral radials are 3 or 4 in

number, the 2 lowest inserted on the hypocoracoid. For

the whole or the greater part of the length of the soft dorsal

fin there is one ray to each myotome.

Fam. 1. Opisthognathide.

Lateral line single, running high, incomplete, ending near

middle of dorsal fin. Dorsal continuous, with the spinous

and soft-rayed portions subequal; anal with 2 spines ;

caudal with 14 or 15 principal rays, 12 or 13 branched ;

pelvics in advance of the pectorals, close together, each

of a spine and 5 soft rays, without scaly axillary process.

Mouth terminal, nearly horizontal, protractile; jaws

normally formed ; maxillary broad, exposed, with supra-

maxillary ; villiform or cardiform teeth in jaws and

sometimes on vomer. ‘Two nostrils on each side. Gill-

membranes free from the isthmus; 6 branchiostegals ;

4 gills; pseudobranchize present. A narrow subocular

shelf. Skull narrow between and expanded behind the

orbits; postorbital part evenly convex above ; occipital

crest only on the posterior face of skull, which i i long and

oblique; no parietal crests; exoccipital ‘condy les separate ;

prootics forming a roof for myodome and basisphenoid

present. Foramen in hypercoracoid ; radials rather broad and

flat, 2 on hypercoracoid and 2 on hypocoracoid. Vertebre

29 (10+ 19); preecaudals with parapophyses from the fifth ;

3 ribs sessile, 5 on parapophyses ; epipleurals on ribs.

Principal genera: Gnathypops, Stalix, Opisthognathus.

Classification of the Percoid Fishes, 139

Fam. 2, Bathymasteridz.

Lateral line terminating near end of the many-rayed dorsal

fin, which has only a few spines anteriorly ; no supra-

maxillary ; vomerine and palatine teeth. No subocular

shelf from the second suborbital, but the first and the pree-

orbital form a shelf for attachment to the lateral ethmoid,

Prootics not forming a roof for the myodome ; no _)basi-

sphenoid. Vertebrie 49 to 52 (14-15 + 35-37) ; preecaudals

with parapophyses from the third ; ribs, except the first, on

parapophyses. In other characters similar to the Opistho-

gnathidee, to which they are closely related.

Principal genera : Bathymaster, Rathbunella.

Fam. 3. Pinguipedide.

Lateral line complete, continuous. Dorsal fin elongate,

continuous, with a few spines anteriorly ;. rays equal in

number to the vertebre below them, each basal attached

to its own neural spine. Anal long, with 2 spines. Caudal

with 15 or 17 principal rays, 13 or 15 branched. Pelvics

below or somewhat in advance of the pectorais, fairly wide

apart, each of a spine and 5 branched rays, without scaly

axillary process. Mouth protractile, terminal, slightly

oblique ; jaws normally formed ; maxillary concealed, with-

out supramaxillary ; teeth in jaws villiform, with canines ;

teeth on vomer and usually on palatines. Two nostrils on

each side. Gill-membranes united, free from the isthmus :

6 branchiostegals ; 4. gills; pseudobranchize present. No

subocular shelf. Skull flattish above, rather strongly ex-

panded behind the orbits, the sphenotics with prominent

projections ; occipital crest short and parietal crests indis-

tinct or absent ; exoccipital condyles well Separated; a

basiphenoid. Foramen in hypercoracoid (Pinguipes) or

between it and hypocoracoid (Parapercis) ; radials hour-

glass-shaped, 4 in number, 2 on hypocoracoid ; postcleithra

laminar, 2 on each side. Vertebree 30-38 (10-16 + 20-22) ;

precaudals with parapophyses from the third ; all the ribs,

or all but the first, on parapophyses ; epipleurals attached to

parapophyses or to ribs near their insertion, |

Principal genera : Pinguipes, Parapercis, Neopercis.

Fam. 4, Chimarrhichthyide,

Chimarrhichthys, with a Single species from mount

ain

torrents of New Zealand, differs from the Pinguiped

ide

140 Mr. C. T. Regan on the

in that the pelvic fins are somewhat more advanced and

wider apart, and the mouth is non-protractile and inferior.

Pectoral arch much as in Pinguipes, but the radials squarish.

Vertebre 383 (fide Waite, Trans. N.Z. Inst. xlii. 1909,

p- 390).

Fam. 5. Trachinide.

Fins as in the Pinguipedide, except that the caudal has

13 principal rays, 11 branched, and the pelvic fins are close

together and well in advance of the pectorals. Mouth

oblique, maxillary exposed, subocular shelf well developed

and mesopterygoid broad. Foramen between hyper- and

hypocoracoid ; radials very short, 2 on hyper- and 2 on

hypocoracoid. Vertebre 42 (12430); pracaudals with

parapophyses from the eighth; ribs and epipleurals in-

serted together, on parapophyses when these are developed.

In other characters resembling the Pinguipedidee.

A single genus, Zrachinus,

Fam. 6. Percophiide.

Lateral line complete, continuous. Spinous dorsal sepa-

rate, of a few slender spines; soft dorsal and anal very

long ; rays of soft dorsal equal in number to the vertebrie

below them, each basal attached to its own neural spine ;

one anal spine; caudal with 15 principal rays, 13 branched ;

pelvics in advance of the pectorals, wide apart, each of a

spine and 5 branched rays, without scaly axillary process.

Mouth terminal, oblique, protractile; jaws normal; maxillary

exposed, without supramaxillary ; teeth in jaws cardiform,

with canines ; teeth on vomer and palatines. Two nostrils

on each side. Gill-membranes not united, free from the

isthmus; 7 branchiostegals; 4 gills; pseudobranchiz

present. A subocular shelf; mesopterygoid broad; skull

much as in Zrachinus, but more depressed, with the ex-

occipitals united behind the supraoccipitals, forming a roof

for the foramen magnum. Pectoral arch as in Pinguipes, the

radials a little shorter. Vertebre 77 (22+85) ; posterior

precaudals with short parapophyses ; ribs and epipleurals

mostly sessile, inserted together, the latter the stronger.

Fam. 7. Bempropside.

This family includes two closely related genera, Bembrops

(Hypsicometes) and Chrionema, with short; separate spinous

Classification of the Percoid Fishes. 14

dorsal, rather long soft dorsal and anal, no anal spines,

caudal with 10 or 11 branched rays, and pelvics well separated,

jugular, each of a spine and 5 soft rays. Body scaly;

lateral line descending anteriorly, for most of its course

nearer anal than dorsal fin. Gill-membranes not united,

free from isthmus; opercular membrane produced; 7

branchiostegals; 4 gills; pseudobranchiz. Eyes large ;

interorbital region narrow; suborbitals unossified; snout

broad, depressed; mouth terminal, protractile, with the

lower jaw prominent; maxillary exposed; villiform teeth ir

jaws and on vomer and palatines. In Bembrops the hyper-

coracoid is perforate and there are 3 radials, corresponding

in form and position to the 3 lower radials of Parapercis.

Fam. 8. Hemerocetide.

Body scaly ; lateral line running along middle of side.

Spinous dorsal, if present, short; soft dorsal and anal long ;

no anal spines ; caudal of 10 principal rays, 8 branched ;

pelvics jugular, well separated, each of a spine and 5 branched

rays. Mouth protractile, terminal, with the lower jaw

somewhat the shorter; maxillary slightly exposed distally,

without supramaxillary, with a forwardly directed spine just

in front of the preorbital; villiform teeth in the jaws and

in 2 separate patches on the vomer; none on the palatines.

Eyes rather large and close together; suborbitals well

ossified. Gill-membranes not united, free from isthmus ;

6 branchiostegals ; 4 gills ; pseudobranchiz. Head-skeleton

as in the Pinguipedide, but no basisphenoid and no pro-

minent sphenotie process ; pectoral arch similar, but a large

foramen between hypercoracoid and hypocoracoid and upper-

most radial completely fused with the former. Vertebrie

(in. Hemerocetes) 48 (13435); precaudals with para-

pophyses from the fifth; ribs not ossified, but a series of

epipleurals.

Two genera: Acanthaphritis (Pteropsaron) and Hemero-

caeles.

Fam. 9. Trichonotide,

Body scaly; lateral line running along middle of side.

Dorsal long, with a few unarticulated rays anteriorly ; anal

long, with a feeble spine; caudal of 13 principal rays, 11

branched ; pelvics jugular, separated by a narrow interspace,

each of a spine and 5 branched rays. Mouth protractile,

terminal, with the lower jaw projecting ; maxillary not or

142 Mr. C. T. Regan on the

scarcely exposed, without spine ; villiform teeth in jaws and

on vomer and palatines. Hyes close together; suborbitals

well ossified. Gill-membranes not united, free from isthmus;

7 branchiostegals ; 4 gills; pseudobranchize. Head-skeleton

and pectoral arch much as in Hemerocetes. Vertebree 53

(23 +380); only the last 4 precaudals with parapophyses;

ribs and epipleurals sessile, inserted together.

Trichonotus and Teniolabrus.

Fam. 10. Creediida.

Body elongate, scaly; lateral line running very low.

Vertical fins without spines ; dorsal, of 12 or 13 rays, placed

above and much shorter than the anal, which has 26 or 27;

caudal with 10 principal rays, 8 branched ; pelvics jugular,

narrowly separated, each of a spine and 4 soft rays. Snout

conical; eyes close together; suborbitals well ossified ;

mouth protractile, terminal, with the lower jaw the shorter ;

small pointed teeth in the lower Jaw ; upper jaw and palate

toothless. Gill-membranes not united, free from isthmus ;

7 branchiostegals ; 4 gills; pseudobranchize. Hypercoracoid

with a small foramen near its lower margin.

This family is related to the preceding ; it includes but a

single species. This remarkable little fish, Creedia clathri-

squamis, Ogilby, 1898, from the coasts of New South Wales

and Victoria, is represented in the British Museum by a

specimen of 70 mm. from Port Phillip, Victoria. This

agrees with the type and differs from the example figured by

Waite (Mem. Austral. Mus. iv, 1, 1899, p. 63) in that the

premaxillaries form a fleshy projection in front of the

mouth ; the absence of this projection in Waite’s example

is probably due to an accident, or possibly to a congenital

malformation ; it is unlikely that it is a sexual character,

Fam. 11. Limnichthyide,

Body elongate, scaly; lateral line complete, running low

posteriorly. Vertical fins without spines ; dorsal, of 19 to

26 rays, placed above the anal, which has 27 to 29; caudal

with 12 principal rays ; pelvics jugular, close together, each

of a spine and 5 branched rays. Snout conical; eyes close

together ; mouth protractile, terminal, with the lower jaw

the shorter ; villiform teeth in jaws and on palatines. Gill-

openings wide, the membranes free from isthmus; 7

branchiostegals.

Classification of the Percoid Fishes. 143

Two genera, each with a single species, from Eastern

Australia, may be distinguished thus :—

Dorsal 25-26, slightly shorter than anal; pectoral

normal; vomer toothless: v5. raj» ed wale cave ..++ Limnichthys,

Dorsal 19, shorter than anal; pectoral with lower rays

thickened and modified; vomer toothed.......... Schizochirus,

These fishes have been described by Waite (Rec. Austral.

Mus. v. 1904, pt. 3, p. 178, pl. xxiii. fig. 4, and pt. 4,

p. 241, pl. xxvi. fig. 3).

Fam. 12. Leptoscopide.

Body elongate, moderately compressed or cylindrical,

scaly; lateral line complete, running along middle of side.

Vertical fins without spines, the dorsal and anal long, with

the rays equal in number to the vertebre below or above

them ; caudal of 12 or 13 principal rays; pectorals broad-

based; pelvics well separated, in advance of the pectorals,

each of a spine and 5 branched rays. Mouth protractile,

terminal, very oblique, with the lower jaw prominent;

premaxillary ramus with a posterior expansion at its distal

end; maxillary exposed, without supramaxillary, broadest

distally; jaws with villiform teeth. Head covered with

skin. Gill-membranes free from isthmus; 6. branchio-

stegals ; 4 gills; pseudobranchiz ; opercular bones normal ;

suborbitals ossified, without subocular shelf. No meso-

pterygoid; metapterygoid large, articulating with sphenotic.

Skull depressed, flattish above; parietals separated by supra-

occipital ; a short occipital and no parietal crests; exoccipital

condyles widely separated ; no basisphenoid. Post-temporal

forked, normally attached ; hypercoracoid and hypocoracoid

broad ; foramen in hypercoracoid ; radials 4, short and

broad, rigidly attached, 25 on hypocoracoid ; pelvic bones

flat, horizontal. Vertebrae 43-46 (10+ 33-36); praecaudals

gradually increasing in length to the eighth ;_parapophyses

absent or vestigial; no ribs, but a series of epipleurals,

The two genera, from the coasts of Australia and New

Zealand, may be distinguished thus :—

Teeth in jaws, in 2 separate patches on vomer and on palatines,

Leptoscopus,

Palate toothless; head broad ; eyes superior........ Crapatalus,

Fam. 13. Uranoscopide.

Body moderately elongate, cylindrical, naked or scaly ;

lateral line running high, A short spinous dorsal often

144 Mr. C. T. Regan on the

present; soft dorsal and anal moderately long; pelvics

narrowly separated. Head broad, with the eyes superior ;

mouth terminal, nearly vertical, with the lower jaw promi-

nent; villiform teeth in jaws, in 2 separate patches on

vomer, and on palatines. Bones of head exposed; pre-

orbital and first suborbital forming a shelf; operculum

large and suboperculum small. Mesopterygoid present, but

small and narrow; metapterygoid large, but not reaching

sphenotic. Parietals meeting above supraoccipital. Upper

fork of post-temporal laminar, rigidly united to skull; radials

still shorter than in the Leptoscopide, united to hyper-

coracoid and hypocoracoid by suture or ankylosis. Pelyic

bones erect, vertical lamine. Vertebre 26-30 (11-12+

16-18); first moderately long, firmly attached to skull ;

precaudals increasing in length from the second and third,

which are very short, to about the seventh; precaudals

with parapophyses from the sixth; ribs present, anteriorly

attached to under surface of epipleurals, posteriorly on

parapophyses.

In other characters similar to the Leptoscopide, to which

they are closely related.

Division 11. NororTHENIIFORMES.

I have recently characterized this group and made a

revision of the species (Trans. R. Soc. Edinburgh, xlix,

1918, pp. 249-289).

Division 12. CALLIONYMIFORMES,.

The peculiarities of the skeleton of the head and of the

pectoral arch and the reduced number of vertebree warrant

the recognition of a separate division for the Callionymide.

This family may be related to the Pinguipedidee, but is

much more specialized. The Gobiesocide differ in many

characters of importance.

Fam. 1. Callionymide.

Body naked; lateral line present. Spinous dorsal separate,

of 3 or 4 slender flexible spines ; anal similar to soft dorsal,

without distinct spine, with 7 to 12 rays; caudal with about

10 principal rays ; pelvics in advance of the pectorals, wide

apart, each of a spine and 5 branched rays. Mouth pro-

tractile, terminal, horizontal, the lower jaw not prominent ;

Classification of the Percoid Fishes. 145

preemaxillary ramus without posterior expansion ; maxillary

concealed, without supramaxillary ; small teeth in the jaws,

none on the palate. Gill-membranes broadly joined to the

isthmus ; 6 branchiostegals; 4 gills; pseudobranchie.

Przeoperculum with a strong spine at the angle; operculum

normal. Suborbitals ligamentous; no mesopterygoid or

metapterygoid; skull depressed, narréwed between and

expanded behind the orbits; sphenotic with a curved pro-

jection, as in the Pinguipedide ; occipital crest short and

parietal crests absent ; exoccipital condyles widely separated;

no basisphenoid; mesethmoid ossified as an interorbital

septum. Post-temporal forked, but forming an integral part

of the skull ; supracleithrum slender, nearly horizontal, and

directed outwards; postcleithrum a single slender rod ;

foramen between hypercoracoid and hypocoracoid; radials

large, flat, 3 in numher, all on the hypocoracoid. Vertebre

21 (7+14), compressed, especially posteriorly ; neural

spines below the dorsal fin and hemal spines above the

anal bifid for reception of the basalia ; no ribs ; przecaudals,

except the first, with long epipleurals, the anterior sessile,

the posterior ones on short parapophyses.

Principal genera: Callionymus, Synchiropus, Dactylopus.

Fam. 2. Draconettide.

Evidently related to the Callionymide, with which they

agree in the number of vertebre, as I have ascertained by

counting the myotomes in Centrodraco * acanthopoma, Rgn.

This species, from the North Atlantic, differs from Draconetta

of the North Pacific in that the dorsal spines are stout and

pungent, the second much the longest, and in the presence

of a single series of teeth on vomer and palatines. I have

ascertained that the pectoral radials are large, elongate as

in Callionymus. The family differs externally from the

Callionymidz in the absence of a lateral line, the entire

preoperculum, and the reduction of the operculum and

suboperculum to a pair of strong spines ; in the last feature

these fishes resemble Harpagifer.

* This generic name is here proposed for the first time.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xii. 10

146 Geological Society.

PROCEEDINGS OF LEARNED SOCIETIES.

GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

November 20th, 1912.—Dr. Aubrey Strahan, F.R.S., President,

in the Chair.

The following communication was read :—

‘On the Genus:Aulophyllum.’ By Stanley Smith, B.A.,

M.S8c., F.G.S., Clare College, Cambridge.

Aulophyllum is a genus belonging to the Clisiophyllid group.

It is found in the Upper Beds of the Carboniferous Limestone

Series in Britain and on the Continent. It appears in the lower

part of the Dibunophylium Zone (D,), becomes common in the

middle subdivision of the zone (D,), and is plentiful in the highest

limestones investigated (D,).

The coral was first described by David Ure, in 1793, as Fungites;

the genus was established by Milne-Edwards & Haime in 1850,

The Author includes in this genus Thomson’s genus Cyclophyllum.

The genus is described in detail, and then the ontogenesis is

discussed. The development of the various items of coral anatomy

is first treated ; and the Author subsequently deals with the growth

of the coral considered as a whole, six stages being recognized by

him. The forms found in D, do not advance beyond stage d.

Structural variation is then considered. The Author regards all

the species previously described as variations of the same species,

but recognizes several well-marked types and a number of time

mutations. Many specimens of the coral display the phenomenon

of rejuvenescence. The structural changes observed are described,

and the nature of the rejuvenescence is briefly discussed.

December 4th, 1912.—Dr. Aubrey Strahan, F.I.S., President,

in the Chair.

_ The following communications were read :—

1. ‘On the Lower Paleozoic Rocks of the Cautley District

(Yorkshire).’ By John Edward Marr, Sc.D., F.R.S., V.P.G.S.

The following classification is suggested for the Ordovician rocks

of the district :—

(Bede Shales.

Beds above the Volcanic Group. |

AsuGILLIAN. { Contemporaneous Volcanic Group, } Stawrocephalus Beds.

Beds below the Volcanic Group.

Bees Beds.

Carapocian. Calymene Beds.

The Phacops and Calymene Beds are remarkably similar in litho-

logical characters (dark calcareous shales and impure limestones),

but the paleontological change is at the top of the Calymene Beds,

and the fauna of the Phacops Beds is allied to that of the succeed-

ing strata.

In addition to other fossils, the Ashgillian strata contain grapto-

lites, which have not been found, however, in the Ashgill Shales.

Dicellograptus anceps Nich. comes in the Phacops Beds, and ranges

Geological Society. 147

up into the beds above the Volcanic Group. The Ashgillian beds

are, therefore, the zone of Dicellograptus anceps.

The succession in this district is much clearer than in the Lake

District, and it is suggested that it be adopted as the type sequence

for the Ashgillian beds of the North of England.

Some notes on the faunas of the Silurian rocks, of which the

detailed sequence has been previously established, are given.

2. ‘The Trilobite Fauna of the Comley Breccia-Bed (Shropshire).’

By Edgar Sterling Cobbold, F.G.S.

The Author describes a trilobitic fauna from the matrix of a

breccia of Middle Cambrian age, found near Comley Brook, in one

of the excavations made for the Excavations Committee of the

British Association. This fauna includes forms referred to Agraulos

ef. quadrangularis Whitfield, Conocoryphe cqualis Linnarsson,

C. bufo Hicks, C. impressa Linnarsson, Microdiscus punctatus Salter,

together with new species of Paradowides, Dorypyye, Ptychoparia

(Liostracus), and some indeterminate forms, provisionally referred

to Agraulos (Strenuella).

This Breccia-Bed is made up of the recompacted waste of Lower

Cambrian sandstones, many of the included blocks yielding species

belonging to the Protolenus-Callavia fauna. It rests directly upon

bedded Lower Cambrian sandstone, and is therefore regarded as a

basal deposit of the Middle Cambrian.

The fossils contained in the matrix indicate an horizon that is

probably equivalent to a part of the Paradowides-tessini Zone of

Scandinavia. As they are specifically distinct from those of the

Quarry-Ridge Grits of Comley, which are also basal but rest upon

Lower Cambrian limestones. containing the Protolenus-Callavia

fauna, the inference is drawn that the two deposits are separated

by a distinct interval of Cambrian time.

3. ‘ Two Species of Paradoxides from Neve’s Castle (eh IET :

By Edgar Sterling Cobbold, F.G.S.

The Author figures portions of two species of Paradoaides, col-

lected in 1892 by Mr. J. Rhodes for H.M. Geological Survey.

These are referred to P. hicksi Salter, and to a new variety of

P. bohemicus Boeck.

Species of Agnostus, Ptychoparia (Liostracus), Agraulos, Hyo-

lithus, and Acrotreta occur in the same rock-fragments, but are not

sufficiently well-preserved for exact specific determination.

December 18th, 1912.—Dr. Aubrey Strahan, F.R.S., President,

in the Chair.

The following communication was read :—

‘On the Discovery of a Paleolithic Human Skull and Mandible

in a Flint-bearing Gravel overlying the Wealden (Hastings Beds)

at Piltdown, Fletching (Sussex).’ By Charles Dawson, F.S.A.,

F.G.S., and Arthur Smith Woodward, LL.D., F.R.S., See.G.s,

With an Appendix by Prof. G. Elliot Smith, M.D., F.R.S.

The gravel in which the discovery was made occurs ina field

148 Geological Society.

near Piltdown Common, in the parish of Fletching (Sussex), and

is described by the first Author. In the section exposed it is

about 4 feet thick. It consists, for the greater part, of waterworn

fragments of Wealden ironstone and sandstone, with occasional

pebbles of chert, probably from the Greensand, and a considerable

proportion of Chalk-flints, which are also waterworn, all deeply

stained with oxide of iron, and most of them tabular in shape.

The human skull was originally found by workmen, broken up by

them, and most of the pieces thrown away on the spot. As many

fragments as possible were recovered by the Authors, and half of

a human mandible was also obtained by the first Author from a

patch of undisturbed gravel close to the place where the skull

occurred. ‘Cwo broken pieces of the molar of a Pliocene type of

elephant and a much-rolled cusp of a molar of Mastodon, were also

found, besides teeth of Hippopotamus, Castor, and Equus, and a

fragment of an antler of Cervus elaphus. Like the human skull

and mandible, all these fossils are well mineralized with oxide of

iron. Many of the waterworn iron-stained flints closely resemble

the ‘eoliths’ from the North Downs, near Ightham. Mingled

with them were found a few Paleolithic implements of the

characteristic Chellean type. The gravel at Piltdown rests upon

a plateau 80 feet above the River Ouse, and at a distance of less

than a mile to the north of the existing stream. It appears to

cover several acres; but, at the same level on the opposite (south)

side of the river, it is represented only by scattered flints. Numerous

iron-stained tabular flints, like those of the Piltdown gravel, have

been found in the basin of the Ouse between the Chalk escarpment

and Sheffield Park, and between this escarpment and Uckfield.

As they are identical with the flints well-known in the plateau-

deposits of the North and South Downs, it may be assumed that

they have been derived from a plane, formerly existing between

those two points.

The human skull and mandible, and the associated fossils, are

described by the second Author. The skull (which unfortunately

lacks the bones of the face) exhibits all the essential features of

the genus Homo, with a brain-capacity of not less than 1070 c.c., but

possibly a little more. It measures about 190 mm. in length from

the glabella to the inion, by 150 mm. in width at the widest part

of the parietal region; and the bones are remarkably thick, the

average thickness of the frontals and parietals being 10 mm., while

an exceptional thickness of 12 mm. is reached at one corner, The

forehead is steeper than that of the Neanderthal type, with only a

feeble brow-ridge ; and the conformation of the occipital bone shows

that the tentorium over the cerebellum is on the level of the ex-

ternal occipital protuberance, asin modern man. Seen from behind

the skull is remarkably low and broad, and the mastoid processes

are relatively small. The right mandibular ramus is nearly ©

complete to the middle of the symphysis, lacking only the articular

condyle and the upper part of the bone in advance of the molars,

The horizontal ramus is slender, and, so far as preserved, resembles

in shape that of a young chimpanzee (Anthropoythecus niger). The

Geological Society. 149

lower symphysial border is not thickened and rounded, as in man,

but produced into a thin inwardly-curved flange, as in the apes.

The ascending ramus is comparatively wide, with extensive in-

sertions for the temporal and masseter muscles, and a very slight

sigmoid notch above. Molars 1 and 2, which occur in their

sockets, are typically human, though they are comparatively large

and narrow, each bearing a fifth cusp. ‘The socket of molar 3

indicates an equally large tooth, placed well within the ascending

ramus of the jaw. The two molars have been worn perfectly flat

by mastication, a circumstaace suggesting that the canines re-

sembled those of man in not projecting sensibly above the level of

the other teeth. The weakness of the mandible, the slight pro-

minence of the brow-ridges, the small backward extent of the

origin of the temporal muscles, and the reduction of the

mastoid processes, suggest that the specimen belongs to a female

individual, and it may be regarded as representing a hitherto

unknown genus and species, for which a new name is proposed,

The Authors conclude that the Piltdown gravel-bed is of the

same age as the contained Chellean implements, which are not

so much waterworn as most of the associated flints. The rolled

fragments of molars of the Pliocene elephant and Mastodon are

considered to have been derived with the flints from older gravels ;

while the other mammalian remains and the human skull and

mandible, which cannot have been transported far by water, must

be assigned to the period of the deposition of the gravel-bed itself.

The remoteness of that period is indicated by the subsequent

deepening of the valley of the Ouse to the amount of 80 feet.

In the Appendix, Prof. Elliot Smith remarks that, although

the brain presents a remarkable general similarity to the well-

known cranial casts of Paleolithic man, and especially to those

of Gibraltar and J.a Quina, which are supposed to be feminine,

the cast of the skull here described is smaller and more primitive

in form than any of these. The most noteworthy feature is the

pronounced gorilla-like drooping of the temporal region, due to

the extreme narrowing of its posterior part, which causes a deep

excavation of its under surface. This feeble development of the

part of the brain which recent research has shown to be intimately

related to the power of speech in modern man is very significant,

especially when we notice that a marked boss (which, as Dr. Smith

Woodward described, lends a curiously distinctive form to the

brain-cast and skull, when viewed from behind) is making its

appearance in precisely the spot where in modern man is developed

the mechanism that permits the spontaneous elaboration of specch

and the ability to name objects.

The apparent paradox of the association of a simian jaw with a

human brain is not surprising to one familiar with recent research

upon the evolution of man. In the process of evolving the brain

of man from the ape the superficial area of the cerebral cortex had

to be tripled ; and this expansion was not like the mere growth

of a muscle with exercise, but the gradual building-up of the most

complex mechanism in existence. ‘The growth of the brain

150 Geological Society.

preceded the refinement of the features and the somatic characters

in general.

There are no grounds whatever for supposing that this simian

jaw and human brain-cast did not belong to one and the same

individual, who was probably a right-handed female.

January 22nd, 1913.—Dr. Aubrey Strahan, F.R.S., President,

in the Chair.

The following communications were read :—

1. ‘The Fossil Flora of the Cleveland District of Yorkshire :

I—The Flora of the Marske Quarry.’ By H. Hamshaw Thomas,

M.A., F.G.S. With Notes on the Stratigraphy, by the Rev.

George John Lane, F.G.S.

In this paper the Author describes several plants collected by

the Rey. G. J. Lane and Mr. T, W. Saunders in the Cleveland

district of Yorkshire, which were sent to Cambridge for examina-

tion. Other specimens described were obtained by the Author from

the Marske Quarry and by the late Mr. Hawell, whose collection is

now in the Dorman Memorial Museum, Middlesbrough.

The following species are dealt with:—Lquisetites columnaris

Brongn., Sagenopteris phillipsi (Brongn.) var. major Sew., Laccopteris

polypodioides Brongn., Dietyophyllum rugosum L. & H., Stachypteris

halleri, a new type recently described by the Author, Coniopteris

hymenophylloides Brongn., and C. quinqueloba (Phill.), Zodites

wilkamsont (Brongn.), Cladophlebis denticulata Brongn., a new

species of Marattiopsis (a genus not hitherto recorded from York-

shire), Williamsonia spectabilis Nath. (microsporophylls of which

were found by the Author, throwing additional light on this type

of flower), W. whitbiensis Nath., and a female strobilus identified as

W. sp., Zamites (Williamsonia) gigas L. & H., Psilophyllum (W.)

pecten (Phill, ), Peniopteris vittata Brongn., L. mayor L. & H.,

T. sp., Wielandiella nilssont (Phill. ) formerly known as Anomozamites

nilssoni, Otozamites feistmanteli Zigno, O. graphicus (Leck. ex Bean

MS.), Dictyozamites hawelli Sew., a Cycadean stem classified

as Wielandiella sp., Nilssonia mediana (Leck. ex Bean MS.),

N. orientalis Heer, a new species of Pseudoctenis (a genus recently

founded on specimens of Cycadean fronds from the Upper Jurassic of

Sutherland), Ginkgo digitata (Brongn.), Baieria longifolia (Pomel),

Czchanowskia murrayana (L. & H.), Hlatides setosa (Phill.), and

Taxites zamioides (Leck. ex Bean MS.).

The Marske flora, which includes several types not hitherto

recorded from the Jurassie plant-beds of Yorkshire, is believed to

be of Middle Jurassic age: specimens previously identified as

Zamites buchianus (Ktt.) and Nilssonia schaumbergensis (Dunk.),

Wealden species, are described respectively as a new species of

Pseudoctenis and Nilssonia orcentalis Heer.

A note is appended by the Rev. G. J. Lane on the stratigraphy

of the Marske Quarry, situated on the northern face of the

Upleatham outlier, about a mile distant from Marske-by-the-Sea.

The Marske beds are assigned to the Lower Estuarine Series.

Geological Society. 151

2. ‘The Derived Cephalopoda of the Holderness Drift.’

By Charles Thompson, B.Sc,

Although it has been known for a century that the Drift of

Holderness is rich in derived fossils, for many years the collecting

of them was neglected. However, in recent years, collections of

the cephalopoda have been made, and it is now claimed that about

a hundred and eighty species of ammonites are already in hand

from the Glacial Drift. here are two important points about

these specimens: the one, that a large number are new to York-

shire lists hitherto published ; the other, that the matrix of many

ot them cannot be matched now by our land exposures, It remains

to consider whence they came.

The whole of the Lower Lias is so well represented by all its

genera, and the rocky matrices are so characteristic, that it is urged

that the ice plucked them from outcrops in the bed of a former

North Sea; also that these outcrops show the continuity of the

North Yorkshire Basin with that of North-Western Germany. The

list appended to the paper supports this statement, for it shows that

many gaps are now filled, which are obvious when Hyatt’s lists

for the two regions are compared.

The Middle and the Upper Lias afford much material, but the

types are closer to those of North Yorkshire. The Oolites are very

scantily represented, although the Lower Cretaceous is abundantly

represented both by ammonites and by belemnites. Again, there is a

great difference between the state of preservation of a collection

made from the Drift, and that of one which can be made now from

the Speeton Clay in situ. Hence, the existence of a wide spread

of these clays to the east is confirmed.

The Chalk belemnites belong to a zone higher than any known

in Yorkshire: therefore, they probably came from the sea-bed.

February 5th, 1913.—Dr. Aubrey Strahan, F.R.S., President,

in the Chair.

The following communication was read :—

‘On Two Deep Borings at Calvert Station (North Buckingham-

shire), and on the Paleozoic Floor north of the Thames.’ By

Arthur Morley Davies, A.R.C.S., D.Sc., F.G.8., and John Pringle,

H.M. Geological Survey.

The two borings are about 370 yards apart in a due east-and-

west direction. The eastern boring gives the following section :—

Altitude of surface=about 290 O.D.

Thickness in feet inches,

BOUL Sanu atest ee ne ars cones cates. 4 0

Oxford Olay—Ornatum Zone .........000....0000....... 93 3

Non-sequence,

Pores, Manila ease ee ee tees wk Sec can 38 9

Non-sequence.

Groat; Colton wre eee ooce veccacess 59 6

Non-sequence,

Chipping Norton Limestones .........0.............. 7 6

Non-sequence,

Lias—Domerian, Algovianum Zone to Char-

mouthian, Jamesoni Zone ............ee0.0..5.... 240 6

Unconformity.

Lower Tremadoec—Shineton Shales .,,,.............. 954 6

1398 0

152 Geological Society.

The Oxford Clay is represented by grey and blue clays, the

lowest bed of which is a hard, tough, brownish clay full of broken

shell-fragments: among the forms identified from it are Cosmo-

ceras sedqwicki (Pratt) and C. stutchburw? (Pratt).

The Forest Marble consists mainly of grey and bluish-grey

oolitic and earthy limestones, with grey, brown, and green clays at

the base. An exceedingly bright bluish-green clay, 3 inches thick,

is also present. The limestones are very fossiliferous, but the

organisms are badly preserved.

The Great Oolite is represented by grey limestones and grey marly

limestones, dark-grey sands, and clays. The highest member is

correlated with the ‘Cream Cheese’ top of the Great Oolite in the

Bicester cuttings. From the upper part of the section Terebratula

bathonica &. 8. Buckman was obtained; near the base there is a

2-foot band full of Rhynchonella and Ostrea. The section is com-

pared with the Fritwell-Ardley section on the new railway from

Ashendon to Aynho.

The Chipping Norton Limestones consist of a yellowish oolitic

limestone and a grey sandy limestone, also markedly oolitic.

The Lias is represented by pale-grey shales with very little

variation in character. Near the base is a limestone containing

fragments of Paleozoic rocks, and many fossils, of which the most

abundant is Zeilleria waterhousei (Davidson), characteristic of the

Jamesoni Zone. This limestone also yielded a derived fragment of

Echioceras microdiscus (Quenstedt), a Raricostatum-Zone fossil.

In the western boring only, strata yielding inflammable gas were

met with. Reasons are given for believing that these may have

been Triassic. If not, they are probably Upper Paleozoic.

The Tremadocian shales resemble those of Shropshire: their dip

varies from 40° to nearly 90°. They show interesting structures

resulting from differential movement; at several horizons they yield

well-preserved examples of Clonograptus tenellus, var. callavet

(Lapworth) and Obolella (?) aff. saltert Holl. They are traversed

by two sills of olivine-basalt. The uppermost 50 feet are stained

red.

The following new reading of the Bletchley boring is proposed :—

Feet.

Oxford Clay........++eeeeeees 192

Forest Marble ........-++0+++ 33

Lias (Charmouthian) ...... 185

An attempt is made to express the depth of the Palwozoie floor

by a contoured map, and its possible constitution and tectonic

structure are discussed.

Pe ANNATS

MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY.

[EIGHTH SERIES.]

No. 68. AUGUST 1913.

XVIII.—Notes from the Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. An-

drews.—No. XXXV._ By Prof. M‘Inrosu, M.D., LL.D.,

F.R.S., &c.

1. On Two Killers, Orca gladiator (Lacépéde), Gray, stranded at St. An-

drews.

2. On the British Ammocharide.

3. On Myrtochele heeri &c. dredged in the Gulf of St. Lawrence,

Canada, by Dr. Whiteaves.

4. On the British Hermellide.

1. On Two Killers, Orca gladiator (Lacépéde), Gray,

stranded at St. Andrews.

Orca @LaApr4éror is less common in the eastern than in the

western and northern waters of Britain, for it is more fre-

quently seen in the western bays and lochs, as well as in the

adjoining Atlantic, than in the North Sea. The high

dorsal “ fin” is diagnostic, as it rolls upward or swims for a

short time under the surface, whilst the external coloration

is equally characteristic. In all probability, the abundance

of seals and porpoises on the western and northern shores

will sufficiently account for its prevalence. Both specimens

were stranded before the autumn of 1882, and nearly at the

same place, viz. the “ Buru-stools,” a region of sand-

covered rocks almost opposite the old wooden marine

laboratory on the East Bents. The first was a fine male,

Ann, & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xii. 1p:

154 Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the

stated to be over 20 feet in length (though the measurements

show that it was only 20), the dead carcass of which floated

shorewards on the 25th December, 1876. It was secured

for the University by Prof. Pettigrew, and buried in a field

on the estate of Denbre, then in the hands of Dr. Watson

Wemyss. It apparently had been forgotten, for word came

to the Museum in 1882 that its bones were being sold by

the farm-servants, and immediate steps were then taken to

secure the remainder, which consisted of the cranium, half

the mandible, a scapula, and a few ribs and vertebre.

The other example, an old female, came on shore alive in

March 1882, and its skeleton, excellently prepared by Mr.

John Herd Bruce, formerly a medical student in Edinburgh,

was lately secured for the University Museum. So far as

was observed, the animal seemed to be feeble from old age,

had nothing in its stomach, quietly allowed a rope to be

hitched round its tail in front of the flukes, and without a

struggle it was dragged by a boat round to the pier, where,

while it was still alive, an intruder cut through the blubber,

causing free bleeding, so that it died in a short time.

The adult male was measured in 1876 by Mr. William Robb,

and a rough sketch of it was alsomade. Its length was 20 ft.,

or from the mouth along the curve of the under surface

21 ft. 10 in. From the mouth to the vent 13 ft.; length of

the genital and vent-region 1 ft. 9 in.; and behind to the

tail 7 ft. lin, The length along the front curve of the

dorsal fin was 2 ft. 9 in. and the flipper was 2 ft. 9 in. long,

a measurement which shows that the dorsal fin was not so

high as those observed in former years on the western

shores, or as described by Reinhardt and other Scandinavian

writers. The breadth of the base of the flipper was 22 inches ;

the breadth of the base of the dorsal fin 24 inches ; and the

breadth at the base of the tail 214 inches. The breadth

from the mid-cleft of the tail to the outer edge of the

fluke was 2 ft. 7 in., making the total breadth of the tail

5 ft. 2 in. Length from the tip of the snout to the

nostril or ‘‘ blower” 2 ft. 8 in., from the snout to the front

edge of the dorsal fin 8 ft. 3 in.; whilst the girth from the

dorsal to the middle of the abdomen was 6 ft., giving a

total girth of about 12 ft.

The skull of this male has the measurements indicated in

the following table, and it is evidently that of a powerful

adult :—

Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 15

Large ¢ Killer, and Reinhardt’s Pseudorca crassidens.

Reinhardt’s

or 21 ft.

inches, ft. ins.

Length of head from occipital condyle to tip of

SOULE LaMar oe a ele a ole edith ates! Se 383 aa, 6

Length of head from inierior margin of occipital

process to fissure between condyles ........ 36

Length of cranial portion from occipital con-

dyles to front wall of nasal canals ........ BE

(This is an uncertain measurement, as no

definition in front and no mention of pro-

minence on base of occipital condyles.)

Length of beak from origin on level with

anterior extremity of zygomatic .......... 19

Greatest breadth of skull (across zygomatic

process of temporal bone) .............. 23% abt.

(broken)

Breadth of skull across postorbital process in

(TT ae = eae BRE a Ce 223 abt.

Breadth of occipital ridge at union with tem-

eM I PE aS 3/0) ors cir a Racial aoe Ma 6 Sate 143 abt.

Breadth across prominences formed by the

frontal, the superior maxillary, and the

zygomatic in front of orbit .............. 21 abt. (left

prominence broken)

Breadth of beak at origin ..2.......0.. 0005 153

- , towards middle, third iateral

PELOE EN Fo. tee starshaed sb Bias sacha yi 12

Height of occipital foramen (at its narrowest

PRE E tee soso oe gett oy te tee eas eee 2s

Breadth of occipital foramen ................ 23

Distance from inferior margin of occipital

foramen to posterior margin of pterygoid

[TINE ge See EB ee Se nea 13

Length of dental row in upper jaw.......... 153 yeerze

», mandible from condyle to tip...... dls 2 8E

eh je syuaphyare? ea. oO I. Mente iso eh 62

» dentalrow in mandible .......... 153

Height of skull from base of occipital to

[LADIES Saat > SSB sete eer 15; abt.

In viewing it from above and in front it is obviously more

symmetrical than that of Glob/ocephalus, the nostrils having

only a slight slope to the left, whereas in Globiocephalus the

slopeis pronounced. Moreover, the nostrils are nearly vertical,

whilst those of Globiocephalus slope boldly upward and back-

ward. The nasals were elongated transversely and in this case

narrow, the right larger than the left, and an internasal

process of the frontal separated them. In Globiocephalus

this process does not always reach the front, and there is

variety also in Orea. The premaxillaries of Orca are scoop-

shaped superiorly, and their long narrow outline, with a

ELS

156 Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the

constriction about the middle, is in contrast with the broad

plates of Globiocephalus, which leave only a narrow margin

of the maxilla externally.

In Orca a large part of the maxilla is free (one of Rein-

hardt’s specific characters), the contour is more uniform and

symmetrical, the maxilla comes nearly as far forwards as the

median process of the premaxilla, and its tip is bifid. The

prominences of the maxillee (with zygomatic process and

frontals) above the eyes are roughened, but less than in the

very old female. A marked feature of the skull in contrast

with its allies is the great size of the temporal fossa, which,

as Reinhardt truly says, makes the skull of this species, in

contrast with that of Beluga or even of Globiecephalus, akin

to the contrast afforded by the skulls of the lion and the

horse or ox. The powerful muscles which pass through this

huge space are attached to the mandible, the mass in front

of the condyles being very large.

The ventral aspect of the cranium is equally diagnostic

when contrasted with Globiocephalus. Thus the vomer

comes to the surface for 34 inches, and the premaxillaries

in front of it form part of the roof of the mouth for fully a

foot (a character Reinhardt considers unusual in true Killers).

In Globiocephalus the long vomer blocks the upper part

of the median fissure of the palate in front, and the pre-

maxillz only occupy a small area of the palate at the tip of

the snout. The arch of the palate in Orca slopes upward

and inward to the median line, giving it a characteristic

spout-shape when the skull is laid on its dorsum ; whereas

in Globiocephalus the palate, while it has the deep median

fissure at the tip, is flattened, or shows a slight outward

curve to the dentary edge, which is little more than half the

length of that in Orca, though the hard palate is proportion-

ally broader. The palatines in the two forms equally

diverge, those in Orca forming a narrow lozenge fully 9

inches in length, whereas in Globiocephalus they have but a

brief mesial course (about 24 inches) posteriorly, aud then

curve outward like a V behind the maxilla. In the same

way the pterygoids diverge, those in Globiocephalus are aided

by the palatines in the formation of the large postpalatine

air-sinuses, whereas in Orca these are proportionally smaller

and are formed by the pterygoids. The jugal is com-

paratively slender, but considerably longer and stouter than

in the old female.

The armature of the jaws in this specimen is formidable,

for the teeth are massive, long, and slightly curved at the

crown. The number of teeth in each jaw is 13, and their

Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 157

solidity is noteworthy, the pulp-cavity being largely filled

up, a small central canal in the massive dentine only being

left. The general outline of the teeth approached a spindle,

though the curve of the crown, especially in the maxillary

teeth, interferes with the regularity of such a figure. Most

of the teeth were flattened antero-posteriorly, and hard lines

occurred at the margin of the gum. The longest teeth were

found in the mandible, where the curvature of the crown

was less, some reaching 5 inches with a maximum diameter

of 12 inches. The large curved maxillary teeth measured

about 44 inches with a diameter similar to those in the

mandible. Almost all the teeth in this vigorous specimen

had two facets, from friction of the teeth opposite, on the

crown (one anterior, the other posterior), only one or two of

the back teeth being free from such injury. Moreover, some

had abrasions of the enamel on the summit as well as

externally and internally, showing that hard substances as

well as the opposite teeth were implicated in the abrasions.

The site of the main facets (anterior and posterior) varied

considerably, some of the anterior maxillary teeth had the

front facet near the gum, whilst the posterior facet was near

the apex of the crown. In the mandibular teeth the large

facet was generally in front, and the deep furrows showed

the force with which the powerful muscles drove the teeth

together. Eschricht thought that they were worn on the

anterior and external sides in the maxilla, but in this case

the facets were anterior and posterior, though it is true a

few presented a large abraded surface externally. This

character, therefore, is subject to variety. The foremost, a

single small tooth, in the premaxille and mandible had fallen

out, and the sockets were partially filled up. It had occupied

the tip of each premaxilla, and another had been in the outer

process of each maxilla. The formidable teeth of the Killer

made a striking contrast with those of G/ob/ocephalus, not

only from their solidity and size, but from the length of the

alveoli, viz. 154 inches along the maxille and the same in

the mandible, whereas even in a large Globwcephalus the

rows of teeth cover but 7 inches in each case. Moreover,

the broad anterior region of the hard palate with its curved

rows of teeth is in contrast with the longer rows of teeth, which

in the proportionally narrower hard palate of the Killer

gently diverge from each other posteriorly.

In the mandible of Orca the symphysis slopes obliquely

from the front backward, and the opposed surfaces, which

are peculiarly smooth, are proportionally larger than in

Globiocephalus, in which the symphysis is perfectly straight.

158 Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the

It thus happens that in Orca the long upper union is slightly

hollow, whilst the lower is convex, it may be with a median

groove.

The vertebral column, so far as the remnants exist,

has the bodies of the vertebrie, especially in the lumbar

region, somewhat larger than in the female, and the few ribs

present are without traces of i injury. The atlas and the three

next vertebre have both the spines and the bodies fused.

Reinhardt places weight on the occurrence of a rudimentary

transverse process on the axis of his Psewdorca crassidens,

but in the Killers there is variation, for the male shows a

much shorter process than the female. ‘The only other bone

available was the typically fan-shaped right scapula, which was

somewhat larger than that of the female, the neck broader,

and its muscular impressions more pronounced. It

measured 14 inches from the dorsal margin to the edge of

the glenoid cavity, and its extreme breadth was 19 inches.

The abraded acromion was 3} and the coracoid 4 inches long.

In all respects it bears out Reinhardt’s statement that the

acromion is placed sufficiently far behind the anterior edge

so as not to hide that part of the external surface which is

placed before it, whereas in other cetaceans this surface is

less easily seen.

Impelled by the great muscles, the flukes of the tail

churn the water like the screw of a powerful steamer,

and the rapacious cetacean rushes swiftly on either seal

or porpoise, which in vain essays to escape by doubling

or diving, for the broad and muscular flippers enable

their pursuer to cope with every movement, and the

relentless grasp of those ready jaws soon ends the chase.

Moreover, the skins of the seals are, by muscular action

and gastric juice, by and by removed from the carcass

and ejected by the mouth, as Eschricht first noticed—those

in the stomach being flayed, whilst a skin with hairs

stuck in the mouth and throat. It would also appear

(Nilsson and Eschricht) that the seals are often seized

laterally, the grasp of the trenchant teeth taking in the

parts between the occiput and the sternum. The skins

having thus been removed, the soft parts and the bones are

rapidly acted on in the stomach. Such fornis as the Killers

thus keep in check active fish-destroyers lke porpoises and

seals, for though fishes are occasionally found in their

stomachs they appear to relish warm-blooded animals more.

Moreover, their distribution is so wide that their influence is

felt over a great area, It would be equally unreasonable,

Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 159

however, to attribute the plenitude of the marine food-fishes

to such influences as to place the onus of their diminution

on the multitudes of piscivorous cetaceans and seals. The

effects of both are important, but they do not in any way

interfere with the balance of Nature in the ocean.

The density of the bones in the female Orca at once made

it apparent that, irrespective of the condition of the teeth,

the animal was very old. Hard steel instruments snapped

when holes were drilled in the cranium, and its great weight

still further corroborated its density. The supraocular

tuberosities of the maxillaries and frontals were much more

rough than in the male, from what may be termed papillary

bony growths, and the same condition was present on the

narrower part of the maxillaries in front of the constriction

and notch; whilst even the hollows of the upper part of the

premaxillaries were hirsute with bony points. The edge of

the supraoccipital was roughened by sharp tubercles, and

the same bone and the squamosal externally were similarly

affected, as were also the edges of the body of the hyoid.

Similar bony granules occurred on the tips of the neural

spines and arches throughout, on the transverse processes in

the dorsal region, and on the caudal vertebre.

The skull was only about an inch shorter than that of the

male, but its weight and density were proportionally greater.

The twist of the nasal region to the left was somewhat more

pronounced than in the male, and the great foramen in the

maxillary above the eye was twice as large. No process of

the frontal separated the nasals, which were twice as thick

as in the male and firmly anchylosed.

The teeth, with the exception of two of the rear teeth in

the maxilla, were all worn down to the gums, the row in each

jaw being 14 inches in length, and the number of teeth in

each row being 13. The polished abraded surface sloped

from without inward in most, so that the outer line was

slightly longer than the inner. The maxillary teeth were a

little longer than the mandibular. Some showed a con-

siderable opening into the pulp-cavity (that is, the latter had

been enlarged), yet they were useful teeth and showed no sign

of being shed. Such an animal, however, could not sever

the parts im a seal with the ease of the male just described,

though the two foremost small teeth in the mandible gave a

certain hold. It may have found difficulty in capturing

such forms for food, though it is more likely that it perished

from extreme old age. The longevity of Killers is unknown,

but it is certain that no marine animal is capable of preying

160 Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the

on them, whilst their distribution is cosmopolitan. This

female may have been from 50 to 100 years old, but, of course,

this statement is conjectural. So far as can be observed, the

specific distinctions of Killers are in need of careful re-

examination.

In this specimen there were 52 or possibly 53 vertebre,

and some of the caudal showed traces of age in the granular

bony growths on their surfaces. The lumbar vertebre were

somewhat smaller than those of the male. Four of the

cervical vertebrae were firmly fused (viz. atlas, axis, and the

two following), then the spines of last three were fixed, and the

centra of the 5th and 6th also, whilst the body of the 7th was

free. Anchylosis in this old female had therefore advanced

further than in the male. There are eleven pairs of ribs, but

the transverse processes of the 12th dorsal vertebra had

narrow facets, and as a small and slender rib accompanied

the rest it is probable that twelve pairs existed. The 7th rib

on the left had a callus (from fracture) about a foot from the

transverse process, and the 9th, 10th, and 11th on the right

showed the same feature, the callus on the llth being

largest. These ribs had been fractured by a powerful blow—

perhaps from the tail of a large right whale or a rorqual

which it had attacked during its long predatory career. The

first rib was 12 inches long from the head to the articular

surface for the massive costal bone, and the sternal articular

end of the latter and the sternum itself were roughened by

small bony excrescences. The sternum, originally of four

pieces, formed a solid mass of bone without trace of aperture,

thus differing from that of Reinhardt’s Psewdorca crassidens,

which likewise had a long first rib. A single pelvic bone,

about 8 inches long, was preserved. It agreed with Rein-

hardt’s description in being less curved than in the male.

The scapula measured 13} inches from the dorsal to the

glenoid edge, and its extreme breadth was 17} inches, thus

being slightly less than that of the male. The humerus and

the upper end of the radius and ulna showed the same

granular rough surfaces, externally and internally, as were

noticed elsewhere. This condition may have been partly due

to age and partly to an arthritic affection, such as occasionally

is found in the vertebral column of horses and other domestic

animals. Ossification of the carpus was noteworthy.

The following measurements of this female are contrasted

with those of a Killer of 21 feet (Pseudorca crassidens) given

by Reinhardt :—

Gatly Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 161

Reinhardt’s

oF 21 ft.

inches. ft. in.

Length of nose from tip to nasal opening.,.. 223 Pee

Width at base of nose at contraction in front

Of Maaxillary WROUI Ii. cows cane eta ot 11 Pky

Length of scapula from glenoid cavity to

DPperi opposite EGS6 - 04. javd vies aiseie ean 133 10%

Acromion tnbangtianenier), length ae ES + Z

mw ft ee 4 4

Coracoid process chloe Sete ie io eS Bt 3

Os humeri (tuberculum majus large) ...... 83 10

Readies lem th is. ar3 ord clave: 6\rs Botsra wie’ separa 8 11

Pedi, NVR CIE NON ON CIOS saat aa 5: aleve nce: Oia 5+ 8

Win a TED. 5. eens usta aaa ioaae cine «dbs S 9

y) eacross Olecranon, Width! sosccss ss. se 5 5

3 Bh lowerend, width Fn ye) s. peede! Os 63

2. On the British Ammocharide.

The family of the Ammocharide forms a comparatively

recent introduction into zoological literature, and yet its

representatives, though few, are world-wide in their distri-

bution. No mention is made of any species in Dr. Johnston’s

‘ Catalogue of the Annelids in the British Museum,’ though

in 1842 Delle Chiaje had described and figured Owenia

fusiformis, the common form on the British shores, and

often tossed in hundreds on the West Sands of St. Andrews

after storms.

The cephalic region of Owenia fusiformis varies a little

in appearance when viewed antero-posteriorly in sp‘rit-

preparations ; but in general it presents a truncated surface,

having dorsally a rounded elevation the long diameter of ©

which is transverse. Arnold Watson describes an aperture

through a network of muscular fibres at the convex median

part of this anterior lip, establishing communication be-

tween the coelom and the exterior. Beneath this laterally

are two lobes or lips, sometimes marked by an oblique

groote slanting from above downward and inward, and

having the mouth at their anterior border. A bilobed pro-

cess (the “Lippen-organ” of Drasche) projects from the region

behind, whilst inferiorly another rounded process occupies

the furrow, which is finally bounded ventrally by the smooth

border of the rim between the branchial processes. This

edge of the cephalic rim slightly recedes in comparison with

the dorsal, so that the surface does not form quite a right

angle. In lateral view, indeed, the median ventral edge is

spout-shaped, though it does not project much. An eye-spot

162 Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the

lies on each side, at the base of the branchial process beyond

the edge of the spout-lke curve.

The cephalic rim carries three pairs of dichotomously divided

branchie, the basal regions being large and massive, the

distal processes rather short and truncated. These organs

have their inner surfaces covered with cilia in life. As

Mr. Watson * states: “ Each has a wide, very flat base and

3 or 4 branches, which are subdivided into 7 or more twigs,

each terminated by two small rounded mucus-secreting

lobes. In British specimens the branched processes, viewed

by transmitted light, are semitransparent, pale greenish blue,

or yellow, and tinted with red; whilst those from Naples

are blood-red and in parts coloured with a reddish-brown

pigment.” The Scotch specimens have a pale brown body,

paler posteriorly, and the tentacles are brown. The branchiz

have only a notch between them dorsally, but ventrally a

considerable interval occurs at the slightly spout-shaped

region below the mouth. These organs are richly vascular.

Claparéde and Cunningham and Ramage suggest that they

are merely outgrowths from the periphery of the mouth, and

are not homologous with the branchiz of the serpulids.

The dorsal lobe has, according to Mr, Arnold Watson, a

pore leading into the prolongation of the ccelom, a condition

exceptional in the Polychweta, though present in the

Enchytreeidee. |

Surrounding the circlet of branchie is a fold or collar of

the body-wall, deepest dorsally, and becoming shallow at the

ventral edge. A slight fold or notch occurs at each side

with a groove running a short distance backward and nearly

- opposite the interval between the median and ventral

branchie. A transverse patch of brown pigment marks the

collar dorsally, passes by the eye-spot on each side, from

which it slopes to meet its fellow of the opposite side in the

mid-ventral line about the level of the first bristle-bundles.

Drasche and Watson showed that this pigment indicates the

position of the brain and csophageal commissures, as they

unite to form the ganglion from which the ventral cord,

which is devoid of ganglia or neural canals, arises.

The body varies from 30-60 mm. in length, is firm and

rounded anteriorly, somewhat flattened and tapered pos-

teriorly, where it ends in a slightly bilobed tip with the anus

in the centre—the condition perhaps being more accurately

described as a papillose anus with a dimple in the centre

dorsally and ventrally. The segments, which are indistinctly

* Journ. Linn, Soc., Zool. vol. xxviii, p. 231.

Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 163

defined, are from 23-30 in number, and vary remarkably in

antero-posterior diameter. The first region of the body,

which commences with the madder-brown collar, consists of

the buccal and three bristled segments, as pointed out by

Kolliker in 1864 and the author in 1869, and not of two as

Grube, Claparéde, and Lo Bianco supposed—the smaller

posterior pair, dorsal in position, having been overlooked

or, as Claparéde states, represents the dorsal fascicle per-

taining to the Ist pair of tori. These bristles have a fine

pale golden lustre, and the row or tuft stands more or less

vertically, the longest and most finely tapered being dorsal.

All are simple tapering bristles and the pinnate spikes

slant upward—that is, toward the tip. The first pair of

bristle-bundles is lateral in position and is about equidistant

between the collar and the second pair, with which it agrees

in general arrangement. ‘The third pair is not visible from

the veutral surface, being dorsal in position, springs a little

in front of the segment-junction, and is directed obliquely

upward and outward. Its bristles have the same structure

as those in front, but the function probably differs.

Dorsally the anterior region presents a long shield-shaped

central area, the broad part of which is in front, and the

sides outlined by two frilled bands which pass to the front

of the 38rd segment. Ventrally immediately behind the

mouth is a triangular area, specially alluded to by

Mr. Arnold Watson, bounded by the line of the nerve-

cords, which slant inward from each side to form the fused

central band along this surface to the tail.

A septum divides the buccal from the following segment,

but the three bristled segments form a single chamber.

Each of the segments of the posterior region (that is, after

the 3rd bristled segment) is separated from the adjoining

one by a septum (Watson).

The cesophagus is about the length of the anterior region,

and is followed by the intestine, which passes to the anus, a

series of enlargements and constrictions occurring during

its course. De St. Joseph describes the colour of the

canal in the 3rd and 4th posterior segments as greenish from

glands. The gut has a dorsal and a ventral mesentery and

passes through the septa. It is surrounded by the dorsal

blood-vessel throughout the greater part of its length, thus

forming a peri-intestinal sinus (Watson). This bifurcates

anteriorly near the branchial processes, bends downward and

unites with its fellow to form the ventral vessel, which has

numerous round ampull, as many as forty occurring in the

3rd posterior segment (De St. Joseph).

164 Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the

In section of the body-wall the cuticle is said to occur only

on the anterior region, the epiderm alone being present

posteriorly. Moreover, Gilson thought no ccelomic epithe-

lium lined the muscles internally, a view opposed by Drasche

and Ogneff *.

There are six, sometimes seven J, pairs of cylindrical, rigid,

thread-secreting glands of considerable size, which hang

loosely in the body-cavity—a pair to each of the Ist and 2nd

anterior segments, and the first four posterior segments. Each

is attached to the body-wall by one extremity, which forms a

duct opening between the end of the torus and the bundle

of sete of the segment to which it pertais (Watson).

These secrete a thick viscous liquid containing fine colourless

threads used in the formation of the inner lining of its tube.

De St. Joseph found a minute distome fixed to one of the

glands.

The septa, as pointed out by Gilson, have two valves, viz.,

a simple slit or flap-valve dorsally opening forward like a

door and a sphincter valve ventrally. Watson noticed that

the forward current passed through the dorsal valves, and the

backward current of coelomic fluid through the ventral.

These valves are specially powerful in the septum separating

the anterior from the posterior region.

The next three segments are “comparatively long, exeh

being about twice the length of the anterior region of three

segments. The first of these (the 4th bristled segment) has

two dorsal bristle-tufts immediately behind its anterior

border, and two teri for hooks ventrally in the same line as

the bristle-tufts. Two dorsal glandular bands pass laterally

from the bristle-tufts to those of the succeeding segment,

curving inward as they approach the latter. The ventral

surface is marked only by the median band. The next two

segments follow the same arrangement dorsally and ventrally.

Watson describes an olive-green zigzag canal as running

almost from end to end of the second segment of the posterior

region, and this is the nephridium of Gilson, for it has an

internal funnel-shaped opening and a slit-like aperture

externally. He found, however, that it does not transmit

the genital products as Gilson supposed. The seventh

bristled segment is shorter, but it also presents the same

glandular bands dorsally, the dorsal bristles in front of this

* “ Au-dessous de la cuticle, de hypoderme et de la couche des muscles

circulaires qui n’existe que dans je thorax l’eny eloppe du corps est

tapissée d’une couche continue de muscles longitudinaux,” ete.

+ Gilson indicates a rudimentary gland in the 3rd anterior segment.

It is sometimes absent.

Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 165

segment and at its rear being nearer each other, and the

posterior pair in front of the tori. The following, or 8th,

bristled segment inaugurates a change, for it has no dorsal

glandular bands, and posteriorly it is separated from the next

segment by a deep furrow—in front of which are the tori,

the edges of which are dorsal, and the bristles, which like

those in front are near each other. Moreover, a couple of

dimples occur anteriorly on each side of the middle line.

Further, if it be held that the anterior segments have their

tori and bristles in front, then this segment (8th) has a

double series, those in rear being in front of the segment-

junction, and the bristles slant upward and forward. The

following segments bear the dorsal bristles on the outer edge

and widely apart from each other, and the tori are ventral in

position. The direction of the bristle-tufts after the llth

abdominal segment is usually in the preparations more or

less transverse. Moreover, these posterior bristles, even to

the tip of the tail, are lateral in position.

The segments gradually diminish in antero-posterior

diameter towards the tail, which is terminated by a com-

paratively large anus with a papillose margin, a few of the

minute segments adjoining it apparently having no bristles.

The bristles throughout have the same structure and are

slightly pinate at the extremity (Watson), those in the

posterior segments being fewer in number and proportionally

Jarge and more slender. The tori form characteristic bands of

a multitude of minute crotchets, forming a dense series, each

with two well-marked terminal hooks, the posterior curve of

which is prominent at the tip, the neck, which is narrowed,

having a forward bulge anteriorly below the hooks, and with

a shoulder as it joins the shaft, which is long and slightly

tapered posteriorly to a delicate thread *. The hooks of the

specimens from St. Andrews are somewhat larger than those

of the more bulky Annelids from Naples, but are precisely of

the same structure, and thus differ from the somewhat abrupt

posterior end at its junction with the ligament as shown by

Arnold Watson, the figure having probably been foreshortened

to suit the plate. All have a long shaft gradually tapering

towards the base and a distinct shoulder grasped by the

epiderm. The absence of a shoulder in the figure of Sars

may have been due to the imperfection of his microscope.

The tori of the first four segments are red from their

* De St. Joseph calculates that there are about 7600 hooks per torus,

and perhaps.about 450,000 in all.

Johnson, in Puget Sound Annel., describes an Ammochares with bifid

uncini.

166 Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the

vascularity (Watson), and the anterior ones almost meet in

the central line ventrally, and reach as far as the bristles

dorsally, so that they form the greater part of a ring.

The tube, which may vary from 3-10 em. and 2 mm. or more

in diameter, as a rule consists of a thick internal lining of

secretion which in the middle presents a circular Jumen in

section, and of two conical, elastic, membranous ends—each

with a minute aperture. ‘The body of the tube is densely

covered with fragments of shell more or less set on edge, and

in the preparations generally sloped obliquely toward the

auterior end of the tube. The method by which the annelid

accomplishes this is graphically described by Arnold Watson.

3. On Myriochele heeri &c. dredged in the Gulf of

St. Lawrence, Canada, by Dr. Whiteaves.

Dredged abundantly in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada,

Stations No. 9, 35, 36, 37, and 42, 1873.

The tube in some is nearly 4 inches in Jength, the anterior

third being spindle-shaped and prolonged posteriorly into. a

narrow process, thus differing from the tube of Owenia. It

is composed of sand-grains incorporated in a very tough

secretion externally, and internally of layers of secretion,

and to it the animal in the preserved condition clings so

firmly that it is difficult to secure more than a fragment.

The anterior end forms a conical process with a small

aperture at the tip, but only the extreme tip is free from

sand-grains. Posteriorly the long narrow tube ends in an

aperture, and whilst the greater part of it is covered with

the sand-grains in tough secretion, the terminal region,

which is almost filiform, is coated with soft sandy mud, which

often forms a mass at the tip. The external coating is com-

posed of firmly agglutinated mud in which large sand-grains

are imbedded, and occasionally a few tufts of Gemel/aria are

attached near the anterior end, the larve having settled and

grown thereon. In many the wrinkles and the grains are

transversely arranged on the anterior or larger portion of

the tube, the long slender posterior end not showing this

condition. In those with shorter tubes the sand-grains, on

the other hand, go to the posterior end.

A few tubes are formed of white sand-grains with black

interspersed.

Tubes from Norway apparently belonging to this species

were bristled with sponge-spicules,

The head and the buccal segment are often somewhat en-

—

Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 167

larged in lateral view, whilst from the dorsum they form a

bluntly clavate process with a constriction behind. In others

this region slightly projects all round. The mouth opens

as a large circular aperture immediately behind the tip of the

snout on the ventral surface, and it slopes to a peak ventrally.

The oral margin is smoothly rounded.

The body, as far as was observed, for no entire example

has been seen, has about 27 segments (Malmgren), divided

into an anterior and a posterior region. The anterior region

has three pairs of bristle-bundles, ail visible at the sides of

the body, and thas differs from Owenia, where the 3rd pair

are dorsal. Hach bristle is nearly straight and slightly

tapered towards the tip, and has short spikes directed

distally.

The succeeding region has both bristles and tori. The

former agree with those in front. The hooks have a posterior

projection distally and are bifid. The front edge of the neck

below is prominent, and the neck itself is short, for the

shoulder soon appears, whilst the shaft is long and tapers to

a filament.

Another small elongated tube was dredged abundantly in

the Gulf of St. Lawrence at Stations 33, 34, and 37-40, 1873.

It measures nearly three inches in length, though some are

shorter. It is cylindrical throughout the greater part of its

length, though slight enlargement is noticed before tapering

to the anterior end. The posterior end is often flattened

and very gradually diminished to a blunt open end.

The tube is composed of secretion coated with minute

particles of sand, and showing in some a transverse or circular

arrangement. ‘The long slender posterior end is often filled

with fecal matter, chiefly mud and sand-grains.

The head in the preparations, as removed from the tubes,

is truncated, with a rim, sometimes frilled, round the edge,

and slanting backward ventrally to a deep notch. The com-

pression of the blunt snout by the tube probably causes this

condition. The rim appears to be ciliated. ‘The mouth is

subterminal as in allied species. Occasionally the head and

buccal segment form an enlarged region with the sucker-

like mouth anteriorly, the edges of the rim sloping to the

ventral groove. Asa transparent object a double loop of

blood-vessels oceurs behind the buccal segment, apparently

from the dorsal vessel splitting to form the ventral.

The body is small, elongated, rounded, and appears to be

from an inch to an inch and a half in length, abruptly

truncated anteriorly, continuing nearly of the same diameter

for a considerable distance and then tapering to the tail,

168 Prof. M‘Intesh’s Notes from the

which is bilobed. The first region of the body consists of

three bristled segments, the bristles of which are visible in

lateral view. It seems to be rather less than the cephalic

and buccal region in antero-posterior diameter, the bristles

follow each other closely in dorso-ventral views, and are

minute simple tapering forms with scarcely visible and

thinly distributed spikes on their tips. As in the other

members of the family no hooks occur in the anterior

division, which is marked by a slightly constricted region

having an antero-posterior diameter equal to the distance

between two of the anterior pairs of bristles. A slight ven-

tral swelling behind this indicates the tori of the next

segment, which is rather longer than both the regions above

mentioned. A tuft of bristles is situated on each side

dorsally, and they have the same structure as those already

mentioned. Considerable hypodermic glandular tissue

appears on each side in the line of the bristles and runs

backward to the end of the segment, indicating that in all

probability a similar, though perhaps less developed, arrange-

ment occurs in this as in the larger allies. Lateral and

ventral elevations mark the commencement of the next

segment, which is nearly double the length of the former.

Traces of glandular bands appear on the dorsum of this seg-

ment also, and a bristle-tuft at each side of the dorsum in

front; the following two segments (3rd and 4th of the

second region) are nearly equal in length, each having its

tori and bristle-tufts in front.

The number of segments intervening between the fore-

going and the tail is uncertain.

The body becomes a little more flattened towards the

tail, the segments gradually diminish in length, as also do the

tori, whilst the bristles, though fewer, considerably increase in

length. The last pair of bristle-bundles is accompanied by only

a few hooks. In a reproduced tail the end is bilobed, the

anus being in thecentre. Moreover, behind the last bristle-

bundle are a few hooks, which show that these organs appear

before the bristles. A single bristle occurred in the last

bristled segment on one side and three on the other, the

4th bristles from the end are very long, and so with those on

several segments in front of it.

The crochets are exceedingly minute, but apparently have

a similar structure to those already described, viz., a well-

marked double hook at the tip, the posterior curve of the

hook projecting beyond the neck, whilst the latter imme-

diately below the hook in front is carried well forward.

The neck is short and the shoulder slight, the shaft there-

Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 169

after gradually tapering to a long filament or tendon moved

by a muscular process. The vast number of these organs on

a torus of the middle region of the body with their tendons

and muscular apparatus gives an idea of the complexity of

the arrangements for fixing the animal to the lining of its

tube. Further investigation of this form is necessary, though

it may be a variety of the foregoing.

A Myriochele was found at St. Andrews in the stomach

of the haddock in 1864 by E. M., invested by a sandy tube.

So far as can be observed in,the fragmentary specimens, the

arrangement of the bristles and the structure of the bifid

hooks is identical. The size of the bifid hooks is somewhat

larger than in the Canadian form described in the preceding

note.

4. On the British Hermellide.

In the ‘Catalogue of the British Museum? by Dr. Johnston,

three species are described under the Family Sabellariadz,

but two of these, viz., Sabellaria anglica and S. crassissima

really pertain to the same form, S. alveolata, L., and the third

is S. spinulosa of Leuckart, under the name of S. lumbricalis.

The family is a smail one, only two species being entered, for

instance, by Malmgren in his northern list, and the same

number characterized the British seas until Dr. Allen *

recently added to science the interesting Pullasia murata of

the southern waters. English estuaries have masses of the

sandy tubes of S. alveolata, whilst between tide-marks on

Scottish coasts A. spinulosa forms dense groups of tubes on

stones and rocks.

The cephalic region in Sabellaria spinulosa is divided

dorsally into two great Jateral lobes bearing the palee on

pillars, the dorsal edge of the mouth being in the centre,

whilst the lips slope obliquely backward ventrally ; the two

lobes, which appear to be homologous with the operculum of

the Serpulidz, can be widely separated ventrally, where they

merge into the mouth and its tentacles. Hach lobe forms

a semicircle which by apposition with its neighbour consti-

tutes the opercular crown on the dorsal arch of the mouth,

and between the tentacles is a tongue-shaped fold or process

—richly ciliated.

The external series of golden palez which form a fringe

to the crown are about twenty-five in number; the typical

palez having a shaft, which tapers from the junction of the

tip to the pointed base. The tip forms a broad, flattened,

* Journ. M. B. A. vol. vii. p. 299, pl. x.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xii. 12

170 Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the

and somewhat spathulate process, one side of which bulges

more than the other immediately on expanding above the

shaft, whilst the tip is symmetrically narrowed to a blunt

point, which is cut into three spikes on each side, the centre

being produced as a long process with three lateral spikes

directed distally. In the examples from Luccomb Chine, Isle

of Wight, these lateral spikes are smaller and more numerous,

and the process is larger. Striz cross the flattened tip

from side to side, and are slightly curved upward at each

end, the bulged base of the tip.often showing a differentia-

tion of these and a more marked curvature. The pale at

the extreme ends dorsally and ventrally are less neatly

formed than those in the centre of the semicircle, the inner

lateral spikes being long and powerful, whilst the central

elongated process is more or less rudimentary. All, how-

ever, have the asymmetrical base as in the other types of

the second and third rows.

The second row consists of modified bristles with a slender

shaft tapering to a point at its base, and of a proportionally

massive tip shaped like a broad bill-hook. The shaft tapers

from its upper end to its pomted base and is comparatively

slender. It curves posteriorly into the convex margin of the

tip, whilst anteriorly it abruptly expands into a thin edge,

which is concave in its progress to the pointed tip. More-

over, a second outline occurs within the foregoing, so as to

simulate a double edge, as if a trace of a double wing were

present. ‘The thin edge beyond the inner line is boldly

striated transversely throughout, and curved transverse

strize cross the greater part of the tip, but not the base.

A considerable number of the bristles in this (second) row

present a further stage in the modification of the tip, which

forms a long, curved, tapering structure with the double

outline on the anterior face and the transverse striz through-

out the greater part of its extent. The two ridges on the

anterior face are evidently modifications of wings, and the

point is acute. The shaft is long and tapers from the upper

part to a point at the base, whilst the posterior curve comes

off distally before the anterior and is less abrupt. The

anterior outline swells into the “heel” of the tip aud is

specially striated. In the St. Andrews forms these chiefly

occur at the ventral edge. In those from Luccomb Chine,

Isle of Wight, they occur all along the second or middle

series.

In the variety ensifera from Lochmaddy and Guernsey

several of the paleze of the second row form long needle-like

processes projecting far beyond the rest, and giving a

Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 171

character to the crown. Such occur in the young as well as

in the adults from both places.

The third or inner row has another modification, the tip

leaving the thin shaft at an angle greater than a right angle,

and resembling a long foot with a pointed toe, the resem~

blance being the closer since the heel aud foot have a

different axis from the shaft. The shaft is proportionally

the most slender, and the bending of the tip backwards

causes the heel (anterior projection) to stand out promi-

nently. Bold transverse striz occur on the face between

the ridges, so as to make a rasp-like surface to which mud

adheres. Finer striz are found on the heel and on the tip

apart from the ridges, These bristles form a spiny guard to

the oral aperture, and are often covered with muddy debris.

The crown is supported on a firm fleshy pillar, slightly

bifid dorsally, and more distinctly so ventrally, its surface

dorsally and laterally being variegated with purplish or madder

brown—often arranged in bands dorsally and at the sides

of the tentacles ventrally. A circle of acute tapering

papillz pointing forward surrounds the base of the crown,

and a brown pigment-band paszes from the sides ventrally

to the fissure.

Amidst the palez of two specimens from Southport are

numerous examples of a parasite akin to Udonella.

In the Scottish forms variations in the length of the tips

of the second row of palez are not uneommon, two or

more of these on each side occasionally forming conspicuous

golden curved needles which project far beyond the others,

A curious variety was found in its tube attached to Celle-

pora off St. Peter Port, Guernsey, in which the external

paleze had the distal central process reduced, so that at most

it is only bifid or rarely trifid. The blade is short and

broad. ‘The bill-hook series of the second row is also

broader and shorter than normal, but the inner palez (third

series) do not materially differ. This form shows that the

paleze are hollow, formed of two thin plates of a somewhat

brittle chitinoid substance.

On separating the lobes of the crown the mouth opens

in the centre, and it is marked by the same madder-brown

pigment, sometimes showing longitudinal stripes on its

dorsal edge. It forms a large antero-posterior opening

ventrally, the extended sides of which bear six series of

purplish tentacles, whilst posteriorly a deep groove lies be-

tween a smooth fold on each side. ach series of tentacles

springs from a base, as if formed of a transversely folded

sheet of tissue on each side, the purplish-brown pigment

12*

172 Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the

penetrating between the folds and rendering them more

distinct. The folds are directed obliquely outward and

forward, two on the pillars of the crown being more

nearly longitudinal than the others, and, besides, a patch of

tentacles closely abutting on the fissure lies to the inner side

of these.

The tentacles are long and nearly cylindrical filaments

which in life often twist and wriggle about. When stretched

out they become attenuate, and distinct crenations directed

toward the tip occur on their ciliated edges, giving the organ

a transversely streaked aspect. Each contains two vessels,

apparently a single trunk bent upon itself at the tip, the

trunks looping together at the bases of the tentacles. The

fluid in these vessels is perfectly translucent and free from

granules. The matrix of the process is granular and pale

(hypodermic), and seems to keep the vessels from undue

pressure, yet retaining sufficient elasticity. Muscular fibres,

both longitudinal and circular, are also present, but the

latter were not distinctly seen. Under a power of 60

diameters the cilia of these organs are often seen to remain

perfectly still—projecting from the sides like minute glassy

spikes, then they suddenly are adpressed, the points directed

toward the tip of the tentacle. Occasionally they are jerked

in various ways—some vibrating rapidly a few times and

again becoming rigid. In the quiescent condition they bear

some resemblance to the spinous ray of a starfish or to some

spine-clad stems like Gleditschia. 'The tip of the tentacle is

more opaque than the rest, from its granules and gland-

cells, and now and then it assumes a clavate outline, and

in the preparations a few show a slight constriction below

the tip.

On each side of the posterior groove of the mouth with its

glandular folds is a bifid process, the anterior rounded

portion of which is applied to the soft external fold of the

mouth, whilst the poimted and somewhat ligulate process

projects, like a ventral branchia, downward and slightly

forward. These organs probably act in conjunction with

the posterior buccal groove in tube-formation.

The body is somewhat flattened, marked dorsally and

ventrally by a red streak. The cuticle is delicate and

iridescent dorsally between the branchiz, and is ciliated

especially over the sites of the blood-vessels. The dorsal

groove over the buccal region is also ciliated. On the

ventral surface opposite the 2nd and 3rd segments is a

smooth ovoid area clearly differentiated from the surround-

ing parts by an elevated border.

Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 173

The firm cylindrical region, which splits in front to form

the two pillars of the crown, has at its posterior border

several processes, which apparently pertain to the next

segment.

Dorsally is a pair of branchiz of the normal shape, and

from this a fold passes ventrally on each side, a space,

however, intervening between it and the outer limb of the

bifid postoral process. At the end of this ridge is a broad,

flattened, pointed lobe or papilla, and sometimes two occur.

Such would appear to indicate the first foot of the anterior

or thoracic region of the body, more especially as on each side

of the mid-dorsal groove a tuft of three long simple bristles

with striated shafts and translucent tapered tips imbedded

in the tissnes passes forward to the anterior crown. The

inner bristle on each side forms a pair with its neighbour

and the tips are slightly incurved toward each other, the

second and third (outer) are smaller. These bristles pass

forward in a nearly parallel manner, only very slightly

widening in front. The most interesting feature, however,

is the occurrence to the exterior of these, also imbedded in

the tissues, of several types of the modified bristles in the.

paleal crown. Thus the slipper-shaped kind with the shaft

coming off at an angle, the form resembling a broad and

short bill-hook, and the broad paddle-like external palez

with the lateral spikes and special central process are each

represented on one side or the other.

The anterior (“thoracic”’) region of the body includes

three segments with transversely elongated lamellz, each,

moreover, having a pair of flattened ligulate crenate branchiz

which taper to a point and somewhat resemble the horns of a

goat or antelope, from their transverse ridges, the large cilia

of which have a bold hook-like curve directed toward the tip

of the organ. The branchiz are supplied with long powerful

cilia on their ridges, which make a vortex in the water

around them, and thus are in marked contrast to the

delicately ciliated tentacles. Two vessels occur at their

base, apparently afferent and efferent, and between these are

a series of parallel transverse branches. They are less

sensitive than the pale purple tentacles, since a more violent

contraction takes place when the latter are touched with a

needle. The first, viz., that in front of the anterior region

proper, is arather broad tongue-shaped process, shorter than

the succeeding, which are elongated horn-shaped organs, the

6th apparently being the longest. They continue to the

posterior end, but gradually diminish in size.

Each of the three prominent lateral lamelle below the

174 Prof, M‘Intosh’s Notes from the

branchiz carries a series of spathulate golden bristles

arranged in a single line, the first having 7 or 8, the second

9, O. andl the third 10. They are generally directed straight

outward, though in life the points are directed backward,

and have a flattened translucent tip like the blade of a

paddle, the upper end of the shaft gradually dilating into

the broad blade; the dilated part, moreover, showing in some

short oblique striae on one side—as if a trace of the striz

so common in winged forms. Those of the first set have

a narrower tip and longer fringes; the outer fringes,

moreover, being split into finer processes on the margin.

Those of the third series have broader tips and the brush-

like filaments at the extremity are shorter. Each bristle

diminishes in size from the tip to the base, and the shaft is

striated. Mingled with the foregoing bristles are a few

simple forms, the curved slender tapering tips of which with

their sparse spikes project from the skin between the stronger

forms. If anything, the first series has slightly narrower

tips aud more slender shafts than the third, which sometimes

shows truncated tips from wear.

A fold, marked by the purple-brown pigment from each of

the dorsal setigerous lamellee, continues the segment ventrally

and ends in a papilla with a minute tuft of golden bristles,

which, although small, have a similar structure to the larger.

They are translucent bristles with long shafts deeply inserted

in the tissues, the dilatation of the shaft distally being more

gradual, whilst the fringes at the tip of the blade pass much

more deeply, so that the whole tip forms a more perfect

brush. They are also accompanied by the simple spinous

bristles, which are considerably shorter, but go more deeply

into the tissues. The physiological importance of the two

sets of bristles is unknown, but it may be conjectured that

the oar-shaped forms, having performed their functions of

fashioning the tube, could be slightly retracted, or the

slender ones may be slightly protracted, so that both might

act in a brush-like manner. The anterior tuft is the largest

and the 3rd the smallest ; the opposite condition occurring

in the large dorsal bristles. ‘The direction of these bristles

is forward and slightly inward, the angle of inclination being

thus different from that in the next series. The last (3rd)

set shows faint serrations or striz at the sides just below the

flat tip.

Between the ventral edge of the lamella for the hooks and

the ventral bristles in the second (abdominal) region of the

body is a small filiform papilla, longest in front and

diminishing to a minute process in the caudal region.

Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 175

- The succeeding region of the body is characterized by the

increase in the depth of the lateral lamell, the first being

about three times that of the next in front; but they

gradually diminish in depth in their progress backward,

whilst they increase in prominence, those in the distal part

of the region, for no dorsal bristles are visible, projecting like

cirri. ‘The bristles of the region are thus pushed veutrally,

so that even the long posterior forms are not, as a rule, seen

at the sides in a dorso-ventral view. They are situated to

the inner side of the prominent, coloured, lamelle forming

the dorsal region of each segment. The longest bristles in

each tuft are in front, since, instead of being arranged in a

transverse row, they form an oblique one. The typical

bristles are long and translucent with smooth shafts, which

taper from the skin to the delicate and flexible tip covered

with whorls of spikes directed distally. Their usual direction

is forward and inward, and they fall smoothly under a needle,

carried from behind forward, but rise against it when passed in

the opposite direction. As rudimentary bristles of the same

kind appear in the first region of the body between the bases

of the spathulate forms, their distribution is thus uniform

throughout. Moreover, the bristles of the first series of this

region present a transition-stage, having stouter shafts and a

broader and shorter spinous part at the tip, the latter, indeed,

resembling a short villous region. Accompanying these is

usually a slender tapering spinous bristle, and this is also a

transition-form. The posterior bristles form a conspicuous

series ventrally, but, though longer, their structure remains

the same.

The prominent transverse or lateral lamelle formerly

alluded to bear the numerous hooks, their tendons, and

muscles. In shape the hooks are elongate, with a single

tendon at the distal end and two at the rounded base. In

lateral view five teeth usually characterize them, though

when viewed from the front each represents only one of two

or three in the row of which six may occur in both anterior

and posterior feet, the latter, however, having smaller hooks.

The slender cirriform lamellz of the posterior feet have the

interior largely occupied by the bundles of tendons from the

hooks, and to these muscular fibres are attached. At the

base of each elongated lamella posteriorly is a deep brownish

pigment-spot.

The narrow posterior end of the body is continued as a

long tubular process, which fits into the dorsal groove when

the animal is quiescent in the tube, but which can be

elongated or shortened at will, and forms a very efficient

176 Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the

means for passing the fecal matter out of the aperture of the

tube without necessitating the turning of the annelid. At

its tip is the vent with a more or less distinct rim which in

some is oblique. It is noteworthy that in the preparations

this tube is generally dorsal, whereas that of S. alveolata is

doubled forward in the ventral groove.

The next species, Sabellaria alveolata, L., has a cephalic

region which differs from that of S. spinulosa in the more

beautifully regular arrangement of the palez of the crown,

and in the greater development of the filiform papille which

form a graceful margin to it, and are even seen through its

translucent marginal paleee. Moreover, the shortness of the

firm buccal region posteriorly distinguishes it from S. spinu-

losa. The sloping inner row of pale guard an elliptical

central space, at the anterior end of which are the frilled dorsal

margins of the mouth. The crown is supported on two

short and massive pillars, but they are connate at the dorsal

margin, the only differentiation being a gap in the circle of

papillz: and the central line separating the posterior paleze.

Looked at from the face, however, a slight incurvation of the

margin is observed dorsally and a more distinct one ventrally,

where the split between the pillars supporting the crown is

very distinct. In this species the marginal papille sur-

rounding the crown.are larger, longer, and more numerous

than in S. spinulosa, and are very conspicuous whether

viewed from front or rear.

The outer pales form a pale golden, translucent, and regular

margin to the crown, lying almost horizontally, or with a shght

slope upward, and presenting a finely notched continuous

edge under a lens. Each palea is shaped somewhat like a

ericket-bat with a long tapering handle and unequal

shoulders, the translucent and flattened blade being slightly

bent at the tip and generally split into five or six strong

curved teeth directed to the front, or that side of the blade

with the higher shoulder and slight concavity in outline.

The second tooth, which occupies nearly the middle of the

blade, is longest, and is followed by three or four smaller.

The blade is marked by transverse strize, which are finest on

the translucent tip, and a kind of keel occurs near the

higher shoulder, for the shaft is more or less rounded or

angular, whilst the blade is flattened. The blades at the

dorsal edge are a little longer, and their tips show less

friction. The middle palez have slightly shorter blades, the

tips of which are sometimes frayed, and the curve in front

differs, in so far as a tendency to slope backward distally

is noticeable. Those at the ventral edge show the latter

Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 177

feature in a more pronounced manner, the tips are sherter,

the teeth at the tip are longer, less curved, and show the

effects of friction. The developing palez in the tissues

have the teeth connected by a membrane.

The second row, which is nearly horizontal, consists of

palee with an outline resembling a large heavy foot (the

blade) and a slender tapering leg (the shaft), the heel being

comparatively small. The double outline on the part repre-

senting the sole is less marked than in Sabellaria spinulosa,

and this outline is nearly straight, the opposite one being

slightly convex. Both slope a little toward the blunt tip,

which is often frayed. The flattened tip is crossed by trans-

verse strize, and the tips of the blades touch the bases of the

outer palez and form a very regular second row, the two

sides making an ovoid area.

The inner or third row of the pale golden palez forms an

oblique palisade, which leaves only a narrow ellipse between

them, and in lateral view, in Neapolitan examples especially,

the palisade shows a high dorsal margin and diminishes

gradually to the ventral edge. The typical palea has a long,

flattened, tapering terminal blade, from which the shaft

passes off at an oblique angle and tapers to a point, the heel

or shoulder being at the front edge, the outline of which is

very slightly concave, and with serrations on the margin,

The dorsal outline presents a slight convexity in the region

corresponding to the arch of the foot. The transverse or

slightly oblique strize pass from the inner outline to the free

edge where the notches are. The rest of the tip is longi-

tudinally striated.

The dorsal arch of the mouth is of a deep purplish-brown

hue, and it passes backward till it meets with a buccal collar

which joins its fellow of the opposite side ventrally ina

slightly spout-shaped margin. From the dorsal edge of

this collar springs a tapering buccal tentacle on each side.

External to this collar ventrally another dark brownish-

purple and frilled lamella, considerably thinner than the

former, extends to meet that of the opposite side, so as to form

another spout-shaped process—as it were, ensheathing the

former, and covnected externally with the inner base of the

bifid organ which guards the spout-shaped aperture ventrally.

The bifid organ springs by a broad base from the peristomial

region, the massive and larger division curving inward to

meet its fellow in front of the external spout-shaped aperture,

the chink of which is observed between them. ‘The anterior

end of each is blunt and rounded, and the dorsal surface is

tinted brownish. The other process springs about midway

178 Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the

from the outer edge, and passes forward and outward as a

short conical process in the Neapolitan, but as a process

with a longer filiform tip in the English examples, though

its condition is subject to variation. Moreover, on a long

papilla on the dorsal edge of the base (that is, behind the

external pointed papilla), a row of fine bristles projects,

the long axis of the tuft being from the front slightly

upward and backward. In structure these bristles differ

from the ventral series in being comparatively stout, per-

fectly smooth, and with the tips apparently abraded from

use.

The oral tentacles form a series of converging rows on

each side to the number of about twelve, but the number is

variable. Each basal lamella is concave in front, and the

filaments spring from the summit as a single row.

In spirit the buccal region still retains deep purplish-

brown pigment on the sides, especially external to the

tentacles and between their basal folds. It is terminated on

each side posteriorly, as in S. spinosa, by a fillet which has a

branchia dorsally and a flattened and pointed lamella with

a minute bristle-tuft below it ventrally, the bristles having

proportionally stout shafts and tapering closely spinous tips.

They appear to belong to the ventral series.

The long dorsal bristles in the complex region of Sadellaria

spinulosa are thus absent, only developing palee occurring

toward its anterior margin. Whether the smooth bristles

to the exterior of the ventral mouth-lobes represent their

equivalent or otherwise is at present unknown, but their

absence dorsally is noteworthy. Meyer’s view that such

represents the dorsal division of the first segment of the

body is thus not without basis, more especially as the tuft

of characteristic bristles shows that the ventral division is

also present. The dorsal bristles seem to be well developed

in Pallasia murata, Allen *, the first branchia with the fillet

and the papilla on its anterior margin would thus appear to

complete the parts of the first bristled segment.

The body is massive, rather flattened, grooved both

dorsally and ventrally, gently tapered, both when viewed

dorsally and laterally, from the anterior to the posterior end,

and divided into two regions, besides the long, flexible,

caudal tube which appears to be invariably curved ventrally

in the preparations. The dorsum is occupied throughout by

the branchiz, the first three of which have broader flattened

bases and more slender tips than the rest—which increase

* Journ. M, B. A. iv. 8, vol. vii. p. 301, pl. x. figs. 1 & 3.

Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 179

in length to the 7th or 8th, and then gradually diminish

posteriorly. Their structure corresponds with that in

S. spinulosa. The lateral region has the segment-ridges and

the lamelle for the hooks, the latter posteriorly projecting

outward as long cuneiform processes. The dorsal surface

is marked by close transverse strie and an ovoid area

about the 6th and 7th branchiz. Ventrally the groove at

the same level has a similar depressed ovoid area, and the

caudal tube lies in the groove posteriorly, whilst anteriorly

the groove commences behind the first (or thoracic) region.

Behind the fragmentary segment just described is the first

region of the body proper (thoracic auctorum) consisting

of three segments, each with a dorsal branchia and a

lateral setigerous lamella, which increases in length and

breadth from the first to the third. The first is least,

and has slightly smaller oar-shaped bristles (7 in number),

the pointed translucent tips of which are only a little fringed,

and thus differ from those of Sabedlaria spinulosa with their

deep fissures. The second has a longer lamella than the

first and a few bristles more, and the third exceeds both in

these respects, and the bristles often show asymmetrical tips.

The shafts of all these oar-shaped bristles are remarkably

long, penetrating deeply into the tissues, and they also

appear to be flat. Between each, as a rule, is a slender

finely spinous form, only the tip of which projects from the

surface, but it has a long straight shaft almost as large as

that of the oar-shaped kind. The posterior margin of the

first and second lamellz are coarsely crenate, but that of

the third is smooth; a ridge from each lamella passes

downward to the ventral bristles.

The ventral bristles, as in the previous species, conform

to the type of the dorsal, being more slender forms with

oar-shaped tips.

The posterior region of the body has about 34 bristled

segments, and tapers gently from the anterior to the posterior

end, but the latter is of considerable breadth and is gently

rounded to join the caudal tube. The dorsal surface is more

or less flattened and marked by a rather broad median band

with transverse grooves, which are not opposite those between

the lateral lamelle—indeed, they alternate with these. The

ovoid anterior area is opposite the first, second, and part of the

third segments of the region, whilst posteriorly the median

band rises into an elevated rounded ridge, continuous with

the caudal tube. The branchiz form conspicuous dorsal

' processes, the first seven or eight being noteworthy for their

great length. Their structure corresponds with that observed

180 Notes from the Gatty Marine Laboratory.

in S. spinulosa. The ventral surface has a deep median groove,

commencing with the first segment of the region and con-

tinuing to the last, for the reception of the caudal tube

as it curves to this surface. Two transverse ridges cross

the groove in front of the anterior area, the second being

slightly bent forward, and the next (third) curved more

boldly backward to suit the ovoid boss. As with the grooves

on the dorsum, these transverse ridges are opposite the

middle of each segment.

This region (second body-region) has no dorsal bristles.

A ridge passes from each branchia laterally and ventrally,

almost to the edge of the ventral groove. ‘The upper third

of the ridge is flat, then the torus for the uncini project and

end ventrally in a papilla; lastly, the ridge is continued ven-

trally and ends in a process for the ventral bristle-tuft and

a small subulate cirrus external to or behind it. The first

has the longest and largest cirrus, and it is situated to the

exterior of the bristle-tuft, and the next five or six, though

less, are easily seen to the exterior of the bristles. By-and-by,

in their progress backward, they diminish and fall to the

rear of the bristle-tuft, and in the caudal region they form

only flattened eminences behind the tufts. The first torus

for the hooks is of great length, and so with the second, but

the others gradually diminish, the last eight or nine being

cirriform. The hooks are similar to those of S. spinulosa,

presenting six teeth in lateral view, the basal end, however, 1s

somewhat more truncate distally. Front views show at least

a double series of teeth along the edge. ach has its distal

and two proximal tendons, and the numbers are great, the

tendons forming an asbestos-like mass of fibres in each case.

The postericr hooks are smaller, but do not differ materially

in outline.

The first bristle-tuft of the region is directed horizontally

inward, and in structure it possesses intermediate characters,

having about six or seven strong golden bristles with long

flattened oar-shaped tips and elongated points, the surface of

the tip being minutely spinous. There are, besides, about

the same number of forms with more slender shafts and finely

tapered tips, densely covered with minute whorls of spikes.

The second ventral tuft of pale golden bristles is directed

inward and slightly forward, but it conforms to the ventral

type of structure, some of the bristles having stouter longi-

tudinally striated shafts, others more slender, but all having

slender tapering tips clothed with whorls of spikes directed

distally. The rest of the bristles of the region have their

tips directed forward and inward, those in the caudal region

On Coleoptera of the Family Buprestide. 181

being even more conspicuous than those in front, and they

have proportionally shorter tips and longer shafts, the

imbricated spikes forming a scale-like arrangement on the

front of the bristle, whilst the back is smooth. A more or

less alternating series of stronger and more slender bristles

occurs in each tuft, which is antero-posteriorly spread, like

a fan, over the soft caudal tube in its ventral groove.

The caudal tube bends smoothly to the ventral groove,

and extends more than halfway forward on the ventral

surface, diminishing a little as it proceeds. A purplish-

brown pigment-patch marks its commencement. Two ridges

(probably muscular) occur on the ventral surface, with a

median groove between them and a lateral furrow at each

side. The anal aperture at the tip is usually ovoid in the

preparations, with the long diameter transverse.

XIX.— Observations on Coleoptera of the Family Buprestide,

with Descriptions of new Species. By Cuas. O. WaTER-

HOUSE, I.8.0., F.E.S.

[Continued from vol. ix. 1912, p. 57.]

Paracupta varennes?, Montr.

The synonymy as given by Captain Kerremans in Wyts-

mann’s ‘Genera’ and in his Monograph (iv. p. 143) is not

quite correct. ‘The species named erythrocephala in Capt.

Kerremans’ collection is sutwralis, Saund., with three impres-

sions on each elytron. The true erythrocephala has only one

fovea at the base of the elytra (vide Montrouzier, Ann. Soc,

Ent. Fr. viii. 1860, p. 249). Thesynonymy therefore should

stand thus :—

1. P. varennest, Montr.

2. P. suturalis, Saund.

montrouziert, Th.

erythrocephala, Kerrem, (nec Montr.),

3. P. erythrocephala, Montr.

meesta, Saund,

182 Mr. ©. O. Waterhouse on Coleoptera .

Haplotrinchus viridula, Ol.

By some unaccountable accident Capt. Kerremans had

this species in his collection named “‘ cupreomaculata, Saund.,”

and it appears under that name as the first species of the

genus Haplotrinchus in Wytsman’s ‘Genera,’ p. 127. The

true cupreomaculata is a Dicercomorpha somewhat resembling

D. javanica, but more finely sculptured and with bright

coppery-red ornamentation.

Chalcophora sexspinosa, Th.

This species is a Dicercomorpha allied to cupreomaculata.

Haplotrinchus splendens, sp. n.

Head steel-blue, the vertex rich coppery red. Thorax

rather strongly but not very closely punctured, dark steel-

blue in front, bright metallic coppery red behind and at the

sides. Scutellum rather broad, yellowish coppery, impressed

in the middle. LElytra bright metallic green with gold

reflections, shading into deep coppery red behind the middle,

the apex steel-blue. ‘The lines of punctures very slightly

impressed, the interstices very finely punctured. The apex

of each elytron with three teeth, the outer one prominent

and very acute, the others small. Body beneath dark steel-

blue, the tibize and tarsi ferruginous.

Length 15 mm.

Hab. Fiji Is. (September).

This species has somewhat the broad elliptical form of

HT. aurocuprea and pyrochlora, but it has no carina at the

sides of the thorax and there are no impressions on the elytra.

Dicercomorpha fasciata, sp. n.

Dark steel-blue, the elytra with a purple shade. Resembles

D. mutabilis in form. Head strongly rugosely punctured in

front. Thorax strongly angulated at the sides, strongly

punctured, the punctures not very close together on the disk,

crowded at the sides. There is an oblique finely punctured

impression in front, commencing at the anterior angle, slightly

widening as it extends on to the disk; a short median im-

pressed line in front ; a rather deep, small, golden fovea in

the middle of the base. Hach elytron has the following

well-marked, finely punctured, pale brassy white impres-

sions :—A fascia at the base extending from the shoulder to

near the scutellum; a transverse one below the shoulder,

of the Family Buprestide. 183

with a small round one on the same level close to the suture ;

a larger oval one on the disk behind these, with a very

small one near it close to the suture ; a transverse one just

behind these, touching the margin ; a fascia extending from

the suture to the margin, interrupted by the second costa ; a

subapical fascia which does not quite reach the suture. ‘I'he

sutural apical angle is not acute as in mutabilis, and the

outer tooth is only very slightly prominent.

Length 19 mm.

fab, Philippine Is. (ex coll. D. Sharp).

LEctinogonia darwini, sp. n.

Very broad. Head coppery, rugose, clothed with obscure

yellowish pubescence. Thorax a little wider in front of the

middle than at the posterior angles, which are not divergent,

blackish green, densely and coarsely punctured, rugose at

the sides; median impression parallel-sided, the raised

smooth parts have a few punctures, each with a rather broad

bluish-green expansion near the front extending halfway to

the anterior angle. Hlytra densely and finely punctured,

with larger punctures intermixed, the punctured parts

coppery, the raised interspaces bluish green. The suture

only slightly raised. Hach elytron has three shining, strongly

raised, smooth, nearly black coste, broad at the base,

gradually narrowed posteriorly, all meeting near the apex ;

the third or outer one somewhat interrupted posteriorly.

Each costa has several green punctured impressions. Be-

tween the third costa and the margin there is a fourth costa,

beginning behind the middle and extending to the apex;

this has three or four coppery punctured impressions. ‘Ihe

apex of each elytron is obliquely emarginate. Underside

bright coppery, strongly punctured ; the middle of the pro-

sternum bluish green. The margins of the abdominal

segments shaded with golden green.

Length 32, lat. 14 mm.

fab. 2

The specimen described was in a box of miscellaneous

S.-American insects collected by C. Darwin during the voyage

of the ‘Beagle.’ It was standing by a label “from the

Booby, St. Pauls,” which referred to a species of Onithomyia,

but it is very improbable that it came from that island. It

is almost certainly from Chili.

Stigmodera peroni, Lap. & Gory.

The insect which bears this name in the Museum collection,

184 Mr. G. A. K. Marshall on new

and which appears to be correctly determined, is the same as

Strigoptera australis of Blackburn. It is placed in the genus

Neobuprestis by Kerremans. It was originally described

from Kangaroo Island, and two of the Museum specimens

are from that locality. The male has the apical segment of

the abdomen broadly emarginate, with the outer angles very

acute.

XX.—On new Species of Indian Curculionidee.—Part II.

By Guy A. K. MARSHALL.

Tue following six new species of weevils were represented in

a collection submitted to me for identification by Mr. E. P.

Stebbing.

All the types are deposited in the British Museum.

OTIORRHYNCHINA.

Myllocerus carinirostris, sp. 0.

Rufo-brunneus, insuper brunneo- subter pallide viridi-squamosus,

prothorace lineis duabus viridibus ornato, elytris interstitiis alter-

nis pallidioribus ; rostro area dorsali elevata in frontem adscen-

dente ibique abrupte truncata, ares lateribus alte carinatis;

funiculi articulo primo quam secundo longiore; prothorace sub-

cylindrico, postice transverse impresso, basi bisinuato, apice

rotundato-producto; elytris latis, longitudinaliter valde convexis,

ad apicem truncatis, interstitiis setis squamiformibus confertim

obsitis; femoribus unidentatis.

Colour black or chestnut-brown, with brown and green

scaling ; the sides and underparts pale metallic green ; the

prothorax dark brown above, with two narrow green stripes ;

the elytra indistinctly striped, the intervals 1, 3, and 5 being

brown, the suture and alternate intervals rather paler and

more or less irrorated with green scales, especially at the

base of 2.

Head not continuous with the rostrum in a single plane,

but with the elevated base of the latter continued on to the

forehead, being broadly truncate at its base, and terminating

abruptly so as to form a transverse furrow between the eyes ;

the latter widely separated and almost circular. Rostrum

about as long as broad, longer than the head, somewhat

dilated at the apex, the apical margin deeply and acutely

incised, the raised dorsal area depressed in the middle,

Species of Indian Curculionids. 185

without any central carina, but with the lateral carinz

elevated far above the upper margin of the eyes and forming

an angular prominence above the insertion of the antenne.

Antenne stout, the scape reaching the middle of the pro-

thorax, with conspicuous curved sete and brown and green

scaling, the funicle with the basal joints elongate, 2 longer

than 1, 3 slightly longer than 4, 2 to 6 with whitish scaling.

Prothvrax subcylindrical, the sides almost straight, the apex

scarcely narrower than the base, the basal margin deeply

bisinuate, the apical margin roundly prominent ; when the

scaling is intact the upper surface is closely covered with

small punctures, each containing a short scale-like seta, and

there is a shallow transverse impression behind the middle.

Elytra comparatively broad, with the shoulders rather promi-

nent, the sides slightly sinuate behind the shoulders and

rounded posteriorly, being broadest behind the middle, the

apices broadly truncate, the longitudinal curvature very

convex, the striz deep and distinctly punctate, the intervals

convex and closely set with short, suberect, broad, scale-like

sete, Legs red-brown, with green and grey scaling, all the

femora with a small tooth, the tibiz simple,

Long. 54-64, lat. 22-3 mm.

Assam: Sylhet, Cachar; Burma: Tharrawaddy (2. P.

Stebbing).

In specimens which appear to be females of this species

the rostral plate is rather narrower and its sides are distinetly

sinuate and not strongly carinate. The presence of this

rostral plate will distinguish this Myllocerus from every other

described species,

Myllocerus catechu, sp. 0.

Niger, squamulis viridibus metallicis dense vestitus, prothorace ad

latera utrinque fusco-vittato; oculis lateralibus convexis, quam

fronte multo angustioribus ; rostro breyiore quam ad basin latiore,

apice leviter rectangulariter exciso, carina media in frontem

continuata ; antennis ferrugineis, funiculi articulo primo quam

secundo evidenter longiore et crassiore ; prothorace subquadrato,

lateribus parum rotundatis, basi subtruncato nec apice latiore ;

elytris setis minimis depressis indutis ; femoribus unidentatis.

Colour black, with uniform pale metallic-green scaling,

the prothorax with a lateral fuscous stripe on each side,

Head almost plane, the eyes lateral and rather prominent,

the forehead much broader than the space between the scrobes,

Rostrum a little longer than the head, shorter than its basal

width, the sides narrowed from the base to beyond the middle

Ann. & May. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xii. 13

186 Mr. G. A. K. Marshall on new

and dilated at the apex, the apical emargination comparatively

shallow and forming aright angle, shallowly impressed above,

and with a fine central carina which ascends the forehead, the

lateral caring obsolete. Antenne ferruginous, the funicle

with joint 1 evidently longer and thicker than 2, the remaining

joints subequal. Prothorax about as long as broad, the sides

slightly rounded, broadest at the middle, very shallowly con-

stricted and transversely impressed near the apex, the basal

margin subtruncate and not broader than the apex, the

sculpturing entirely concealed by the scaling. lytra shal-

lowly emarginate at the base, about twice as broad as the

prothorax at the shoulders, the sides parallel, distinctly

punctato-striate, the intervals slightly convex, the sete very

minute and depressed, only visible under a high magnifica-

tion. Legs flavescent, the femora with green scaling and

each with a minute tooth,

Long. 23-23, lat. 3-1 mm.

BomBay: Poona (£. P. Stebbing).

Mr. Stebbing found this species teeding upon the leaves of

Acacia catechu.

EREMNINZ.

CYRTEPISTOMUS, gen. nov.

Type, Phyllobius jucundus, Redt.

Rostro non breviore quam latiore, genis plus minus dilatatis, mar-

gine epistomatis postico rotundato aut obtuse angulato, margine

antico minus profunde exciso, scrobibus omnino apicalibus, fora-

mine oris obliquo, mento setis quatuor transversim obsito; an-

tennis elongatis, scapo cylindrico, gradatim clavato, funiculi

articulo secundo quam primo non breviore; prothorace ad basin

subtruncato aut perparum bisinuato, apice quam basi non aut vix

angustiore, lobis ocularibus semper observandis, vibrissis brevibus ;

elytris, sterno, ventre, pedibus ut in genre Cyphicero, sed corbulis

tibiarum posticarum sine carina interna (nécopino et pannoso

exceptis).

Allied to Cyphicerus, Schh., which differs principally in

the following points:—The apical emargination of the

rostrum is deep, and the posterior margin of the epistome

forms a sharp angle, which is never less than a right angle;

the funicle bears true scales and the second joint is longer

than the first; the mentum bears only two seta, and the

corbels of the posterior tibize have always a distinct internal

carina.

In addition to the type, the following described species are

Species of Indian Curculionide. 187

referable to this genus :—Cyphicerus deprecabilis, Fst., Cori-

getus gracilicornis, F'st., Corigetus necopinus, Fst., and Cori-

getus testatus, Fst. The genus is so far known to occur in

India, Burma, and China.

Cyrtepistomus pannosus, sp. 0.

Piceus, parce brunneo-squamosus, fascia pallida indistincta post

medium ornatus; fronte latissima in medio striata, oculis latera-

libus fere planis ; rostro in medio carinato; funiculi articulis 1

et 2 subeequalibus ; prothorace transverso, lobis ocularibus dis-

tinctis subangulatis, rude punctato, antice transverse impresso,

pone medium utrinque foveolato; elytris pone medium perparum

dilatatis, squamulis elongato-oblongis et setis erectis obsitis.

Colour varying from pale brown to piceous black, with thin

and uneven greyish scaling, often forming a very irregular

transverse band behind the middle. :

Head with the eyes lateral and almost flat, the forehead

very broad and with a rather deep short central stria.

Rostrum about as long as its basal width, strongly narrowed

from the base to beyond the middle, thence dilated; the two

earinee flanking the dorsal area slightly diverging behind and

with a longitudinal furrow adjoining each externally, the

dorsal area plane and with a central carina lying ina furrow.

Antenne with joints 1 and 2 of the funicle subequal. Pro-

thorax transverse, with the sides gently rounded, the base

truncate, the dorsal front margin straight, the ocular lobes

well developed, subangulate, and with indistinct vibrissee ;

the dorsum coarsely punctate, with a shallow transverse

anterior impression and a rounded fovea on each side behind

the middle. /ytra subtruncate at the base, very slightly

broadened behind the middle in both sexes, the strize strongly

punctate ; the scales mostly elongate-oblong, a few sub-

quadrate ; the setse cylindrical, rather long, and erect. Legs

with the anterior tibize almost straight internally.

Long. 4-54, lat. 13-24 mm.

CENTRAL Provinces: Damoh, Jabalpur (2. P. Stebding) ;

Berar: Melghat Forest (Stebbing).

Recorded as feeding on the leaves of teak.

Amblyrrhinus subrecticollis, sp. n.

Niger, squamulis brunneis et griseis variegatus, elytris postice plaga

pallida ornatis ; A. poricolli similis, sed rostro deflexo, lateribus

subparallelis ; prothorace subcylindrico et ad basin quam elytris

multo angustiore ; elytris setulis squamiformibus erectis obsitis,

13*

188 Mr. G. A. K. Marshall on new

Black, with dense grey scaling; the prothorax with a

brown stripe on each side and a narrow brown central line ;

elytra variegated with brown dorsally and with a more

distinct angulated brown marking behind the middle, followed

by a broad pale oblique band.

Rostrum about as broad as long, almost parallel-sided and

directed downwards, the raised dorsal area also parallel-

sided and without any distinct anterior impression. Pro-

thorax about as long as broad, much narrower than the elytra

at the base, and only slightly narrowed in front, the sides

being almost straight, the dorsal anterior margin subtrun-

cate, the ocular lobes well developed ; the upper surface with

the sculpturing hidden by the scaling and set with very short

suberect sete. Llytra with distinct striae, but with the

punctures hidden by the scaling, the intervals convex and

with rows of erect scale-like sete.

Long. 5, lat. 24 mm.

Unirep Provinces: Dehra Dun (A. JZ. Littlewood).

Mr. Stebbing states that the species was found in the

rotting bark of Mallotus philippinensis.

In A. poricollis, Boh., the rostrum is porrect and narrowed

in front, the prothorax is broadly dilated behind and the sides

are angulated near the base, and the setze on the elytra are

recumbent and inconspicuous. Further, the scale-structure

is quite distinct: in A. subrecticollis the scales are flake-like,

flat or slightly concave, strongly fluted, and more or less

regularly imbricated ; whereas in A. poricollis they are

somewhat bead-like, convex, indistinctly fluted, and scarcely

overlapping.

ALcrpiIn2.

Alcides porrectirostris, sp. n.

Ater, nitidus, nudus; fronte fovea impressa; rostro porrecto, sat

fortiter punctato ; prothorace subconico, quam latitudine basali

vix breviore, lateribus fere rectis, equaliter granulato, antice

rugoso ; elytris prothorace multo latioribus, humeris prominenti-

bus, lateribus subparallelis, seriatim fossulatis, subclathratis, inter-

stitiis irregularibus rugosis ; femoribus gracilibus, rugose punc-

tatis, pilis longis infra indutis, dente acuto juxta apicem armatis,

tibiis anticis intus unidentatis.

Black, shining, without scaling (three examples).

Head closely punctate, with a frontal fovea. Rostrum

quite straight and porrect (especially in ¢ ), slightly widened

apically, striolate at the base, strongly punctate in g, more

finely in @. Prothorax subconical, about as long as its basal

Species of Indian Curculionide. 189

width, the sides almost straight and with only a slight ante-

rior constriction, the upper surface with rather distant low

granules, the apical area rugose, the antescutellar angle

slightly elevated. Scutellum oval, shallowly impressed.

Llytra much broader than the prothorax, with the shoulders

very prominent and roundly rectangular, the sides narrowing

very slightly to beyond the middle, the longitudinal outline

very convex and deepest before the middle, with regular rows

of fovez, the intervals being rather narrow, irregular, rugose,

and sparsely set with very short, curved, pale sete, the poste-

rior calli prominent. Legs very coarsely punctate, the femora

comparatively slender, with a fringe of long hairs beneath

and with a long sharp tooth close to the apex; front tibia

with a single internal tooth at the basal third.

Long. 8-94, lat. 33-4 mm.

PungaB: Bashahr (2. P. Stebbing).

CossONINZ.

Himatium asperum, sp. n.

Rufo-brunneum, setosum; fronte evidenter confertim punctata;

rostro omnino recto subcylindrico, a capite abruptius emisso, in

medio dorsi subtilius punctato, alibi punctis majoribus sub-

confluentibus ; prothorace subdepresso, undique reticulato-punc-

tato, setis transversim reclinatis induto, prope basin latiore,

lateribus vix rotundatis, antice profunde constricto; elytris late

et profunde punctato-striatis, interstitiis omnibus setis reclinatis,

alternis setis squamiformibus erectis obsitis.

Uniform red-brown, with stout pale sete.

Head very convex and closely and distinctly punctate, the

eyes scarcely visible from above. Rostrum about twice as

long as broad, straight, parallel-sided, almost cylindrical, and

projecting from the head at an angle with the forehead ; for

the most part with coarse and longitudinally confluent punc-

tures, except in the centre of the disk, where the punctures

are even finer than those on the head ; with a few short scale-

like setee and a transverse row of four very long erect ones

at the extreme base. Prothorax nearly half as long again as

broad, widest near the base and gradually narrowed ante-

riorly, with a deep constriction near the apex; the upper

surface rather flattened, with coarse reticulate punctation and

long transversely recumbent sete; the anterior margin

laterally oblique and with a short, very dense, white fringe.

Elytra somewhat flattened dorsally, with broad strie con-

taining large punctures, the intervals not broader than the

190° Dr. J. S. Thomson on the

striae and each bearing a row of stout recumbent overlapping

setee, the alternate intervals also with a row of erect scale-

like sete .

Long. 2}-23, lat. 2 mm.

AssaM: Goalpara (EL. P. Stebbing).

Found under the bark of a sal-tree (Shorea robusta).

Allied to Himatium pubescens, Woll., trom Malabar,

but that species differs ¢nter alia in the following points :—

The rostrum projects less abruptly from the head and is

slightly curved, the punctation being equally coarse through-

out; the head is extremely finely and sparsely punctate ;

the punctures on the prothorax are not reticulate, the inter-

spaces being much broader than in H. asperum, and the sides

of the prothorax are distinctly rounded ; in the unique type

the dorsum of the elytra is almost bare, but appears to have

been abraded.

XXI.— Observations on the Coloration of Echinus angulosus,

A. Agass. By J. Stuart TxHomson, Ph.D., F.LS.,

F.R.S.E., Lecturer in Vertebrate Zoology, Victoria

University of Manchester.

In 1904 F. Jeffrey Bell, in describing the Echinoderma

found off the coast of South Africa, writes on the coloration

of Echinus angulosus, A. Agass., as follows :— The spines of

this species appear to be pretty constantly either red or

purple ; the difference is so marked, and seems to be so

equally divided among the specimens that it appears to me

that it would be worth while to make observations on fresh

specimens to see if it is due to differences of sex. I do not

think this difference can be regarded as specific, notwith-

standing Dr. Mortensen’s statement that colour is an excel-

lent guide for distinguishing the species of Echini.”

This species, Hehinus angulosus, occurs abundantly at

various localities on the shore of and in shallow water off the

South African coast. During a period of work at Cape

Town I took the opportunity of noting the colours in a large

number of living specimens of /chinus angulosus, and the

first object of this short paper is to show that there are no

facts to support the supposition that the coloration of this

species may be regarded as a secondary sexual character.

_ A. Agassiz has described and figured Hehinus angulosus,

and he has also given a list of the synonyms and stated the

Coloration of Echinus angulosus, A. Ayass. 191

wide distribution of this species. Regarding the colour,

Agassiz states that the longer and more slender spines gene-

rally have violet tips, and that the shafts have all shades

between violet and the lightest yellow. Meissner has

recorded Hehinus angulosus from Cape Town, and writes

that the colour of the spines cf his specimens differed from

those described by Agassiz in that they were a uniform brown

throughout, while those of Agassiz’s forms had coloured tips.

Meissner, however, states that he was unable to state whether

this was acolour variation, as he had no available notes on

the coloration of living forms.

The specimens of Lchinus angulosus, the colour variation

of which I noted, were mainly collected from three littoral

localities in False Bay and Table Bay ; but I also examined

specimens taken by the trawl in deeper water, viz. at a depth

of 20 fathoms. Echinus angulosus occurs in great numbers

in the rock-pools at low tides, and the species is of some

slight economic value, as it is used as food by some of the

numerous nationalities represented in Cape Colony. The

species lends a bright colour to the pools in which it is

found and can be noticed at some distance.

At Sea Point, to the west of Cape Town, the following

varieties of colours among the specimens were noted :—

Purple, 43 specimens ; red, 7 specimens; green, 15 speci-

mens; grey, 38 specimens ; intermediate between purple and

grey, 2 specimens; intermediate between green and purple,

3 specimens.

‘he species was seen to be sexually mature in May, and

on examination the females were found to be purple, red,

green, grey, intermediate between grey and purple, and

intermediate between green and purple in colour, The males

were purple or grey in colour. ‘The females were more

abundant than the males, only 10 to 20 per cent. being of

the latter sex.

From the first locality at which examples were collected

and examined it is thus evident that the sex of the specimens

could not be identified by their colour.

On another occasion at Sea Point, the proportion of colours

was as follows:—Purple, 8; green, 6; grey, 4; red, 1;

intermediate between grey and purple, 1; intermediate

between grey and green, 1 ; intermediate between grey and

brown, 1.

In the rock-pools at St. James’s, in the vicinity of the

Marine Biological Station, of seventeen specimens examined

having a predominating red colour twelve were females and

five males. ‘The distribution of the colour of these specimens

192 ‘Dr. J. S. Thomson on the

was as follows :—The large spines were red for the greater

part of their length, but with a green base; the smaller spines

green, with reddish tips; the tube-feet reddish in colour ;

the test when deprived of spines and tube-feet grey. In

specimens possessing a predominant purple colour the large

spines were entirely purple, the smaller spines green with

purple tips.

On a second occasion at the same locality, of twenty-four

purple examples, the sexes were equally divided between

the specimens, and the ovaries were chrome-yellow in colour,

the testes lighter or darker. Of other specimens, the sex of

which was noted, a red and a pink vaviety were females, and

a pale mauve example was of the opposite sex.

Specimens from Kalk Bay, False Bay :—The specimens

showed the following varieties of colour: red, lilac, grey,

pink, pinkish green, greenish grey, intermediate between red

and purple. On July 15th a lilac and a bluish-red specimen

were mature, and the seminal fluid issuing from the genital

plates was clearly observed. In the bluish specimen the

testes were of «un orange colour. Of three grey specimens,

two were females and one male. ‘The ovary was pale orange

and the testis dark orange in colour. There is also a slight

difference of texture between the testes and ovary. Of four

lilac-coloured specimens three were males and one female.

One pinkish-green specimen was female and another greenish-

grey speciinen was of the same sex.

It is thus again evident that colour afforded no means for

the identification of the sex.

The opportunity was taken for noting the distribution of

colour on individual examples :—

Red specimen: large spines red above, green at base ;

small spines mainly green, with a slight tinge of red; tube-

feet a faint red, with alternate lighter and darker bands, and

becoming darker at the tips. Red specimen of a darker red,

affording some measure of transition to the purple forms ; the

large spines were mainly red on the upper part and green

towards their bases; the tube-feet were apparently lighter

than those of the last-mentioned specimen. In regard to the

colour of the tube-feet generally, it seems that there is no

great difference of colour, the apparent difference of colour

being mainly due to reflection from the spines.

Lilac specimen: the large spines were lilac for the greater

part of their length, becoming paler in colour near the base,

and with the basal swelling greenish in colour. The small

spines were lilac on their upper portions, greenish on their

Coloration of Echinus angulosus, A. Agass. 193

lower halves. The tube-feet were approximately the same

colour as those of the red specimens.

Grey specimen: the large spines were white or grey for

about two-thirds of their length and greenish in colour for

the lower one-third of their length. ‘The small spines were

for the greater part green, with a shorter white or grey

portion and a minute pink tip. The tube-feet were appa-

rently lighter than in the red or lilac specimens.

Pinkish-green specimen: the large spines were pink for

two-thirds of the way down, the basal third was green, the

basal swelling of the same colour. The small spines were

pink on the upper third and green on the lower two-thirds.

Pink specimen; the large spines were mainly pink, but

brownish at the tip and green at the base. The small spines

were green for the greater part of their length, but pink near

the tip.

Specimen intermediate between red and blue: the Jarge

spines were bluish in their upper portions, but quite red in

their lower portion, and with a green basal peduncle. The

small spines were blue in their upper portions, but green in

their lower parts. The tube-feet were very similar in colour

to those of the other specimens.

Greenish-grey specimen: the large spines were greenish

below, but grey in their upper parts; the small spines

greenish. Lilac specimen, the large spines were lilac on the

upper portion, pale lilac below, and green at the base. The

small spines were lilac in the upper and larger portion, green

in the lower portion.

In all specimens—blue, red, lilac, &c.—the spines seem to

be paler in colour round the mouth. The specimens fre-

quently had shells &c. attached to them.

From the foregoing notes on the coloration of this species

it is obvious that Hehinus angulosus cannot be regarded as a

sexually dimorphic form so far as its colour is concerned.

Extraneous coloration was illustrated in one specimen,

part of which was of a green colour. This was due to the

growth of a multicellular alga on one of the interambulacral

areas which was devoid of large spines from the madreporic

area to halfway down towards the mouth, The adjoining

ambulacral area, between the rows of tube-feet, was also

commencing to be infested by the attacks of the alga.

In the circumstances under which I worked in South

Africa I had no chemical or physiological appliances, and

thus am not in a position to make any very definite state-

ments regarding the nature of the pigments; but brief

194 Dr. J. S. Thomson on the

notes in regard to the solubility of the pigments may be

added. On adding fresh water to a mixture of the spines

and tube-feet of Lchinus angulosus, the following results

appeared almost immediately: — Green produced a_ pink

solution; grey, pink solution (very similar to that of the

perivisceral fluid) ; red, very slightly tinted pink solution ;

purple, slower appearance of a pink solution. The perivisceral

fluid is pink at first, but becomes darker on exposure. ‘The

following solutions were obtained after the spines and tube-

feet had been allowed to remain in the water for fourteen

days:—Green, yellowish-green solution; grey, similar to

that of green; red, slightly pink; purple, brownish to

purple; the solutions having a disagreeable odour.

liffect of reagents on the spines {apart from the tube-feet) :

solutions of the following colours were obtained :—

Ether: red spines, yellow solution; light pink, yellow ;

lilac, very faintly tinted solution.

Ammonium chloride: red spines, a pink solution at first,

which. becomes darker, and is after two days a reddish

brown.

Glycerine: red spines, a red solution quickly obtained ;

purple spines, a slightly tinted purple solution ; in the case

of the red spines the solutions became much intensified in

colour on longer solution, but this was only extremely

slightly the case with the purple.

Caustic potash: on red spines practically no result at first,

later a yellowish-red to red solution.

As a while, one may say that the colours of the spines

are very unstable and are slightly soluble in such reagents as

glycerine, ether, ammonium chloride, and perhaps caustic

potash.

In regard to the meaning of the coloration of the Echino-

derma there may be great diversity of opinion. The custom

of propounding ingenious explanations as to the meaning of

colour from the utilitarian standpoint is too prevalent. In

regard to the species Lchinus angidosus, one explanation of

the colour must be at once excluded— namely, sexual coloration.

Among marine animals we find a number of cases of specific

variation in colour which can be explained in part along the

lines of protective coloration; thus, P/anes minutus among

the Brachyura shows at least five variations of colour, all of

which are in harmony with the tints of the Sargasso weed.

I am unable to apply the principle of protective coloration to

the case of Hchinus angulosus. It is true that the red variety

is sometimes found at depths at which in ordinary circum-

stances it may, from the diving experiments of Fol at Nice,

Coloration of Kchinus angulosus, A. Agass. 195

appear black; but this does not hold true for the other

varieties of colour, the blue and green &c. The various

colours of Kehinus angulosus as seen in the rock-pools are

very conspicuous and show no similarity to their surroundings.

In a number of cases the tests of the species are sometimes

hidden by empty shells, stones, &c., and these, as held by

Simroth for Zowopneustes lividus, may be a source of protec-

tion against the force of the waves on an exposed beach, and

also assist in collecting organic particles.

The application of the theory of * warning’’ coloration to

the case of Hehinus angulosus is also well-nigh untenable.

There is so much variety of colour in a group of this species

that one could not say that any definite colour was a

‘“warning’’ colour. It is true that the species is a more or

less gregarious one, and that a preying fish might easily

locate the colony ; but the greys to some extent neutralize

the blues, &c., and the effect of a colony all members of

which were one definite colour would, from this point of

view, be more efficacious as a “ warning” mark. Ihave

already pointed out that the gonads of this species are used

as food by man, and I noted that the species occasionally

fall as prey to fishes with sufficiently powerful jaws, such as

the white stumpnose, the panga, and the daggerad. Agassiz

has also pointed out that the two more common species of

sea-urchins of New England are greatly eaten by the cod

and the haddock. M/‘Intosh bas shown that the green-pea

urchin is frequently eaten by the haddock. It is of interest

that the brightly coloured Strongylocentrotus lividus (in its

colour somewhat similar to the purple or blue forms of

Ef. angulosus) is eaten by cod and haddock, as pointed out by

Nordgaard. Semon has also shown that Echinoderma °

sometimes serve as food for mollusea, which dissolve the

calcium salts by the secretion of sulphuric acid. Saville

Kent has directed attention to the fact that HEchini are food

for Cestracion. Fourtau has shown that they may be eaten

by crabs ; Herdman, Johnstone, and Scott have alluded to

Kchinoids in the stomachs of flat-fish. Apart from these

facts, the Echinoids must have their great mortality period

during their larval stages; for example, it has been pointed

out by Gardiner that the ova and larve of Echinoderms are

food for corals, such as Huphyllia. The adult forms are

well protected from enemies by their long spines, their

poisonous pedicellariz, and their disagreeable smell.

It is also impossible to hold that the colours of EF. angu-

losus are cases of “aggressive”? resemblance. The food of

Echinoids, as pointed out by Allen, mainly consists of fine

196 Dr. J. S. Thomson on the

sand and silt, red and brown seaweeds, annelids, lamelli-

branchs (such as oysters, barnacles, polyzoa, ostracods,

small alg, and hydroids), and it is impossible to believe that

in any of those cases aggressive resemblance would be of

any advantage.

It occurred to me that it was possible that the blue and

grey specimens might be located in the higher reaches of the

shore and the red on the lower parts, but I found nothing to

support this supposition. One may, however, safely say

that on the shore the purple and grey specimens predominate

in number over the red; thus out of 341 specimens of

Eehinus angulosus, observed between high- and low-water

marks, 168 specimens were purple, 131 were grey, and 41

red. According to Nutting and others blue is a colour which

is very rarely present in deep-sea animals.

I have nothing in support of the surmise that the variable

colour of this species may be partly due to the changing

conditions of environment which are usually associated with

the sea-shore, for specimens from 20-30 fathoms also show a

similar variation in colour. At that depth, as on the sea-

shore, the purples (so far as my observations went) predomi-

nated in number over the red varieties.

It is much more probable that the variable colour of

Echinus angulosus is due to internal physiological processes

of the individuals themselves, and it is possible may have

some relation to the intensity of light, as held by Doflein for

the Decapod Crustacea. According to Doflein feeble light is

sufficient for the formation of red pigment, and under the

influence of light and still unknown internal processes red

may be transformed into yellow or blue pigment, the latter

being temporary, visible only when produced in large

quantities, but under other conditions is destroyed as soon as

formed—in species living in intense sunlight the formation

of blue pigment exceeds its destruction.

The colours of EH. angulosus probably have no adaptive

significance—in other words, so far as its colour-characters

are concerned, these have been evolved apart from the in-

fluence of natural selection.

In Echinoderma the probability is that the pigments of

the test and spines are derivatives of “ enterochlorophyll,”

the pigment which occurs in the perivisceral fluid and which

by some is held to be a respiratory pigment on account of

the changes in colour which it undergoes on exposure to the

air, and which we have seen in some cases resembles the

colour of the spines. Durham has shown that in Hchino-

derma pigment occurs in wandering cells which may leave

Coloration of Echinus angulosus, A. Agass. 197

the body at any point and give rise to temporary pigmenta-

tion. He regards the colouring-matters as either waste-

products or effete respiratory pigments which, when cast out

from the wandering cells or leucocytes, produce a coloration

of the skin. List holds that “protein crystalloids in the

nuclei of the wandering cells of Kchinoids probably become

pigment granules.”

It may be interesting to compare LEchinus angulosus with

an equally bright-coloured form of northern seas, namely

Strongylocentrotus lividus, the long spines of which vary “ in

colour from olive to violet purplish or even yellowish tint,

tipped with yellow and all intermediate shades.” Camerano

showed that there are no constant differences in colour which

would differentiate sex, and Bordas has pointed out that the

ovaries of this species are palatable. Now, according to

M‘Intosh, the colours of Strongylocentrotus are not protective,

and, indeed, it would be difficult for one to regard the colours

as either “‘ protective” or ‘“‘ warning,” as this form, according

to Agassiz and Caillard, sometimes conceals itself by digging

out cavities in the solid rock, even in such as granite.

MacMunn has shown by means of the spectroscope the

presence of a respiratory pigment (‘ echinochrome’’) in

Strongylocentrotus lividus, and this is probably also found in

the leucocytes, but it has not yet been clearly shown what

exact relation this pigment bears to the integumentary

coloration.

In the opinion of the writer it is not necessary, even to a

firm believer in the principle of ‘* Natural Selection,” that

one should find in every case an adaptive explanation of the

colour of a species. It is not essential to hold that every

characteristic, colour or otherwise, which an animal possesses

is adaptive.

The coloration of Echinus angulosus is not sexually

dimorphic, and it cannot be grouped under the headings

“protective” resemblance, “aggressive” coloration, “ warn-

ing” indication, except by excessive exercise of imagi-

nation and ingenuity, The meaning of the coloration of

EE. angulosus is to be sought for in the internal physiological

processes (probably respiratory or excretory) of the animals

themselves, The variable tegumentary colouring of EL. angu-

losus is probably due to by-products or waste-products

produced during the metabolic processes.

Iappend a list of the synonyms and distribution of Echinus

angulosus quoted from Agassiz :—

Cidaris miliaris angulosa!, Klein, 1734, Nat, Disp. Ech. pl. iii. figs. A, B,

198 On the Coloration of Kchinus angulosus.

Cidaris angulosa, Leske, 1778, K). Add. pl. iii. figs. A, B (copied in

Ene. Méth, pl. exxxiii. figs. 5, 6). :

Cidaris gualtert, 1742, Index Test. pl. eviii. fig, A (copied in Ene.

Méth. pl. exeviii.).

Cidaris, Seba, 1758, Thes. iii. pl. x. fig. 20.

Cidaris, Knorr, 1771, Délic. pl. D, figs. 4, 5.

Cidaris, Audouin, in Savigny, Egypte, pl. vii. fig. 2.

Echinus subangulosus !, Lamk. 1816, An. s. Vert. p. 48 (non Blainv.).

Echinus subangulosus, Desml, 1837, Syn. p. 270. Cape of Good Hope.

Psammechinus subangulosus!, Agass. 1846, C. R. Ann. Sc. Nat. vi.

. 368.

Pennies Duj. Hupé, 1862, Echin. p. 527.

Psammechinus verruculatus, Lutk. 1864, Bid. p. 166.

Echinus minimus |, Blainville, 1825, Dict. Se. Nat. O. p. 80. Cape of

Good Hope.

Echinus minimus, Desinl. 1837, Syn. p. 274.

Echinus minutus!, Blainy. 1834, Actin. p. 227,

Mortensen has, however, proposed to establish a new

genus, which he terms Parechinus, for Hehinus milaris,

EE. microtuberculatus, and [. angulosus, chiefly on account of

the globiferous pedicellariz.

Localities. Cape of Good Hope (Wahlenberg); Simon’s

Bay (W. Stimpson) ; Cape Town (Layard); Nikobar (Mus.

Vienna) ; Butu (Bonn Museum) ; Mauritius (Stockholm) ;

Mozambique (Bianconz) ; New Zealand (Hdwards) ; Adelaide,

east coast Australia (Brit. Mus.) ; Red Sea (Hemp. u. Ehreb.,

Mus. Berl.) ; Suez (J. d. P.) ; Philippine Islands (Semper).

This species is thus distributed in widely separated

localities, and I also had the opportunity of verifying its

occurrence at numerous places on the South-African coast,

being there the commonest species of Kchinoid.

References.

Agassiz, A.—“ Revision of the Echini.” Illustrated Catalogue of the

Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, no. vii.

Cambridge, U.S.A., 1872-74.

BatEson, W.— Materials for the Study of Variation.’ London, 1884.

Bepparp, F. .—‘ Animal Coloration. An Account of the principal

Facts and Theories relating to the Colours and Markings of

Animals. London, 1892.

Betty, F. J.—‘‘ The Echinoderma found off the Coast of South A frica.—

Part I. Echinoidea.”’ Marine Investigations in South Africa,

vol. ii, Cape Town, 1904.

CaMERANO, L.—“Osservazioni intorno al dimorfismo sessuali degli

Echinodermi.” Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp. Torino, v. no. 91.

DoF.eIn, F.—“ Lebensgewohnheiten und Anpassungen bei Decapoden

Krebsen.” Festschrift fiir Richard Hertwig, Bd. iii. Jena, 1910.

Duruam, H. E.—* On Wandering Cells in Echinoderms &c., more espe-

cially with regard to Excretory Functions.” Quart. Journ.

Micros. Se. vol. xxxili, (1891).

On Diptera Nematocera from Ceylon. 199

Hickson, S. J.—‘A Naturalist in North Celebes,’ Murray: London,

1889

List, TH.—“ Ueber die Entwickelung von Protein krystalloiden in den

Kernen der Wanderzellen bei Echiniden.” Anat. Anz. xiv.

pp. 185-191,

M‘Inrosu, W. C.—* The Coloration of Marine Animals.” Ann. & Mag.

Nat. Hist. ser. 7, vol. vii. 1901, pp. 221-240.

MacMounvy, C. A.—* Contributions to Animal Chromatology,—Echino-

derms.” Quart. Journ. Micros, Se. xxx. (1889). bid. Journ.

Mar. Biol. Assoc. n. s.,i. March 1899.

Meissner, M.— Ueber die von Herrn Marine-Stabsarzt Dr. Sander

heimgebrachten Seeigel.” Sitzber, Gesell. naturf. Berlin, Noy.

1892, pp. 183-185.

MortTEnsEN, TH.—“ Echinoidea.” The Danish ‘ Ingolf’ Expedition,

vol. iv. pt. i. Copenhagen, 1903.

Newsier1y, Marton I.—‘ Colour in Nature: a Study in Biology.’ 8yo,

xii+344 pp. London: Murray, 1898.

SrmrotH, H.—*“ Zur Kenntniss der Azorenfauna.—Echinodermata.”

Arch. f. Natur. Bd. i, Heft 3 (1888), pp. 231-254 (published April

1889). Berlin.

XXI.—WNew and little-known Diptera Nematocera from

Ceylon. By F. W. Epwarps.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

A SMALL collection of Diptera Nematocera recently made by

Mr. J. C. F. Fryer in Ceylon contains a number of interesting

forms which it seems desirable to place on record: several

appear to be new to science, while others, previously known

from other regions, have not till now been recorded from

Ceylon. The types of the new species have been generously

presented to the National Collection by Mr. Fryer. In

addition to the species referred to in more detail below, the

collection contains the following :—Setara rufithorax, Wulp ;

Leiomyia arcuata (Brun.); Allactoneura cincta, Meij. ;

Plecia fulvicollis, F.; Phlebotomus maculatus, Ann.; Psy-

choda albopicta, Brun. ; Ochlerotatus pallidostriatus (Theo.) ;

Wyeomyta greenit, Theo,; Pselliophora taprobanes (Walk.) ;

Tipula ochripes, Brun.; Pachyrhina pleurinotata, Brun.;

Pachyrhina? javensis, Dol.; Libnotes peciloptera, O.-S. ;

Teucholabis fenestrata, O.-S.; Teucholabis (Gymnastes) cyanea,

Edw. ; Conosia trrorata, Wied.; Lriocera crystalloptera,

O.-S.; H. tuberculifera, Edw.; E. ctenophoroides, Kdw.;

EL. albonotata, Lw.

200 Mr. F. W. Edwards on

Mycetophilide.

1, Macrocera fryeri, sp. n.

Length of body 3-4 mm., of antenna 12-16 mm.

6. Brownish yellow; wings not hairy, with dark

markings.

Head yellowish, more brownish on the vertex ; antennze

with the first three joints yellowish, the remainder dark

brown ; palpi brownish. Thoraz yellowish brown; a dark

brown vertical stripe on the pleure, extending on to the sides

of the mesonotum, situated between the first two pairs of

legs. Abdomen brownish yellow, the middle segments

indistinctly darker at the base. Legs yellowish brown, the

tarsi somewhat darker, Wangs bare ; apical third occupied

by a large dark brown patch, the anterior edge of which is

rather irregular and has a large angular projection on Ou, ;

another brown patch towards the costa near the middle of the

wing, filling the greater portion of the cell R,; a small one

near costa, more towards the base, including origin of Rs, and

a brown spot in the cell Cu, a little way from the base; Se

reaching costa opposite origin of Rs. Halteres yellowish,

knobs dark.

Peradeniya, 1x. 1911; 4 ¢. .

The strongly darkened apical third of the wing plainly

marks this species off from the seven described by Brunetti

from the Orient.

Macrocera fryeri, sp.n, Wing, X 13.

2. Letomyia maculicoza (Enderlein).

Leia maculicora, End. Trans. Linn. Soe., Zool. xiv. p. 69 (1910).

Rhymosia fascipes, Brun. Fauna Brit. Ind. p. 106 (1912),

Peradeniya, x. 1912; 1 ¢. ;

There is no doubt as to the above synonymy, since the

genitalia of the Ceylon and Seychelles specimens appea-

Diptera Nematocera from Ceylon. 201

identical and the coloration is practically the same, the only

difference being that the Seychelles specimens have a more or

less distinct dark fascia near the apex of the wing, which in

the Ceylon specimens is so faint as to be practically absent.

The lateral ocelli are absolutely contiguous with the eye-

margins and the subcosta is very faint in its apical portion,

not distinctly reaching the costa. These two peculiarities no

doubt led Brunetti to place the species in Rhymosia, but the

general appearance and (apart from the evanescent subcosta)

the venation are those of a typical Letomyia. Precisely the

same peculiarities are exhibited by Leta seychellensis, End.,

and by some undescribed African species which I have

examined. Brunetti’s Rhymosta annultcornis and R. hume-

ralis are doubtless also species of Leiomyia. Leiomyza,

Rond. (emended form of Lejomya, Rond.), is the name which

should be used for Glaphyroptera, Winn. Leia, Mg., is

wrongly applied to it. Since Winnertz was the first person

to divide Meigen’s Leta, by the rules of the Zoological

Congress his interpretation must be followed. Curtis desig-

nated a type of Leta which Winnertz did not accept, and

Rondani renamed the genus, thinking the original name was

preoceupied ; but these facts are altogether irrelevant.

Chironomide.

3. Ceratopogon (s. str.) jacobsont, Meij. Tijd. v. Ent.1. p. 212

(1907).

Peradeniya, i. 1912. ‘‘ Attracted by alcohol.” 7 ?.

In all but one of these specimens the postnotum is

blackish; in the remaining one, as (presumably) in the

Javanese specimens, it is yellowish. ‘The posterior branch of

the cubitus (Cug) is oblique outwardly, not inwardly as in

de Meijere’s figure. Nevertheless, I have little doubt that

C. jacobsoni is the species before me.

4. Ceratopogon (s. str.) hirtipes, Meij. Tijd. v. Ent. 1. p. 209

(1907).

Peradeniga gli xia 911, 4s 15, L912, L.9..., §175 xb

1911. Two larvee of Papilio clytia found in gardens ; each

was being attacked (sucked) by a small fly, apparently a

Ceratopogon?—J. C. F. Fryer.”

The dark ring on the hind femora reaches almost to the

tip, leaving only the extreme knee-tip bare. In this species,

as in the preceding, the eyes of the female are contiguous,

Both species have till now been recorded only from Java,

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xii. 14

202 Mr. F. W. Edwards on

5. Macropeza javanensis, Kieff. Mem. Ind. Mus. ii. p. 210

(1910).

Macropeza gibbosa, Meij. (nec Wied.) Tijd. v. Ent. 1. (1907).

Peradeniya, ii. 1912; 1 9.

This species is very much like the following ; it differs in

the dull brownish-black (not shining black) thorax, which is

only very slightly produced forwards and does not end in a

sharp point ; also in the yellow (instead of black) femora

and tibia. By the last-named character it also differs from

M. albitarsis, Mg.

6. Macropeza gibbosa, Wied. Analecta Ent. p. 10 (1824).

Calyptopogon albitarsis, Kieff. Mem. Ind. Mus. ii. p. 209 (1910).

Peradeniya, x. 1911-11. 1912; 4 9.

Wiedemann’s brief description of J. gibbosa notes all the

more salient features of Kieffer’s C. albitarsis, and the two

names may be safely considered to apply to the same species.

The genera Macropeza and Calyptopogon are so similar that

the propriety of their separation seems open to question.

Tipulide.

7. Tipula gracillima, Brun. Fauna Brit. Ind. p. 302 (1912).

Peradeniya, vi. 1912; 1 ¢.

Brunetti has apparently overlooked the fact that the white

rings on the femora are present on the two anterior pairs only.

8. Pselliophora? elongata, sp. u.

9. Length of body 34 mm., of wing 23 mm.

Brown; wings clouded; abdomen with whitish lateral

spots.

Head daxk reddish brown, palpi and antennze blackish

brown towards the apex. Antenne 13-jointed, a little shorter

than the thorax, sparsely hairy; second joint extremely

short, flagellar joints about equal in length, the first six each

with two prominent rounded lobes on the underside, becoming

less marked in the apical joints. Zhoraw dark brown; meso-

notum in front of the suture with four lighter reddish-brown

stripes, the two middle ones closely approximated and

reaching the front margin, the lateral ones only about half as

long ; behind the suture on each side are two reddish-brown

spots ; scutellum almost round, reddish brown ; postnotum

reddish brown in the middle, dark brown at the sides;

Diptera Nematocera from Ceylon. 203

pleurze with some small pale patches. Abdomen long and

tapering, dark brown, the first four or five segments with

ill-defined reddish-brown patches above, while the first seven

segments have almost triangular creamy-white lateral spots,

situated at the base of each segment, except those on the

second segment, which are placed near the middle. Ovi-

positor dark brown. Legs short and stout, dark brownish,

the whole tarsi not much longer than the tibiae. Wings very

broad (7°5 mm.), strongly infuscated, the veins narrowly

bordered with blackish; costal cell yellowish brown; light

patches as follows : (1) in the upper basal cell (R) just before

origin of Rs; (2) a larger patch in marginal and upper basal

cells (R, and R) a little beyond origin of. Rs; (3) a large

patch just beyond the stigma, extending from costa across

cells Ry, Rs, and Ry,5; (4) a large but ill-defined patch

towards the apices of cells M and Cu; (5) a patch near base

of cells Cuand An. Ha/teres yellowish.

Hakgala, 4500 feet, v. 1911; 1 9.

The generic position of this remarkable insect is somewhat

doubtful. In its more sober colouring and in its long

tapering abdomen it differs conspicuously from the known

species of Pselliophora, but, as from the structure of the

thorax and legs it evidently belongs to the Ctenophora group,

and as the restricted genus Ctenophora is not definitely

known to occur in the Orient, I have placed it provisionally

in Pselliophora.

9. Libnotes thwattesiana, Westw. Trans. Ent. Soc. p. 505

(1876).

Libnotes rufa, Meij. Tijd. v. Ent. liv. p, 39 (1911).

Peradeniya, x. and xi. 1911; 2 9.

Westwood described the head as being black, but this

doubtless referred to the eyes, which are in striking contrast

with the red-brown body. L. rufa was described from a

small specimen ; all the species of this genus seem to vary

greatly in size. Westwood’s type was from Ceylon.

10. Styringomyia ceylonica, Brun. (nec Edw.) Fauna Brit.

Ind. p. 461 (1912).

Peradeniya, xii. 1911; 1 g,1 9.

The male hypopygium figured by Brunetti is quite different

from that of S. ceylonica, Edw., and resembles that of

S. didyma, Grimshaw (Bruneiti’s figure represents a ventral,

not a dorsal view). I hope to issue a revision of the genus

14*

204 On Diptera Nematocera from Ceylon.

Styringomyta shortly, and so defer consideration of Brunetti’s

species until then.

11. Trentepohlia speiseri, sp. n.

Mongoma exornata, Speiser (nec Bergr.), Berl. ent. Zeit. lii, p. 135

(1907).

Length of body 5 mm.

3 ¢. Head, including antenne and palpi, dark brownish.

Thorax dark reddish brown. Abdomen blackish brown.

Legs light yellowish, the tips of the tarsi a little darker.

Front and middle femora with about eight short bristles near

the base beneath. Wings with a brown apex, much darker

towards the costa, but leaving a small clear space in the cell

R, (first submarginal) ; a large brown patch in the middle

of the wing, extending one-third of the way across and in

breadth reaching from the base of Rs to the apex of Sc;

cross-veins and veins R4y,; and Cu dark-margined. Cu,

joining M slightly ( ¢ ) or considerably (¢) before its fork ;

Cu, joining An near its tip. Halteres yellowish.

Peradeniya, 11.1912; 1 ¢ (type; wing figured). I have

also seen the species from the following African localities :—

Entebbe, Uganda (Capt. H. D. W. Greig, I.M.8.), 1 33

Stanleyville, Belgian Congo, 1. ix. 1904, 1 2 ; Bo, Sierra

Leone (Dr. H. E. Arbuckle, W.A.M.S.), 1 2 ; Gold Coast

(Willoughby P. Lowe), 2 ¢. The African specimens are

rather larger and have the tips of the femora slightly

darkened.

This species closely resembles 7’. evornata, Bergr., but the

presence of a well-marked brown patch in the middle of the

costa seems to indicate that it is really distinct.

Trentepohiva spersert, sp.n. Wing, x 18.

12. Epiphragma kempi, Brun. Rec. Ind. Mus, viii. p. 155

(1913).

Hakgala, 4500 feet, v. 1911; 1 @.

The wing-markings of this specimen do not quite agree

with Brunetti’s figure, but it is certainly only a variation

of his species, and may be conspecific with Z. signata, Meij.

On new Mammals from Dutch New Guinea. 205

XXIIT.—On new Mammals obtained by the Utakwa Expe-

dition to Dutch New Guinea. By OLDFIELD THOMAS.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

THE British Museum owes to the organisers of Dr. A. F. R.

Wollaston’s recent expedition, w@ the Utakwa River, to the

snow mountains of the Charles Louis Range, Dutch New

Guinea, the considerable series of mammals obtained during

the expedition. Mr. C. B. Kloss, already so well known as

a mammal collector in the Malay Peninsula and islands, was

in charge of the collecting werk and it was hoped that a

really large series of different forms would have been obtained.

But the difficulties in the way of collecting, especially the

entire unsuitability of the natives to give any help, prevented

any number of the interesting arboreal forms being obtained,

amongst which novelties are most to be looked for. On the

other hand, thanks to the industry of Mr. Kloss and his

Dyak trappers, a very good series of terrestrial species was

obtained, notably a particularly good set of the genus

Uromys, which is represented by no less than six species,

three of them being new. In all, the collection consists of

about 150 specimens, which form a very valuable and

acceptable addition to the British Museum’s material from

that still little-known island New Guinea.

Lipposideros wollastoni, sp. n.

Near H. muscinus, but with a doubled posterior nose-leaf

and more inflated muzzle to the skull.

General external characters approximately as in muscinus,

with the one important exception that the posterior nose-leaf

has behind it a peculiar duplication developed to an extent

unlike anything hitherto known in the genus. This dupli-

cation consists of a transverse crest growing out at the back

of and parallel with the main crest, the groove between the

main and supplementary crests being subdivided into three

cells by two longitudinal connecting-bands. In H. muscinus

there are merely some inconspicuous warts or convexities in

the position of the complicated and definite structure now

described. Its nearest analogue is found in the African

H. caffer, where there is a less developed supplementary

crest, but no trace of the longitudinal connecting-bands.,

Ears of the comparatively broad shape distinguishing #.

muscinus from the allied Australian species H. semoni and

stenotis.

206 Mr. O. Thomas on new

Skull markedly smaller than that of H. musctnus in all

dimensions, except that, owing to the proportionally smaller

size of the brain-case, the area occupied by the inflated

frontals is of equal extent. Frontal inflation much more

developed, high, convex, rounded, so as to form behind it a

deep concavity in the frontal profile. Supraorbital ridges

behind the inflation much less sharply developed. Teeth

smaller throughout. Small upper premolar well developed.

Dimensions of the type (measured on the spirit-speci-

men) :—

Forearm 44 mm. 1.

Head and body 45; tail 27; ear 15x13; third finger,

metacarpus 31, first phalanx 13°5 ; lower leg and hind foot

21s

Skull: length to front of canines 17:3; zygomatic breadth

9:5; mastoid breadth 8:1; front of canine to back of m°

6°7.

Hab. Utakwa River, S.W. New Guinea.

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 13.6.18.4. Collected

January 1912.

This species, so like H. muscinus in other respects, is at

once distinguished by the remarkable duplication of the

posterior nose-leaf.

The following new Hipposideros may also be conveniently

described here :—

Hipposideros stenotis, sp. n.

Allied to H. semoni, Matsch., but smaller, and with con-

spicuously smaller skull and teeth.

External characters very much as in 7. semont, the mesial

wart on the sella similarly elongate and the ears equally, or

perhaps even more, remarkably narrowed and_ pointed,

Posterior nose-leaf with its convexity behind not developed

into a supplementary leaf. Tail with its two terminal

vertebree absent or aborted in the type, but this may be

accidental or pathological.

Skull much smaller in all dimensions than in semonz, the

frontal prominences less developed. Teeth even more

reduced in proportion than the skull, the molars only about

half the bulk of those of semont. Small upper premolar

absent in the type, as it is in the type of semonz, but this is

eVidently an inconstant character, as the tooth is present in

the two Museum specimens of semoni.

Dimensions of the type (measured on the spirit-speci-

men) :—

Forearm 43°5 mm.

Mammals from Dutch New Guinea. 207

Head and body 45; ear 18x10; third finger, metacarpal

32, first phalanx 16; lower leg and foot 28°5.

Skull: length to front of canines 17; zygomatic breadth

9-1; mastoid breadth 7°8 ; front of canine to back of m?® 5:8.

Hab. Northern Territory of 8. Australia. Type from

Mary River.

Lype. Adult female. B.M. no. 97.4.12.7. Collected by

Dr. Knut Dahl. Received in exchange from the Christiania

Museum.

Stenomys klossiz, sp. n.

A mountain-rat allied to S. niobe.

Externally quite similar to S. néobe, the colour and length

of fur quite as in that species. Teet in some specimens with

whitish digits, in others wholly brown.

Skull longer than in nzobe, with more inflated brain-case

and longer narrower muzzle. Interorbital region broader

than in niobe, its edges with rudimentary ridges, not quite

smooth. Anteorbital plate very narrow, decidedly narrower

than in the smaller skull of nzobe, its front edge strongly

slanted. Palatal foramina rather longer, their hinder end

not so distant from the molars.

Dimensions of the type (measured in flesh) :-—

Head and body 123 mm.; tail 130; hind foot 27;

ear 18.

Skull: greatest length 34:3 ; condylo-incisive length 31 ;

zygomatic breadth 15°8; nasals 12°6 ; interorbital breadth 6;

breadth of brain-case 14°6; palatilar length 15; palatal

foramina 5°2; upper molar series 5:6.

Hab. Upper Utakwa River, southern slope of Charles

Louis Mountains, Dutch New Guinea. Type from

“ Camp 9,” alt. 5500’. Other specimens from “ Camp 11,”

8000’. Seven specimens.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 13.6.18.83. Original

number 91. Collected Ist February, 1913, by C. B. Kloss.

I have named this interesting mountain-rat in honour of

Mr. C. B. Kloss, who had charge of the mammal-collecting

during the Utakwa Expedition. The species was the only

mammal obtained at the higher collecting-stations.

Uromys.

Of the large rats of the Uromys macropus group the

Utakwa Expedition obtained examples of two species, from

low country and 2500! respectively.

208 Mr. O. Thomas on new

These appear to be both unnamed, and may be described as

follows :—

Uromys nero, sp. 0.

Size very large, though less than in the giant U. anak and

rothschildi. Fur harsh and thick, the under surface more

completely hairy than in the next species. General colour

above very dark, coarsely grizzled bistre, the median dorsal

area blackish, markedly darker than the sides. Sides of

cheeks and shoulders grey. Under surface pure white,

sharply defined laterally ; inner sides of limbs prominently

white. Hands and feet pale brown above. ‘Tail practically

quite naked, a few isolated hairs, less than a scale in length,

perceptible with the help of a lens; its terminal third to

one-half prominently yellow all round, while the base also

is more or less yellow below, the usual black being thus

restricted to the upper side of the basal portion.

Skull very large and powerfully built, larger and heavier

in proportion to the size of the animal and the length of the

feet than in any other species ; its shape normal, the forehead

not specially convex. Interorbital region smooth, faintly

concave, its edges sharp, but without distinct beading.

Posterior narial opening much broader than in the next

species.

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :-—

Head and body 279 mm.; tail 232; hind foot 56;

ear 30.

Skull: greatest length 68°3 ; condylo-incisive length 63:7 ;

zygomatic breadth 38679 ; nasals 25x85; interorbital

breadth 11; breadth of brain-case 25°5; palatilar length 36 ;

palatal foramina 8'2; width of mesopterygoid fossa 6:5 ;

upper molar series (crowns) 12°2.

Hab. Utakwa River, at middle altitudes, type from

“Camp 38.” 2500’.

Type. Old female with worn teeth. B.M. no. 13. 6.18. 13.

Original number 67. Collected 15th December, 1912, by

CG. B. Kloss. Two adult and three young specimens

examined.

This fine species differs from all hitherto-described forms

allied to it by its dark coloration, the result of the saturate

conditions in which it lives. While smaller in all respects

than the giant black-tailed species U. anak and rothschildt,

it is larger, so far as regards skull, than any of the other

yellow-tailed forms.

From its lowland neighbour U. scaphax it differs by its

Mammals from Dutch New Guinea. 209

larger size, more yellow tail, whiter underside, and normal-

shaped skull with unbowed forehead and broad posterior

nares.

Uromys scaphax, sp. n.

Related to U. aruensis, Gray, but coloration not rufous.

Size large, though less than in U. nero. Fur harsh,

under surface thinly haired. General colour above dark

grizzled greyish, with a slight fulvous tinge; dorsal area

slightly darker than rest, but not distinctly blackish as in

U. nero. Under surface and inner sides of limbs white,

but owing to the sparseness of the fur the skin shows through

to a great extent, the practically naked condition of the inner

sides of the limbs being especially noticeable. Hands and

feet pale brown. ‘T'ail more completely black than in most

species of this section, the yellow confined to the tip and in

one case reduced there to a mere spot half an inch long.

Skull. strikingly lke that of U. aruensis, of similar size

and with the same high, bowed, and convex forehead and

broad interorbital space. Opening of posterior nares markedly

narrower than in U, nero.

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :—

Head and body 277 mm.; tail 235; hind foot 52;

ear 26.

Skull: greatest length 62°5; condylo-incisive length 57°4 ;

zygomatic breadth 32:2; nasals 21°5x6:4; _ interorbital

breadth 11:8; breadth of brain-case 22; palatilar length

31:2; palatal foramina 6°6; width of mesopterygoid fossa 5 ;

upper molar series (crowns) 10°5.

Hab, Utakwa area at low levels. Type from Canoe Camp,

Lower Setakwa River, alt. 150’. Other specimens from

Launch Camp, 20’. Also received from the Mimika River ;

collected by G. C. Shortridge.

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 13.6.18.8. Original

number 206. Collected 25th October, 1912, by C. B. Kloss.

Four specimens.

This species is evidently nearly allied to the Aru Island

species, U. aruensis, the skulls of the two forms being

practically identical; but it has the more normal colouring

of the Papuan species (being intermediate in this respect

between U. nero and U. validus), instead of the rich rufous

of the island-rat.

With regard to Dr. Jentink’s “ Pogonomys multiplicatus,”

from the Sentani Lake, on the northern side of New Guinea,

210 Mr. O. Thomas on new

which may possibly be one or other of the species now

described, I regret that no exact determination of it seems to

be possible. It was based on a young specimen with the

third molar barely erupted, so that, even with topotypes, it

will probably always be difficult to be certain of its identifi-

cation, since several species may occur in near neighbourhood

to one another. All the species of this group have the

multiplicate character of the palate, which seems to have been

the chief reason for Dr. Jéntink’s venturing to describe so

young a specimen.

Of the smaller forms of Uromys the Expedition obtained

55 specimens, apparently referable to four different species,

as follows :—

1. Size rather small. Tail wholly black. elly-hairs white to their

bases: sth. Mtn ae Bae be Meee ben ee nee U. stalkert calidior, Thos.

At Launch and Canoe Camps, Setakwa River. Sea-level to 150 ft.

2. Size larger. Tail conspicuously bicolor. Belly-hairs mouse-grey

HL MESO. bse sey ap eee beam pte Cee U. lorentzi, Jent.

At same camps as No. 1.

Closely related to U. levipes, Thos.

3. Size smaller. Tail partially and indistinctly bicolor, with dull

yellowish markings on its under side. Belly hairs slaty basally.

U. platyops, Thos.

At Camp No. 3 above the Utakwa River. Alt. 2500’. -

4, Size fairly large. Tail as in No.3. Fur long, soft, and woolly.

Under surface dull buffy, with long slaty-grey bases. -

U. mollis, sp. n.

At Camps Nos. 6c and 9, Upper Utakwa River. Both at altitude

5500 ft.

In addition, there should apparently occur a species like

No. 1, but larger, which was described from the Noord River

as Pogonomys leucogaster by Jentink. This is evidently

closely allied to Peters’s U. brudjnii from Salawatti.

Uromys mollis, sp. n.

Size rather less than in U. lorentzi. General characters

very much as in No. 3 above, but the fur longer, softer, and

woollier, the colour all over duller and more “‘ saturate,” that

of the belly less sharply defined laterally, more suffused with

buffy, and with the slaty bases much longer. [eet dull

buffy.

Skull with a more rounded convex brain-case than in other

species. Interorhital region broad, little ridged.

Dimensions of the type (measured in flesh) :—

Head and body 161 mm.; tail 140; hind foot 34;

ear 21.

Mammals from Dutch New Guinea. 211

Skull: greatest length 39°5 ; condylo-incisive length 36:2 ;

zygomatic breadth 18:5; nasals 13°8 ; interorbital breadth

71; breadth of brain-case 15°7; palatilar length 18°5;

palatal foramina 59; upper molar series 8,

Hab. Southern slope of Mt. Carstenz, Charles Louis Mts.,

Dutch New Guinea, on Upper Utakwa River. Type from

“ Camp Padang, 6 ¢.” Altitude 5500'. Four specimens.

Type. Adult male, B.M. no. 13.6.18.35. Original

number 231. Collected 17th February, 1913, by C. B.

Kloss.

This is a soft-furred highland form, apparently most

related to No. 3 of the lower country, though the different

shape of the skull shows that it is not a mere local repre-

sentative of that species.

Phascogale murex aspera, subsp. n.

Nearly allied to the true Ph. murexr, Thos., but with

shorter skull and heavier teeth.

External appearance almost exactly as in murex, except

that the limbs are of the same brown colour as the body,

instead of being a little greyer, and the light ends to the

hairs of the underside are more or less buffy instead of being

white ; the light colour of the underside is also more diffused

and less sharply defined from the brown colour of the flanks.

Fur of exactly the same crisp character as in Ph. murex.

Skull comparatively low, with shorter broader muzzle

and broader interorbital region than in the typical form.

As indicating the shortness of the muzzle it may be noted

that the space occupied by the premolariform teeth (6°2 mm.)

is shorter than in murea (7°6 mm.), while that occupied by

the molariform teeth (10°3 mm. as against 9°0 mm.) is

longer. Molariform teeth much larger and heavier through-

out. LDremolars evenly increasing in size backwards.

Dimensions of the type (measured in flesh) :—

Head and body 169 mm.; tail 180; hind foot 33;

ear 21.

Skull: condylo-basal length 43; zygomatic breadth 22°7 ;

nasals 16X5°3; intertempoial breadth 8:7; mastoid breadth

16°6 ; palatal length 24-4; breadth between outer corners

of m* 14:2 ; combined length of three anterior molariform

teeth 8°9.

Hab. Utakwa River (“Camp No. 3”). Alt. 2500’.

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 13.6.18.90. Original

number 40, Collected 1st December, 1912, by C. B. Kloss.

This Phascogale is practically identical externally with the

212 Mr. O. Thomas on some

true Ph. murex of German New Guinea, but is distinguished

by its shorter muzzle and larger teeth.

The Expedition also obtained a second example of Phasco-

gale melanura modesta, Thos., previously only known from

the type.

XXIV.—Some new Species of Uromys.

By OLDFIELD THOMAS.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

BESIDES the two species of Uromys above described from

the Utakwa River, Dutch New Guinea, there appears to be

evidence of at least four species belonging to the group of

the large Papuan Uromys which have the terminal half of

the tail yellow.

The first of these is U. barbatus (Aldus barbatus, M.-Edw.),

from the Aroa basin, S.E. New Guinea, of which the typical

skull has been kindly lent me by Prof. Trouessart. In this

the skull is narrow, with but little-expanded zygomata, low

in the facial portion, with a strongly marked parietal con-

vexity, from which the profile runs forwards in a straight line

to the tip of the nasals. The palatal foramina are unusually

wide apart and divergent behind, instead of being narrow

and parallel. The pterygoid plates seem to be little developed

and to begin further backwards, but the skull is in a some-

what unsatisfactory condition, and it is impossible to be sure

of its natural characters. ‘The hind foot of the type is

59 mm. in length.

Secondly, there is U. validus, Peters and Doria, to which I

refer two specimens from Owgarra, Angabunga R. (Meek),

and one from Madeu (Stalker), British New Guinea. The

type was from Katau (d’ Albertis).

In this species the skull is of normal shape, the upper

profile evenly and slightly convex throughout, with but little

parietal convexity or frontal flattening. The supraorbital

edges are sharply square, with a slight concavity between

them. Zygomata well expanded. Palatal foramina narrow,

parallel. Mesopterygoid fossa rather narrow. Hind foot

52-56 mm.

A third described species is Ramsay’s ‘* Hapalotis papu-

anus,” but the type having disappeared, several of the skull-

and tooth-measurements being inconsistent with each other,

new Species of Uromys. 218

as though misprinted, and there being no certain locality, I

think it best to treat the species as indeterminable.

In addition the Museum contains examples of the two

following new forms :—

Uromys ductor, sp. n.

Like UJ. validus, but with larger skull. Colour more

fulvous.

General colour above approaching “cinnamon,” quite

uniform in the two available skins. Hands whitish. Feet

pale brown.

Skull in all essential characters as in U. validus, but size

larger. Supraorbital ridges rather more strongly developed.

Mesopterygoid fossa broader.

Dimensions of the type (measured on skin) :—

Head and body 325 mm. ; tail 280; hind foot 55 ; ear 26.

Skull: greatest length 65; condylo-incisive length 61°5 ;

zygomatic breadth 32 ; nasals 24:2 x 7-4; interorbital breadth

9:4; breadth of brain-case 21°5; palatilar length 32°6;

palatal foramina 7:3; breadth of mesopterygoid fossa 5:2;

upper molar series 11°2.

Hab. Avera, Aroa River, British New Guinea. Another

specimen from Dinawa, Owen Stanley Range (A. EF. Pratt).

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 3. 12.1.4. Collected by

A.S. Meek. Three adult specimens examined.

This species is no doubt closely allied to what I consider

as U. validus, but is distinguished by its larger skull and

more fulvous colour.

Uromys prolizus, sp. n.

Like U. validus and ductor, but with long feet and long

narrow skull,

Size greater than in U. ductor, the hind foot 64 mm. in

length. General colour about as in U. validus, apparently

not so fulvous as in ductor, but as the specimen is in spirit

not much dependence can be placed on the exact shade of

colour. Hands white; feet white, with a wash of greyish

brown on the metatarsals. Tail with terminal half yellow.

Skull long and slender, much longer than in ductor, but

the zygomata not more widely expanded. Upper profile

slightly convex in the parietal region, then concave between

the orbits, strongly convex above the base of the zygomata,

the nasals sloping downwards from the frontal convexity.

The frontal region is also convex in the other direction,

high mesially, sloping laterally. Supraorbital edges with

214 Mr. O. Thomas on some

well-marked ridges and slight postorbital projections. ~ Palatal

foramina narrow, parallel. Mesopterygoid fossa fairly wide.

Dimensions of the type (measured on the spirit-specimen) :—

Head and hody 265 mm. ; tail 272; hind foot 61; ear 25.

Skull: greatest length 66°6 ; condylo-incisive length 62 ;

zygomatic breadth 32°2; nasals 24°2x 8:2; interorbital

breadth 10; mastoid breadth 21; palatilar length 33°5 ;

palatal foramina 7°3 x 3°3; width of mesopterygoid fossa 5;

upper molar series 12°2.

Hab. Haveri, 9° 25’ 8., 147° 35' E. British New Guinea.

Alt. 700 m.

Type. Adult male in spirit. B.M. no. 97. 8. 7.67. Col-

lected by Dr. L. Loria, and presented by the Museo Civico,

Genoa.

This species is distinguished by its long foot and long

slender skull, with convex frontal region and long molar

series.

to)

Of the smaller forms of Uromys there seem to be a con-

siderable number of species, all closely allied and distin-

guishable merely by size and slight differences in colour.

The following appear to be undescribed :—

Uromys arcium, sp. n.

Size comparatively large, the skull larger than in any of

the other small species. General colour above dull rufous

brown (specimen skinned from spirit) ; below whiter through-

ouf, not very sharply defined laterally, the hairs white to

their roots. Hands and feet whitish, the metapodials

browner. ‘Tail unusually short, shorter than the head and

body, practically naked, the few scattered hairs less than a

scale in length ; with about fourteen rings of scales to the

centimetre * ; blackish above, inconspicuously lighter below.

Skull strongly built, heavier than in the few species of the

U. levipes-moncktont group which equal it in length. Inter-

orbital edges with fairly well-marked beads, which are less

divergent posteriorly than in U. levipes and its allies.

Dimensions of the type (measured on the spirit-specimen) :—

Head and body 138 mm.; tail 127; hind foot 28; ear 18,

Skull: greatest length 40; condylo-incisive length 38°1 ;

zygomatic breadth 21; nasals 13°6 ; interorbital breadth 6°8 ;

mastoid breadth 14°7; palatilar length 18:1; palatal fora-

mina 6°25 upper molar series 71.

* Candal scale-rings are always counted about the middle of the tail ;

they become more numerous towards the tip.

new Species of Uromys. 21:

Fab. Rossel I., d’Entrecasteaux Group.

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 89.6.3.2. Collected

18th October, 1888, and presented by Basil Thomson, Esq.

Distinguished by its size, white belly, and comparatively

short tail.

Uromys melicus, sp. n.

A medium-sized species with brownish under surface.

Size, as gauged by skull, markedly less than in U. cervi-

nipes. General colour above varying from broccoli-brown to

cinnamon; under surface soiled greyish for its greater

extent, the hairs slaty basally and more or less buffy ter-

minally. But the chin, throat, and axillary region are

nearly always white, and there is also a white patch across

the groin, so that in a series of specimens laid side by side

there is a transverse band of white anteriorly, then a broad

belt of soiled buffy greyish, succeeded by a second white

band posteriorly, Hands and feet dull whitish. Tail wholly

dark, with about eleven rings to the centimetre, the fine

sparse hairs about ascale in length and rather more numerous

than usual.

Skull smaller in all dimensions than in U. cervinipes ;

the supraorbital edges sharp and slightly beaded, more

divergent posteriorly than in U, cervinipes.

Dimensions of the type (measured in flesh) :—

Head and body 122 mm.; tail 149; hind foot 29;

ear 19.

Skull: greatest length 32-7; condylo-incisive length 30°5 ;

zygomatic breadth 17°3; nasals 11:1; interorbital breadth

4-9; mastoid breadth 13°5; palatilar length 14:2; palatal

foramina 5:3 ; upper molar series 5°8.

Hab. Melville Island, Northern Territory of Australia.

Type from Biro, Apsley Straits. Sea-level.

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 13.6. 28.32. Original

number 23. Collected 22nd January, 1912, by Mr. J. P.

Rogers. Thirteen specimens examimed.

“Trapped in the mangroves.” ‘*Trapped round tent.”

“ Very common.”—J. P. R.

Distinguished by its soiled buffy-greyish belly and whitish

pectoral and inguinal patches.

A very similar Uromys occurs in some of the islets off the

Cape York coast, but our material is not sufficient to say if

it is or is not specifically identical with the Melville Island

species.

U, cervinipes, Gould, of S. Queensland, and the doubtfully

216 On some new Species of Uromys.

distinct U. banfieldi, de Vis, of Dunk Island, N. Queensland,

have the skull markedly longer than in U. melicus.

Uromys lutillus, sp. n.

A small species with buffy-greyish under surface.

Size much smaller than in any of the described species.

General colour above dark clay-colour or dull fulvous.

Under surface similar but paler, the hairs slaty at base, buffy

terminally ; throat, axillary region, and centre of belly with

some ill-defined whitish patches, a large white patch covering

the inguinal region. Hands and feet whitish. Tail uni-

formly brown; hairs very few; scale-rings about fifteen to

the centimetre.

Skull with square unbeaded supraorbital edges. Palatal

foramina unusually long, reaching back to the level of the

front of m’.

Dimensions of the type (measured in skin) :—

Head and body (c.) 112 mm.; tail 115; hind foot 24.

Skull: greatest length (c.) 29; condylo-incisive length (c.)

27; tip of nasals to lambda 25°7; zygomatic breadth 15:2;

nasals 10°3 ; interorbital breadth 4°3 ; palatilar length 12°7 ;

palatal foramina 5:1 ; upper molar series 5°3.

Hab. Owgarra, Angabunga R., S.H. British New Guinea.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 5.11. 28.20. Original

number 20. Collected 3rd November, 1904, by A. 8. Meek.

Two specimens.

This Uromys is distinguished from all previously described

species by its small size, and from the two next following by

its long palatal foramina, comparatively large teeth, and

buffy-grey underside.

Uromys murinus, sp. n.

A small insular species with white belly.

Size quite small, about as in U. lutillus. General colour

above strong fulvous, but both the specimens have been

skinned out of alcohol and are probably discoloured. Under

surface white, the white narrowed on the belly. Hands and

feet white. ‘Tail of normal proportions, brown above, slightly

paler below, its hairs few and short; scale-rings fourteen to

the centimetre.

Skull with the supraorbital edges sharply square, not

ridged. Palatal foramina of medium length, not quite

reaching to the level of the front angle of m!. Molars as

long as, but rather narrower than, in JU, lutillus, decidedly

larger than in the next species.

On the Skull, Brain, &c. of Diademodon. 217

Dimensions of the type (measured on the spirit-speci-

men) :—

Head and body 97 mm.; tail 109; hind foot 24 ; ear 16.

Skull: greatest length 30; condylo-incisive length 27;

zygomatic breadth 15; nasals 10; interorbital breadth 4°7 ;

palatilar length 12°7 ; palatal foramina 4°9; upper molar

series 5°2.

Hab. Murray Islands, Torres Straits. Type from Mer.

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 99.9.10.3. Collected

and presented by Prof. A. C. Haddon. Another specimen

collected by the Rev. S. MacFarlane.

Uromys muscalis, sp. n.

A small species with white belly and very small teeth.

External characters as in U. murinus, though the colour is

rather less strongly fulvous. The specimens of both have

‘been skinned out of alcohol, but it is not possible to say if

they have been equally affected by it. Under surface and

inner side of limbs wholly white. ‘Tail brown above, lighter

below ; scale-rings about fifteen to the centimetre.

Skull smaller and more delicately built than in murinus ;

supraorbital edges sharply detined in the type, which is aged.

Palatal foramina quite short, ending nearly half their length

in front of the molars. Teeth very small, conspicuously

smaller than in any other species,

Dimensions of the type (measured on the spirit-speci-

men) :—

Head and body 95 mm.; tail 105; hind foot 22; ear 14.

Skull: greatest length 29 ; condylo-i incisive length 26°6 ;

zygomatic breadth 14°5; nasals 10°2 ; siferorbital breadth

4:1; mastoid breadth 11; palatilar length 12-4; palatal

foramina 4 ; ; upper molar series 4°7.

Hab, Lower Fly River, British New Guinea.

Type. Old male. B. M. no. 86.5.16.4. Collected by the

Rev. S. MacFarlane, Three specimens.

Distinguishable by its small size and extremely small

teeth.

XX V.—Further Notes on the Skull, Brain, and Organs of

Special Sense of Diademodon. By D. M. 8S. Warson,

M.Sc., Lecturer in Vertebrate Paleontology in University

College, London.

Wuusr collecting on the farm Winnaarsbaaken, District

Albert, Cape Colony, which I visited with the aid of a grant

from the Percy Sladen Trustees, L obtained the back of a

Ann, & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xii. L5

218 Mr. D. M.S. Watson on the -

small Diademodon skull which fits accurately and is a part

of Seeley’s type-specimen of Diademodon entomophonus,

collected some twenty-five years before. It is interesting to

note that this long exposure cannot at the most have removed

more than half a millimetre from the exposed broken face.

The matrix isa light green and red mottled cornstone, which,

though hard, leaves the bone cleanly. I have been able to

completely clean the whole brain-cavity behind the exit of

the fifth nerve, and also the inner ears of both sides, that on

the right more completely.

Broken surfaces, some of which have been polished, enable

one to get a clear idea of the relation of the membrane-bones

of the back of the skull to the otic capsule.

The following description should be read in connection

with my former description of the Diademodon skull.

In front of the small round foramen magnum the brain-

cavity expands considerably, forming a large cavity much

higher than wide, The floor is slightly concave, and in front

is sharply depressed to form the pituitary fossa, whose floor

is extremely narrow. The pituitary fossa is flanked on either

side by the processi inferiores anteriores of the prootics.

Lying on the extreme back of the skull just above the

condyle is the small notch, which is probably for a blood-

vessel.

In advance of this at the sides of the base of the brain-

case, where the lateral walls turn sharply upwards, are two

small foramina lying one in front of the other. These open

into the deep pit which was described as the foramen jugu-

lare, the posterior at the extreme back of the pit and the

other on the inner wall just in front of it. These foramina

are undoubtedly for the twelfth nerve.

Above the posterior hypoglossal foramen is a_ small

foramen opening upwards in the lateral wall of the skull.

1 have not been able to trace the course of this opening, but

think it probably merely venous ; it is certainly not a nerve-

exit.

In front of these foramina is a large hole of irregular

shape in the wall and base of the brain-case. The posterior

part of this is the foramen for the IX., X.,and XI. nerves ;

the rest is the opening into the vestibule.

Immediately in front of the opening lies a very small

canal—the aqueductus fallopii—which passes straight down-

wards through the prootic. Above the internal auditory

meatus is a large deep fossa subarcuata: this passes back-

wards and“outwards, and has a smoothly rounded end ; it is

separated from the ear by a thin horizontal flange of bone,

Skull, Brain, &e. of Diademodon. 219

notched at the back so as to allow of a connection between

the two organs.

Above the processus anterior inferior prootici is a notch

for the V. nerve, above and in front of which the prootic is

IAW

X// ‘

Mest yy

Posterior part of the brain-cavity of Diademodon, slightly diagrammatized

from the type-skull of D. entomophonus. X 13.

Duc. Endo, = opening of the canal for the ductus endolymphaticus into

the brain-cavity. Foss.sub.arc.=fossa subarcuata, Vest.= vestibular

cavity. v' aud »", foramina for veins, V, VII, IX, X, XI, XII,

foramina for exit of the corresponding cranial nerves.

carried forward as a long process covered externally by the

alisphenoid. In the suture between this part of the prootic

and the parietal is a venous foramen opening outward into

the sinus-canal,

Bones of the Brain-case.

The basioccipital and basisphenoid are not separated by

suture ; they are in the cerebellar region very shallow bones,

deepening in front until, at the pituitary fossa, the basi-

sphenoid is transformed into a deep narrow plate, which

carries the laterally directed basipterygoid processes,

This specimen shows quite clearly that no sorgmaey opens

220 Mr. D. M. S. Watson on the

into the brain-cavity through either of these bones, but from

the outer side of the depressions on the lower surface of the

basisphenoid, which have already been described, a smal! canal

runs quite laterally and opens on the side of the basisphenoid

very near its lower border and below the foramen fallopii.

This presumably transmits a blood-vessel.

The exoccipital opisthotic and basioccipital are not sepa-

rated by clear sutures.

The suture between the basioccipital and the other bones

must run either through or just within the two hypoglossal

foramina.

The other two bones with the fused supraoccipital form a

plate, pierced in the middle by the foramen magnum and

notched laterally by the post-temporal fossze.

A difference in texture of the bone in the specimen of

Diademodon browni already described renders it probable that

the exoccipital is a small bone, forming a good deal of the

foramen magnum and extending outwards along the lower

and hinder border of the paroccipital process. If this is the

case, the outer end of that process is formed by the opisthotic

with a splint of pro-otic along its anterior face.

The upper part of the occipital plate is formed by the

supraoccipital and the epiotics, which are no doubt fused

with it.

The pro-otic is clearly separated by suture from the basi-

sphenoid ; it forms the whole of the anterior border of the

internal auditory meatus and about half the fossa sub-

arcuata. Its upper border has a suture with the parietal, and

its posterior surface is in contact with the opisthotic and

“ supraoccipital.” It forms the anterior part of the vesti-

bule and of the fenestra ovale. It is pierced by the small

duct for the VII. nerve.

The relations of the membrane-bones sheathing these

cartilage-bones are as follows :—

The interparietal is a thin film of bone covering the back

of the occipital plate at the top and projecting above it to

articulate with the parietals.

The tabulare is a bone which was regarded in my former

account as part of the parietal. It sheaths both anterior

and posterior surfaces of the occipital plate, having a sutural

connection with the interparietal and extending down outside

the post-temporal fossa to touch the end of the opisthotic.

The parietals are fused in the middle line; they articulate

behind with the interparietal, and their lateral edges have

a suture with the pro-otics and, to a less degree, with

the supraoccipital. They send a process outward along the

Skull, Brain, &e. of Diademodon. 221

front of the tabulare, which is itself overlapped by the

squamosal,

The squamosal has a large articulation with the end of the

opisthotic ; it sends a process inward over the post-temporal

fossa to cover the front face of the tabulare and part of the

parietal. It has also a connection with the pro-otic by the

special process, already described, which covers the venous

canal between the pterygo-paroccipital and post-temporal

fossee.

In my former description I held the thin plates of bone

which cover the anterior parts of the brain and extend back-

wards to the quadrate in front of the tympanic cavity to be

parts of the pterygoid. The present specimen shows con-

clusively that that view was wrong, and that Dr. Broom was

right in considering the whole to be a separate bone—the

epipterygoid.

The suture separating the epipterygoid from the pterygoid

runs obliquely from the notch in front of the columella

cranii to the lower surface of the boues below the foramen

for the V. nerve and to the outside of the opening for the

internal carotid artery. This condition explains the fact

that the relation of the pterygoid flange of the yuadrate and

the quadrate flange of the epipterygoid is the reverse of that

which always occurs between the pterygoid flange of the

quadrate and the posterior ramus of the pterygoid.

The process by which the reduction of this posterior ramus

of the pterygoid and development of the epipterygoid takes

place is clearly illustrated by many ‘‘ Therocephalian ” skulls,

where the epipterygoid has an articulation with the basi-

sphenoid and sends a long process back along the upper

border of the posterior ramus of the pterygoid.

The epipterygoids extend forward to the middle of the

orbits, their lower borders being closely approximated during

much of the anterior part.

In transverse section just behind the postorbital bar the

upper edge of the epipterygoid is clasped between the frontal,

which sends a flange down its inner side, and the postorbital,

which covers a good deal of its outer surface.

It seems to be certain that the whole of this long anterior

extension is really epipterygoid and that there is no orbito-

sphenoid.

The structure of the bony labyrinth is very well shown on

the right side of the type-skull of D. entomophonus; the

actual semicircular canals, however, have not been cleared,

but are very clearly seen as casts in the type-specimen of

Nythosaurus larvatus, which agrees closely in structure,

223 Mr. D. M. 8. Watson on the

The vestibule lies very low down in the skull, being largely

below the bottom of the brain. It is considerably longer

than high and wide, its small posterior end bemg produced

backwards and outwards, separated by a thin ridge from the

deep groove which transmitted the 1X., X., and XI. nerves.

The anterior end is continued as a rather large cavity, the

lateral wall of which bears a diverticulum for the ampulla of

the horizontal semicircular canal; still further forward is the

space for the ampulla of the anterior vertical semicircular

canal.

The vestibule is continued up by a special narrow part,

which passes into the joint portion of the anterior and poste-

rior semicircular canals. Nythosaurus shows all three

canals very well. The anterior canal loops over the fossa

subarcuata in the normal way, and the chief point of interest

seems to be that the ampulle are very small.

The ductus endolymphaticus has a small foramen to the

cranial cavity, which lies just above and behind the fossa

subarcuata.

The fenestra ovale lies in the outer and lower wall of the

vestibule, and the posterior end of the vestibular space opens

by avery large foramen (confluent with the foramen jugu-

laris, from which it is marked off by a distinct process) into

the deep pit into which all the posterior cranial nerves open.

This large opening is the fenestra rotundata ; immediately

to the frout of it the vestibular space is continued down-

wards, forwards, and inwards into a long cavum cochlearum.

The cochlea was obviously quite long and bent perhaps

through a quadrant.

The ear that has been just described resembles that of a

mammal, and differs from those of all other types in the

following features :—

1. Its inferior position, the vestibule lying very largely

below the brain, a character common to all Therapsids

in which the condition is known.

2. The small fenestra ovale.

3. The long, anteriorly internally directed, and bent

cochlea.

It is surprisingly primitive in the retension of a large

opening to the brain-cavity, closed, of course, in life by a

membrane.

The semicircular canals also are of a very simple type,

without any of the specialization so often found in lizards,

birds, and mammals.

Skull, Brain, &c. of Diademodon. 223

Taken as a whole, the labyrinth is extraordinarily similar

to that of Ornithorhynchus in all features.

Nasal Cavity.

The nasal cavity is best examined in two natural casts in

ironstone, R. 1718, the type-specimen of Nythosaurus, and

R. 3767, Diademodon sp.

Tronstone casts of nasal cavity and parts of brain-case of Diademodon

(left) and Nythosaurus (right). x 1.

To show the ridges and furrows associated with the attachment of ethmo-

turbinals and the olfactory lobes in Diademodon and the whole

brain in Nythosaurus.

C.L.=cerebrum ; Cereb.=cerebellum ; O.Z.=olfactory lobes,

In both types the nasal cavity is very large. It is dis-

tinctly separated from the brain-cavity behind it by a ridge

on the under surface of the frontal, and extends from here

forwards between the orbits to the nose. The under surface

of the frontals, nasals, and prefrontals bears a series of

ridges and grooves running longitudinally; these cross

sutures without disturbance, and are quite similar in the two

genera.

There is a strong ridge down the middle line, on each side

224 Mr. D. M.S. Watson on the

of which is a deep groove, bounded laterally by a distinct

ridge. Immediately external to this on the frontal is a

smaller groove and ridge, outside which is a pocket in the

prefroutal, along the bottom of which is a ridge. On the

side of the nasal cavity outside this pocket are three other

ridges, making six in all. .

This series of ridges and grooves is identical in all features

with those on the lower surface of mammalian frontals and

nasals which are associated with the attachment of ethmo-

turbinals. They seem to me to afford conclusive evidence

that Nythosaurus and Diademoden possessed a series of

unossified ethmo-turbinals on thesame plan as such a mammal

as Dasyurus.

I have not yet found similar evidence of the presence of a

maxillo-turbinal, perhaps only on account of imadequate

material.

Another feature extremely clearly shown by these two

ironstone casts is the course of the naso-lachrymal duct.

This opens into the. orbit by two foramina in the

lachrymal bone, leading into canais, which soon unite and

then travel forward still in the lachrymal bone until they

open into the nasal cavity on the inner side of the maxilla.

These relations are so very similar to those existing in

Perameles between the duct and the lachrymal bone as to

leave no doubt that the bone in Cynodonts is homologous

with that of the mammal. It is, however, the lower of the

two bones usually called lachrymal and prefrontal, and as

the Cynodonts are certainly more nearly allied to the

mammals than the lizards, it leaves no doubt that Gaupp

was not justified in homologizing the reptilian prefrontal

with the mammalian lachrymal. Meek, from the conditions

in the Crocodile, has already controverted this view, Gaupp

having no doubt been misled by the great reduction of the

true lachrymal in the types studied by him.

The occurrence of a large deep fossa subarcuata is of great

importance, because it shows that the brain in its region

and at least to its level filled the brain-cavity, as does that of

a mammal. If the brain had not filled the cavity there

would be no necessity for providing a special diverticulum

for the flocculus.

We are thus justified in regarding the lower part of the

cerebellar region of the cast of the cranial cavity as a rela-

tively perfect copy of the brain,

The under surface of the medulla is slightly convex in all

directions, and is terminated in front by the pituitary, which

Skull, Brain, &e. of Diademodon. 225

is not shown accurately, because the sides of its fossa are

widely open for the internal carotids. From the extreme

lower edge of this region the two branches of the XII. nerve

leave the skull. Above the more anterior of these is the

process representing the X. nerve, which leaves relatively high

up on the side of the brain and is continuous with the cast of

the vestibule.

IX,X,XI

Cast of the posterior part of the brain-cavity of Diudemodon entomophonus.

Upper figure, from below ; lower figure, right side. x 1.

Floc.=floceulus ; Z.Z., impression of lateral lobe of cerebellum ;

Pit,=pituitary, Other references as before.

In front of this region the brain suddenly expands, the

lateral parts being formed by the flocculi, which are very

large and directed outward and backward. Study of the

cast shows that the cerebellum is very much larger than in

any known reptile both laterally and vertically, the lateral

lobes being distinctly marked.

Some distance in front of the flocculus is the exit of the

V. nerve, placed low down in the skull lateral to the

pituitary. The top of the cast in this region certainly does

not reproduce the brain,

226 Mr. D. M. S. Watson on the

The brain-case in the region of the optic lobes and

cerebrum has not been cleared, but as its lower surface is

widely open and the walls the thin plates of the epipterygoid,

a cast would not: be likely to yield any information of value.

The maximum possible breadth of the cerebrum is known,

and is very much less than the width across the cerebellum.

Fig. 4.

Skull of Diademodon entomophonus, restored. Dorsal aspect. X 3.

Stippled area=cavity for the brain; lined area=vestibule and its

processes; semicircular canals black.

The ironstone cast R. 3767 shows the front of the brain

quite well ; the thin plates of epipterygoids which enclose it

very nearly meet in the ventral line, and the upper surface

Skull, Brain, &c. of Diademodon. 227

of the cast is very distinctly divided into two smooth

rounded masses, which probably reproduce the olfactory

lobes with some accuracy; if this is so, they are relatively

very large, in correlation no doubt with the large nasal

cavity with an elaborate series of turbinals.

Taken as a whole, the marked features of the brain are :—

1. The ventral position of the exits of the nerves.

2. The very great development of the cerebellum and the

presence of a large flocculus.

. The great length and narrowness of the cerebrum.

The large olfactory lobes.

The fact that the cerebellum fills its cavity.

ore oo

Fig. 5.

Diademodon entomophonus. Brain-case in sagittal section, with the ear

and front edge of the epipterygoid projected on toit. x 2.

The stippled area represents the probable area occupied by the brain ;

where it rests on an unbroken line the brain-cavity is floored.

Fen.ov.=fenestra ovale; Fen.r.=fenestra rotunda

The type-specimen of Nythosaurus larvatus gives a good

cast of the brain, which differs from that described above in

Diademodon ouly in being relatively large (no doubt on

account of its smaller size) and in having larger olfactory

lobes.

It is an interesting fact that in Dicynodon there is in one

specimen a very shallow depression in a position corre-

sponding to the fossa subareuata in Diademodon. This

suggests that the tendency to a great development of the

cerebellum was common amongst Therapsids.

228 On the Skull, Brain, &c. of Diademodon.

The very remarkable size of the cerebellum in Diademodon

is, perhaps, to be correlated with the advanced type of limb

found in that group, where the characters of the humerus

and genoid cavity suggest that the fore limb was carried

somewhat like that of a higher mammal, with the feet not

very distant from the middle line, whilst in Dicynodon and

other early types and also in the living Monotremes they are

very widely separated, and the animal’s gait was certainly

very slow and uncertain.

In any case the Diademodon brain suggests very strongly

that in mammalian ancestors the first part of the brain to be

specialized was the cerebellum, which is associated with the

coordination of muscular movements, and that the cerebrum,

whose function is different, was of much later development.

This view is in strict accordance with the fact that all

early and primitive mammals have very large cerebella in

proportion to the rest of the brain, and that in later types

the cerebrum increases much more rapidly than the other

regions.

Many of the differences between a mammal and a reptile—

the soft skin, the increased body-temperature, the hair and

all it implies, the more perfect joints in the limbs—are

directly connected with increased activity and precision of

movement, and these in turn are dependent on cerebellar

improvement.

The importance of the Diademodon brain, ear, and nose

lies in the evidence which they afford that this change was

actually taking place in the Therapsids, and that it is to all

appearances a very gradual one and may to a large extent have

preceded the development of a mammalian structure.

I wish to express my thanks to the Percy Sladen Trustees

and to Mr. J. Strydom, of Winnaarsbaaken, to whose

hospitality I am indebted for the opportunity of collecting

the specimen.

Bibliography.

Broom, R. 1911. “On the Structure of the Skull in Cynodont

Reptiles.” Proc. Zool. Soc. 1911, pp. 893-923.

Srrrey, H.G. 1908. ‘ Additional Evidence as to the Dentition and

Structure of the Skull in Diademodon.” Proc. Zool. Soc. 1908,

pp. 611-617,

Watson, D. M.S. 1911. “The Skull of Diademodon.” Ann, & Mag.

Nat. Hist. ser. 8, vol. vill. pp. 293-330.

On a new Species of Thaumastocheles. 229

XXVI.—WNote on Myxine capensis.

By C. Tate Reaan, M.A.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Myxrye c4pensts was recently described by me from a single

specimen from the Cape of Good Hope, taken at a depth of

110 fathoms (‘ Annals, (8) xi. 1913, p. 398). The dentition

could not be described, and it was not certain that the presence

of seven pairs of branchial pouches was normal and charac-

teristic of the species. Dr. L. Peringuez, Director of the

South African Museum, has very kindly sent me two examples

of the Cape hag-fish, taken off Cape Point at a depth of

175 fathoms. Both have seven branchial pouches and ten

teeth in each series, the two most anterior united. The

Jarger measures 320 mm. (93 mm. to the branchial aperture)

and the smaller 250 mm. (73 mm. to the branchial aperture).

The pores number 31+67+10 and 30+ 64+ 12 respectively.

Myvxine capensis is nearest to M. australis, Jenyns, from

Chile and Patagonia, but differs from that species (and from

all others of the genus) in having seven pairs of branchial

sacs instead of six.

XXVII.—A new Species of the Crustacean Genus Thaumasto-

cheles. By W. T. Cauman, D.Sc.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

TuavmastTocHEtes zatEucus (Willemoes-Suhm), one of the

most remarkable of deep-sea Crustacea, was described from

a single perfect female specimen and fragments of a second

which were dredged by the ‘ Challenger’ off Sombrero Island,

West Indies, at a depth of 450 fathoms. In 1906 Dr. Doflein

referred to the same species a male specimen from Sagami

Bay, Japan, and four years later Miss Rathbun recorded a

female from a depth of 350 fathoms in the same locality.

Dr. Doflein mentions that Mr. Owston, the well-known

dealer in Yokohama, from whom‘his specimen was obtained,

had previously sent another to England. This refers, in all

probability, to a specimen now in the Zoological Museum of

the University of St. Andrews, to which my attention has

been called by Prof. W. C. M‘Intosh, F.R.S. I am greatly

230 Dr. W. T. Calman on a new Species of

indebted to Prof. M‘Intosh for allowing this precions and

fragile specimen to run the risks of a journey to London, in

order that I might compare it directly with the ‘Challenger’

type. The result has been to show that the West-Indian

and Japanese forms are quite distinct, though closely allied,

species. Brief summaries of their distinctive characters are

given below, followed by some more detailed notes on the

St. Andrews specimen.

Thaumastocheles zaleucus (Willemoes-Suhm).

Astacus zaleucus, Willemoes-Suhm, in Wyville Thomson, Nature, vill,

1873, p. 247, fig. 1; Milme-Edwards, Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool. (5) xix.

1874, Art. 7, 2 pp. pl.xx.; Willemoes-Suhm, Trans. Linn. Soe.

London, ser. 2, Zool. i. 1875, p. 48, pl. x. fig. 1.

Thaumastocheles zaleucus, Wood-Mason, Proc. Asiatic Soc. Bengal,

1874, p. 181; Spence Bate, Rep. ‘ Challenger’ Macrura, 1888, p. 47,

pls. vi., vil. fig. 1.

Third segment of antennular peduncle more than 13 times

as long as second, its width less than half of its length.

Penultimate segment of antennal peduncle extending well

beyond tip of scale, more than twice as jong as distal segment.

Spiniform teeth on fingers of larger cheliped inclined alter-

nately to either side of the plane in which the fingers lie.

Palm of smaller cheliped more than half as long as fingers.

Dactylus of second and tiird pereopods two-thirds of length

of upper border of palm.

Holotype: female, total length (rostrum to telson) 110 mm.,

from ‘Challenger’? Station 23, off Sombrero Island, West

Indies, 450 fathoms (Brit. Mus. Crustacea, reg. no. 83. 22).

Paratype: chelipeds (first pair) and left third maxilliped of

another individual from the same locality.

Thaumastocheles japonicus, sp. n.

Thaumastocheles zaleuwcus, Dofiein, Zool. Anz. xxx. 1906, p. 521,

figs.1-4; Rathbun, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, li, 1910, p. 314,

pl. vi.

Third segment of antennular peduncle hardly longer than

second, its width more than two-thirds of its length. Penulti-

mate segment of antennal peduncle just reaching tip of scale,

one and a half times as long as distal segment. Spiniform

teeth on fingers of larger cheliped lying in the plane of the

fingers. Palm of smaller cheliped less than half as long as

the fingers. Dactylus of second and third perseopeds equal

or nearly so to upper border of palm.

Holotype: female, total length 174 mm., in Zoological

the Crustacean Genus Thaumastocheles. 231

Museum of University of St. Andrews, “Off Yenoshima,

Odawara Bay, Japan, 200 fathoms, July 1898, Mr. W.

Balsillie.” Length of carapace and rostrum 62 mm. ; of

larger chela 118 mm.; of smaller chela 56 mm. This

specimen is the largest yet recorded in the genus.

The spines on the antero-lateral regions of the carapace are

more numerous than in Th. zaleucus. The raised line which

marks the anterior margin of the carapace shows on each

side of the base of the rostrum an orbital bay, which, how-

ever, is smaller and more concealed by overlying fur than in

the type of Th. zaleucus. The rostrum is turned upwards at

the tip, not downwards as in Doflein’s specimen, and there

are about five pairs of marginal spinules concealed in the

shaggy fur that covers it. The dorso-lateral ridges of the

abdomen, which in 7’h. zaleucus are dentate or tuberculate on

all the somites, are so here only on the first three, becoming

low and smooth on the last three somites.

The arrangement of the teeth on the fingers of the larger

cheliped requires further description. In Zh. zaleucus (fig. I.)

the teeth are set in a single row—that is to say, with their

bases in line—for the greater part of the length of the fingers,

but they slope alternately to either side of the plane in which

the two fingers lie, so as to form two rows at an angle of

about 80° with each other, Towards the proximal end of

the fingers the bases of the two rows begin to move apart,

and the arrangement becomes truly biserial. ‘Throughout

the greater part of each row large and small teeth alternate

in regular order, so that the periodic arrangement, taking

both rows together, may be represented by the formula

MAB B &.

In Th. japonicus (fig, II.), on the other hand, the teeth are

in a single row, and all lie in the plane of the fingers ; they

are of four orders of size, and are arranged with beautiful

regularity (which only becomes disturbed towards the base

and tip of each finger) in periodic sequence agreeing with

that observed by Stahr* and by Herrick f in the chele of

the lobster. The sequence may be represented by the formula

ADCDBDCDA, Atthe proximal end of the immovable

finger is a single tooth set out of the line of the others and

pointing obliquely towards the side that is ventral when the

chela is extended. This tooth apparently corresponds to one

* Jenaische Zeitschr. xxxiii. 1898, p. 457.

+ Bull. Bureau Fisheries, Washington, xxix. 1909, p. 260

232 On a new Species of Thaumastocheles.

which, in Th. zaleucus, seems to be in series with the ven-

trally directed row, though it is larger than its neighbours

and a little more inclined than they are.

The specimens described by Doflein and Miss Rathbun are

identified with the species here described not only on account

of the locality whence they were obtained, but also because

the figures given by these authors show the teeth of the

Jarger chela arranged as in the St. Andrews specimen. It is

to be noted, however, that Doflein’s figure shows the palm of

the smaller cheliped to be more than half the length of the

fingers. If this be correct, the character in question should

be omitted from the specific diagnosis, or qualified by the

words “in the female.” In Doflein’s figure, also, the smaller

i, IE

Diagram (not drawn to scale) showing arrangement of teeth on finger of

large cheliped: I. Thaumastocheles zaleucus ; Il. Th. japonicus.

chela is nearly straight, as it is in the type of Th. zaleucus,

while in the St. Andrews specimen of Th. gaponicus, as in the

photograph given by Miss Rathbun, the immovable finger is

bent outwards so as to form an obtuse angle with the palm.

In both species the last pair of perseopods are minutely but

perfectly chelate. ‘This character is apparently not confined

to the female sex, as Spence Bate suspected it might be,

since Doflein states that in the male specimen examined by

him “Die Pereiopoden sind vollkommen wie nach der

Beschreibung von Bate beim 2.”

In the female of both species there is, on the sternal surface

of the thorax, between the bases of the penultimate pair of

legs, a trilobed structure which, from the analogy of the

On new Species of Mollusca. 233

common lobster, is probably a thelycum or receptaculum seminis.

It resembles that of the lobster * in general form, but differs a

little in the two species. In Th. zaleucus the posterior unpaired

lobe (no doubt the “ triangular pectoral plate” of Willemoes-

Suhm’s account) is relatively large and its anterior angle is

acute, while the anterior paired lobes are depressed in the

middle line ; in Th. japonicus the posterior lobe is smaller, its

anterior angle is obtuse, and the anterior lobes are elevated

in the middle. It is possible, however, that these differences

may not be specific, but may be due to differing degrees of

maturity.

DL I OL Se

XXVII.—Deseriptions of new Species of Mollusea.

By G. B. Sowersy, F.L.S.

[Plate III.)

THE eight Japanese species described in this paper, together

with the six appearing in my last (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist.,

June 1913), were collected and sent over by Mr. Y. Hirase,

whose diligent researches have added much to our knowledge

of the molluscan fauna of Japan. He has also recently

built and furnished an excellent conchological museum at

Kyoto. :

Glyphostoma glabriplicatum, sp.n. (Pl. III. fig. 1.)

Testa elongata, albida, solidiuscula ; spira elato-turrita ; anfractus 9,

convexi, gradati, spiraliter subtilissime striati, longitudinaliter

plicati; plicis 8, crassiusculis, rotundatis, glabratis; anfractus

ultimus brevis, infra contractus, brevirostratus ; apertura brevi-

cula; peristoma ad marginem acutum, extus crassivaricosum,

intus plicatum ; sinus posticus arcuatus, mediocriter profundus,

latiuseulus ; columella rectiuscula, leviter plicata; canalis brevis,

infra expansus,

Long. 14, maj. diam. 4 mm.

flab. Osumi, Japan.

Shell with a short body-whorl: and high turrited spire;

the outer lip thickened by a strong varix, edge acute, interior

of the aperture on both sides closely plicate.

In its general aspect this shell is very like G@. alicia

* Calman, “Crustacea,” Lankester’s ‘ Treatise on Zoology,’ 1909, p. 291,

fig. 169.

ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xii. 16

234 Mr. G. B. Sowerby on

(Melvill and Standen), from Lifu, but it is much smoother,

the spiral stria being very fine and close.

Drillia solicitata, sp.n. (Pl. III. fig. 2.)

Testa elongata, solidiuscula, pallide carnea, dilute fulvo fasciata ;

anfractus 7, superne glabrati, leviter concavi, infra convexi,

oblique plicati; anfractus ultimus spiram fere sequans, supra

breviter oblique plicatus, deinde levis, infra attenuatus, vix

rostratus; apertura oblonga, mediocriter lata, intus levis; peri-

stoma acutum, arcuatum; sinus profundus, intus rotunde ex-

pansus ; canalis latus, brevissimus; columella leviter arcuata,

supra callosa.

Long. 14, maj. diam, 53 mm,

Hab. Goto, Japan.

A pale pink shell, with light fulvous bands; it is chiefly

remarkable for the character of the sinus, which is rather

narrow at the entrance and then roundly expanded.

Mangilia osumiensis, sp.n. (PI. III. fig. 3.)

Testa fusiformis, sordide albida, obscure luteo fasciata ; spira elata,

acuta; anfractus 7, convexiusculi, spiraliter densissime striati, -

longitudinaliter plicati ; plicis 8, rectiusculis vel leviter obliquis;

crassiusculis; anfractus ultimus spiram superans, supra con-

vexus, infra attenuatus; apertura oblonga, mediocriter lata ;

peristoma acutum ; sinus previssimus ; canalis latiusculis, curtus.

Long. 44, maj. diam, 2 mm.

Hab. Osumi, Japan.

A typical Mangilia, distinctly spirally striated.

Cythara quadrilineata, sp. D. (Pl. IIT. fig. 4.)

Testa fusiformi-ovata, solidiuscula, albida, lineis 4 pallide fulvis

transversim ornata; spira acute conica, leviter convexa; an-

fractus 5, leeves, plicis paucis glabratis longitudinaliter instructi ;

anfractus ultimus longitudinis % teste equans, Supra convexus,

infra attenuatus; apertura angusta; peristoma crassum, intus

denticulatum; sinus haud profundus; columella rectiuscula,

minute denticulata; canalis brevis, mediocriter latus.

Long. 8, maj. diam. 3; mm.

Hab. Japan.

‘A smooth shell without spiral striz, the longitudinal plicze

being somewhat distant, and smoothly rounded. ‘The four

light fulvous lines crossing the body-whorl seem to be a

constant character.

new Species of Mollusca, 235

Clathurella excellens, sp.n. (PI. ILL. fig. 5.)

Testa ovato-turrita, alba, luteo tincta, fulvo-fusco hic illie pauci-

maculata; spiraelatiuscula, gradata; anfractus 6, supra angulati,

longitudinaliter rugose plicati; plicis 8, nodulosis; anfractus

ultimus spiram superans, supra nodose angulatus, infra con-

tractus, breviter rostratus; apertura oblonga, angustiuscula ;

peristoma crassum, intus denticulatum; sinus posticus mediocriter

profundus, rotunde curvatus ; columella recta, fere levis; canalis

brevis, antice expansus.

Long. 10, maj. diam. 4 mm.

Hab. Osumi, Japan.

A small shell of a striking and somewhat gay character.

The nodules on the ribs are quite prominent, mostly of a

pale yellow colour, but here and there they are ornamented

with conspicnous bright brown blotches, sparingly distributed.

Clathurella royt, sp.n. (PI. II. fig. 6.)

Testa ovato-turrita, crassa, pallide luteo-fulva, ad apicem fusca ;

spira elatiuscula, subgradata; anfractus 8, primi 2 Jevyes, se-

quentes conyexi, supra angulati, longitudinaliter plicati ; plicis

crassis, rotundatis, valide nodulosis; anfractus ultimus spiram

fere equans, supra convexus, angulatus, infra contractus, brevis-

sime rostratus; apertura mediocriter angusta ; peristoma crassum,

intus denticulatum; sinus mediocriter latus et profundus; colu-

mella leyiter sinuosa, haud denticulata; canalis brevis.

Long. 7, maj. diam. 3 mm.

Hab. Osumi, Japan.

A small shell of solid growth, with very stout, strongly

nodulous ribs, brown apex. Otherwise the shell is of a light

uniform buff-colour.

Conus optimus, sp.n. (PI. III. fig. 7.)

Testa turbinata, crassa, fusca, maculis grandibus albis diversi-

formibus ornata; spira breviter conica; anfractus angulati,

anguste planulati, ad angulum tuberculati ; anfractus ultimus ad

angulum tuberculis rotundatis mediocriter elevatis subdistantibus

coronatus, infra angulum conyexiusculus, baltea alba irregulariter

interrupta infra medium ornatus, basin versus leviter attenuatus,

granulatus ; apertura angusta, intus purpurea ; peristoma postice

breviter sinuata.

Long. 23, maj. diam. 12 mm.

Hab. New Caledonia.

The pattern of this shell is rather excentric ; there is a

large, white, curiously formed blotch proceeding diagonally

236 Mr. G. B. Sowerby on

from the angle, and just below the middle of the body-whorl

an interrupted belt of quaintly formed white markings ; these

show very prominently against the general plain brown

colour of the shell.

I have only seen a single specimen of this species.

Chrysodomus acutispiratus, sp.n. (Pl. III. fig. 8.)

Testa ovato-acuminata, luteo-albida, pallide fusco-balteata, ubique

spiraliter lirata, liris angustis, confertis, liris fortioribus majis

distantibus interveniens; spira elata acuta, apice papillaris ;

anfractus 9, primi 2 leves, leviter obliqui, sequentes 4, angulatim

convexi, longitudinaliter nodoso-plicati, deinde regulariter con-

vexi; anfractus ultimus spiram superans, ventricosus infra

medium valde contractus, breviter contorto rostratus; apertura

ovata, intus levis, fusco-tincta; peristoma tenue, arcuatum ;

columella arcuata, infra medium complicata, sinistrorsum re-

flexa ; canalis brevis, leviter reflexus.

Long. 29, maj. diam. 13 mm.

Hab. Tyo, Inland Sea, Japan,

This shell is remarkable for its long acute spire, the spiral,

close, fine lire, with stronger ones at regular intervals, and

the rough plice on the upper whorls.

Mesalia ewilis, sp.n. (PI. ILI. fig. 9.)

Testa elongato-turrita, albida, maculis parvis pallide lutescente con-

spersa, ubique spiraliter tenuiter lirata; spira preelonga, acuta ;

anfractus 14, leviter convexi, oblique anguste plicati, plicis

eranulosis; sutura anguste canaliculata; anfractus ultimus 3

longitudinis teste equans, convexus, plicis obliquis evanidis;

apertura semilunata; peristoma tenue; columella sinistrorsum

reflexa ; basis haud canaliculata, sinu latiusculo emarginato.

Long. 47, maj. diam. 133 mm.

Hab. West Australia.

The actual generic position of this remarkable shell is

uncertain, but I place it provisionally in J/esalia on account

of the characteristic basal sinus,

Mitra marcia, sp.n. (PI. III. fig. 10.)

Testa ovato-fusiformis, albida, lineis lacteis, vivide fusco interruptis

ornata ; spira mediocriter elata, acuta; anfractus 8, convexi,

longitudinaliter ubique plicata, supra pallide luteo tincti, linea

fusca luteo interrupta ornati; anfractus ultimus $ longitudinis

teste zequans, convexiusculus, infra leviter attenuatus, ad medium,

supra, et infra hilariter lineatus ; apertura oblonga, intus fusco

fasciata ; columella triplicata.

Long. 16, maj. diam. 6 mm.

~~!

new Species of Mollusca.

Hab. Cyo-Callamianes, Philippines (Hidalgo).

A beautiful little shell; the lines crossing it are bright

brown between the ribs and yellow on the top; the anterior

portion of the shell is more densely marked with brown lines.

I have only seen one specimen, which was sent to me by

Senior J. G. Hidalgo, of Madrid,

Mitra hidalgot, sp.n. (PI. ILI. fig. 11.)

Testa gracillime elongata, albida, hic illic sparsim flavo tincta;

spira elata, acutissima; anfractus 9, primi 2 leves, pellucens,

sequentes tricarinati, inter carinas longitudinaliter foveolatim

multisuleati; anfractus ultimus } longitudinis teste equans,

levissime convexus, carinis circiter 12 instructus, basin versus

attenuatus ; apertura angusta ; peristoma tenue, serratum ; colu-

mella triplicata,

Long. 19, maj. diam. 53 mm.

Hab. Philippines (Hidalgo).

A shell of graceful slender form, with prominent spiral

earine, between which are numerous short excavated sulci

directed longitudinally.

Like the last species, this is the only specimen I have

seen, and it was also sent me by Seiior Hidalgo.

Mitra sculptispira, sp.n. (PI. LI. fig. 12.)

Testa ovato-fusiformis, solidula, nigro-fusca, baltea unica luteo-

fusca ornata; spira conica, mediocriter elata, acuta; anfractus 7,

convexi, longitudinaliter plus minusve rugose plicati; sutura

impressa ; anfractus ultimus levis, $ longitudinis teste equans,

supra convexus, supra medium baltea angusta luteo-alba cingu-

latus, infra leviter attenuatus, oblique sulcatus; apertura an-

gusta; peristoma crassiusculum, levis, nigro-fusca; columella

rectiuscula, triplicata.

Long. 14, maj. diam, 6 mm,

Hab. 1. Sibuyan, Philippines (Hidalgo).

Four specimens of this species to hand. It is a dark

brown shell, with a thin band of yellowish white ; the body-

whorl is smooth, but the upper whorls are more or less

rudely plicate ; in this respect the specimens vary considerably.

Tellina eusculpta, sp.n. (PI. IIL. fig. 13.)

Testa ovalis, compressa, albida, concentrice tenuiter dense laminata,

radiatim subfiliter suleata, antice rotundata, postice leviter trun-

cata, leviter flexuosa ; umbones acuti, fere centrali, conjuncti;

lunula angustissima; ligamentum breviusculum ; area ligamenti

238 On new Species of Mollusca.

excavata ; margo dorsalis utrinque declivis; latus anticus rotun-

datum, posticus biangulatum ; eardo normalis.

Diam. antero-post. 26, umbono-marg. 16 mm.

Hab. Manila.

A white shell of ordinary form, closely sculptured, with

thin concentric lamellee and radiating strie. .

Cardita kiiensis, sp.n. (PI. III. fig. 14.)

Testa transverse oblongo-ovata, compressiuscula, fulvo-fusca, supra

albo picta, versus marginem tenuiter concentrice striata, ubique

oblique costata; costis 12, latiusculis, rotunde convexis, inter-

stitiis subeequaliter latis; umbones incurvati, approximati, antice

locati ; margo dorsalis posticus elongatus, leviter arcuatus, anticus

abrupte truncatus, utrinque rotunde convexus, ventralis leviter

arcuatus ; cardo normalis; pagina interna levis, alba, ad mar-

ginem crenulata.

Diam. umbono-marg. 21, antero-post. 29 mm,

Hab. Ki, Japan.

This shell is chiefly remarkable for the extremely anterior

position of the umboes, making the radiating ribs unusually

oblique.

Cardita regularis, sp.n. (PI. III. fig. 15.)

Testa subtrigonalis, ventricosa, crassa, fusca, radiatim costata ;

costis 12, latiusculis, transversim rugose plicatis, interstitiis majis

angustis levigatis; umbones obtusi, ante medium locati; area

valvarum antica oblongo-cordiformis, leviter concava, postica

elongata, compressa, utrinque rugose striata; margo dorsalis

anticus brevis, valde declivis, posticus elongatus recto declivis ;

latus anticus rotundatum, posticus acuminatum, biangulatum.

Pagina interna lilaceo-fusco tincta, margine crenulata ; impres-

siones musculares utrinque ovali, impressi.

Diam. umbono-marg. 30, antero-post. 40, crass. 25 mm,

Hab. Gorée, West Africa.

Compared with C. antiquata, Linn., the form of this shell

is more triangular, umboes more nearly central, radiating ribs

more strongly plicate, interstices not so deep. It is further

distinguished by the shallow depressions before and behind

the umbones.

I have only seen one adult and two young specimens,

which were in the collection of the late Monsieur Denans,

with label indicating habitat as above.

Geological Society. 239

EXPLANATION OF PLATE IIL.

Fig. 1. Glyphostoma glabriplicatum (twice nat. size),

Fig. 2. Dritha solicitata (twice nat. size).

Fig. 3. Mangilia osumiensis (3% times nat. size).

Fig. 4. Cythara quadrilineata (twice nat. size).

Fig. 6. Clathurella excellens (twice nat. size).

Fug. . 6: royt (23 times nat. size).

Fig. 7. Conus optimus (nat. size),

Fig. 8. Chrysodomus acutispira (nat. size).

Fig. 9. Mesalia exilis (nat. size).

Fig. 10. Mitra marcie (twice nat. size).

Fig. 11. hidalgot (14 times nat. size),

Fig. 12. sculptispira (twice nat. size).

Fig. 18. Tellina eusculpta (nat. size),

Fig. 14. Cardita kivensis (nat. size).

Fg. 15. reguiaris (uat. size).

PROCEEDINGS OF LEARNED SOCIETIES.

GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

February 5th, 1913.—Dr. Aubrey Strahan, F.R.S., President,

in the Chair.

The following communication was read :—

‘On the Skeleton of Ornithodesmus latidens, an Ornithosaur

from the Wealden Shales of Atherfield (Isle of Wight).’ By

Reginald Walter Hooley, F.G.S.

The bones were obtained from blocks recovered from the sea

after being washed from a huge fall of the Wealden Shales.

Portions of the skeleton missing in the Atherfield specimens are

supplemented by bones in the British Museum (Natural History),

No. R/176, upon which the late Prof. H. G. Seeley founded the

genus, There are remarkable peculiarities in the skull which

isolate it from all known families, such as the presence of a sixth

vacuity and a transposition of the jugal and quadratojugal in regard

to the supra- and infra-temporal arcades. The jugal is excluded

from the upper arch, and the jugal and quadratojugal from the

lower, which is formed entirely by the quadrate. The orbits are

placed far back in the skull, and the quadrate articulation is much

in front of them. The occiput is concave. Teeth occur only at

the extremity of the long muzzle; they are set close together, and

those of the upper jaw interlock with those of the lower jaw. The

notarium, the humerus, the decussation of the ulna by the radius,

the sternum, and femur all show divergence from other types.

240 Geological Soctety.

The wonderful preservation of the bones enables the mechanism

of the skull, joints, and movements of the limbs to be described.

The paper deals with the morphology, and institutes comparisons

with other types.

The evidence proves that it is necessary to form a new family,

and that Ornithodesmus has descended from a sub-order which

should include Scaphognathus and Dimorphodon. ‘The Author

suggests the withdrawal of these two genera from the Rhampho-

rhynchide, and the formation of a new sub-order; and also that

there are three entirely different phases of development shown in the

skulls of the known Ornithosauria, which permit of their division

into three sub-orders.

Measurements of the bones are given.

March 5th, 1913.—Dr. Aubrey Strahan, F.R.S., President,

in the Chair.

The following communications were read :—

1. ‘ The “ Kelloway Rock” of Scarborough.’ ByS.8. Buckman,

F.G.S.

The Author has studied the types of ammonites from the Kello-

way Rock described by Leckenby, preserved in the Sedgwick

Museum, Cambridge, and a series of Yorkshire Kelloway-Rock .

ammonites from the Museum of Practical Geology, London.

He has grouped these ammonites according to their different

matrices, and finds that they indicate several different zones.

These zones he arranges in sequence, and suggests how they may be

compared with the sections of Kelloway Rock of Scarborough given

by Leckenby and by Fox-Strangways. The exact order of the

zones is, in one or two cases, not considered to be proved, but the

paper is offered with the idea of indicating where further work is

required.

An examination of the ammonite fauna of the Yorkshire zones

shows that the so-called ‘ Kelloway Rock’ of Yorkshire is in part

contemporaneous with the Oxford Clay of the Midlands and the South

of England, and in part contains faunal facies not represented in

these areas, but peculiar to Yorkshire so far as England is con-

cerned; they show, however, some affinity with faunal facies in

Russia and in Normandy.

An examination of the list of species of ammonites recorded by

Fox-Strangways from the Oxford Clay of Yorkshire shows that the

Oxford Clay of Yorkshire itself is not in the main sequential to the

Kelloway Rock, but is contemporaneous with it, leading to the in-

ference that even in Yorkshire itself part of the Kelloway Rock is

only a local manifestation, and that it passes laterally into Oxford

Clay.

. A table of zones is given, in order to illustrate the contemporaneity

of the Kelloway Rock-Oxford Clay deposits of Yorkshire and the

Geological Society. 241

Midlands, while at the same time showing the various non-sequences

in both areas.

Some critical paleontological remarks are made concerning the

identification of certain species of ammonites, and a correction of

nomenclature is made, with a new name for a species misidentified

on account of homceomorphy. This leads to a few remarks on

development and homceomorphy, wherein an important difference

in the mode of development of certain Kelloway Rock-Oxford Clay

genera is pointed out, and it is remarked that there are three

methods of homceomorphy—(1) subparallel, the likeness of stocks

passing through similar stages; (2) transversal, the likeness of

stocks starting from different forms meeting at a cross-over or

collision-point; and (38) cyclical, the likeness of an anagenetic

to a catagenetic series.

2. ‘On Jurassic Ammonites from Jebel Zaghuan (Tunis).’ By

Leonard Frank Spath, B.Sc., F.G.S.

Jebel Zaghuan, the best-known and most conspicuous, though not

the highest, mountain of the Tunisian Atlas, is built up largely of

massive bluish-grey limestones of confused stratification which have

been referred to the Middle Lias on the evidence of badly-preserved

belemnites and Terebratule, notably ‘ Pygope’ aspasia, Columna sp.

Middle Liassic (Domerian) ammonites are now recorded for the

first time. A new classification of the Domerian genera of the

family Hildoceratide, to which the fossils from Jebel Zaghuan

belong, is proposed.

Moreover the ammonites collected by the Author afford sufficient

evidence of the presence of the zone of Reineckia anceps, which

occurs in Algeria, but had been supposed absent in Tunis together

with the other beds intervening between the Middle Lias and the

Corallian. The Middle Jurassic transgression must, therefore, have

begun in Lower Oxfordian times, since the deposits of that age

probably rest directly on the Domerian.

The upper zones of the Oxfordian, as well as the lower part of

the Corallian as interpreted by Mr. Buckman: that is, the cordatus

and pre-cordatus zones,seem to be absent, although there is a possi-

bility that they have been cut out by the extensive faulting, of which

the general calamitization seems to afford proof.

On the other hand, the Argovian, or zone of Peltoceras trans-

versarium, is very well represented. About seventy specimens were

collected at a locality called Sidi Bu Gubrin, but the list includes

forms from the transversarius zone mixed with some from the

* acanthicus’ beds. If we call to mind the curious: fact that, not

only in the Southern Alps, but also in Sicily the Argovian is very

well developed, to the exclusion of the higher beds of the Corallian,

followed without any apparent break by the ‘ acanthicus’ beds, it

appears quite probable that the two ‘ zones’ occur here in a similar

manner, and that the apparent mixture is not due to doubtful

identifications of badly-preserved specimens.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xii. 17

242 Geological Society.

Most of the forms are certainly of Argovian age, and with regard

to the remainder the stratigraphical value is problematical. The

presence of the ‘ acanthicus zone,’ therefore, must remain doubtful,

although on the neighbouring Jebel Ben Saidan deposits of that age

occur, and indicate a third transgression in Central Tunis during

Kimmeridgian times, which brought back the sea and gave rise to

deposits of red ammonitic Knollenkalk exactly similar to that of

the Lower Oxfordian and the Argovian.

March 19th, 1913.—Dr. Aubrey Strahan, F.R.S., President,

in the Chair.

The following communications were read :—

1. ‘The Geology of Northern Peru: Tertiary and Quaternary

Beds.’ By Beeby Thompson, F.G.S8., F.C.S,

This paper deals with the physiography, physical history, and

geology of some 600 square miles of territory in the westernmost

part of South America, between the 4th and 5th degrees of south

latitude, and between the Andes and the sea.

The connexion between the surface-configuration of the district

and the arid nature of the climate is shown.

A description is given of the tablazos, raised beaches,

quebradas, and salinas, ete.

Then follows a physical history of the region, as told by the

rocks themselves, from early Eocene times to the present. <A great

uplift and folding of the rocks took place in late Oligocene or early

Miocene times, followed by a comparatively short terrestrial epoch.

A subsequent depression allowed of the deposition of Miocene and

possibly later beds.

In what may be considered as recent ages the area has been

spasmodically rising. It is shown that the elevation of the near

Andes is a comparatively recent event.

The series of rocks exposed probably attain a thickness of

5000 feet or more. The whole is divided into four groups of

formations—Recent, Miocene, Oligocene (?), and Eocene, and each

of these into sets of beds.

By far the most important of these groups of formations is the

Eocene, in part corresponding to the Tejon of the Coatinga district

of California. This yields abundance of fossils, and is the only

series of beds that yield oil. Eight paleontological zones in this

series are established. About 150 species of fossils are recorded,

of which the larger proportion are probably new species.

The origin of the petroleum is traced to animal organisms.

2. ‘The Internal Cranial Elements and Foramina of Dapedius

granulatus, from a Specimen recently found in the Lias at Char-

mouth.’ By George Allan Frost, F.G.S.

The specimen described was found near the formation known as

‘the fish-bed,’ in the semicostatus zone between Charmouth and

Geological Society. 243

Lyme Regis, and was embedded in an ovoid nodule of indurated

Lias.

Owing to the complete envelopment of the skull and its subse-

quent pyritization, the bones and delicate interorbital septum are

preserved in perfect condition, permitting the accurate delineation

of the openings for the nerves. The bones apparently are com-

pletely ossified, and the entire build is massive, the heavy outer

cartilage-bones receiving support internally from the well-developed

orbitosphenoids. The supraoccipital, which alone exhibits signs of

erosion, shows clearly the bony texture.

There is no foramen in the parasphenoid in front of the basi-

pterygoid processes, as in Lepidotus.

The basicranial canal differs from that in Ama calva, in its

extension to the rear of the skull, that in Amia ending in a

cul-de-sac half way.

The third, fourth, and fifth nerves in Dapedius have their most

probable entry through a large median opening between the

orbitosphenoids, and not as in Ama from the basicranial canal.

The opisthotics are stout and prominent bones, with an upward

inclination corresponding to that of the parasphenoid.

The foramina for the optic and olfactory nerves are clearly

shown, the latter nerve having been exposed for about two-fifths of

its course across the orbit, thereby differing from Amia and Lepi-

dotus, in both of which it is enclosed in canals,

There are two openings between each orbit and the nasal fossa.

The basioccipital exhibits a small condyle on each side, and is

produced posteriorly in a process above the entrance for the

notochord.

April 9th, 1913.—Dr. Aubrey Strahan, F.R.S., President,

in the Chair.

The following communications were read :—

1. ‘The Variation of Planorbis multiformis Bronn.’ By George

Hickling, D.Sc., F.G.S., Lecturer in Paleontology & Demonstrator

in Geology in the Victoria University of Manchester.

The writer gives an account of an investigation of the above-

named Miocene gasteropod, based on a suite of 532 specimens from a

single block of stone. The shells of this type from the Steinheim

deposits were formerly investigated by Steinmann, Hilgendorf,

Hyatt, and others, Many species and subspecies were founded by

those writers, who also constructed genetic series which were

described as following a stratigraphical sequence. The specimens

considered in the present paper include several of the species and

subspecies of Hyatt. Since, however, these individuals were clearly

all living together, and all the types appeared to pass one into the

other by insensible gradations, it seemed doubtful whether they

could properly be regarded as constituting more than a single

244 Geological Society.

species. Accordingly a study was made of the variation in height

presented by the shells, which include every gradation between

perfectly discoid forms and types with a spire the height of which

considerably exceeds the diameter of the base. By sorting the whole

of the shells into ten grades, according to height, it was shown

that forms of mean height were common, while extreme forms

were rare, the height being distributed, in fact, according to a

typical ‘variation-curve.’ If more than one species were really

present, it is in the highest degree improbable that the various

types should be distributed in the proportions actually found, and

this is taken as the most satisfactory proof possible of the specific

unity of the group.

It is shown that the shells also vary extensively in respect of the

amount of carination, the degree of involution, the form of cross-

section of the whorls, the form of aperture and the stage of develop-

ment at which various characters are acquired, the variation in each

character being, however, ‘continuous.’ The ontogeny of the

various characters is considered, and the species is shown to be

highly variable at an early stage, the mature characters being

largely independent of early variations.

A discussion is given of the bearing of the inquiry on the

stratigraphical application of paleeontological data.

2. *The Structure and Relationships of the Carbonicole.’

By Miss M. Colley March, M.Sc.

The evidence for the relationship of the Carbonicole to the Unionide,

based on shell-structure, muscle-scars, form, habitat, ligament, and

hinge-teeth appears insufficient. The first five of these characteristics

are shared with obviously unrelated groups. With regard to the

last—the teeth—as seen in developed specimens and reconstruc-

tions from sections, they seem to be absent. The hinge-apparatus

appears to consist of a cardinal plateau, grooved for the reception

of an internal ligament. The hinge-plate and lgamental groove

are absent in Carbonicola antigua, very poorly represented in C,

turgida and similar forms, and most highly developed in C. aquilina.

Another fact which argues against the relationship of the Unionide

to the Carbonicole is the absence of ornament in the latter group and

its presence in the former. This holds good whether the ornament

is considered to be due to the effect of the glochidial hooks in the

young shells, or to be the remains of ornament: because in the

former case it implies the absence of the glochidial stage, and in

the latter it implies descent from an unornamented ancestry.

_ The position of the Carbonicole appears to be unsettled, and to

be possibly quite different from that of any of the Pelecypoda yet

studied: because, according to Bernard’s work, the cardinal plateau

is developed subsequently to the hinge-teeth, while in the Carbonicole

it is acquired independently of them, specialization taking place in

the ligament, for the reception of which the plateau is developed

and specialized.

THE ANNALS

MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY.

(EIGHTH SERIES.)

No. 69. SEPTEMBER 1913.

XXIX.—A Report on the Eeatra-Antarctic Amphipoda

Hyperiidea collected by the ‘ Discovery.” By Dororuy A.

Srewart, B.Sc., Platt Zoological Research Scholar, the

University of Manchester.

[Plates [V.—VII. ]

THE Amphipoda described below are, without exception,

representatives of the pelagic group Hyperiidea, which were

taken by the ‘ Discovery’ Antarctic Expedition in tropical

and subtropical waters during the year 1901 on the outward

journey to the Pole.

The majority of the specimens appear to have been captured

in surface tow-nets from localities in the tropical and South

Atlantic ; but there is, in addition, *a single specimen of a

subantarctic species, Hyperiella antarctica, from a more

southerly latitude.

The determination of the species of Hyperiidea in a

collection like the present one, consisting of isolated specimens

from scattered localities, is attended with considerable

difficulty—most of the species seem to be very imperfectly

known, and the whole group is badly in need of revision.

The material at hand is wholly inadequate to attempt such a

revision, and in the course of the work it has often been

necessary to identify specimens by locality rather than by

character, so trifling have been the points used in specitic

distinctions.

It is interesting to record the occurrence of an entirely new

genus, Hemiscelus, represented by a specimen taken in the

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xii, 18

246 Miss D. A. Stewart on the Hetra-Antarctic

S. tropical Atlantic, as well as two new species of Vibhzlia,

which have been added to the list of those already known.

‘The presence of several other already-known species in the

collection has also served to extend their geographical range

considerably southward.

It may be as well, before proceeding to a description of

the various types, to indicate clearly the terminology which

has been adopted throughout. In all Amphipoda, the first

thoracic appendages are modified to serve as additional

mouth-organs, and the second and third are slightly differen-

tiated from the succeeding ones, being more or less modified

for prehension—for these latter the terms first and second

gnathopods are used, the remaining five thoracic limbs being

designated as the third, fourth, fifth, siwth, and seventh legs

respectively.

‘he various joints or segments of the limbs are described

in their numerical order as the second (or basal) joint, therd,

fourth (or merus), fifth (or carpus), sixth (or propodus), and

seventh (or dactylus).

The classification adopted in the arrangement of the various

families is that used by Stebbing in his report on the

‘Challenger’ Amphipoda, the only differences being that the

genus Daitrella is placed in a distinct family, as proposed by

Vosseler, and the name of the family Trypheenide is changed

to Lycide, as suggested by Sars.

The collection is the property of the British Museum

(Natural History).

The examination of the specimens has been carried out in

the Zoological Laboratories of the University of Manchester,

under the direction of Prof. 8. J. Hickson, F.R.S., to whom

I am indebted for many helpful suggestions.

I desire also to express my thanks to Dr. W. M. Tattersall

for permitting me in the first place to examine the collection,

for his continual guidance and encouragement during the

preparation of this paper, and for his valuable assistance in

the final revision and arrangement.

Tribe HYPERIIDEA.

Family Vibiliide.

Genus ViBILIA, Milne-Edwards.

Vibilia propingua, Stebbing, 1888.

Vibilia propinqua, Vosseler, 1901.

Vibilia propingua, Stebbing, 1904.

Locality. Lat. 13° 59'S., long. 34° 35’ W., Sept. 9th, 1901

(near Bahia), two females,

Amphipoda Hyperiidea collected by the * Discovery 247

Stebbing (1904) quotes as a feature to distinguish this

species from V, jeangerardé the fact that the second and third

ural segments are coalesced.

Chevreux (1900) has pointed out that in V. jeangerardi

the second and third ural segments are fused in the centre,

but free at the edges—a fact which Stebbing (1904) corrobo-

rates and which is borne out by the specimens in the present

collection,

In V. propinqua, however, exactly the same thing occurs,

and from an examination of’ several species it would appear

that this partial fusion of the last two ural segments is of

frequent occurrence among different species of Vibilia. It

can therefore hardly be regarded as of any value as a specific

character.

Distribution, North Pacific (Stebbing) ; S. Atlantic, Guinea

Stream, and Sargasso Sea (Vosseler) ; Bay of Biscay (Steb-

bing) ; West coast of Ireland (Tattersall).

Vibilia viatrixz, Bovallius.

Vibiha viatriz, Bovallius, 1887 (1) & (2).

Locality. Lat. 15° 142 8., long. 33° 114 W., Sept. 10th,

1901 (near Bahia), male and female.

Bovallius (1887), when describing the species, remarks

that “the second and third ural segments are free, not

coalesced”? ; and Stebbing (1888), in describing a specimen

closely resembling that of Bovallius, constitutes a separate

species, V. viator, on the ground that it is distinct in having

the second and third ural segments fused.

Among the forms in the present collection, however, which

agree in all other essential points with that figured and

described by Bovallius, we find the same peculiarity as in

V. propingua and V. jeangerard?, i. e. the second and third

ural segments are fused at the centre, but free at the margins.

It will thus be seen that this character is of fairly common

occurrence,

Distribution. Very widespread. N. and §&. Atlantic,

tropical Pacific, and Indian Ocean (Bovallius). Recorded by

Stebbing (1888) from “ Cape York.”

Vibilia jeangerard?, Lucas.

Vibilia jeangerardi, Lucas, 1845.

Vibilia jeangerardi, Marion, 1874.

Vibiha jeangerardi, Bovallius, 1887 (1) & (2).

Locality. Off Madeira, one female.

Chevreux (1900) has drawn attention to the partial fusion

rae

248 Miss D. A. Stewart on the Extra-Antarctic

of the last two ural segments, which has already been dealt

with in this paper.

In the structure of the seventh leg, to which he also drew

attention, the ‘ Discovery’ specimen agrees in having the

last joint shorter than the penultimate one.

Distribution. The Atlantic, the Mediterranean (Bovallius) ;

N. Atlantic Ocean (Chevreux) ; Sargasso Sea and tropical

Atlantic (Vosseler).

Vibilia serrata, sp.n. (PI. 1V.; Pl. V. figs. 1-6.)

Localities. Lat. 54° 3' S., long. 34° 85’ W., Dec. 17th,

1903, surface (off St. Georgia), two males. Lat. 86°274' 5.,

long. 8° 20’ W., Sept. 24th, 1901, one male. Lat. obs.

37° 47' S., long. 8° 59’ E., Sept. 28th, 1901 (near Tristan da

Sunha), one male.

Body (P|. 1V.) fairly broad and stoutly built ; pleon sharply

distinct from the pereion.

Head rostrate, about twice as deep as long, and considerably

longer than the first two pereional segments.

Pereion rounded, not carinate ; equal in length to the

pleon.

Epimeral plates of the pleon of considerable size and

covering about half the peduncles of the pleopods ; lower

margins deeply serrated, the number of teeth being greater

on the second and third than on the first plate.

Eyes extremely large, occupying the entire lateral portions

of the head; deeply pigmented.

First antenne (PI. V. fig. 1) having the basal joint of the

peduncle longer than the other two together; the first joint

of the flagellum half as long again as the head, broad and

oval at the base, and becoming thin and tapering at the apex ;

terminal joints two in number and very minute.

Second antenne (Pl. V. fig. 2) seven-jointed, of which

the fifth is the longest ; the anterior border of all the joints

bearing numerous small bristles.

First gnathopods (Pl. V. fig. 3) simple, slightly shorter

than the second ; basal joint of considerable breadth; merus

with a prominent seta at the hinder edge of the lower

border ; carpus considerably broader than the propodus, but

about the same length, the corners of the distal border

feebly produced ; curved inner border of the propodus finely

serrated ; dactylus stoutly built and half as long as the

Da ee having the inner margin finely serrate.

econd gnathopods (Pl. V. fig. 4): basal joint long and

somewhat linear ; merus having the hinder border fringed

Amphipoda Hyperiidea collected by the ‘ Discovery.’ 249

with one or two long sete ; carpal process half as long as the

propodus, serrated on its inner distal margin ; hinder margin

of the propodus bearing numerous fine serrations ; curved edge

of the dactylus finely serrated.

Third and fourth legs about equal in length; merus as

long as, but slightly broader than, the carpus, the anterior

border slightly produced at its distal end ; propodus a little

longer than the carpus, serrated on its hinder margin,

which bears numerous small sete ; dactylus slightly curved,

about half as long as the propodus.

Fifth and sixth legs considerably longer than the third and

fourth ; basal joint broad and ovate ; merus slightly shorter

than the carpus ; propodus very long and linear, as long as

the two preceding joints ; the anterior border of the merus,

carpus, and propodus bearing numerous small sete; dac-

tylus feebly curved, about } of the length of the propodus.

Seventh leg (Pl. V. fig. 5): basal joint almost as long and

quite as broad as those of the preceding limbs ; the anterior

border with four strong sete ; remaining joints remarkably

reduced in size, forming an almost inconspicuous appendage ;

the entire limb reaching to about 4 of the length of the fifth

and sixth legs.

Pileon equal in length to, but slightly deeper than, the

pereion ; pleopods with the peduncles a little shorter than the

rami.

The urus: second and third ural segments free, not

coalesced ; hinder corners of the last ural segment slightly

produced backwards.

First pair of uropoda: peduncles about equal in length to

the rami; both rami with serrated margins.

Second pair of uropoda not reaching to the apex of the

third pair ; peduncles considerably shorter than the rami ;

outer ramus slightly shorter and narrower than the inner ;

both rami with serrated margins.

Third pair of uropoda: peduncles longer than the rami;

both rami with fine serrations on the inner and outer margins.

Telson (Pl. V. fig. 6) semicircular, about + as long as the

peduncles of the last uropods,

Length, excluding antenne, 8 mm.

Vibilia serrata may be easily recognized by the serrations

on the epimeral plates and by the curious structure of the

seventh leg, which is quite unlike that found in any other

species of this genus, with the exception of V. hodgsont, which

will be described later. ;

The large size of the eyes is a distinguishing feature,

although it is possible that this may be a sexual character, as

250 Miss D. A. Stewart on the Hxtra-Antarctic

the specimens at my disposal are all males; however that

may be, the two features mentioned above will serve to

distinguish this species from any hitherto described.

The first antenna is very distinctive in appearance,

having the basal joint of the flagellum broad and oval, but

tapering towards the apex, and the curious form of the second

antenna is also worthy of note, the fourth and fifth joints

being strikingly longer than the others; this, again, is

probably a character peculiar to the male.

In the possession of a small rostrum and in the size of the

eyes this species resembles V. maeropis, Bovallius, but the

first and second antenne in the two forms are entirely

different, and may easily serve to distinguish them.

‘he shape of the last ural segment, which has the hinder

corners produced backwards, suggests V. gracilenta, and here

again the exceptioual size of the eyes only serves to increase

the resemblance.

Vibilia longipes, Bovallius.

Vibilia longipes, Bovallius, 1887 (1) & (2).

Localities. Lat. D.R.10° 32’ S., long. 32° 29’ W., Sept. 7th,

1901, one male. Lat. 12° 27'S., long. 33° 33’ W., Sept. 8th,

1901 (8. Atlantic, near Pernambuco), one male.

Distribution. The §S. Atlantic, the Pacific (Bovallius) ;

South Hquatorial current (Vosseler).

Vililia armata, Bovallius.

Wbilia armata, Bovallius, 1887 (1) & (2).

Localities. Lat. 36° 034’ S., long. 12° 502’ E., Oct. 1st,

1901, two males. Lat. 35° 143’ S., long. 15° 112’ E.,

Oct. 2nd, 1901 (near Tristan da Cunha), one male.

Distribution. ‘Tropical and §, Atlantic (Bovallius) ; the

Mediterranean (Vosseler) ; Bay of Biscay (Stebbing) ; West

coast of Ireland ( Tattersall).

Vibilia gracilenta, Bovallius.

Vibilia gracilenta, Bovallius, 1887 (1) & (2).

Locality. Lat. 35° 142’ 8., long. 15° 112’ E., Oct. 2nd,

1901 (oft the Cape of Good Hope), one male.

In this specimen the produced hinder corners of the last

wal segment are not so long as those in the form figured and

described by Bovallius, 1887 (2) ; but in all other respects the

‘ Discovery’ form is in close agreement with his description.

Amphipoda Hyperiidea collected by the ‘ Discovery.’ 251

The above locality would appear to be the most southerly

yet recorded for the species. Vosseler (1901) reports it from

the 8. Atlantic, but remarks that its occurrence there requires

further confirmation.

Distribution. The Atlantic (Bovallius) ; Gulf of Florida,

N. and 8. Equatorial currents (Vosseler).

Vibilia hodgsoni, sp.n. (PI. VI. figs. 1-6.)

Locality. Lat. 36° 032’ S., long. 12° 502’ E., Oct. 1st,

1901 (near the Cape of Good Hope), one male.

Body comparatively small, but compact.

Head (P}. VI. fig. 1) fairly short, rostrate, having the front

recurved over the origin of the antennee.

Coxal plates rectangular, of uniform depth, those of the

third and fourth legs considerably shorter than the others ;

hinder corners of the fifth and sixth plates produced to a

point.

Epimeral plates of the pleon with the hinder margins feebly

serrated.

Eyes rather small, occupying the centre of the lateral part

of the head; corneal facets large and rounded.

First antenne (Pl. VI. fig. 1): first joint of the peduncle

stouter than the two following and longer than either ; first

(and only) joint of the flagellum slightly longer than the

head, broad, almost oval in shape, with a blunt apex, and

having one or two small sete on the inferior border.

Second antenne (Pl. VI. fig. 1) five-jointed, having the

third and fourth joints the longest ; numerous short sete on

the anterior border of all the joints.

First gnathopods (P|. VI. fig. 2) simple, slightly shorter

than the second; basal joint broad, but linear; posterior

border of the merus and carpus bearing numerous small

setee; hinder border of the propodus serrated ; dactylus

stout and slightly curved.

Second gnathopods (PI. VI. fig. 3) with basal joint fairly

narrow and longer than that of the preceding leg; merus

almost as long as the carpus, narrower at the distal than the

proximal end, and with eight strong sete on the posterior

border ; carpus slightly broader than the merus; carpal

process half as long as the propodus, serrated on its inner

margin and terminating in a small stout spine; propodus

almost as long as the carpus, the inner border serrated ;

dactylus stout and strongly curved.

Third and fourth legs almost equal in length, having the

basal joint linear; merus long and narrow, broadest at the

25g Miss D. A. Stewart on the Evtra-Antaretic

distal end, the anterior edge with one or two small sete ;

carpus about equal in length to the basal joint, but slightly

narrower ; propodus curved, slightly longer than the carpus,

having numerous short sete: on its hinder border; dactylus

stout, almost straight, about + as long as the propodus.

Lijfth and siath legs considerably longer than the third and

fourth ; basal joint broad and laminate, with three sete on

the lower part of the anterior border ; merus long and narrow,

resembling the carpus in shape; propodus stout, rather

shorter than the carpus, finely serrated’ on the lower half

of the anterior border ; dactylus short and stout.

Seventh leg (Pl. VI. fig. 4) very distinctive in appearance ;

basal joint extremely large in proportion to the remaining

ones, having the lower hinder corner considerably produced

and reaching to about half the length of the merus; lower

part of the anterior border bearing six prominent sete.

Remaining joints comparatively uniform in structure ; merus

with a large seta on the anteiior and posterior borders;

carpus and propodus with their anterior margins serrated ;

dactylus stout, equal in length to the propodus.

Pleon not sharply marked off from the pereion. Peduncles

of the pleopods shorter than the rami.

The urus (Pl. VI. fig. 6) having the second and third

segments coalesced at the centre, but free at the margins ;

second segment only half as broad as the first and third ;

hinder corners of the last segment slightly produced back-

wards.

First pair of uropods with the peduncles linear, about

twice as long as the rami; both rami equal in length, with

broad serrations on the margins, more numerous on the outer

than on the inner margin. .

Second pair of uropods considerably shorter than the first ;

peduncles not quite as long as the rami; outer ramus slightly

shorter than the inner, and both having serrated margins,

with the serrations finer and more numerous on the inner

margin.

Third pair of wropods having the peduncles broad and

fairly stout, about the length of the rami; inner rami stout,

rounded at the distal ends, with their inner margins finely

serrated ; outer rami narrower, broad at the base but tapering

to a point, and having numerous serrations on the inner

margin and a few small sete on the outer one.

Telson (Pl. VI. fig. 6) broad and tongue-shaped, about half

as long as the peduncles of the last uropods.

Length, excluding antenne, 6 mm.

Amphipoda Hyperiidea collected by the * Discovery 253

The nearest allies of this species would seem to be V. jean-

gerard and V. longipes.

It resembles the former in the possession of a rostrate head

and in the fusion of the second and third ural segments,

while the length of the fifth and sixth walking-legs in rela-

tion to the preceding ones recalls V. longipes.

From both these forms V. hodgsoni is quite distinct, in

that (1) the hinder corners of the last ural segment are

distinctly produced backward, and (2) the seventh walking-

leg is of aberrant and quite characteristic shape.

It is curious to notice that in two points (viz. the curious

structure of the seventh leg and the serrated epimeral plates)

this species presents some resemblance to V. serrata; but it

is easily distinguished by (1) the form of the first antenna,

(2) the feebler serrations on the margins of the epimeral

plates, and (3) the form of the seventh leg, which has the

hinder portion of the inferior margin considerably produced

downwards.

It is to be regretted that in the present collection there is

no female of this species or of V. serrata.

Family Paraphronimidz, Bovallius.

Genus ParRAPHRONIMA, Claus.

Paraphronima gracilis, Claus.

Paraphronima gracilis, Claus, 1879.

Locality. Lat. 17° 15’ §., long. 32° 05’ W., Nov. 9th,

1901 (S. Atlantic, between Bahia and Rio de Janeiro), one

male, length 8-5 mm.

Distribution. ‘Tropical and temperate regions of the At-

lantic ; the northern temperate and the tropical regions of the

Pacific (Bovallius, Stebbing) ; the Azores (Chevreuz).

Paraphronima crassipes, Claus.

Paraphronima crassipes, Claus, 1879.

Paraphronima clypeata, Bovyallius, 1885 & 1889.

Paraphronima pectinata, Bovallius, 1887.

Localities. Lat. obs. 37° 47’ S., long. 3° 59’ E., Sept. 28th,

1901, one female, length 11 mm. Lat. obs. 37° 33?’ S.,

long. 6° 09’ E., Sept. 29th, 1901 (between Tristan da Cunha

and the Cape of Good Hope), twelve specimens, average

length 12 mm.

In addition to the other sexual differences which have been

254 Miss D. A. Stewart on the Hxtra- Antarctic

described as occurring in the genus, it is worthy of note that

the males have somewhat longer mandibular palps than the

females.

Distribution. Tropical Atlantic (Bovallius) ; the Mediter-

ranean (Claus).

Family Dairellide.

Genus DAIRELLA, Bovallius.

Dairella latissima, Bovallius.

Dairella latissima, Bovallius, 1887 (1) & 1889.

Dairella bovallii, Stebbing, 1888.

Dairella latissima, Vosseler, 1901.

Locality. Lat. 37° 332’ S., long. 6° 09’ E., Sept. 29th,

1901 (between Tristan da Cunha and the Cape of Good

Hope), one female, length 9°0 mm.

Distribution. ‘Temperate and tropical Atlantic (Bovallius) ;

S. Equatorial current and the Mediterranean (Vosseler) ; West

coast of Ireland (Tattersall) ; the Mediterranean (Chevreux).

Family Phronimide.

Genus PHRONIMA, Latreille.

Phronima sedentaria, Forskal.

Phronima sedentaria, Forsk. 1775.

Phronima sedentaria, Vosseler, 1901.

Locality. Off Madeira, Aug. 14th, 1901, a full-grown male,

11 mm., a young female, 8 mm., and three immature

specimens.

Distribution. Widespread in the \tropical and temperate

seas, and recorded from around the British coasts by Bate

and Westwood, Walker, and Tattersall.

Phronima stebbingt, Vosseler.

Phronima stebbingi, Vosseler, 1901.

Phronima pacifica, Stebbing, 1888.

Phronima pacifica, Bovallius, 1889.

Localities. Lat. 28° 25’ 8., long. 23° 56’ W., Sept. 17th,

1901, male and female, 8 mm. Lat. 30° 43/8., long. 21° 36/

W., Sept. 18th, 1901 (N. of Tristan da Cunha), one female,

7mm. Lat. 37° 332’ S., long. 6° 09’ E., Sept. 29th, 1901

(between ‘Tristan da Cunha and the Cape of Good Hope),

two females, 7 mm.

Amphipoda Hyperiidea collected by the ‘ Discovery. 255

Distribution. Tropical and subtropical Atlantic and Pacific

(Bovallius) ; Florida Stream, Sargasso Sea, Guinea Stream,

and the N. and 8. Equatorial currents (Vosseler); off Sierra

Leone (Stebbing) ; the Mediterranean (Chevreux).

Family Hyperiide.

Genus Hyperta, Latreille.

Hyperia galba (Montagu).

Locality. Off Madeira, one female, 18 mm.

Distribution. Arctic region of Atlantic and the Bank of

Newfoundland (Bovallius and Vosseler) ; N.andS. temperate

Atlantic, the tropical Atlantic, the Baltic Sea, and the Medi-

terranean (Bovallius).

In addition, it has a widespread distribution around the

British and Irish coasts,

Lyperia vosseleri, Stebbing.

Lestrigonus fabret, Milne-Edwards.

Hyperia fabret, Bovallius, 1889.

Hyperia vosseleri, Stebbing, 1904.

Locality. Lat. 15° 453’ S., long. 33° 114’ W., Sept. 10th,

1901 (near Bahia), male and female, 3 mm.

Distribution. ‘Vropical Atlantic, Caribbean Sea, and the

Indian Ocean (Bovallius) ; the coast of Algeria (Chevreuz) ;

Florida Stream, Sargasso Sea, Guinea Stream, and W. and

S. Equatorial currents (Vosseler).

Hyperia luzont, Stebbing.

Hyperia luzoni, Stebbing, 1888,

Localities. Lat. 18° 59 S., long. 34° 35’ W., Sept. 9th,

1901 (near Bahia), one male, 3mm. Lat. obs, 28° 25/ Si,

long. 23°56’ W., Sept. 17th, 1901 (N. of Tristan da Cunha),

one male, 4 mm. Lat. 56° 30/ S., long, 169°. 30' E.,

Dec. 19th (S. of New Zealand), one male, 4 mm.

The last locality is the most southerly yet recorded for the

species.

Distribution. China Sea, the Philippines (Stebbing, 1888) ;

Sargasso Sea, N.and S. Equatorial currents (Vosseler) ; Bay

of Biscay (Stebbing, 1904).

Hyperia schizogeneios, Stebbing.

Hyperta schizogeneios, Stebbing, 1888.

Hyperia schizogeneios, Boyallius, 1889.

256 Miss D. A. Stewart on the Extra-Antarctic

Locality. Lat. obs. 13° 59’ S., long. 34° 35’ W., Sept. 9th,

1901 (near Bahia), one female, 2°5 mm.

Distribution. ‘Tropical Atlantic (Bovallius) ; the temperate

Atlantic and the Mediterranean (Chevreux) ; the Equatorial

currents, the Gulf of Guinea, and the Gulf Stream (Vosseler).

Genus HYPERIELLA, Bovallius.

Hyperiella antarctica, Bovallius.

Hyperiella antarctica, Bovallius, 1887 (1) & 1889,

Hyperiella antarctica, Stebbing, 1888.

Locality. Lat. 56° 30’ S., long. 169° 30’ E., Dec. 19th,

1903, one male, 8 mm., at surface in dredge. Temp. of

air 40°, sea 107° Fahr.

This form agrees in general appearance and in structural

details with the description of HH. antarctica given by

Bovallius (1889), and the form of the uropods particularly is in

close agreement with his figure. It is curious, however, to

notice the presence of distinct spines on the three segments of

the metasome, a character quoted by Stebbing (1888) as being

representative of H. dilatata.

It may also be remarked that Walker (1907) has recorded

the capture of H. dilatata from the winter-quarters of the

‘Discovery? Expedition.

Distribution. '‘Vhe American Antarctic region, lat. 58° 40’S.,

long. 76° W. (Bovallius).

Genus HYPERIOIDES, Chevreux.

Hyperioides longipes, Chevreux.

Hyperioides longipes, Chevreux, 1900.

Locality. Lat. 37° 332’ 8., long. 6° 09’ E., Sept. 29th,

1901 (near Tristan da Cunha), eight examples, 5-7 mm.

This record of the occurrence of the species indicates a

considerable southerly extension of its geographical range.

Distribution. Temperate and tropical Atlantic (Chevreux

and Vosseler) ; the Mediterranean (Vosseler and Chevreuz) ;

Bay of Biscay (Stebbing); W. coast of Ireland (Walker and

Tattersall).

Genus EuTHEMISTO, Bovallius.

Euthemisto bispinosa, Boeck.

Locality. Lat. 35° 10’ 8., long. 13° 40’ W., Sept. 22nd,

1901 (near Tristan da Cunha), one female, 13 mm.

Amphipoda Hyperiidea collected by the‘ Discovery.” 257

Distribution. General throughout the N. Atlantic and

Arctic Oceans and the North Sea.

Its occurrence, therefore, in these latitudes is interesting

as being the most southerly yet recorded.

Euthemisto compressa, Goés.

Localities. Lat. 35° 10’ S., long. 13° 40’ W., Sept. 22nd,

1901, eleven specimens, average length 14mm. Lat. D.R.

36° 272’ S., long. 8° 20’ W., Sept. 24th, 1901 (near Tristan

da Cunha), numerous small specimens, average length 6-5 mm.

Distribution, General in the N. Atlantic and Arctic Oceans

and the North Sea.

Several small specimens of an Euthemisto were taken at

the following locality :—

Lat. 62° 8’ S., long. 170° 45/ E., Dec. 22nd, 1903, at the

surface,

These are in such bad condition that it is impossible to

identify them with any certainty ; but in all probability they

belong to E. gaudichaudii, Guérin, which has been recorded

by Walker (1907) from lat. 54° 01/ S., long. 170° 49’ E., to

lat. 63° 04’ 8., long. 175° 43’ E.

Genus PARATHEMISTO, Boeck.

Parathemisto oblivia, Kroyer.

Locality. Lat. 15° 452/ S., long. 33° 111’ W.,, Sept. 9th,

1901, one female, 3°5 mm.

The specimen is considerably damaged, and igs conse-

quently difficult to identify with any certainty.

Distribution. Arctic region, Greenland, W. coast of

Norway, and N. temperate region ; coast of Great Britain

(Bovallius) ; Gulf Stream (Vosseler) ; Bay of Biscay (Sted-

bing) ; coast of France and Spain (Chevreux).

Family Phrosinide, Stebbing.

Genus Purosina, Risso.

Phrosina semilunata, Risso.

Localities. Off Madeira, an adult female and two young

specimens. Lat. 35° 141’ §,, long. 15° 113’ E., Oct. 10th,

1901 (near the Cape of Good Hope), two females.

Distribution. Atlantic, Mediterranean, Indian Ocean, and

258 Miss D. A. Stewart on the Latra-Antarctic

Pacific (Bovallius) ; Gulf of Florida, Sargasso Sea, N. Equa-

torial current, Gulf of Guinea, and the Gulf Stream (Vos-

seler); Atlantic Ocean, around the Azores (Chevreu’).

Genus Primno, Guérin.

Primno macropa, Guérin.

Euprimno macropus, Bovallius, 1887 (1).

Primno macropa, Stebbing, 1904.

Locality. Lat. D.R. 36° 273'S., long. 8° 20’ W., Sept. 24th,

1901 (near Tristan da Cunha), one female, 6 mm.

Distribution. Tropical and subtropical regions of the

Atlantic and Pacific, the Indian Ocean, the Australian

Antarctic region (Bovallius) ; S. Pacific (Stebling, 1888) ;

the North Atlantic (Chevreux and Vosseler) ; Bay of Biscay

(Stebbing, 1904).

Genus ANCHYLOMERA, Milne-Edwards.

Anchylomera blossevillei, Milne-Hdwards.

Locality. Lat. 19° 13’ S., long. 39° 35’ W., Sept. 12th,

1901 (ear Bahia), female, 775 mm.

Distribution. The Atlantic, Mediterranean, Indian Ocean,

the Pacific, and the Antarctic region (Bovallius) ; N. Atlantic

(Vosseler and Chevreuz).

Family Typhide, Dana.

Genus PLATYSCELUS, Spence Bate.

Platyscelus armatus, Claus.

Eutyphis armatus, Claus, 1879.

Eutyphis armatus, Bovallius, 1887 (1).

Locality. Lat. 15° 453’ S., long. 33° 113’ W., Sept. 9th,

1901 (near Bahia), male and female, 2 mm.

Distribution. Atlantic and Indian Oceans, coast of Chili and

Zanzibar (Claus); N. Pacitic and N. Atlantic (Stebbing).

In addition the collection contains one specimen with the

label missing, which I judge to be P. armatus, var. inermis.

This form lacks the characteristic projection of the fifth

epimeral plate, and the structure of the gnathopods differs

slightly from the description of Claus, the metacarpus of the

second pair being acutely narrowed at the apex, not rounded

as in Claus’s figure (1887).

Amphipoda Hyperiidea collected by the ‘ Discovery.’ 2:

Genus Hemitypuis, Claus.

Hemityphis tenuimanus, Claus.

Hemityphis tenuimanus, Claus, 1879.

Dithyrus tenuimanus, Boyallius, 1887 (1).

Hemityphis tenuimanus, Claus, 1887.

Hemityphis tenuimanus, Stebbing, 1888.

Localities. Lat. 35° 10' S., long. 13° 40’ W., Sept. 22nd,

1901 (near Tristan da Cunha), one male, 5 mm. Lat.

15° 453’ S., long. 33° 114’ W. , Sept. 10th, 1901 (near Bahia),

one, immature.

Distribution. Atlantic Ocean and the Cape of Good Hope

(Claus) ; the Pacific Ocean and the N. Atlantic (Stebbing) ;

off the Azores (Chevreuz).

Genus PARATYPHIS, Claus.

Paratyphis parvus, Claus.

Paratyphis parvus, Claus, 1887.

Locality. Lat. obs. 13° 59’S8., long. 34° 35’ W., Sept. 9th,

1901; one female, 3 mm.

Distribution. Lagos, the Atlantic Ocean (Claus) ; off the

Azores (Chevreux).

The above is therefore the most southerly record yet

obtained for this species.

Family Scelide, Claus.

Genus HEMISCELUS, nov.

First and second gnathopods with the carpal joint produced

so that both limbs are subcheliform.

Laminar basal joint of the sixth leg without a sickle-shaped

slit.

Seventh leg elongate and completely developed.

As I had only a single specimen at my disposal, the

mouth-organs were not dissected out.

In many respects this form closely approaches Schizo-

scelus ornatus, Claus; but the possession of a subcleliform

first gnathopod serves to distinguish it. Another point of

difference is the absence of the pocket-like slit on the first

joint of the sixth leg, which is so characteristic a feature of

Schizoscelus.

A cursory examination of the gnathopods might induce

one to regard the present specimen as a member of the

260 Miss D. A. Stewart on the Extra- Antarctic

Typhide, but the structure of the seventh leg is totally

unlike that of any representative of this family with which

it might otherwise be confused. ‘The general shape of the

body, the structure of the appendages, and formation of the

uropods and telson seem to indicate that it occupies a position

intermediate between the genera Huscelus and Schizoscelus,

approaching the former in the shape of the gnathopods and

the latter in the general form of the urosome and telson.

Hemiscelus diplochelatus, gen. et sp. n.

(Pl. VIL. figs. 1-9.)

Locality. Lat. obs. 15° 453' S., long. 33° 114’ W., Sept.

10th, 1901 (near Bahia), one female, 2 mm.

Body broad and stoutly built, pereion slightly arched.

Head short, flattened in front, slightly deeper than the

anterior thoracic segments.

Eyes large, not reaching to the dorsal surface of the head.

Coxal plates sharply distinct from the thoracic segments,

rectangular in shape, with the hinder corners sharply

produced backwards.

First gnathopods (Pl. VII. fig. 1) with the basal joint about

as long as the rest of the limb together and having one

small seta on the anterior border; merus not produced ;

carpus broad, with five small sete on the hinder margin ;

carpal projection minutely serrated, about half as long as the

propodus ; dactylus stout, slightly curved, about one-third of

the length of the propodus.

Second gnathopods (Pl. VII. fig. 2) with the branchial

vesicle oval, slightly broader than the basal joint, but not

quite as long; basal jot narrow and almost rectangular,

considerably longer than that of the preceding pair ; merus

somewhat broader than the third joint, having the two ante-

rior corners slightly produced, and a long subapical seta on

the hind margin ; carpal projection serrated, almost as long

as the propodus ; dactylus slender, tapering to a fine point,

and strongly curved.

Third and fourth pairs of legs (Pl. VII. figs. 3 & 4) with

the branchial vesicles slightly longer than the linear basal

joint ; merus somewhat widened in the distal portion ; carpus

shorter than the merus, lower front corner not produced ;

propodus slightly curved, narrower than the carpus ; dactylus

stout and strongly curved.

Fifth pair of legs (Pl. VII. fig. 5) having the basal joint

longer than in the third and fourth, and broadly ovate, with

Amphipoda Hyperidea collected by the ‘ Discovery. 261

the front margin descending below the hind margin; third

joint very short; merus slightly longer than the carpus and

widest in its middle portion ; propodus abruptly narrowed

and slightly curved ; dactylus slender and tapering, equal in

length to the propodus.

Siath patr of legs (P|. VII. fig. 6) with the last three joints

missing in the present specimen; basal joint broad and

laminar, considerably longer than that of the preceding pair,

and slightly wider in the upper than in the lower portion;

posterior margin more convex than the anterior ; merus

about equal in length to the third joint, widening somewhat

towards its lower border.

Seventh pair of legs (Pl. VII. fig. 7) about equal in length

when in a folded position to the basal joint of the sixth pair,

and very slenderly built ; basal joint not quite so long as

the remaining ones and narrowing somewhat towards the

distal end ; merus considerably longer than the two following

joints together and slightly broader than either ; carpus and

propodus almost equal in size, the latter having a small

hooked finger at its apex (Pl. VII. fig. 8).

Pleopods with the peduncles shorter than the rami.

Uropods having all the rami comparatively smooth, with

the exception of a few minute pectinations around the apices.

Peduncles of the first pair equal in length to the rami;

rami lanceolate, reaching below the telson.

Peduncles of the second pair longer than the rami; inner

ramus almost twice as long and slightly broader than the

outer.

Pedunceles of the third pair slightly shorter than the inner

ramus ; inner ramus twice as long and fully twice as broad

as the outer.

Telson (PI. VII. fig. 9) broadly triangular, with rounded

apex and minutely pectinated margin.

Genus SCHIZOSCELUS, Claus.

Schizoscelus ornatus, Claus.

Schizoscelus ornatus, Claus, 1879.

Locality. Lat. 13° 59’ 8., long. 34° 35’ W., Sept. 9th,

1901, one female.

Distribution. The Atlantic Ocean (Claus) ; the Philippine

Islands (Stebbing); between the Azores and Newfoundland

(Chevreur).

Ann. &: May. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xii. 19

262 Miss D. A. Stewart on the Evtra- Antarctic

Family Pronoide.

Genus Eupronos, Claus.

Eupronoé armata, Claus.

Eupronoé armata, Claus, 1879.

Localities. Lat. D.R. 10° 32’ 8., long. 32°29’ W., Sept. 7th,

1901, one male, 8 mm., and two females (immature). Lat.

13° 59 8., long. 34° 35’ W., Sept. 9th, 1901, two females,

3mm.

The specimens from the latter locality resemble EL. armata

in the general shape of the body and appendages, but differ

in the form of the seventh leg, which has the terminal joint

elongate.

It is possible that they may be forms of L. intermedia,

Stebbing, but I prefer to regard them as immature /. armata.

Distribution. Atlantic Ocean, Zanzibar (Claus) ; the

Azores (Chevreuaz). Walker has recently reported its capture

in the Indian Ocean.

Family Lyceide.

Genus BRACHYSCELUS, Spence Bate.

Brachyscelus crusculum, Spence Bate.

Thamyris mediterranea, Claus, 1879.

Locality. Lat. 28° 25’ S., long.. 23° 56’ W., Sept. 17th,

1901 (N. of Tristan da Cunha), one male, 6*5 mm.

Distribution. Mediterranean (Claus, Chevreux, and Vos-

seler) ; the Atlantic (Stebbing and Chevreux) ; N. Pacific

(Stebbing) ; West coast of Ireland (Walker and Tattersall).

The present locality, therefore, would appear to be the

most southerly yet recorded for the species.

Genus Lycaa, Dana.

Lycea vincentii, Stebbing.

Lycea vincentti, Stebbing, 1888.

Localities. Off Madeira, one male, length 8 mm. Lat,

13° 59’ S., long. 34° 35' W., Sept. 9th, 1901, young female,

2°5 mm,

This specimen agrees very well with Stebbing’s figures of

L. vincentii, especially as regards the structure of the seventh

leg.

"The characters separating L. vincentii, Stebbing, from

Amphipoda Hyperiidea collected by the ‘ Discovery.’ 263

L. robusta, Claus, and ZL, pulex, Marion, to judge from

published descriptions and figures, do not seem very con-

vincing, and I have been led to refer my specimen to

L. vincentit mainly because the locality of capture agrees

with that of the type, rather than because I am convinced of

its separate specific identity from L. robusta and L. pulex.

Distribution. Off St. Vincent and the Cape Verde Islands

(Stebbing).

Lycea sp.

Locality. Lat. 15° 454’ 8., long. 33° 11)’ W., Sept. 10th,

1901, one female. .

In this specimen the entire urus is missing, so that it is

impossible to identify it with any certainty. In all proba-

bility it is Z. vincentit.

Family Oxycephalidez, Spence Bate. ~

Genus STREETSIA, Stebbing.

Streetsta washingtoni, Senna ?

Locality. Lat. 19° 13’8., long. 39° 35’ W., Sept. 12th,

1901 (S. Atlantic, between Bahia and Rio de Janeiro), one

male, 19 mm.

In many respects this form approaches closely to S. steb-

bing’, Chevreux (1900), but it differs in several important

points, chief amongst which are: (1) the presence of serrations

on the under margin of the head ; (2) the inferior margin of

the propodus ef the first gnathopod is minutely serrated,

whereas in S. stebbingi it bears four large teeth; (3) the

carpus of the first gnathopod has four large teeth on the

palmar margin, instead of only one, and the teeth on the

propodus are more pronounced ; (4) the inner distal corner of

the peduncle of the second uropod is produced into a tooth

instead of being rounded.

In general appearance and in the structure of the appendages

the specimen is in close agreement with S. washingtoni,

Senna (1902), but here, again, minor differences occur: (1) the

serrations on the rostrum cover a considerably larger area

than is represented in Senna’s figure, extending at least to

the commencement of the eye ; (2) the first gnathopod has

several minute serrations on the inferior margin of the pro-

podus; (3) the teeth on the propodus of the second gnatho-

pod are more pronounced than those of Senna’s specimen.

The rami of the uropods are unfortunately missing, and

19*

264 Miss D. A. Stewart on the Extra-Antaretic

they are a feature which might have materially assisted in

the identification.

The only other known species possessing a serrated ros-

trum is 8. challengeri, Stebbing (1888), but the form of the

urosome in the ‘ Discovery’ specimen is totally different

from that of the former, the last ural segment being approxi-

mately equal in length to the telson, whereas that of

S. challengeri is only half as long as the telson.

On the whole, the specimen is far more in agreement with

S. washington? than with either of the other forms, and I am

inclined to regard it as representing that species.

Distribution. The Mediterranean (Senna).

Genus DorycEePHALUS, Bovallius.

Dorycephalus hndstrémt, Bovallius.

Leptocotis lindstroemt, Bovallius, 1887 (1).

Dorycephalus lindstroemt, Bovallius, 1890.

Locality. Lat. 19° 13’ S., long. 39°35 W., Sept. 12th,

1901, one male, 10°5 mm.

Distribution. Subtropical region of the Atlantic (Bo-

vallius) ; the North Atlantic (Chevreux).

Bibliography. |

(1) Barr and Westwoop. 1868-8. History of British Sessile-eyed

Crustacea, vol. ii.

(2) Bovaturius, C. 1885. “On some Forgotten Genera among the

Amphipodous Crustacea.” Bih, Kongl. Svensk. Vet.-Akad.

Handl., vol. x., no. 14.

(3) ——. 1887 (1). ‘Systematical List of Amphipoda Hyperiidea.”

Bih. Kong]. Svensk, Vet.-Akad. Handl., vol. xi, no. 16,

(4) 1887 (2). ‘ Contributions to a Monograph of the Amphi-

poda Hyperiidea, Part I.” Kongl. Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl.,

vol. xxi., no. 5.

1889. ‘Contributions to a Monograph of the Amphipoda

Hyperiidea, Part Il.” Kongl. Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl.,

VOle XXIN.e NOne =

1890. “The Oxycephalids.” Noy. Act. Reg. Soc. Upsala,

(5)

(S)) Ges

iii.

(7) CHEvREUXx,Ep. 1900. ‘“Amphipodes de ‘l’Hirondelle,’” Résult.

Camp. Scient. Monaco, fasc. xvi.

(8) 1915. ‘Sur quelques intéressantes espéces d’Amphipodes

provenant des parages de Monaco et des péches pélagiques de la

‘ Princesse-Alice’ et de ‘1’ Hirondelle II.’ en Méditerranée.” Bull.

de l'Institut Océanographique, no. 262.

(9) Cuavus, C. 1879. ‘ Die Gattungen und Arten der Platysceliden.”

Arbeit. des Zool. Inst. zu Wien, vol. ii.

(10) 1887. ‘ Die Platysceliden.’

(11) Marton, A. F. 1874. ‘ Animauxsinférieurs du Golfe de Marseille.”

Annales des Sciences naturelles, sér, vi., tom. i.

Amphipoda Hyperiidea collected by the * Discovery.’ 265

(12) Senna, A. 1902. “Le Esplorazioni Abissali nel Mediterraneo

del KR. Piroscafo Washington nel 1881.—I. Nota sugli Oxi-

cefalidi.” Boll. Soc. Entom. Ital., Anno xxxiy,

(13) Sresppine, T. R. R. 1888. ‘Challenger’ Amphipoda Reports,

Zool, vol. xxix.

(144) ——. 1904. “ Biscayan Plankton.—Part II. Amphipoda and

Cladocera.” Trans. Linn. Soc. London, ser. ii., vol. x., part 2.

(15) TarrersaLLt, W.M. 1906. “Pelagic Amphipoda of the Irish

Atlantic Slope.” Fisheries, Ireland, Sci. Invest., 1905, iv.

(16) VossELeR, J. 1901. ‘ Die Amphipoden der Plankton Expedition.’

(17) Watxkrr, A. O. 1903. “Report on the Amphipoda of the

‘Oceana.’” Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. xii.

(18) 1907. ‘‘ Crustacea (Amphipoda) of the ‘ Discovery’ Ant-

arctic Expedition.”

(19) 1909. ‘Amphipoda Hyperiidea of the ‘Sealark’ Expe-

dition to the Indian Ocean.” ‘Trans. Linn. Soc. London, ser. ii.,

vol. xiii., part 1.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

PratTE LV.

Vibilia serrata, sp. n., male, lateral view. X 20.

Prate V.

Vibilia serrata, sp. n.

Fig. 1. Male, first antenna. x 64.

Fig.2. ,, second antenna. x 64.

Fig. 3. ,, first gnathopod. x 64.

Fig. 4. ,, second gnathopod. x 64.

Fig.5. ,, seventhleg. x 64.

Fig. 6. ,, telson and uropods. x 60,

Puate VI.

Vibilia hodgsont, sp. nu.

5, terminal joints of the seventh leg. x 3800.

,, telson and uropods. x 64,

Fig. 1. Head and first segments of male, lateral view. x 64.

Fig. 2. Male, first gnathopod. x 64.

Fig.3. ,, second gnathopod. x 64.

Fig.4. ,, seventhleg. x 64.

‘tg. 5. ,, terminal joints of the seventh leg. x 300.

Fig. 6. ,, urosome, telson, and uropods, x 64.

PuatE VIL.

Hemiscelus diplochelatus, gen, et sp. n.

Fig. 1. Female, first gnathopod. x 64.

Fig. 2. » second gnathopod. x 64.

Fig. 3. 39) ti pure legy, 53k) 64.

Fig. 4. fourthleg. x 64.

Fig. 5. » fifthleg. x 64.

Fig. 6. » .Saxth Teg.” x" G4:

Fig. 7. », seventh leg. x 64.

ig. 8.

. 9.

266 Mr. B. F. Cummings on the

XXX.—Note on the Crop in the Mallophaga and on the

Arrangement and Systematic Value of the Crop-Teeth. By

Bruce F. CuMMINGs.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

DuRING an examination for description* of the interesting

parasite Zrimenopon echinoderma, Cummings, a row of

strongly developed teeth was observed in specimens passed

through caustic potash and mounted in Canada balsam,

occupying a position in the abdomen at about the level where

the proventriculus might be deemed to lie. Reference to

Snodgrass’s papert on the anatomy of the Mallophaga

showed that no proventriculus has been found to exist in this

order. On dissection it became quite clear that in fact no

portion of the base of the crop (or ingluvies) is constricted off

as a gizzard either in the Ischnocera or in the other suborder,

the Amblycera. Yet the base of the crop of the Amblycera

in the genera ffeterodoxus, Trimenopon, Lemobothrium,

Colpocephalum, Menopon, Trinoton, Boopia, Niteschia, and

Gyropus, and probably in the remaining genera, possesses a

circular row of beautiful proventricular teeth, so that, func-

tionally, a proventriculus may be said to be present in this

suborder. There are scattered teeth in the crop of the

Ischnocera, but they occupy a different area of the crop,

which in the Ischnocera is highly specialized.

The crop presents three types of structure in the Mailo-

phaga. One form—the Amblyceran—is simple in_ being

just an expansion of the lower part of the cesophagus. The

second, represented by the majority of the Ischnocera,

Snodgrass describes as complicated by a lateral and back-

ward prolongation, so as to form a large expanded diverticulum

of the cesophagus. The third type, present in the Ischno-

ceran family ‘Trichodectide, has the remarkable form of a

large sac connected with the lower end of the cesophagus by

a Jong narrow neck.

Mor phologically the crop is simply an expanded portion of

the cesophagus. It is large in locusts and most other

Orthoptera and in most adult Coleoptera. It may or may

not be followed by the proventriculus, which is present and

well developed in many carnivorous Coleoptera, in fleas, ants,

and Cynips. In fact, the alimentary canal is a notoriously

unsafe guide in phylogeny, although the arrangement of the

teeth in the proventriculus has been used systematically in

* Bulletin for Entomological Research, May 1918.

+ Occas. Papers Cal. Acad. of Sci. vi. 1899, p. 145.

Crop in the Mallophaga. 267

ants * and in the Odonata Zygopterat. In the Amblycera

the crop-teeth assume characteristic forms in the different

genera, and could be used with advantage in classification, as

they are of generic if not specific value, and, as a rule, are

easily visible through the integument in mounted specimens

prepared with caustic potasb.

The following is a short description of the position and

nature of these teeth in different genera.

—

KY)

Fig./.

Sketch of alimentary canal of Goniodes falcicornis.

a, cesophagus ; b, ventriculus; ¢, crop; d, patch of teeth.

ISCHNOCERA.

The crop in the Trichodectide is apparently devoid of

teeth. I have carefully examined with a high power the

* Sharpe, D., Camb, Nat. Hist., Insects, part i. p. 125.

+ Higgins, Helen T., Proc. Nat. Sci. of Philadelphia, Jan. 1901.

268 Mr. B. F. Cummings on the

mounted specimens of the genus Trichodectes in the collection

of the British Museum, but no trace of teeth could be found.

In the crop of Goniodes falcicornis (fig. 1, p. 267) there isa

patch of small teeth in the anterior diverticulum of the crop (@).

‘The teeth are arranged in short scattered rows of two, three,

or four, and are short, sharp, and stout, with enlarged bases.

The lining of the crop is grooved longitudinally, and along

each groove is a row of wide-spaced, short, minute hairs.

This patch of teeth in the anterior cecum of the crop is

characteristic of the Ischnocera. I find similar patches in

the same areas in Nirmus (NV. prodicepis, D., N. fuscus, N.,

N. dixocephalus, N.), Goniodes stylifer, N., G. colchicus, D.,

Dochophorus alcedinis, D., and Lipeurus ferog, Gieb. (fig. 2).

Fig. 2.—Sketch of the upper part of the alimentary canal of Lepewrus

Cron.

Fig. 83.—Sketch of the upper part of the alimentary canal of Hetero-

doxus longitarsus.

a, esophagus; 6, ventriculus; c, crop; d, patch of teeth.

Crop in the Mallophaga. 269

AMBLYCERA.

Heterodoxus longitarsus (Piaget) (fig. 3).—The crop is

rather smal), and the ventriculus, which follows, is parallel-

sided, without anterior ceca. ‘The teeth, situated in front of

the opening into the ventriculus, point backwards, and are

rather long, tapering, fairly broad, and numerous, arranged

ina single row. In Trimenopon echinoderma there is a row

of teeth of similar shape in the same position. But poste-

riorly there lie two chitinous flattened lobes, the free ends of

the flaps being anterior and the two flaps being side by side,

with a narrow longitudinal space between. The free pro-

Jecting edges of the flaps possess a single row of minute

denticles.

Lemobothrium titan, P.—The teeth are here grouped in

two brush-like patches, one on each side of the base of the

crop. The teeth are long, thin, round, acicular, curved,

and closely set.

Trinoton luridum, N.—The teeth in this species are more

developed than in any other genera I have examined up to

the present. Seen in situ they please the eye with their

beautiful symmetry of arrangement and their sabre-like

shape. As usual they consist of a single row situated around

the base of the crop, rather densely packed and of a dark

brown colour. Hach tooth is long (about *14 mm.), curved,

flat, blade-like, parallel-sided, and at the base has a back-

wardly projecting sharp spur, which no doubt constitutes the

place of attachment of the tooth to the lining of the crop.

Just behind the row of teeth there are two patches, one on

either side, of scattered teeth of quite a different character.

These are long, curved, and round, of a white-coloured chitin.

The rest of the crop shows numerous minute scattered bristles

or teeth of a clear white chitin, the bases of which appear to

be forked, suggesting sponge-spicules.

Function.

Plateau, who was able to speak with authority on the

digestive arrangements of insects, formed the opinion that

the proventricular teeth are used for straining rather than for

masticating food. In the Amblycera it seems improbable

that the teeth have any masticatory function, as they are

long, slender, and sharp, and their development is not corre-

lated with powerful muscular folds. In the Ischnocera the

short scattered teeth may be of assistance in clearing out the

food which collects in the anterior cecum, where they are

situated.

270 On a new Glossophagine Bat from Colombia.

It has been suggested that some Mallophaga, such as

Tetrophtalmus titan (P.), which is found firmly attached to

the skin of the pelican’s pouch, live on blood. This, if

authenticated, is interesting when it is remembered that the

Anoplura, true blood-sucking parasites, are, perhaps, in their

descent Mallophaga which have taken to sucking blood.

A transition from hair- and feather-feeding to gnawing at

the epidermis of the skin is easily conceived, when, as soon

as blood is extravasated, it can be easily imagined how a

further change in feeding-habits came about.

It is a pity that more is not known of the bionomics and

feeding-habits of the Mallophaga.

XXXI.—A new Genus of Glossophagine Bat from Colombia.

By OLDFIELD THOMAS.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

LIONYCTERIS, g. n.

Allied to Lonchophylla, but the premolars without the

characteristic Glossophagine elongation.

Interfemoral membrane well developed ; tail reaching half-

way to the back of the membrane.

Skull in general shape as in Glossophaga, the rostrum

much shorter than in Lonchophylla. Zygomata imperfect.

Palate extremely concave, domed, more so even than in

Lonchophylia, its shape posteriorly much as in the latter

genus, though it is less elongate. Basisphenoid pits present.

Dental formula I. 3, C.;, PM. 3: M.3x2=34, as in

Glossophaga and Lonchophylla.

Upper teeth. Incisors disproportionate in size, as in

Lonchophylla, the inner pair conspicuously longer than the

outer, spatulate. Canines like those of Lonchophylla, but

shorter. Premolars uot narrowed and elongated horizontally,

but more like those of ordinary Vampyrt, the anterior one

some little way from the canine, slender, pointed, unicuspid,

its height greater than its horizontal diameter ; posterior

premolar triangular, pointed, with a small internal basal lobe

and inconspicuous posterior basal cusp. Molars about as in

Glossophaga, m® less extended transversely.

Lower teeth. Incisors well developed, subequal, tricuspid.

Canines rather weak. Premolars evenly increasing in size

On Ephemeride from Tropical Africa. 271

backwards, their vertical greater than their horizontal dia-

meter, triangular, pointed, with a high main cusp and the

anterior and posterior secondary cusps quite low. In

Glossophaga and Lonchophylla the lower premolars are

elongate horizontally, especially the anterior one, which

exceeds the second, and their secondary cusps are pro-

portionally much more developed.

Ty pe :—

Lionycteris spurrelli, sp. n.

Size and general appearance about as in Glossophaga

soricina. Colour above bistre, the bases of the hairs darker

and greyer, the ends paler, near “snuff-brown”; under

surface rather paler, near “ olive-brown ” (Ridgway, 1912).

In other Glossophagine the bases of the hairs are lighter

than the tips. Ears and nose-leaf apparently as in Glosso-

phaga soricina.

Skull and teeth as described above,

Dimensions of the type (the italicized measurements taken

in the flesh) :—

Forearm 33 mm. (Specimen immature.)

Head and body 49; tail 7; ear 13; lower leg and hind

foot (c. u.) 23.

Skull: greatest length 18-7; condylo-basal length 17°5 ;

interorbital breadth 3:7; breadth ‘across brain-case 8;

palatal length 8-4; front of canine to back of m3 GeEs

breadth between outer corners of m? 4:8,

Hab. Condoto, Choco, Colombia. Alt. 300!.

Type. Immature male (teeth unworn, outer incisors not

fully erupted, and milk-incisor still present). B.M. no.

13. 8.10.1. Original number 314. Collected 10th May,

1913, by Dr. H. G. F. Spurrell. One specimen.

This genus, while clearly most related to Lonchophylla

and Glossophaga, is readily recognizable by its quite normal

and unmodified premolars, which have nothing of the peculiar

horizontal lengthening of those of other Glossophagine.

Even by its colour Lionycteris spurrelli is distinguishable

from its allies, as other Glossophagine bats have light bases

to the fur, while here the bases are darker than the tips.

XXXII.—Ephemeride from Tropical Africa.

By the Rev. A. E. Raton, M.A., F.E.S.

REPORTING upon thirteen specimens of May-flies received

from the British Museum of Natural History last July, it may

be remarked that most of the species represented are in

212 Rev. A. E. Eaton on

many instances solitary specimens, more or less defective,

that have been relaxed and spread out, and by being thus

treated have suffered loss of, or detriment to, their body-

markings. Where it was not justifiable in such circumstances

to name an insect as a species, it has been deemed desirable

to name as nearly as possible the genus to which it should be

referred, noting, by illustration or description, characteristics

likely to aid in the recognition of other specimens of the

same species of flies from at least the identical localities.

Some wings, detached, have been mounted in Canada balsam,

to enable them to be examined and figured as to neuration.

Hind wings of dried May-flies are apt to be shrivelled up ;

if detached and let fall upon hot water they can usually be

induced to unfold (with the exception of the marginal area)

on the surface of the water. Taken up from that on thin

glass or a feather, while thus expanded, they can, while

moist, be floated off from it on to distilled water and cleaned

without being submerged. Then, transferred in a similar

manner to a prepared cover-glass for the object to be mounted

for the microscope (already in position on the centring-card,

and with bits of distance-glass in position, as well as the space

for the object duly moistened), the wing can be adjusted upon

the glass, and the ordinary method of preparation be com-

pleted. No attempt to submerge the wing afloat should be

made prior to its being hardened in spirits.

ELASSONEURIA, Etn. (1881).

Related to Oligoneuria, Pictet (1843-5).

Elassoneuria candida, sp. 0.

?Subimago ¢ (dried)—Wings dull, light, transparent

smoky grey, with the stronger veins and cross-veins opaque,

light sepia-grey. Cross-veins in the marginal area simple

and indefinite (this area folded over) ; below the vein R' 13,

within the sectorial fork 7, and 13 very faint and whitish

below this fork and its stem. Epinotal prolongations of the

wing-membranes, reaching to the base of the third dorsal

segment, blackish. Dorso-lateral points of the ninth abdo-

minal segment extend rather beyond the insertions of the

caudal sete. Last ventral plate, on each side of its terminal

sinus, produced into a subacute point. Markings of the

thorax and abdomen similar in character to those of the

imago.

Ephemeride from Tropical Africa. 273

Adult 2 (dried)—Wings white ; the stronger veins and

cross-veins whity-brown ; but the faint traces of finer obso-

lescent neuration between the strong veins subopaque white.

Epinotal subulate continuations decurrent from the fore

wing, defective, but also white. Cross-veinlets in the mar-

ginal area straight and simple, about 27 in number; 9 below

R‘ and 10 within the sectorial fork. Thorax largely eaten

out by cabinet-pests ; mesonotum brown ochreous, intersected

lengthwise by a fine median black suture ; scutum edged at

the sides with whitish; this edging, opposite the fore wings,

widened and joined together across the dorsum by a narrow,

Elassoneuria candida, sp. n.

Neuration of wings, with obsolescent interneural reticulation.

subtransverse, slightly retiring whitish band ; prescutum, on

each side of the front margin of the segment, flanked by a

whitish spot or streak. Abdomen before oviposition dull

green, owing to the eggs, but afterwards light drab-colour,

with a narrow, black-bordered, medio-dorsal sepia-grey stripe

from the second segment to the tip of the penultimate.

Ventrally the nerve-ganglia and the nerve-chords for nearly

half their length in front of each ganglion are black. Caudal

sete defective, Roman-sepia, with blackish joinings ; the

joints very short.

Length of wing about 21 mm.

Hab. Nesha, 8. Nigeria (LZ. EZ. H. Humfrey, 1911),

no. O7.

Preparation of wings in Ca. balsam; Etn.

Potymirarcys, Etn. (1868).

Through misunderstanding a conversation with Dr. EB. Joly

274 Rev. A. E. Eaton on

of Toulouse in 1880, I wrongly coupled together a defective

subimago of P. virgo, Ol., and a nymph inhabiting the

Garonne, naming them Jolia roeseli in 1881. Professor Joly

could not show me the fly, which he had reared from nymphs

of that kind; but in 1905 an allied American species was

bred by Dr. J. G. Needham, Professor of Zoology at Lake

Forest College, N.Y., and was identified with the genus

named from the adult fly Chtrotonetes, Ktn. (1881). Simul-

taneously the nymph conjectured by me in that year to be a

Chirotonetes was shown by Dr. Needham to be an Ameletus,

Ktn. (1881).

Polymitarcys sp.

A subimago, 2 of a small species, deprived of caudal sete.

Fore wing, not fully extended, about 13 mm. long, dull,

white, shaded very lightly from the costa to the radius, and

the strongest of the longitudinal veins faintly tinged with

reddish-violet grey ; the remaining neuration whitish.

Hab. Laungeru, N. Nigeria’ (Nov. 1910) > J. We Scott

Macfie, 1911, 417. British Museum.

Prep. Part of hind wing in Ca. balsam ; Etn.

Polymitarcys sp.

? .—A larger insect than the preceding. Fore wing about

20 mm. long, dull, semitransparent, light warm sepia-grey,

with opaque neuration. Sete pilose.

Hab. Usangu District, German E. Africa (Nov. 29-

Dec. 15, 1910). Alt. 3500-4500 ft.; S. A. Neave, 1911,

17, 7, British Museum.

Prep. Hind wing in Ca. balsam; Etn.

Eruemera, Linn. (1746), restricted Leach (1815).

Species of this genus appear to be less constant in the

matter of wing-markings than has generally been supposed.

Specimens bred in cool waters are much alike ; but others of

the same species that have inhabited warmer lakes or ditches

might often be mistaken for quite different kinds at the first

glance, the spots in their wings being more numerous and

confluent, and the coloured edging of cross-veinlets broader

or more pronounced. Gregarine may even produce modifica-

tions of markings in the abdomen in individual flies.

Ephemera sp.

Imago ¢ (dried).— Wings of a talcose gloss, transparent,

tinted very faintly with a brownish adumbration, especially

Ephemeride from Tropical Africa. 275

visible in parts not flattened out near the subcosta of the

fore wing, and less strongly in a diffused cloud of moderate

width extending from the tip along the outer margin of

the hind wing; cross-veinlets also bordered narrowly with

the same faint tint. Neuration piceous. In the fore wing the

usual spots are almost obsolete, being represented only by a

faint nebulosity just discernible in the immediate vicinity of

the bifurcation of the median vein, and another even less

visible at the near end of the long intercalar vein included in

the cubital fork ; in the hind wing no spot can be seen. In

the figure both of the wings are incomplete, and cross-veinlets

in the costal area (roughly sketched) are omitted. Cabinet-

pests have left too little remaining of body, legs, and sete

for description, and the ¢ genitalia are ill displayed.

Approximate length of wing, 3 im. 13, 9 subim.15 mm.

To this species are referred four defective specimens —

1 ? subim., Nyasaland, Domira Bay, W. shore of Lake

Nyasa (18-21 Oct., 191 ), S. A. Neave; 2 g im., Uganda,

Entebbe (11-12 Aug., 1911), C. C. Goudey, 1912, 70, British

Museum; and 1 ¢ subim., Uganda Prot., Tero Forest,

S.E. Buddu, 3800 ft. (26-30 Dept. LIED), S.A, Neave,

Entomological Research Committee.

PENTAGENIA, Walsh (1863).

A genus known hitherto from N. America only.

Pentagenia sp. ?

Neuration of wings, incomplete.

? Pentagenia sp.

Subimago 9 (dried).— Wings dull, semitransparent, smoky

whitish, with black neuration ; the terminal margin outlined

276 Rev. A. E. Eaton on

with grey-black and skirted by a narrow edging of a smoky

tint shaded off inwards ; most of the longitudinal veins in the

hind wings white. Abdomen probably yellowish white,

with black markings, a somewhat serrated stripe on each

side of the dorsum being the principal. Fore legs opaque,

subluteous; hinder legs of a lighter yellow, especially the

tibies ; ungues and joinings of their tarsi dark.

Length of fore wing about 27 mm.

Hab. British E. Africa, Hala, Maramas Dist., 14 miles E.

of Mumias, 4500 feet alt. (June 18-21, 1911), S. A. Neave ;

1912, 20, British Museum.

HEXAGENIA, Walsh (1868).

All species previously known are natives of N. and 8S.

America and Asia respectively.

i ais i x25 im. PATS

Hexagenia (?) illestris, sp. n.

Abdomen from the side, showing lateral markings of the dorsum; the

median seta (rudimentary), part of a lateral seta, and a limb of the

3 forceps in dotted outline out of focus. Part of forceps; the

apical joint of one of them from a different standpoint ; and the base

in profile of an outer caudal seta, on a uniform larger scale than the

former detail.

Hexagenia illustris, sp. n.

Imago ¢ (dried).—Dorsum ivory-white down the middle,

with black lateral markings above the spiracular line on the

abdomen (see fig.) ; a broad fuscous stripe along each side of

the meta- and mesonotum, black on the pronotum, and the

pleura, below that, black as far as the insertions of the legs.

Head black ; the space between the antenne besides their

first two joints whitish. The abdomen has in addition a fine

abbreviated transverse line in the middle of the dorsal base

of segment 9, a small triangular spot in segment 8, and a

short acute triangular streak in segment 7, barely indicated

in segment 6, all in corresponding positions, blackish. Venter

spotless, except the joining at the base of segment 9, and, close

Eiphemeride from Tropical Africa. 207

to it, a short streak on each side of the nervous track ; also

its apical border and a spot at the roots of the genitalia

greyish or fuscescent. Forceps: limbs elongate, somewhat

darkened towards their extremities, and composed seemingly

of only a single minute joint terminating the long basal joint.

Wings transparent, vitreous, with light green and red-purple

iridescence ; fore wing in the costal and subcostal areas

tinged with light yellow-amber ; neuration black, excepting

the bases of the veins posterior to the radius and the shortest

venules of the anal group, and in the hind wing a large

proportion of the longitudinal veins and a few of the cross-

veinlets, which are whitish or not coloured. Fore legs

lutescent ; hinder legs flavescent or light yellow-amber, with

the femora towards the tips and the tarsi tinged with traces

of the former colour. Joints of the fore tarsus shortening

from the longest, second subequal to third, fourth, fifth, first ;

hinder tarsi fifth, third, fourth (first indistinct). Sete at the

roots light burnt-umber brown, their joinings darker and the

bases of the joints faintly tinged with the same, becoming

gradually lighter ; and then, in nearly their terminal halves,

the outer tails become piceous or bistre-brown.

Length of body about 25, fore wing 22, outer sete 65 mm. ;

median seta as long as the first two joints combined.

Hab. Uganda Protectorate, Mpanga Forest, 4800 ft.

(18-23 November, 1911), S. A. Neave.

Three small fragmentary flies can be placed in the group

of Kedyurus :—

A single ? subim., captured on a tent-fly 300 yards from

the river Mara-Mara, Liembwa Dist., Nyanza Prov., Brit. E.

Africa (12 Dec., 1911), C. M. Dobbs, no. 52.—Hind tarsus :

first joint longer than second and second longer than third

joint. Fore tarsus: first joint equal in length to second and

longer than third. Hind wings well developed. Femora

each with a short, acute, longitudinal, black, recurrent apical

streak near the lower edge, but no median dark band.

Affinities with Epeorus, Etn.

A single 2 imago from N.E. Rhodesia, Niamadzi R., near

Nawalia, at 2000 ft. alt. (17-22 Aug., 1910), S. A. Neave ;

1911, 177, British Museum.—Hind tarsus (only one re-

maining) in course of reproduction, and therefore abnormal ;

fore legs beyond the trochanter lost.—Sedis incerti.

A single ¢ imago, labelled N. Nigeria, Zungeru (Nov.

Ann, & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xii. 20

278 Mr. C. T. Regan on Fishes from Peru.

1910), J. W. Scott-Macfie; 1911, 417, British Museum.—

Hind tarsus: first joint equal in length to second and longer

than the third; fore legs beyond the trochanters lost ; hinder

femora not banded nor with any dark streak near the middle.

—Sedis incerti.

To name such fragments would be foolish and repre-

hensible.

XXXIII.—Fishes from Peru, collected by Dr. H. O. Forbes.

By C. Tate ReGan, M.A.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

A SMALL series of fishes from Peru, collected and presented

to the British Museum by Dr. H. O. Forbes, is of some

interest, as it includes the type of a new species of Chiro-

lophius, an example of the little-known T’rachinotus pattensis,

and specimens of some Californian species not previously

known to range southwards to Peru.

1. Branchiostoma elongatum, Sundev.

Lobos de Tierra, 5 to 8 fathoms.

2. Lebiasina bimaculata, Cuv. & Val.

Pacasmayo ; fresh water,

3. Tetragonopterus microphthalmus, Giinth.

Pacasmayo ; fresh water.

4, Tetragonopterus stmus, Bouleng.

Pacasmayo ; fresh water.

5. Vomer setipinnis, Mitch.

Ferrol Bay.

6. Trachinotus pactensis, Cuv. & Val.

Hist. Nat. Poiss. viii, p. 438 (1831).

Trachinotus paloma (? Jord. & Starks), Starks, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus.

xxx. 1906, p. 786.

Depth of body 2} in the length, length of head 32. Snout

Mr. C. T. Regan on Fishes from Peru. 279

as long as diameter of eye, which is 4 in the length of head;

interorbital width 8. Snout obtuse; mouth nearly hori-

zontal ; maxillary extending to below middle of eye. 11 gill-

rakers on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal VI, I 28;

longest rays a little more than } length of head. Anal LI,

I 24, Pectoral 3 the length of head. Silvery ; back bluish ;

fins yellowish, with blackish points ; dorsal lobe blackish.

A single specimen, 85 mm. in total length, from Lobos de

Tierra.

The type of the species, 24 inches long, from Paita, had

28 dorsal and 26 anal rays. Starks’s specimen from Callao,

267 mm. in length to base of caudal, had a shorter head (42

in the length) and a smaller eye (64 in length of head) than

the one described above.

7. Larimus pacificus, Jord. & Bollman.

Lobos de Tierra, 5 to 8 fathoms.

The type was taken in the Pacific between Panama and

the Galapagos Islands.

8. Hoplognathus insignis, Kner.

Lobos de Tierra, 5 to 8 fathoms.

9. Pomacentrus rectifrenum, Gill.

Lobos de Tierra; rock-pools.

Not previously recorded south of Panama.

10. Mugil cephalus, Linn.

Pacasmayo ; fresh water,

11. Querimana harengus, Giinth.

Pacasmayo; fresh water.

12. Polynemus approximans, Lay & Benn.

Pacasmayo; fresh water.

13. Gobius soporator, Cuv. & Val.

Lobos de Tierra ; rock-pools.

14. Myzxodagnus opercularis, Gill.

Two examples from Lobos de Tierra, 8 to 10 fathoms, do

20*

280 Mr. C. T. Regan on Fishes from Peru.

not seem to differ in any way from one from California, with

which I have compared them,

15. Symphurus atramentatus.

Lobos de Tierra, 5 to 8 fathoms.

Previously known from specimens dredged off the coast of

Colombia.

16. Remora remora, Linn,

17. Remora clypeata, Giinth.

This species is represented in the British Museum collec-

tion by examples from the Cape and from Muscat; it does

not seem to have been recorded from Peruvian waters ; two

examples, together with one of the preceding species, were

taken from a large ray at Lobos de Tierra.

18. Gobtesox zebra, Jord. & Gilb.

J have compared specimens from the rock-pools of Lobos

de Tierra with one from Mazatlan, and they seem to be the

same species.

19. Chirolophius forbesit, sp. n.

Head longer than broad, about 4 the length of the fish.

Diameter of eye 6 in length of head, less than length of

snout or than interorbital width. Teeth in lower jaw in

about 3 series; 2 teeth on each side of vomer. Nasal sacs

small. <A pair of divergent spines on each side of snout;

each supraorbital ridge bearing two spines ; humeral spine

bifid posteriorly and with an outwardly directed process ante-

riorly. First ray of spinous dorsal less than 4 Jength of

head, with terminal flap * ; second and third as long, fringed ;

fourth, fifth, and sixth well developed, the fourth aimost

free, the fifth and sixth connected by membrane basally.

Soft dorsal with 8 rays, anal with 6, pectoral with 18.

Lower surface of pectoral with blackish edge; distal half of

anal and caudal blackish ; caudal crossed by a row of pearl-

like white spots, one on each ray ; anal with one or two

similar spots.

A single specimen, 170 mm. in total length, from Lobos

de Tierra, at a depth of 8 to 10 fathoms.

* This ray looks as though it had been broken off and the flap regene-

rated; perhaps it would be longer in a normal specimen.

On Fishes from the River Ucayali, Peru, 281

XX XIV.—Fishes from the River Ucayali, Peru, collected by

Mr. Mounsey. By C. Tate Recan, M.A.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

. Tetragonopterus ovalis, Giinth.

. Gastropelecus sternicla, Linn.

. Callophysus lateralis, Gill.

He CF bo

. Sorubim lima, Schneid.

5. Rhamdia mounsey?, sp. n.

Depth of body 5 to 6 in the length, length of head 33 to 4.

Breadth of head 1} to 14 in its length, length of snout 23

to 3, diameter of eye 54 to 7, interorbital width 22 to 32.

Jaws equal anteriorly or the lower a little shorter than the

upper; width of mouth nearly 2 width of head. Maxillary

barbel extending beyond anal fin. Occipital process extending

about 3 of the distance from its base to origin of dorsal fin. 4 or

5 gill-rakers +2 or 3 rudiments on lower part of anterior arch.

Dorsal 1 6; spine slender; fin rounded. Length of adipose

fin 2? to 32 in length of fish. Anal9-11. Humeral process

not reaching middle of pectoral spine, which is ? to 2 the

length of the fin, or 4 to 3 the length of head. Pelvies in-

serted below or a little behind last dorsal ray, sometimes

reaching anal. Caudal deeply notched. Least depth of

caudal peduncle 24 to 23 in length of head, 14 to 12 in

distance from anal to caudal. Greyish; a lateral stripe;

fins dusky, the dorsal pale at the base.

Seven specimens, 75 to 135 mm. in total length.

6. Callichthys thoracatus, Cuv. & Val.

7. Corydoras elegans, Steind.

8. Xenocara cirrhosum, Cuv. & Val.

9. Hypoptopoma carinatum, Steind.

10. Loricartichthys ucayalensis, sp. n.

Length of head a little more than } that of the fish.

Breadth of head 14 in its length, diameter of eye 7 to 84,

interorbital width 4$ to 42, length of snout 2 to 24. Snout

rounded ; head smooth; orbital notch deep and_ broad.

282 On Fishes from the River Ucayali, Peru.

Upper lip narrow ; lower very broad, smooth, with entire

edges; teeth minute, on each side about 8 in the upper jaw

and 12 in the lower. 32 scutes in a longitudinal series,

20-22+ 10-12 ; lateral keels sharp, separate ; scutes in front

of dorsal fin with vestigial keels; lower surface of head

naked; abdomen with 2 series of plates between the lateral

series ; anterior plates smaller, extending to level of middle of

gill-opening ; an anal plate, bordered anteriorly by 3. First

dorsal ray 2 the length of head; pectoral spine reaching

base of pelvic fin, which has the first branched ray longest ;

upper caudal ray produced. Breadth of body at level of

first anal ray 4 in the distance thence to the caudal. Head

and body with dark spots and blotches; fins, except the

anal, with series of small dark spots.

Two specimens (males), 185 and 220 mm. in total length.

In the structure of the lower lip this species resembles

males of ZL. typus, Bleek. In other characters it 1s nearer

L. maculata, Bloch, but has a larger head, ashorter tail, and

the dorsal and anal fins less elevated.

11. Rhineloricaria konopicky?, Steind.

12. Loricaria carinata, Casteln.

13. Acara tetramerus, Heck.

A, duopunetata, llaseman, seems to be a synonym of

A. tetramerus. The two other supposed new species of this

genus described by Haseman (Ann. Carnegie Mus. vil. 1911),

from the Guaporé, viz. A. guaporensis and A. awani, are

obviously the young and adult of one species, closely related

to A. paraguayensis, even if it be distinct.

APISTOGRAMMA, nom. nov.

The recently published second volume of the ‘ Index

Zoologicus’? includes the generic name SHeterogramma,

Guenée, 1854. I therefore propose Apistogramma as a

substitute for J7eterogramma, Regan, 1906. This genus

includes four species from the La Plata, A. trifasciatum,

Kigenm. & Kennedy, 1908, <A. borellit, Regan, 1906

(H. ritense, Haseman, 1911), A. corumbe, Regan, 1906,

and A. pleurctenia, Regan, 1909 (H. borellit, Haseman),

two from Guiana, A. steindachnerit, Regan, 1908, and

A. ortmannt, Higenm., 1912. There are perhaps four

species known from the Amazon, viz., A. amanus, Cope,

1872, A. teniatum, Ginth., 1862, A, pertense, Haseman,

1911, and A. agassizit, Steind., 1875,

Mr. W. L. Distant on Oriental Rhynchota. 283

14. Apistogramma amenus, Cope.

Depth of body 24 to 24 in the length, length of head 3.

Snout a little shorter than diameter of eye, which is 34 to 34

in length of head; interorbital width 32 to 4, Maxillary

extending to below anterior edge of eye ; lower jaw 2 length

of head; least depth of preorbital 3 to 2? diameter of eye ;

cheek with 3 or 4 series of scales; 2 or 3 gill-rakers of outer

series below angle of first arch. 23 scales in a longitudinal

series; 12 or 13 in upper lateral line, 5 or 6 in lower.

Dorsal XV 6-7; spines subequal from the fifth, the last $

the length of head or a little more. Anal IIL 6 ; third spine

scarcely shorter than last of dorsal. Pectoral nearly as long

as head, almost or quite reaching origin of anal; pelvics

extending to second or third anal spine. Caudal rounded.

Caudal peduncle deeper than long. ‘Traces of cross-bars and

of a Jateral band ; a dark spot at base of caudal ; posterior

part of soft dorsal and anal and middle of caudal barred with

spots.

Das specimens, 50 and 55 mm. in total length.

A. teniatum, Giinth., seems to be known only from the

type, 60 mm. in total length, from the Cupai; it differs from

A. amenus in the shorter snout and larger eye (diameter 4

length of head), larger mouth (maxillary to below anterior

4 of eye; lower jaw nearly $ length of head), and higher

dorsal spines, increasing in length to the last which is quite

2 the length of the head.

A. pertense is the species usually known as H, teniatum ;

it is close to A. amanus, but when specimens of the same

size are compared it differs in the larger eye (4 length of

head) and more slender form (depth 3 in the length).

A. agassizii is distinguished by the pointed caudal fin.

XXXV.— Contributions to a Knowledge of Orvental

Ithynchota. By W. L. Disrant.

HETEROPTERA,

Fam. Pentatomide.

Phricodus hystrix.

Aradus hystrix, Germ, Silb, Rey. Ent. v. p. 184 (1837).

This well-known Ethiopian species must now be included

in the fauna of British India. Mr. Bainbrigge Fletcher has

sent us specimens from Coimbatore, South India,

284 Mr. W. L. Distant on Oriental Rhynchota.

Fam. Lygeide.

Oxycarenus lotus.

Oxycarenus letus, Kirby, J. Linn. Soc. Lond., Zool. xxiv. p. 102

(1891) ; Dist. Faun. Brit. Ind., Rhynch. ii. p. 438, fig. 31 (1904).

Kirby’s type, when compared with fresh examples, was

clearly founded on a discoloured specimen. I redescribed

his type (supra), and so both of our descriptions fail in the

character of the antennez. These are not unicolorous, but

with the second joint, excluding extreme apex, and the base

of the third joint brownish ochraceous ; our artist was also

unhappy in his drawing of the rostrum, which really reaches

to about the middle of the abdomen.

Fam. Coreide.

NEOHOPLOLOMIA, gen. nov.

Head about as long as the pronotum ; antenniferous

tubercles prominent, armed with an obseure short outwardly

and forwardly directed spine; antennz pilose, first joint

stoutest, about equal in length to head, second distinctly

shorter than third, a little shorter than first, fourth fusiform ;

rostrum reaching the intermediate coxe, first joint extending

to latitude of eyes, second to about base of head, second and

third subequal in length; pronotum with the posterior

margin truncate before scutellum, lateral margins finely

spinose, basal angles acute; scutellum not elevated; con-

nexivum not prominently spined; posterior femora with their

bases slender, incrassated towards their apices, beneath which

they are prominently spinous.

Allied to Hoplolomia, Stal, differing by length of head and

rostrum, and by the basal joint of antenne not being shorter

than head.

Neohcplolomia typica, sp. n.

Body above ochraceous; posterior area of pronotum and

the clavus more or less suffused with castaneous ; corium

with obscure castaneous spots; apical joint of antennz

(excluding base), apical areas of posterior femora, apices of

tibie, and transverse lines to connexivum, very dark castaneous

or piceous ; apex of rostrum and some small and inconstant

spots on lateral areas of abdomen beneath piceous or black ;

membrane pale brownish with obscure greyish spots; basal

lateral angles of pronotum shortly but distinctly spined ;

head above with a pale central longitudinal fascia ; pronotum

somewhat coarsely punctate ; scutellum with the basal angles

Mr. W. L. Distant on Oriental Rhynchota. 285

and apex pale greyish and callose ; other structural characters

as in generic diagnosis.

Long. 7 to 8 mm.

S. India ; Chikkaballapura (7. V. Campbell, Brit. Mus.).

Presented by Mr. E. A. Butler.

HOMOPTERA.

Fam. Cicadide.

Pyena indochinensis, sp. n.

3. Head, pronotum, and mesonotum ochraceous; head

with a small dark spot near base of front, vertex with a

central longitudinal line, two small spots on each side of

ocelli, and posterior margins of eyes black ; pronotum with

three very small black spots at centre of posterior marginal

area ; mesonotum with four obconical spots (the two central

smallest) and a large spot in front of cruciform elevation

black ; abdomen ochraceous, the segmental margins more or

less broadly black ; tympanal flaps pale ochraceous ; body

beneath, legs, and rostrum ochraceous; central sulcation to

face, apex of rostrum, and large marginal spots to abdomen

black ; tegmina with the basal half ochraceous, opaque, two

elongate spots on costal membrane, tliree in radial area (the

central spot largest), the basal cell and a large elongate spot

beneath it black, other more piceous and more obscure spots

between the veins, and in the radial area a large hyaline

space between the second and third black spots ; outer half

of tegmina hyaline, the veins ochraceous, a number of small

black spotson the apical marginal area and larger piceous

suffusions at the bases of the upper four apical areas ; wings

black, the apical and posterior marginal area hyaline ; head

(including eyes) about two-thirds the breadth of base of

mesonotum ; pronotal lateral margins angularly ampliate ;

face very broadly, blackly, centrally sulcate for about halt

its length, the transverse striations pitchy brown ; rostrum

reaching base of abdomen; opercula short and broad, in-

ternally overlapping, outwardly and posteriorly rounded, not

passing base of abdomen.

Long., excl. tegm., 17 mm, ; exp. tegm. 63 mm.

Hab. Indo-China; Lao Kay (2. Vitalis de Salvaza, Brit.

Mus.).

Allied to P. celestia, Dist.; face much more shortly

centrally suleate, pronotal margins more acutely angulate,

opercula less centrally overlapping, basal coloration of the

teymina different, &c.

286 Mr. W. L. Distant on Oriental Rhynchota.

SALVAZANA, gen. nov.

&. Head somewhat transversely truncate between the

eyes, including which it is narrower than the base of meso-

notum, its length about half the breadth between eyes ; ocelli

nearly twice the distance from eyes as from each other, front

slightly prominent ; pronotum slightly shorter than meso-

notum, its lateral margins oblique and sinuate, the posterior

angles a little sinuate; abdomen broad and robust, about as

long as space between the apex of head and base of cruci-

form elevation, the tympanal orifices completely concealed by

the tympanal coverings; opercula in male not passing the

base of abdomen; metasternum elevated at middle and

furnished with a posterior process directed backward ; rostrum

almost reaching the posterior coxe: ; tegmina about two and

a half times as long as greatest breadth, apical areas eight,

basal cell longer than broad; wings more than half the

length of tegmina, apical areas six.

Allied to Cryptotympana, but head narrower than base of

mesonotum, opercula in male not passing base of abdomen

and convex, &c.

Salvazana mirabilis, sp. n.

3. Body black ; head with narrow posterior margin and

a spot on lateral margins of vertex castaneous ; pronotum

with narrow anterior and broad posterior margins castaneous ;

mesonotum with a tri-arcuate spot in front of cruciform

elevation and a spot at base and on each side of same casta-

neous ; bedy beneath black, brownishly pilose, outer halves of

the opercula castaneous ; abdominal stigmatal spots pearly

white; tegmina with about basal third olivaceous green out-

wardly defined by black suffusions, remaining two-thirds

subhyaline, the veins greenish, the apical margin, spots at

apices of veins to apical areas, and suffused spots at apices of

the two upper ulnar areas piceous; costal membrane casta-

neous, postcostal membrane black ; wings with about basal

halves white, opaque, outwardly defined by a_ transverse

piceous fascia, which is connected with piceous apical and

postcostal margins which surround an apical hyaline area ;

anterior femora armed beneath with a basal and two subapical

spines ; the opercula rounded, moderately convex, very nar-

rowly separated internally, not quite reaching base of abdomen;

face convexly depressed, centrally longitudinally sulcate, trans-

verse ridges distinct but only moderately prominent; meta-

sternal plate longitudinally sulcate ; other structural characters

as in generic diagnosis.

Long., excl. tegm., ¢ 43 mm.; exp. tegm. 130 mm.

Mr. W. L. Distant on Oriental Rhynchota. 287

Fab. Indo-China (2. Vitalis de Salvaza, Brit. Mus.).

I have not yet seen the female of this beautiful species.

Geana vitalis?, sp. n.

Black ; narrow anterior margin and broad posterior margin

of pronotum, two central longitudinal fascie (inwardly

angulated), and a discal elongate sublateral spot to meso-

notum ochraceous, probably virescent in living or fresh

specimens; tegmina black, somewhat opaque, the venation

virescent, a curved transverse spot near base, an irregular-

shaped spot crossing third ulnar area, and a smaller spot

crossing first ulnar area, and a submarginal apical series of

iregularly shaped spots ochraceous or pale virescent ; wings

shining black, a broad streak on abdominal area, two con-

tiguous streaks above it, a subapical spot, two contiguous

spots near costal margin, and a subcentral spot above posterior

margin ochraceous or pale virescent; head longer than

pronotum, front somewhat porrectly produced, face prominent,

transverse striations somewhat prominent; opercula not

quite reaching base of abdomen, strongly concavely sinuate

internally, slightly sinuate externally, apex transversely

convex,

Long., excl. tegm., 9 32 to 35 mm.; exp. tegm. 90 to

95 mm,

Hab, Indo-China (2. Vitalis de Salvaza, Brit. Mus.).

Allied to G. festiva, Fabr.

Balinta pulchella, sp. n.

3. Body and legs black ; front of head, basal margin of

vertex, two central angulated fasciz and posterior margin

to pronotum, the lateral margins, and two central and in-

wardly angulated fasciz to mesonotum, which are united to

the anterior angles of the basal cruciform elevation, ochra-

ceous ; tegmina bronzy brown with a white subcostal spot

before apex; wings pitchy black with the basal area ochra-

ceous ; tegmina alittle less at greatest breadth than one-third

of their length, in addition to the white subcostal spot there

is a much more obsolete spot crossing base of lower apical

area; head not longer than pronotum, obliquely depressed

in front of eyes; face prominent, ochraceous with two

central longitudinal black fascize which are united before

reaching clypeus ; rostrum reaching, or very slightly passing,

the posterior cox; opercula short, longer than broad,

apically rounded, not quite reaching base of abdomen, a

little inwardly oblique.

Long., excl. tegm., 20 mm. ; exp. tegm. 48 mm.

Hab. Indo-China (2. Vitalis de Salvaza, Brit. Mus.).

288 Mr. E. Schwarz on a Kangaroo

XXXVI.—On a Kangaroo and a new Palm-Civet in the

British Museum. By Hrnst SCHWARZ.

Two years ago (‘Annals,’ ser. 8, vol. vii. p. 609, 1911)

Mr. Thomas described a Wallaroo from McClintock Range,

Kimberley Gold Field, Far North of Western Australia. In

his description he expressed some doubts as to the constancy

of the cranial characters used by me to separate the ditferent

local races of M. robustus. I have recently had an oppor-

tunity of examining the type of Macropus robustus bracteator,

and by the kind permission of Mr. Thomas I am enabled to

give the following supplementary description of the skull in

a form closely resembling the diagnoses in my paper in

‘ Novitates Zoologice,’ vol. xvil. (L910).

Macropus robustus bracteator, Thomas.

Skull. Basifacial axis short as compared to basicranial

axis. Nasal cavity strongly inflated laterally almost as

much as in M. r. rubens, but slightly less (especially when

viewed from the palate). Nasals very convex in both

directions, as already shown by Mr. Thomas, long, broad,

and almost parallel-sided. Processus infrazygomaticus nar-

row and strongly twisted. Zygomaas in MM. r. woodward.

Opening of lacrymal canal in lacrymal bone. Foramina

incisiva short. Anterior portion of palate exactly as in

M. r. woodwardi, its margins regularly converging ante-

riorly, and not constricted in front as in M. r. rubens, its

least breadth about half the length of diastema. Profile of

skull strongly and regularly convex, its highest point in the

frontal region.

Basicranial axis 47 mm.; basifacial axis 120; facial

index 255.

The skull of this kangaroo is most like that of JZ. r.

vubens. As in that form, it has a low facial index and the

inflated nasal cavity, which, however, is slightly less

marked, so as to be somewhat intermediate between rubens

and woodwardi. The shape of the nasals and palate are

more as in woodwardi.

In the local races of Macropus robustus the facial index

seems to be very constant, whereas in M. rufus and MM. gigan-

teus it is extremely variable.

In laying out the series of Paguma grayi in the British

Museum together with Mr. Wroughton, the specimens from

L and a new Palm-Civet. 289

the Western Himalayas were found to represent a distinct

race, which Mr. Wroughton was to describe. In the mean-

time, however, he has left England for some time to come,

and I have much pleasure now in naming this new form after

Mr. Wroughton himself, whose interest in Indian mammalogy

is so well known.

Paguma grayt wroughtont, subsp. n.

Type-locality. Gharial, Punjab.

Type. g ad. B.M. no. 7. 11. 21. 12. Collected by

Major H. N. Dunn, and presented by him to the British

Museum.

Related to P. g. gray?, but with blackish neck and yellowish

hue on posterior back. Face-markings more distinct and

underside buffy, not yellowish white.

Underfur of whole upperside slaty grey, of underside

buffy. Hairs of neck glossy black, often with a narrow

greyish subterminal band. Hairs of back black for their

basal half, those of anterior back with narrow yellowish

band and broad black tip, those of posterior back with very

broad golden-yellow band and short black tip. Tail like

posterior back for the greater part of its length, with black

tip. Sides of body pale yellowish grey, hairs with short

black tips; limbs similar, but the hairs without the black

tips ; fingers and toes dark brown. Ears black. Face-

markings comparatively prominent, but far less so than in

P. larvata. Underside buffy; hairs of throat with broad

white tips; chin blackish brown, darker than in P. g. gray.

Skull, Much as in P. g. grayt, Protocone of p* better

developed.

Dimensions of type. Basal length of skull 115 mm.; palatal

Jength 60°5 ; palatal breadth 41; zygomatie width 67;

width of brain-case 40°5; intertemporal constriction 21;

nasals 25°2x13; length of carnassial 8°7; length of fora-

mina incisiva 8. .

This Paguma is the western representative of P. grayi grayt

of Nepal, from which it is at once distinguishable by the

blackish neck and the shape of the cheek-teeth. There are

six specimens in the British Museum—one from Simla, one

from ‘‘ India,” one stated to be from Nepal (but, as collected

by Dhuleep Singh, probably from somewhere in the Punjab),

aud two from the type-locality, Gharial, Punjab.

290 Mr. R. 8. Bagnall on new Thysanoptera.

XXXVII.—Brief Descriptions of new Thysanoptera. — I.

By Ricwarp S. Baenatt, F.L.S., F.E.S. (Hope

Department of Zoology, University Museum, Oxford).

In this series of papers I propose to shortly describe new

‘Thysanoptera, or thrips, from various parts of the world,

though the collections in my hands at present are chiefly

from Africa and India. This material, for which my hearty

thanks is due, has been received from many sources, which I

will more particularly mention in several larger contributions

now in preparation.

IT am especially anxious to have material from Australia,

Japan, Asia (particularly from the north and west), Central

and South Africa, South America, and the Polynesian and

other groups of islands.

Suborder TEREBRANTIA.

Family Thripide.

Retithrips bicolor, sp. n. (Vine thrips).

? .—Length about 1:6 mm.

Rich golden-yellow, tinged lightly with brown; head,

mesothorax, and metathorax (the latter anteriorly and late-

rally only) dark brown; legs yellow and antennz light

lemon-yellow. Sculpture and reticulation very strong.

Vertex of head broadly raised, arcuate, with a median break ;

cheeks converging from behind eyes, slightly sinuate. Max-

illary palpi apparently 4-jointed, the basal joint as long as

the other three (?or two) together. Antennz set below

vertex, distant at base, very slender, and more than twice as

long as the head; joints 3 to 6 more or less claviform ; 3 as

long as the two basal joints together, 4 slightly shorter than

3, and 5 and 6 about two-thirds (*66) the length of 4. Pro-

thorax shorter than the head. Wings with cilia (which are

smoky brown) on lower margins only ; lower wing with dark

median vein from base to apex.

In my two preparations with wings expanded I have been,

as yet, unable to make out any arrangement of spines.

3 .—Length 1:15 mm.

Abdominal sternites 3 to 7 (?2 to 6) with a roundish pale

depression. Tenth abdominal segment with a pair of stout

lateral bristles, which are apically strongly flattened out in

the form of a broad V, with the apex truncate.

Hab, Ceylon, on vine (. LE. Green).

Mr. R. S. Bagnall on new Thysanoptera. 291

Readily separated from Retithrips egypticus, Marchal, by

its coloration, the long slender antennze, and the shape of

joints 3 to 6, and the longer and more slender wings.

Dr. Marchal does not describe any special characteristics of

the ¢ cegypticus.

FHeliothrips indicus, sp. n.

? .—Length 1:2 mm.

In fasciatus, fasciapennis, and phaseoli group, but readily

distinguished by the male characteristics. Type of colora-

tion (except wings) and form of antenne as in fasczatus.

Maxillary palpi two-segmented. Wings overreaching tip of

abdomen ; fore-wings white, tinged with grey at base, second

and third fourths wholly grey-brown, decidedly lighter in

middle, though the colouring is not broken; apical fifth

grey-brown. Venation as in fasciapennis ; basal vein set

with two basal spines and one near fork ; upper vein (fused

with costa) with two near fork and two near apex ; lower

vein with five or six (usually 2+3-+1) more or less regularly

placed spines. :

¢ —Length 1:0 mm.

Ninth tergite with six rather long dorsal spines, one set on

each side of the mid-line at a little distance from the post-

erior margin, and the other four in a line (but the inner pair

set wider apart than the first-named pair) near the posterior

margin. Abdominal sternites 3 to 7 with a strongly trans-

verse pale area or depression, more or less arcuate, gradually

lessening in size from the fourth to the seventh segment,

the former being about fifteen and the latter eight times as

wide as long. In einctipennis, Hood, these pale areas are

almost round, in fasctatus, Perg., they are transversely ovate,

whilst in faseiapennis, Hinds, and phaseol’, Hood, they are

transverse, but only five and nine times as long as wide

respectively, and not arcuate.

Hab, INDIA: Sirsiah, Bengal, in numbers on indigo, 1908 ;

and Surat, Bengal, on onions, berseem, and brinjal, February

1909 (Maxwell Lefroy).

Euthrips (Anaphothrips) alternans, sp. n. (Maize thrips).

2 .—Length 1°3 to 1:4 mm.

Head and first two abdominal segments dark grey-brown ;

pterothorax yellowish-brown to grey-brown; abdominal seg-

inents 7 to 10 dark chestnut-brown, 6 generally a similar or

lighter chestnut-brown; prothorax, legs, and abdominal

segments 3 fo 5 yellow, at most lightly tinged with grey.

292 Mr. R.S. Bagnall on new Thysanoptera.

Antennal joint 1 light grey-brown; 2 darker brown, con-

colorous with the head ; 3 clear lemon-yellow ; 4 also yellow,

but slightly deeper, and in some specimens tinged lightly

with grey; 5 (except base, which is light) to 8 chestnut.

brown. Wings very light grey; a dark greyish-brown

patch across each fore wing trom the basal fifth to about the

middle ; hind vein with dark median vein extending almost

to tip.

Head as long as, or very slightly longer than, broad,

about as long as the prothorax, and 0°5 the length of the

antenne. Antennal joint 6 not divided ; prothorax without

setee at posterior angles. Wings broad near base, a few

spines on both upper and lower veins of fore wing, irregu-

larly placed and inconspicuous.

Hab. Eayrr: Bahteem, near Cairo, May Ist, 1911, com-

mon on maize (f. C. Willcocks).

Ei. alternans closely approaches EH. sudanensis (Tryb.),

but is sharply distinguished by the lighter basal joint of

antenne, the yellow prothorax, and the long head. It is also

a larger insect.

Physothrips lefroyt, sp.n. (Tea-flower thrips).

A very distinctive species.

? .—Length 1°4 to 1:7 mm.

Yellowish-white, lemon-yellow to yellow in darker speci-

mens ; bristles, cilia of wings, and antennal joints 2, 4, and

6 rich reddish brown. Antennal joint 4 basally yellow, and

5 only lightly tinged with reddish brown. Relative length

of joints 3 to 8 as follows :—26 : 26: 21: 21:3: 5.

Spines in upper vein of fore wing 2+3 near base, 1 near

middle, and 2 in distal third. Apical abdominal spines long.

$.—Slightly smaller. Ninth tergite with six stout dorsal

spines ; four moderately long, forming an obverse arc, and a

pair of shorter and stouter ones placed on a higher plane and

medianly within the circumference of the are. Spines and

cilia more lightly coloured and antenne practically uni-

colorous.

Hab. InviA: Lebong, Darjeeling, Bengal, in the flowers

of tea, Feb. 6th, 1909 (Alaawell Lefroy).

Named in honour of Prof. Maxwell Lefroy.

Physothrips funtumie, sp. n. (Rubber thrips).

? .—Length 1:45 to 1:6 mm. 1s

Colour dark grey-brown ; legs rather lighter and fore-tibiz

Mr. R. 8. Bagnall on new Thysanoptera. 293

yellowish-brown to yellowish-white at tips; intermediate

(and usually hind) tibia yellowish-white at tips. Fore-wings

and cilia smoky yellowish-brown, lighter at base. Eyes

coarsely facetted, pilose. Relative lengths of antennal joints

3 to 8 as follows :—20 (with stem) : 20:16: 21: 4:5: 7°5.

Third broader than any of the succeeding joints; fifth and

sixth rather slender. Prothoracic bristles at posterior angles

0°65 the length of the prothorax. Legs sparingly clothed with

sete. Upper vein of fore-wing with 343 spines in the

hasal half near base, and only two spines in the distal half,

together near tip. Apical abdominal spines long.

6 .—Length 1:0 to 1:1 mm., and more slender than @?.

Each of the sternites 3 to 7 with a strongly transverse

pale depression near upper margin *, and numerous, more or

less small, irregular (but inclined to be roundish) areas of a

similar nature placed irregularly over the whole of the surface.

Ninth tergite with four short, stout, dorsal spines in the form

of an obverse arc, inner pair more apical and shorter than

the outer pair. Colour lighter ; third antennal joint yellowish-

white and joints 4 to 6 also yellowish-white in their basal

halves.

Hab. AFRICA: on rubber-trees (Puntumia elastica), Uganda

and Southern Nigeria (from several correspondents).

Physothrips usttatus, sp. n.

2 .—Length 1:6 mm.

Near P. sjéstedti (Tryb.). Colour brown, third antennal

joint yellowish-brown to greyish-yellow ; fore-femora (in

sjostedti dark) yellow, lightly tinged with brown, especially

on the outer margin ; fore-tibie, all tarsi, and intermediate

and hind-tibie at extreme apices yellow. Fore-wing lightly

tinged with brown at extreme base ; clear to basal third and

thence brown to apex, with a lighter patch just before apex ;

mid-vein of hind-wing extending to apex, brown; all spines

and cilia dark. Head almost as long as broad and not quite

as long as prothorax. Interocular bristles long. Antenne

2°5 times as long as the head; relative lengths of joints :—

13:15: 23:23:14:21:6:8. Double trichomes on joints

3 and 4 long and stout. Middle joint of maxillary palpi the

shortest. Upper vein of fore-wing with three basal bristles,

a series of 11 (10-13) commencing at about the first fourth

and running to, or just into, the distal third, and 2 at extreme

apex ; lower vein with series of 13 (12-15) bristles com-

* These may be broken up into a line of smaller depressions.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xii. 21

29-4 Mr. R. 8. Bagnall on new Thysanoptera.

mencing at basal third. Body elongate, only slightly broader

than the pterothorax. Apical segment about 0-2 shorter

than ninth abdominal segment ; bristles long, nearly as long

as the two apical segments together.

This species differs from both sjdstedti (Tryb.) and varia-

bilis, sp. n., in the long series of bristles in the lower vein

commencing at the basal third, instead of with the corre-

sponding series of upper vein at the basal fourth.

Hab. InpiA: Allahabad, in flowers of Butea frondosa

(A. D. Imms).

Physothrips variabilis, sp. n.

? .—Leneth 1:1 to 1°6 mm.

Near sjéstedtt (Tryb.) and usitatus, “sp. n., but broader.

Dark specimens dark chestnut-brown ; third antennal joint

yellow ; fore-tibize yellowish; intermediate and hind-tibie

grey-brown ; all tarsi yellowish. Light specimens light-grey

to yellowish-brown ; pterothorax lighter and abdominal

segments 1 to 7 yellowish, only slightly tinged with grey-

brown. Fore-wings and cilia light greyish-yellow, a lighter

patch near apex; basal third clear. Upper vein with three

basal spines, a series of 9 to 14 commencing at about the

first fourth, and running well into the distal fourth on to the

distal fifth ; 2 at extreme apex. Spines of lower vein com-

mencing also at the distal fourth. Head transverse, shorter

than prothorax; eyes pilose. Relative lengths of antennal

joints 3 to 8:—23: 24:16: 24:5:6. Double trichomes

on segments 3 and 4 very large. Abdominal bristles long.

Legs sparingly spinose.

Differs from sjéstedti (Tryb.) and usdtatus, sp. n., by the

broad form and transverse head and by the long series of

spines in the upper vein of fore-wing extending to beyond

the basal fourth.

Hab. Comoro Istanps?: ‘R. Oberthiir, Coll. Marie.

Mayotte?” (Leyden Museum).

Thrips assimilis, sp. n.

9 .—Length 1:1 mm.

Closely resembles 7. albopilosus, Uzel, but is larger and

differs in the following particulars :—Relative lengths of

antennal joints 3 to 7:—18: 15: 12:18:63; 5 distinctly

shorter than 4 and 5 and 6 both broader than 3 or 4. Upper

vein in fore-wing with 12 bristles, viz.6+1 in basal half and

5, more or less regularly placed, in distal half.

Hab. Tunis: Sousse, 1 9, Feb. 28th, 1903 (Biro).

Mr. R.S. Bagnall on new Thysanoptera. 295

Suborder TUBULIFERA.

Family Phleothripide.

Compsothrips reuteri, sp. n.*

2? —Length about 2°0 mm.

Dark chestnut-brown, including legs and tarsi. Basal

antennal joint brown ; 2 shaded to yellow apically ; 3 clear

yellowish-white ; 4 to 6 yellow, with 5 lightly and 6 more

strongly shaded with brown apically; 7 brown and 8

yellowish-brown, lighter than 7. Head about 2°5 times as

long as the prothorax, and 1°75 as long as broad behind eyes ;

cheeks slightly arcuate at about the posterior third. Ptero-

thorax slightly longer than broad. Abdomen oblong-ovate,

sharply narrowed from segment 8 to base of tube. Tube

about 0°6 the length of the head and less than half (0-5) as

broad at apex as at base. Legs long.

Resembles C. (Leurothrips) linearis (Bagn.) in type of

coloration, but may be recognized by its smaller size, broader,

more ovate, and shorter body, and the relatively longer head

and legs.

Hab. Eayrt: Suez, 1 9, Aug. 4th, 1902 (Brro).

Cryptothrips trybomi, sp. n.T

3 .—Winged ; length just over 2°0 mm.

Colour chestnut-brown, head yellowish brown, and tip of

tube lighter ; all legs yellow, wings tinged lemon-yellow ;

antennze yellowish-brown, joint 3 lemon-yellow and 4 a

deeper yellow. Head about 1°6 times as long as broad and

2°2 as long as the prothorax. Moutli-cone broadly rounded,

extending to mesosternum. Eyes rather small, vertex raised,

Ocelli large ; postocular bristles present. Antenne 1°75 times

as long as head, joints 3 and 4 mildly claviform, and 5 and 6

elongate-fusiform, almost cylindrical. Prothorax strongly

transverse, 2°5 times as wide through middle as long; all

bristles present, long and light-coloured. Legs long. Nine

cilia near apex of fore wing duplicated. Abdomen elongate ;

tube 0°6 the length of the head.

Hab. GERMAN East AFrica: Moschi, Aug. 15th, 1905,

1 g (C. Katona).

Kasily distinguished by its type of coloration and by the

unusual form of the antennal joints 5 and 6,

* Named in honour of Prof. O. M. Reuter, Helsingfors.

+ Named in honour of the late Dr, Filip T'rybom of Stockholm,

21*

296 Mr. R. 8. Bagnall on new Thysanoptera.

Cryptothrips citricornis, sp. Nn.

3 .—Forma aptera.

Length about 2°5 mm.

Elongate and linear. Colour chestnut. to grey-brown ;

metathorax and abdominal segments 1 to 7 lighter, tinged

with yellow. Antenne yellow, sixth joint very faintly and

the penultimate and apical joints tinged with grey; all

femora grey-brown, with the extreme apices faintly yellowish ;

all tibie and tarsi lemon-yellow. Hypodermal pigmentation

deep and widely diffused.

Head almost as in ¢carus, Uz., not quite 1°5 as long as

broad just behind the eyes (where it is broadest), and nearly

twice as long as the prothorax, which is strongly transverse.

Ocelli moderately large, remote from inner margins of eyes.

Postocular and all prothoracic sete well developed, yellow.

Wings and wing-retaining spines absent. Tube about 0°65

the length of the head and 2°3 times as long as broad at base.

Apical bristles nearly as long as tube.

Related to tcarus, Uz., from which it may be distinguished

by its larger size, more elongated body, and also by its yellow

antenne, and the dark femora and light yellow tibie.

Hlab. GERMAN East ArricaA: Arusha, Oct. and Nov.,

1905 (C. Katona).

Haplothrips karnyi, sp. n.*

? .—Length about 1:9 mm.

Colour dark grey-brown ; crimson hypodermal pigmenta-

tion widely diffused; fore-tibize yellowish. Antennal joints

3 to 5 light yellow; 6also yellow, tinged with light greyish-

brown apically ; 7 yellowish grey-brown, and 8 darker brown.

Wings with a smoky tinge. Head and prothorax almost

as in kilimandjaricus (Tryb.) ; bead 1°35 as long as broad

and about 1°5 times as long as the prothorax. Postocular

and all prothoracic setze long and stout, knobbed. Mouth-

cone reaching a little more than halfway across prosternum.

Prothorax 1°6 broader than long. Fore-tarsus with a small

tooth. Posterior margin of fore-wing with seven cilia dupli-

cated near apex. Tube 0°6 the Jength of head ; abdominal

bristles long and moderately stout, wing-retaining bristles

stout.

HI. karnyt comes nearest to cahirens?s (Tryb.) and kilima-

ndjaricus (Tryb.), differing from both in the more greatly

developed postocular and prothoracic sete, and in the long

* Named in honour of Dr. H. Karny of Elbogen.

Mr. R. 8S. Bagnall on new Thysanoptera. 297

abdominal bristles, those on segments 7 to 9 being nearly as

long as the tube. It differs trom usétatus (Bagn.) in this

latter respect and also in the longer head and prothorax.

Hab. GERMAN Hast Arrica; Arusha, Oct. and Noy.,

1905 (C. Katona).

Haplothrips longisetis, sp. n.

? .—Length about 1°75 mm.

Elongate and linear. Brown, first abdominal segments

somewhat lighter ; tube darker basally ; femora grey-brown ;

tibize yellow, tinged with brown on the outer margin and

basally ; third antennal joint yellow, fourth rather lighter

brown than the succeeding joints. Wings colourless, trans-

parent, posterior margin of fore-wing with four cilia dupli-

cated near apex. Head 1°14 as long as broad, about 1:25

as long as the prothorax, and about 0°6 the length of the

antenne. Mouth-cone very short and rounded. Prothorax

1:6 as broad as long; all sete present, knobbed. Fore-tarsus

with prominent tooth. Tube 0°58 the length of the head ;

apical sete exceptionally long, 2°25 times as long as the

tube ; those on ninth abdominal segment 1°5 the length of

the tube.

H. longisetis comes in the aculeatus group, but is readily

recognized by the long apical abdominal hairs.

Hab, ALEXANDRIA: one example found in a dead twig of

fig (Ficus sp.), March 6th, 1905.

Submitted by Mr. F. V. Theobald.

Haplothrips brevicollis, sp. n.

?.—This species has the fore-tarsus unarmed and comes

nearest to cahirensis (Tryb.). It may be separated from all

the species in that group, however, by its very short and

strongly transverse prothorax. The head is nearly 0°9 as

broad as long and 1°85 times the length of the prothorax,

which Jatter is 2°3 times as broad as long. The tube is 0°6

the length of the head. ‘The posterior margin of the fore-

wing has six cilia duplicated near the posterior margin.

Hab, AFRICA: Kibosho, 1903 (Kitlenberger).

Hloplandrothrips hoodt, sp. n.*

Forma macroptera.—Length 1°2 to 1°5 mm.

Colour yellowish-brown to grey-brown ; tube grey-brown,

* Named in honour of the American Thysanopterist, Mr. Douglas

Hood. :

298 Mr. R. S. Bagnall on new Thysanoptera.

darker near basal third and laterally. Antenne with joints

1to3 yellow; 4 and 5 light brown, with basal thirds yellow ;

6 light brown, with basal fourth yellow; 7 and 8 brown.

All femora light brown, shaded to yellow apically ; fore-tibize

yellow, and intermediate and hind-tibize yellowish distally

and basally. Hypodermal pigmentation thick.

Head twice as long as prothorax and about 1°25 times as

long as wide ; cheeks bulging behind eyes, and from thence

converging to base. Eyes finely facetted; ocelli moderately

large. Postocular bristles present, knobbed. Mouth-cone

extending across prosternum. Antenne more than twice as

long as the head. Prothorax strongly transverse, 2°3 times

as wide through middle as long; all bristles present,

knobbed. Nine cilia near apex of fore-wing duplicated.

Fore-legs stout and tarsi armed ; fore-tibiain the ¢ with one

tooth near base, and femur with two teeth near apex within ;

in the @ simple. Abdomen roundly narrowed from seg-

ment 6 to base of tube. Tube about 0°5 times the length of

head. Apical bristles almost as long as tube. Abdominal

bristles well-developed ; segments 3 to 8 with one shorter

stout pair and one straight knobbed pair.

Forma aptera.—Wings and wing-retaining spines absent.

Hab. GERMAN East Africa: Arusha, f. macroptera, 1 3,

f. aptera, 1 S andl ¢, Oct.—Nov., 1905 (C. Katona).

Trichothrips longicornis, sp. n.

Forma aptera.—Length about 1°6 mm.

Yellowish to chestnut-brown, head and abdomen generally

darker ; tube shaded to yellow at apex. Tore-tibia, at least

apically, yellowish ; basally and along the upper and lower

margins dark brown. Antenne with basal joint concolorous

with head ; 2 yellowish, tinged with brown basally ; 3 to 6

clear lemon-yellow, 6 sometimes faintly tinged and 7 and 8

very lightly tinged with brown.

Head quadrate, only 0°08 longer than broad and about

1°5 times as long as the prothorax ; cheeks parallel to basal

fourth, then slightly narrowed posteriorly. Eyes well-deve-

loped; front ocellus facing forwards; postocular bristles

long. Mouth-cone broadly rounded, not quite reaching

across the prosternum. Antenne about 2°2 times the length

of head, set below vertex ; relative lengths of antennal joints

3 to 8 as follows:—20:19: 20: 21:23:18; two apical

joints slender.

Prothorax transverse, 0°5 as long as broad; pterothorax

nearly as broad as the width across fore-coxe, slightly

On new Species of Pyralide. 299

broader than long. Abdomen elongate, almost parallel to

segment 7. ‘Tube about 0°7 the length of the head. Abdo-

minal spines pointed.

Nearest 7’. femoralis, Moulton, from which it may be

distinguished by the shorter and more transverse prothorax,

the relative lengths of the distal antennal joints, the shorter

tube, and the colour of the fore-tibia and tube.

flab, West Arrica: Sierra Leone.

Numerous dried specimens in the British Museum.

XXX VIII.— Descriptions of new Species of Pyralidz of the

Subfamily Pyraustine. By Sir Georce F. Hampson,

Bart., F.Z.S., &c.

{Continued from p. 38. |

(7 b) Tegostoma confluentalis, sp. n.

?. Head, thorax, and abdomen white tinged with pale

brown. Fore wing reddish brown; the base suffused with

white ; the costal edge white ; an oblique white medial band,

straight from costa to vein 1, then curved outwards and

joining at inner margin the rather strong, obliquely curved,

yellowish-white postmedial line; termen narrowly white ;

cilia white. Hind wing white slightly tinged with brown.

Hab. Eexrr (Fortescue), 1 2 type. Exp. 26 mm.

(8a) Tegostoma anemica, sp. n.

3g. Head, thorax, and abdomen whitish tinged with pale

red-brown. Fore wing pale red-brown ; an oblique yellowish-

white postmedial band defined on outer side by red-brown.

Hind wing pale red-brown.

Hab. Batucnistan, Mekran Coast, Ormara (Cumming),

1 $type. Ezp. 12 mm.

(8a) Noctuelia tristrigalis, sp. n.

Black; fore coxz and mid femora with white streaks ;

abdomen with the ventral surface white except at extremity ;

anal tuft white. Fore wing with orange-yellow patch from

base extending below costa to beyond middle and to tornus,

leaving the costa and inner margin narrowly black, its outer

300 Sir G. F. Hanipson on new

edge straight, oblique, the subcostal and median nervures

and vein 1 streaked with black. Hind wing uniform black,

the underside somewhat brown.

Hab. Braziu, Castro Parafia, 1 ¢ type, type 2? in Coll.

Schaus. Hap. 28 mm.

(9a) Noctuelia auranticeps, sp. nu.

g. Head and tegule orange, the palpi at tips, frons, and

antenne black ; thorax and abdomen glossy blackish brown,

the latter with the genital tufts whitish. Fore wing brown

with a faint olive tinge, the veins blackish. Hind wing

black-brown slightly glossed with silvery blue; the underside

more strongly suffused with silvery blue.

Hab. Prrv, Pocuzo,2 ¢ type. Hap. 28 mm.

(10 a) Noctuelia mesozonalis, sp. n.

?. Palpi orange, brown at tips; frons and antenne

brown; vertex of head and base of tegule orange; thorax

brown; pectus and legs pale yellow, the fore tibiz with

fuscous bands at extremity ; abdomen dorsally brown, with

orange sides and pale yellow ventral surface, the extremity

brown. Fore wing red-brown with oblique pale yellow

medial band expanding somewhat towards costa. Hind wing

orange with broad brown terminal band expanding somewhat

at discal fold and narrowing towards tornus.

Hab. Arcuntina, Florenzia, Gran Chaco (Wagner), 1 2

type. Hap. 22 mm.

(17 a) Noctuelia annuliferalis, sp. n.

3g. White; head tinged with red-brown; palpi dark

brown, white below; tegule with brown line at base;

patagia with brown bars ; legs tinged with brown ; abdomen

with diffused dark brown segmental lines. Fore wing

yellowish white, with red-brown markings filled in with pure

white ; a brown point below base of cell and oblique striga

from base of costa conjoined by brown suffusion on costa to

the brown outline of two conjoined antemedial white spots

in and below the cell, the inner rather triangular, the outer

round, and each connected with inner margin by a brown

line; a rounded white spot defined by brown in end of cell

and a quadrate spot below end of cell connected with the

inner margin by an oblique brown line; the veins beyond the

cell streaked with brown ; a conical postmedial white patch

defined by brown from costa to vein 4, its inner defining line

Species of Pyralide. 301

not reaching costa, but bent round to the spots in end of

cell, a rounded spot below and beyond it between veins 5

and 2, and a lunulate spot nearer base in submedian inter-

space ; beyond the conical and rounded marks are six small

white spots in the interspaces defined by brown; a fine brown

terminal line ; cilia pure white with three small brown spots

at middle. Hind wing white, the termen tinged with

yellow; a brown medial line from below costa to vein 1,

forming a fork in and just below end of cell; postmedial

line strongly excurved between veins 5 and 2 and ending on

termen at vein 1, where it is rather irregular, and with a

brown bar across its sinus; a minutely waved subterminal

line, slightly excurved between veins 5 and 2, where it

terminates ; a fine brown terminal line; cilia pure white,

with series of small brown spots from apex to vein 2.

Hab. Transvaau, Pretoria (Janse), 1 2 ; Basuronanp,

Masite (Weigall), 1 g type; C. Cotony, Kokstad (Mrs.

Pringle), 1 $. Exp. 26 mm.

(176) Noctuelia albidalis, sp. n.

¢. White. Fore wing with the costal area faintly tinged

with brown to the postmedial line; a slight medial rufous

striga above vein 1 ; postmedial line represented by an oblique

rufous line from costa to vein 7, then a faint line with a few

dark scales on it from vein 6 nearer termen to vein 1, oblique

and slightly sinuous below vein 4, with a faint rather diffused

rufous line beyond it from vein 3 to inner margin; a rather

diffused, minutely waved, rufous subterminal line, indistinct

below vein 4; a fine black terminal line ; cilia with a slight

rufous line through them. Hind wing with the terminal

area tinged with brown; a fine black terminal line except

towards tornus ; cilia with a faint brown line near base, the

tips tinged with brown at apex and submedian interspace.

Hab. Persian Guir, Fao (Cumming), 1 9 type. Exp.

20 mm.

Genus STENOPTYCHA.

Type.

Stenoptycha, Zell. Stett. ent. Zeit. 1863, p. 154 ...... Tce

Atomopteryx, Wism. Ent. Mo. Mag. xxvii. p. 216

GISOR Ok et abril abet Sta S3phd ll Lids). Od 7, doeri.

Hind wing with veins 4, 5 coincident, arising from the cell

or stalked with vein 3.

A. Fore wing with semicircular postmedial dark mark

below costa.

a. Fore wing with the semicircular mark oblique and

produced at outer extremity ............e.eee erschoffiana.

302 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

b. Fore wing with the semicircular mark not oblique

or produced at outer extremity.

. Fore wing with the subterminal line obtusely

angled outwards below apex.

a’. Fore wing with the ground-colour bright

THLOUS WES A Els atts Eats de eMart tea mie ceelodactyla.

6?. Fore wing with the ground-colour purplish

Ted-DLOWNL, bake» soptikeeeees 6 ieee eee peruviana.

b'. Fore wing with the subterminal line acutely

angled outwards below apex ...........5+55- incalis.

B. Fore wing without semicircular postmedial dark mark

below costa.

a. Fore wing with the subterminal line very acutely

angled outwards below apex, then sharply bent

ATA HUTS a tate ea Worcrois oat te oe hates en egeers MCTa eer serpentiferd.

6. Fore wing with the subterminal line less acutely

angled outwards below apex, then incurved .... pterophoralis.

c. Fore wing with the subterminal line evenly and

obliquely curved below the angle below apex .. doeri.

(1) Stenoptycha erschoffiana, Zell. Hor. Ent. Soc. Ross, xiii.

p- 457, pl. vi. fig. 159 (1877).

Hab. CoiomBia.

(2) Stenoptycha ceelodactyla, Zell. Stett. ent. Zeit. 1863,

p- 154, pl. i. fig. 12.

Stenoptycha lindigi, Feld. Reis. Nov. pl. exl. fig. 61 (1874).

Stenoptycha zeller?, Butl. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1883, p. 57.

Agathodes dubitalis, Maasen, Stiibel’s Reise, p. 170, pl. ix. fig. 21

(1890).

Hab. Mexico; Costa Rica ; CotomsBra; Ecuapor ; Cait.

(3) Stenoptycha peruviana, Zell. Hor. Ent. Soc. Ross. xii.

p. 457 (1877).

Hab. Peru ; ARGENTINA.

(4) Stenoptycha incalis, sp. n.

3d. Head, thorax, and abdomen purplish rufous mixed

with some dark brown; antennz brownish ringed with

white, whitish towards tips; fore tibiz with blackish band

at extremity, the tarsi white with black band at extremity of

first joint; hind tibie and tarsi white; abdomen with

minute oblique subdorsal white streaks on first segment and

small subdorsal blackish spots on medial segments. Fore

wing purplish rufous shghtly irrorated and in parts suffused

with brown ; a slight dark antemedial shade on costal area

and minute tuft of raised blackish scales defined by a white

Species of Pyralide. 303

annulus on inner area; the discal fold thinly scaled from

before end of cell to termen, some whitish scales above it in

end of cell ; a rather semicircular whitish mark from below

end of cell to inner margin; a hoop-shaped black mark

below the costa beyond end of cell; some oblique brown striz

from apical part of costa ; subterminal line indistinct, dark,

slightly defined on outer side by whitish, angled outwards

below costa, then incurved to vein 4, where it is angled out-

wards, then oblique and very minutely waved to above inner

margin ; a narrow terminal dark band slightly defined on

inner side by a whitish line; cilia brown, white at tips

towards tornus. Hind wing semihyaline white; the veins

towards end of cell brownish ; a fine dark terminal line

expanding into a slight patch at vein 2 and emitting a short

streak on extremity of vein 1; cilia with a slight dark line

at middle towards apex and some brown at vein 2; the

underside with the costa brown.

Hab. Peru, Cuzco Mts. (Garlepp), 1 gS type. Eup.

24 mm.

(5) Stenoptycha serpentifera, sp. n.

Head, thorax, and abdomen purplish rufous mixed with

some dark brown ; antenne slightly ringed with blackish

towards base, whitish towards tips; fore tibiz with dark

band at extremity, the hind tibiz and the tarsi whitish ;

abdomen with whitish dorsal patch at base, the medial seg-

ments with subdorsal blackish spots. Fore wing purplish

rufous irrorated with blackish ; an antemedial black striga

from costa and rather triangular dark shade on inner area;

a brown spot defined by blackish in middle of cell, its upper

extremity produced ; a medial black line defined on outer

side by whitish from cell to inner margin, acutely angled

outwards in submedian fold; the discal fold thinly scaled

from middle of cell to near termen ; an oblique brown band

defined by blackish from below costa at end of cell to sub-

median fold, its upper extremity somewhat produced on

inner and outer sides; subterminal line blackish slightly

defined on outer side by whitish except towards costa,

acutely angled outwards below costa, then strongly bent

inwards and slightly angled outwards at vein 4, at sub-

median fold curving inwards and joining the oblique band ;

some slight dark spots on apical part of costa; a series of

black striz slightly defined on inner side by white before

termen; cilia brown, white at tips towards tornus. Hind

wing pale brown, the inner area whitish, with three oblique

dark bars; a small dark postmedial spot on vein 2 with

304 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

some dark irrorations before and beyond it; cilia white

with a brown line near base from apex to vein 2 and inter-

sected with brown at tips at veins 3 and 5.

Hab. Banamas, Nassau (Sir G. Carter, Bonhote), 4 9

type ; Cusa, Santiago (Schaus), 1 2, Matanzas (Schaus),

1 go. Hep. 16-20 mm.

(6) Stenoptycha pterophoralis, Wik. xxxiv. 1340 (1865).

Hab. Bawamas; Jamaica; Cupa; St. Domineo; An-

TiguA; CoLomBia; Br. Gurana.

(7) Stenoptycha doeri, Wism. Ent. Mo. Mag. xxvii. p. 216

(1891), and Nov. Lep. pl. xii. fig. 1.

Hab. Mexico; Cotompra ; Bonivia; S. Braziu.

Auctorum.

Stenoptycha unicolor, Hering, Stett, ent. Zeit. Ixvii. p. 147

(1906).

Perv.

Genus LinEopDEs. Type

Lineodes, Guen. Delt. & Pyr. p. 234 (1854) ........ hieroglyphalis.

Scoptonoma, Zell. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xxiil.

[Mes yiow CRY GUE Sea ar eistae wanda sy hae NAD ae integra.

A. Hind wing with comet-shaped brown discoidal mark

defined by black.

a. ae wing hyaline except the terminal area.

. Ground-colour of fore wing and terminal area of

hind wing bright red- Licowin Hecde see eerese hieroglyphals.

b'. Ground-colour of fore wing and terminal area of

hind wing dull reddish brown .............. convolutalis.

b, Hind wing brown, with a hyaline bar beyond the

discoidal MO Arls 5. thik te ab eibkis Macdldle dee esate ere petersent.

B. Hind wing with small brown spots defined by black

at upper and lower angles of cell.

a, Hind wing hyaline, the postmedial line well sepa-

rated from the lower discoidal spot............ tridentalis.

b. Hind wing tinged with brown, the postmedial line

connected with the lower discoidal BpOb ys 5 sep encystalis.

C. Hind wing with brown annulus defined by black and

some black irroration in centre at lower angle of

3 a a I otto Gear ek i a yc 2 ogy otc latipennis.

D Hind wing without brown discoidal marks defined

by black.

Hind wing with short curved black streak below

vein 2 near its base.

Fore wing with triangular white mark in end of

cell,

Species of Pyralide. 305

a>, Fore wing with the triangular mark in end of

cell defined by black.

a’, Fore wing with the triangular mark in end

of cell produced at lower extremity ...... dianalis,

6°. Fore wing with the triangular mark in end

of cell not produced at lower extremity .. tipuloides.

6°. Fore wing with the triangular mark in end of

cell not defined by Blank . oc... 2... .ks ens. hamulalis,

b’. Fore wing with curved white fascia defined by

black in lower extremity of cell ............ leucostrigalis.

b. Hind wing without black streak below vein 2.

a’. Fore wing with the subterminal line bent in-

wards at vein 3 and not forming a sinus below

that point.

a*. Fore wing with curved white streak defined

by black in lower extremity of cell ........ integra.

b°, Fore wing with triangular white mark defined

by black in end of cell.

a’. Fore wing with the triangular mark in end

of cell produced at lower extremity ...... interrupta.

6°. Fore wing with the triangular mark in end

of cell not produced at lower extremity .. contortalis.

b'. Fore wing with the subterminal line forming a

sinus below vein 3.

a’, Fore wing with the sinus of the postmedial

line short and broad.

a’. Fore wing with curved white fascia defined

by black in lower extremity of cell ...... mesodonta.

6°. Fore wing with conical white mark slightly

defined by blackish in end of cell........ aztecalis.

e*, Fore wing with diffused whitish mark not

defined by black in end of cell.

a‘, Fore wing grey-brown strongly irrorated

WAGE, LIEBE rermicreihe aby che sie nthe matt nin subextincta.

b*. Fore wing ochreous tinged with rufous

and slightly irrorated with black ...... ochrea.

b*, Fore wing with the sinus of the subterminal

line long and narrow.

a’. Fore wing with triangular white mark

defined by black in end of cell .......... Sontella.

6*®, Fore wing with conical white mark irro-

rated with brown in end of cell.

a‘, Fore wing pale red-brown ............ undulata.

b‘. Fore wing dark brown irrorated with

blackish.

a’, Fore wing with round dark spot in

middle of cell defined by a Y-shaped

whitish band ..........: PETE cyclophora.

OLCOR CY ites Cte nite ohraticce es oes serpulalis.

ce’. Fore wing without subterminal line .......... pelychroalis.

(1) Lineodes hieroglyphalis, Guen. Delt. & Pyr. p. 235, pl. iii.

fig. 6 (1854).

Hab. Bourvia; S. Braziz.

506 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

(2) Lineodes convolutalis, sp. n.

Lineodes hieroglyphalis, Druce, Biol. Centr.-Am., Het. ii. p. 264 (nee

Guen.).

2. Head, thorax, and abdomen red-brown mixed with

some dark brown ; palpi with some whitish in front; frons

with lateral white lmes. Fore wing pale red-brown irrorated

with dark brown; an antemedial whitish patch from cell to

inner margin, its outer edge angled outwards in submedian

fold ; an oblique wedge-shaped white patch defined by black

from middle of costa to median nervure; a triangular white

patch defined by black in end of cell, its lower edge concave,

its inner extremity conjoined to an oblique white mark below

the cell, with its outer edge angled on vein 2, and with an

oblique black line before its outer edge extending to inner

margin; a small white spot on costa above end of cell ; sub-

terminal line black defined on each side by white to discal

fold, then on outer side only, acutely angled outwards below

apex, then incurved, and at submedian fold curving inwards

and upwards to the outer extremity of the triangular patch

in end of cell; two minute white spots on costa towards

apex ; a white line before termen from below apex to above

vein 4 which is defined above and below by white streaks

extending to the subterminal line; a curved white striga

above tornus confluent with the sinus of the subterminal

line. Hind wing semihyaline whitish, the inner area tinged

with brown ; a comet-shaped brown discoidal mark defined

by blackish, its head turned downwards and extending to

submedian fold ; postmedial line black slightly defined on

outer side by whitish, oblique, ending at vein 2, the area

beyond it fuscous to the slightly sinuous white subterminal

line, defined on outer side by blackish and also ending at

vein 2; a terminal ochreous-brown band to vein 2; cilia

whitish, with a black line through them.

Hab. Costa Rica, lrazu (Rogers), 2 2 type, Candelaria

Mts. (Underwood), 1 ¢, Godman-Salvin Coll. Hap.22 mm,

(3) Lineodes peterseni, sp. n., Wlsm.

Scoptonoma petersent, Z. MS., Meyr. Tr. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1886, 2

(1886) ZN,

Antenne cinereous, spotted with fuscous. Palpicinereous,

with a dark brown stripe externally. Head chestnut-brown,

interspersed with a few whitish scales ; a dark brown shade,

margined with whitish, projects forward from the antenne.

Thorax brownish fuscous, the patagia and tegule mottled

Species of Pyralide. 307

with cinereous. Fore wings brown, tinged with ferruginous

toward the base of the dorsum, much mottled with darker

shades, and with several curved and angulated dark brownish-

fuscous streaks margined with white ; the first, within the

basal fourth, narrowly margined with white on both sides;

the second, about the middle of the wing, angulate outward,

margined widely on the inner and narrowly on the outer

side with white ; above these are two lunate semitransparent

white patches, the first small, communicating narrowly with

the second, which is larger and dark-margined ; beyond this

conspicuous white patch is an inwardly curved dark fuscous

streak, narrowly pale-margined ; this is followed by a more

important curved and angulate line of the same colour, its

acute outer angle pointing toward the apex and reverting to

the costa; this line is also margined with white; beneath

this, and extending nearly to the apex, is a dark quadrate

patch containing two pale brownish lines, margined on its

lower and outer edge by a narrow white line, sharply angu-

late inward above the middle of the termen, parallel to which

it runs thence nearly to the tornus; three or four costal

streaks, toward the apex, appear to continue the ornamenta-

tion produced by some conspicuous dark interruptions in the

pale cilia of the termen. zp. al. 21-22 mm. Hind wings

brownish fuscous, with white and dark fuscous spots and

lines ; about the middle of the wing is a dark fuscous spot,

preceded by a small pale space, and followed by a larger

one, around the edge of which, except at its costal extremity,

runs a dark fuscous line margined with white; a dark

fuscous line along the termen is preceded by a narrow white

line and followed by a darker fuscous line in the dirty whitish

cilia. Abdomen pale brownish, with darker lateral lines.

Legs brownish ; the anterior tibie fringed at the end with

fuscous scales.

Type g (101631) Mus. Wlsm. (Zell. Coll.) B.M. [Pr

(101643) Mus. Meyr.].

Hab. Corompra (Petersen) ; Jiminez, 1600 ft., III. 1907

(W. F. H. Rosenberg). Eight specimens.

Seven specimens of this species were in the Zeller Collec-

tion labelled “ Scoptonoma peterseni, Z. lit. Columbia”; one

of these specimens (101643) is referred to by Meyrick (Tr.

Ent. Soc. Lond. 1886, 2).

(4) Lineodes tridentalis, sp. n.

$. Head, thorax, and abdomen reddish brown mixed with

some white and blackish ; palpi with black mark on ‘first

joint, the second joint black above, the third joit black ;

308 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

frons with black streaks at sides; antenne with the shaft

ringed with blackish towards base; fore tibiz blackish on

inner side, the hind tibiz blackish at extremity, the tarsi

ochreous white; abdomen with blackish segmental lines

except at base. Tore wing rufous slightly suffused in parts

with fuscous ; an antemedial white spot in submedian inter-

space, with black striz at middle and on outer edge, an

oblique wedge-shaped white spot defined at sides by black

beyond it in cell; a triangular white patch defined by black

in end of cell, its lower edge somewhat concave, its inner

extremity conjomed to an oblique bidentate white spot

defined by black in submedian interspace, defined by white

on outer side with a black point beyond its upper tooth and

a black striga from it to inner margin; two whitish points

on postmedial part of costa; subterminal line black, defined

on each side by white towards costa, acutely angled outwards

below apex, then incurved, excurved at middle, and at sub-

median fold retracted upwards to the outer extremity of the

triangular patch in end of cell ; a black line before termen

defined on inner side by a narrow white band edged with

black from just below costa to discal fold, where it expands

ou inner side into a spot, then slightly defined on inner side

by white; a fine minutely waved black terminal line not

extending to apex ; cilia white, with black marks at apex,

middle, and tornus. Hind wing semihyaline whitish, the

inner area tinged with brown; slight brownish spots at

upper angle of cell and below lower angle, the latter with

black striga on its outer edge; a sinuous blackish sub-

terminal line from costa to vein 2; the terminal area brown

except towards tornus, with a sinuous blackish lie defined

on inner side by whitish from costa to vein 2 ; cilia white,

with a black line near base; the underside with the costa

suffused with red-brown, black spots on subcostal nervure at

middle and end of cell, the subterminal line strong and

black from costa to discal fold.

Hab. Br. Guiana (Rodway), 1 3 type; Boxivia, 1 ¢.

Exp. 18-20 mm.

(5) Lineodes encystalis, sp. n.

9. Head, thorax, and abdomen ochreous mixed with red-

brown; palpi yellowish, with some black scales on first

joint, the second joint black behind, the third joint black ;

frons with black and white streaks at sides; abdomen with

lateral tuft of blackish scales except towards base. Fore

wing yellowish suffused with red-brown and slightly irrorated

with blackish ; an antemedial white bar on inner area defined

Species of Pyralide. 309

at sides by black, an oblique white bar defined at sides by

black beyond it from costa ; a triangular white patch defined

by black in end of cell, its lower edge rather concave, its

inner extremity conjoined to a bidentate white mark in sub-

median interspace, with a bidentate black line near its outer

edge and an oblique black striga from it to inner margin 3

two white points on postmedial part of costa ; subterminal

line black, defined on each side by white to discal fold,

acutely angled outwards below apex, then incurved, slightly

angled outwards at vein 4, and at vein 3 bent inwards and

upwards to the outer extremity of the triangular white

patch in end of cell ; a minutely waved black line defined on

inner side by white before termen from below apex to discal

fold, where it expands into a small wedge-shaped spot, and a

fine sinuous white line from vein 3 to tornus; cilia white

chequered with black towards apex, at middle, and at tornus.

Hind wing whitish suffused with brown ; a small blackish

annulus with blackish point in centre below end of cell; a

slight sinuous, oblique, blackish, postmedial line from costa

to submedian fold; traces of a sinuous whitish line before

termen from costa to submedian fold; cilia white, with a

black line through them ; the underside with patches of

blackish scales on subcostal nervure at middle and end of cell,

and an oblique, rather diffused, black postmedial line from

costa to discal fold.

Hab. Grenava, Mount Gay (H. H. Smith), 3 2 type;

St. Vincent (H. H. Smith), 1 ¢.* Exp. 18 mm.

(6a) Lineodes latipennis, sp. n., Wlsm.

Antennz cinereous. Palpi cinereous, mottled externally

with dark brown scales. Head ferruginous brown ; face

dirty whitish, shaded with ferruginous brown, a dark brown

spot between the eyes. Thorax ferruginous, mottled ante-

riorly and laterally with dark brown, and posteriorly with

dark brown and dirty whitish scales. Fore wings ferru-

ginous brown, streaked and mottled with dark fuscous

scales, with a pale basal patch and two semitransparent

quadrate costal spots, and some white costal streaks before

the apex; at the base, occupying almost one-third of the

dorsum, but narrowed towards the costa, is a creamy white

basal patch with some admixture of pale ferruginous scales,

containing two dark spots—one dorsal, at the extreme base,

the other subcostal, slightly removed from the base ; on the

costa, at about one-third, is a slightly oblique, dark-

margined, semitransparent, iridescent, pearly white patch,

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xii. 22

310 Sir G. F, Hampson on new

followed by a larger quadrate patch of the same colour on

the middle of the costa, also bordered by a narrow dark

fuscous line which is continued beneath along the cubitus ;

on the costa toward the apex are three oblique white streaks,

the first and largest containing a dark fuscous line, sharply

angulate outwardly toward the apex, and continued in an

undulating course, nearly parallel with the termen, until it

approaches the tornus, where it is bent backward and up-

ward toward the costa, slightly below which it is connected

with the outer border of the quadrate white spot ; before

this line the dorsal half of the wing is much clouded with

dark fuseous, and beyond it an elongate dark cloud precedes

the upper half of the termen, on which are three white

streaks running through the ferruginous darkly mottled cilia.

Exp. al.17 mm. Hind wings similar to the fore wings in

ornamentation and colouring; with a quadrate, semi-

transparent, iridescent, pearly white patch about the middle

of the wing in the basal half, produced narrowly upward

toward the costa, margined on either side by dark fuscous

lines, and followed by dark fuscous shading, interrupted in

the middle by the paler ground-colour, through which run

two transverse fuscous lines ; the middle of the dorsum is

shaded with dark fuscous, a whitish streak running through

the ferruginous cilia below the apex. Abdomen dirty

whitish, mottled at the base and sides with dark fuscous

scales. Legs: posterior tibiz nearly three times the length

of the femora, cinereous; the tarsi dirty whitish; anterior

tibie and tarsi white, stained with pale ferruginous, a con-

spicuous fringe of mottled fuscous scales at the end of the

tibiee.

Type 2 (101642) Mus. Wlsm. (Zell. Coll.). B.M.

Hab. Coromsta (Petersen). Unique.

(7) Lineodes dianalis, sp. n.

Red-brown ; palpi pale at base, blackish at tips; frons

with lateral white streaks ; patagia and metathorax with

slight black spots; abdomen with dorsal and lateral series of

blackish points and sublateral fuscous streaks. Fore wing

slightly suffused with blackish; subbasal black points on

costa and in cell ; antemedial line black, defined by white on

inner side, acutely angled outwards on median nervure, and

very oblique towards costa and inner margin ; an oblique

white striga on costa above end of cell; postmedial line

black, defined by yellowish white on outer side and also on

inner side below the cell, obliquely incurved from costa to

Spectes of Pyralide. FA

vein 5, where it is very acutely angled, then retracted to

upper angle of cell, oblique to origin of vein 2, on which

it is angled outwards, then oblique to inner margin; sub-

terminal line black defined by white on outer side, very

acutely angled outwards below apex, then strongly incurved

to vein 5, and prominently defined by white on each side,

forming a lunulate mark, oblique between veins 5 and 2,

then retracted with an outward curve to the angle of post-

medial line and running as a fine streak to lower angle of

cell, a black patch beyond it below apex; a white line just

before termen, incurved below apex, excurved at middle,

then incurved; cilia black at base, white at tips. Hind

wing yellowish suffused with brown, the costal area and

terminal area to vein 2 red-brown; the inner margin

suffused with black towards tornus; a brown discoidal spot

conjoined to the costal area; an oblique slightly sinuous

black postmedial line from vein 4 to submedian fold, with

black striga before it below vein 2 ; a slightly sinuous white

subterminal line; cilia black at base, white at tips.

Hab. Brazir, Sao Paulo (Jones), 1 g type, Rio Janeiro,

Tijuca (Wagner),1 9,1 2. Hap. 24mm.

(8) Lineodes tipuloides, W1sm. P. Z. S. 1891, p. 493.

Hab. Trinipap.

(9) Lineodes hamulalis, sp. n.

?. Head and thorax pale grey-brown; palpi blackish;

frons with black lateral streaks ; abdomen pale grey-brown

tinged with rufous except at base, some black irroration at

sides. Fore wing pale grey-brown suffused in parts with

rufous; an oblique whitish antemedial line from cell to inner

margin, slightly defined at sides by blackish scales ; an ill-

defined whitish triangular patch in end of cell, an oblique

whitish band from its inner extremity to inner margin, with

a slight blackish line near its outer edge ; an oblique wedge-

shaped discoidal mark, defined by black except above ; some

small black spots on apical part of costa ; subterminal line

black, defined on each side by whitish to discal fold, then on

outer side only, acutely angled outwards below apex, then

incurved, excurved at middle, then oblique, at submedian

fold forming a hook and retracted upwards to the discoidal

mark, some black suffusion beyond it at discal fold before

the whitish line before termen which is excurved at middle,

meurved above and below middle, aud with black points

beyond it at discal fold and tornus. Hind wing whitish

312 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

suffused with brown ; a minute blackish annulus at upper

angle of cell; a minute streak below lower angle and some

black strize on inner area; traces of a sinuous blackish sub-

terminal line; a rather punctiform black terminal line

slightly defined on inner side by whitish; cilia white, with a

black line through them; the underside with the costal area

irrorated with black, a black spot at upper angle of cell, the

subterminal line more distinct and angled inwards at discal

fold.

Hab. Axrcentina, Tucuman (Dinelly), 1 2 type. Hap.

24 mm.

(10) Lineodes leucostrigalis, sp. u.

3. Red-brown ; palpi pale, with black bars at extremity

of first jot and tips; frons black at base of sides, then with

lateral white streaks ; pectus and legs pale ; abdomen pale

ochreous, with lateral red-brown fasciez. Fore wing with

the costal area pale, with two linear red-brown marks defined

by black towards apex ; antemedial line slight, black, defined

by white on inner side below the cell, acutely angled out-

wards on median nervure and very oblique toward costa

and inner margin ; postmedial line black, arising from below

costa, oblique to vein 4, where it is acutely angled, then

retracted to upper angle of cell, and with curved yellowish

streak below it, then oblique to origin of vein 2, on which it

is acutely angled outwards, then oblique to inner margin

and defined on each side by pale yellow; subterminal line

black, defined on outer side by white from costa to vein 5,

forming a very elongate and acute tooth outwards below

apex, then very strongly incurved to vein 5 and defined by

white also on inner side, again bent outwards, oblique and

slightly sinuous to vein 2, then retracted to angle of post-

medial line and forming a slight streak to lower angle of

cell, a black patch beyond its sinus, defined by white on

outer and lower sides and with fine white streaks on the two

veins traversing it; a strigiform white subterminal line

between veins 5 and 1, angled inwards in submedian fold; a

fine black terminal line ; cilia chequered black and white.

Hind wing pale yellowish, the terminal area red-brown

from apex to vein 1, very broad at costa and angled inwards

at discal and submedian folds ; a blackish patch at tornus ; a

brown spot at upper angle of cell; a fine oblique black post-

medial line between vein 5 and submedian foid, with black

striga before it below vein 2; a slightly sinuous white line

just before termen from apex to submedian fold; cilia

orange at base, with black medial line and white tips.

Hab. Bouivia, Yungas la Paz, 2 ¢ type. Hap. 26 mm.

Species of Pyralidz. 313

(11) Lineodes integra, Zell. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien,

Xxiil. p. 328, pl. iv. fig. 44 (1878).

Hab. U.S.A., Texas, Florida; Cupa; Grenapa.

(12) Lineodes interrupta, Zell. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien,

XXill. p. 329 (1878).

Hab. U.S.A., Texas.

(13) Lineodes contortalis, Guen. Delt. & Pyr. p. 236 (1854).

Hab. Mexico; S. Brazin; ArGentrNa,

(14) Lineodes mesodonta, sp. n.

Scoptonoma tipuloides, Wism. P. Z. S. 1891, p. 393 ( part.).

Head and thorax purplish rufous mixed with some whitish

and black ; palpi with minute black streak at base of second

joint and the extremity of second joint and the third joint

blackish ; frons whitish, with fuscous patch at middle ; tarsi

whitish ; abdomen ochreous brown, with slight lateral black

points on medial segments. Fore wing whitish suffused with

red-brown; whitish streaks below base of costa and cell 1a

very oblique whitish antemedial bar defined at sides by black

from submedian fold to inner margin; a triangular whitish

mark in end of cell defined above by black, which forms an

oblique black-defined tooth on discocellulars ; a very oblique

white mark from below end of cell to above inner margin, its

upper extremity acutely angled outwards, defined by black

on inner side and with a fine black line near its outer edge ;

subterminal line black, defined on each side by white to

vein 4, then slightly by white on outer side, acutely angled

outwards below apex, then incurved, excurved at middle and

at submedian fold retracted upwards to the discoidal tooth,

a patch of black suffusion beyond it, with white streaks on

veins 7, 6 before the white line before termen, defined on

outer side by blackish, at discal fold expanding on inner

side into a spot, and excurved at middle ; cilia white,

chequered with black at apex, middle, and tornus. Hind

wing semihyaline white, a black terminal line defined on

inner side by white, with some brownish suffusion before it

from apex to vein 2 ; cilia white, ochreous at base, and with

black medial line to vein 2; the underside with the costa

suffused with brown, a black streak in upper part of cell.

Hab. CoromBta (Petersen), 4 3,1 ¢ type. Kap. 20-

22 mm.

314 Sir G. F. Hampsou on new

(15) Lineodes aztecalis, sp. u.

Lineodes contortalis, Druce, Biol. Centr.-Am., Het. ii. p. 264 (nec

Guen.).

9. Head, thorax, and abdomen pale brown; palpi

blackish towards tips; sides of frons blackish; abdomen

with small dorsal blackish spot at base. Fore wing pale

greyish brown; an oblique medial black shade defined at

sides by fine black lines from cell to inner margin; a

discoidal spot slightly defined at sides by blackish, angled

inwards above on subcostal nervure, a black point above it

on costa ; subterminal line black defined on outer side by

whitish to vein 4, very acutely angled outwards below apex,

then incurved, below vein 4 indistinct, oblique and sinuous

to just above inner margin, then retracted upwards to the

discoidal spot ; a white line defined on each side by blackish

suffusion before termen, between veins 6 and 4 strongly

bidentate inwards, forming a rather diffused W-mark, in-

curved below vein 3 and ending on termen above tornus ;

cilia ochreous at base, with black medial line, the tips white

chequered with black. Hind wing semihyaline whitish; a

black terminal line defined on inner side by white, with

brown suffusion before it towards costa; cilia ochreous at

base, with black medial line and white tips slightly mixed

with blackish; the underside with the costa brownish

irrorated with black, a blackish spot at upper angle of cell.

Hab. Mexico, Jalapa (Trujillo), 1 2 type, Godman-

Salvin Coll. Hap. 26 mm.

(16) Lineodes subextincta, Wism. Faun. Hawaii, i. p. 470,

plex. fe. (1907).

Hab, Hawatt.

(17) Lineodes ochrea, Wism. Faun. Hawaii, i. pp. 469, 731,

pl. x. fig. 1 (1907).

Hab. Hawaii.

(18) Lineodes fontella, sp. n., Wlsm.

Lineodes contortalis, Hmpsn. P. Z.8. 1899, p. 284; Dyar, N. Am. Lep.

p. 394 (nec Guen.).

Antennz whitish ochreous. Palpi whitish ochraceous,

with a brownish fuscous streak along their upper sides.

Head whitish ochreous, with a fuscous spot above. Thorax

whitish ochreous, tinged anteriorly with fawn-brown. Fore

Species of Pyralide. 315

wings whitish ochreous, partially suffused with fawn-brown,

blending to dark brownish fuscous in the more conspicuous

markings, and becoming almost black in narrow lines along

their edges; there are five small dark fuscous spots on the

costa—one near the base, one at one-third, and a group of

three on the outer third ; the more conspicuous markings

consist of an outwardly oblique band arising from the dorsum

before the middle, nearly fading out below the costa, but

thence angulate outward and tapering obliquely downward

to an acute apex, pointing toward the middle of the termen

—this mark is narrowly and distinctly outlined with

blackish, except on the side facing the costa; between this

and the termen is a curiously straggling narrow dark line,

set in a pale intermission among the general brownish

suffusion ; commencing on the costa, at about one-seventh

from the apex, this line runs very obliquely outward nearly to

the apex, where it is acutely angulate—it then forms a more

obtuse angle below its point of origin, whence it is continued

nearly to the middle of the termen, angulate again and con-

tinued to above and before the tornus, abruptly twisted

backward nearly to the projecting point of the great median

shade, and again abruptly twisted and sinuate, reaching

nearly to the dorsum beyond the middle, a dark brown patch

lying a little beyond its inner extremity; the termen is

marked throughout by a line of the whitish ground-colour,

succeeded by a dark brownish fuscous line, again by a pale

fawn-brown line in the basal half of the whitish ochreous

cilia—all these angulate outward at the middle of the termen

and ending in a dark spot at the extreme apex, from which a

dark streak is continued inward and downward, terminating

abruptly before reaching the zigzag line. zp. al. 16-

17 mm. Hind wings and cilia pale greyish ochreous, a

slight fuscous submarginal suffusion toward the apex, with

one or two transverse dark lines below the end of the cell, a

dark line also along the base of the cilia. Abdomen whitish

ochreous, a dark fawn band across its basal half. Legs

whitish ochreous, with minute darker spots above at the ends

of the tarsal joints.

Type 2 (97212, Jamaica) Mus. Wlsm., B.M.

Hab. America, N-I-S. Unirep Srares—Florida: 1846

(E. Doubleday) ; Miami, 1897 (W. Schaus). West Inpies

—Jamaica; St. Andrew: Constant Springs, 29. XII. 1904

(Wism.) ; Newcastle, 1898. Sourn America — British

Guiana, Rockstone, 25. 1V.-9. V. (W.J. Kaye) ; Brazil, Sio

Paulo, 1889 (EZ. D. Jones). Eight specimens.

516 Sir G. F, Hampson en new

(19) Lineodes undulata, sp. n., Wism.

Antenne pale cinereous, faintly barred with fuscous.

Palpi cinereous. Head and thorax pale cinereous. Fore

wings pale cinereous, with whitish markings—slightly visible

on the underside; at about one-third from the base is a very

faintly indicated oblique whitish streak, nearer to the base

on the dorsum than on the costa; about the middle of the

wing is a rather wide whitish fascia, reaching nearly to the

costa, but tending slightly outward above the middle of the

wing ; the central portion of this fascia is shaded with pale

cinereous, and its inner margin is more clearly defined than

its outer—both are sinuate; toward the apex of the wing isa

curved white streak, with a dark cinereous line along its

middle; this streak is clearly defined above, but is only faintly

traceable below the middle of the wing—leaving the costa

immediately below the apex, its direction tends downward

toward the tornus ; beyond this, but connected with it on

the costa, is a slender undulating white line passing along

the termen to the tornus ; this is also more clearly defined

above than below the middle of the wing—about the middle

of the termen one of the undulations of this line forms a

slight inverted angle ; two or three dark spots occur on the

outer half of the costa, and one or two near the base ; cilia

pale cinereous, with a fuscous line near the base. Hap. al.

16-21 mm. Hind wings pale fuscous, without markings ;

cilia pale cinereous, with a fuscous line near their base.

Abdomen whitish at the base, thence cinereous, the fringes

at the edges of the segments somewhat darker ; anal claspers

of g very long, pale cinereous. Legs pale cinereous.

Type, ¢ (3264); ¢ (3093) Mus. Wlsm., B.M.

Hab. Peru, Callao, 28. I. 1882 (21. I1I.—31. VIIT.) 1881,

5. XI. 1883 (J. J. Walker). ‘Three specimens.

The median fascia is much straighter in undulata than in

integra Z., interrupta Z., or tipuloides Wism. Commander

Walker, to whom I am indebted for this species, notes that

it was ‘‘ taken flying at sunset in a weedy field.”

(20) Lineodes cyclophora, sp. n.

Lineodes serpulalis, Druce, Biol, Centr.-Am., Het. ii. p. 265 (nec Led.).

Head, thorax, and abdomen red-brown ; palpi with

blackish streaks at sides ; frons whitish, with blackish spot

at middle; antenne with whitish and brown rings towards

base; hind tibize towards extremity and the tarsi whitish;

abdomen with lateral black spots on medial segments. Fore

wing red-brown slightly irrorated with blackish; a fine,

oblique, waved, antemedial brown line defined on inner side

Species of Pyralide. 317

by whitish from cell to inner margin ; a whitish patch from

middle of costa to median nervure, enclosing an elliptical

brown spot, and with a whitish band from it to inner margin,

with its sides excised at middle; a small postmedial whitish

spot on costa and slight marks towards apex; subterminal

line black, defined on each side by white to discal fold, then

slightly by white on outer side only, acutely angled outwards

below apex, then incurved, slightly excurved below vein 4,

and ending above tornus, a blackish streak before it in discal

fold and some reddish beyond it at tornus ; a fine minutely

waved white line slightly defined on each side by black before

termen. Hind wing whitish suffused with brown, especially

in end of cell and on terminal area to submedian fold; a

fine slightly sinuous whitish line before termen from apex

to submedian fold; cilia white with a blackish line through

them ; the underside whiter, the costal area irrorated with

blackish, the brown spot in end of cell more distinct, a

whitish subterminal line slightly defined on each side by

brown lines from costa to vein 2.

Hab. Mexico, Presidio (Forrer), 1 ¢ type; BanaMas,

Nassau (Sir G. Carter, Bonhote),2 9. Exp, 20 mm.

(21) Lineodes serpulalis, Led. Wien. ent. Mon. 1863, p. 417,

pl. xv. fig. 8.

LTineodes peridialis, Wik. xix. 948 (1859).

Hab. Perv; S. Brazit; Paracuay.

(22) Lineodes polychroalis, sp. n.

¢. Head and thorax purplish red-brown, the metathorax

with slight whitish streak ; fore coxze and fore and mid tibie

suffused with blackish, the tarsi whitish ; abdomen purplish

red, a dorsal whitish streak on three basal segments, the

medial segments blackish at sides, the anal tuft reddish

ochreous. Fore wing purplish red, extending below the

costa to well beyond middle and on inner area to tornus, the

rest of terminal area yellow with diffused red streaks on the

veins ; some diffused black on antemedial area from costa

to median nervure and an oblique black line from the cell to

inner margin, with a black streak beyond it in submedian

fold; a white point in middle of cell and a semihyaline

white bar defined by blackish across the cell towards its

extremity, an obliquely incurved white mark from the bar to

vein 1, with a triangular black patch irrorated with white

before it and some black beyond it ; a whitish fascia in diseal

fold beyond the cell and some whitish on postmedial part of

costa; an orange-yellow streak below terminal part of

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xii. 23

318 On new Species of Pyralide.

vein 2; a terminal series of white striz ; cilia purplish red

at base, then white, and with black tips. Hind wing semi-

hyaline white; the apex with some brownish streaks below

it; a small wedge-shaped yellow and purplish-red patch

below extremity of vein 2; the termen with fine reddish-

brown line in places; the underside with the costal area

blackish towards base, purplish red towards apex.

Hab. 8, Peru, Uruhuasi (Watkins), 1 g type. Eup.

34 mm.

AUCTORUM.

Lineodes pulchralis, Guen. Delt. & Pyr. p. 235 (1854) .. S. Brazil.

» gracillalis, Herr.-Schitt. Verh. Corresp.-Blatt.

Revensh. xxv. p. 22 (1868) 7 pas vee ecw Cuba.

3 multisignalis, Herr.-Schatl. Verh. Corresp.-Blatt.

Regensh. Kxv.sp.'22 (868) i caw. pies Cuba.

5 triangulalis, Méschl. Abh. Senck, Ges. xvi.

D805 11800) 52 es cpa RG owes able nie er Porto Rico.

» metagrammalis, Méschl. Abh. Senck. Ges. xvi.

DOOD (1E80) a alo oe itis ete oe ee Porto Rico.

» albicinata, Hering, Stett. ent. Zeit. Ixvii. p. 151

(1906 y o Bios Seu cian Oe kicks wie eieoes Sieternte Brazil.

» furcillata, Hering, Stett. ent. Zeit. Ixvii. p. 150

(AD0B) Ste eaicic ns hitb noe cer ee ee ee Bolivia.

» pulcherrima, Hering, Stett. ent. Zeit. Ixvii.

Di LOD (TOO) Mee cue re muaerte woke eine eaietem ots Peru.

Genus PALZOoDEs, nov.

Proboscis well developed ; palpi porrect, the second joint

extending twice the length of head and fringed with hair

above and below, the third well developed, naked, acuminate ;

maxillary palpi strongly dilated with scales ; frons rounded ;

antenne of male shorter than fore wing, serrate and strongly

ciliated ; legs long and slender, the spurs long and even.

Fore wing long and narrow, the apex produced and acute,

the termen excised below apex; veins 3 and 5 from close to

angle of cell; 6 from below upper angle; 7, 8, 9 from

angle; 10 from near angle; 11 free. Hind wing with

veins 3, 4 from angle of cell; 5 from middle of disco-

cellulars ; ; 6,7 from upper angle, 7 anastomosing shortly

with 8 ; the apex produced ; the termen sinuous, excurved

at middle.

* Paleodes samealis, sp. n.

gd. White ; head, thorax, and abdomen strongly irrorated

with brown ; palpi brown except at base; fore legs fuscous,

the tarsi ringed with brown. Fore wing strongly irrorated

with brown; the basal area suffused with brown; some

blackish marks on costa; an elliptical brown spot in ‘middle

Geological Society. 319

of cell, with an obscure band from it to inner margin ; a

dark-edged brown discoidal spot on a diffused brown band ;

a diffused terminal band from costa to above tornus. Hind

wing irrorated with brown ; an antemedial series of three

points ; a dark-edged discoidal brown spot with dark band

from it to tornus ; a diffused dark apical patch and some

points on termen.

Hab. Quernstann (Barnard). Exp. 16 mm. Type in

Coll. Rothschild.

PROCEEDINGS OF LEARNED SOCIETIES,

GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

April 23rd, 1913.—Dr. Aubrey Strahan, F.R.S., President,

in the Chair.

The following communications were read :—

1. ‘On the Fossil Flora of the Pembrokeshire Portion of the

South Wales Coalfield.’ By Reginald H. Goode, B.A.

Of the fifty-three determinable species of fossil plants obtained

from the Pembrokeshire portion of the South Wales Coalfield,

three are new species. One may be referred to Linopteris bron-

gniartt Gutb., a plant which has not with certainty been found

before in Britain.

From the paleobotanical evidence it is clear that the so-called

‘Pennant Grit’ of Pembrokeshire cannot be regarded as the

equivalent of the Pennant Grit of the main portion of the South

Wales Coalfield: for the plants indicate that these beds are

Middle Coal Measures, and do not belong to the Transition Series.

The Lower Coal Series also clearly belongs to the Middle Coal

Measures; and the Settlings Beds, and perhaps the Falling Cliff

Beds as well, lie probably at a higher horizon than the Lower Coal

Series as developed farther east along the Saundersfoot coast, and

even possibly higher than the Timber Vein group.

Until more plants have been obtained from the so-called ‘ Mill-

stone Grit’ of Pembrokeshire, it is impossible to fix definitely

the horizon of these beds from the paleeobotanical evidence. How-

ever, from the fossil plants obtained in the so-called ‘ Millstone

Grit ’ of Monkstone Point, and in neighbouring beds belonging to

the Lower Coal Series, between which there is no apparent uncon-

formity, it is evident that these particular beds, assigned to the

Millstone Grit, probably belong to the Middle Coal Measures.

When the fossil plants which have been obtained from the

Pembrokeshire Coalfield are compared with those which have been

recorded from the main South Wales Coalfield, it is evident that

there are considerable differences in the occurrence of the species.

Thirty-two fossil plants have been obtained from the Middle

Coal Measures of Pembrokeshire which have not as yet been

320 Geological Society.

recorded from those of the main South Wales Coalfield, and hence

are additions to our knowledge of the flora of the Middle Coal

Measures of South Wales.

2. ‘The Halesowen Sandstone Series of the Southern End of the

South Staffordshire Coalfield; and the Petrified Logs of Wood

found therein at Witley Colliery, Halesowen (Worcestershire).’

By Henry Kay, F.G.S. With an Appendix on the Structure of

a New Species of Dadoxylon, by HE. A. Newell Arber, M.A.,

Se.D., F.LS., F.G.S.

The Halesowen Sandstones are separable from the Old Hill

Marls by a series of passage-beds consisting of conglomerate-bands,

marl-bands, and ironshot sandstones.

At the summit of the series is Prof. Charles Lapworth’s ‘ Spirorbis

Limestone Group,’ which is re-named the ‘ Illey Group,’ in conse-

quence of the discovery of Spirorbis limestone at other horizons.

The Halesowen coal-seam and associated beds of blue clay form

a definite intermediate horizon traceable across the coalfield. On

this is based a classification consisting of :—

Thickness in feet.

(5) othe Miley: (Groupies ncsessscesse act esea eer 100 to 120

(4) The: Hasbury Group” =..-c1-eenssseserseree vse 120 to 150

(3) The Halesowen Coal and Clays............... 10 to 50

(2) The Witley Group .......... Sh. teach weoereeepee 200

()/MEhexRassage Beds) to. c.cooceyccvessr cee seeans 0 to 100

The area is folded into two anticlines with a deep central syncline

ranging south-south-eastwards, and the strata have a persistent

south-south-easterly dip. The northern face is let down by a fault

repeating the lower beds. Other faults throw southwards, and yet

others intersect the anticlines. Unconformities occur at the base

and at the summit of the Hasbury Group in the Wassel Grove

area, the former being largely buried by horizontal members of the

group. Mining operations show the existence of a buried anti-

cline with the full Coal-Measure Series, but cutting out successively

the Old Hill Marls, the Passage Beds, and a great part of the

Witley Group. This is cut off by a fault only from the exposed

Netherton Anticline immediately on the north, the uprise of which

in early Upper Carboniferous time is therefore inferred.

The Keele Beds rest unconformably near the buried anticline

upon the [ley Group, and upon various members of the Hasbury

Group, and are themselves much reduced in thickness. Additional

uplift of the anticline in later Upper Carboniferous time is suggested

as the cause.

The Witley Colliery railway-cutting shows big logs of petrified

wood very finely preserved by calcite, and indisputably of Upper

Carboniferous age. The wood has been examined by Dr. Newell

Arber, who finds it to have Araucarian affinities, but of a species

new to science. In consequence of its Paleozoic age, it is referred

to the genus Dadoxylon. The type of preservation is also new to this

horizon in this country, and the discovery of Dadowylon at Witley

constitutes a new record for British Upper Carboniferous rocks.

Among the associated plants are Calamites, Lepidodendron, etc.

THE ANNALS

MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY,

[EIGHTH SERLES.]

No. 70. OCTOBER 1913.

XXXIX.—Descriptions of new Species of Staphylinide from

the West Indies. By Maxtcotm Cameron, M.B., R.N.,

F.E.S.

Paarl,

LIsPINI.

1. Lispinus claviger, sp. n.

(Fauvel, i litt.)

Black, shining ; thorax and elytra red; antenne and legs,

posterior margins of first four visible abdominal segments

narrowly, the penultimate broadly, and the last entirely

reddish testaceous.

Length 2 mm.

Size of L. nigrifrons, Fvl., but the much less depressed

form, more shining, differently coloured, distinctly but

sparingly punctured thorax, and the very slight ground-

sculpture of the fore parts readily distinguish it.

Head black, slightly rufescent in front, with a well-

marked fovea on either side between the eyes, feebly and

sparingly punctured, with a fine transverse strigose ground-

sculpture and a few fine setw. Antenne pilose, with the

first three joints gradually decreasing in length; fourth and

fifth about as long as broad; sixth small, transverse ; seventh

to tenth much more strongly transverse; eleventh short,

oval. ‘Thorax distinctly transverse, as wide as the elytra, the

sides slightly rounded in front, the basal third narrowed ina

Ann. & Mag. N. list. Ser. 8. Vol. xii. 24

322 Mr. M. Cameron on new Staphylinide

straight line to the posterior angles, which are obtuse,

impressed on either side before the base : puncturation

rather large, sparing, and scattered ; ground-seulpture stri-

gose, feeble. Elytra longer than the thorax, a little longer

than broad, parallel, with distinct sutural stria, internal to

which is a row of four or five punctures and externally two

setigerous pores ; the disc with a very few, very fine obsolete

punctures and scarcely perceptible ground- sculpture. Scu-

tellum transversely strigose, with a few marginal punctures.

Abdomen with sparing, more or less erect, yellow pubescence

and distinct ground-sculpture forming a scaly pattern,

St. Vincent (H. H. Smith). Type in the British Museum.

2. Lispinus impar, sp. 1.

(Fauvel, in litt.)

_ Entirely red; head sometimes darker, shining, sparingly

punctured; ground-sculpture rather feeble. Antenne and

legs reddish testaceous.

Length 2°5-2°8 mm.

In size and general appearance similar to L. fawveli, Shp.,

especially to the immature reddish forms. The thorax is,

however, a little shorter, more abruptly narrowed before the

posterior angles ; the ground- sculpture is much less distinct

throughout, and on the thorax forms longitudinal meshes.

Head large, a little narrower than the thorax, foveolate in

front on either side, finely and sparingly punctured ; ground-

sculpture coriaceous. Antenne with first joint rather stout,

a little longer than second; third, fourth, and fifth longer

than broad and scarcely differmg in length; sixth to tenth

transverse, gradually increasing in width, pilose. Thorax

distinctly transverse, about one and a half times as broad as

long, broadest in front of the middle, gradually narrowed

anteriorly, rather abruptly narrowed at the base before the

slightly obtuse posterior angles ; disc with smooth impune-

tate central line, longitudinally impressed on either side, the

impression reaching from within the posterior angles forwards

for fully half the length, finely and sparingly punctured on

the disc, almost impunctate at the sides, with a fine longi-

tudinal strigose ground-sculpture ; sides with four or five

sete. Scutellum impunctate. Hlytra more than half as

long again as the thorax, distinctly longer than broad, sides

with two or three setie ; ; pretty deeply impressed at the base

internal to the humeral angles, and with two setigerous

pores, one near the suture posteriorly and one in front and

external ; puncturation very fine and very sparing; ground-

from the West Indies. 323

sculpture longitudinally strigose. Abdomen with very few

punctures, pubescence more or less erect, sparing ; ground-

sculpture distinct, reticulate.

St. Vincent (H. H, Smith). Type in the British Museum.

THORACOPHORI.

3. Thoracophorus guadalupensis, sp. n.

(Fauvel, in ditt.)

Very small, narrow, dull, reddish brown, with head darker.

Antenne and legs reddish testaceous.

Length 1:8 mm.

In general appearance and form of thorax very near

T. pallidus, Shp., but differs in the darker colour, more

robust build, and shorter elytra.

Head pitchy black, suborbicular, with four longitudinal

carine ; eyes small, visible from above ; temples very small,

angular. Antenne reddish testaceous; first and second

joints dilated, of about equal length ; third much narrower

than the second, but of equal length; fourth to sixth of

equal length and breadth, as long as broad ; seventh larger

than the sixth, as long as broad ; eighth to tenth transverse ;

eleventh shortly oval, Thorax transverse, quite a third

broader than long, broader between the anterior than the

posterior angles ; sides gradually converging posteriorly,

finely crenulate, emarginate before the rectangular posterior

angles; anterior angles almost rectangular; dise with four

distinct longitudinal carine, the two central bounding on

each side a median elevated part (which shows traces of two

short parallel carinulz), the two lateral close to and nearly

parallel with the sides. Elytra nearly a third longer than

the thorax, a little transverse, each with five longitudinal

carine, the intervals concave. Sculpture of all the fore

parts coriaceous. Abdomen gradually pointed, finely coria-

‘ceous, very finely and sparingly punctured and pubescent.

Grenada (A. H. Smith); Haiti. Type in the British

Museum,

OxXxyYTELt.

4, Trogophleus (Carpalimus) smithi, sp. n.

(Fauvel, zn Zitt.)

Black, shining ; thorax cordate, with semilunar impression

before the base and a small impression on either side of the

24*

324 Mr. M. Cameron on new Staphylinide

disc. First joint of antennz and legs yellow; elytra dark

brown.

Length 3 mm.

Very near T. centralis, Shp., from which it differs by the

finer and uniform puncturation of the thorax and the finer

puncturation of theelytra. From 7. croceipes, Fvl., it differs

by the much narrower head and thorax, much more coarsely

punctured and more even elytra, and the yellow legs and

first antennal joint.

Head rather large, narrower than the thorax ; eyes large,

their diameter greater than the length of the temples;

longitudinally impressed on either side in front, closely

and distinctly punctured. Antennze with exception of the

first jomt dark; the second a little shorter than third ;

third to eighth longer than broad, gradually decreasing in

length; ninth and tenth about as long as broad ; eleventh

oval, pointed. Maxillary palpi brown. Thorax transverse,

cordate, narrower than the elytra, dilated and rounded in

front and narrowed behind; anterior angles completely

effaced; disc with a distinct fovea on either side of the

middle line and a semilunar impression before the base ;

puncturation as on head, uniform. LElytra quite one-third

longer than the thorax, as long as broad, with an oblique

impression between the shoulder and suture; puncturation

as of thorax, evanescent towards the postero-external angles.

Abdomen finely and rather closely punctured and pubescent.

Grenada (H. H. Smith). Type in the British Museum.

(aut NO tl.

5. Thinobius miricornis, sp. 1.

(Fauvel, a litt.)

Pitch-black or pitch-brown ; the thorax, base of abdomen,

legs, first and last three joints of antennz yellow, sometimes

the latter entirely yellow.

Length 1:3 mm.

Head narrower than the thorax, transverse, with trans-

verse impressed line between the antennal tubercles ; eyes

rather small, their diameter about equalling the length of

the temples ; sculpture close, rugulose. Antenne (¢) more

elongate than in 9; first jomt stout, second shorter than

third, fourth to tenth much longer than broad, eleventh a

little longer than tenth; in ¢ fourth to sixth joints about

twice as long as broad, seventh and eighth a little longer

than broad, ninth and tenth as broad as long, eleventh

from the West Indies. 325

elongate, nearly as long as the two preceding together.

Mouth-parts yellow. Thorax strongly transverse, more than

half as broad again as long, almost semicircular, widest in

front ; sides evenly rounded from base to anterior angles,

which are slightly obtuse, posterior angles effaced; disc

rather broadly and deeply impressed in its whole length in

middle line in @, less distinctly or not at all in ¢. Sculp-

ture as on the head. Scutellum yellow. Elytra broader

than the thorax and twice its length, scarcely broader than

long, with fine rugulose sculpture. Abdomen closely and

finely punctured and pubescent, a little more sparingly

behind.

St. Vincent, Grenada (H. H. Smith). Type in British

Museum.

OsorIt.

6. Holotrochus smithi, sp. n.

(Fauvel, 7 litt.)

Black, shining ; posterior margins of abdominal segments,

legs, and antenne reddish testaceous ; margins of thorax and

elytra sometimes obscurely red.

Length 3°3-3°5 mm.

Very similar to H. marginatus, Shp., in size and general

appearance ; but distinguished from it by the longer thorax,

not bordered at the base, the tine but distinct reticulate

ground-sculpture, and the finer and more obsolete punctura-

tion of the head and thorax, and the impunctate shagreened

scutellum. From H. minor, Fvl., it differs by its larger size,

the ground-sculpture, and much finer and more obsolete

puncturation of the head and thorax, and impunctate

shagreened scutellum ; and from H. cylindrus, Er., by its

shorter and broader thorax and elytra, more distinct ground-

sculpture of both the latter, and the impunctate shagreened

scutellum.

Head narrower than the thorax, truncate anteriorly, very

finely and very sparingly punctured, with a fine reticulate

ground-sculpture. Antennze with the first joint stout,

second as long as, but stouter than third, fourth and fifth

globose ; fifth slightly, sixth to tenth more strongly trans-

verse. Thorax about a third broader than long, a little

wider at the anterior angles, very gradually and slightly

narrowed behind. Sculptureason head. Elytra as long as,

but narrower than, the thorax, transverse, without visible

puncturation, but obsoletely shagreened. Abdomen im-

punctate, shagreened. ah

St. Vincent (H. H. Smith). Type in the British Museum.

326 Mr. M. Cameron on new Staphylinide

7. Osorius fauveli, sp. n.

Black, shining ; elytra red ; antennz, legs, and posterior

margins of the abdominal segments narrowly reddish testa-

ceous. Head, thorax, and elytra moderately coarsely, hut

not very closely, punctured. Abdomen with sparse super-

ficial puncturation.

Length 3 mm.

From the description should be placed near O. eggersi,

Bernh., from which it differs in colour, absence of impunc-

tate space on the head, the transverse thorax deeply foveolate

in front of the posterior angles, the elytra longer than the

thorax, and the sparing superficial puncturation of the

abdomen.

Head narrower than the thorax, truncate in front, with

scattered umbilicate puncturation and coriaceous ground-

sculpture, without a smooth central line. Antenne with

fourth to tenth joints transverse, gradually increasing in

breadth ; mouth-parts yellow. Thorax a little broader than

the ely tra, a little broader than long; sides almost parallel

for four-fifths of their length, then suddenly contracted to

the nearly rectangular posterior angles, with a deep rounded

fovea in front of the latter, and wn mates large, scattered,

superficial, umbilicate puncturation, and with a smooth

central line ; ground-sculpture distinct, coriaceous ; pubes-

cence rather long, coarse, and sparing. Elytraa little longer

than the thorax, as long as broad, with puncturation, ground-

sculpture, and pubescence similar to that of the thorax.

Abdomen with very sparing and still more superficial punctu-

ration, and similar ground-sculpture to the elytra; pubes-

cence long, coarse, and sparing.

Haiti. Type in my collection.

MEGALOPINI.

8. Megalops leviventris, sp. n.

(Fauvel, in ltt.)

Black, shining ; thorax with four more or less transverse

grooves on either side; each elytron with well-marked

humeral callus, behind and internal to which is an impres-

sion bearing three to five large punctures grouped irregu-

larly ; between the impression and the suture a rounded

elevation or callus, and between the impression and the

posterior margin a small puncture. Legs and antenne

from the West Indies. 327

reddish testaceous, the club of the latter infuscate; fourth

tarsal joint simple.

Length 3°5-4 mm.

About the size of M. incultus, Shp., but very different by

the much smaller head and eyes, less strongly grooved

thorax, and the punctured impression on the elytra.

Head, with eyes, large, trausverse, almost as broad as the

elytra ; clypeal spines short, not very distinct; front en-

tirely occupied by a horseshoe-shaped impression, concave

backwards, the bottom coarsely and deeply punctured, the

smooth space enclosed by it carrying a curved row of three

punctures, concave forwards; vertex with a fine, short, raised

line in the middle ; mandibles red. Antenne reddish testa-

ceous, the last two joints brown; first joint concealed,

second moderately long and stout, third considerably longer

than second and much more slender, fourth to sixth each a

little longer than broad, seventh as broad as long; eighth to

tenth transverse, the last of them much broader than the

ninth ; eleventh oval, pointed. Thorax widest at the middle,

its sides evenly rounded, about as long as broad, marked

with four more or less transverse furrows on each side; the

first, impunctate, follows the anterior margin, disappearing

on the disc ; the second is deeper, with three large punctures

on either side and one on middle of the disc; the third, also

deep and punctured, does not extend across the disc, but is

bounded by a large deep puncture on either side of the

middle line; the fourth is narrow, follows the posterior

border of the thorax, is not interrupted, and is obscurely

punctured. Elytra as long as, but broader than, the thorax,

transverse; humeral callus well marked, as is also another

boss or callus at the base near the suture, base depressed

between the calli and with one or two small punctures.

External to the sutural callus is an impression containing a

group of three to five large punctures, and between this and

the posterior margin is a small puncture. Sutural stria

distinct, impunctate. Abdomen impunctate, each segment

except the last with a short narrow impression at the base on

each side.

No sexual differences observed.

Grenada (H. H. Smith). Type in British Museum.

9. Megalops humeralis, sp. un.

(Fauvel, zn litt.)

Black, shining ; elytra yellow, with humeral callus, base,

and apex narrowly black ; disc with short, deep, punctured

328 Mr. M. Cameron on new Staphylinide

stria. Legs and antenne (except last two joints, which are

fuscous) reddish testaceous. ‘Tarsi simple.

Length 4 mm.

Narrower and less robust than the smallest specimens of

M. punctatus, Er., and the elytra nearly entirely testaceous.

Head and antennze much as in the preceding species ;

thorax a little longer than broad, a little wider in the middle,

equally narrowed in front and behind, with the sides evenly

rounded, narrower than the head and the elytra, and with

four coarsely punctured transverse impressions on each side,

the first separated from each other by anarrow smooth space

on middle of the disc; the second are separated by a broader

space hearing a large puncture, the third by a wider impunc-

tate space, the fourth follow the posterior margin and are

not interrupted. Elytra about as long as the thorax, scarcely

transverse, testaceous; the humeral callus and base narrowly

black, the apical margin narrowly and irregularly blackish ;

sutural callus, sutural stria, and short punctate stria on the

disc well marked. Abdomen as in preceding.

St. Vincent (H. H. Smith). Type in the British Museum,

10. Megalops smithi, sp. n.

(Fauvel, ze litt.)

Blue-black, shining; elytra lemon-yellow, with humeral

callus; base, suture, sides, and apical margins narrowly

reddish brown, without trace of impression or striz on the

disc. Legs and antennz (except last two joints, which are

brown) reddish testaceous. ‘Tarsi simple.

Length 3°5 mm.

Head with eyes broader than the elytra; clypeal spines

long, brownish; mandibles reddish. Antenne much longer

than in the preceding ; first joint concealed, second twice

as long as broad, third twice as long as second, fourth to

eighth longer than broad, gradually decreasing in length ;

ninth and tenth transverse, especially the tenth; eleventh

oval, pointed; front with circular punctate impression,

enclosing a smooth, round, central, raised space ; vertex with

narrow longitudinal raised line. Thorax (viewed from

above) nearly cylindrical, with a small blunt tooth on each

side behind the second furrow, a little longer than broad,

with four transverse punctured furrows ; the first, not inter-

rupted in the middle line, follows the anterior margin; the

second is very narrowly interrupted by a feeble longitudinal

ridge ; third distinctly interrupted by asmooth space ; fourth

follows the posterior margin and is not interrupted. Elytra

from the West Indies. 329

broader than the thorax, widest in the middle, scarcely as

long as the thorax, transverse ; humeral callus well marked,

sutural callus absent, sutural stria distinct; no trace of

discal stria or impression; lemon-yellow, with humeral

callus, base, suture, and apical margins narrowly. reddish

brown, the lateral margins very narrowly reddish, Abdomen

impunctate.

St. Vincent (H. H. Smith). Type in the British Museum,

STENINI.

11. Stenus (Mesostenus) lucens, sp. n.

(crocetpes, Fvl1., in litt.).

Narrow, elongate, shining black ; elytra and abdomen very

sparivgly punctured. Antenne and legs reddish testaceous,

the club of the former infuscate.

Length 3°5 mm.

This species, by its very smooth polished surface, recalls

the genus Megalops.

Head, with eyes, broader than the elytra, with rather broad,

raised, almost impunctate, central space; the rest of the

surface with moderately large, not very close puncturation ;

the central space and the surface between the punctures

smooth and polished without trace of ground-sculpture,

glabrous ; labrum black. Antenne rather long and slender,

second joint shorter than the first, third much more slender

than the second and nearly double its length, fourth a little

shorter than third, fifth as long as fourth, sixth a little

shorter than fifth, seventh a little shorter than sixth ; eighth

about half the length of seventh, longer than broad; ninth

and tenth of equal length, as long as, but stouter than,

seventh; eleventh oval, pointed. Thorax widest at the

middle, scarcely longer than its greatest width, equally

narrowed in front and behind, impressed on either side at

the widest part ; puncturation much finer and more sparing

than on the head, the interspaces smooth and _ polished,

glabrous. Fourth tarsal joints deeply bilobed, the hind

tarsi long and slender. Scutellum triangular with large

puncture at apex, coriaceous. Elytra shorter than the

thorax, transverse, with distinct humeral callus and an

impression internal to the latter; disc impressed, puncturation

fine and scattered as on thorax, interspaces smooth, polished,

glabrous. Abdomen margined, gradually narrowed to the

apex, with a few scattered punctures at the bases of the

segments ; the rest of the surface almost impunctate, pubes-

cence scanty.

330 Mr. M. Cameron on new Staphylinide

g. Eighth dorsal plate with horseshoe-shaped emargi-

nation, fourth and fifth ventral plates impressed in the

middle, sixth ventral plate with a narrow, rather deep,

triangular excision.

Grenada (H. H. Smith). Type in the British Museum.

PINOPHILI.

12. Pinophilus vermiformis, sp. 1.

(Fauvel, tn lit.)

Head and elytra reddish brown; thorax and abdomen

pitchy brown, the posterior margins of the segments and

apex of the latter reddish. Antennz, mouth-parts, and legs

pale yellow.

Length 6-5 mm.

Of about the size and build of P. debilis, Shp., but easily

distinguished by being less shining and more pubescent,

with shorter thorax, more sparingly punctured head, much

more coarsely and sparingly punctured abdomen, and with

red elytra.

Head large, transverse, with the eyes nearly as broad as

the thorax at the anterior angles; eyes large, temples

scarcely visible; front with an obsolete puncture on each

side of the middle line behind the labrum; a row of four

or five moderately large punctures on each side, converging

towards the vertex, and two or three more or less obsolete

punctures above and behind the eyes ; no visible ground-

sculpture. Antenne filiform, pilose ; first and second joints

stout, elongate; second shorter and not so thick as first ;

third to seventh distinctly longer than broad, club-shaped ;

eighth and ninth a little longer than broad; tenth and

eleventh moniliform. Thorax a little broader than long, a

little wider at the anterior angles, narrowed in a straight

line to the posterior angles, which are obtuse; truncate

anteriorly with rounded anterior angles ; disc with smooth

impunctate line; the rest of the surface covered with pretty

close, moderately coarse, umbilicate puncturation ; pubes-

cence rather long and scanty. LElytra as wide as the thorax

at the anterior angles and a third longer, distinctly longer

than broad, coarsely and closely punctured, much more

closely and coarsely than the thorax; pubescence rather

long, scanty. Abdomen gradually but strongly attenuated

posteriorly ; the first two visible segments pretty closely and

moderately coarsely punctured, the following gradually less

closely and more finely ; pubescence rather long, not thick.

Mustique Island, Grenadines (H. H. Smith). Type in

British Museum.

from the West Indies. dol

PROCIRRI.

13. Palaminus insularis, sp. n.

A narrow, delicate, fragile species, shining testaceous ;

abdomen reddish. Legs and antenne pale yellow, the

last joint of the latter scarcely stouter than the penultimate.

Length 2°8 mm.

Very close in general appearance, size, and colour to

P. fragilis, Shp., but differs from it by the last joint of the

antenn not being thickened, the puncturation of the head

and thorax more sparing, the sides of the latter more

uniformly rounded towards the base, and the elytra rather

shorter. From P. pallidus, Sahlb., it differs by its smaller

size, the rounded sides of the thorax, and the less numerous

but larger imbrications of abdominal segments ; from

P. variabilis, Er., by its fragile build, the eleventh joint of

the antenne not thickened, and the much less distinct

puncturation of the elytra.

Head transverse with the eyes a little wider than the

thorax, very sparingly and rather superficially punctured.

Antenne very slender; first and second joints of about equal

length, a little thickened ; third about as long as, but much

more slender than, second ; fourth to tenth longer than broad,

gradually decreasing in length; eleventh a little longer, but

not thicker, than tenth. Thorax transverse, narrower than

the elytra; the sides gradually rounded and contracted to

the base, widest at the junction of the middle and anterior

thirds; disc with a trace posteriorly of an elevated line ;

puncturation rather coarse, umbilicate, scattered ; pubescence

rather long and sparing. Elytra double the length of the

thorax, distinctly longer than broad, puncturation tine and

sparing, obsolescent posteriorly and externally ; pubescence

rather long, coarse, and sparing. Abdomen with imbricate

sculpture on the first four visible segments; pubescence

scanty and coarse.

3. Last ventral plate a little produced and rather abruptly

narrowed towards the end.

Jamaica, Hope Gardens district. Type in my collection.

14, Palaminus coriaceus, sp. n.

A narrow, fragile, delicate species varying from testaceous

to reddish testaceous, not very shining ; the head and thorax

with very distinct coriaceous pround-sculpture. The last

joint of the antenne distinctly thicker than the penultimate.

Length 2°9 to 3°3 mm,

Very similar to the preceding in build, but at once dis-

332 Mr. M. Cameron on new Staphylinide

tinguished by the ground-sculpture of the head and thorax,

the thickened last joint of the antennz, and the obsolete

puncturation of the fore parts.

Head transverse, with the eyes broader than the thorax,

sparingly and obsoletely punctured. Antenne testaceous,

of similar structure to the preceding, except for the eleventh

joint, which is stouter and longer than the tenth. Thorax

formed as in P. insularis, puncturation scanty and very

obsolete. Hlytra as in the preceding species and without

visible ground-sculpture. Abdomen reddish with the usual

imbricated sculpture and coarse pubescence.

&@. Last ventral plate gradually narrowed and produced.

Jamaica, Haiti. Type in my collection.

P EDERINI.

15. Stilicopsis circumflexus, sp. n.

(Fauvel, in litt.)

Pitchy red, scarcely shining; antenna, legs, apex of

abdomen, and elytra testaceous, the latter with well-marked

black lateral spot. Seventh abdominal segment furnished

posteriorly with a narrow white membranous border.

Length 2°8 to 3 mm.

Variety.—Entirely reddish testaceous with elytral spot ill-

defined. Type-form readily recognized by the coloration,

but the variety very similar to S. érevis, Shp., in general

appearance, but differs by the rather na’rower head, distinctly

narrower thorax, and shorter elytra. Head large, sub-

orbicular, as broad as the elytra. Eyes rather large, pro-

minent ; temples not quite so long as the diameter of the

eyes, slightly convergent to the posterior angles, which are

rounded ; puncturation close and umbilicate. Labrum pro-

duced in a median lobe in front, notched in the middle of

the anterior margin, external to the lobe on either side with

a short triangular tooth directed forwards and inwards.

Antenne as long as the head and thorax ; first joint elongate,

rather stout, three times as long as the second; second

narrower than the first, a little longer than broad, shorter

than third; third to ninth longer than broad, gradually

decreasing in length ; tenth about as long as broad ; eleventh

not so long as the two preceding together. Thorax a little

transverse, narrower than the head and elytra, widest at the

anterior angles which are obtusely rounded, narrowed to the

posterior angles which are effaced ; sides with two or three

sete; puncturation close and umbilicate. LElytra scarcely

from the West Indies. 333

longer, but a little broader, than the thorax, transverse, pretty

closely and distinctly punctured. Abdomen rather shining,

finely but not densely punctured and pubescent.

gd. Last ventral plate broadly and deeply emarginate,

penultimate with broad shallow emargination.

Mustique Island, Grenadines (H. H. Smith). Type in the

British Museum collection.

16. Stilicopsis auripilis, sp. n.

(Fauvel, zz litt.)

Reddish testaceous ; elytra, antenna, and legs yellow.

Seventh dorsal abdominal segment not furnished with a

membrane at the posterior border.

Length 2°8 to 3 mm,

Very similar to the paler forms of the preceding with ill-

defined elytral spot, and it will be sufficient to indicate the

differential characters, which are the absence of a membrane

on the seventh dorsal segment and the thicker pubescence

of the abdomen.

6. Characters as in preceding.

Grenada (H. H. Smith). Type in the British Museum

collection.

17. Stamnoderus bernhaueri, sp. n.

Reddish testaceous ; elytra convex, not widened behind,

yellow. Front of head and thorax with rather coarse rugulose

sculpture.

Length 4 mm.

Somewhat resembling S. championi, Shp., but smaller ; the

sculpture of the head aud thorax more distinct ; puncturation

of elytra finer and the abdomen more closely and finely

punctured and pubescent.

Head large, longer than broad, convex behind, depressed

and produced in front of the eyes, which are large and

prominent ; temples rounded ; labrum produced aud truncate

in the middle; sculpture close, rugulose in front of eyes,

obsolete on vertex. Antenne yellow, long and slender ; first

joint elongate, stout ; second about halt as long as first,

slender ; third about as long as first ; fourth to tenth con-

siderably longer than broad, gradually decreasing in length ;

eleventh as long as, but stouter than, tenth. Thorax nar-

rower than the head, a little longer than broad, flask-shaped,

much narrower in front, dilated and rounded at the sides,

which are furnished with a long seta, closely and rugosely

334 Mr. M. Cameron on new Staphylinide

sculptured, impressed on either side behind the widest part ;

disc with a fine median raised line. LElytra as long as the

thorax, as broad as the head and a little longer than broad,

a little rounded at the sides, pretty closely and moderately

finely punctured ; pubescence scanty. Abdomen with rather

close aciculate puncturation and moderately pubescent.

¢é. First joint of posterior tarsi long and thick ; sixth

ventral plate rather broadly and moderately deeply emargi-

vate ; fifth ventral plate with a shallow emargination.

Jamaica (Hope River district). Type in my collection.

18. Stamnoderus dissimilis, sp. n.

Entirely reddish testaceous ; elytra depressed on the disc,

widened behind. Front of head and thorax rather coarsely

and rugulosely sculptured.

Length 5 mm.

Somewhat resembling S. gracilis, Shp., in facies, the elytra

being narrow at the shoulders, widened behind, and depressed

on the disc. The colour is, however, more reddish ; the head

broader and much more finely, closely, and distinctly

sculptured; the thorax broader and more finely sculptured ;

the elytra more finely punctured, and the abdomen more

closely and finely punctured. From S., dadeo, Er., it differs by

its rather larger and more robust build, much more coarsely

sculptured head, broader and more distinctly sculptured

thorax with much less distinct lateral impressions, and the

more coarsely punctured elytra. From 8S. bernhaueri it

differs by the broader thorax with well-marked basal im-

pression and a smooth shining space on either side between

this and the lateral impression, by the shape of the elytra,

the much finer and scarcely aciculate puncturation of the

abdomen, and the much longer second joint of the antenne.

Head large, convex behind, produced and depressed in

front of the eyes, which are large and prominent, posterior

angles rounded ; closely and rugosely sculptured in front of

the level of the eyes, scarcely perceptibly punctured behind ;

foveolate on either side between the eyes. Antenne yellow,

long, slender ; first joint elongate, second much shorter than

first,third much longer than second; fourth toseventh of about

equal length, much longer than broad ; eighth to tenth longer

than broad, gradually decreasing in length; eleventh oblong-

ovate, longer than tenth. Thorax a little narrower than the

head, flask-shaped, rounded and dilated in the middle,

strongly narrowed in front, less strongly narrowed behind,

distinctly impressed at the base before the scutellum and on

* from the West Indies. 335

either side just behind the greatest width, finely carinate in

the middle line, closely and rugosely sculptured except for a

smooth space on either side between tle basal and lateral

impressions. Elytraa little widened posteriorly, the greatest

width equalling that of the thorax, scarcely as long as the

latter ; shoulders oblique, depressed on the dise, pretty closely

and distinctly punctured, Abdomen dirty testaceous, paler

at the apex, closely and finely punctured. Legs pale yellow.

Jamaica (Hope River district), A single female.

Type in my collection.

19. Stamnoderus upicalis, sp. n.

Pale testaceous yellow, shining ; base and sides of elytra

more or less infuseate ; abdomen blackish with yellow apex.

Head and thorax scarcely perceptibly sculptured.

Length 2°8 to 3 mm.

A small delicate species, not likely to be confused with any

other at present known.

Head large, convex behind, produced and depressed in

front of the level of the eyes, which are large and prominent,

with a small fovea on either side and a few very obsolete

punctures ; temples completely rounded. Antenne slender

with all the joints longer than broad, second shorter than the

first and third. Thorax narrower than the head and elytra,

flask-shaped, rounded and dilated at the sides, strongly

narrowed in front, less strongly behind, narrowly impressed

on either side behind the widest part, sparingly and obsoletely

punctured, with trace of median line. Elytra a little

longer than the thorax, longer than broad, moderately closely

and finely punctured, more obsoletely behind. Abdomen

exceedingly finely and rather closely punctured, finely

pubescent. |

Jamaica (Hope River district). Five females,

Type in my collection.

20. Stamnoderus varians, sp. n.

(Fauvel, a litt.)

Black ; apical margin of elytra and apex of abdomen

testaceous. Head and thorax closely and rugosely sculptured;

elytra moderately coarsely and closely punctured.

Length 3 to 3°5 mm.

Var. a. Head and thorax ferruginous.

Var. 6. Head, thorax, and elytra ferruginous, the latter

more or less infuscate at the base and sides.

Var. c. Entirely reddish testaceous.

336 Mr. M. Cameron on new Staphylinidee

Shape of head as in preceding, foveolate on either side

between the eyes, rugulosely sculptured, except posteriorly.

Antenne testaceous, of similar structure to the preceding.

Thorax a little narrower than the head and elytra, longer

than broad, flask-shaped, impressed on either side behind the

widest part; dise with fine smooth carina, the rest of the

surface with rugulose umbilicate sculpture. Elytra as long

as, or a little longer than, the thorax, as long as broad,

moderately coarsely and closely punctured. Abdomen finely

and sparingly punctured and pubescent.

3S. First joint of posterior tarsi thickened, sixth ventral

plate with a shallow emargination.

Grenada, St. Vincent (H. H. Smith). Type in the

British Museum.

21. Echiaster waterhouset, sp. n.

(Fauvel, in Litt.)

Ferruginous, dull; elytra testaceous with apical half

black. :

Length 2°3 mm.

Tn coloration nearest to I. filum, Shp., and £. curtus,

Shp. : from the first very distinct by the much shorter and

broader thorax, and less elongated and attenuated build; from

the last by the much narrower and less robust build, smaller

head, narrower thorax, with the longitudinal impressions

and median elevated line much less distinct, and the finer

sculpture.

Head subquadrate, longer than broad, dull, ferruginous,

posterior angles rounded; eyes rather large, their diameter

less than the length of the temples; puncturation close,

rugose, umbilicate. Antenne testaceous, short ; first joint

much dilated ; second transversely oval ; third globose, much

smaller than second; fourth to tenth transverse, gradually

increasing in breadth, the penultimate about three times as

broad as long ; eleventh not quite so long as the two preceding

together. ‘Thorax narrower than the head and the elytra,

longer than broad, oval-oblong, widest at the anterior angles,

which are rounded, narrowed in front and behind, with the

posterior angles obtuse ; disc posteriorly with a longitudinal

impression on either side of the middle line, which by con-

trast appears more or less elevated ; sculpture as on head,

Legs testaceous. Elytra longer than the thorax, longer than

broad, the basal half testaceous, the apical half black, usually

sharply defined, but sometimes only represented by a fuscous

cloud. Sculpture close, rugose, with short pubescence.

from the West Indies. 337

Abdomen gradually narrowed behind, reddish testaccous, a

little infuscate before the apex ; rather closely and coarsely

punctured and pubescent at the base, more sparingly

posteriorly.

Grenada (H. H. Smith). Type in the British Museum,

22, Echiaster buphthalmus, sp. un.

Reddish testaceous, dull; elytra yellow with the apical

third sharply black ; apex of abdomen blackish. Autennse

and legs testaceous.

Length 3 mm.

Differs from the preceding by the larger head, larger eyes,

shorter temples, longer narrower thorax, coloration of the

elytra, and more pointed abdomen; from 2, filum, Shp., by

the broader head, larger eyes, shorter temples, broader even

thorax without central ridge or longitudinal impressions, and

longer elytra with only the apical third black.

Head large, nearly orbicular, much wider than the thorax,

posterior angles rounded; temples much shorter than the

eyes, which are large ; puncturation dense, umbilicate.

Antennee short ; first joint elongate, stout ; second oval, third

longer than broad, fourth and fifth about as long as broad,

sixth to tenth transverse. Thorax oval-oblong, even, without

central ridge or impressions, anterior angles completely

rounded, the posterior obtuse ; sculpture as on head. Elytra

broader than the thorax, longer than broad, a little longer

than the thorax, yellow, with the apical third sharply black,

rugosely punctured. Abdomen distinctly narrowed behind,

closely punctured, and shortly pubescent ; apex black.

Mustique Island, Grenadines (H. H. Smith), St. Vincent.

Type in my collection.

23. Echiaster sharpi, sp. 0.

Narrow, elongate, dull ; head and thorax ferruginous, the

former orbicular. Elytra black, obscurely lighter at the

shouldérs and longer than broad. Abdomen black. Antenne

and legs testaceous.

Length 3 mm.

Facies of FL. orbifer, Shp., but colour entirely different,

the thorax wider at the anterior angles and with a raised

central line, and the elytra shorter.

Head large, orbicular; eyes large, their diameter much

greater than the length of the temples; sculpture close,

rugose, umbilicate. Antenne reddish testaceous, of similar

structure to the preceding. ‘Thorax narrower than the head,

ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xii. 25

338 Mr. M. Cameron on new Staphylinides

distinctly longer than broad, oval-oblong, carinate in centre ;

anterior angles rounded, posterior obtuse ; sculpture as on

head. Elytra black, lighter at the shoulders, distinctly

longer than broad, and little longer than the thorax, closely

and rugosely punctured. Abdomen black, narrower at apex,

which is obscurely lighter, closely punctured, and shortly

pubescent.

Jamaica (Hope River district). Type in my collection.

24. Echiaster distinctus, sp. n.

Narrow, elongate, dull, pitchy black ; head subquadrate ;

elytra obscurely lighter at the shoulders, as broad as long.

Antenne and legs testaceous.

Length 2°8 mm.

Facies somewhat similar to FH. minutus, Shp., but differs

by the coloration, more robust build, longer thorax, and

shorter elytra. From £. sharpi it is easily distinguished by

the differently shaped head, obviously shorter and broader

thorax, and shorter elytra.

Head large, subquadrate, longer than broad, posterior

angles rounded at the apex ; eyes rather small ; temples large,

their length greater than the diameter of the eyes ; punctura-

tion close, rugose, umbilicate. Antenne as in preceding.

Thorax narrower than the head and elytra, broadest at the

anterior angles which are rounded, the posterior angles

obtuse, scarcely longer than broad, carinate posteriorly in the

middle line ; sculpture as on head. LElytra as long as broad,

black, reddish testaceous at the shoulders, closely and

rugosely punctured. Abdomen pitchy black, ferruginous at

apex, closely punctured and shortly pubescent.

Jamaica (Wag Water River). ‘Type in my collection.

25. Echiaster impressicollis, sp. n.

(Fauvel, em litt.)

Narrow, elongate, dull, strongly narrowed posteriorly,

dirty brownish testaceous ; abdomen black at apex. Antenne

and legs testaceous.

Length 4 mm.

In size, general appearance, and coloration (excepting the

elytra, which are of same colour as the head and thorax)

resembles LH. stgnatus, Shp.; but differs from this species by

the shorter, broader, less attenuated head, shorter, uniformly

coloured, and much more coarsely sculptured elytra.

Head longer than broad, oval, gradually rounded and

contracted behind the eyes, without trace of posterior angles,

from the West Indies. 339

coarsely and rugosely punctured. Antenne as long as the

head ; first joint elongate, stout ; second globose ; third and

fourth of equal length, much longer than broad; fifth and

sixth of equal length, longer than broad, but much shorter

than third and fourth ; seventh to tenth transverse, gradually

increasing in breadth ; eleventh about as long as the two

preceding together, acuminate; the last five joints pilose.

Thorax long and narrow, twice as long as broad, widest at

the middle, gradually narrowed in front and behind with

all the angles obliterated, closely and rugosely sculptured.

Elytra not longer than the thorax, very coarsely, but not

very closely punctured, with a coarse pubescence ; intervals

between the punctures smooth and shining. Abdomen

strongly pointed, the first four visible segments very coarsely

punctured and pubescent, the intervals shining and smooth,

the last two segments very finely punctyred and pubescent,

shining, blackish,

Balthazar, Grenada (H. H. Smith), Type in the British

Museum.

26, Monista personata, sp. n.

(Fauvel, 2 Zitz.)

Ferruginons, rather shining ; elytra lighter. Anteune and

legs testaceous.

Length 2°8 mm.

Size and build of MW. plagiata, Shp., from which it differs

by the uniformly coloured elytra, less shining appearance,

and the remarkable depressions ov the kead in male,

Head large, orbiculate ; labrum emarzinate ; eves small ;

temples large ; posterior angles completely effaced ; punc-

turation scattered, large, superficial, umbilicate, and with a

fine coriaceous ground-sculpture, Antennre pilose; first joint

elongate, stout; second shorter than first and third, third and

fourth longer than broad, fifth to seventh globose, eighth to

tenth transverse; eleventh rather stout, scarcely as long as

the nmth and tenth together. Thorax narrower than the

head and elytra, a little longer than broad, oval, widest

about the middle, with all the angles effaced, with sparing,

superficial, umbilicate punctures and a fine wrinkled ground-

sculpture. Elytra longer than the thorax, longer than

broad ; puncturation fine and obsolete on a polished ground,

sparingly pubescent. Abdomen finely and sparingly pune-

tured and pubescent.

3d. Vertex of head with a large, deep, semicircular im-

pression on either side of middle line, which is reduced to

340 Mr. M. Cameron on new Staphylinide

a narrow carina separating the twoimpressions. Last ventral

plate very feebly and broadly emarginate.

Grenada (H. H. Smith). Type in the British Museum

collection.

27. Stilicus jucundus, sp. n.

(Fauvel, tn litt.)

Bronze-black, rather dull; elytra shining, with the apical

border narrowly testaceous. Antenne and legs testaceous.

Length 4 mm.

In general appearance and coloration very similar to

S. muticus, Shp., but differs by the narrower and more

coarsely punctured thorax, with broader smooth central line,

much more coarsely punctured elytra, and the male characters.

Head large, transverse, with the eyes broader than the

elytra; posterior angles completely rounded; eyes large ;

puncturation close, umbilicate. Labrum testaceous. An-

tenn with first joint elongate, rather stout ; second shorter

than first and third ; fourth distinctly, fifth and sixth slightly,

longer than broad; seventh to tenth about as long as broad;

eleventh not so long as the two preceding together. Thorax

a little longer than broad, widest at the anterior angles,

which are rounded, considerably narrowed in front, a little

rounded and gradually narrowed to the posterior angles,

which are a little obtuse, narrower than the head and elytra ;

dise with a rather broad, smooth, central line in nearly the

whole length; puncturation similar to, but rather coarser

than, that of the head. Elytra a little longer than the

thorax, as long as broad, coarsely but not closely punctured,

with the apical margin narrowly, and the postero-external

angles more broadly, testaceous, shining. Abdomen black,

shining, pretty closely and finely punctured and pubescent.

Observe-—In some specimens a slight violet shade is

noticeable.

35. Last ventral p'ate with deep triangular excision.

St. Vincent (H. H. Smith). Type in the British Museum

ca lection.

28. Stilicus agnatus, sp. n.

(Fauvel, in litt.)

Black, a little shining. LElytra narrowly testaceous at

apical margin. Antennze and legs testaceous.

Length 4 mm.

Very similar to the preceding, so that a detailed description

is unnecessary. It differs by having the head and thorax

from the West Indies. 341

more shining and rather more coarsely punctured, the

anterior thoracic angles more distinct, and the less closely

punctured and pubescent abdomen, and the male characters.

¢. Last ventral plate with deep triangular excision, the

penultimate impressed in the middle line and sinuate on

either side.

Grenada (H. H. Smith). Type in the British Museum.

29. Stilicus insularis, sp. n.

Black, dull; elytra shining, unicolorous, obsoletely punc-

tured. Antennz (except last two or three joints) and legs

pitch-brown.

Length 4 mm.

Head large, transverse, with the eyes a little broader than

the elytra, posterior angles rounded ; eyes large ; vertex with

small, smooth, shining spot. Labrum and palpi pitch-black ;

puncturation close, umbilicate. Antenne pitch-black, with

the last two or three joints testaceous ; first joint long, stout ;

second shorter than first, about as long as third ; third and

fourth a little longer than broad ; fifth to teuth moniliform ;

eleventh short, acuminate. Thorax as long as broad,

narrower than the head and elytra, trapezoidal, widest at

the anterior angles, which are distinct and obtuse, strongly

narrowed in front, less strongly contracted in almost a

straight line to the posterior angles, which are obtuse; disc

with a smooth, shining, central space in its whole length ;

puncturation as on head. Legs pitchy brown; tarsi

testaceous. Elytra about a third longer than the thorax,

slightly longer than broad, shining black, with very fine

sparing puncturation. Abdomen pretty finely and moderately

closely punctured and pubescent.

3. Last ventral plate with semicircular emargination,

penultimate with two small tubercles near the posterior

margin, separated by a semicircular impression with the

convexity forwards.

Jamaica (Chester Vale district). Type in my collection.

30. Stilicus cupreus, sp. n.

Head, thorax, and abdomen bronze-black with coppery

reflex ; elytra brown, shining, with distinct coppery reflex.

Antenne brown with base and apex lighter; legs pale

testaceous ; tibiz infuscate.

Length 4°3 mm.

Head transverse, posterior angles rounded, quite as broad

€

342 Mr. M. Cameron on new Staphylinidee

as the elytra. Labrum and palpi dark brown. Antenne

with first two joints reddish brown, third to eighth dark

brown, ninth to eleventh testaceous; first jomt elongate,

stout ; second shorter than first and third ; third to sixth

longer than broad, gradually decreasing in length 3 seventh

to tenth moniliform; eleventh short, “oval. Puncturation

close, umbilicate, with small, smooth, s shining space on the

vertex. Thorax trapezoidal, scarcely longer than the breadth

at the anterior angles, which are distinct and obtuse,

gradually narrowed in a straight line to the base, more

strongly narrowed in front ; Aige with smooth Gentcal line

throughout ; puncturation as on head. Hlytra distinctly

longer than the thorax, longer than broad, with moderately

coarse and rugulose puneturation. Abdomen shining,

coppery bronze, ‘closely and finely punctured and pubescent.

Jamaica (Newcastle district, 3000 feet above sea-level).

A single female. ‘Tvpe in my collection.

31. Thinocharis fuscina, sp. n.

(Fauvel, zz ltt.)

Ferruginous ; head blackish, truncate posteriorly ; elytra

more or less infuscate on disc; head, thorax, and elytra

closely and distinctly punctured.

Length 3 to 3°3 mm.

Exceedingly close to S. densicollis, Shp., in general

appearance and shape of head ; but differs by the average

smaller size, less robust build, narrower thorax, and the male

characters.

Ilead transverse, quadrate, broader than the thorax,

truncate posteriorly ; eyes rather large, their diameter equal

to the length of the temples ; posterior angles rectangular,

pretty closely punctured, and finely wrinkled, sparingly

pubescent, sides with well-marked sete. Antenne as long

as the head and thorax, furnished with long hairs; first joint

long and stout ; second about balf the length of the first and

less thickened ; third to tenth longer than broad, aud scarcely

differing in length and breadth, much more slender than

second; eleventh elongate, acuminate. Thorax a little

broader than long, broadest at the anteriorangles, which are

obtusely rounded, eradually narrowed behind to the posterior

angles which are effaced ; puncturation fine, close, umbili-

cate; dise with smooth central line ; sides setiferous.

Klytra broader and distinctly longer than the thorax, longer

than broad, testaceous, more or less infusecate on fie dice.

leaving the sides and apex clear; puncturation finer than

Jrom the West Indies. 343

that of the thorax, umbilicate, moderately pubescent. Abdo-

men pretty closely and finely punctured and pubescent

throughout.

3. Last dorsal plate deeply and semicircularly incised ;

fifth ventral plate with deep semicircular notch on either

side of middle line, which forms a triangular lobe separating

the notches; sixth ventral plate with a deep triangular

notch.

Grenada (H. H. Smith). Type in British Museum.

32. Thinocharis smithi, sp. n.

(Fauvel, a Zitz.)

Entirely black, rather shining; head large, transverse ;

elytra not longer than the thorax. Antenne and legs

reddish testaceous.

Length 2°5 mm.

Remarkable by its broad head, which is considerably wider

than the thorax and elytra, and the shortness of the latter.

Head with eyes considerably broader than long; eyes very

large, their diameter much greater than the length of the

temples and occupying nearly all the side of the head ;

temples very small ; posterior angles rounded ; puncturation

moderate, pretty close, umbilicate. Antenne reddish testa-

ceous, pilose ; first joint rather long and stout ; second about

half as long as first and about as thick ; third to tenth longer

than broad, gradually decreasing in length, the first of them

about as long as, but much more slender than, second, the

last of them a little longer than broad ; eleventh oval,

pointed. Thorax broader than the elytra, a little broader

than long, broadest at the anterior angles, which are obtuse,

gradually narrowed behind in a straight line to the posterior

which are effaced; puncturation umbilicate, coarser and not

so close as on the head; disc with smooth shining central

line. Elytra as long as broad, slightly widened behind,

narrower than, and about as long as, the thorax, with coarse

scattered puncturation and coarse sparing pubescence.

Abdomen moderately finely and closely punctured with

rather fine pubescence.

3. Fifth ventral plate broadly emarginate posteriorly,

sixth ventral plate with triangular notch in the posterior

margin.

Grenada (H. H. Smith). Type in the British Museum.

344 Mr. M. Cameron on new Staphylinidee

393. Ophiomedon anthracinus, sp. 0.

(Fauvel, in litt.)

Entirely black, dull. Antenne black, with the apex of

Jast joint yellowish. Legs dark brown.

Length 5:°5-6°3 mm.

Head square, as broad as the elytra, truncate posteriorly ;

eyes small, their diameter much less than the length of the

teniples, which are long and parallel; posterior angles right

angles, only blunted at the extreme apex ; mouth-parts

brown. Antennz long, rather slender, pilose; first joint

stout, elongate ; second much shorter than first and third;

third much shorter than first ; fourth to tenth longer than

broad, gradually decreasing in length ; eleventh oval, pointed,

longer than tenth ; puncturation close, umbilicate, not very

coarse. ‘Thorax scarcely longer than broad, widest at the

anterior angles, which are obtuse, gradually narrowed poste-

riorly in astraight line. Puncturation similar to, but rather

finer than, that of the head ; dise with a fine channel poste-

riorly. Hlytra distinctly longer than the thorax, longer

than broad, pretty closely and finely punctured. Abdomen

closely and finely punctured.

d. Last ventral plate with a deep triangular excision ;

the penultimate rather deeply and broadly emarginate, the

base of the emargination rounded, the angles produced a

little backwards, and, together with the sides of the notch,

turned and folded to form on either side a spoon-shaped

structure with the concavity inwards.

St. Vincent (H. H. Smith). Type in the British Museum.

34. Medon cingulatus, sp. n.

(Fauvel, 2 ditt.)

Pitch-brown or pitch-black, dull; apical third or half of

the elytra, apex of abdomen, antennz, and legs reddish

testaceous. ‘T'arsi simple.

Length 3°5 mm.

Size and build of L. infuscatus, readily distinguished by

the much smaller eyes, the rectangular posterior angles of

the head (which, with the thorax, is much more finely punc-

tured), and the coloration of the elytra.

Head large, square, as broad as the thorax ; eyes moderate ;

temples considerably longer than their diameter; base

truncate, posterior angles rectangular; sculpture coriaceous,

with very fine, obsolete, scattered punctures; sides with

from the West Indies. 345

well-marked sete. Antenne with first joint long and rather

stout ; second, third, and fourth of equal length, each a

little longer than broad ; fifth and sixth moniliform ; seventh

to ninth transverse, gradually increasing in width; tenth

about as broad as long; eleventh oval, pointed; the first

four joints setose, the rest pilose. Labrum bidentate, with

small notch between the teeth. Thorax a little longer than

broad, widest at the anterior angles, which are obtuse,

gradually narrowed behind, with the posterior angles broadly

rounded ; centre of disc with trace of median line ; sculpture

coriaceous, with very fine, obsolete, scattered puncturation ;

sides with well-marked sete. lytra longer than broad,

longer than the thorax and scarcely narrower, the apical

third or half reddish testaceous ; puncturation pretty close,

fine, and aciculate, moderately closely pubescent. Abdomen

closely punctured and pubescent throughout ; apex reddish

testaceous.

6. Last ventral plate distinctly emarginate.

St. Vincent, Grenada (H. H. Smith). Type in the British

Museum.

30. dderocharis conifer, sp. n.

(Fauvel, 7 (ét.)

Black, dull; sides, postero-external angles and apical

margins of the elytra, posterior margins of the dorsal abdo-

minal segments, apex of the abdomen, antennie, and legs

reddish testaceous.

Length 6 mm.

Somewhat resembling A. Jatro, Shp., but smaller, thorax

narrower, elytra longer, and differently coloured.

Head lar ge, quadrate, as broad as the elytra; eyes small,

their diameter considerably less than the length of the

temples, which are long and parallel ; posterior angles right

angles, just blunted at the extreme apex ; vertex emargi-

nate before the neck, and with a trace of fine line tow nik

the front. Labrum, mandibles, aud palpi red ; 3 punctura-

tion very fine and close. Antenne reddish, pilose ; first joint

long and stout ; second much shorter than first ; third longer

than second, but shorter than first ; fourth to tenth longer

than broad, gradually decreasing in ‘length ; eleventh oval,

pointed, not much longer than tenth. Thorax about as

long as broad, narrower than the elytra, broadest at the

anterior angles, which are obtuse, gradually narrowed in a

straight line to the posterior angles, which are rounded ; disc

with a narrow smooth central line ; the rest of the surface

346 Mr. M. Cameron on new Staphylinidee

densely and finely punctured. Elytra longer than the thorax,

longer than broad, pitchy, the sides broadly, the apex

narrowly, reddish, densely finely, but rather roughly, punc-

tured. Abdomeu black, the posterior margins of the first

four visible segments narrowly, the penultimate broadly, and

the last entirely reddish testaceous, finely and densely punc-

tured and pubescent throughout.

¢. Fifth ventral plate produced in the middle into a

triangular lamella, with emarginate apex and closely beset

with black sete, which bears near the base on either side a

large, broad, smooth tooth; sixth ventral plate with broad

deep emargination.

St. Vincent (H. H. Smith). Type in the British Museum.

36. Aderocharis obscurior, sp. n.

(Fauvel, zn htt )

Black, dull; elytra reddish brown; posterior margins of

the dorsal abdominal segments and apex obscurely lighter.

Length 6 mm.

Very closely allied to the preceding, so that a detailed

description is unnecessary, and from which it differs by the

more uniform reddish-brown colour of the elytra and the

more obscure coloration of the abdomen.

No sexual differences observed ; all the specimens appear

to be females.

Grenada (H. H. Smith). Type in the British Museum.

37. Scopeus angusticollis, sp. n.

(Fauvel, zn litt.)

Reddish brown, not very shining; abdomen lighter; an-

tenn, legs, posterior margins of the abdominal segments

and apex testaceous.

Length 3°8 mm.

Size and colour of S. liyulifer, Shp., but distinct by its

longer head and thorax, longer and much more finely punc-

tured elytra.

Head longer than broad, broader than the elytra ; temples

long, parallel; vertex emarginate posteriorly ; posterior

angles rounded; closely and finely punctured throughout.

Antenne with first jomt rather long and stout ; second to

sixth longer than broad, gradually decreasing in length ;

seventh to tenth globose; eleventh oval, pointed. Thorax

narrower than the head, distinctly longer than broad, widest

at the anterior angles, which are rounded but traceable, very

from the West Indies. 347

slightly narrowed to the posterior angles ; disc with a very

fine median line posteriorly and obsolete impression on either

side before the base ; puncturation fine and close, much

finer than on the head, sparingly pubescent. Elytra dis-

tinctly longer than the thorax, much longer than broad,

finely and closely but less distinctly punctured than the

thorax. Abdomen closely and finely punctured and

pubescent.

6 unknown.

Grenada (H. H. Smith). Type in the British Museum.

38. Scopeus auripilis, sp. n.

(Fauvel, zn litt.)

Dull; head and thorax ferruginous or black ; elytra black,

with apical margin sharply testaceous ; abdomen black,

somewhat shining, the posterior third of seventh and poste-

rior half of eighth dorsal plates sharply testaceous. An-

tennze and legs testaceous. The whole insect rather thickly

clothed with yellowish pubescence.

Length 3 mm.

A species very distinct. by its coloration and pubescence.

Head as broad as long, a little broader than the thorax at

the anterior angles; temples parallel; vertex emarginate

posteriorly ; posterior angles right angles, only blunted at

the extreme apex ; puncturation close, ruguluse, umbilicate ;

pubescence yellow, distinct. Antenne with first joint elon-

gate, stout; second and third of equal length ; fourth shorter

than third, a little longer than broad ; fifth to seventh

globose, eighth to tenth transverse, eleventh shortly oval.

Thorax scarcely longer than broad, widest at the anterior

angles, which are obtuse, gradually narrowed behind to the

posterior angles, which are rounded, more abruptly narrowed

in front to the neck; disc with a very fine shining carinula

behind, but without trace of basal foveee. Puncturation and

pubescence as on the head. Elytra slightly longer than the

thorax, a little longer than broad, the apical margin distinctly

testaceous, the shoulders sometimes obscurely lighter; punc-

turation close and rugulose, rather finer than that of the

thorax, especially behmd; pubescence distinct, yellow.

Abdomen slightly widened behind, less dull than the fore

parts, the posterior third of seventh and posterior half of

eighth dorsal segment sharply testaceous, pretty closely and

finely punctured, and with rather long yellow pubescence.

6 unknown.

St. Vincent, Grenada (H. H. Smith). Type in the British

Museum.

548 Mr. M. Cameron on new Staphy linidee

39. Scopeus simplicicollis, sp. n.

(Fauvel, en Zitz.)

Narrow, elongate, scarcely shining; head ferruginous ;

thorax black ; elytra and abdomen black, the apical border

of the former and the posterior margins of the dorsal seg-

ments and apex of the latter narrowly reddish testaceous.

Antenne and legs reddish testaceous.

Length 2°3 mm.

In size, and superficially, resembles S. umbra, Shp.; but

differs from it by the darker coloration, broader, differently

shaped head, much coarser puncturation of the fore parts,

the absent or very obsolete basal fovex of the thorax, and

the male characters.

Head a little longer than broad, as broad as the elytra;

temples very slightly dilated and feebly narrowed to the

posterior angles, which are rounded, emarginate at the

posterior border, closely and finely punctured, finely pubes-

cent. Antenne with first joint stout, elongate ; second to

sixth longer than broad, gradually decreasing in length ;

seventh to tenth globose; eleventh short, oval. Thorax

narrower than the head, distinctly longer than _ broad,

broadest at the anterior angles, which are rounded, abruptly

narrowed in front, gradually narrowed behind to the rounded

posterior angles ; disc with a very fine median line through-

out the entire length, but without or with very obsolete

basal foveze ; puncturation close, a little coarser than on the

head. Posterior tarsi short. Elytraa little longer than the

thorax, distinetly longer than broad, similarly punctured to

the thorax, finely pubescent. Abdomen very finely and

moderately closely punctured and pubescent.

g. Sixth ventral plate with a broad semicircular emar-

gination of the posterior border ; fifth ventral plate with a

broad, very feeble emargination.

St. Vincent, Grenada (H. H. Smith). Type inthe British

Museum.

Scopeus umbra, Shp.

This species was described in the ‘ Biologia Centrali-

Americana’ (i, 2, p. 544) from female specimens, the male

being then unknown. ‘This sex has the sixth ventral plate

narrowly and deeply excised in the middle line ; fifth ventral

plate longitudinally impressed in the middle, the impression

furnished with short black sete.

It is found in Grenada (H. H. Smith), Maiti, and Jamaica.

from the West Indies. 349

40. Scopeus marginatus, sp. n.

Black, not very shining (greasy lustre only), the posterior

margin of the elytra narrowly but brightly reddish testa-

ceous; legs and last six joints of the antenne reddish testa-

ccous 5 the basal half infuscate.

Length 3 mm.

Size and build of S. ligulifer, Shp., from which it differs by

the finer puncturation of the head and thorax, the coloration,

and the male characters.

Head square, a little broader than the thorax; the temples

parallel ; the posterior angles bluntly rectangular, the poste-

rior margin slightly emarginate. Antennze with first seven

joints longer than broad, gradually decreasing in length, the

last of them slightly oval ; eighth to tenth as long as broad ;

eleventh oval, pointed; puncturation very fine and close;

pubescence very fine and sparing. The thorax a little longer

than the greatest width, which is at the anterior angles,

which are obtuse but distinct; the disc without basal

impressions and with a feeble trace of central line in front

only ; puncturation very fine and close; pubescence fine.

Elytra a little longer than the thorax, longer than broad,

finely and closely punctured, finely pubescent. Abdomen

black, extreme apex brownish ; puncturation and pubescence

fine and close throughout. Posterior tarsi short.

g. Sixth ventral plate with deep triangular excision of

the posterior margin, fifth slightly emarginate and feebly

impressed, second and third with slightly curved, transverse,

impressed line before the posterior borders, the concavity

backwards.

Jamaica. Type in my collection.

41. Scopeus antennalis, sp. un.

Black, not very shining (greasy lustre only); elytra uni-

form dark brown; legs and last jomts of the antenne

reddish testaceous.

Length 3:5 mm.

This species is so similar to the preceding that a detailed

description is unnecessary. It differs from it by larger and

more robust build, the thorax more finely punctured, the

antennze are longer, all the joints longer than broad and the

first five or six infuscate, the elytra unicolorous, the abdo-

men more densely pubescent, and the male characters.

¢. Sixth ventral plate with deep triangular excisions at

the posterior margin ; fifth ventral plate feebly emarginate.

Haiti. Type in my collection.

350 On new Staphylinide from the West Indies.

Micranoprs, gen. nov.

Body elongate, apterous. Head oval-oblong, a little

broader than the thorax, longer than broad, emarginate

posteriorly, the neck about one-third the breadth of the head.

Eyes wanting, their position marked by a small, round,

whitish depression. Labrum transverse, bidentate, the teeth

separated by a narrow triangular notch, setose, Mandibles

falciform, with three blunt teeth about the middle. Maxillee

with the inner lobe ciliate internally, the outer ciliate at

apex. Maxillary palpi of normal length; first joint very

small; second elongate, about the length of third, the latter

thickened towards the apex; fourth minute, subulate.

Labium transverse. Tongue small, acuminate; paragloss

of similar size and shape. Labial palpi with first and second

joints cylindrical ; second a little longer than first; third

slender, pointed. Gular sutures diverging in front and

behind, most approximate about the middle. Antenne

filiform, straight. Thorax oblong, as wide as the elytra, with

the angles rounded. Scutellum small, triangular. LHlytra

shorter than the thorax, transverse. Abdomen bordered,

slightly widened before the apex, seventh dorsal segment

without a membrane at the posterior border ; first ventral

plate furnished with a short keel at the base ; anal styles not

exposed. Legs rather short, thighs stout, anterior tibiz

excavate internally. Tarsi five-jointed, the anterior (at least

in 2) dilated, middle and posterior short, simple ; the first

four joints subequal, fifth shorter than the first four united ;

claws simple. ‘Tibize pubescent.

Stands near Lathrobium and Scopeus ; from the first it

differs in the bidentate labrum, the tridentate mandibles,

pointed ligula, and structure of the posterior tarsi; from

Scopeus it differs by the bidentate labrum, simple ligula, and

stout neck, but agrees with it in the structure of the poste-

rior tarsi. It has the facies of a minute Lathrobium.

42, Micranops brunneus, sp. un.

Dark chestnut-brown, scarcely shining ; head and thorax

strongly coriaceous, with superficial scattered puncturation ;

mouth-parts, antennz, and legs testaceous,

Length 2°3 mm.

Head oval-oblong, longer than broad, emarginate poste-

riorly, posterior angles rounded. Eyes absent, their position

marked by around whitish depression. Antenne testaceous ;

first joint stout, not quite so long as the three following

On new Species of Histeride. 351

united ; second a little longer and stouter than third ; third

and fourth of about equal length, a little longer than broad ;

fifth and sixth square, seventh and eighth globose, ninth and

tenth transverse, eleventh short. Puncturation superficial,

scattered ; ground-sculpture very distinct, coriaceous ; pubes-

cence scanty. Neck one-third the width of the head.

Thorax oblong, a little narrower than the head, scarcely

wider at the anterior than at the posterior augles, which are

all rounded ; ground-sculpture as on head ; dise with broad

impunctate central area extending the whole length and a

very narrow, shining, smooth median line; the rest of the

surface with rather large superficial puncturation ; pubescence

scanty ; angles each with rather weak seta. Elytra much

shorter than the thorax, slightly widened behind, a little

broader than long, with rather coarse rugulose sculpture and

without visible ground-sculpture. Abdomen bordered, a

little widened before the apex, finely and sparingly punctured,

especially behind, with fine reticulate ground-sculpture and

fine sparing pubescence; seventh segment not furnished

posteriorly with a membranous border.

6. Sixth ventral plate with small triangular emargination,

fourth and fifth rather broadly impressed in the middle line,

Jamaica (Newcastle district, 38000 feet above sea-level).

Type in my collection.

XL.—On new Species of Histeride and Notices of others,

with Descriptions of new Species of Niponius. By G.

LewIs, F'.L.S8.

[Plate VIIL.]

I PROPOSE to call this paper the fortieth of the series, now

ranging over many years, in this Magazine, notwithstanding

that the genus Neonius has been assigned lately to a new

family, Niponiide, by tha consension of entomologists gene-

rally. ‘Vhe figures of the Histeride given have been drawn

from the types in the British Museum ; those of the Niponius

are in my collection.

List of Species, arranged generically.

Niponius foyeicollis, Cylistix asiaticus, Lev.

unistrius. | Eblisia beatula.

interstitialis, | Exorhabdus crenulistrius.

unidentatus, | Hister asperatus,

Trypanus junceus. | terrenus.

bispinus, Mars. Onthophilus tuberculatus, Lew,

carinirostris, Mars. sculptilis, Lez.

Mr. G. Lewis on >

nO)

Niponius foveicollis, sp.n. (Pl. VIII. fie. 6.)

Elongatus, cylindricus, niger, nitidus; fronte in medio transverso

levi; pronoto 4-foveolato; elytris striis suturali, apice abbreviatis,

ceteris obsoletis; propyg gidio 4- foveolato; pygidio profunde bi-

foveolato.

L. 5 mill.

Elongate, cylindrical, black, and shining ; the head irregu-

larly punctured, points varying in size, on the vertex there is

a transverse smooth space which is marginate anteriorly and

narrows behind in the middle and then widens out irregularly

before the neck; the thorax has large irregular punctures

and four fovesw, two near the anterior angles, two behind the

middle of the disc; the elytra, the sutural stria, which is a

little shortened apically, is markedly continued along the

bases and turns backward before reaching the humeral angle,

and there apparently represents the first dorsal stria, the other

strize are obsolete or consist of linear punctures ; the pygidia

are very smooth; the propygidium has two small centre

fovee and two larger ones near the edges ; the pygidium has

two large fovew almost circular in outline; the prosternum,

striae strong and feebly joined posteriorly and markedly

terminating without joining anteriorly ; the mesosternum is

somewhat widely canaliculate ; the metasternum, the canalicu-

Jation is narrower but more marked, and the surface punctua-

tion is extremely fine; the anterior tibize are bidentate.

Hab. Peng ealengan, 4000 feet, Western Java (H. Fruh-

storfer, 189. 3),

Niponius unistrius, sp.n. (Pl. VIII. fig. 5.)

Cylindricus, parum robustus, niger, nitidus, abdomine pedibusque

rufis ; elytris punctatis, unistriatis, basi marginatis; propygidio

parum dense punctulatis, haud foveolato; pygidio utrinque

arcuatim sulcato.

L. 53 mill.

Cylindrical, rather robust, black, and shining, legs and

abdominal segments red; the head somewhat rugosely punc-

tured, carine on the cephalic armature well marked ; the

thorax, surface punctured more clearly than the head, ‘with

two large fovez, one on each side of the disc, anda tvansvense

impression on the edge behind the anterior angle ; the elytra

stronely margined along the bases, with one short stria near

the humeral “angle, surface cle early but not densely punctu-

late (points smaller than those of the thorax) ; the pro-

pygidium is more finely and more closely punctulate, without

new Species of Histeridie. 393

notable fovere, but on each side close to the edge is a very

small one; the pygidium is similarly pointed, with an arched

sulcus extending along the sides; the prosternum has sulci

in lieu of striz similar to those figured tor andrewest (Ann. &

Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 7, vol. xiv. p. 151, pl. vi. fig. 3a, 1904) ;

the mesosternum is less shortened than that of andrewesi,

but, like it, it has two lateral grooves and a median fovea on

the posterior edge ; the metasternum is conspicuously but not

densely punctate, the median canaliculation is narrowed in the

middle and somewhat slight ; the anterior tibiz are bidentate.

Hab. Andaman Islands.

Niponius interstitialis, sp.n. (Pl. VILI. fig. 4.)

Cylindricus, robustus, piceus, nitidus, abdomine rufo-brunneus ;

thorace haud foveolato; elytris tenuiter striatis; propygidio

4-foveolato ; pygidio profunde bifoyeolato.

L. 53 mill.

Cylindrical, rather robust, piceous, and shining, abdomen

and legs reddish brown; the head finely but rather densely

punctate, cephalic armature with two well-marked carinze ;

the thorax somewhat reddish at the anterior angles, punctua-

tion somewhat dense but of varying sizes, without fovee ;

the elytra, sutural stria is shortened apically but joins

the basal margin, the three strice next the sutural are

broken and punctiform and the outer striz are wanting, the

surface is punctulate including the interstices of the striz;

the propygidium is wholly punctured and has four fovez, the

cutside ones are largest and circular; the pygidium has two

large lobe-shaped fovew, and the surface around them is

punctulate; the prosternum is markedly striate, strie are

teebly sinuous before the coxw, conspicuously joined p»ste-

riorly, and feebly and transversely meeting in front (similar to

impressicollis) ; the meso- and metasterna are deeply canalicu-

late in the middle, the latter is very finely punctulate; the

anterior tibice are bidentate.

Hab. Somerset, Australia (M. L. a’ Albertis, 1875).

Nipontus unidentatus, sp.n. (Pl. VIII. fig. 7.)

Cylindricus, brunneus, nitidus; thorace haud foveolato; elytris

striis obsoletis; propygidio 4-foveolato; pygidio bifoveolato ;

tibiis anticis unidentatis.

L. 3 mill.

Cylindrical, brown, and shining ; the head, cephalic arma-

ture obtuse (similar to obtusiceps), surface somewhat densely

Ann, & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xii. 26

354 Mr. G. Lewis on

and rugosely punctured; the thorax also similarly pointed,

not foveolate, but there is a slight transverse impression

behind the anterior angle ; the elytra, sutural stria is trace-

able and also a short stria near the shoulder, the others are

obliterated by the punctuation; the propygidium has four

shallow foverw; the pygidium, surface punctured with two

foveee, nearly circular, at the base; the prosternum, striz

meet at both ends and are somewhat fine and parallel laterally ;

the meso- and metasterna are canaliculate and the latter is

very finely puncticulate ; the anterior tibie have a single

tooth only.

Hab. Singapore.

Trypancus junceus, Sp. nl.

. Elongatus, cylindricus, niger, nitidus; fronte leviter biimpressa,

haud suleato, rostro apice trigono ; pronoto antice bituberculato,

punctato; propy gidio py sidioque ‘distincte punctatis ; prosterno

parallelo marginato; tibiis anticis 5-dentatis.

¢d. Fronte concava, rostro apice obtuso reflexo; pronoto grosse

punctato.

L. 5 mill.

@. Elongate, cylindrical, black, and shining; the head,

the rostrum is triangularly reflexed at the apex and has two

lateral Jongitudinal impressions, flat and smooth between the

eyes; the thorax is punctate, not very densely, with two

small tubercles behind the head; the elytra are very finel

and sparsely punctulate; the pygidia are punctate like the

thorax, but more densely ; tle prosternum is laterally parallel

and marginate and truncate anteriorly.

¢. Forehead concave between the eyes, with the rostrum

obtusely reflexed at the apex, and the punctures of the thorax

are larger and more close.

This : species is smaller and much less robust than noxiUs,

nasicornis, and volvulus, to which section of the genus it

belongs in having the rostrum bulging at the sides, The

prosternum is relatively shorter also than in the others

named.

Hab. French Guyana.

Trypancus carinirostris, Mars.

In his description of this species Marseul says that the

thorax is 4-tuberculato,” but I have specimens from

Guiana which agree with his figure, which has only two, and

also with his description generally,

new Species of Histeride. 355

Trypancus bispinus, Mars.

I have the type of this from the Chevrolat Collection ; it is

a species very similar indeed to terebrans, Lew., in which the

prosternal stria meet gradually in front; in b/spenus the

strie meet acutely, Marseul says “ prosternum en triangle

allongé.”

Eblista beatula, sp. n.

Late ovalis, convexa, nigra, nitida; fronte transversa, depressa,

stria recta, valida; pronoto stria lateraliter valida, interstitiis

latis ; elytris striis 1-3 integris, 4-5 brevibus, suturali utrinque

abbreyviatis ; propygidio transverso punctato; pygidio basi utrinque

profunde foveolato ; mesosterno recto, marginato; tibiis anticis

6-denticulatis.

L. 4 mm,

Broadly oval, convex, black, and shining; frontal stria

well marked anteriorly and nearly straight, but bent on each

side, with a transverse depression behind the stria, surface

smooth ; the thorax, marginal stria very fine, lateral stria

strong and continuing behind the head, and is feebly sinuous

before the base, interstice rather wide ; the elytra, strie 1-3

complete, 4-5 very short, apical, and equal in length ;

sutural discal, well shortened at both ends ; the propygidium

has a transverse row of punctures; the pygidium is smooth,

with a large circular fovea on each side at the base; the

mesosternum is straight anteriorly, marginal stria complete

and continuing along the metasternum, the suture is scarcely

visible ; the tibiz, anterior 6-denticulate.

This species is more convex than cavipyga, Lew., and the

elytral striz are much less deep. Z. cavipyga has the thoracie

lateral stria markedly bent at the base. In my type example

there is a third shallow fovea in the pygidium before the

apex, but I doubt if this is a constant character,

Hab. Burma.

Exorhabdus crenulistrius, sp. n.

Ovatus, convexus, niger, nitidus ; fronte biimpressa, stria carinata,

recta; pronoto striz laterali integris; elytris striis 1-8 integris,

4 basi obsoletis, 5 dimidiata, suturali basi abbreviata ; propygidio

pygidioque dense punctatis ; mesosterno recto, marginato; tibiis

anticis 3-dentatis.

L. 7-7} mill.

Oval, convex, black, and shining; the head, frontal stria

26*

356 Mr. G. Lewis on

carinate, straight anteriorly, and behind it are two impressions

with rugose surfaces, and the space between them is-rugose ;

the thorax, marginal stria very fine, with two well-marked

lateral strize; the inner stria continues behind the head and is

feebly sinuous behind the eyes, at the anterior angle the

interstice is punctured and there is a border-line of points

along the base; the elytra, striz deep and crenulate, outer

humeral short and basal, inner humeral and 1-3 dorsal com-

plete, 4 indistinctly shortened at the base, 5 apical and

nearly dimidiate, sutural is bent and clearly abbreviated at

the base; the pygidia are densely punctate; the mesosternum

anteriorly 1s straight and marginate ; the anterior tibia are

3-dentate, the apical tooth being very robust; this last cha-

racter 1s common to all the species of Exorhabdus, and it is

also seen in Hister fossa, vadutus, and others.

The general sculpture of this species resembles that of

eneus ; there is no band of thoracic punctures, but in one

specimen there are a few irregular points at the anterior

angle.

Hab. Mufungwa, Sampwe, Congo River (Dr. Bequaert).

Hlister asperatus, sp. n.

Breviter ovalis, convexiusculus, niger, nitidus; fronte stria antice

sinuata ; pronoto lateribus conspicue rugoso-punctato; elytris

striis fortibus crenatis, 1-4 integris, 5 dimidiata, suturali basi

abbreviata ; propygidio pygidioque vix dense punctatis; meso-

sterno recto, marginato ; tibiis anticis 3-dentatis.

L, 114-123 mill.

Shortly oval, rather convex, black, and shining ; the head

obscurely punctulate above, stria well marked and sinuous

anteriorly ; the thorax, inner lateral stria complete, clear and

crenulate behind the head, laterally it is irregular owing to

the rugose sculpture, the outer stria ceases behind the eye

and is shortened before the base, the sides are strongly and

rugosely punctured, including the interstice; the elytra,

outer humeral stria short,not reaching the base, and ceasing

at a point opposite to where the inner humeral begins, inner

humeral apical and dimidiate, stria 1-4 deep and complete

with crenulate edges, 5 apical and dimidiate, sutural well

shortened anteriorly and bent, turning away from the suture

at both ends, the interstices, especially those of the inner

humeral and the first and second striz are rugosely punc-

tured on the apical half, and the apical border is irregularly

rugose ; the pygidia are rather closely punctate, the pygidium

new Species of Uisteride. 357

is not margined apically ; the mesosternum is straight and

clearly marginate ; the anterior tibize are 3-dentate.

This species is lar ger than adjectus, Mars., but it is very

similar in outline.

Hab. Kaniri, Congo River (Dr. Bequaert).

Flister terrenus, sp. n.

Ovalis, convexiusculus, opacus, niger, rugoso-punctissimus ; fronte

stria antice sinuato ; elytris striis tenuiter impressis vel obsoletis ;

prosterno angustato, marginato; mesosterno emarginato, stria

marginali integra; tibiis anticis valide 3-dentatis.

L, 7 mill.

Oval, rather. convex, opaque, and black, densely and

rugosely punctate above, the frontal stria is fine but very

distinct and feebly sinuous in front ; the thorax, the marginal

stria is very fine and close to the edge, and continues so

behind the head, behind the head there is a second fine stria

ending on each side behind the eyes and leaving a very

narrow interstice, from the basal angle along one half of the

thorax is a fine carinate stria close to the edge, in front of

the scutellum there is a short linear smooth space, not very

conspicuous; the elytra, the dorsal striz are very fine, the

lateral margin is finely carinate (this may represent the outer

humeral stria), the inner humeralis complete and bent behind

the base, 1-2 complete, 3 slightly shortened at the base, 4-5

almost obliterated, also the sutural ; the pygidia are more

coarsely sculptured than the thorax and the sculpture is some-

what reticulate; the prosternum, the keel is narrowed

before the coxe and has a marginal stria ; the mesosternum

is feebly emarginate, stria complete ; the underside is more

or less punctulate ; the anterior tibize are robust and strongly

3-dentate.

The dorsal striw of this species somewhat resemble those

of H. semigranosus, Mars., but there is no known species

similar to it. It will be figared shortly.

Hab. Mlianje, Nyasaland (S. A. Neave), 1912. One

example in the British Museum.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE VIII.

Fig. 1. Cylistix asiaticus, Lew.

Fig. 2. Onthophilus sculptilis, Lew

Fig. 3. tuberculatus, Lew.

Fig. 4. Niponius interstitialis.

Fig. 5. unistrius,

Fig. 6. —— foveicollis.

Fig. 7, —— unidentatus.

358 Mr. O. Thomas on the

XLI.— The Geographical Races of the Woolly Opossum

(Philander laniger). By OLprietp Tuomas.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum. }

THE series now available of the Philander laniger group

covers fairly well the chief area over which these beautiful

animals are found—from Vera Cruz to Peru. Passing from

north to south, they seem to fall into the following geogra-

phical races :—

Si MiexiGOcm seein hy sehae oe a iheésss) Ph.D aetecus, subsp) im

Guatemala <2 ..8..e0. <n e26 deel gisit Ph. 1. fervidus, subsp. n.

Costa Rica and Panama chieesi) GPhod paliedys, bos.

Islands off Panama Cuast .........- Ph. l. nauticus, subsp. n.

Western Colombia and N. Ecuador.. Ph. 1. derbianus, Waterh. (syn.

pyrrhus, Thos.), and pictus,

subsp. n.

Santa Marta, Bogota, and Merida .. Ph. J. cicwr, Bangs.

Wrestem) Ecuador )..2. 41 Siaci4. asl Ph. l. guayanus, Thos.

astern WMewadiors > hovo- as uew mars Ph. l. jivaro, subsp. n.

Peru... dae RR er Sy enn Ph, 1. ornatus, Tschudi.

The original “ Micouré laineux” of Paraguay (PA. 0.

laniyer) and that described by Wagner as Didelphys ochropus

from the lower Rio Negro no doubt also represent distinct

races, but I have seen no specimens of either.

It is not yet clear what is the relation of the beautifully

contrasted grey and red forms—such as aztecus and pictus—

to those more uniformly coloured. One of each occurs in

Western Colombia, though not in absolutely the same locality,

but elsewhere only a single form is found in each of the areas

mentioned above. It is remarkable how like aztecus and

ptetus are to each other, while the region between them is

occupied by the more uniformly coloured j/ervidus and

pallidus.

The possibility of making this study has hitherto been

delayed by the difficulty of allocating the name derbianus,

Waterhouse, 1841, based on a specimen of unknown locality

with characters that might belong to any of the races, from

Mexico to Peru. Now, however, thanks to the kindness of

the authorities of the Liverpool Museum, I have had the loan

of Waterhouse’s type, which I find to agree fairly closely

with the form of the Cauca Valley, my PA. ¢. pyrrhus being

therefore a synonym of it. ‘This same identification was

made—either by a clever guess or after examination of the

type—by Dr. J. A. Allen in 1904 *.

* Bull, Am, Mus. N. H. xx. p. 67 (1904).

Geographical Races of the Woolly Opossum. 309

These animals all vary a good deal in their coloration, as

indicated by Dr. Allen, and the distinctions given must be

looked upon as average ones, Hnough specimens have,

however, been examined to show that their average characters

are sufficiently constant locally to be used for the distinction

of the different subspecies.

The following are the descriptions of the new forms :—

Philander laniger aztecus, subsp. n.

Colours brightly contrasted. General colour rich ferru-

ginous. Crown grey to behind level of ears. Withers-streak

large, white, prominent. Rump and outer sides of hips grey

all across, the grey also passing on to the hairy part of the

tail. Forearms and wrists prominently white. Hind legs

ferruginous. Under surface and inner side of limbs buffy

whitish, the hairs not darkened basally.

Hab. (of type). San Juan de la Punta, Vera Cruz, Mexico.

Another specimen from Teapa, Tabasco.

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 94. 12.18.28. Received

from the Museo Nacional, Mexico.

Distinguished from the otherwise rather similar PA. 1. pictus

by the grey of the rump not being interrupted mesially and

by the rusty-coloured hind limbs, these being in pictus

whitish like the anterior pair.

Philander laniger fervidus, subsp. n.

Colours very deepand strong throughout. General colour

rich cinnamon-rufous, the lighter markings yellow instead of

grey. Head yellow to level of ears. Withers-mark well

developed, strongly contrasted, buffy yellow. Under surface

pale buffy yellow, the belly tending more towards ferruginous.

Fore limbs to wrists buffy yellow. Hind limbs deep ferru-

ginous. Naked part of tail wholly dark brown to end.

Hab. Guatemala.

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 6. 10. 22. 1. Collected

by J. Rodriguez. Presented by F. DuCane Godman, Hsq.

he dark colour of the tail is unique in the group, but is

paralleled among some of the species of Metachirus. Its

very rich ferruginous colour and the yellowness of the light

markings—whitish grey in other forms—will realily distin-

guish this handsome animal from all its allies,

Philander laniger nauticus, subsp. n.

Most nearly allied to PA. 1. pallidus, to which it has been

hitherto referred, but the brown colour usual in the members

360 On the Geographical Races of the Woolly Opossum.

of the group less reduced, the general colour being about

“ sayal-brown ”’ in all four specimens, as compared with the

nearly completely grey colour of eight examples of true

pallidus. Head little paler than body. No withers-mark

perceptible. Under surface pale buffy. Forearms and

wrists buffy whitish. Hind limbs pale brown.

Hab. Aslands off the west coast of Panama. Type from

Gobernador Island, others from Brava and Cebaco Islands.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 3. 3. 1.124. Collected by

J. H. Batty. Presented by the Hon. Walter Rothschild,

Deas

A browner and less peculiarly grey relative of the Chiriqui

Ph. 1. pallidus.

Philander laniger pictus, subsp. n.

A brightly marked form resembling Ph. /. aztecus. Colours

sharply and strongly contrasted. Ground-colour rich ferru-

einous, light colours clear grey. Head grey to level of ears.

Withers-mark prominent, large, clear greyish white. Under

surface creamy white throughout. Fore limbs wholly

greyish white, this colour also extending up into the body-

colour behind the shoulders. Outer side of hips and whole

of hind limbs clear greyish white, divided on the rump by

the ferruginous body-colour, which becomes dark brown on

the hairy part of the tail.

Hab. West Colombia and N. Ecuador. Type from Apia,

Rio Apia, Cauca slopes of West Colombia. Alt. 5000’.

Another specimen from St. Javier, N. Keuador.

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 10. 7.16.5. Collected

10th November, 1909, by Mr. M. G. Palmer. :

In general appearance very like Pd. 1. aztecus, but with

the grey on the hips separated mesially, and with the hind

limbs and feet white instead of brown.

Philander laniger jivaro, subsp. n.

Most nearly allied to Ph. l. ornatus, Tsch., the Peruvian

representative of the group; but, while that is more or less

rufous in general tone (astrongly marked specimen is nearest

to “ amber-brown,” Ridgway), the present form is a dark

golden brown without rufous tinge, most nearly approaching

“cinnamon-brown’’ (Ridgway, 1912). Under surface ave-

raging rather darker than in ornatus, the axillary hairs not

lighter than those of the belly. Inguinal region dull white.

Outer side of hips hoary grey. Tail with the difference in

On new Voles from the Inner [ebrides, Scotland. 361

extent of hair above and below over 4 inches; the base

coloured like the back,

Hab. Eastern Ecuador. '‘l'ype from Sarayacu on tbe

Pastasa River. Another specimen from Canelos, on the

Bobonasa, alt. 2100’.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 80. 5. 6.75. Collected by

Mr. Clarence Buckley.

From the dull-coloured PA. 1. cicur of Santa Marta and

Bogota this subspecies differs by its greyer hips and the

greater difference between the upper and lower extent of thie

hair of the tail; but it is no doubt intermediate in character

as in locality between ornatus and cicur.

XLI1L.—Three new Voles from the Inner Hebrides, Scotland.

By G. E. H. Barrerr-Haminton and Martin A. C.

HINTON. :

In a paper recently read before the Zoological Society we

gave an account of a collection of small mammals from the

Inner Hebrides, This was made by Mr. R. W. Sheppard in

1912, working under the direction of Mr. W. R. Ogilvie-

Grant, who organized and managed the expedition. Harly

in the present year Mr, Ogilvie-Grant arranged with Mr. D.

Anderson and Mr. P. D. Montague to continue the field-work,.

Mr, Anderson went to the Outer Hebrides and subsequently

to Rum and Higg, while Mr. Montague visited Skye and the

neighbouring islands of Raasay, Muck, and Higg. Later,

Mr. C. H. B. Grant completed the work in Skye. The

resulting collections are of great importance, and when fully

worked out will throw much light on several obscure

problems. In the present note we have to describe a new

species of Hvotomys from Raasay and two new subspecies ef

the Microtus agrestis group, one from each of the islands

Higg and Muck.

1. Evotomys erica, sp. n.

Lub, RAASAY, Inner Hebrides.“ Trapped in big heather,

rather scarce” (Moutague).

Material examined, Three adult, but not old, males.

Dimensions :—

Head and Hind

body. Tail. foot. Lar.

No. 79 (type), male, 15th April, 1913,. 110 45 18 18

No. 80, ih aa SOOO) ES aay Ano aes

No. 81, Cy PSRs tay ani he Shp AS or BO RO Belg

362 Messrs. Barrett-Hamilton and Hinton on new

External characters. Like E. alstont from Mull (Abstract

P. Z. S. no. 119, 15th April, 1913, p. 18) in general appear-

ance, but slightly larger and with very robust tail. The

underside is much more heavily washed with buff, and is in

sharp contrast with the dark-coloured flanks; the under

surface of the tail is clear buff, and sharply contrasted with

the dark brown of its upper side.

Dental and cranial characters. The cheek-teeth are of

normal form, but are much larger than in Z. alstoni or most

other species of Hvotomys, being scarcely smaller than those

of cesarius: ch.t.3* has always a deep third inner fold

and usually a large fourth inner salient angle, but in no. 80

the latter is obsolete in the left tooth.

The skull is most readily distinguished from that of

FE. alstoni by its larger cheek-teeth, broader zygomatic arches,

heavier jugals (their upper borders boldly convex), more

prominent and extensive postorbital crests, less convex

parietal region, wider pterygoid fesse, with correspondingly

narrower choanee, and vertical instead of ventrally divergent

pterygoids. ‘The antero-internal part of each auditory bulla

is produced into a blunt point instead of being rounded.

The outer wall of the infraorbital canal is a little wider, the

rostrum rather deeper and narrower, with smaller and nar-

rower palatal foramina, the interorbital region slightly more

constricted, and the palate relatively wider. The mandible

is larger than in alstoni, its coronoid, condylar, and angular

processes noticeably more robust; its inferior border is much

thicker and the lower margin of the angle is broadened

throughout into a wide surface for the insertion of the super-

ficial part of the masseter muscle; the width of this surface

ig 1-4 mm., but in Z. alstoni only 0-4 mm. For the cranial

dimensions see table on p. 363.

Remarks. As we have pointed out elsewhere, L. alstoni is

of interest, since in our opinion it represents in a somewhat

modified form the type which in the late Pleistocene period

was dominant in Western Europe. This type appears to have

been ousted from the more favoured portions of its territory

by an incoming rival, /. glareolus ; and it survives only in

islands, on mountains, or in the less hospitable northern

districts. In each of such restricted stations it has suffered

more or less profound modification in coping with the demands

of purely local conditions, and therefore it is now represented

* In this paper we write “ ch.¢.” instead of the usual “m.,”” because

such a symbol is non-committal; in the opinion of one of us (see Proc.

Geol. Assoc. xxi. p. 490, 1910) the anterior cheek-teeth of Microtinze are

persistent ‘ milk-molars,” and the formula dm. i m. the correct one

for the group.

363

Voles from the Inner Hebrides, Scotland.

‘(opuxyord sjoor avpour) pio

‘pasy

‘(xapLog IwpOaATR 4B ayqrsta yak

JOU SPOOL LE[OUL) TapypO ATUPSITS

‘yjupe cunox

“SY MBVUL YT

*(aBpoaaye)

1]}99}-Yooyd Iaaor yf

9-16

L:GG

BFE

DPS

LEL | @g

9-GL | 9g

POL | $9

LOL | 69

= (=|

e len

= 4 2

om ee

4 B* e

tom!

G96

0:86

9-96

“*BUTO4SVI(T

G8G

9-66

"TEJSuEy [ese

| L9F | 2PL | 689 | OOL | ~

z mie

illic ci ‘ON

+ad 9 66819 oT y)4 ad Ay,

"1U0}8)D “oT

treeeeeees 19 cON

ee ee ee te 32 “ON

"DAMA “TL

— (NOL = 13819]

[B8vq-O[Apuod) SNOTLONGAYT

I "2 Sas Tata te oy ae

G.0G ON. ORs 9 se OB AS 4 ee nan

"2UO}S)D “oT

AE eg A SI

pays ew tw ae 6 6L “ON

“DOW “OT

‘(avrpem) yydep jeqidrsg9

“YApvord Proyseyy

"MOTJILIJSMOI [B]TGLOL9}UT

"TIpRorq oVULOSAZ

"YQSuay [vseq-opApuoy

“1U0 }STB mG i PUD VOIId gtk fo SUOIS LOWY T [DLuds)

364 Messrs. Barrett-Hamilton and Hinton on new

by a number of specifically or subspecifically distinet forms.

Among such relicts 4. alstoni is one of the least modified,

and appears to have its closest ally in LZ. norvegicus, the

Skandinavian representative of the ancient type. The

Raasay Bank-mouse carries the story a stage further. A

careful analysis of the dental and cranial characters of all the

available species of Hvotomys recently made by one of us

leaves no room for doubting that HZ. alstond and FE. ertca are

more nearly allied to each other than is either of them to any

other known form. Of them, the former is the more primitive;

the latter appears to have adapted itself to subsistence upon a

coarser diet than that affected by most species of Hvotomys.

For this purpose the cheek-teeth have become larger and

stronger; the muscles of the jaws have therefore acquired

greater strength, and this in turn has, by demanding in-

creased size and strength from those parts of the skull to

which the muscles in question are attached, moulded the

skull in a peculiar way. Thus the growth of the anterior

part of the temporal muscle has caused more extensive con-

striction of the interorbital region, produced longer and more

prominent postorbital crests, and stimulated growth of the

upper border of the jugal. The increased development of

the masseter has caused deepening of the rostrum, widening

of the outer wall of the infraorbital canal, and expansion of

the zygomata, in addition to the change in the angular

process of the mandible described above. To the growth of

the pterygoid internus is due the widening of the pterygoid

fossee and the narrowing of the interpterygoid space; further,

because of this extension the eustachian tube, in order to

keep in connection with the pharynx, has grown further —

forwards and inwards, and so has produced the change noted

in the form of the bullee.

Microtus agrestis mial, subsp. n.

Hab. Exae, Inner Hebrides. ‘‘ Not entirely nocturnal ;

common in big heather’? (Montague).

Material examined. ‘Yen collected by Mr. P. D. Montague.

Dimensions :-—

Head and Hind

body. Tail. foot. Ear.

No. 63, male, 30th March, 1913....... 108 32 18 13

No. 66, ,, Bist ,, “plan he 116 32 4685 8

ING. °716,* 55 ts ER eA pr ee ee 108 34 18 13

No. 49, female, 29th March ,, ...... 104 51 195 18

No. 60,: yo Wether ee 110.7 89 Ota

No. bl, 9°, 2200h > Gy, on, 0G ao lo

No. 62 Uta te as ae cee 103 30 19 15

No. 64(type), female, 80th March, 1913. 113 36 20 12

No. 65, » ey pl 10 ae

No. 67, » Bist oy 00 6 eee

Voles from the Inner Hebrides, Scotland. 365

Nine collected by Mr. D. Anderson :—

Head and Hind

body. Tail. foot. Ear.

No. 61, male, 13th June, 1913 .... 107 39 18 13

Wo. 65 jr MRM es ogc vcs ay Loe. Soe eles Gaels

WoiG4f SOMMER Ue ies gen osu Hdd “Sib pee

No.. Th ero hee eee = 36 18 13

No. 72, male, juv., 19th June,1915.. 98 27 18 10

No. 60, female, 13th June, 1915.... 101 i) 17 12

ING: GZo04 "5. “f ne ah eatin BLO 37 18 12

Wore v5 * LSth 3 ee a EG 38 19 13

Nox G03) 7:3; " i SLUR An Hy wea 37 17 12

Judging from the skulls the specimens range from imma-

ture to young adult. None are really old.

External characters. Having regard to the age of the

specimens this new form agrees in size and proportions with

M. a. exsul, from which, however, it differs strikingly in

pelage. The general colour of the back is about as in ewsul,

but the rump and flanks are much darker ; the underside and

the posterior surface of each hind leg are silvery, in sharp

contrast with the dark brown of the flanks and rump.

Rarely the underside shows faint traces of a median stripe of

yellowish wash. The fur is longer and rather coarser in

texture than in easu/, giving the animal a shaggy instead of

a sleek appearance; this and the darkening of the rump and

flanks is due to the greater abundance and length of the

black “bristle” hairs. These features are conspicuous in

both vernal and zstival specimens.

Dental and cranial characters. In enamel-pattern the cheek-

teeth of mial agree with those of ewsul: in the nineteen cases

examined only one was entirely without a trace of the fourth

inner angle in ch. t. 1; in three this structure was represented

merely by a microscopic vestige ; in eleven it was small but

quite distinct ; and in four it was large and of regular form.

Nine skulls admit of detailed investigation: their condylo-

basal lengths range between 25:4 and 27:4 mm., and the

condition of their temporal ridges &e. is such as to indicate

that, as in evsul and other subspecies of agrest’s, the condylo-

basal length in old specimens must amount to 28°5 mm. or

more. Compared with skulls of exsul of equal age, that of

mial agrees closely, differing only in having the nasals rela-

tively a little shorter, the auditory bull slightly smaller,

and the basioccipital, which, of course, is in close relation

with the bull, slightly shorter. These differences are made

clear in the following table :—

266 Messrs. Barrett-Hamilton and Hinton on new

M. a. mial. M. a. exsul.

1. Condylo-basal length...........se+0s 100 100

OF INGERVIIMEetH MN Bogtoocdoudceon es Sood 26:2-27°3 28:0-30°0

3. Distance between condyle and molars... 89°8-42°3 396-421

4, 5 - i anterior

faco (of bulla GoGo dete ecient: cosas 284-296 29°5-3 14

5. Median length of basioccipital........ 15°8-15°9 15:3-17'8

It is quite likely that when older skulls of mzal come to

hand further distinctions from evsud will be found ; a sugges-

tion of this is afforded by the skull of the type, which has

the parietal region flatter than in any of the numerous skulls

of evsul before us. For the cranial dimensions see table on

p. 367.

Remarks. M. a. mial is to be regarded as a_ peripheral

and local modification of JZ. a. exsul ; in the Outer Hebrides

the latter, so far as is known, shows no tendency to be

differentiated into local races on the various islands which it

inhabits.

3. Microtus agrestis luch, subsp. n.

Hab. Muck, Inner Hebrides. ‘ Very scarce; trapped in

short heather on the edge of the cliff” (Alontague).

Material examined. 'Vhree adults collected by Mr. P. D.

Montague. Dimensions :—

Head and Hind

body. Tail. foot. Ear.

No. 72, male, 4th April, 1913 ...... 108 32 175 11:0

No. 74 (type), male, 5th April, 1918.. 110 33 18 115

No. 78, female, 4th April, 1918 .... 100 38 18 11-0

In the skulls the temporal ridges are fused in the inter-

orbital region, and these animals are at least nearly of full

size.

Fiaternal characters. Size smailer than in other subspecies

of agrestis, nearly as in AZ. dirtus. The fur is dense and

shaggy, rather like that of mia/, although this character is

less marked. The underside, including that of tail, has

throughout a heavy wash of buff or yellow, darkened here

and there by the slaty bases of the hairs. On the back the

black “bristle”? hairs are nearly as abundant and as long as

in mial, and the colour is as dark as in the latter ; laterally

these hairs are fewer in number and shorter, so that the

colour of the flanks is lighter than in the Eigg form, and it

passes insensibly into the buff of the underside.

Dental and cranial characters. The cheek-teeth are normal ;

ch. t. 1 las no trace of a fourth inner angle. Save for its

pa Nil sel oy

"snp.lry Snp.ry * Ar

—

‘pey! 19 | 8or | Fo | os | FZ | og | OTT

| ‘erout 20 pass-oppry| Lo | sor | e9 | oz | oz | 99 | ett | oe leer | oog | FL ON Spnqy

yon) "D "TY

367

‘pey! F9 | G21 | 69 | 08 Bd, le FO | ECLA SSS eID Tage hehe Son ss oe keer gape

‘snjoaybou “y “Ay

OFT | HOG [eters 9g son

LOL ROG” | we ere ak Seas

JOT | PekG as HO «Bey oe grees

‘SOT Youu vy “yyy

ie. G9 | F9T | 99 | SZ 0-9 | GIT

SIepe sano A gig, (0-20 | 29° | FL

(addy) ‘pose-oippyy | ¢.9 | 621 | F-9

CedsZ) ‘pesy| 49 | out | Tz | ez | 28 | 29 | ost | pe POL WP diBe. fo Se OR a es are

“unuanpbonue Dy Tyr

‘peey| 99 | O21] 69 | 18 | 8 | LZ | ost | pe | OT | 9-82 ee RS ee

ae oe | eal S| BOS eB) 6B. 690) Cin Ce Eat ireee) a ok ee aeeeneuaaay

‘peme-oPPIN| L9 {Sot )/ 29 | 92 | 92 | 29 | Pit | te | eer | p93 | 911 “N

"Insva “D *AT |

Voles from the Inner Hebrides, Scotland.

a ee eo ee ee |S lime |

—=~P & =~ D & S = + a3 =

2s r=} es! 72) & =o a) © fo)

— a a Fomet fate ~ col no 1 I

=a = Qu aa ff i ey ° S =| S

1? xe a ae fara ay Et ry = i=] pee

a S 62 5 ® 2 a o © is)

ms > ee =) (=| = ; =o er 1

> ¢ 4 ‘ (oie) iy ct O° (=m

mw & we a Ler} ~ PC)

ae Ze, e | \e g al ea Nay:

“syrBarey =o ® : aay = 3 ® a

1 ae o @ i=) ch B 2 —

fia = B 5, = oR

Cro @ 2 t+

o & a S =

eo => ee a. :

im i=] =)

= Ls

‘dno siysoise "W 247 fo SuLOT YSYIMG fo suorsuaUIg pprun.t

368 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Deseriptions and

smaller size the skull cannot be distinguished from that of

M. a. neglectus ; it differs quite strikingly from the skull of

mial in its smaller size, relatively greater zygomatic breadth,

broader brain-case, and longer basioccipital (17:3 °/, of

condylo-basal length). For the cranial dimensions see table

on p. 367.

Remarks. This mouse is apparently a dwarfed insular

development of M. a. neglectus, the form inhabiting the

Scottish mainland. The presence of such an animal on

Muck is the more interesting when we recall that on Eigg,

as on Skye, Mull, Jura, Islay, Gigha, and Arran the grass-

mice are either identical with evsul or more nearly related to

it than to néglectus. It seems probable that Eigg and Muck

have been separated from each other for a very long time

and that Muck has been joined with the mainland at a more

recent date than that of the severance of most of the other

islands.

XLIIT.—Descriptions and Records of Bees—LIV.

By T. D. A. Cocxrre yt, University of Colorado.

Megachile vincta, Vachal.

Two females from Guayaquil, Ecuador (Buchwald: Alfken

coll. 1). Previously known only from Arica, Chili. In one

the abdomen shows distinct green tints. The ventral scopa

is clear white, with a little black hair at extreme apex.

Megachile pyrrhogastra, sp. un.

? .—Length about 125 mm.

Robust ; head and thorax black, with long pale ochreous

hair ; abdomen bright ferruginous, the first segment above

with ochreous hair, second to fifth with rather broad, entire,

orange-fulvous hair-bands; ventral scopa white, scanty and

fulvous on Jast segment ; extreme sides of third and following

segments with black hair, long and conspicuous, invading

the scopa, on the fourth. Wings strongly reddish, with an

orange tint. Legs black, the femora more or less stained

with red. Mandibles broad, quadridentate ; clypeus shining,

strongly punctured, the lower margin with two tubercles

close together ; antenne chestnut-red, dusky above ; meso-

thorax granular from very dense minute punctures ; tegulie

Records of Bees. 369

ferrnginous ; hair of legs pale, ferruginous on inner side of

the broad hind tarsi; spurs very pale reddish ; apical tarsal

joints ferruginous ; claws simple; last dorsal abdominal

segment straight in profile, with very fine and short ap-

pressed ochraceous hair, and some longer hairs; a few

black hairs before the orange band on fifth segment.

Hab. Guayaquil, Ecuador (Buchwald; Alfken coll. 3).

Resembles M. pulchra, Smith, but differs in the colour of

the legs and abdominal bands.

Megachile pyrrhotricha, sp. n.

9? .—Length about 125 mm.

Robust ; black, with the hind tarsi and small joints of the

other tarsi rather obscure red. Wing gs rather dilute fuligi-

nous; ventral scopa bright fox-red. Head broad ; mandibles

quadridentate ; clypeus shining, strongly punctured, with a

delicate median raised line, lower margin practically

straight; cheeks and sides of face and front with con-

spicuous long white hair, vertex with black hair; antennie

dark ; mesothorax dull in front, but otherwise shining, with

scattered punctures of different sizes, none large ; middle of

scute]lum smooth and shining ; a very little black hair on

thorax above, but an erect tuft on tubercles ; margins of

mesothorax (including band in scutello-mesothoracic suture) ,

and all of metathorax and pleurz with creamy-white hair ;

tegule piceous. Legs with pale hair, fox-red on inner side

of hind tarsi; spurs very pale re diish ; claws with a sub-

basal tooth. Abdomen shining, finely punctured, with a

faint greenish tint ; first segment above with creamy-white

hair, the others with pale fulvous hair-bands, more or less

interrupted on the second; segments between the bands

with scanty short black hair; last dorsal segment straight in

profile, with very minute appressed fulvous hairs, and black

bristles laterally.

Hab. Guayaquil, Ecuador, 2 2 (Buchwald; Alfken

coll. 2).

Not unhke M. ehrysophila, Ckll., but sculpture of scu-

tellum wholly different.

Megachile perochracea, sp. n,

9 .—Length about 10 mm.

Robust ; black, including the tarsi, mandibles obscurely

reddish ; hair of head and thorax above bright ochreous

mixed with fuscous; hair of face (mixed with black on

Ann. & May. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xii. 27

370 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Deseriptions and

clypeus), cheeks, pleursze, and metathorax vale ochreous,

becoming white on underside of thorax ; first abdamurel

segment “above with fulvous hair, brighter than the ochreous

bands on the second to fifth segments ; sides of third and

following segments with long black hair ; ; ventral scopa

creamy white, with black hair only at extreme sides ; tegulie

reddish ochraceous, with a fuscous spot. Wings dusky.

Head very broad; mandibles obscurely quadridentate ;

clypeus shining, well punctured, with a median ridge, the

lower margin gently concave in the middle; antenne dark ;

mesothorax and scutellum dull, densely granular-punctate ;

a broad fulvous hair-band in scutello-mesothoracic suture.

Legs with pale hair, ferruginous on inner side of tarsi; hind

basitarsi broad; claws simple; black hair between the

abdominal bauds extremely short; left dorsal segment in

profile slightly concave, with short ochraceous tomentum

and small dark bristles.

Hab. Guayaquil, Ecuador, 38 92 (Buchwald; Alfken

coll. 5).

Very like M. permunda, Ckll., only known in the male,

but that Brazilian species has red legs. It is superficially

rather like M. lenticula, Vach., but the sculpture of the

mesothorax is entirely different.

Megachile portalis, sp. n.

? .—Length a little over 10 mm.

Robust ; black, with the dorsal hair cream-coloured or

very pale ohee eous and black, the other hair white ; abdo-

minal bands very narrow, entire; black hair at sides of

abdomen, but ventral scopa w hite, black on last segment

except basally. Wings strongly dusky; tegule piceous.

Eyes converging below; clypeus densely punctured, lower

margin gently concave in middle. Antenne slender, fla-

gellum obscure reddish beneath ; face and cheeks with white

hair (thin on elypeus), vertex with black ; mesothorax and

scutellum dull, densely and finely punctured; a pale hair-

band in scutello-mesothoracic suture. Legs with pale hair,

ferruginous on inner side of tarsi ; claws simple ; last dorsal

segment straight in profile, with appressed ochreous tomen-

tum and small black bristles.

Hab. Guayaquil, Ecuador, 2 92 (Buchwald; Alfken

coll. 4).

Close to M. perochracea, but the pubescence is differently

coloured and the clypeus has no median ridge.

Records of Bees. 37

The following table will readily separate the above

species :—

PEA DO OMEN REG hc glace sais lg Seg eea: & syeecaest ok py rhogastra, Ckll.

SALOME: GATE. wy wa 3% fdatedees wee MEG tAns i

Pe Aon eral seo ia, POM. ch Spat mars sitet aati ye tno oa Oy Saag Ck.

Mentraliscopanot red: sate anton mess kei =

2. Thorax above with hair all black ............ hiicion Vachal.

Thorax above with hair not all black.......... 3.

3. First abdominal segment with bright ochreous or

fulyous hair; clypeus with a median ridge.. perochracea, Chl.

WVREROM Nese GHARACEEPS' Soy occas sie wae vot portalis, Cx.

Megachile kashgarensis, sp. u.

? .—Length 134 mm.

Very robust; black, with ochreous pubescence ; vertex

and dises of mesothorax and scutellum with dark chocolate-

coloured hair; head as broad as thorax; antenne dark ;

mandibles with the long cutting-edge very oblique, with four

well-defined subequal teeth ; ely peus coarsely and extremely

densely punctured, with a shining median line, lower margin

straight, faintly trituberculate ; face with abundant pale

ochraceous hair ; mesothorax with the sides densely rugoso-

punctate, but the disc shining, with large well-separated

punctures ; scutellum densely punctured; no conspicuous

hair-bands on thorax; tegule piceous, with broad pale

rufous margins. Wings hyaline, slightly dysky; b.n.

falling short of t-m. Legs black, with pale hair, ferru-

ginous on inuer side of tarsi ; hind basitarsi broad ; anterior

tibiz with a fringe of long hair behind. Abdomen hairy

aud with narrow, well-defined, entire bands on all the seg-

ments except the last; second to fourth segments with

ochreous hair covering part before the bands, but fifth and

sixth segments show black hair, and fourth a little black just

before the band ; apical segment in profile a little concave,

with black and pale erect hair; ventral scopa pale fuiyous,

white at base, not at all black at apex.

Hab. Kashgar, Chinese Turkestan, Aug, 27, 1893 (W. L.

Abbott). U.S. National Museum.

Very similar to M, lagopoda (L.), but with much less

black hair on the apical part of the abdomen, and thicker,

more conspicuous abdominal bands. The hind basitarsus is

considerably broader in -M. lagoyoda. Judging from the

description, M. rescinda, Smith, may also be similar, but it

is said to have tridentate mandibles, and no dark. hair is

mentioned on head and thorax above. M. kashgarensis may,

27*

372 Mr. T. D. A, Cockerell—Descriptions and

perhaps, be a desert subspecies of lagopoda; it certainly

differs from the three species of the lagopoda group described

by Morawitz.

Melipona orbignyi, Guér.

Strand (Zool. Jahrb. 1910, p. 556) has discussed this

species, indicating the confusion which has arisen regarding

it. J have a male, which appears to be quite correctly

determined, from F. Smith’s collection. I have also before

me two workers from Rosario, Argentina (Alfken coll. 33) ;

they differ from the male by the black elypeus, with a little

reddish around the edges, and the black hair of vertex,

cheeks, and legs. These workers are easily distinguished

from those of MW. quinquefasciata, Lep., from Asuncion,

Paraguay (Schrottky), by the black hair just mentioned, the

lack of a clypeal stripe and of lateral face-marks, and the

very broadly interrupted band on first abdominal segment.

Mesocheira bicolor (Fabr.).

Three from Guayaquil, Ecuador (v. Buchwald; Alfken

coll. 11), represent a variety with the abdomen green,

varying from yellowish green to peacock-green. The variety

elizabethe, Ckll., from thie mountains of Ecuador, is not

precisely the same, but I now doubt whether it represents a

distinct geographical race.

Mesoplia decorata (Smith).

Guayaquil, Ecuador (v. Buchwald; Alfken coll. 34). De-

scribed from Brazil.

Triepeolus buchwaldi (Friese).

Guayaquil, Ecuador, 1 g, 1 2? (v. Buchwald; Alfken

coll. 12).

The Epeolus buchwaldi, Friese, is a typical member of the

- North-American genus Triepeolus. It is very similar to

T’. sublunatus, Cll.

Crocisa lamprosoma, Boisduval.

New South Wales (Nat. Mus. Victoria, 119) : ‘ presented

by B. F. Hill, Windsor, 12. 97”? (Nat. Mus. Vict. 120).

I am not quite sure whether the specimen last cited was

collected at Windsor or not; some of the labels from the

Victorian Museum seem to refer to the residence of the

Records of Bees. 373

donor and the date of the donation, confusing information of

no scientific value. I also learn fear Mr. Froggatt that

there may be doubt about some of the localities OE Phe bees

he received from Melbcurne, many of which I have recorded,

crediting their capture to Mr. French. Mr. F roggatt ascer-

tained that the bees were bought from a talieseae “who

named them where he pinned them, s so the localities, unless

verified, are not reliable.’ In future, when I have occasion

to refer to bees of this lot, I shall cite the data on the labels,

but within quotation mar

Crocisa waroonensis, Cockerell.

Waroona, W.A. (G. F. Berthoud).

Marked nearly as in lamprosoma, but all the markings

white ; anterior part of micconhar with long white hair;

wings with a little more than the basal half clear hyaline,

the ‘apical half fuscous, with the usual spots.

Parasphecodes excultus, Cockerell.

Magnet, Tasmania (Lea).

Female not unlike P. speculiferus, Ckl., but tegulz rufous ;

posterior disc of mesothorax shining, with well-separated

punctures; area of metathorax much shorter ; abdomen

with only segments 2 and 3 and apical half of first red.

Paracolletes leai, Cockerell.

Ulverstone, Tasmania (Lea),

Female about 113; mm. long, rather slender; shining

black ; clypeus strongly punctured and with a median ri idge ; :

mesothorax sparsely punctured ; hind tibial scopa large,

creamy white, stained with fuscous behind.

Full descriptions of the above three species will be found

in Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales.

Anthoglossa huckeri, sp. n.

? —Length 14 mm.

Robust ; black, the hind margins of abdominal segments

with the tegument broadly shining orange-golden; wings

strongly dusky ; ; antenne and legs black. Head very bro ad ;

clypeus shining, with strong scattered punctures; hair of

head and thorax white on oiies and below, w hite also on

face and occiput, but dark sooty on vertex and dorsum of

thorax, also just below wings, and on upper part of sides of

metathorax ; ; mesothorax and scutellum dull; b.n. falling

Die Mr, T. D. A. Cockerell

Descriptions and

short of t.-m.; second s.m. very broad, receiving first r.n.

in middle ; tegule black ; hair of femora white, of tibize and

tarsi black ; on inner side of anterior tarsi the hair is ferru-

ginous; abdomen, except for the bands, dull and black, with

no punctures and no distinct hair-bands; caudal fimbria dark

sooty ; ventral segments fringed with white hair.

Hab. Tambourine Mountain, Queensland, Oct. 27, 1912

(H. Hacker). Queensl. Museum 76.

A very beautiful species, structurally lke A. aureotincta,

Ckl!., but differing by the absence of a band on first abdo-

minal segment, the dark hair of upper part of head, and the

dusky wings.

Trichocolletes venustus (Smith).

Oakleigh, 1894 (B. F. Hill; Nat. Mus. Vict. 110).

Paracolletes megachalceus, sp. 0.

? .—Length about 14 mm.

Robust ; head and thorax black, densely hairy ; abdomen

brassy green, the hind margins of second and following

segments broadly pale reddish ; postscutellum with a median

tubercle. Wings dusky hyaline, nervures ferruginous, b. n.

falling just short of t.-m.; second s.m. broad, receiving first

y.n. some distance before middle; third s.m. receiving

second r.n. very near end. Head very broad; clypeus

shining, strongly punctured ; flagellum red at apex and far

toward base beneath; hair of face, cheeks, pleura, and

occiput dull white, of front pale fulvous, of vertex purplish

fuscous, of thorax above (also just below wings) dense and

very bright rufo-fulvous ; dise of mesothorax shining, with

scattered punctures, but in front the mesothorax is more

closely punctured ; tegule bright orange-ferruginous. Legs

red, more or less clouded with dusky, their hair mainly pale,

but fuscons on outer side of middle and hind tibize and tars! ;

hind tibial scopa very large and loose, beautifully plumose,

anteriorly white, fuscous behind, the tibia on inner side with

appressed light fulvous hair, Abdomen with much fulvous

hair, but no hair-bands ; hair of fifth segment bright red,

but of sixth more sooty ; venter with cream-coloured hair.

Hab. Clarence River, New South Wales (Wilson; Nat.

Mus. Vict. 124).

A very fine species, structurally related to P. dentiger,

Ckil., but larger, more robust, and quite differently coloured.

Records of Bees. 375

Paracolletes fimbriatinus, Cockerell.

Two males from Victoria Museum ; New South Wales

(123) and no locality (112).

Paracolletes megadontus, sp. n.

? .—Length 10 mm.

Head, thorax, and abdomen steel-blue, with greenish tints,

strongly punctured ; postscutellum with a very prominent

tooth ; antenne dark, flagellum reddish at end ; pubescence

black and white ; caudal fimbria dense and black, but a

tuft of white hair on each side of abdomen subapically.

Wings dusky hyaline; sides of front with very strongly

marked black foveal depressions, which at the upper end

almost touch lateral ocelli.

Very near to P. dentiger, Ckll., differing as follows :—

Smaller; the thin hair of clypeus white ; area of metathorax

smooth and shining, without transverse striz ; secoud s.m.

receiving first r.n. before the middle, but not near base ;

third s.m. receiving second r.n. much nearer apex ; hind

legs not metallic ; hair on outer side of tarsi and of middle

tibize black, also black on inner side of tarsi; hind tibial

scopa bicoloured, white and black; abdomen shining and

finely punctured.

Also very close to P. ceruleotinctus, Ckll., which is known

only in the male; but from the entirely different colour of

hair of head and thorax and the prominent postscutellar

spine (male ceruleotinctus has a slight prominence, not

amounting to a tooth or spine), as well as the darker vena-

tion, it can hardly be the opposite sex of that species.

Hab. Calowadra, Queensland, Oct. 380, 1912 (H. Hacker ;

Queensl. Mus. 81).

Andrena (Trachandrena) prunicola, sp. n.

? Length 10 mm.

Black, with greyish-white pubescence ; hind tibize and

tarsi clear ferruginous ; middle tarsi dark reddish ; facial

quadrangle a little broader than long; process of labrum

broad, truncate; clypeus shining, strongly and closely

punctured, without a smooth line ; facial fovez brownish

white, rather narrow, tapering below to a point about level

with middle of supraclypeal area, not widely separated from

eye; supraclypeal area densely punctured, the punctures

much smaller than those of clypeus ; flagellum obscurely

reddish beneath toward end; third antennal joint a little

376 Mr. C. Forster-Cooper on Thaumastotherium osborni.

shorter than next two combined ; mesothorax shining, with

strong scattered punctures ; mesopleura dull, strongly and

closely punctured ; area of metathorax semilunar, sharply

defined behind, with fine weak ridges, the sculpture un-

usually fine fora 7rachandrena ; tegule dark reddish. Wings

reddish hyaline ; nervures and the large stigma chestnut-

red; b.n. meeting t.-m., second s.m. receiving first r.n.

beyond middle. Hair of legs pale; scape of hind tibia

rather small, white. Abdomen shining, strongly punctured,

second segment in middle depressed a little less than half ;

white hair-bands at sides of second segment, on third except

in middle, and right across fourth; hair at apex of abdomen

pale fulvous.

Hab. Beulah, New Mexico (Canadian Zone), at flowers of

wild plum, May 80 (Wilmatte Porter).

On account of the weak sculpture of the metathoracic area

this resembles 4. radiatula, Ckll., but that species has the

second abdominal segment depressed more than half, and

the hind tibiz and tarsi are not ferruginous.

Andrena argentinia, var. trichomelena, v. n.

¢.—Hair of face entirely black; of cheeks, Jegs, and

sides and venter of abdomen mainly black or sooty.

? .—Hair of face entirely black.

Hab. Florissant, Colorado, 2 3 (one of them the type)

and 1 ? at flowers of Salix brachycarpa; 1 3 at flowers of

Ribes vallicola, June 10, 1907. All collected by S. A.

Rohwer.

A. argentinie was described as A. vicina argentinie, Ckil.,

but it is probably a distinct species.

At Longs Peak Inn, Colorado, alt. 8956 ft., June 25 and

26, 19138, I took Andrena marie, Rob., A. tacitula, CkIl.,

A. cyanophila, Ckll., and A. medionitens, Ckll. These records

are of interest on account of the altitude.

XLIV.—Thaumastotherium osborni, a new Genus of Perisso-

dactyles from the Upper Oligocene Deposits of the Bugti

Hills of Baluchistan. — Preliminary Notice. By C.,

Forster-Cooper, M.A., University Demonstrator in

Comparative Morphology, Cambridge.

DuriInG an expedition to Baluchistan in 1911 I found, among

other fossils, a mammalian atlas and dorsal vertebra remark-

able for their unusually large size. These I suggested

Mr. C. Porster-Cooper on Thaumastotherium osborni. 377

might have belonged to an animal whose lower jaws were

obtained at the same time, and which were made * the type

of a new genus and species, Paraceratherium bugliense.

On a second expedition. to the same locality, made the

following year, the skull belonging to these same jaws was

discovered, which shows clearly enough that the association

of jaws and vertebra was erroneous, the condyles of the

skull being far too small for the atlas.

At the same time three other cervical vertebree of corre-

spondingly large size were brought to light, and with them a

femur, tibia, part of an ulna, two humeri, and several foot-

bones,

These fragments point to the presence in these deposits of

an animal, apparently a Perissodactyle, of such unusual size

and shape as to require a new genus for its reception. For

the atlas, therefore, and for the bones associated with ta |

propose the generic and specific names Vhaumastotherium

osborni Tt.

The measurements of the various bones are as follows :—

(1) A left astragalus (fig. 1), Perissodactyle in general form,

measuring 18 em. acress the trochlear surface; the

edges of this surface are rather rounded as compared

with the sharper edges found in the corresponding

bone of the Rhinoceros,

(2) A lateral podial bone (fig. 2) 37-5 em. in length. A

second bone which awaits development from its

matrix is somewhat larger and has an apparent Jength

of 44 cm.

(3) The femur, a strong pillar-like bone, having the head in

line with the shaft, is 114 em. long and 19 em. across

the condyles. here is no trace of a third trochanter,

(4) The humeri are 85 cm, long, 24 cm. across the lower

articular surfaces, 30 em. across the supra-condy lar

ridges, the head being 24cm. from side to side and

19 cm. from front to back.

(9) The atlas (fig. 3) is 47-5 em. in extreme width from

wing to wing, 24 em. in depth of wing, and with a

condylar surface of 27-4 em,

* Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 8, vol. viii. p. 71J (1911).

+ In naming this animal I take this, my first, opportunity of expressing

my gratitude to Professor Henry Fairtield Osborn, President of the

American Museum of Natural History of New York, not only for the

benefit of a year’s training under his guidance, but for his continued

interest since that time. I should also like to record at the same time

my obligations to his colleagues at the museum for many friendly acts,

particularly Mr. Walter G ranger and Dr, W. K, Gregory.

378 Mr. C. Forster-Cooper on Thaumastotherium osborni.

(6) An anterior cervical vertebra (fig. 4, side view) of square

shape, measuring 30 cm. in length along the centrum

and 33 ecm. across the widest part. In shape it

corresponds roughly with the anterior vertebree of the

(dh Soe oie sen

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Ws : “i NV

\ \ ang ii = : ix Lif

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COR

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Mr, C. Forster- Cooper on Thaumastotherium osberni. 379

380 Mr. C. Forster-Cooper on Thaumastotherium osborni,

horse. The dorsal and ventral ridges are but little

marked. The vertebrarterial canal is very large and

shows a peculiar feature in the way it excavates the

centrum. ‘This modification is also shown by the

atlas, and still better in the following vertebra,

which is

(7) A later cervical (fig. 5, front view). ‘This bone differs

from that just described in having a less great fore-

and-aft depth, the proportions being otherwise much

the same. One side being broken away, it has been

possible to trace out the course of the vertebrarterial

canal, which shows a very curious feature in expanding

into a large “cave” in the body of the vertebra to

such an extent that the bone between the expansions

of each side is reduced to a thin vertical partition

running the length of the bone. ‘This structure is

shown in the accompanying diagram, which is a plan

of a section taken transversely through the vertebra.

Another similar vertebra, which is in process of

being prepared, shows the same feature, probably a

method of saving weight.

| i

int

Wy As

(8) ‘The remaining vertebra (fig. 7) is apparently an anterior

thoracic. Jt measures 42 cm. in width across the

posterior zygapophyses. The neural spine is rather

peculiar in being very broad and flat, the upper border

of the spine is broken away, but it does not seem to

have been very much higher.

Mr. C. Forster-Cooper on Thaumastotherium osborni. 381

As some of the bones are not yet fully developed, a further

description cannot be attempted here. In fact, there is some

difficulty in finding material for the purposes of comparison,

owing to the aberrant character of the bones. The astragalus,

as may be seen from the figure, is Perissodactyle rather than

anything else—at all events, it is not Proboscidian ; more-

over, it (as well as the other foot-bones, of which there are a

considerable number) is more comparable with those of the

Rhinoceros than anything else, in spite of great differences

in proportion and size. The two podial bones point to an

animal exceedingly dolichopodous, a remarkable feature when

the heavy build of the body is taken into consideration.

The femur and humerus are rather Proboscidian at first

sight, and are probably thus modified in each case as adapta-

tions to weight-carrying. ‘The absence of a third trochanter

does not necessarily imply that the owner is not a Perisso-

dactyle, seeing that the Titanotheres were without one.

It is the vertebrae, however, which show this animal in the

strangest light, for, in addition to the unique structure of the

vertebrarterial canal described above, the shape and measure-

ments of the bones themselves point to a very long neck.

At the end of this long neck there must have been a very

Jarge skull, witness the size of the condylar facets in the

atlas. It is very unfortunate that no trace of this skull

could be found to give us an idea of its shape ; but if we

take the length of the skull as about four times the width of

tlhe condyles (a proportion found in some of the rhinoceroses),

we get a head measuring well over a yard in length. The

weight of a mass like this at the end of a four-foot neck (a

moderate estimate) would require and account for some

strange modifications of the cervical vertebra.

It is thus impossible at present to give an idea of the

position of this animal. I believe all the bones described to

belong to one animal both from their close association in the

bone-bed and from the universal absence in these deposits of

a trace of any other form to which they could belong. The

Elephants and Khinoceroses living at the same time, of

which considerable remains have been found, point to forms

of small or not more than medium size (Paraceratherium

bugtiense, the next largest animal obtained, is about as large

as a modern rhinoceros).

It is to be hoped, however, that a stricter examination and

comparison of all the available material will throw some more

light on the structure and relationships of this interesting

form,

382 Miss O. M. Rees on Actinostola ecallosa.

XLV.—WNotes on Actinostola callosa (Verril/) = Dysactis

crassicornis (fHertwig). By Otwen M. Ress, B.S8c.,

U.C.W. Aberystwyth.

Tus Actinian was described by Hertwig in [2] as

Dysactis crassicornis of the genus Dysactis (Milne-Hdwards).

It is also described by MecMurrich as Actinostola callosa

(Verrill). McMaurrich obtained his specimen from off the

coast of Ecuador, South America. Hertwig obtained his

from the southern shores of America, 53° 38’ §., 70° 56’ W.

A specimen was collected by Mr. R. Vallentin, of Falmouth,

during his visit to the Falkland Islands, and recently sent by

him to Mr. C. L. Walton, who very kindly passed it on to me

for examination. It was picked up on the 5th Sept., 1910,

adhering to a root of Lessonia, during an onshore gale (S. W.)

in King George’s Bay, W. Falkland Islands.

External Characters of Actinostola callosa.

This specimen was in a state of contraction, yet all the

tentacles were in full view, probably because the sphincter

muscle was still expanded. The column is pillar-like, low,

and broad, with the diameter exceeding the height. Height

11 mm., diameter of tentacular crown 16 mm., diameter of

pedal dise 20 mm. The column-wall is firm and leathery

and variously corrugated, owing to contraction. The margin

is tentacular. The base is adherent, undulate in outline, and

exceeding the column. ‘The oral disk is concave, having the

mouth raised on a cone. The diamcter of the mouth is

7mm. The oral fissure is bounded by swelling papilla, of

which two at either end enclose the entrance to the cesopha-

geal grooves.

The tentacles are very numerous, and cover the whole of

the disk. The tentacles lying towards the outside become

shorter and also more slender than those near the mouth.

The outermost tentacles are so small that they merely project

as small knobs above the surface of the oral disk.

Length of tentacle of outer cycle is 1 mm.; length of

tentacle from the inuermost cycle is 3 mm.

They are arranged in five cycles: 12+124+ 244+48+4 96.

There is a distinct orifice at the tip of each tentacle. The

tentacles have no markings, but the outer ones are paler in

colour than the inner.

The colour of the body-wall is brick-red, the tentacles

being of a paler hue with a deep dark band around the

summit of the column,

Miss O. M. Rees on Actinostola callosa. 383

Internal Characters.

There is a diffuse mesogloeal sphincter muscle extending

a considerable way down the body-wall. It does not expand

suddenly, but is largest in the middle region and tapers off

very gradually as it is traced downwards. It does not

occupy the entire width of the column-wall, but lies through-

out its course nearer the endodermal surface than the ecto-

dermal. On its inner surface its cavities pass directly into

the ordinary longitudinal muscle of the mesogloea of the

column-wall. The sphincter muscle in cross-section appears

as a network of fibrilla, and the spaces between the fibrous

meshes appear empty. [In spirit. ]

In the living animal these spaces are filled with the proto-

plasm and the nuclei of the muscular corpuscles. here is

also a tendency for these closely packed cavities to be

arranged in longitudinal bands separated from one another

by strands of nearly homogeneous mesoglea, recalling the

arrangement described by Hertwig and McMurrich.

‘4

OS ae

if ge ae

Falkland specimen of Actinostola callosa.

The number of septa is large. They amount to ninety-six

pairs, which are distributed in five cycles. Twenty-four

pairs reach the stomatodeum to a less extent than the other

twelve. In addition to these, there is another cycle of twenty-

four imperfect pairs—this is the fourth cycle; while the

fifth cycle of forty-eight pairs consists of imperfect mesen-

teries which are very small and project only a short distance

beyond the endoderm. They bear neither reproductive

organs nor mesenterial filaments, but of eacl: pair one

mesentery is more highly developed than its fellow. ‘This

specimen is a male, and the testes are borne on all the

Fig. 2.

7 eee a AN Yq ean st AAW? Wr 5 ae Wigs y

Hien Ma i ou oat ital re AN Luh

Uni

Portion of a tranverse section through the mesenteries, sho

one pair of directives.

wing

Miss O. M. Rees on Actinostola callosa. 385

mesenteries of the fourth cycle. The mesenteries are there-

fore arranged in five cycles, thus :—6+6+ 12+ 24+ 48.

The musculature of the mesenteries is not very strongly

developed. ‘There is a fairly distinct parieto-basilar muscle,

which, on its distal end, is continued into a slender elongated

longitudinal muscle. he muscle-folds are not numerous.

‘They are slender, swollen at the tips, and sometimes divided.

The ectoderm of the column-wall is thick, and contains

numerous large yellowish gland-cells. The mesoglea is

Wy J {) ae

rect tA

pa postag Vv @,

a) os

eat

Portion of a transverse section through the oral disc, showing

two layers of muscles.

Index to lettering.

d., directive mesenteries.

ec,, ectoderm.

en., endoderm.

oes.gr., oesophageal groove.

ec.st., ectoderm lining the stomatodzeum.

mes. jil., mesenteric filament.

g.c., gland-cells.

m.;, wpper layer of muscle.

m.., lower layer of muscle.

n., nematocysts.

n.l., nerve-layer.

strong, becoming fibrous towards the inner surface. On

its outer surface it is raised into lobes, and these are covered

with ectoderm. ‘These account for the wrinkled appearance

of the exterior of the animal. The ectoderm lining the

stomatodeum is much folded, and its cells form a spongy

mass. The mesoglea is dense and thin, sending out pointed

projections into the ectoderm. The mesoglcea of the tentacles

is also very thin and, in longitudinal sections, is seen as a

uniform layer reaching the base of the tentacle without giving

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xii. 28

386 Miss O. M. Rees on Actinostola ecallosa.

off any muscle-folds. The ectoderm of the tentacle is very

thick and uniform, with very numerous nematocysts and with a

definite nerve-layer lining its inner surface. The nerve-layer

is clear and wide around the tip, becoming narrower near the

base. The endoderm is very thin, and here also are numerous

nematocysts. The ectoderm of the oral disk shows a few

small nematocysts and gland-cells, and has a definite nerve-

Jayer at the base of its cells. The mesogloea is peculiar,

being divided into two layers. The upper consists of a net-

work of elongated fibres, the section having been cut parallel

to the muscle-strands. The other layer shows a series of

much denser fibres with small cavities, this being a cross-

section of the muscle. In each case the fibres are arranged

parallel to the surface of the oral disk. We thus have two

layers of muscles, running practically at right angles to one

another and parallel to the surface of the disk.

This specimen is found to possess nearly all the characters

described by McMurrich for <Actinosto/a callosa and by

Hertwig for Dysactis crassicornis. My specimen, however,

is much smaller in size than ¢ any of those previously described.

MeMurrich mentions in Actinostola callosa the beginning of

a sixth cycle of mesenteries, and also showing gonads on the

mesenteries of the filth cycle.

In the Falkland specimen the mesenteries of the fifth eycle

are still very small, and there are no traces of any mesenteries

arising to form a sixth cycle: this being probably due to the

fact that the specimen is a young one. McMurrich, in his

eeneric definition, says: “ The tentacles are short and stout,

fluted, and with their longitudinal musculature embedded

in the mesogloea.” Hertwig also, in his ‘Supplement to

Actinariz,’ says that the tentacles are fluted.

The Falkland specimen shows no fluting either in pre-

served specimen or in transverse section. On comparing

the figures of transverse sections of tentacles drawn by

Hertwig for Dysactis crassicornis and by McMurrich for

Actinosiola callosa, it is seen that Hertwig shows a definite

series of furrows, and even the mesogleea is distinctly corru-

gated; whereas in McMurrich’s figure there is only a slight

folding of the ectoderm. ‘Thus the fluting on the tentacles

is a variable character, dependent on the age and state of

contraction of the animal. There is also a difference in the

musculature of the oral disk of this Falkland specimen as

compared with that of Hertwig’s specimens. Hertwig found

no indications of the presence of two sets of muscle-fibres.

This character, however, is not of sufficient specific importance

to be of any weight in deciding the identity of the specimen.

On a new Species of Dwarf Potto. 387

The species Actinostola callosa was first established by

Verrill. Hertwig, however, in 1876, described specimens ag

Dysactis crassicornis. At first it was doubtful as to whether

Actinostola callosa was identical with Dy-actis crassicornis

or not; but in 1888 MeMurrich described a specimen as

A. callosa, and found that it possessed many important

characters described for D. erassicornis, He therefore proved

that his specimen was identical with Hertwig’s Dysact’s

crassicornts, but ultimately decided to adopt Verrill’s name

in its entirety and call it Actinostoly callosa. 'Vhis Falkland

specimen, possessing important characters common to both

MeMurrich’s Actinostola and to Hertwig’s Dysactis erassi-

cornis, proves further that these forms belong to the same

species,

(I should like to thank Mr. F. 8, Wright of this College

for his help in preparing fig. 1.)

Bibliography.

[1] Report on Actinize collected by United States Fish Commission

Steamer ¢ Albatross’ during Winter 1887-1888, By de PB.

McMorricn.

[2] Report on Scientific Results of Voyage of the ‘Challenger,’ 1873-

1876. Vol. vi. Actinaria. By R. Herrwra,

[3] Report on Scientific Results of Voyage of the ‘Challenger,’ 1873-

1876. Vol. xxvi. Supplement to Actinaria. By R. Herrwie,

ae a ea Ee

XLVI.—A new Species of Dwarf Potto.

By Oxprieity Tuomas.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Arctocebus ruficeps, sp. n.

Near A. aureus, but the body speckled grey-brown instead

of rufous.

General characters as in A, aureus, agreeing with that

species in all the points in which it differs from A. calabar-

ensis. Fur thick, close, and woolly. Head golden rufous, as

in A, aureus, though a little darker, but the body, instead of

being also uniformly rufous, is a dark grizzled greyish-

brown colour, more like some of the ordinary Pottos, Of

the wool-hairs the basal three-fourths are slaty, the ends

being brown (“ snuff-brown,” Ridgway). The longer hairs

have a subterminal band of black, their tips being white,

these giving a speckled appearance to the general colour,

28*

388 Mr. F. A. Bather on

Under surface essentially as in A. aureus, but the grey bases

of the hairs more extended, so that the general colour is

darker, and there are not even the whitish patches on the

throat and inguinal region. Limbs bright rich rufous.

Tail dark rufous, a small brown spot at the end of its

terminal hairs.

Skull essentially as in A. aureus. Nasals comparatively

short, ending posteriorly opposite the lacrymal foramina.

Upper incisors narrow and far apart, as in A. aureus, as

compared to the somewhat broader ones of A. calabarensis.

Posterior premolars without any trace of the distinct hypo-

cone present in the type of A. aureus, but with only one

specimen of each species available no opinion can be ex-

pressed as to the validity of the character.

Dimensions of the type-skull (somewhat immature) :—

Greatest length 50 mm.; condylo-basal length 47:5 ;

greatest breadth 27:2; nasals 106; interorbital breadth 5 ;

mastoid breadth 26°5 ; palatal length 20; frout of canine to

back of m* 17.

Hab. Metet, near the Nyong R., S. Cameroons.

Type. Subadult female. B.M. no. 13. 9.12.1. Ori-

ginal number 645. Collected 17th January, 1913, by

Mr. G. L. Bates.

“Caught near Metet and brought tome alive. It died on

the journey, and was skinned.”—G., L. B.

This pretty little Potto is evidently most closely allied to

A, aureus, also discovered by Mr. Bates, but differs by its

darker and grey-grizzled upper surface, the darker colour of

its belly, and (@f a permanent character) by the absence of a

hypocone on its posterior premolars.

From A. calabarensis, like A. aureus, it differs by its more

lightly built skull, its slender incisors more widely separated

mesially, its swollen teeth, and compressed lower premolars.

XLVIL.— British Fossil Crinoids. —IX. Cydonocrinus

parvulus, n. g. et sp., Yoredale Beds, Yorkshire. By F. A.

Bartuer, F.R.S.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

THE specimen which it is the object of this paper to describe

belongs to the Crinoidea Dicyclica Flexibilia, and, with all

the Palseozoic members of that Order, it falls into the Grade

Impinnata. More precisely, it is one of the Taxocrinide ;

British Fossil Crinotds. 389

but here we must pause to consider what that statement

means,

In 1900 (Lankester’s ‘Zoology, vol. iii.) I divided the

Flexibilia Impinnata into the families Ichthyoerinide, Taxo-

erinide, Dactylocrinidee, Sagenocrinide, and the doubtful

Gazacrinidw. Omitting the last-mentioned, Dr. I’. Springer

(Oct. 1906, Journ. Geol. vol. xiv. p. 516) adopts an arrange-

ment of genera based on essentially the same _ principles,

which his increased knowledge has enabled him to render

more precise and to apply with greater correctness. ‘The

chief difference of principle is the division of the genera

according as the anals are united with the adjacent rays by

direct suture or by finely plated integument (perisome).

Further, Dr. Springer attaches rather less importance to the

mode of arm-branching, and lays greater stress on the

number of primibrachs. The increase of knowledge is mainly

as regards the anal plates.

Thus, in the Family Taxocrinide Dr. Springer now includes

several g nera with heterotomous, ramuliferous arms, which

I placed in the Dactylocrinide. On the other hand, he

transfers Anisocriénus and Homalocrinus from the ‘Taxo-

erinidee, with Calpiocrinus, Lithocrinus, and Dactylocrinus

from the Dactylocrinide, to the Family Sagenocrinide,

which thus becomes a trifle unwieldy, not to say hetero-

geneous,

I am prepared to adopt the mode of union of the anal

series with the rays as a basis of classification, and therefore

avree in restricting the Taxocrinide to genera that have the

anal plates more or less separated trom the adjacent rays by

perisome. But it still seems to me convenient to exclude

from that Family the genera with heterotomous arms. I

would therefore suggest the following diagnosis :—

Family Taxocrinide.

Impinnata with anal plates forming a well-defined vertical

series more or less separated from the adjacent rays by peri-

some; with isotomous aims, which may abut but do not

interlock, and are generally divergent; with few inter-

brachials.

The genera are (a) those with a radianal, viz. :

Protaxocrinus Springer, genotype P. ovalis (Ang., s. Taxo-

crinus).

Gnorimocrinus W. & Sp., genotype G. expansus (Ang.,

s. Tuwocrinus).

Meristocrinus Springer, genotype M. lovent (W. & Bp.,

s. (rnorimocrinus).

390 My. F. A. Bather on

(b) without a radianal, viz. :

Eutaxocrinus Springer, genotype LE. afinis (J. Miller,

s. Taxocrinus).

Parichthyocrinus Springer, genotype P. nobilis (W. & Sp.,

s. Ichthyocrinus).

Tazxocrinus Phillips, genotype ?

The restriction of Taxocrinus has been brought into need-

less confusion by want of precision in previous writers,

Phillips included the species 7, egertont, T. tuberculatus,

T. macrodactylus, and T. nobilis, naming them in that order:

he did not fix on any one as the type. De Koninck &

Le Hon (1854, ‘Recherches &c.,’) Mém. Acad. Belg.

vol. xxvill, p. 120) reserved the name “ spécialement pour

les espéces gui ne possédent pas de pieces interradiales, et

dont le calice semble exclusivement composé des piéces

basales, ou de celles-ci et des premiéres pitces radiales, tels

que les 1. macrodactylus, Phill, et Z. (Cyathocrinus),

Ithenanus, ¥. Roemer.”

Thus they only mentioned one out of the original species,

aud this one—T’, macrodacty/us—has therefore some claim to

be regarded as the genotype, even though the word type was

not actually mentioned. ‘Lhe fact that T. mar odactylus does

possess an interbrachial (‘‘piéce interradiale”) scarcely

affects the question, for so do the other species, as already

pointed out by Dr. Springer (Aug. 1902, Amer. Geol. p. 90).

Unfortunately, in discussing the genus in their ‘ Revision”

(1879, Proc. Acad, Nat. Sei. Phil ladelphia, p. 268), Wachs-

muth & Springer said, ‘ The first of these [i.e. 7’ egertont]

i. Oust be considered, according to the most generally

accepted rules of naturalists, the type of the genus.” The

so-called “ first species rule” has now been given up, and in

any case its application to Tawvoertnus would not be so clear

as the statement quoted might lead one to suppose. Apart

from that, however, 1t might plausibly be maintained that

this was the first definite selection of a genotype, and could

not be overridden, It was accepted by 8, A. Miller (1889,

*N. Amer. Geol. & Paleont.’), who writes “‘ 'lAXOCRINUS,

Philips... Type T. egertoni.”” Curiously enough, it is

Mr. Springer himself who appears (1906, p. 493) to suggest

overriding 16 in the words “ As 7. nobilis and TZ. macro-

dactylus have hitherto been taken as the typical for ms of the

genus ... it seems proper to retain the name for” species

agreeing with them in brachial structure. This, it is true, is

very indefinite, and one is only left to infer that Dr. Springer

British Fossil Crinotds. 391

no longer regards JZ’. egertoni as the genotype. So far as I

can judge from Phillips’s original figure, that species would

not form part of the genus as conceived by Dr. Springer,

though what would happen to it I cannot say. The original

of the figure was, with other specimens alluded to by Phillips,

in the collection of Sir Phillip Egerton, the whole of which

was purchased for the British Museum in 1882. But neither

these specimens nor the specimens mentioned by Phillips as

in the Enniskillen Collection, also purchased in the same

year, have ever been found within the walls of this museum.

However this question may ultimately be solved, it will

make no difference to the validity of the genus now to be

proposed.

CYDONOCRINUS *, gen. nov.

Diagnosis.—A Taxoerinid with IBB projecting beyond

the small stem-facet and entering the side-walls of the sub-

globular patina; with no RA; with post. B projecting so

that the rectal channel is entirely outside the radial facets ;

iBr probably minute, and, though the arms did not abut, the

perisome uniting them was scarcely visible from the exterior.

The absence of a radianal places this in the section with

Eutaxocrinus, Taxocrinus, and Parichthyocrinus. From all

of these it differs in the relatively small stem-facet and in

the large size and conspicuousness of the infrabasals. The

globular shape of the cup, constricted round the peristome,

is very different from the wide cups of Hutaxocrinus, Taxo-

crinus, and the broadly expanded Parichthyocrinus.

Genotype.— C. parvulus, sp. 0.

Holotype in the Geological Department of the British

Museum; registered HK 15478. Collected by D. M.S.

Watson, Hsq., in 1907.

Horizon.— Great Limestone,” uppermost bed of the Yore-

dale Series, Upper Dibunophyllum zorie of the Upper

Visean.

Locality— Above Manchester Pot, Nidderdale, Yorkshire.

Associated with numerous thecas of Orbitremites derbiensis,

in which the spiracles other than the anal are more hooded

over than is usual in the species, Brit. Mus., E. 16398-

Ks 16419.

Description of holotype-—Measurements of the patina:

height 6 mm. ; sagittal greatest diameter 6-4 mm. at top of

* pndov kvdavor, the quince ; the name Cydonocrinus is formed on the

ghalogy of kuvdwvduedt, quince-honey, mentioned by Dioscorides,

392 Mr. F. A. Bather on

post. B; transverse greatest diameter 5-7 mm. on basiradial

suture ; transverse diameter at level of radial facets 4°3 mm.

Stem-facet (text-fig. 3) slightly concave, with no rim ;

elliptical or subpentagonal, being elongate from |. post. radius

to r. ant. IR, and extended on the small IB, i. e. along

r post. radius; at the margin faint traces of crenellx,

approximately 15 in all; lumen minute, circular so far as

can be observed. Long diameter of facet ca. 1:6 mm.

Fig. 1. Fig. 2. Fig. 3. Fig. 4.

Cydonocrinus parvulus, the Holotype.

Fig. 1.—Posterior view.

Fig. 2.—Views from above, with the posterior basal towards the observer.

Fig. 3.—View from below, with the posterior basal away from the

observer.

Fig. 4.—View from the right side, with the probable anal structure and

proximal parts of the arms dotted in.

All the drawings by A. H. Searle, x 3 diam.

Fig. 5.

CZOTS

OVUVAY

la) lp. & rp. ral) a.

Cydonocrinus parvulus, Analysis of the cup, the plates being drawn as

accurately as their curvature permits. x 3 diam.

IBB. Greatest height ca. 1:5 mm.; height from basal

plane ca. 1 mm.; plates slightly tumid and sutures distinct

where not weathered,

BB. Height of r. ant. (pentagonal) 3°2 mm. ; of 1. ant.

(hexagonal) 3°5 mm.; of post. (heptagonal) 4°5 mm.

Width of normal BB, greatest above, ca. 3°3 mm.; of

British Fossil Crinoids. 393

post. B, 4mm. Post. B rises above the level of the other

BB, and continues the outward slope of the cup ; its upper

margin, seen from the side or the back, is approximately

straight, but seen from above is boldly curved outwards.

RR. All wider below than above, bending inwards so as

to give the cup its truncate globular shape. The facets do

not occupy the full width of the radials, and the shoulders of

the radials bend inwards between them, curving round the

facets. ‘This feature is more marked in the r. and L. post. RR,

especially in the latter, where the radial rises up towards the

facet more prominently than in the other rays. These two

posterior radials thus bend inwards round the rectal channel,

and approach within *5 mm. of one another at the shoulders ;

their facets, however, are *9 mm. apart.

Width Width Width of Height to

below. above. facet. top of facet.

mm. mm. mn, mm.

Ante itis. 1S ca. 2°2 ca, 1°8 3

IS postvhuieed tf “3 2°1 16 oo

The measurement “ width above” is taken as near as may

be at the widest part of the facet; thence the sides of the

radials converge towards the oral pole. ‘The inward bend of

the radials cannot be properly represented in the analysis

(text-fig. 5).

The outline of the facets is shown in text-fig.2; they are

wider than deep. Their joint-face lies, as a rule, at right

angles to the long axis of the cup, but in the posterior

radials, especially |. post. R, it slopes outwards a little, and

this is why the facets are more clearly seen in text-fig. 1

than in text-fig. 4.

Hach facet has a V-shaped ventral groove. There are

traces of a transverse fulcral ridge in |. post. R, but in the

others the surface is too much worn for details to be made

out. The axial canal is not to be distinguished.

In text-fig. 4 an attempt is made to indicate the relations

of the proximal region of the arms. It is fairly clear that

there were no definite interbrachials, and that any finely

plated perisome which may have connected the rays must

have been well towards the inner face.

No anal plates are preserved, but their probable relations

are indicated in text-fig. 4, on the analogy with Tuxocrinus.

A narrow vertical series of curved plates probably rested on

the curved upper margin of post. B, and their edges were

probably connected with the incurved edges of the posterior

radials, and possibly with the lower part of the posterior

394. Mr. G. J. Arrow on the Weamelcone

arms, by a finely plated perisome. None of these structures

remain, so that, looking at the patina from above (text-fig. 2),

one sees the opening of the rectal channel, of elongate pear-

shape. It is obvious that the rectum must have passed

upwards close to the curved posterior basal, and that it was

therefore well outside the radial facets and the arms. Only

the slight outward slope of the posterior radial facets remains

to remind one of those more normal Taxocrinids in which the

arms enclose the anal structures.

Affinities of Cydonocrinus.— That the species is closely

allied to Taxocrinus (whatever the precise connotation of that

name) must be admitted, and I have long thought that it

might be more prudent to leave it in that genus, especially in

the absence of evidence from the arms. But the small stem-

facet, the relatively large infrabasals, the globular shape, and

the projection of the periproct all give it so marked a cha-

racter that no one seeing the specimen would feel tempted

to call it merely Tavxocrinus. Without waiting longer for

further proof, I am induced to publish the species now under

an independent generic name, in order to mark the tendency

of its modifications towards the fossil from the supposed

Permian of Timor hitherto known as Hypocrinus piriformis.

That question is discussed in a paper now being offered for

the ‘ Proceedings’ of the Zoological Society.

XLVIII.—Notes on the Lamellicorn Coleoptera of Japan and

Descriptions of a few new Species. By G. J. Arrow.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

WHILE engaged in incorporating into the British Museum

collection the recentiy acquired Japanese Coleoptera col-

lected by Mr. George Lewis, which have been the subject of

sO many important papers, I have found it necessary to

make many rectifications in their nomenclature; while

certain species remain without names. So many are the

alterations and additions to the Pleurostict Lamellicornia

(enumerated by Mr. Lewis in 1887 and 1895) that I have

thought it desirable to compile a fresh list of that part of

the Coleoptera,

Few corrections have to be noted relating to the Laparo-

stict Lamellicornia, but the following points must be

mentioned :—

Coleoptera of Japan. 395

Trow niponensis, Lew., is T. scaber, L., which has become

distributed throughout the world.

Onthophagus lutosopictus, Fairm., from Ishigaki Shima,

has to be added to the list.

Aphodius major, Wat., is A. brachysomus, Solsky, and not

A. sorex, ¥., as formerly supposed.

A. vitellinus, Klug., must be added to the list. It was

taken by Mr. Lewis at Hakodate, Sapporo, and Lake

Junsal.

A, orientalis, Har., was found at Chiuzenji.

The specimen without precise locality, which Mr. Water-

house described as A. ovalis, is identical with the specimen

recognized by him a few pages earlier as the female of

A. nigerrimus. The two forms were found together at

Nagasaki.

Aphodius 4-punctatus, Panz., is a variety of the European

A. sordidus, I.

The Lucanid genus Nigidius has been added to the list,

M. Boileau having described a species, N. lewisi. Mr. J. E.

A. Lewis has sent me this insect from Oshima Island.

The following are the Pleurostict Lamellicornia so far as

at present known, 109 in number, as against 83 formerly

catalogued by Mr. Lewis in his two lists of 1887 and

1895 :—

MELOLONTHIN2.

Hoplia obducta, Mots.

variolosa, Wat.

H. gracilipes, Lew.

H. maculata, Bates.

H. communis, Jat.

H. reini, Heyd.

Hl. merens, Wat.

Sericania mimica, Lev.

S. lewisi, Arrow, sp. n.

Suscolineata, Lew., nee Motsch.

Gastroserica herzi, Heyd.

G. brevicornis, Lew.

G. higonia, Lew.

Paraserica grisea, Mots.

Ophthalmoserica boops, Wat.

Autoserica castanea, Arrow, sp. 0.

A. secreta, Brenske.

Aserica orientalis, Mots.

Serica similis, Lew.

. spissigrada, Brenske.

. nigrovariata, Lev.

. angulata, Lew.

S. 4-toliata, Lew.

Microserica brenskei, Rezit.

M. nipponensis, Brenske.

DMRN

Maladera orientalis, Mots.

M. japonica, Mots.

M. salebrosa, Brenske.

Apogonia amida, Lewis.

A. splendida, Wat., nec Boh.

A. major, Wat.

A. bicavata, Arrow, sp. n.

A. cupreoyiridis, Kolbe.

A. bicarinata, Lew.

A. niponica, Lew.

Brahmina niponica, Lew.

Rhizotrogus niponicus, Lew.

Lachnosterna inelegans, Lew.

L. diomphalia, Bates.

L. picea, Wat.

L. morosa, Wat.

L. castanea, Wat.

L. niponensis, Lew.

Pollaplonyx flavidus, Mois.

Heptophylla picea, Mots.

Polyphylla laticollis, Lew.

Granida albolineata, Mots.

Melolontha japonica, Burm.

Hoplosternus japonicus, Har.

H. haroldi, Moser.

M. frater, Arrow, sp. n.

Hoplosternus japonicus, Wat.

396 Mr. G. J. Arrow on the Lamellicorn

LUTELINE.

Anomala rufocuprea, Mots.

A. motschulskyi, Har.

A. pleurimargo, Revtt.

A. lueens, Ball.

. daimiana, Har.

. triangularis, Schauf.

. multistriata, Har.

. cuprea, Hope.

. Japonica, Arrow, sp. n.

. albopilosa, Hope.

. albopilosa, v. gracilis, Schauf.

. chloroderma, Arrow, sp. n.

. xanthopleura, Arrow, sp. n.

. costata, Hope.

. testaceipes, Mots.

A holosericea, F.

A. sieversi, Heyd.

A. 8-costata, Burm.

A. pubicollis, Wat.

A. orientalis, Wat.

A. irregularis, Wat.

Serre

Pepe

. diversa, Wat.

2 maculicollis, Reitt.

. intermixta, Arrow, sp. n.

rregularis, var., Lewis.

. couspurcata, Har.

Mimela splendens, Gill.

lathami, Hope.

gaschkewitschi, Mots.

M. flavilabris, Wat.

M. difficilis, Wat.

Popillia japonica, Newm.

P. insularis, Lew.

P. lewisi, Arrow.

Adoretus tenuimaculatus, Wat.

DyYNASTINZ.

Xylotrupes dichotomus, L.

Eophileurus chinensis, Fald.

CErTONIINE.

Torynorrhina japonica, Hope.

T. unicolor, Mots.

T. polita, Wat.

Protetia insperata, Lew.

P. brevitarsis, Lew.

P. cataphracta, Arrow, sp. n.

Cetonia submarmorea, Wat.,

nec Burm.

P. lenzi, Har.

P. orientalis, G. § P.

Cet. erata, Er.

Cet. submarmorea, Burm.

P. ishigakia, Fadrm.

P. lewisi, Jans.

P. pryeri, Jans.

P. oschimana, Nonfr.

P. hondana, Arrow, sp. n.

Cetonia pilifer, Mots.

C. roelofsi, Har.

Oxycetonia jucunda, Fad,

O. forticula, Jans.

Glycyphana fulvistemma, Mots.

Anthracophera rusticola, Burm.

Dasyvaleus angusticollis, Wat.

Valgus angusticollis, Wat.

D. tuberculatus, Lew.

Chromovalgus fumosus, Lew.

Valqus fumosus, Lew.

C. letus, Arrow, sp. n.

Gnorimus subopacus, Mots.

G. viridiopacus, Lew.

Trichius japonicus, Jans.

T. succinctus, Pall.

T. 17-guttatus, Voll.

Gnorimus 17-guttatus, Lew.

T. donitzi, Har.

T. duplicatus, Lew.

Osmoderma opica, Lew.

MELOLONTHINE.

Reitter in his ‘ Bestimmungs-Tabellen ’ has not been able

to determine some of the Japanese species of Hoplia. I

have therefore compiled for later publication a table of the

members of this difficult group, of which others remain yet

to be described.

The differences between the sexes, which

have been almost neglected, are important, and I consider it

undesirable to add io the list of names, except in cases

where the sexual characters have been made out.

Reitter has failed to identify the Chinese Hoplia paive,

Coleoptera of Japan. 397

Woll. The male of this is his /ctinohoplia variabilis and

KE. hispidula is the female.

His FE. chrysura, “var. diabolica,” is the female of that

species.

H. maculata, Bates, is certainly not a var. of H. aureola,

Pall., the pronotum (amongst other differences) being much

more transverse.

Sericania lewisi, sp. n.

Testacea, leviter metallica, capite, pronoto (lateribus et baseos

medio exceptis), scutello suturaque elytrali fuscis, clypeo vel

testaceo vel fusco, corpore supra omnino crebre punctata, elytris

suleatis, clypeo plano, rugose punctato, sutura frontali arcuate

carinato.

Long. 8-9 mm.; lat. 45-5 mm.

Hab. Javan : Yokohama, Chiuzenji, Nikko.

Although very closely resembling the type species, S. fusco-

lineata, Motsch., from Manchuria, the Japanese species is

distinct. <A series of S. fuscolineata in the British Museum

show no marked variation, and the Japanese specimens

(except one unusually dark example) are all without the

characteristic longitudinal lines upon the elytra. They

differ also in the head, which is without the strong carina a

little before the front margin of the clypeus referred to by

Motschulsky, but has instead a carina upon the frontal

suture. In the male the fifth joint of the antenne has only

a very short lamellar prolongation.

Gastroserica herzi, Heyd.

Mr. Lewis has mentioned as a pale variety of S. higonia,

Lew., a specimen from Yuyama. It is actually a distinct

species intermediate between S. higonia and S. brevicornis,

and has been described by Heyden from Korea under the

name of Serica herzi. I have seen an example taken by

Leech at Gensan. In addition to its characteristic colora-

tion (pale clypeus, black forehead, bimaculate pronotuin, and

dark suture and sides of the elytra), it is distinguished by

the entirely obsolete front angles of the prothorax, nearly

straight posterior lateral margins, and scutellum intermediate

in length. The antenne are almost as in S. dbreviccrnis,

having three long and one short lamella to the club of the

male, but the clypeus, which is emarginate in S. brevicornis,

has a straight margin in S. herci. The three species just

mentioned belong, with others, to the genus Gastroserica

of Brenske.

398 Mr. G. J. Arrow on the Lamellicorn

Autoserica castanea, sp. n.

Oblongo-ovalis, castaneo-rufa, opalescens, clypeo lato, nitido, fortiter

punctato, antice valde reflexo, subtilissime sinuato, medio leviter

longitudinaliter carinato, fronte opaco, parce punctato et ciliato ;

pronoto sat punctato, lateribus antice leviter arcuatis, postice

fere rectis; scutello fere rugose punctato; elytris profunde

punctato-striatis, interstitiis irregulariter distincte punctatis.

Long. 9-9'°5 mm.; lat. max. 5°5-6 mm.

Hab. Javan':> Kobe (7.0, A.) Lewis; 18.96. 1912);

N. Cuina: Tientsin, Shanghai, Foochow.

This is common in Japan, where it has been taken by

Mr. G. Lewis, Lord Dormer, and others, but the localities

have not been recorded.

It is exactly like A. flammea, Brenske (Hong Kong), but

the clypeus is less rugose, the forehead more sparsely

punctured, and the elytra have more convex interstices and

less punctured strie.

Aserica orientalis, Motsch.

Two or three species occur to which Motschulsky’s vague

description equally apples, and the identification is therefore

uncertain in the absence of the type.

The names of three species of Apogonia have been recorded

since the list of 1895, two of them described by Mr. Lewis

himself, and this does not complete the Japanese species, of

which one more is added here, while others must follow when

more specimens are available.

In describing Apogonia bicarinata (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist.

(6) vol. xvii. 1896, p-. 333), Mr. Lewis characterized the front

tibia as ‘not conspicuously dentate,” but noting an excep-

tion in one “malformed” example from Oshima I. Al-

though I do not know that specimen, it appears from three

individuals from the Loochoo Is. (one of them taken by

Mr. J. E. A. Lewis at Okinawa) that the type is the really

malformed (er worn) example, and that the supposed

malformation is a characteristic of the species. ‘There are

two well-marked terminal teeth and some fine serrations at

the base. ‘The carina on the upper face is elevated near the

base, forming an obtuse angle there, and the outer edge of

the tibia is draw n inwards tows ards this angle, presenting the

appearance of a distortion.

The other species mentioned above is here named :—

Coleoptera of Japan. 399

Apogonia bicavata, sp. n.

Viridi-cuprea, parum nitida, postice sat lata; capite et pronoto

dense punctato-rugosis, illo opaco, clypeo brevissimo grosse

punctato, margine reflexo, vix sinuato, pronoti lateribus minus

dense punctatis, marginibus post medium valde curvatis, antice

rectis, reflexis, angulis anticis productis, excavatis; scutello

parce punctato; elytris grosse sat crebre punctatis, costa

suturali duabusque discoidalibus quarum interiori postice lata,

fortiter punctata; pygidio crebre et grosse punctato; tibiis

anticis fortiter bidentatis.

Long. 10 mm. ; lat. max. 6 mm.

Hab. Loocuoo Is.: Okinawa (J. HE. A. Lewis, 23rd May,

1913).

This insect has a very close relationship to A. major, Wat.,

which has the front angles of the prothorax similarly

hollowed out. It is a little smaller than A. major and less

shining, with the sides of the prothorax straighter and more

convergent in front and the front angles acuter and more

deeply holiowed. The sculpture of the upper surface is

strong and close, the clypeus very coarsely punctured, the

forehead densely and confluently, the pronotum still more

closely and deeply, but with the sides less closely punctured

and rather shining. The lateral edges are strongly rounded

behind the middle, and from there to the very acute front

angles they are nearly straight, strongly convergent, and

refiexed.

Lachnosterna inelegans, Lew.

This is treated by Messrs. Lewis and Waterhouse as the

L. parallela of Motschulsky, whose name is preoccupied by

Blanchard. Motschulsky’s insect, however, was from Shang-

hai, and it is not LZ. inelegans but a species with protuberant

pygidium very closely related to LZ. diomphalia which occurs

in that region and which has hitherto been confused with

it. The name parallela not being available, the hopeless

problem of its identity is happily not of importance ; but,

from the point of view of geographical distribution, it is

necessary to record that L. inelegans is known only from

S. Japan and Formosa. JL. diomphalia, described from

Korea, is found also at Nagasaki and in N. China (Wei-hai-

Wei), and exceedingly closely related species are found in

other parts of China.

Rhizotrogus niponicus, Lewis, belongs rather to Brahmina,

having the claws split and not toothed. They are rather

short and the inner lobe is very broad.

400 Mr. G. J. Arrow on the Lamellicorn

The species occurs also in Korea (Kang-hwo), at Shanghai,

and in Szechuen (Chin-fu-san).

Lachnosterna niponensis, Lewis, is found also in Korea

(Fusan) and N. China (Chefu).

Two closely related species, enumerated by Waterhouse as

Hoplosternus japonicus, Har. and Melolontha japonica, Burm.

respectively, were brought in numbers by Lewis. Capt. Moser

has followed Waterhouse in assigning these names to the

two species, but, recognizing the species as congeneric, has

changed Harold’s japonicus to haroldi, overlooking the fact

that Harold himself announced his insect to be the same as

Burmeister’s. No one has yet pointed out the distinguishing

features between the two species, which are so close that it

is not always an easy matter to distinguish the females.

The true H. japonicus, Burm., however, is distinguished by

the nearly black head, thorax, legs, and underside, the yellow

colour of the dorsal pubescence, which is erect and velvety

upon the pronotum, the opacity of the latter, and, in the

male, the strongly rounded and reflexed margin of the

clypeus and much produced pygidium.

The original descriptions leave little doubt of Harold’s

correctness in sinking his name as synonymous, and the

second species is therefore still nameless. It may be

called

Melolintha frater, sp. n.

Obscure castanea, omnino griseo-setosa, abdominis lateribus albo-

maculatis: corpus cylindricum, elongatum, supra densissime

punctulatum ; pronoto subnitido, lateribus valde arcuatis,

angulis posticis acutis; elytri utrius disco 3-costato; pygidio

recte et obtuse acuminato ; processu sternali brevi, acuto :

Gas clypeo transverso, excavato, margine antica integra, leviter

arcuata, clava antennali heptaphylla, longitudine 4-5-5 mm.,

tibia antica acute bidentata ; pygidio subtus plano, nitido:

2, clypeo brevi, marginis medio leviter indentato, clava antennali

brevi, hexaphylla, tibia antica 3-dentata.

Long. 24-30 mm.; lat. 12-15 mm.

Hab. S. Japan: Nara, Kioto, Kii Wada, Kobe (June,

July).

It is rather more solid and robust than M. japonica, more

uniformly reddish in colour, and with the pubescence less

yellow. ‘The pronotum is nee more shining and its hairy

clothing has not the velvety nature due to its erect arrange-

ment in M. japonica. The hind angles are rather less acute,

Coleoptera of Japan. 401

and the slight sinuation noticed hy Harold in describing

M. japonica is absent. The male has the clypeus less

rounded than in that species, and the female has the last

abdominal segment straight and not emarginate posteriorly.

It is very like AZ. ¢neana, Mots., from N. China and Korea,

but is rather larger, less shining, with the pygidium more

poiited, the clypeus not truncate, and the mesosternal process

shorter.

The species with a distinctly produced sternal process are

at present separated as Hoplosternus, but I am not able to

recognize that genus. The sternal process is very inconstant,

and, if accepted as a generic character, would lead to the

two sexes of Alelolontha guttigera, Sharp, being placed one

in Melolontha and the other in Hoplosternus.

Rorerinz.

I am unable to find any characters sufficient for the

retention of Anomala, Euchlora, and Phyllopertha as separate

genera, and, omitting A. flavilabris, Wat., and difficilis, Wat.,

which are better placed in the genus Mimela, I regard the

seventeen Japanese species enumerated by Mr. Lewis under

these various names as belonging to -Anomala, and that

number must be considerably increased.

The Japanese insect called A. mongolica, Fald., although

closely related to it, is distinguishable, being equally closely

related to A. cuprea, Hope. It may be called

Anomala japonica, sp. n.

Supra saturate viridis, submetallica, subtus cum pedibus rufo-

cuprea, corpore supra omnino densissime punctato, clypeo

transverso subarcuato, pronoti basi haud marginato; elytra

linea punctata juxta-suturali aliisque vix perspicuis impressis,

postice modice late membranaceis; pygidio crebre et minute

granoso-rugoso, basi parce piloso, pectoris abdominisque Jateribus

albido-hirsutis, pedum 4 anteriorum ungue majori fisso :

3, tibiz antice dente supero obsoleto:

2, tibia antica bidentata, dente apicali sat longo.

Long. 19-25 mm.; lat. max. 10-14 mm.

Hab. 8. Javan: Niigata; Korea: Kang-hwo (Miss

Scarlett).

This is larger on the average than A. mongolica, less

shining, and more finely, densely, and uniformly punctured

above, and the pygidium is less hairy. It is very closely

allied to A. cuprea, but differs, besides its green and scarcely

metallic upper surface, in being more strongly and densely

Ann, & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol, xii. 20

402 Mr. G. J. Arrow on the Lamellicorn

punctured above. A slightly shining coppery-green variety

(var. borealis, m.) occurs in Hakodate, which is still nearer

to A. cuprea, so that the interval between A. mongolica and

A, cuprea is completely bridged and their separation as

Anomala and Euchlora respectively becomes impossible.

The difference in the front claws of the male referred to by

Mr. Lewis does not exist here.

Belonging to the same group and closely related to the

last are A. albopilosa, Hope, and gracilis, Schauf. The

latter is considered by its author to be a variety of A. albo-

pilosa, but by Mr. Lewis to be a distinct species. In my

opinion the difference between species and varieties becomes

in these insects one of individual taste. Hitherto undistin-

guished from A. albopilosa, but really belonging to another

group, in spite of the close external resemblance, are the

two species which follow :—

Anomala xanthopleura, sp. n.

Supra viridis, pronoti et elytrorum marginibus flavis, pygidio

metallico, antice viridi, postice flavescenti, corpore subtus roseo-

flavo, tibiis tarsisque cupreis, corpore supra subnitido, dense

penctato, clypeo truncato, rugoso ; elytris lineis longitudinalibus

punctatis subsuturalibus et medianis (harum circum 5) distincte

impressis, marginibus externis reflexis, postice dilatatis et sub-

angulatim abbreviatis, subtus castaneis, sat late membranaceis ;

pygidio dense rugoso, fere opaco, vix piloso; corporis subtus

lateribus punctatis, modice griseo-pilosis; tibia antica bidentata,

pedum anticorum et intermediorum ungue majori fisso :

g, tibie antics apice subacuto, ungue majori antico fere ad apicem

minute angulatim dilatato :

2 , tibiee antice apice longe lobato.

Long. 19-22 mm.; lat. max. 11-12 mm.

Hab. Loo Cuoo Is.: Okinawa I. (J. E. A. Lewis, May

1913).

This has the colour, size, and general appearance of

A. albopilosa, Hope, but im the peculiar dilated elytra and

eedeagus of the male it is quite different, and is evidently

closely related to A. expansa and truncata, Bates. It is

smaller than either, strongly and densely punctured above,

and rather more shining than A. truncata, but less so than

A. expansa and markedly distinct also by the pale-coloured

lower surface and femora. The edeagus of the male has the

paramera produced upon the centre line into a pair of short

overlapping lobes.

Coleoptera of Japan. 403

Anomala chloroderma, sp. n.

Supra viridis, pronoti et pygidii lateribus flavis ; corpore subtus

roseo-flavo, tibiis tarsisque cupreis ; corpore supra dense pune-

tato, clypeo brevi, subquadrato, rugoso; elytris lineis longi-

tudinalibus punctatis subsuturalibus et medianis (harum circum 5)

sat distincte impressis, extus haud late marginatis, marginibus

Viridibus, paullo reflexis, postice haud abrupte abbreviatis;

pygidio viridi-metallico, rugoso, longe griseo-piloso ;_ corporis

subtus lateribus punctatis, modice griseo-pilosis ; tibia antica

bidentata, pedum anticorum et intermediorum ungue majori

fisso :

d , tibize antice apice subacuto, ungue majori antico fere ad apicem

minute dilatato :

2, tibiz antice apice obtuse lobato.

Long. 23-26 mm. ; lat. max. 13-14 mm.

Hab. Osurma I.: Naje (Ferrié, 1895).

It is closely related to A. xanthopleura, but a little larger

and more finely punctured above, with distinct but narrower

lateral margins to the elytra. The margins are not

differently coloured to the rest of the elytra and do not end

abruptly behind. The edeagus of the male has its paramera

produced into long finger-like processes on the median line

and rather sharply angulated externally.

These two species are most clearly allied to A. expansa

and truncata, Bates, with which they form a group peculiar

to this region and remarkable for the strange development

of the outer margins of the elytra.

Several species were united by Messrs. Waterhouse and

Lewis under the name of A. rufocuprea, Mots. They have

been distinguished by Reitter in his * Bestimmungs-Tabellen,’

It will be useful to give the localities :—

A. rufocuprea, Mots. ... Hakodate, Yokohama (Swinhoe),

‘Ta-lien-hwan.

A. motschulskyi, Har. ... Mt. Simbara (P. A. Holst).

4. JUCENS, Sea Hakodate, Yezo, Nikko, Nio-

hosan,

A. pleurimargo, Reitt.... Nagasaki, Yama-guchi (Hiller).

Anomala (Phyllopertha) intermizta, sp. n.

Obscure cuprea, capite, pronoto scutelloque aureo- vel igneo-viridibus,

elytris nigris vel fuscis: corpus modice elongatum, depressum,

sat sparse griseo-pilosum, capite grosse granuloso, vertice fortiter

punctato, clypeo lato, antice recto vel levissime emarginato ;

pronoto brevi nitido, fortiter haud dense punctato, angulis

posticis paulo acuminatis; elytris ruguloso-punctatis, crebré

404 Mr. G. J. Arrow on the Lamellicorn

striatis, lateribus antice paulo explanatis ; pygidio rugoso, longe

setoso :

dg, pedis antici ungue majori lato, dentibus 2 tibialibus brevibus,

acutis :

9, elypeo antice, pronoti marginibus lateralibus suturaque plerum-

que rufis, elytrorum lateribus magis explanatis, tibiae antice

dentibus 2 obtusis :

Var. elytris testaceis.

Long. 9-11°5 mm. ; lat. 45-6 mm.

Hab. Nikko, Sapporo, Chiuzenji.

This species was referred to the familiar Phyllopertha

horticola, L., by Waterhouse, but treated by Lewis as a

variety of P. irregularis, Wat. It is readily distinguishable

from the latter by the coarser sculpture, non-metallic elytra,

straight cly peus, &c., but is very closely related to P. horticola.

It differs, however, in its broader form and less hairy body,

and especially by the shorter, more transverse, and more

strongly and distinctly punctured pronotum, which is

usually of a golden or fiery-green colour. The clypeal

margin is straight in front or feebly concave. The last

joint of the maxillary palpus is very large and hatchet-

shaped.

I have recently described a new species of Popillia

(P. lewisi), from Okinawa I., in a paper dealing with the

genus Popillia (Aun. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) vol, xu, 19lo,

p. 40).

Crronrina.

Protetia hondana, sp. 0.

Rufo-cuprea, prothorace, elytris pygidioque sat late viridibus,

opacis, tenuiter albo-signatis : corpus elongatum, clypeo bilobato,

lobis rotundatis, capite crebre punctato; pronoto quam longi-

tudinem parum latiore, subplano, fere equaliter bene punctato,

linea mediana levi, lateribus fere rectis, basi leviter trisinuato,

linea alba laterali punctisque pluribus discoidalibus ; scutello sat

angusto; elytris extus modice punctatis, lateraliter fortiter

sinuatis, apice haud angulatis, cum pygidio tenuiter albo-signatis,

hoc subtiliter transverse strigato; corporis subtus lateribus

fortiter strigoso-punctatis, haud dense flavo-pilosis, medio toto

polito.

Long. 23 mm.; lat. max. 12 mm.

Hab. Kobe (July, 1913), Tanegashima (May, 1913),

Hiroshima (Janson Coll.).

This is the only known Japanese Protetia in which the

upper surface is covered with opaque bloom, as in the much

Coleoptera of Japan. 405

smaller Cetonia pilifer and relofsi. It.is a narrow-bodied

iusect, with the upper surface rather bright green and the

head, legs, and lower surface fiery-copper coloured, and

marked with fine white dots and lines upon the pronotum,

elytra, and pygidium almost exactly as in P. lenzi. The

clypeus is divided into two rounded lobes, with only slightly

reflexed margins; the sides of the prothorax are very gently

aud regularly curved and the base narrowly and not deeply

excised before the scutellum and very feebly on each side.

The sides of the elytra are strongly excised behind the

shoulders and the apical angles are not sharp. The sternal

process is small and very little produced.

Two specimens have been taken by Mr. J. E. A. Lewis.

The type in the British Museum is a male from Kobe;

the specimen from Tanegashima is a monstrosity, with a split

pronotum,

The beetle attributed by Messrs. Waterhouse and Lewis

to Protetia submarmorea, Burm., is certainly not that

species, and Reitter is probably correct in believing the

latter to be synonymous with P. @rata, Er. That species (as

mentioned by Burmeister) has the form of P. marmorata,

F., the scutellum very short and blunt, and the elytra punc-

tured in the scutellar region, none of which features apply

to the present species. For it I propose the name

Protetia cataphracta, sp. n.

Toto rufo-cuprea, elongata, angusta, nitida, clypeo fere recte trun-

cato, margine reflexo, medio vix indentato, capite sat fortiter

punctato ; pronoto angusto, medio late fere levi, lateribus intus

fortiter punctatis, extus crebre strigosis, marginibus externis

medio subangulatis, angulis posticis haud rotundatis, basi medio

profunde exciso; scutello levi, apice haud valde obtuso ; elytris

longis, extus sat crebre haud profunde strigosis, postice tenuiter

transverse albido-maculatis, apicibus haud spinosis; pygidio

dense transversim strigoso; pectore aureo-hirto, metasterni

lateribus coxisque posticis fortiter strigosis, hic extus acute

spinosis :

3g, abdomine profunde longitudinaliter suleato :

2, pygidio Eg oblique i impresso.

Long. 22-24 mm.; lat. max. 12-13 mm.

Hab, N. Javan: Nikko, L. Junsai, Fusai, Usui Pass.

Amongst a dozen specimens there is only a single male.

The elongate form, coppery-red colour, and shining upper

surface, strongly and cuarsely striolated at the sides of the

406 Mr. G. J. Arrow on the Lamellicorn

pronotum and elytra, are sufficient to distinguish this species.

It closely resembles P. insperata, Lewis, which is more brassy

in colour and has only feebly punctured, not striolated,

elytra. The abdomen in the male of the latter is not deeply

channelled beneath, and sometimes only curved. Reitter, in

his ¢ Bestimmungs-Tabellen, has probably taken the new

species for P. insperata, or combined the two. On account

of the ventral groove, P. cataphracta belongs to the genus

Pachnotosia of Reitter (Liocola, Thoms.) ; but, even if it is

considered desirable to admit genera depending on a feature

peculiar to one sex (which I must dispute), the distinction

fails in P. insperata, different individuals of which might be

referfed to different genera. Putting aside the species most

closely related to Cetonia aurata, which have a vertical meso-

sternal process, no adequate basis for the further subdivision

of the ancient genus Cefonia seems to me to have been

discovered, and | prefer to use the name Profetia for the

remaining species.

Five or six species very closely allied to P. cataphracta

occur in Japan, and equally closely related forms occur in

China and Formosa. The nomenclature of these has become

greatly confused, and I think the following table of the

species of the group will be serviceable. Two allied species

from Formosa have been named respectively by Capt. Moser

Liocola formosana and Calopotosia formosana. As these can,

at the most, only be subgenerically separated, I have

changed ‘the specific name of the second to inquinata. It is

distinguished (perhaps in the male alone) by a peculiar

S-shaped spur at the end of the hind tibia.

Key to Protetia orientalis Group.

Clypeus not distinctly bilobed.

Klytra feebly sculptured, pygidium very

finely.

Elytral marks diffuse ........ viniets feniare, -eRarmongta isk

Elytral marks well defined.

Large, bronzy; sides of pronotum sub-

TUT ORO" ea mute eievee tee te eeteuite i ee insperata, Lew.

Small, green; sides of pronotum simply

punctured 4. ~cwwe ee FAS 40 yy davidiana, Fairm.

Hlytra strongly sculptured.

Pronotum not deeply excised before scu-

tellum. ,

Green; pygidium coarsely strigose .... speculifera, Swartz.

Bronzy ; pygidium very finely strigose . formosana, Moser,

Pronotum deeply excised before scutellum,

Not very elongate; pronotum broad at

base, with rounded sides.

Sides of elytra densely striolated .... brevitarsis, Lew.

Coleoptera of Japan. 407

Sides of elytra not densely striolated.

Pygidium not very finely striolated. fairmaire?, Ky,

Pygidium very finely striolated..., thibetana, Kr.

Elongate; pronotum narrow, with the

sides angulated ........ceeeeues cataphracta, Arr,

Clypeus distinctly bilobed.

Clypeal lobes rounded.

Very smooth and shining ; pronotum little

punctured,..... Arico Gate even ss inquinata, nom. noy.

Not smooth and shining; pronotum

strongly punctured.

Pronotum narrow, feebly excised, middle

Hime Clowated ates oat 6 peo, erie lenzi, Tar.

Pronotum not narrow, deeply excised.

Pronotum strongly and evenly punc-

GRO gf aaa seas s Csi an Dec Ce rae ishigakta, Fairm.

Pronotum strigose at sides.......... crassa, Har, (seulensis,

Clypeal lobes dentate, [ Kolbe).

Knees of four posterior legs with hairy pads.

Pygidium flat; pronotum lightly punc-

tavEd VSS Fa2s, eee APA f2. marginicollis, Ball.

Pygidium elevated; pronotum strongly ee PY

PUBSLULCd I). Taso. teak > see. rata, Er. (? orientalis,

Knees of posterior legs not padded ..,... famelica, Jans.

Glycyphana jucunda, Fald., and forticula, Jans.—These

two closely allied species belong to the genus Oxycetonia.

Three Japanese species have been placed in the genus

Valgus, which has since been restricted by Prof. Kolbe to

two or three inhabitants of the temperate zone in which the

female has a long caudal spme. Of the three, V. angusti-

collis, Wat., and tuberculatus, Lewis, belong to the genus

Dasyvalgus, the former resembling D. penicillatus, Bl., while

the latter is related to D. ovicollis, Arr.

V. fumosus, Lewis, also belongs to the group Dasyvalgine,

but is generically different from the other two species. It

agrees in the main with Spilova/gus, Kolbe, but differs by

the sharply spinose propygidial spiracle, the slender tarsi,

and thoracic caring converging instead of diverging behind.

These features are still more strongly marked in- a new

species to be described. The slender tarsi and the form of

the front tibia of the latter would justify its location in the

genus Chromovalgus, Kolbe, but as the two species in the

sharp spiracles of the propygidium agree better with each

other than with the single species of the other two genera,

it would be quite unnatural to separate them. Chromo-

valgus and Spilovalgus differ only by very slight characters,

and rather than make yet another genus, which would be an

unsatisfactory one as combining features of the two, I

493 On the Lamellicorn Coleoptera of Japan.

propose, at least provisionally, to treat these four species as

belonging to a single genus, which must be called Chromo-

valgus.

The species are C. peyroni, Mals., modiglianit, Kolbe,

Jumosus, Lewis, and the new

Chromovalgus letus, sp. n.

Niger, squamis discoidalibus nigris et flavis sat dense vestitus,

squamis flavis pronoti in aneulis posticis minus crebre aggre-

gatis, elytrorum crebre ordinatis, vitta nigra sublaterali ab

humere fere ad apicem attingenti intus bis dilatata; abdomine

toto pectorisque lateribus crebre flavo-squamosis, metasterni

medio parce setoso; capite nitido, grosse punctato, parce setoso,

clypeo emarginato; pronoto angusto, lateribus arcuatis, antice

crenatis, postice paulo contractis, angulis posticis obtusis, disco

antice acute bicarinato, carinis postice leviter approximatis,

usque medium haud productis; scutello angusto, dense flavo-

squamoso ; propygidio et pygidio dense flavo-squamosis, illius

spiraculis acute spinosis; tibia antica lato, dentibus 1°, 3°, 5°

acutis, 2° sat acuto, 4° parum elevato, obtuso, tarsis (¢) longis

et gracilibus.

Long. 6°5 mm.; lat. 3°5 mm.

Hab. Loo Cuools.: Oshima (J. H. A. Lewis, May, 1913).

This is a gaily decorated little insect, of which the greater

part of the surface is covered with round, closely-set scales,

varying in colour from pale yellow to bright orange, but

the head is free from scales, those of the pronotum are

mixed black and yellow (the latter becoming closer in the

hind angles), and each elytron has two black patches, united

externally by a longitudinal black band which extends from

the shoulder almost to the hind margin.

In its general form it is like C. fumosus, Lewis, but it is

smaller and more brightly coloured. The tarsi are longer,

the second and fourth teeth of the front tibia are distinct

and not merely low ridges, and the spiracles of the pro-

pygidium are still longer.

The Japanese Valgini are all large forms, and it is a

remarkable feature of the Valgini ‘that, contrary to thie

general rule, the tropical species are usually small, while

those occurring further north, although less numerous, are

of the largest size.

407

THE ANNALS

MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY.

[EIGHTH SERIES.]

No. 71. NOVEMBER 1913.

XLIX.—On a small Collection of Marine Shells from

Henderson Island. By HK. A. Smita, 1.8.0.

[Plate IX.]

HENDERSON ISLAND, also known as Elizabeth Island, is

situated in the South Pacific Ocean, being an outlier of the

Paumotu group, and not very remote from Pitcairn Island.

Captain F. W. Beechey, R.N., who investigated the island

in 1825, has given some account of it in his ‘* Narrative of a

Voyage to the Pacific and Beering’s Strait in H.M.S.

‘ Blossom,’”’ 1831, vol. 1. pp.61-65. Inthe British Museum

are various specimens obtained on that voyage at the Pau-

motus, and presented by Captain Beechey, and, although no

particular island is specified, it is quite possible that some of

them were collected at Henderson Island. It was apparently

visited by Hugh Cuming during the early part of last century,

since a few species obtained by him when collecting in the

archipelago have been assigned to thisisland. Othercollectors

have since visited the Paumotus, but I have not observed

that any of them have recorded species from Henderson

Island. M. Couturier* has given an extensive list of the

shells of this region, and it includes a large proportion of

those quoted in the following catalogue, excepting the

bivalves, which he has not dealt with.

The present collection was made by Mr, J. R. Jamieson,

assisted by Mr. D. R. Tait, and these gentlemen have

* Journ. de Conch. 1907, pp. 123-178.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xii. 30

410 Mr. E. A. Smith on

kindly presented a selection of the specimens to the British

Museum.

A glance at the list at once tells us that the majority of the

species are common well-known forms, having a wide range

in the Pacific, some as far north as the Sandwich Islands,

and many of them also occurring in the Indian Ocean, and in

a few instances even in the Red Sea.

The collection apparently indicates that a rich Molluscan

fauna exists at this island. At present only the more con-

spicuous species have been collected, and doubtless many

smaller and less noticeable forms could be found by closer

and more extended research, more especially if dredging were

resorted to.

LIST OF THE SPECIES.

Acmea conoidalis, Pease.

Patella stelleeformis, Reeve.

Haliotis pulcherrima, Martyn.

Broderipia iridescens (Broderip).

Stomatella speciosa, 4. Ad.

Calliostoma roseopictum, sp. n.

Turbo petholatus, Linn.

argyrostoma, Linn.

Nerita plicata, Linn.

melanotragus, Smith.

Helicina solidula, Gray.

Littorina obesa, Sowerby.

trochoides, Gray.

Amalthea australis {Lamk.).

Cyprea arenosa, Gray.

seurra, Chemnitz.

isabella, Linn.

subteres, Weinkauff.

caput-serpentis, Linn.

poraria, Linn.

— helvola, Linn.

-—— cumingil, Gray.

—— irrorata, Solander.

goodallii, Gray.

minoridens, Melvill.

— childreni, Gray.

cicercula, Linn.

margarita, Solander,

Trivia oryza (Lamarck).

Mamilla simiz (2écluz).

Natica dillwynu, Payraudeau.

Tanthina communis, Lamarck.

Vertagus obeliscus (Bruguiére).

Cerithium tuberculiferum, Pease.

nassoide, Sowerby.

rarimaculatum, Sowerby.

Royella sinon (Bayle).

Kpitonium perplexum, Pease.

Bursa (Colubrellina) affinis (Bro-

dertp).

— (Craspedotriton)

(Broderip).

Colubraria nitidula (Sowerby).

Cassis (Casmaria) vibex (Zznn.).

Morum ponderosum (/anley).

Vanicoro plicata (Récluz).

Strombus floridus, Zamarck.

Latirus nodatus (Martyn).

Mitra pontificalis, Lamarck.

fulva, Swainson.

auriculoides, Reeve.

maculosa, feeve.

Caducifer cylindrica (Pease).

Nassa papillosa (Zinn.).

gaudiosa, Hinds.

Maculotriton bracteatus (Hinds),

var.

Tritonidea difficilis, sp. n.

rosacea, sp. n.

Pisania decollata, Sowerby.

Engina fuscolineata, sp. n.

Columbella turturina, Lamarck.

varians, Sowerby.

obtusa, Sowerby.

Thais intermedia (Kvener).

Topas sertum (Lrugwiére).

Vexilla vexillum (Chemnitz).

—— teniata (Powis).

Drupa horrida (Lamarck).

clathrata (Lamarck).

ricinus (Lin7.).

— morus (Lamarck).

tuberculata (Blarnville), var.

dealbata (Reeve).

Quoyula madreporarum (Sowerby).

Conus lividus, Hwass.

conyoluta

Marine Shells from Henderson Island. All

Conus hebraus, Zinn., and var. Arca maculata, Sowerby.

vermiculatus, Lamk. —— (Acar) domingensis, Lamarck.

—— miliaris, Hwass. (Barbatia) parva, Sowerby.

ceylonensis, Hwass, var. Pecten pallium, Linn.

nanus, Brod. coruscans, Hinds.

—— tessellatus, Born. Lima bullifera, Deshayes.

rattus, Hwass. Spondylus sp.

pennaceus, Born, var. episco- Lucina (Codakia) divergens, Phi-

pus, Lamk. lippt.

solidus, Sowerby. Libitina guinaica (Chemnitz).

— glans, Hwass, var. tenui- Tellina scobinata, Linn.

striatus, Sowerby. Aslender Semele australis (Sowerby).

form of this variety. Coreulum productum (Deshayes).

tulipa, Zinn. Tridacna crocea, Lamarck.

Bulla sp. juv. squamosa, Lamarck.

Melampus luteus (Quoy § Gat- Chama jukesii, Reeve.

mard),

NOTES ON A FEW OF THE SPECIES.

Morum ponderosum (Hanley).

Oniscia ponderosa, Hanley, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1858, p. 265, pl. xlii.

figs. 9, 10.

Oniscia exquisita, Tryon (non Adams and Reeve), Man. Conch. vol. vii.

p. 282, pl. x. fig. 22 (copy of Hanley’s fig. 10).

It is interesting to know the locality of this rare species,

the habitat being hitherto unrecorded. It is quite distinct

from the Oniscia exquisita of Adams and Reeve *, with

which it has been incorrectly united by Tryon.

Morum exquisitum was dredged in 16-20 fathoms in the

Sooloo Archipelago, which is very remote from Henderson

Island.

M. ponderosum differs from M. exquisitum in its less

elevated spire, the absence of granules on the columellar

callus (which is not of a rosy-purple colour), in the thickened

labrum being peppered with red dots on the outside, and the

liree within, which do not extend across the front of it. The

columellar side of the aperture is transversely lirate within

throughout the whole length, a feature which does not appear

to be present in the Sooloo species. ‘The apex of the spire in

the latter is red, whereas in ponderosum it is white, and the

concavity of the upper part of the whorls is finely spirally

striated, which does not appear to be the case in J. eaqui-

situm.

* Voy. ‘Samarang,’ Zoology, Mollusca, p. 35, pl. v. figs. 3a-b; Reeve,

Conch. Icon. vol. y. fig. 3.

30*

412 Mr. I. A. Smith on

Lima bullifera, Deshayes.

Lima bullifera, Deshayes, in Maillard’s Ile de la Réunion, vol. ii. p. 50,

pl. xxxi. figs. 9, 10 (1863).

This species is remarkable on account of the scales on the

coste taking the form of little hollow globules and having

the appearance of perfectly rounded solid tubercles. In the

Henderson Island worn shells these are only preserved in

one or two specimens. Deshayes was under the impression

that the species never attained to a large size, and he gives

the length as only 20mm. The largest example from Hen-

derson Island, however, is 48 mm. long. ‘The number of

costee is said to be twenty, but in the specimens under

examination there are about twenty-four to twenty-seven.

A remarkable feature in these shells, not noticed by

Deshayes, is that the elongate muscular impression within

the valves is of a yellowish colour. This, however, is more

evident in some specimens than in others, and consequently

in the smaller and possibly young shells described by

Deshayes this colouring might not have been present or even

overlooked.

At first sight this species, as remarked by its founder,

might be taken for the well-known L. squamosa, Lamk., the

Ostrea lima of Linneus.

The occurrence of L. bull’fera at such distant localities as

Réunion Island and Henderson Island is not surprising,

since the distribution of LZ. squamosa is equally remarkable,

being practically world-wide (see Lischke, Japan. Meeres-

Conch. Theil i. p. 162; Smith, ‘Challenger’ Lamelli-

branchiata, p. 287).

Broderipia iridescens (Broderip).

Scutella tridescens, Broderip, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1834, p. 48.

Broderipia tridescens, Pilsbry, Man, Conch, vol. xii. p. 46, pl. i.

figs, 5-8, pl. i. figs. 41, 42.

Hab. Grimwood’s Island, Pacifie Ocean (Broderip) ;

Marutea (=Lord Hood Island) and Vahitahi Island, Pau-

motu group (Couturier, J. de Conch. 1907, p. 172) ; Ile

Réunion (Deshayes).

I have been unable to discover any record of a Grimwood

Island, but it is probably in the South Pacific as recorded by

Pilsbry. Tle does not, however, refer it to any particular

group of islands.

The dimensions of the single specimen from Henderson

Marine Shells from Henderson Island. 413

Island far exceed those given by Broderip and other authors.

It is 10 mm. long, 6 in diameter, and 2°5 in height.

Natica dillwynii, Payraudeau.

Hab. Mediterranean, St. Helena, West Indies, Mauritius,

and South Pacific (see Smith, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1890, p. 270).

In the Henderson Island specimens the reddish-brown

articulations on the two white zones on the body-whorl are

not so distinctly arrow-head-shaped, and the markings on

the white base around the umbilicus consist of a series of

small dots instead of the conspicuous curved brown lines

which occur in Mediterranean and West-Indian specimens.

I have not seen the operculum of Mauritian or South-Pacitic

examples.

DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES.

Engina fuscolineata. (Pl. IX. fig. 1.)

Testa parva, ovato-fusiformis, alba, inter costas nodulosas fusco

lineata; anfractus normales sex planiusculi, paulo infra suturam

suleo constricti, oblique costulati, transversim striati, costulis

nodulosis, in anfractu ultimo flexuosis, basim versus minus nodu-

losis; apertura angusta, intus flavescens; labrum incrassatum,

album, denticulis circiter sex intus armatum, ad marginem fusco

notatum ; columella denticulis externis ad quinque et plicis vel

denticulis internis duobus medianis instructa, callo tenui nitente

definito induta ; canalis anterior obliquus, leyiter recuryus.

Longit. 9, diam. 4 mm.

This species is well characterized by the style of the

markings, the fine dark brown lines between the nodulous

coste being very striking. The oblique coste on the upper

whorls have three or four tubercles on each, these being

caused by transverse fine sulci or impressed lines cutting

across the ribs. The body-whorl is somewhat contracted

below the middle and has about ten nodules on the ribs.

The anterior end is crossed by three or four conspicuous

grooves, and the ridges between them are scarcely affected

by the longitudinal coste, and consequently appear almost

non-nodulous. On the labrum the most posterior tubercle

is somewhat distant from the next, so that a slight sinus is

formed. ‘The uppermost or hindmost denticle on -the colu-

mella is a little within and near the hindmost one on the

labrum. ‘The four other denticles upon the outer edge corre-

spond to the terminations of the oblique ridges upon the

lower portion of the whorl. ‘he two internal denticles are

414 On Marine Shells from Henderson Islana.

almost like folds, such as occur in the genus Mitra, and the

lower one is formed by the edge of the columella bordering

the canal.

Tritonidea difficilis. (Pl. IX. fig. 2.)

Testa elongata, pallide lilacea, hic illic fusco maculata; anfractus

8?, convexiusculi, longitudinaliter costati et spiraliter lirati,

liris supra costas leviter tuberculiformibus, inter liras spiraliter

striati, lineis incrementi tenuibus inter costas sculpti; anfr.

penultimus et ultimus costis circiter 16 instructi; in anfract.

superioribus coste sensim rariores; ultimus in medio convexi-

usculus, infra contractus, liris spiralibus ad 16, quam costis

gracilioribus, ornatus ; coste infra medium sensim evanescentes ;

apertura brevis, longitudinis totius 3 paulo superans; labrum

extra late incrassatum, quasi varicosum, intus liris circiter un-

decim intrantibus, ad marginem denticulatum; columella supra

arcuata, denticulo prope labrum munita, prope medium incisuram

unicam monstrans, callo definito tuberculis 5—6 instructo amicta ;

canalis anterior brevis, obliquus.

Longit. 19, lat. 8 mm.; apertura 6°5 longa, 2°5 lata.

I have only seen one specimen of this species, which does

not appear to approach very closely any of the known forms.

The purple apex being worn, the number of whorls is rather

uncertain, but probably i is about eight. The broad thickening

of the labrum has a large brown blotch above the middle and

a smaller one below, and the spire is blotched at intervals

with the same colour. The notch on the columella is only

slight, but is probably a constant feature.

This and the following species are placed in the genus

Tritonidea for want of a better location, since this group and

Cantharus require urgent revision.

Tritonidea rosacea. (Pl. IX. fig. 3.)

Testa parva, fusiformi-ovata, pallide rosacea; anfractus 6?, con-

vexiusculi, costis septem crassis, albidis, rotundatis instructi,

liris spiralibus alternatim majoribus (in anfractu penultimo 8-9,

in ultimo circiter 18) cincti, inter liras tenuissime spiraliter striati ;

cost in anfr. ultimo ad basim continue, pauce antice conspicue

nodules ; apertura parva, ringens; labrum incrassatum, denti-

bus validis quatuor intus armatum; columella in medio intus

incisa, callo definito induta, supra marginem externum tuberculis

quatuor munita; canalis anterior brevis, obliquus.

Longit. circiter 13, diam. 6°5 mm.; apertura intus 5 longa, 2 lata.

Characterized by its rosy colour, strong coste, and dentate

aperture. ‘There is a slight sinus above the posterior denticle

On the Parasitic Copepod Thersitina gasterostei. 415

on the labrum, which is larger than the three others. The

denticles on the inner lip correspond to the terminations of

spirals around the lower part of the whorl. The notch on

the inner edge of the columella is smooth and situated oppo-

site the second denticie from the anterior end.

Calliostoma roseopictum. (Pl. IX. fig. 4.)

Testa parva, conica, anguste umbilicata, maculis roseis et albis picta,

superne virescens et pallide cornea, ad basim lineis tribus con-

centricis roseis aliisque radiantibus ornata; anfractus sex,

superiores tres convexiusculi, leves, dilute carnei, duo sequentes

plani, subvirides, roseo plus minus picti, ultimus ad peripheriam

rotunde angulatus, roseo alboque articulatus ; ultimus et penulti-

mus spiraliter regulariter striati, striis vel sulcis sex angustis-

simis, quam interstitiis longe angustioribus ; basis infra angulum

convexiuscula, versus umbilicum angustum album magis tenuiter

concentrice striata; columella oblique arcuata; labrum intus

incrassatum, album; apertura intus margaritacea, obsolete

sulcata.

Alt. 4:3, diam. 3 mm.

The specimen here described, although very small, appears

to be adult, since the outer lip is thickened within. The

thread-like sulci upon the spire and the three upon the base

are coloured, and contrast clearly with the ground-colour of

the shell. The former are brownish and the latter more

rosaceous.

The spotted lira at the periphery passes up the spire,

forming a distinct margination beneath the suture.

This species is evidently closely allied to C. marmoreum,

Pease, from the Paumotus, and may eventually prove to be a

small, less elongate, and differently coloured variety of it.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE IX.

Fig. 1. Engina fuscolineata, sp. n.

Fig. 2. Tritonidea difficilis, sp. u.

Fig. 5. rosacea, Sp. N.

Fig. 4. Calliostoma roseopictum, sp, n.

L.—Some Notes on the Parasitic Copepod Thersitina

gasterostel, Pagenstecher. By RoBert GuRNEY, M.A.

[Plates X.—XIII. ]

Tue family Ergasilide, to which Thersitina belongs, has

recently been most ably monographed by Wilson *, so far,

* C, B. Wilson, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus, xxxix. 1911, pp. 263-400,

416 Mr. R. Gurney on the

at all events, as concerns the North-American species ; but

it appears that the genus Thersitina, which he was unable

personally to examine, is still involved in some obscurity,

owing to conflicting statements as to the structure of the

single species, Z’. gasterostez. As I have had the oppor-

tunity of obtaining abundant material of this species, it

seems worth while to give some account of its structure and

life-history.

Occurrence.

Thersitina gasterostei is found in abundance under the gill-

opercula of sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) in the ditches

containing somewhat brackish water in the neighbourhood of

Yarmouth, but I have never found it in quite fresh water.

It seems to show a decided preference for the three-spined

stickleback (G'. aculeatus), so that, in a ditch in which every

specimen of that species is infested, many specimens of the

ten-spined stickleback (G. pungitius), though the commoner

of the two, may have no parasites at all, and it never has so

many as the other species. On G. aculeatus I have found as

many as forty specimens of T’hersitina under one operculum,

and it is not uncommon to find one operculum smothered

with the parasites while the other is nearly free from them.

The parasite is found under the posterior part of the gill-

operculum, clasping the mucus which covers the skin, but

not apparently fixed to the skin itself. When specially

numerous, specimens may be found attached to the mucus of

the gills themselves, and I have even found them clinging to

the pectoral and dorsal fins and to the tail.

Breeding Periods.

Towards the end of October the adult females found are

without ege-sacs and usually the ovary is also empty; but a

large number are immature, not having reached the swollen

condition of the adult. It seems probable that the adults do

not survive the winter, and it is very noticeable that the

number of adults found decreases from August onwards. IL

believe that the last generation of young, hatched about the

beginning of October, fix themselves towards the end of the

month, and pass the winter and early spring in a more or less

dormant condition. All the evidence points in this genus, as

in Lrgasilus, to the conclusion that the female is fertilized

once and for all during the free-swimming stage. I have

never once found a male beneath the operculum of the host,

but I have seen spermatophores attached to a free-swimming

Parasitic Copepod Thersitina gasterostei. 417

female. The large size of the receptaculum seminis also

seems to confirm this conclusion. No males are to be found

at the time when reproduction first becomes active in the

spring, so that the spermatozoa must remain alive within the

female for about five months.

I have no observations for November or December, but in

January neither larve nor egg-bearing females are to be

found. Reproduction first becomes active about the beginning

of March, and continues throughout the summer. There

seems to be a distinct periodicity, indicating, as I believe, a

series of five generations within the year, though, of course,

these generations will to some extent overlap and obscure

one another. I suppose that a mature female lays two, or

perhaps three, lots of eggs, and then dies and gives place to

the new generation. ‘he general course of events is, I

think, as follows :—

January.—Period of rest. No eggs. No larve.

March.—Reproductive period begins. WNauplii to be found,

but no later Jarvee.

April.—Larvze mature, and fix themselves towards end of

month.

May.— Disappearance of the winter generation? Hgg-laying

of new (first) generation hatched in April.

June.—Fixing and maturing of adults continue and some

begin to hatch eggs.

July.—No observations, but probably the second generation

hatched in June breed and their larve mature.

August.—Third generation fix and produce young, so that at

end of month the fourth generation is nearly ready to

fix.

September.—No observations. Probably fixing and ripening

of fourth generation.

October.—Fourth generation still living, but ceasing to breed.

Fifth generation fixing and beginning to mature.

November and December.—No observations. Probably a

resting period, without production of eggs,

Structure of the Adult.

The general form of the adult female has already been

adequately described *, but no account of the male has, so

far as I am aware, been given. The male described and

* Scott, Eighteenth Ann, Rep. Fishery Board for Scotland, part iii.

1900, p. 146,

418 Mr. R. Gurney on the

figured by Kroyer is an adult female in the free-swimming

Stage.

The male (Pl. XII. fig. a and Pl. XIII. fig. f) closely

resembles the free-swimming female, but is readily distin-

euished from it by the possession of the large sickle-shaped

maxillipedes and the form of the abdomen, the genital segment

generally having a refringent appearance, owing to the con~

tained spermatophores. The body is also somewhat more

slender and the abdomen longer. The first thoracic segment

is fused with the head, but the succeeding four segments

are all distinct. The abdomen consists of five segments, the

genital segment being as long as the remaining four together

and bearing a seta on either side at its posterior angles. The

fourth segment has a ventral ring of cilia. The furcal rami

are, as in the female, short and conical, bearing a very long

seta and three short subequal ones with a very characteristic

arrangement (Pl. XIII. fig. /). In the free-swimming

female the abdomen consists of four segments only, and the

openings of the oviducts on the dorsal surface are very

conspicuous. The appendages of the male do not differ from

those of the female, with the exception of the presence of the

maxillipede.

The Appendages.

First pair of antenne.—Unlike Ergasilus, the first antenna

of Thersitina consists of five distinct joints, of which the

proportional length is, on an average, as follows :—

JoMnits).caeaee Bosh aete Ais id Dy ay AE ls

Tjenpth fshereie cnlenien ts 163% ASCE bs

The joints bear numerous very transparent sete, one of which,

on the posterior face of the third joint, is conspicuously long.

Second pair of antenne.—These are strong prehensile

appendages composed of four joints, the last joint being in

the form of a strong claw with a stout accessory claw at its

base. In the male the whole appendage is more slender

than in the female and the accessory claw is very small.

Mouth-parts—The mouth-parts are exceedingly difficult

to follow out even in the larva, owing to their minuteness

and crowded position, and there seems to be no adequate

published account of them. I have found it best to boil the

adult female in caustic potash before examination, since it

is then comparatively easy to see the appendages in their

natural positions. ‘There are then visible three pairs of

Parasitic Copepod Thersitina gasterostei. 419

appendages—mandibles, first maxilla, and second maxilla

(Pl. XI. fig. ¢),—but in the male a pair of maxillipedes are

also present (PI. XI. fig. a). The mandibles are strong

wedge-shaped organs with a toothed cutting-plate and an

accessory toothed lobe running upwards into the mouth.

This lobe is overhung by the free edge of the labrum, which

is a delicate plate largely fused with the cuticle of the head.

The first maxillee are very rudimentary, and consist of a

pair of minute knobs bearing three short spines (PI. XI.

tig. d),

The second maxille consist of a large basal part, divisible

into two joints, and a distal curved joint with a toothed end

(Pl. XI. fig. e). This distal joint is very freely movable,

and can generally be seen in active movement when the

living animal is examined.

The maxillipedes appear first in the last larval stage of the

male as a pair of simple knobs, and are fully developed at

the next moult. In the adult male the maxillipede is three-

jointed, the first joint fused with the head, but the other two

freely movable. The second joint is broad and armed with a

row of small spines, and the distal joint is a long curved

clasping rod, sometimes showing an apparent division at the

base into two joints.

According to Dr. Scott, the mouth-parts consist of man-

dibles, maxille, and two pairs of “‘ maxillipedes” ; and in his

more recent account* he appears to confirm his original

description.

I have examined a number of specimens, and have in no

case found more than three pairs of appendages in the female,

so that it is clear that these appendages do not differ in

number or position from those of Hrgasilus. Wilson (1911,

p- 283) has given reasons, with which I fully agree, why the

two pairs succeeding the mandibles should be designated as

maxillz and the pair following them in the male as maxilli-

pedes or thoracic appendages. A full discussion of the

mouth-parts of Uhersitina and Ergasilus will be found in

Wilson’s paper.

The swimming-legs.—The first three pairs of legs have both

rami three-jointed and of approximately the same length.

The two basal joints are very broad and the legs of each pair

are united by a strong chitinous bar attached at its ends to

the first basal joint. The second joint bears a seta on its

outer face and two rows of small spines on its inner edge.

* ‘British Parasitic Copepoda’ (Ray Society, 1913), p. 42.

420 Mr. R. Gurney on the

The outer edge of the joints of the inner ramus is fringed

with a row of delicate spines. The numbers of sete borne

by the different joints are shown in the following table :—

Joints.

TED | IER TRIO WS Tee Rah Je IO |) leat. || IRS. IT

The fourth pair have the outer ramus two-jointed and

shorter than the three-jointed inner ramus.

The fifth pair of legs are simply small knobs bearing a

single terminal seta.

Wilson states (1911, p. 271) that in males and immature

females of the Ergasilide a pair of rudimentary legs are to

be found on the genital segment, but I have not found any

trace of them in Thersitina at any age or in either sex.

Internal Anatomy.

The internal structure, so far as I have been able to study

it, does not differ from that of Hrgasilus as described by

Wilson. The only point in which there appears to be any

important difference is in the nervous system. I have not

been able to follow its arrangement in the adult female, but

in the free-swimming female and in the male the greater

part of it is fairly easy to see. Whereas in Hrgasilus there

is, according to Wilson, a double ventral nerve-cord with

ganglia corresponding to each of the swimming-legs and an

additional ganglion in the genital segment, in Thersitina the

nerves of the first three pairs of swimming-legs arise from

the posterior angles of the great postcesophageal ganglion,

which also sends off a pair of slender cords which run back

parallel and close to each other for a considerable distance

before sending off nerves to the fourth pair of legs and con-

tinuing on into the genital segment (Pl. XIII. fig. e). I

have not been able to detect any separate thoracic ganglia.

Parasitic Copepod Thersitina gasterostei. 421

Larval Stages.

The nauplii can readily be obtained by isolating females

with very advanced eggs, but the eggs: will not hatch when

so isolated unless the nauplii are already visible and active

within them. The nauplii will live for some time in water

not specially aerated, but I have not been able to keep them

thus up to the Cyclopid stage. No doubt it would be easy to

keep them to maturity with a proper system of aeration.

Unfortunately my water-supply does not admit of a satis-

factory arrangement.

The First Nauplius.

When first hatched the nauplius is of the usual Cyclopid

form and only *11 mm. in length. It is very transparent, but

has conspicuous blue pigment round the gut (PJ. XII. fig. 2).

The first antenne are two-jointed, with a single seta at

the apex of the first joint and two sete of unequal length

at the apex of the second joint.

The second antenna consists of a stout stem bearing a

minute one-jointed endopodite and a large exopodite with

a row of six setae. The stem is constricted, though not seg-

mented, into two joints, and has a large masticatory hook at

its base.

The mandible consists of a broad basal segment and two

short branches. The endopodite is indistinctly two-jointed,

the basal joint bearing a large masticatory lobe armed with

two stiff sete. The distal joint bears three sete and a large

thick esthete. The distal end of the body is provided with

the usual pair of sete. The anus is apparently imperforate.

The Second Nauplius. (Pl. XII. fig. 3.)

Six days after hatching the nauplii showed very little

change. The length was -16 mm., or a growth of ‘05 mm.

The appendages remain as before, except that in the case

of the mandible the exopodite is distinctly three-jointed and

the endopodite has the appearance of a simple masticatory

appendage of the basal joint. It consists of the previous

masticatory lobe and a minute knob bearing the large esthete

and three setee. Behind the mandible are seen beneath the

skin the rudiments of a fourth pair of appendages. The

posterior end of the body has now two pairs of sete.

The antennal gland is present in the form of a long slender

tube running back behind the mandible and returning on

422 Mr. R. Gurney on the

itself to open at the base of the second antenna. The anus

is still imperforate.

The Third Nauplius. (Pl. XII. fig. 4.)

Seven days after the nauplii had entered the second stage

some were found to have moulted into a third stage and to

measure about ‘17 mm. In this stage the first three pairs

of appendages are practically unchanged, but a fourth pair is

now present in the form of simple cylindrical processes with

a single apical seta. These appendages may represent the

second pair of maxilla. The anus still appears to be im-

perforate. The blue colour surrounding the gut is now, and

remains in later stages, a distinctive and easily recognized

character. The maxillary gland is first seen at this stage.

Later Nauplit.

After the stage described above all my nauplii died off

with the exception of one individual which, one month after

hatching, had reached a size of :25 mm., but had no more

appendages than before. In this stage the first antennze

have numerous sete and are distinctly three-jointed (PI. XII.

fig. 5). The second antenna differs from the preceding stage

in having two basal masticatory hooks instead of one, while

the mandible has lost the characteristic flat esthete of the inner

ramus. At some distance behind the mandible is a fourth

appendage in the form of a bilobed plate bearing six sete.

Immediately behind this appendage a line is seen across the

body which marks the division between thorax and abdomen,

so that this appendage is evidently the second maxilla, and

not a thoracic appendage. I have not been able to find any

trace of a first maxilla. Further back the first pair of

swimming-legs can be faintly seen beneath the skin in some

specimens.

T have not found any nauplii either larger than the one

here described or with any additional appendages, so that it

seems probable that this, the fourth, Nauplius stage changes

directly into the first Cyclopid stage.

Cyclopid Stages.

Between the last nauplius found and the free-swimming

adult condition I distinguish five stages, probably corre-

sponding to as many moults. As figures are given of these

stages, it is only necessary to add a short summary of the

changes that characterize them. :

Parasitic Copepod Thersitina gasterostei. 4:

Stage 1. First Cyclopid (Pl. XIII. fig. a) :

Antenna 1 indistinctly four-jointed.

Antenna 2 five-jointed as in the adult, but without

accessory claws.

Mandibles and maxille as in the adult.

Leg 1 with indications of two joints in each ramus.

Leg 2 with one-jointed rami.

Leg 3 simple papilla.

Leg 4 indicated beneath the skin.

Body: four thoracic segments distinct ; posterior region

unsegmented,

Stage 2 (Pl. XIII. fig. 2) :

Antenna 1 distinctly four-jointed.

Antenna 2 and mouth-parts as before.

Legs 1 to 3 with two-jointed rami.

Leg 4 simple papille.

Body: five thoracic segments distinct ; abdomen un-

segmented.

Stage 3 (PI. XIIL fig. c) :

Antenne and mouth-parts as before.

Legs 1 to 3 with two-jointed rami,

Leg 4 with rami one-jointed.

Leg 5 indicated by a seta, but no papilla.

Abdomen of two segments.

Stage 4 (Pl. XIII. fig. d):

First differentiation of sex.

Appendages as before, with the exception that the fifth

pair of legs is present and in the male the maxilli-

pede is present as an unjointed papilla.

Abdomen three-jointed (PI. XII. fig. 1, a, a’).

Stage 5 (Pl. XIII. fig. e):

In the male maxillipede with indication of joints.

In both sexes leg 4 two-jointed.

Abdomen four-jointed (Pl. XII. fig. 1, 4, d’).

In the female the first abdominal segment has increased

in size.

424 On the Parasitic Copepod Thersitina gasterostei.

Stage 6 (PI. XIII. fig. f, 3):

Free-swimming adult.

In both sexes the adult form is assumed for all ap-

pendages, and the abdomen in the male becomes

five-jointed.

Systematic Position.

Wilson * has already discussed the relationship of Thers-

tina and Ergasilus, and has come to the conclusion that the

two genera are distinct; and with this conclusion I am in

agreement. The differences between the genera are, how-

ever, very small, the most important being the inclusion of

the second thoracic segment in the globular cephalothorax

of the adult female and the structure of the antenne. The

mouth-parts differ somewhat in structure, but are the same in

number as in Hrgasilus.

The genus contains but one species, 7’. gasterostec (Pagen-

stecher), since 7. biwncinatus (Gadd) is certainly indistin-

guishable from it.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

IP PATH Xe

Thersitina gasterostet, mature female. Leg 1 on right side and

legs 2 and 3 on left omitted.

PLATE XI.

Fig. a. Ventral view of male (adult).

Fig. b. Ventral view of female (free-swimming adult).

Fig. c. Mouth-parts of adult egg-bearing female. The second maxilla of

the right side removed and the first maxilla somewhat displaced.

Fig. d. First maxilla isolated.

Fig. e. First and second maxille isolated.

PLATE XII.

Fig.1. Abdomen of larva in stage 4 and 5. a, a’, stage 4, male and

female; 6, 6', stage 5, male and female.

. First Nauplius immediately after hatching.

. Second Nauplius six days old.

. third Nauplius eleven days old.

. Fourth Nauplius.

Fg.

Ug.

Fig:

Fug.

Sue Co bo

PLATE XIII.

Figs. a-e. Five Cyclopid stages.

Fug. f. Adult male.

* Wilson, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xxxix. 1911, p. 349.

On the Melolonthid Genus Ancistrosoma. 425

LI.—Synopsis of the Melolonthid Genus Ancistrosoma, with

Descriptions of new Species and an allied new Genus. By

G. J. Arrow.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Tue species of Ancistrosoma were reviewed by Sallé in 1886

(Ann. Soc. Ent. France, p. 465), and corrections of his

classification were published by himself in the following year

(Bull. Soc. Ent. France, 1887, p. 127) and by Brenske in

1890 (Wien. ent. Zeit. ix. p. 1388). Sallé regarded A. vitii-

gerum, Er., as identical with A. flavovittatum, Bl., while

Breuske declared it to be a distinct species ; but neither has

distinguished it from A. klugi, Curtis, from which Erichson

separated it only by the occurrence of a pair of setose spots

on the pronotum. As this is a variable feature in A. klugi,

I see no reason to doubt that Erichson’s two forms are con-

specific and both belong to A. klugi. The study of the

genitalia shows this insect, which ranges from Ecuador to

Bolivia, to be a very variable one; but in the British Mu-

seum collection I have found specimens from the Fry

Collection, not separated from it and occurring like it in

Peru, which certainly belong to another yet undescribed

species. . Other specimens in the collection are also un-

described, and as two of them are of economic importance,

I have thought it opportune to prepare a synoptical revision

of the genus. ‘The most remarkable feature of the genus is

the ventral spine at the base of the abdomen of the males ;

and it is a curious fact that in many females a detinite

corresponding patch is found denuded of setz near the end

of the suture, whilst in fresh specimens it is absent.

Sallé gives as a specific character of A. melolonthoides (of

which the type has been kindly lent me by M. Oberthiir)

the bifurcation of the claws of the middle and hind feet ;

but it seems probable that this applies to the male alone,

and that, as occurs in all the other species, all the claws are

bifid in the female.

The species can be distinguished as follows :—

Elytra with setose sulei; front and middle claws

of ¢ simple.

Flytral sets dark coloured. ..............65- rufipes, Latr.

Elytral setze dark and light coloured ........ intermedium, sp. 0.

Second elytral stripe produced forward.

Pronotum without median line; femora

SNC) CM Taig ce hu was coun a buckleyi, Sallé.

Ann, & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xii. 31

426 Mr. G. J. Arrow on the

Pronotum with median line; legs red.

Elytra with sutural line of sete abbre-

Wintedls ge sseNe bah As bie ee a epee ie klugi, Curtis.

Elytra with sutural line of sete entire.. flavovittatum, Bl.

Second elytral stripe abbreviated .......... hilare, sp. n.

Second elytral stripe absent .............. blanchardi, Sallé.

Elytra without sulci; front claws of ¢ simple

(except in A. farinosum).

Pronotum setose, with shining bare patches.

Dorsal setee deep yellow; coste not well

marked.) 72.0. pith ude ieeiane ne thane tobagoensis, sp. 0.

Dorsal setze grey; costs well marked.

Scutellum clothed with short sete ...... melolonthoides, Sallé.

Scutellum clothed with long sete (all

claws bid) ta. tee se ste come Cee Sarinosum, Sallé.

Pronotum covered with pale sete, with minute

opaque bare spots in 2 only............ trinitatis, sp. 0.

Ancistrosoma intermedium, sp. un. (Figs. 1, 1a.)

Nigrum, pedibus rufis, flavo-hirtis, capite flavo-setoso, pronoto

anguste flavo-cincto, linea mediana vittisque duabus fuseo-setosis ;

scutello flavo-setoso; elytris trisulcatis, sulcis setosis, setis

minutis, partis anticee fuscis, partis posticee flavis:

g, clypeo bilobato, lobis brevibus, latis; processu abdominali

valido, postice fortiter angulato.

Long. 27:°5-30 mm. ; lat. max. 11°5-12°5 mm.

Hab. Peru.

This has a very close resemblance to A. klugi, but the sete

with which the upper surface is decorated are longer and

less scale-like and not uniform in colour, those occupying

the central part of the pronotum and the anterior part of the

elytral sulci being almost black, while those of the marginal

Melolonthid Genus Ancistrosoma, 497

line of the pronotum and the posterior part of the sulci are

yellow. There is a gradation in the latter, the dark and

light scales being intermixed in the middle. The species is

thus intermediate between A. klugi and A. rufipes, the sete

or scales upon the upper surface of the latter being of the

same narrow shape but entirely dark coloured, while in

A. klugi they are entirely light. The lobes ef the clypeus

are shorter and broader in the male of A. intermedium than

in either of the other forms, and the body generally is a

little stouter and less elongate. The ventral process is

rather broad and strongly angulated behind near the base.

The edeagus is shown in fig. la and that of A. klugi in

fig. 1b.

“I do not know the female.

Ancistrosoma hilare, sp. un.

Fusco-brunneum, nitidum, pronoto nigro, pedibus (abdominisque

plerumque extremitate) flavibus, capite toto, pronoti margine et

linea minuta mediana antica, elytrorum vitta lata subsuturali,

secunda multo abbreviata margineque externa postica setis vel

squamis lete aurantiacis ornatis, pectore dense, pedibus seg-

mentorumque ventralium marginibus haud dense flavo-hirsutis :

3, clypeo acute bidentato, pygidio inflexo, setis flavis late mar-

ginato, medio levissimo, abdomine apice excavato, processu basali

valido, fere recto, haud acuto:

2 , clypei margine antico subtilissime biarcuato, fere recto, pygidio

leviter convexo, zequaliter setoso, linea angusta mediana denudata.

Long. 26-30 mm.; lat. max. 11-12 mm.

Hab. Peru (ex coll. Mniszech), Colombia.

A male and two females were included in an interesting

series of Ancistrosoma kindly submitted to me by M. René

Oberthiir, who, possessing the types of Sallé’s descriptions,

has enabled me to examine all the species of the genus

hitherto known. One of the two females is the type now in

the British Museum.

The sete with which this species is decorated are of a rich

orange colour, and those of the pronotum and elytra assume

the form of fairly large oval scales. The pronotum has only

a narrow border and a trace of a median line in the anterior

part. The scutellum is almost devoid of sete. The elytra

have each a broad stripe near the suture, a very short one

adjacent to it, sometimes a few scales representing a third

stripe, and a short marginal border at the posterior part of

the outer edge. It is closely related to A. blanchardi, Sallé,

but more massively built, with larger, broader, and more

aL?

428 Mr. G. J. Arrow on the

brightly coloured scales, forming a wider sutural stripe and

a second one much abbreviated at each end. The third is

almost or entirely lost.

Ancistrosoma tobagoensis, sp. n. (Figs. 2, 2a.)

Nigrum, elytris pedibusque flavidis, setis minutis flavis fere ubique

tectum, capitis, pronoti scutellique setis rufescentioribus, pronoto

utringue late denudato, areis denudatis setis sparsutis antice

divisis, scutelli setis longioribus et erectis; utrisque elytris tri-

costatis, costis angustis, antice denudatis; pygidio linea angusta

mediana denudata notato :

3, clypeo reflexo margine antico fere recto, pygidio convexo,

inflexo; segmento ventrali primo processu recto valde obliquo

armato ; pedum 4 posticorum unguibus fissis :

2, clypeo lato, levissime bilobato; pygidio brevi, planato ; ungui-

bus omnibus fissis.

Long. 18-20 mm.; lat. max. 8-9 mm.

Hab. Tobago.

This is very easily recognizable by the deep yellow

(orange-yellow in the anterior part) colour of the sete with

which almost the whole surface is covered, except the large,

smooth, lateral patches of the pronotum. ‘The sete are

smaller and less elongate than in A. trinitalis. The head,

scutellum, elytra, and lower surface are closely clothed with

them, the three coste of each elytra forming denuded lines,

which are so narrow as to be quite inconspicuous to the

naked eye except at the anterior end. The humeral and

Melolonthid Genus Ancistrosoma. 429

apical callosities are also denuded. The pronotum has a

border and a longitudinal median band of orange sete, and

the large, smooth, lateral patches remaining are divided

anteriorly by an irregular patch of sets projecting back-

wards from the front margin on each side. ‘The pronotum

is rather transverse, with all four aagles acute and the sides

strongly bent in the middle. The clypeus is only very

minutely notched in the middle in the female, straight and

reflexed in the male. ‘The basal ventral segment of the

latter is armed with a nearly straight process directed

obliquely backwards.

Specimens were taken in numbers by Mr. W. E. Broad-

way, who found them destroying the young foliage of the

mountain Immortelle (Erythrina) i in June of this year.

Ancistrosoma trinitatis, sp.u. (Figs. 3, 3a.)

Testaceum, corpore supra setis pallide flavis, subtus setis griseis

ubique sat crebre vestito, pedibus minus dense flavo-pilosis,

clypeo antice fere recto; pronoto transverso, antice modice

angustato, lateribus medio leviter angulatis, angulis anticis fere

rectis, posticis acute productis; scutello setis ut in dorsi reliquo

vestito, elytris costis angustis vix nudis instructis :

3, clypeo leviter reflexo, utrinque obtuse angulato ; pygidio inflexo,

convexo, linea brevi longitudinali mediana levi ‘ornato, segmento

ventrali primo medio minute producto vel spinoso, pedum 4

posticorum unguibus fissis :

2, pronoto postice plagis minutis duabus denudatis subopacis

instructo; pygidio brevi planato ; unguibus omnibus fissis.

Long. 17-20 mm.; lat. max, 8-9 mm.

Hab. Trinidad. |

This insect has the generic features at their lowest deve-

lopment. Almost the whole surface is covered with narrow

scales or sete, the elytral costz, although denuded on the

summit, being very narrow and not conspicuous. The

clypeus is not bilobed, but nearly straight at the front

margin. The general form and size are those of A. fari-

nosum, but a little less elongate, and the pronotum is rather

broader, less narrowed in front, and less angulated at the

sides. The scutellum is clothed, except at its edge, with

sete only a little longer than those of the pronotum and

elytra.

6. The abdomen is strongly arched and the legs are

slender. The front margin of the clypeus is gently excised

and the angles rather sharply marked. The first abdominal

segment is. produced in the middle as a minute spine, but in

430 Mr. G. J. Arrow on the

small individuals this is almost or entirely obsolete. The

pygidium is long and incurved, and bears a narrow, longitu-

dinal, smooth line. The front claws are simple and the rest

cleft:

?. The abdomen is short and stout and the legs are

much shorter than those of the male. The clothing of the

upper surface is a little less dense, the sete being rather

less numerous. There is a small, round, denuded patch on

each side of the base of the pronotum; the pygidium is

short and rather flat, and the claws are all cleft at the tip.

It appears to be common in Trinidad, and was found by

Mr. F. W. Urich eating leaves of the cacao-tree in May.

PECTINOSOMA, gen, Noy.

Corpus angustum, attenuatum. Caput parvum. Oculi haud promi-

nentes. Clypeus brevis, margine antico recto. Antennee 9-arti-

culate. Pronotum hexagonum, elongatum. Prosternum postice

oblique productum, utrinque planatum, apice bifidum. Pedes

graciles ; coxa intermedi et postice late distantes ; tibice antice

haud fortiter bidentatz ; tarsi omnes sat longi et crassi, singulo

apice pilis 4 longis divergentibus instructo; ungues longi, integri.

Metasternum et abdomen subtus late excavati, hujus segmentum

penultimum lamina horizontali postice minute dentata munitum.

Pectinosoma elongatum, sp.n. (Figs. 4, 4a.)

Nigrum, clypeo, elytrorum marginibus anguste pedibusque cas-

taneis; corpore supra opaco, minute nigro-setoso, marginibus

extremis omnibus, scutello, suturaque, setis albis multo majoribus

Melolonthid Genus Ancistrosoma. 431

ornatis ; capite parvo, rude et confluenter punctato, oculis haud

prominentibus, clypeo brevi, antice fere recto; pronoto conyexo,

angulis anticis acutis, posticis obtusis, lateribus medio valde

angulatis ; elytris dense punctatis et setosis, vix costatis; pro-

pygidio longo, eodem modo sculpturato, pygidio longo, antice

nitido, parce punctato, postice crebre punctato et flavo-setoso.

Long. 17 mm.; lat. max. 6 mm.

Hab. Brirish Gurana: Mt. Roraima.

Although I know only the male of the insect for which

this genus is formulated, its characteristics are so peculiar

and striking that no other course is possible than to so deal

with it, while its close relationship to Ancistrosoma is equally

evident.

Fig. 4.

The body is exceedingly elongate and the last two abdo-

minal segments are entirely uncovered by the elytra. The

middle and hind coxz are widely separated and the thorax

and abdomen alike are hollowed out to the full width of

their ventral surface. The prosternum forms a conspicuous

bifid process behind the front coxee. The whole of the lower

surface, with the exception of the last segment of the abdo-

men, is clothed with short yellowish hair, which becomes

long and thick round the edges of the hollowed surface.

The penultimate segment bears a rectangular process directed

horizontally backwards. ‘The straight posterior edge of this

process bears a row of very short broad bristles, twelve in

number, placed in close contact and truncated at the end,

presenting the appearance of a set of incisor teeth. This

curious comb-like appendage arises beyond the middle of

the segment, which is excavated beneath it and projects only

a little way beyond its hind margin. The terminal segment

432 Mr. H. B. Preston on

is smooth, broad, and truncated at the end. The clypeus is

short, with its front edge straight and slightly reflexed.

The antenne are 9-jointed. The pronotum is distinctly

longer than wide and greatly contracted in front and behind,

without the tooth in the middle of the hind margin and

corresponding notch in the scutellum so characteristic of

Ancistrosoma. he legs are long, slender, and thinly clothed

with long hair, the front tibiz bearing two rather feeble

teeth. The claws are simple, long, and slender, and each

claw-joint bears at the end four very long fine hairs, placed

at equal distances round the base of the claws and pointing

outwards.

Many of these features are no doubt peculiar to the male

seX.

LIl.—New minute Terrestrial and Aquatic Mollusca from

the Dutch Kast Indian Island of Beilan-Beilan, with

Descriptions of Four new Genera and Subgenera. By

BH BOPRESTON, F.Z..8.

THE islet of Beilan-Beilan, in which the species of which

diagnoses are below given were collected, is situated to the

north of Great Obi or Ombirah Island, in lat. 1° 20’ S. and

long. 127° 27’ E. Through the great kindness of the owner,

Mr. Diepenheim, two bags of dead leaves were received from

this island, which, when thoroughly sifted, were found to

contain a very large number of mollusca, in the sorting of,

and search for, which the author has been greatly assisted by

his indefatigable friend Mr. T. Iredale.

In addition to the species here enumerated, pieces of

several large species (probably Helicoids) were also discovered,

but these were of a tar too fragmentary nature to allow of

recoguition or description.

As the island, originally covered with jungle, is destined

to be cleared and planted with coconuts, it is to be feared that,

if not all, at any rate the greater part, of these interesting

species are doomed to extinction at an early date.

In the present paper no figures are given, but it is hoped

by the author to write further papers on "the island, when

this will be duly done.

Charopa moluccensis, sp. 0.

Shell (as seen under a 1-inch objective) minute, orbicular,

Mollusca from the Island ef Betlan-Beilan. 433

very depressed, almost planulate, dark reddish brown, glossy ;

whorls 3, regularly increasing, angled above, sculptured

throughout with fine, closely set, transverse costule, crossed

by fine spiral striae, which are especially noticeable on the

first whorl anda little beyond; suture deeply impressed,

wide, rather deep; columella margin descending in a slight

curve; labrum simple, the margins converging ; aperture

broadly and slightly oblique, subcrescentic.

Alt. °5 (nearly), diam. maj. 1 mm.

Hab. Island of Beilan-Beilan, to the north of the Obi

Islands, Dutch East Indies (Mr. Diepenheim).

Bertani, subgen. nu. (Ptychodon).

Shell depressed, orbicular, widely umbilicate, bearing two

horizontal lamelle on the lower portion of the parietal wall ;

outer wall edentulate ; apical whorls (as seen under a 1-inch

objective) spirally striate.

Hab. Moluccas.

Genotype. B. inopina, Preston.

This and the preceding species considerably extend the

known range of the Hndodontide.

Betlania inopina, sp. n.

Shell (as seen under a 1-inch objective) minute, orbicular,

subplanulate, clocolate-coloured ; whorls nearly 4 in number,

the first whorl and a half spirally, punctately lirate, the

remainder coarsely, moderately distantly, and_ slightly

arcuately, transversely costulate, the interstices bearing very

fine and closely set transverse striee, crossed by still finer

spiral strive, thus presenting a minutely cancellate appear-

ance, the last whorl a little descending in front; suture

rather deep; umbilicus very wide; aperture ovate, armed

below the periphery with two coarse, erect, entering lamellze

on the parietal wall ; labrum simple, the margins converging.

Alt. °75, diam, maj. 1°75 mm.

Hab. {sland of Beilan-Beilan, to the north of the Obi

Islands, Dutch Kast Indies (Mr. Diepenheim).

DIEPENHEIMIA, gen. noy.

Shell heliciform, corneous, perforate, having a widely

grooved suture, which is continued on the last whorl asa

supraperipheral channel.

Hab. Moluceas.

Genotype. LD. iridescens, Preston.

434 Mr. H. B. Preston on

The author has much pleasure in dedicating the present

genus to Mr. Diepenheim, through whose good offices, as

explained in the opening lines of this paper, all the species

described herein were obiained.

Both the above new genera, judging by the shell-characters

alone, should be placed in the family Zonttide,

Diepenheimia tridescens, sp. n.

Shell (as seen under a 1-inch objective) perforate, small,

suborbicular, depressedly conoid, yellowish brown, corneous,

polished, shining, highly iridescent ; whorls 4, regularly

increasing, the last gradually and slightly descending in

front, channelled and carinate just above the periphery ;

apical whorls smooth, the later whorls marked with radiate

erowth-lines and sculptured with indistinct, rather closely

set, spiral strise ; suture narrowly, callously margined above,

deeply and iather widely channelled below, the sutural

channel being continued as the supra-peripheral channel on

the last whorl; base of shell somewhat inflated, bearing the

same sculpture as on the spire; umbilicus narrow, deep ;

columella margin descending in an angular curve ; labrum

acute, notched at the termination of the supra-peripheral

channel; aperture very obliquely subcrescentiic.

Alt. 1:25, diam. maj. 2°75, diam. min. 2°5 (nearly) mm.

Hab. Island of Beilan-Beilan, to the north of the Obi

Islands, Dutch East Indies (ddr. Diepenheim).

WILHELMINAIA, gen. nov.

Shell corneous, turbinate, perforate, sculptured throughout

with very fine, spiral, punctate strive.

Hab. Moluccas.

Genotype. W. mathilde, Preston.

Withelminaia mathilde, sp. n.

Shell (as seen under a 1-inch objective) minute, globosely

but rather depressedly turbinate, polished, shining, pale

brown ; whorls nearly 4 in number, regularly increasing,

sculptured with fine, punctate, spiral striz, crossed by fine,

regular, transverse, hair-like growth-strize, which are more

closely set on the earlier whorls; suture rather lightly im-

pressed, margined above; base of shell somewhat convex ;

umbilicus extremely narrow; columella margin very ob-

ae otal descending, slightly curved, and outwardly dilated ;

labrum simple ; aperture oblique, subcrescentie.

Mollusca from the Island of Beilan-Beilan. 435

Alt. 1, diam, maj. 1°55 mm.

Hab. Island of Beilan-Beilan, to the north of the Obi

Islands, Dutch East Indies (Mr. Diepenheim).

Wilhelminata minuscula, sp. n

Shell (as seen under a 1-inch objective) very minute,

turbinate, reddish brown, somewhat shining; whorls 4, regu-

larly increasing, sculptured with extremely fine, wavy, spiral,

punctate striz crossed by fine transverse strize ; suture im-

pressed, margined below; perforation reduced to a mere

chink ; columella vertically descending above, then angled

and very oblique below, outwardly dilated ; labrum simple ;

aperture very oblique, sublunate.

Alt. °5, diam. maj. 1 mm.

Hab. Island of Beilan-Beilan, to the north of the Obi

Islands, Dutch Hast Indies (dr. Diepenheim).

The species is, in many respects, a miniature of W. ma-

thilde.

Opeas diepenheimi, sp. 0.

Shell (as seen under a 1-inch objective) imperforate, fusi-

formly cylindrical, with obtuse apex, yellowish white ;

whorls 6, the first much flattened above, the second very large

in proportion, the remaining four convex, the apical whorls

shining, sculptured with exceedingly fine, wavy, spiral striz,

the later whorls closely and finely transversely costulate ;

suture well impressed; columella vertically descending

above, obliquely below, slightly bulging in the median part,

narrowly outwardly reflexed, and diffused above into a narrow,

somewhat restricted, and moderately well-defined parietal

callus which reaches to the upper margin of the labrum ;

labrum acute, a little dilated below, bent slightly inwards

over the aperture above ; aperture inversely auriform.

Alt. 5, diam. maj. 2 mm.

Aperture: alt. 1°5, diam. *5 mm.

Hab, Island of Beilan-Beilan, to the north of the Obi

Islands, Dutch Hast Indies (Mr. Diepenheim).

HENpDRIKIA, subgen. n. (Scarabus).

Shell minute, narrowly perforate, with excentric, mamillary,

corneous, nepionic whorls, of which the second is densely

spirally pitted.

Hab. Moluceas.

Genotype. H. mirifica, Preston.

436 Mr. H. B. Preston on

Hendrikia mirifica, sp. n.

Shell (as seen under a 1-inch objective) minute, laterally

compressed, ovate, with turrite, exserted spire, the nepionic

whorls greyish, the rethainder datk chestuut, the last orna-

mented with three broad spiral bands of a ‘pale brownish

colour; whorls 7, the first two mamillary, the third small;

the fourth, fifth, and sixth regularly increasing, the seventh

large; the last five whorls sculptured with moderately

closely set, transverse costule which in places appear to be

pitted ; sutureimpressed ; umbilicus very narrow ; columella

margin outwardly curved, broad ; labrum simple ; aperture

slightly oblique, narrow, elongate, bearing on the parietal

wall an elongate tooth, and a large depression just below the

median part, below which is situate a hollow and rather deep

lamella-like tooth entering the shell at right angles to the

tooth above; the columella is armed with a broad, entering,

and somewhat concave lamella, and below this a projection

which entirely bars the extreme base of the aperture, while

on the inner margin of the outer lip are situate five denticles,

of which the first and fourth from above are very small (the

latter being rather more interiorly situate than the others)

and the fitth or lowest the largest, with an upwardly curving

tendency.

Alt. 3:25 (nearly), diam. maj. 2 (nearly), diam. min.

1:25 mm.

Aperture; alt. 1, diam. *5 mm.

Hab. Island of Beilan-Beilan, to the north of the Obi

Islands, Dutch East Indies (dr. Diepenheim).

Melanopsis dos, sp. n

Shell small, decollated, fusiform, ovate, dark olive, indis-

pee banded on the last whorl with dark brown; remaining

whorls 2, the last long, subangulate above and below the

periphery, marked with fine transverse growth-plications ;

suture lightly impressed ; columella margin vertically

descending, slightly curved above, rather abruptly truncate

below; labrum simple; aperture elongate, narrow above,

broadening in the median part, bearing a coarse whitish

callosity on the upper portion of the parietal wall,

Alt. 5, diam. maj. 2°75, diam. min. 2°5 mm.

Aperture : alt. 3, diam. °75 mm.

Hab. Island of Beilan- era to the north of the Obi

Islands, Dutch Kast Indies (Mr. Diepenhetm).

Mollusca from the Island of Beilan-Beilan. 437

Cyclotus betlanensis, sp. n.

Shell rather small, depressedly turbinate, pinkish-livid,

painted with an infra-peripheral band of blackish brown, and

covered with a coarse, chestnut-brown, finely scabrous peri-

ostracum ; whorls 334, the earlier whorls (when seen under a

1-inch objective) bearing traces of fine spiral liration and the

last two rather finely, transversely costulate ; suture impressed,

umbilicus somewhat wide, deep ; labrum simple, the margins

converging, a polished, well-defined, parietal callus stretching

between the two; aperture circular; operculum white, calca-

reous, slightly concave, multispiral, with central nucleus and

obliquely, transversely laminiferous, grooved below round

the outer margin.

Alt. 4:5, diam. maj. 9, diam. min. 7°25 mm.

Aperture: alt. 4, diam. 4 mm.

Hab. Island of Beilan-Beilan, to the north of the Obi

Islands, Dutch East Indies (Mfr. Diepenheim).

Platyraphe iredalet, sp. n.

Shell (as seen under a l-inch objective) small, discoidal,

yellowish white below its coarse agglutination of foreign

matter; whorls 3, the first two horny, considerably exserted,

the last calcareous, planulate, sculptured with slightly oblique

transverse costulz, all three being spirally lirate; suture

impressed; umbilicus broad, open; labrum simple, acute,

continuous ; aperture circular; operculum calcareous, con-

cave, laminiferous, multispiral, with smooth, central, rather

shallow, cup-like nucleus.

Alt. 2, diam. maj. 5, diam. min. 3°75 mm.

Aperture: alt. 1:5, diam. 1°5 mm.

The ahove dimensions are calculated as far as possible to

exclude the agglutinated matter.

Hab. Island of Beilan-Beilan, to the north of the Obi

Islands, Dutch East Indies (dr. Diepenheim).

Diplommatina radivformis, sp. n.

Shell (as seen under a l-inch objective) small, radiiform,

rather solid, flesh-coloured above, shading to pule yellow

below ; whorls 7, the first five convex, regularly increasing,

the sixth considerably swollen and angled at the periphery,

the last decreasing in breadth and scarcely angled, the first

two smooth, the remainder obliquely, transversely costulate,

the interstices sculptured with slightly wavy spiral strize ;

438 On Mollusca from the Island of Beilan- Beilan.

suture well impressed, coarsely crenellated by the termina-

tions of the transverse costulz; columella obliquely descending,

bearing somewhat interiorly a small downwardly directed

denticle in its median part, and spreading above into a thick,

well-defined, parietal callus, which reaches the upper margin

of the labrum and gives to it a subcontinuous appearance ;

labrum triple, outwardly expanded and reflexed, the inner

margin somewhat minutely granular ; aperture circular, pale

yellow ; operculum unknown.

Alt. 2°5, diam. maj. 1:25 (nearly) mm.

Hab, Island of Beilan-Beilan, to the north of the Obi

Islands, Dutch East Indies (fr. Diepenheim).

Palaina beilanensis, sp. n.

Shell (as seen under a 1-inch objective) minute, rather

shortly cylindrical, yellowish brown ; whorls 5, the first very

small, the second proportionately large, the third and fourth

regularly increasing, the last somewhat decreasing both in

leneth and breadth, the first three smooth, the last two

obliquely costulate ; suture impressed ; peristome continuous,

laminiferous, outwardly expanded, and reflexed, bearing two

Jaminiferous ridges on the whorl immediately behind ;

aperture large, circular ; operculum unknown.

Alt. 2, diam. maj. 1 mm.

Hab. Island of Beilan-Beilan, to the north of the Obi

Islands, Dutch Hast Indies (Jl. Diepenheim).

Diancta diepenheimi, sp. n.

Shell (as seen under a 1-inch objective) cylindrical, but

for the last whorl, yellowish flesh-colour; whorls 7, the first

two very small, the third and fourth lar ge in proportion and

rapidly increasing, the fifth and sixth rapidly i increasing 1n

length but not in breadth, the seventh much smaller, con-

tracted, and towards the aperture rapidly forsaking the

direction of the axis of the shell, the two apical whorls

smooth, the remainder obliquely and slightly distantly costu-

late, the interstices sculptured with fine, wavy, spiral strie ;

suture impressed ; labrum continuous, tinged with a reddish-

golden line, the inner margin erect, the outer outwardly

expanded and reflexed; aperture circular ; operculum un-

known.

Alt. 3:5 (nearly), diam. maj. 1°5, diam. min. 1 mm.

Aperture: alt. °75, diam. ‘75 mm.

Hab. Island of Beilan-Beilan, to the north of the Obi

Islands, Dutch East Indies (A/r. Diepenheim).

On a new Variety of Polydesmus coriaceus. 439

Moussonia ahena, sp. n.

Shell (as seen under a l-inch objective) subulately fusi-

form, bronze-brown ; whorls 8, the first two smooth, rounded,

regularly increasing, the third proportionately broader, this

and the remainder strongly angled at the periphery, sculptured

with very oblique transverse costule ; suture well impressed ;

columella margin tinged with reddish bronze, descending in a

curve and considerably outwardly dilated, bearing interiorly

a rather coarse, downwardly sloping, projecting tooth ;

labrum continuous, granular, outwardly expanded, scarcely

reflexed ; aperture subcircular; operculum unknown.

Alt. 2°75, diam. maj. 1 (about) mm.

Hab. Island of Beilan-Beilan, to the north of the Obi

Islands, Dutch East Indies (Jf. Diepenheim).

LIII.—A new Variety of Polydesmus coriaceus, Porat, and

Note on a Centipede Monstrosity. By C.M. Srwpte, B.Sc.

DurinG the excursions held by the Belfast Naturalists’

Field Club in May of the present year, in celebration of the

fiftieth anniversary of the foundation of the club, a number

of Myriapods were collected and were forwarded to me for

examination. Among them is a specimen of Polydesmus

coriaceus, Porat, which belongs to a_hitherto-undescribed

variety.

In outward appearance it agrees exactly with typical

individuals of the species ; it is only when the “ copulatory

feet” of the seventh segment are examined that any difference

becomes apparent.

The most characteristic feature is the form of the extre-

mity of the seminal branch (fig.1, a). This is expanded into

a broad double-edged blade shaped like a battle-axe, the two

sides being quite equal and symmetrical. Beneath the

opening of the seminal duct, which is furnished, as usual,

with a group of bristles, there is a sharp tooth or process

directed downwards (4); on the other side of the seminal

branch, and slightly nearer the base, there is a blunt

knob (e).

The outer branch is very similar to that of typical

specimens. Near the tip it bears one small tooth on the

external margin (d). This, however, is not likely to be a

constant character, as similar teeth are sometimes present and

440 Mr. C. M. Selbie on

sometimes wanting in normal specimens. The tooth e near

the middle of the branch is rather blunt and not very easily

seen, owing to its being situated at the point where the

thickening of the branch begins.

Fig. 1.

The variety, which I propose to call P. coriaceus, var.

securiformis, in reference to the shape of the seminal branch,

is at present represented by a single specimen taken on a log

of wood at Murlough Bay, Antrim.

T am glad to have this opportunity of expressing my grati-

tude to Dr. H. W. Brélemann, of Pau, for valuable informa-

tion with regard to the varieties of P. cor/aceus found in

France.

A Peculiar Specimen of Stigmatogaster subterraneus, Leach.

I am indebted to Prof. Carpenter, of the Royal College of

Science, Dublin, for the opportunity of describing this

specimen, which was sent to him recently with some others

from Kilfinane, in Limerick, where they were found in

potatoes.

a Centipede Monstrosity. 441

The anterior and middle portions of the body are those

of a perfectly normal specimen, but two segments in front of

the last leg-bearing segment it splits into two halves, both

of which are completely developed—externally, at least. The

left branch is more nearly in a direct line with the rest of

Fig. 2,

the body than the right, which is slightly twisted towards

the other, so that the dorsal shields are directed outwards.

Each branch bears three pairs of perfectly developed legs,

including the long and thin anal pair with their large inflated

coxze covered with pores. The ventral plate of the segment

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xii. 32

442, On a Centipede Monstrosity.

where the division takes place is very broad, and serves both

branches, though its larger part is on the left. Stigmata are

present on both halves,

As seen from the dorsal aspect, the coalescence of the two

parts is not so sudden and complete as on the lower side

(cf. figs. 2 and 3). They are firmly joined at the second

On Tpidee and Platypodidee from India and Burma. 443

seement in front of that which bears the anal legs, but the

dorsal shields do not run completely across the body till a

point three segments before this, and each of these segments

bears two stigmata on the dorsally-turned pleural surfaces.

The specimen was slightly damaged before it reached me,

and was not in good condition for dissection, but the main

points with regard to the internal organs could be made out.

The mid-gut splits a short distance in front of the division,

one branch running into each half of the body. Behind the

split each branch is slightly convoluted, and then continues

straight. A pair of Malpighian tubes mark the division

between mid- and hind-gut in the right branch, but they are

absent in the left. On the other hand, though both branches

have externally the appearance of belonging to a female, the

internal sexual organs are present only in the left branch,

and are wanting in theright. ‘he nerve-cord sends a branch

into each half of the body, the ganglion where the division

takes place being more than twice as large as the others of

the ventral chain.

LIV. — Some hitherto-undescribed Ipide and Platypodidze

from India and Burma. By Lt.-Col. WINN Sampson,

F.E.S.

AXyleborus velatus, sp. n.

Ferrugineo-brunneus, compactus, prothorace subquadrato, rugis

transversis exasperato, postice sparsim subtiliter punctato;

elytris longitudinaliter pulvinato-convexis, striato-punctatis,

interstitiis postice uniseriatim piliferis punctulatis, declivitate

tuberculis ornata, margine apicali subtilissime carinato.

Long. 2°6 mm.

Loc. Tharrawaddy, L. Burma (EL. P. Stebbing).

Reddish brown ; front subconvex with the anterior half

unevenly and coarsely punctured, except the centre over the

mouth, which is smooth and shiny as in X. fornicatus, the

posterior portion finely shagreened ; prothorax very nearly

as broad as long, with the sides narrowed slightly anteriorly

before the middle, the anterior edge almost straight, the

anterior and posterior angles obétusely rounded, the upper

surface moderately convex, the disc being transversely

elevated, the anterior part very coarsely transversely rough

and having a few interspersed hairs, posteriorly very shiny

32*

44 Lt.-Col. Winn Sampson on .

and slightly punctured ; scutellum triangular, transverse, and

shiny black : ; elytra the same breadth as the prothorax and

very little longer, sides slightly rounded and the breadth

decreasing somewhat to the bluntly rounded apex, longi-

tudinally very convex, punctate-striate, the interstices with

a single row of piliferous punctures almost to the declivity,

from thence to the apex having uniseriate, short, and sharp-

pointed tubercles, the apical margin slightly but acutely

elevated ; the anterior femora in some specimens are paler in

colour than the tibie.

‘his species seems allied to several already described from

the East Indies, but is probably nearest to X. fornicatus,

Kichh., from which it differs in having a more convex

surface, much more prominent tubercles, a difference in shape

of the prothorax, &c.

Xyleborus improbus, sp. n.

Oblongus, subnitidus, nigro-brunneus, prothorace semigloboso

gibbo, antice exasperato, postice subtiliter punctato; elytris quam

prothorace fere duplo longioribus, striato-punctatis, interstitiis

subplanis, 2° biseriatim, cetera uniseriatim punctatis; 2° in

summa declivitate parva spina una, 3° spinis parvis ornato,

Long. 3 mm,

Loc. Darjeeling (B. B, Osmaston).

Front black, subconvex, just above the mouth are two

coarsely punctured depressions separated by a slight longi-

tudinal elevation, the posterior surface is finely reticulate ;

prothorax subglobose, anteriorly asperate, transversely gibbous,

posteriorly finely shagreened and sparsely granulate, with a

very small cluster of piliferous punctures at the centre of the

base. The scutellum black, transverse, and bee: punctate.

Elytra equal in breadth to the prothorax and about half as

long again, subparallel-sided, with the apex somewhat bluntly

rounded ; striate-punctate, the punctures being variolose in

character ; ; there is a double irregular row of punctures on

the second interstice up to the commencement of the declivity,

where there is a short sharp spine, the declivous portion

having a single row of minute punctures, each furnished with

a very long hair ; the third interstice has two or three small

spines on the declivity, which is depressed on each side of

the suture ; the striz are sinuous outwards towards the apex,

which is marginate. Somewhat similar to X. horridus,

Kichh., but most nearly allied to my species, X. niger, from

the Ruby Mines, Burma (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 8,

vol. x., August 1912, p, 247).

Ipide and Platypodide from India and Burma. 445

Xyleborus nowius, sp. n.

@. Oblongus, subnitidus, nigro-piceus, prothorace subquadrato,

lateribus et apice leviter singulatim rotundatis, dorso gibboso,

postice sublevi; elytris lineato-punctatis, interstitiis planis,

seriato-setosis, declivitate obliqua, subnitida, subtus acute

marginata, striis ad apicem vix sinuatis, interstitiis granulis

elevatis parvis post medium equaliter notatis.

Long. 2°5 mm.

Loc. 8. Malabar, Madras (EZ. P. Stebbing).

Oblong, shiny, pale piceous, sparsely hairy. Front

convex, strongly punctured, with an indistinct median longi-

tudinal line. Prothorax subquadrate, although with sides and

apex slightly rounded, obtusely angled at base, anteriorly

granulate-asperate, posteriorly shining and very finely reti-

culate and punctate. Scutellum shiny, black, and triangular.

Elytra as wide as the prothorax, but hardly any longer, the

sides subparallel, bluntly rounded at the apex, with a very

slight acute margin ; surface cylindrical to about the middle

and from there obliquely declivous, the punctures shallow

and variolose, and the interstices flat with uniseriate piliferous

punctures, becoming tuberculate before the declivity, which

1s very slightly less shining than the rest of the elytra.

This species is almost exactly similar to X. andamanens?s,

Blandf., and can only be separated from the latter by its

shorter and much narrower figure and the shiny and more

abrupt declivity.

Xyloterus intermedius, sp. n.

3g. Oblongus, brunneus, pilis longis adspersis, fronte depressa,

clava antennarum ovali; prothorace depresso, subtiliter asperato ;

elytris unicoloribus, subtiliter lineato-punctatis, interstitiis

multipunctatis, apice obtuso.

Long. 3°2 mm.

@. Oblongus, brunneus, fronte subconvexa, clava antennarum

ovali; prothorace subgloboso, dorso ultra medium gibboso,

anterius exasperato, posterius subtiliter rugoso; elytris ut in

mari.

Long. 3°65 mm.

Loc. Bashahr State, N.W. Himalayas (2. P. Stebbing).

Male.—Head brown, front slightly concave and pubescent,

coarsely punctured, two depressions just above the epistoma

separated by a median longitudinal carina; eyes bipartite ;

the antennal scape and funiculus, in most specimens, darker

than the club, which is closely covered with pale pubescence,

44G Lt.-Col. Winn Sampson on

solid, obtusely rounded apically; prothorax brown, trans-

verse and depressed, constricted in front and without

tubercles on the anterior margin, apex and sides clothed

with longish hairs, the whole surface finely asperate.

Scutellum bluntly triangular. Elytra the same colour as

the prothorax and not quite twice as long, very slightly

narrower than the prothorax at its greatest width, sides sub-

parallel, apex obtusely rounded, surface with long hairs,

especially towards the sides and apex, finely lineate-punctate,

interstices irregularly and closely punctured.

Female.— Head brown, front subconvex and pubescent, the

sculpture similar to that of the male ; prothorax subglobose,

apical margin bituberculate and the anterior part strongly

asperate, whilst the posterior portion is only slightly rugose.

Scutellum similar to that of the male. Elytra lineate-

punctate, the punctures rather more distinct towards the base,

interstices irregularly punctured. Underside less hairy than

in the male,

From the description this species seems to be allied to

Xyloterus (Trypodendron) unicolor, EKichl., but is broader,

with more regular elytral punctuations, and having the

prothorax and elytra of a uniform colour, &e. From

X. (Trypodendron) pubipenne, Blandf., it is distinguished by

its less elongate form, difference in colour, absence of anterior

constriction of the prothorax in the female, &c.

fTyorrhynchus blandfordi, sp. n.

3. Oblongo-ovatus, opacus, niger, pube fusco-cinereo dense

vestitus, scapo funiculoque antennarum ferrugineis, capite

cinereo ; prothorace semigloboso, basi bisinuata, lateribus

rotundatis, supra dense granulato, elytris post medium dilatatis,

supra tenuiter striatis, omnino fuliginosis, interstitiis convexis,

ad basin granulatis.

Long. 5:7 mm.

Loc. Kali Pokri, Darjeeling (77. Stevens).

Head produced into a flattened rostrum, expanded laterally

at the apex into two broad triangular processes hollowed out

on the dorsal surface, a strong central longitudinal carina

extends the whole length of the head, having on each side,

at the apex, an area of coarse irregular longitudinal rugosities

becoming finer between the upper divisions of the eyes, which

are longitudinally oval with small portions extending slightly

round the sides of the head towards the under divisions of

the eyes. Antenne with the scape and funiculus ferrugi-

nous, the club large, solid, acuminate, hairy, and mouse-

Tpidte and Platypodide from India and Burma. 447

brown. Prothorax widest in the middle, with a regularly

and closely granulate surface, not pubescent except at the

base of the well-marked longitudinal median line. Scutellum

rounded, pubescent, with some minute longitudinal scratches.

Elytra wider than the prothorax and more than twice as long,

laterally sinuous, being broadened behind the middle and

separately curved at the base; surface striate, the striz

narrow and shiny, interrupted at short intervals by transverse

ridges, interstices thickly clothed with dense dusky short

hairs, convex, and granulate ; tarsi lighter in colour than the

other joints of the legs.

Very closely allied to H. lewis?, Blandf., but narrower and

longer, with a more developed rostrum, darker in colour,

which is also uniform throughout, the elytral apex more

acuminate, and the antennal club dark,

Platypus suffodiens, sp. n.

¢. Fuscus, antennis tarsisque flavis; fronte concava, valde

punctata, prothorace subquadrato, apice punctis magnis irregu-

lariter dispersis et juxta post illos, punctorum parvorum con-

gerie ornato; basi utrinque punctis nonnullis instructo ; elytris

profunde sulcatis, sulcis obsolete punctatis, interstitiis nitidis,

3° basi punctato, depressione postica subconyexa.

Long. 4°8 mm.

2. Fuscus, fronte concava, admodum nitida, minutissime reticulata,

prothorace ei maris simili, sed punctorum congerie majore ornato ;

elytris suleatis, interstitiis nitidis, 5° basi granulato,

Long. 5 mm.

Loc. Lower Burma (EF. P. Stebding).

Male.—Front concave, roughly punctured and slightly

hairy, the anterior half is paler than -the posterior in some

specimens, and there is a shallow central depression ; the

prothorax is subquadrate, with a number of large punctures

placed irregularly along the anterior edge, immediately

behind which there is a small patch of longitudinally

elongate and confluent punctuations (in some cases this

patch is separated longitudinally into two smaller ones),

close behind which a shallow median groove extends longi-

tudinally to the base, the remainder of the prothoracic

surface is only very slightly punctured; the elytral furrows

are deep and roughened, whilst the interstices are shining

but also minutely punctured, the first is continued to the

apex, becoming granular before the declivity, the second

ceases before the depression, whilst the third is extended

horizontally into a short blunt spine and, together with the

448 Lt.-Col. Winn Sampson on *

other interstices, forms the edge of the convex apical de-

yression, Which has a dull and roughened surface; the base

of the third interstice is almost smooth, and that of the

fourth ends in a few granulations, plainly visible when

viewed laterally.

Female.—F ont concave, very shiny and delicately reti-

culated, a bisinuous line divides the anterior portion, which

is irregularly convex ; from the concave posterior part there

isa short median longitudinal line, anda few very long hairs

arch over the front from the sides, besides some shorter ones

on the vertex ; just above the mouth the surface is slightly

roughened and elevated; the prothorax is similar to that of

the male, but the anterior patch of punctures is much larger

and heart-shaped. The apical depression of the elytra is less

than in the male, the horizontal portion being less abruptly

separated from the declivous portion, owing to the much

shorter terminal spines of the interstices; the first and

second interstices are continued to the apex in the form of

granules, the remainder ceasing before the depression and

becoming granular from the basal two-thirds.

This species belongs to Chapuis’s group Suleati, in which

the species P. signatus and P. westwoodi also have the pro-

thoracic punctures placed anteriorly.

The sexes have been determined by dissection.

Platypus rectangulatus, sp. n.

3. Fronte lineato-punctata et carina media ornata; fusco-testa-

ceus, prothorace congeriebus punctorum angustatis; elytris

subtiliter lineato-punctatis, interstitiis subtilissime punctatis,

depressione postica lunata, angulis productis, emarginatione

rectangulata.

Long. 3 mm.

@. Fronte lineato-punetata et striga media impressa, pallide

testacea, prothorace congeriebus punctorum duabus semi-ovali-

bus; elytris subtiliter lineato-punctatis, interstitiis vix distincte

punctatis, depressione postica lunata, rugoso-punctata, foveola in

utroque elytro impressa,

Long. 3:2 mm.

Loc, Tharrawaddy, Lower Burma (£. P. Stebding).

Male.—Testaceous brown, the elytra becoming darker

posteriorly ; prothorax with about fifteen punctures on each

side of the anterior extremity of the median sulcus, which

does not extend quite to the base and only halfway to the

apex ; the rest of the prothoracic surface is furnished with

punctures of irregular size and distribution; at the extreme

base and apex there are small areas of fine wavy transverse

Tpide and Platypodidee from India and Burma. 449

striation ; elytra constricted just above the apical impression,

which is vertical with an emargination of equal width above

and below, lineate-punctate, with flat interstices very irre-

gularly and remotely punctured.

Female.—Paler than the male, the elytra rather darker

posteriorly close to the declivity ; prothorax with a broad

patch of punctures extending the whole length of the median

sulcus, which is similar in length but much less impressed

‘than that of the male; the rest of the surface is similar to

the male. Elytra very feebly lineate-punctate, except the

sutural rows, the interstices with only a few very minute

punctures; the apical depression lunate with a subconcave

fundus, which is rugulose and hairy.

This species belongs to Chapuis’s group Cupulati, and

is very closely allied to P. biuncus, Blandf., from which it is

separated by being slightly shorter and much broader, with

the apical processes in the male not approximating at the tip,

the postero-lateral angles being right angles; on the other

hand, the frontal sculpture is very similar in both, and

possibly the present species may merely be a local variety.

As want of material prevented dissection, M. Chapuis’s

diagnosis of sex has been followed.

Drapus, Chap.

oree

In the three following new species, whilst they ag

with the generic characteristics in other respects, the labial

palpi are undoubtedly three-jointed. As M. Chapuis both

figures and describes the palpi as two-jointed, it becomes

necessary to enlarge the diagnosis so as to include two or

three joints, as, similarly, Chapuis geseeDEs those of Crosso-

farsus as one- or two-jointed.

Diapus capillatus, sp. n.

Caput nigrum ; prothorax brunneus, elytris flayo-brunneis, anten-

nis pedibusque flavis; fronte valde concava, antica parte pilis

densis fasciculatis circumdata; mandibulis appendice margini

externo affixa antennis longitudine subequali; antennarum

seapo pilis densis longisque fasciculatis, apice obtecto, clavo

solido; palpi labiales triarticulati. Prothorace elongato, poste-

riore in utroque sulci latere congerie punctorum, squamulis flavis

pilisque transverso ornato, elytris punctato-striatis.

Long. 3°2 mm.

Loc. Darjeeling, N. India (C. G. Rogers).

These specimens appear to have been taken out ofa railway-

sleeper, made of Quereus lamellosa,

450 Lt.-Col. Winn Sampson on

Head black, prothorax brown, elytra yellow-brown, antenna

and legs yellow; head concave in front with coarse punc-

tuation and two deep impressions on each side of a median

line extending longitudinally about halfway to the vertex,

which is coarsely punctured ; two tufts of yellow hair just

above the epistoma turn slightly upwards, four other tufts

arising close behind; the front is slightly elongate; the

appendages to the mandibles are flat and expanded towards

the apex, the inner edges being serrated, there is a large tuft

of yellow hair at the apex of the scape, pointing forwards and

downwards; the first joint of the funiculus is inserted into

the outer side of the scape close to the apex (which is

much dilated) and is large and globular, the second joint

elongate, and the rest transverse ; the club is solid without

any sutures, of a pale colour, uniformly covered with short

hairs and large pores on the outer surface, which also has a

narrow chitinous ridge from the base to about the centre ;

the prothorax is oblong and deeply indented at the sides,

with a slight median line extending from the base to the

centre; just above the deeply bisinuous base a narrow row

of pale hairs extends from the median line almost to the

sides and above this there is a row of large punctures inter-

mixed with pale scales, above which again are scattered a

number of large punctures as far as the anterior limit of the

median line, the rest of the surface being plain; the elytra

are translucid, becoming darker towards the apex, and very

faintly punctate-striate—they have a thick transverse basal

ridge and are bluntly rounded at the apex; the fifth abdo-

minal segment is concave and edged with a few hairs.

Diapus furtivus, sp. 0.

¢. Piceo-brunneus, elytris semipellucidis, antennis pedibusque

ferrugineis; fronte inequali; antenne juxta verticem capitis

inserte ; palpi labiales triarticulati; prothorace oblongo, in

utroque carina latere congerie foraminorum transyersa ornata ;

elytris subtilissime lineato-punctatis, interstitiis planis, uniseria-

tim punctatis, margine apicale rotundato.

Long. 3°5-4 mm. ‘

carina parva inter duas lacunas ornato; antenne inter basin

mandibularum et emarginationem oculorum insert; protho-

race ut in mari; elytris subtilissime striato-punctatis, inter-

stitiis planis, apice spinis retusis ornatis; abdominis segmento

ultimo concavo,

Long. 4 mm,

Loc. Assam.

Tpide and Platypodidee from India and Burma, 451

Head and prothorax almost black; elytra translucid, but

darker towards the apex ; the front concave and the antennz

inserted in a line almost parallel with the upper edge of the

eyes; at the base of each antenna, on the inner side, arises

an oval excrescence, larger than the eyes themselves and

covered with deep punctures over the whole surface ; these

raised portions are continued, in a lesser degree, round the

lateral margins of the front, and, being of a paler colour than

the rest of the surface, give a very distinctive appearance to

the insect; a median longitudinal line extends from the

epistoma nearly to the vertex, where it ends abruptly in a

single large puncture, other punctures occur on either side of

this line and of the median carina on the vertex; a small

bunch of bright yellow hair is placed at the centre of the

epistoma, and smaller ones at the apical frontal angles near

the insertion of the mandibles. The prothorax is oblong with

a very short basal median line, on each side of which are

eleven large pores, somewhat irregularly placed and each

provided with a single narrow process (or possibly a stout

hair) affixed just inside the posterior edge of the pore and

extending almost across to the anterior side ; the rest of the

surface of the prothorax is shagreened, with a few scattered

and shallow punctures; just behind the anterior lateral angles

the prothorax is deeply excised for the reception of “the

femora. The elytra are very feebly lineate-punctate and

rounded apically, the interstices flat with indistinct single

rows of minute punctures ; there is considerable separation

of the elytra at the sutural base and the scutellum is large

and triangular. The anterior coxe are widely separated and

elongate, the femora very flat and broad, and darkened in

colour on the anterior edge, the tibie are deeply ridged

externally ; the first joint of the anterioy tarsi is very hairy.

In the female the ‘insertion of the antenne is normal, the

frontal carina is very narrow and has a deep cavity on each

side just over the mouth, the rest of the front is coarsely

punctured,

The prothorax is similar to that of the male, but the basal

pores are fewer in number, generally 3-5 on each side of

the median line; the elytra are pale basally, becoming

darker on the apical half, and having the interstices more

convex than the males, the apex of each elytron is armed

with five blunt spines of almost equal length, truncate and

furnished with two or three hairs at their « extremities ; the

abdomen transversely convex with the last segment deeply

concave, coarsely punctured, and sparsely covered with short

yellow hairs and having a median vertical carina on the

upper half,

452 Mr. M. A. C. Hinton on the

Diapus mirus, sp. n.

Fuscus, elytris translucidis, fronte tota longis pilis flavis obtecta ;

palpi labiales triarticulati; antenne inter oculos insert; pro-

thorace in utroque carine latere congerie foraminorum trans-

versa ornato; elytris obsolete lineato-punctatis, interstitiis planis

uniseriatim punctatis, margine apicale rotundato.

Long. 3:7 mm.

Loc. Assam.

Head black, prothorax dark brown, elytra translucid but

darker towards the apex ; from the anterior edge of the front

arises a transverse ridge of stout yellow hairs divided into

four groups which extend upwards and backwards over the

whole of the front to the middle of the vertex. Between the

eyes are two large clusters of similar hairs, also divided into

groups, the inner pair of which extend straight out from the

front but are slightly bent downwards at the tips and then

end very abruptly, having a total leneth of over’5 mm. ; the

other two groups are twisted outwards round the first pair

and then cross the middle of the front, thus concealing nearly

the whole frontal surface ; the front is nearly smooth and has

a central longitudinal line. The labial palpi are similar to

those of the last species; the insertion of the antennee is not

quite so near the vertex as in D. furtivus ; the prothorax has

no median line, but there is a group of large pores similar to

tliose of furtivus; the elytra show some faint traces of lines

of punctures, and are rounded apically.

LV.—WNote on the Voles of the orcadensis Group.

By Martin A. C. HINTON.

In his recently published ‘Catalogue of the Mammals of

Western Europe’ Mr. Miller * refers the three Orkney voles

litherto described to two species, namely :—

(1) M. orcadensis, Millais, described from Pomona, and to

which the voles of the islands Rousay, Shajinshay,

and South Ronaldshay (South Orkneys) are referred

also.

(2) M. sandayensis, Millais, inhabiting the North Orkneys.

With two subspecies :—

a. M. sandayensissandayensis, Millais, from Sanday.

b. I. sandayensis westre, Miller, from Westray.

* Miller, Cat. Mamm. Western Europe, 1912, pp. 661-2, 694-700.

Voles of the orcadensis Group. 453

Mr. Miller says that ‘‘ The degrees of distinctness of the

Orkney voles among themselves appear to bear a_ direct

relation to the depth of water separating the islands, and

therefore presumably to the length of time that the different

colonies have been isolated. ‘he numerous specimens of

M. orcadensis examined from four islands of the southern

group show no indication of the existence of local forms” *.

Since the ‘Catalogue’ was printed Mr. W. R. Ogilvie-

Grant has enriched the National Collection with a fine series

of specimens from Sanday and Rousay, including a good

many thoroughly adult skulls. I have had to study this

material carefully in connection with the Pleistocene J.

corneri, and it now appears difficult to regard the differences

between orcadensis and sandayensis as of specific value. In

this paper, therefore, all the Orkney voles are referred to

M. orcadensis. This species is apparently a modified relict of

the Pleistocene fauna of western Kurope such as we should

expect to encounter in the Orkneys. As an effect of long

segregation on small islands JZ. orcadensis is differentiated

into a number of local races or subspecies; with the possible

exception of those from Shapinshay (which I have not seen

recently), one is able to distinguish the voles of each island

from those of all the other islands.

The characters which differentiate the skull and teeth of

M. orcadensis from those of less modified members of the

arvalis group seem to be correlated with an increased deve-

lopment of the temporal muscle +; the beginnings of the

changes consequent upon such an increase are seen in several

arvaloid voles, and they culminate in orcadensist. ‘he

features which distinguish the skulls and teeth of the various

island races of the latter from each other in turn appear to

be consequential upon variations in the developmeut of the

anterior and posterior portions of the muscle. ‘lo appre-

ciate this it is necessary to study the skulls of old and young

individuals comparatively ; in the table at pp. 458 & 459 those

measurements which throw light upon these points have been

taken from my full tables and summarized.

In young skulls of J. 0. orcadensis (Pomona, condylo-basal

length 24—25°4 mm.) the temporal ridges are, of course, very

feebly indicated and are widely separated in the interorbital

and interparietal regions. In many respects the brain-case

* Op, cit, p. 696.

+ The large size of the temporal fosse was pointed out by Prof.

Charnock Bradley (Ann. Scott. Nat. Hist. 1905, p. 5).

{ Parallel changes are seen in other groups of voles, e. g., to a lesser

degree in M, agrestis and to a more marked one in Stenocranius.

ABA. Mr. M. A. C. Hinton on the —

closely resembles that of the adults of less modified members

of the arvalis group (e. g., MW. a. levis) ; the squamosals are

separated anteriorly by a space equal to, or more than, the

least width of the interorbital region ; the squamous portions

of the parietals are small, overlapping the frontals to a very

limited extent, so that the coronal suture forms a wide and

deep emargination of the parietals, while the posterior border

of the frontals is a broad semicircular process; the inter-

parietal is laterally unreduced, and has the short broad

form which characterizes it in M/. agrestis and other compara-

tively primitive voles.

In passing from youth to age the growth of the temporal

muscle moulds the outer surface of the brain-case, and induces

several important changes in the form of its component

bones. ‘The temporal ridges gradually become more salient

and relatively higher in position. With the growth of the

anterior portion of the muscle the ridges eventually fuse into

a strong sharp crest in the interorbital region, and the latter

becomes relatively narrower; the squamosals gradually

encroach upon and ascend the sides of the frontal at the

hinder end of the interorbital region, until at length their

upper edges are separated from each other by little more than

1 mm.; the squamosal crest, whence the strong postorbital

tendon of the temporal arises, becomes more and more salient ;

the squamous portions of the parietals are enlarged and, more

extensively overlapping the frontals than in the young, they

reduce the width of the notch formed by the coronal suture,

the posterior process of the frontals being correspondingly

reduced to a narrow projecting tongue (ef. the dimensions a,

b, and 38 in table at pp. 458 & 459). With the growth of

the posterior portion of the muscle the distance between the

ridges behind is diminished and the lateral processes of the

supraoccipital become more salient; the supratympanic

fosse from which this portion of the nfuscle arises on either

side are therefore extended, and occupy a relatively wider

tract upon the dorso-lateral parts of the brain-case (c/. dimen-

sions 8, 9, and 9-8 in part il. of the table at pp. 458 & 459).

The lateral extremities of the interparietal are consequently

reduced, and its growth is confined to longitudinal extension ;

by far its larger portion is situate between the temporal

ridges, and this portion acquires in consequence of the lateral

reduction a peculiar pentagonal outline in adults which is

very different from the form seen in young skulls of orca-

densis or in adult skulls of less modified species. We have,

in conclusion, to note that in M. 0. orcadensis the upper

border of the jugal is a boldly convex crest for the insertion

Voles of the orcadensis Group. 455

of the temporal fascia, imparting to the bone its central

expansion, and that the anterior lower cheek-tooth 44 has a

deep fourth outer fold.

The youngest skulls of 0. sandayensis examined are slightly

older than the majority of the young skulls from Pomona;

making due allowance for this, there is little difference

between them. The nasals and diastema are already slightly

longer, the molars slightly shorter, and the occiput is a little

more depressed than in the young of o. orcadensis. In the

next stage (subadult, condylo-basal length 26:4-27°6 mm.)

nasals and molars have acquired their adult proportions, the

former a little longer, the latter a little shorter, than in adult

o. orcadensts ; the diastema is now as long as in the latter, and

becomes in adults slightly longer; the occiput is now con-

siderably lower, and becomes still more depressed in theadults.

With regard to the parts influenced by the anterior portion of

the temporal muscle, the interorbital region becomes progres-

sively more constricted with age, and in adults is considerably

narrower than in o. orcadensis ; the anterior portions of the

squamosals approximate so closely in adults that only the

sharp interorbital crest separates them; each _postorbital

(squamosal) crest develops a more salient antero-external

projection ; and the narrowing of the posterior process of the

frontals and coronal emargination of the parietals is still

more marked than in o. orcadensis. It is evident from these

features that the anterior portion of the temporal muscle is

relatively stronger than in the latter form (cf. dimensions

a,b, and 3 of the table). On the other hand, the figures

show (dimensions 8, 9, and 9-8) that in the transition from

youth to age the posterior part of the temporal muscle

develops much less than in 0.orcadensts; the difference between

young and old skulls is here less striking, and the form of

the interparietal is considerably less modified. We recall

that in the Sanday vole the upper border of the jugal is but

slightly convex, that the bone is therefore slender, and that

the fourth outer fold of <4 is reduced and often obsolete.

The condylo-basal length of adult skulls ranges from 27°5 to

30°71 mm.; they are therefore as large, if not slightly larger

than, those of old 0. orcadensis.

The youngest skull from Rousay is subadult (condylo-basal

length 27-1mm., the temporal ridges still faint and widely sepa-

rated in the interorbital region). On comparing it with the

adults from the same island, a similar general progress is seen

to take place with growth to that traced in o. orcadensis and

o. sandayensis. ‘The <a has always a deep fourth outer fold

as in 0. ovcadensis ; the jugal is always slender as in 0. sanday-

ensis; the occiput in the subadult skull and in that of a small

but old female is as depressed as in 0. sandayensis, but in the

adult males it is as lofty as in 0. orcadensis. The anterior

portion of the temporal muscle is apparently more strongly

developed than in o. orcadensis, less so than in 0. sandayensis ;

and its effect upon the characters of the interorbital region and

anterior part of the brain-case is accordingly an intermediate

one. In the small female skull the interparietal is as greatly

reduced as in o. orcadensis, and the supratympanic fosse are

noticeably more extensive because of the greater saliency of

the lateral processes of the supraoccipital ; in the adult males

the interparietal is slightly less modified and the supra-

tympanic fosse slightly smaller than in o. orcadensis. The

posterior portion of the temporal muscle is apparently, there-

fore, more nearly like that of 0. orcadensis than that of 0. san-

dayens?s, but has a tendency to weaken. In its external

appearance the Rousay vole is quite like 0. orcadensis.

More material is required before one can be quite certain of

the cranial characters of 0. westre. The type isa young adult

(condylo-basal length 27-2 mm.); its skulland teeth agree quite

closely with Miller’s figures 138 a and a’ 139, which, how-

ever, represent 0. sandayensis ; the depression of the occiput

is more marked than in any of the skulls from Sanday seen by

me: gga has the fourth outer fold obsolete, although in other

specimens it is well developed; the jugal is slender ; the

interorbital region is rather wide and the squamosals not

more closely approximated anteriorly than in 0, orcadensis, but

in older skulls probably some further progress will be seen in

this region. Posteriorly the temporal ridges approach con-

siderably more than in o. sandayensis and only slightly less

than in the Rousay form; the interparietal 1s accordingly

modified to nearly the same extent as in 0. orcadensis; the

width across the lateral processes of the supraoccipital is

relatively very great, and the supratympanic fosse are there-

fore far more extensive than in o. sandaycensis, and, in fact,

considerably exceed those of 0. orcadensis. Like those of the

Rousay form, its cranial and dental characters appear to be,

on the whole, intermediate between those of 0. orcadensis and

o. sandayensis ; in addition, as described by Mller, its external

appearance is of an intermediate character also.

The vole of South Ronaldshay is represented by three

specimens before me; only one skull is fully adult and

sufficiently perfect for detailed investigation. In external

appearance, the form of ¢4,3, and the conspicuous expansion

of the jugal this form agrees with 0. orcadensis. ‘The inter-

parietal is even more modified than in the latter form ; the

Voles of the orcadensis Group. 457

lateral processes of the supraoccipital are considerably more

salient and the supratympanic fosse attain their maximum

extension in the group; the posterior portion of the temporal

muscle therefore appears to be somewhat more strongly

developed than in 0. orcadensis. On the other hand, the

squamosals are more widely separated anteriorly than in any

other Orcadian form, although the posterior process of the

frontals is as much narrowed as in 0. sandayensis ; the post-

orbital crest of the squamosal is relatively feebly developed,

and the brain-case, as a whole, appears to be longer, narrower,

and more lofty than in o. orcadensis; the anterior portion

of the temporal muscle is therefore apparently weaker than

in 0. orcadensis. ‘Che nasals, diastema, and molars agree in

relative lengths with those of 0. sandayensts rather than with

0. orcadensis.

It would appear from the facts given above that when the

posterior portion of the temporal muscle is the predominant

one the jugal is heavy and ¢44 complex; this is the con-

dition found in the South Ronaldshay vole and o. orcadensis.

When the anterior portion of the muscle tends to become

the predominant one, the jugal becomes light and <4 tends

to be simplified by losing the fourth outer fold; this con-

dition is seen fully developed in 0. sandayensis. Many facts,

which cannot be discussed here, but of which some have

already been dealt with long ago by Winge, lead me to

believe that in this group predominance of the posterior

portion of the temporal muscle is a more primitive condition

than is predominance of the anterior portion. The Orcadian

voles may therefore be arranged as subspecies of J. orcadensis

in the following order, beginning with the least modified :—

M. orcadensis, Millais.

(1) WW. orcadensis ronaldshaiensis, subsp. n.

Hab. South Ronaldshay.

Type. An adult male (B.M. 7. 11. 16. 1).

Diagnosis —External appearance as in M. o. orcadensis. (Collector's

measurements of type: head and body 126 mm.; tail 41; hind foot 19;

ear 11°5.) Skull distinguished from that of 0. orcadensis by its longer

and narrower brain-case ; the squamosals slightly more widely separated

anteriorly, their postorbital crests less salient, and with no antero-external

projection ; interparietal slightly more reduced, supratympanic fossa

much more extensive laterally; jugal and ¢-¢1 as in 0. orcadensis.

(Cranial measurements: condylo-basal length 29 mm.; zygomatic

breadth 17°6; interorbital constriction 3°8; occipital breadth 12:9;

occipital depth 7:2; nasals 9°2; diastema 87; maxillary cheek-teeth

(alveolar) 6°7 ; mandible 186; mandibular cheek-teeth (alveolar) 6-7.)

Ann, & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xii. 33

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. C. Hinton on the

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460 Mr. M. A. C. Hinton on the

(2) M. orcadensis orcadensis, Millais.

Hab. Pomona.

(3) M. orcadensis rousaiensis, subsp. n.

Hab. Rousay.

Type. An adult male (B.M. 12. 7. 5. 7).

Diagnosis.— External appearance as in M. o. orcadensis. (Collector’s

measurements of type: head and body 155 mm.; tail 86; hind foot 18 ;

ear 12.) Skull with short and broad brain-case, as in 0. orcadensis and

o. sandayensis, occasionally depressed ; anterior approximation of squa-

mosals and saliency of their postorbital crests intermediate between

o. orcadensis and vo. sandayensis; interparietal and supratympanic fossee

essentially as in 0. orcadensis ; jugal always slender, as in 0. sandayensis ;

e-t.1 always with deep outer fold, as in 0. oreadensis. (Cranial measure-

ments of type: condylo-basal length 28:9 mm.; zygomatic breadth 17:6;

interorbital constriction 3°7 ; occipital breadth 12°7; occipital depth 7:0;

nasals 8-9; diastema 89; maxillary cheek-teeth (alveolar) 6°7; man-

dible 18°8; mandibular cheek-teeth (alveolar) 6°7.)

(4) AL. orcadensis westre, Miller.

Hab. Westray.

(5) MM. orcadensis sandayensis, Millais.

Hab, Sanday.

M. sarnius, Miller, from Guernsey, Channel Islands, is a

near relative of M. orcadensis. It is distinguished by its

external appearance, which recalls the agrestis group, and by

its longer and narrower brain-case, less spreading zygomata,

shorter nasals and diastema, rather longer molars, and

smaller bulla. ‘I'he nasals are cleft by a small process of the

frontals, as in orcadensis, but the median septum of the

hinder palate is not grooved. Both portions of the temporal

muscle appear to be considerably weaker than in orcadensis,

and consequently the adult skull differs far less from the

young. ‘The distance between the temporal ridges behind is

relatively greater in adult sarndus than in any stage examined

in any Oreadian form ; the interparietal is therefore scarcely

modified, and the supratympanic fosse are not more extensive

than in young sandayensis. Anteriorly the squamosals are

widely separated, but the posterior process of the frontals

tends to become narrow with age. The jugal is light; the

fourth outer fold of <4 is well developed. The occiput is

intermediate in depth between those of orcadensis and

sandayensts,

Voles of the orcadensis Group. 461

M. corneri, Hinton, is a large vole whose remains occur in

the late Pleistocene deposits of England and possibly France

(Neschers, Bruniquel, &c.). It is clearly a forerunner of

M. sarnius and M, orcadensis; in fact, the three together may

conveniently be separated from the other arvaloid voles as

the orcadensis group. M. corneri is distinguished generally

from its two allies by its less expanded zygomatic arches,

shorter nasals and molars, longer diastema, and_ slightly

straighter and more protruding incisors. ‘lhe nasals are

narrowly rounded behind and not cleft ; the median septum

of the palate has a well-marked ventral groove; the molars

are of the normal arvalis pattern, but very light. The

temporal muscle was evidently much weaker, as a whole, than

in orcadensts. ‘The ridges, though clearly defined in the

adult, are not salient. Posteriorly they are relatively wider

apart even than in M. sarnius, aud the interparietal retains

to the full the form seen in young orcadensis and in the

adults of less modified voles; the lateral processes of the

supraoccipital are as salient, however, as in M. 0. ronaldshai-

ensis or 0. westre, and the supratympanic fossee are therefore

considerably more extensive than in sarnius, though slightly

less so than in sandayensis. ‘The jugal has a boldly convex

upper border, and its central expansion is therefore marked.

The interorbital region is in the degree of its constriction

intermediate between those of orcadensis and sandayensis,

and the temporal ridges fuse into a low but sharp inter-

orbital crest ; the anterior ends of the squamosals approach

each other to nearly the same extent as in orcadensis. On

the other hand, the posterior frontal process remains broad

and semicircular throughout life as in the youngest stages of

orcadensis (ef. dimension 6); the postorbital crests of the

squamosal, though extensive, are but slightly salient and

without any antero-external projection. In these weak

crests, as well as in the long narrow form of the brain-case,

there is some similarity to the skull of JZ. 0. ronaldshaiensis

as well as to that of JZ. sarnius. The occiput agrees with

that of the latter in relative depth.

It is difficult to decide which is the more primitive,

M. sarnius or M. cornert ; both are clearly more primitive

than J. orcadensis, and M. cornert occupies a somewhat

central position between the two living species. ‘lhe short

nasals, small teeth, narrow zygomata, and, above all, the

entirely unmodified interparietal and coronal suture of the

fossil lead me to regard it as the most primitive of the three,

although it has advanced further than J. sarnius in the

approximation of the antellor parts of the squamosals.

462 Mr. C. T. Regan on the Fishes of

Mr. Miller, in speaking of MZ. corneri, says :—‘ The characters

by which the fossil is distinguished from JZ. sandayens/s are

less apparent than those separating the two living Orkney

species ”; but if the analysis of the characters of the group

viven above be correct, it is precisely with JZ. sandayensis

that our fossil has least to do.

LVI.—The Fishes of the San Juan River, Colombia.

By C. Tare Ruean, M.A.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Dr. H. G. F. Spurreti has recently made an excellent

collection of fishes in the Condoto, a tributary of the San

Juan, a river of the Pacific slope in S.W. Colombia, and has

presented them to the British Museum. Three years ago a

series of fishes from the San Juan and its tributaries,

collected by Mr. G. Palmer, was acquired by the Museum.

These collections are rich in novelties, and, except for a

few species recently described by Kigenmann (Indiana Univ.

Studies, 1912, no. 8), our knowledge of the fish-fauna of

this river-system is based on them.

Characide.

1. Lebiasina multimaculata, Bouleng.

R. Condoto (Palmer, Spurrell).

had

2. Piabucina aureoguttata, Fowler.

R. Lisa and R. Tamana (Palmer).

3. Brycon striatulus, Kuer.

R. San Juan (Palmer).

4. Brycon oligolepis, sp. vi.

Depth of body 3 to 84 in the length, length of head 34 to

44, Snout nearly as long as ora little longer than diameter

of eye, which is 3 to 43 in length of head ; intererbital

width 24 to 8. Maxillary extending to below anterior part

or middle of eye; lower jaw shorter than upper. 138 or 14

gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch. 44 to 48 scales

in lateral line, 8 or 84 from origin of dorsal to lateral line,

the San Juan River, Colombia. 463

34 to 44 thence to base of pelvics. Dorsal 11-12 ; origin

behind base of pelvics ; longest ray about 3 length of head.

Anal 29-82; origin below last rays of dorsal ; edge straight

or slightly emarginate. Pectoral not or barely reaching

pelvics, which sometimes reach anal. Silvery ; a black spot

at base of caudal; fins dusky, with paler edges.

Nine specimens, up to 220 mm. in total length, from the

Rio Condoto (Spurre/l) and Western Ecuador (Rosenberg).

B. moorei, Steind., from the Magdalena River, is near this

species, but has more numerous scales. 8B. atricaudatus,

Kner (B. scapularis, Fowler), from W. Ecuador, differs in

the same respect and also in the larger head.

5. Creagrutus leuciscus, sp. 0.

Depth of body 8 to 33 in the length, length of head 3%

to 4. Snout shorter than diameter of eye, which is 3 in

length of head and nearly equal to imterorbital width,

Maxillary extending to below anterior 7 of eye ; lower jaw

the shorter. 10 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch.

Lateral line complete, of 35 or 36 scales ; 4 or 44 from

origin of dorsal fin to lateral line, 3 thence to base of pelvic.

Dorsal 10; origin above insertion of pelvics, nearer end of

snout than base of caudal. Anal 14-15, emarginate. Pec-

toral not quite reaching pelvics, which extend to vent or

origin of anal. Olivaceous ; a bluish-silvery lateral band ;

no humeral or caudal spots ; fins immaculate.

Three specimens, 55 to 80 mm. in total length, from the

R. Lisa (Palmer) and the R. Condoto (Spurreil).

XENUROCHARAX, gen. nov.

Near Deuterodon, differing in that a scaly flap extends on

the caudal fin, covering a pocket opening downwards, ending

in a Jarge triangular scale carrying the lateral line nearly to

the end of the middle caudal rays, and with its lower half

marked with numerous vertical striatious,

6. Xenurocharaz spurrellu, sp.n. -

Depth of body 34 in the length, length of head 44.

Snout shorter than diameter of eye, which is 3 in length of

head and equal to interorbital width. Teeth of outer series

of premaxillaries tricuspid, with weak lateral cusps, 2 teeth

on one sidle, 3 on the other ; inner pramaxillary teeth with

3 strong cusps and sometimes an additional pair of cusps, 4

teeth on each side; anterior mandibulary teeth similar to

464 Mr. C. T. Regan on the Fishes of

and opposed to inner przmaxillary series, 4 on each side,

the fourth considerably smaller than the others and leading

to the small lateral teeth; maxillary extending to below

anterior } of eye, proximally with 1 or 2 small teeth.

Second suborbital completely covering cheek. 38 scales in

lateral line, 54 from origin of dorsal to lateral line, 5 thence

to base of pelvics. Dorsal 10; origin behind base of pelvics,

slightly nearer end of snout than base of caudal. Anal 32;

origin a little behind middle of dorsal ; a scaly sheath at its

base ; third to fifth and ninth to thirteenth rays armed with

series of hooks. Pectoral extending to pelvics, latter to

origin of anal. Caudalforked. Olivaceous ; a bluish-silvery

lateral band ; no humeral or caudal spots ; fins immaculate.

‘A single specimen, 57 mm. in total length, from the

Condoto (Spurrell).

7. Bryconamericus rubricauda, sp. n.

Depth of body 24 to 3 in length, length of head 33 to 4.

Snout shorter than diameter of eye, which is 24 to 2? in

length of head, equal to or greater than interorbital width.

Maxillary extending to below anterior 4 of eye. Second

suborbital covering cheek, its greatest width from 2 to as

long as eye. Scales 34 to 38 in lateral line, 5 or 6 from

origin of dorsal to lateral line, 4 or 5 thence to base of

pelvics. Dorsal 10-12 ; origin behind base of pelvics, equi-

distant from anterior part of eye and base of caudal; longest

ray a little shorter than head ; free edge straight or a little

convex. Anal 30-33; origin below end of dorsal; a scaly

sheath at its base. Pectoral extending to pelvics, which »

reach origin of anal. Caudal scaly at base only. Oliva-

ceous ; a bluish-silvery lateral band ending im a blackish

caudal spot ; base of anal and proximal part of caudal lobes

brilliant orange.

Eight specimens, 35 to 70 mm. in total length, from the

Rio Condoto (Palmer, Spurrell).

8. Bryconamericus juanensis, sp. i.

Depth of body 23 to 3 in length, length of head 4 to 42.

Snout shorter than diameter of eye, which is 24 to 22 in

length of head, equal to or greater than interorbital width.

Maxillary extending to below anterior margin or + of eye.

Second suborbital covering cheek, its greatest width 4 to 2

diameter of eye. Scales in lateral line 35 to 37, 6 or 7 from

origin of dorsal to lateral line, 5 or 6 thence to base of

pelvics. Dorsal 11; origin behind base of pelvics, nearly

the San Juan River, Colombia, 465

equidistant from end of snout and base of caudal, longest

ray as long as head; free edge straight. Anal 29-32 ;

origin below or just behind end of dorsal ; a sealy sheath at

its base. Pectoral extending to pelvics, which reach’ vent.

Caudal scaly at base only. Olivaceous; a_bluish-silvery

lateral band ending in a blackish caudal spot.

Ten specimens, 45 to 90 mm. in total length, from the

Rio Condoto (Spurrell).and the Rio San Juan and Rio

Tamana (Palmer).

This species has a larger eye and narrower suborbitals

than the preceding and usually more scales in a transverse

series. Both have the dentition characteristic of the genus,

the premaxillaries with an inner series of 4 teeth on each

side and an outer series of 5, the second and fourth internal

to the others.

9. Bryconamericus scleroparius, Regan.

R. San Juan (Palmer).

10. Hyphessobrycon condotensis, sp. n.

Depth of body 23 to 22 in length, length of head 3}.

Snout much shorter than diameter of eye, which is 2! in

length of head ; interorbital width 3. Maxillary extending

to below anterior + of eye ; a naked space between second

suborbital and preopercle. 33 to 35 scales in a longitudinal

series, 10 to 15 in lateral line, 7 or 8 from origin of dorsal

to lateral line, 5 or 6 thence to base of pelvics. Dorsal 11;

origin nearly equidistant from end of snout and base of

caudal; longest ray as long as head. Anal 28-30 ; origin

below posterior part of dorsal ; a distinct scaly sheath at

base of anterior rays. Olivaceous; a dusky lateral stripe

posteriorly ; a vertically expanded dark humeral spot, a

second dark spot behind it ; no caudal spot; dorsal immacu-

late ; base of anal and caudal lobes bright orange.

Several specimens, 30-40 mm. in total length, from the

Rio Condoto (Spurrell) and the Rio San Juan (Palmer).

ll. Astyanax eneus, Giinth,

R. San Juan (Palmer).

12. Nematobrycon palmeri, Eigenm.

R. Condoto (Palmer, Spurrell) ; R. San Juan (Palmer),

13. Gephyrocharax chocoensis, Kigenm.

14. Parastremma sadina, Kigenm.

15. Reboides guatemalensis, Giinth.

R. San Juan (Palmer).

Gastropelecide.

16. Thoracocharax brevis, Kigenm.

R. San Juan (Palmer).

Xiphostomatide.

17. Luciocharaz striatus, Bouleng.

KR. San Juan (Palmer).

Anostomide.

18. Curimatus lineopunctaius, Bouleng.

R, Tamana (Palmer).

Sternarchide.

19. Sternopygus equilabiatus, Humboldt.

%. Condoto (Spurrell).

—

Gymnotide.

20. Gymnotus carapo, Linn.

R Condoto (Spurrell).

Pimelodide.

21. Pimelodella eutenia, sp. n.

Depth about 55 im the length, length of head 4 to 42.

Diameter of eye 3% to 44 in length of head, nearly equal to

interorbital width. Head 1} as long as broad; snout a

little longer than postorbital part of head ; width of mouth

3 width of head; maxillary barbel extending to middle of

anal fin. Dorsal I 7; spine nearly smooth, 4 to 2 length of

head ; adipose fin 3} to 34 in length of fish. Anal 11-12.

Pectoral spine 2 length of head; inner edge weakly denticu-

lated. Pelvics inserted behind dorsal, not reaching anal.

the San Juan River, Colomlna. 467

Caudal forked. Greyish; a strong blackish stripe from

snout through eye to base of caudal fin ; posterior half of

each interradial membrane of dorsal dusky.

Five specimens, 75 to 145 mm. in total length, from the

Rio Condoto (Spurrell) and the Rio Sipi (Palmer).

This species is related to P. buckleyi, Bouleng., from the

Amazons of Ecuador, which has shorter barbels, a longer

adipose fia, a different coloration, &c.

22. Pimelodella grisea, Regan.

R. Sau Juan (Palmer).

. 23. Rhamdia wagneri, Giinth.

R. San Juan (Palmer).

NaNNORHAMDIA, gen. nov.

Intermediate between Rhamdia aud Nannoglanis, differing

from the former in the absence of dorsal and pectoral spines,

the vestigial occipital process, the more posterior position of

the dorsal fin, and the shorter anal fin ; from the latter in the

less depressed head, the eyes Jateral and with free margins,

the dorsal fin above instead of behind the pelvics, the caudal

forked instead of truncate.

24, Nannorhamdia spurrellii, sp. u.

Depth of body 6 in the length, length of head 44.

Diameter of eye 2 in length of snout, 6 in length of head,

15 in interorbital width, Lower jawthe shorter. Maxillary

barbel extending to end of pectoral fin. Dorsal 7 ; origin 4

as distant from end of snout as from base of caudal ; adipose

fin as long as its distance from dorsal. Anal 9. Pectoral 4

length of head, not reaching pelvics, which are inserted

below middle of dorsal and do not nearly reach anal. Vent

a short distance behind base of pelvics. Greyish ; a dusky

lateral stripe.

A single specimen, 70 mm. in total length, from the

R. Condoto (Spurrell).

25. Pseudopimelodus transmontanus, sp. u.

Skin with papillze or filaments, which are always evident

above the pectorals. Depth of body 44 to 6 in the length,

length of head 3to3}4. Head nearly as long as broad. Dia-

meter of eye 12 to 18 in length of head, interocular width

468 _ Mr. C. T. Regan on the Fishes of

2 to 24, length of snout 3 to 32. Jaws equal anteriorly ; pree-

maxillary band of teeth with a pointed process at each end;

maxillary barbel extending to operculum or basal part of pec-

toral. Occipital process separated by an interspace from basal

bone of dorsal spine. Dorsal I 6; spine smooth, } to ? length

ofhead. AnallO. Pectoralspine4 to} lengthof head, serrated

on both edges, the posterior teeth usually the stronger, in

length not much less than the width of the spine ; clavicular

process short, its upper edge about equal to diameter of eye.

Pelvics not reaching anal. Caudal rounded in adult, in young

upper lobe produced and pointed. Adults uniformly dark

greyish ; young with a pale transverse bar from base of one

pectoral fin to the other, a series of 4 pale spots along the

back, respectively in front of and behind dorsal fin, on and

behind adipose fin, and 3 larger pale spots along each side.

Caudal with small dark spots, blackish at base and often

crossed by a dark bar posteriorly ; other fins either entirely

blackish, or with a pale margin, or pale with a blackish bar.

Nine specimens, 60 to 250 mm. in total length, from the

Condoto (Spurrell), the San Juan and the Tamana (Palmer),

and the Durango, W. Ecuador (Rosenberg).

Related to P. villosus, Kigenm., from British Guiana,

Pygidiide.

26. Pygidium unicolor, sp. n.

Depth of body 7 in length, length of head 6. Head as

broad as long. Diameter of eye 12 in length of head or 3 in

interocular width; eyes well in advance of middle of head,

close behind nostrils. Barbels as long as head. Dorsal] 8-9,

with 5 or 6 branched rays, rounded ; origin above or a little

in advance of vent, 14 as far from end of snout as from base

of caudal. Anal 7, with 4 branched rays; origin below last

rays of dorsal. Pectoral filament # to as long as head,

branched rays 2 length of head. Pelvics covering vent.

Caudal subtruncate. Coloration uniform.

Two specimens, 80 and 85 mm. in total length, from the

Condoto (Spurrell).

27. Pygidium spilosoma, sp. n.

Depth of body 7 to 8 in length, length of head 6 to 63.

Head longer than broad. Diameter of eye 10 to 12 in

length of head, 2} to 3 in interocular width ; eyes very

slightly in advance of middle of length of head, their distance

from posterior nostrils 4 or 4 of length of head. Maxillary

the San Juan River, Colombia. + 469

barbel nearly as long as head, extending to basal part of

pectoral. Dorsal 9, with 6 branched rays ; 3 free edge

straight ; origin a little in advance of vent, 12 as far from

end of snout as from base of caudal. Anal 7, with 4 branched

rays ; origin a little behind end of dorsal. Pector al filament

as long as head, branched rays % to } length of head.

Caudal truncate or slightly emarginate. Yellowish, with

dark brown spots on body and fins ; young with a dark

lateral band.

Three examples, 130 to 250 mm. in total length, from the

Rio Sipi and Rio Tamana (Palmer).

28. Pygidium tenia, Kner.

R, Sipi and R. Tamana (Palmer).

Loricariide2.

29. Lasiancistrus caucanus, Eigenm.

R. Condoto (Spurrell).

30. Hemiancistrus mayoloi, Eigenm.

31. Hemiancistrus holostictus, sp. n.

Depth of body 43 in the length, length of head 32. Head

_ broad as long, its depth 1? in its length, length of snout

diameter of eye 7, interorbital width 22. Length of

be bel equal to that of mandibulary ramus or to diameter of

eye. Interopercle freely movable, but with only 2 or 3 very

short spines. Occipital plate with median ridge, bordered

by a single scute; temporal plates keeled. Scutes keeled,

26 in a longitudinal series ; abdomen in great part naked,

scaly in front and at the sides. Dorsal 1 7; base nearly as

long as distance from caudal; first ray longer than head,

reaching adipose fin when laid back ; last nearly 4 as long.

Anal 14. Pectoral spine extending to anterior 3 of pelvics.

Caudal emarginate. Caudal peduncle nearly 3 times as long

as deep. Head, body, and fins covered with round dark

spots.

A single specimen, 180 mm. in total length.

This species is near H. annectens, Regan, from Western

Ecuador, but differs in the deeper fort m, the larger dorsal

fin, the very small interopercular spines, &e.

32. Pseudancistrus setosus, Bouleng.

R. Tamana (Palmer),

470 * Mr. C. T. Regan on the Fishes of

33. Chetostomus palmeri, Regan.

R. Tamana (Palmer).

54. Chetostomus lepturus, Regan.

R. Tamana (Palmer); R. Condoto (Spurrell).

35. Chetostomus paucispinis, Regan.

R. San Juan (Palmer).

36. Chetostomus marginatus, Regan.

R. Condoto (Spurrell).

37. Ancistrus centrolepis, sp. n.

Depth of body 5 in the length, length of head 24. Breadth

of head 14 in its length, depth 2, length of snout 2, diameter

of eye 7 to 8, interorbital width 2. Length of mandibular

ramus 32 to 34 in interorbital width. Snout with tentacles,

its upper surface nearly covered with bony plates, leaving

only a varrow naked margin (?). Interoperculum with 10

or 12 spines; longest nearly 2 length of head. 24 scutes in

a longitudinal series ; lateral scutes with the middle 2 or 3

series of spinules enlarged, ending in quite strong spines at

the posterior edge of each scute. Dorsal I 7; base as long

as its distance from tip of spine of adipose fin; first ray # or

5 length of head, last reaching adipose fin when laid back.

Anal I 4. Pectoral spine reaching anterior 4 or middle of

pelvics. Caudal obliquely truncate. Caudal peduncle 22 to

24 as long as deep. Uniformly blackish.

T'wo specimens (2), 150 and 195 mm. in total length, the

larger from Choco, R. San Juan (Palmer).

This species is near A. hoplogenys, differing in the structure

of the scutes and the narrower naked margin of the snout.

38. Loricaria magdalene, Steind.

R. San Juan (Palmer) ; R. Condoto (Spurrell).

39. Sturisoma tamane, Regan.

R. Tamana (Palmer); R. Condoto (Spurrell).

40. Sturisoma panamensis, Kigenm.

R. San Juan (Palmer) ; R. Condoto (Spurred).

the San Juan River, Colombia. 471

41. Cyclopium cirratum, Regan.

R. Condoto (Palmer).

42. Cyclopium ventrale, Kigenm.

Probably a synonym of C, cirratum.

Peciliide.

43. Rivulus elegans, Steind.

R. Condoto (Palmer, Spurrell).

44. Gambusia nigroventralis, Eigenm.

Perhaps a synonym of G. episcopi, Steind.

45. Gambusia caudovittata, sp. n.

Depth of body equal to length of head, 4in length of fish.

Diameter of eye 3 in length of head, interorbital width 24,

Mouth small ; an outer series of strong curved conical teeth

especially prominent in upper jaw. Dorsal 8; origin equi-

distant from posterior part of eye and base of caudal.

Anal 9; origin a little in advance of dorsal. Pectoral #

length of head. Caudal rounded. 30 scales in a longitu-

dinal series. Olivaceous ; a dusky bar across posterior part

of caudal.

One specimen, a female, 25 mm. in total length, from the

Rio Condoto (Spurrel/).

Belonide.

46. Belone fluviatilis, Regan.

R. Condoto (Spurrell).

Cichlide.

47. Cichlosoma (Atquidens) ceruleopunctatum,

Kner & Steind.

R. Condoto and R. Tamana (Palmer).

48. Cichlosoma (Afquidens) biseriatum, sp. n.

Depth of body 2} to 24 in the length, length of head 22

to 3. Snout as long as or shorter than diameter of eye,

which is 3 to 3} in length of head and about equal to inter-

orbital width Jaws equal auteriorly ; maxillary extending:

472 On-the Fishes of the San Juan River, Colombia.

to below anterior margin of eye ; depth of przorbital 4 to

2 diameter of eye; cheek with only 2 series of scales, rarely

a third series of 2 to 4 scales running upwards and back-

wards from behind angle of mouth to below eye ; preopercle

scaleless ; 5 or 6 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch.

23 to 26 scales in a longitudinal series, 3 from first dorsal

spine and 1 or 14 from first soft ray to lateral line, 8 rows

below lateral line. Dorsal XV 9-10; fifth to twelfth spines

subequal, + length of head; last spine 2? length of head ;

soft fin pointed, extending to anterior part or middle of

caudal. Anal III 7-8. Dorsaland anal scaleless. Pectoral

nearly as long as head, extending to origin of anal; pelvics

reaching anal. Caudal rounded. Caudal peduncle 4 to 2

as long as deep. Uniformly dark or with dark longitudinal

stripes or series of spots along the rows of scales; paler

specimens with cross-bars, a lateral blotch, and a small spot

at base of caudal; a blackish spot or ocellus on dorsal fin

between tenth and twelfth spines ; often another in front

of and another behind it; dorsal with pale edge and dark

intramarginal stripe; soft dorsal spotted; lower fins dark-

edged.

Seven specimens, the largest 80 mm. in total length, from

the Rio Condoto (Spurrell).

49. Cichlosoma (Parapetenia) atromaculatum, Regan.

R. Condoto (Palmer, Spurrell) and R. San Juan (Palmer).

50. Geophagus pellegrint, Regan.

R. San Juan (Palmer); R. Condoto (Spurrell).

Atherinide.

51. Thyrina guatemalensis, Gtinth.

R. Condoto (Spurrell).

Gobiide.

52. Philypnus maculatus, Giinth.

R. San Juan (Palmer).

53. EHleotris picta, Kner & Steind.

- R. San Juan (Palmer).

On Gemma, Parastarte, and Psephidia. 473

54. Chonophorus transandeanus, Giinth.

R. Condoto (Spurrel/).

Symbranchida.

55. Symbranchus marmoratus, Bloch.

R. Condoto (Spurrell).

LVII.—On the Shells known as Gemma, Parastarte, and

Psephidia. By A. J. Jukes-Browne, B.A., F.R.S.

THESE small shells are aberrant members of the Venerida,

which have sometimes been regarded as independent genera

and sometimes as subgenera of Venus or Chione. <A recent

examination of specimens under the microscope has disclosed

the fact that several mistakes have been made with regard

to their internal characters, and has also revealed some

features which seem to have escaped notice. I propose,

therefore, to give a more complete and accurate account ol

these shells, and to indicate a species which has been referred

to Psephidia (=Psephis), but which differs in so many

particulars that it must be regarded as a distinct subgenus,

and, as such, must receive a new name.

1. Gemma, Deshayes.

This little shell was first described’ as Venus gemma by

J. 8S. Totten in 1834*, and was for a long time supposed to

have only two teeth in the right valve, all the text-books

copying Deshayes’s erroneous statement to that effect,

although it is quite clear that Totten and other American

conchologists knew quite well that there were three teeth in

each valve.

The three teeth of the right valve are fairly well shown in

Totten’s figure, and he described the dentition as follows :—

“Teeth divergent, the medial tooth of each valve stout and

triangular, the anterior tooth of the right and the posterior of

the left valve thin and not easily recognized.” The shell

was accepted as a Venus by Gould in 1841 T, who described

+ Report on Invert. of Massachusetts, p. 88, fig. 51.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol, xii. 34

A474 Mr. A. a Jukes-Browne on the Shells

the hinge in Totten’s own words, by Hanley in 1843 *, who

does the same, and by Sowerby in 1852 f.

In 1853, however, Deshayes separated it as a new genus

under the name of Gemma, and printed a Latin description

of the generic characters in his ¢ Catalogue of the Conchifera

in the British Museum,’ p. 112. At the same time he refers

to the ‘ Proceedings of the Zoological Society ? for 1853 as if

they contained a previous description of the genus Gemma;

but no such notice is to be found in that publication. In his

description Deshayes distinctly states that there are “ dentes

cardinales tres in valva sinistra....duo in valva dextra,

divergentes, fossula lata interposita”’; but how he came to

make such a mistake is a mystery, for the right valve of

Gemma shows three widely divergent teeth, the central one

being prominent and bifid. In the left valve there are two

conspicuous teeth with a wide space between them, but there

is also a narrow inconspicuous posterior tooth below the

ligament, which is sometimes nearly obsolete, so that it is

possible that Deshayes wrote “ right ”’ for left valve.

The Messrs. Adams, in 1857, adopted Deshayes’s genus,

and gave an English translation of his Latin description,

thus merely repeating his error}. It is again repeated in

French by P. Fischer §, although he places Gemma as a

subgenus of Venus.

lt was not till 1902 that this mistake was corrected by

Dr. Dall ||, who maintains the accuracy of Totten’s original

description, so far as it goes, and gives a full account of the

different names which have been bestowed on the shell and its

varieties. Dr. Dall accepts Gemma as a genus, and prints a

fresh description of the hinge, the cardinal teeth being

correctly described ; but he asserts that there are also lateral

teeth—an anterior lateral in the right valve and a_ posterior

lateral in the left. Curiously enough, however, he describes

the opposite margins as “deeply grooved” to receive these

‘lateral teeth,” and does not seem to regard the inner borders

of these grooves as lateral teeth, though, according to all

precedent, he should do so.

So far as the facts are concerned, 2. e. the existence of the

ridged margins and the corresponding grooves, Dr. Dall is

quite correct, but as regards the interpretation of the facts I

completely differ from him. If these ridges were lateral

* ‘Catalogue of Recent Bivalve Shells,’ p. 126.

+ ‘Thesaurus Conchyliorum,’ Mon. Venus, p. 737.

t ‘The Genera of Recent Mollusea,’ vol. ii. p. 419 (issued 1857).

§ ‘Manuel de Conchyliologie,’ 1887, p. 1088.

| ‘The Journal of Conchology’ (Conch. Soc. Gt. Brit.), 1902, p. 288.

known as Gemma, Parastarte, and Psephidia. 475°

teeth the shell would be uniquely abnormal, for, as a rule,

when there is only one lateral tooth in each valve these are

the left anterior and the right posterior. There is no excep-

tion in the Veneridz, and, if there are exceptions in other

families, I do not know of them.

I regard these ridges and grooves as merely a modification

of the interlocking arrangement which is found on the dorsal

margins of many other genera, when lateral teeth are absent.

Dr. Dall has himself described such grooves in many members

of the Veneridz, and he knows very well that the grooves

always occur on the anterior margin of the left and the

posterior margin of the right valve, the opposite margins

being bevelled into long ridges which fit into them. ‘This is

exactly how they occur in Gemma, the only difference being

that the margins are more evenly bevelled into a median

ridge, so that they have rather a deceptive similarity to

lateral teeth; but this similarity should not have deceived

so experienced a conchologist as Dr. Dall.

It appears, however, to have deceived H. C. Lea in 1842,

for Dr. Dall refers to his supposition that Venus gemma was

a Cyrena, and remarks, ‘* This indicates that he had correctly

identified the teeth, which are like those of Cyrena, except

that the laterals in Gemma are relatively weaker, and the

cardinals are not bifid or grooved.” This statement is very

misleading, for, though there are some species of Cyrena in

which the laterals are long narrow ridges, they are both in

the left valve, and they fit between the double laterals of

the right valve, so that the deutition is completely different

from that of Gemma.

I have no hesitation in maintaining that Gemma has no

lateral teeth, for the following reasons:—(1) The ridges

which are supposed to represent them are in opposite valves ;

(2) the anterior ridge is in the right valve, not in the left ;

(3) it is not received between two ridges in the opposite

valve, but merely into a long groove on the margin;

(4) similar ridges and grooves may be seen on the margins of

Gomphina, Katelysta, and other genera.

2. PARASTARTE, Conrad.

The shell which is the monotype of this supposed genus

was described by Conrad in 1845 as Astarte triquetra, but he

subsequently separated it as a new genus under the name

of Parastarte*. His view of its affiuities was accepted by

* Proc, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. xiv. G63).

34°

476 Mr. A. J. Jukes-Browne on the Shells

Fischer (1887) and by Dall in 1889, but in 1902 the latter

transferred it to the Veneride, and placed it after Gemma in

his ‘‘ Synopsis of the Veneride,” giving at the same time a

full and accurate description of the shell *.

Purastarte resembles Gemma in most respects, but differs

in two particulars: first, the pallial line is hardly sinuated,

but only slightly inflected ; secondly, the left valve has only

two. divergent teeth, separated by a triangular space to

receive the strong central tooth of the right valve; these two

teeth are clearly anterior and median, so that it is the poste-

rior cardinal which is missing in the left valve, crowded out

by the thickness of the two median teeth and the narrowness

of the triangular hinge-plate.

We have seen that in Gemma this left posterior tooth is

reduced to an inconspicuous ridge, and, asa matter of fact, it is

often obsolete in the variety G. purpurea, so that, as Dr. Dail

himself admits, he at one time actually referred this variety

of Gemma to Parastarte. If, therefore, we consider Par-

astarte as a laterally compressed Gemma, we can readily

understand how this tooth has been eliminated.

I am consequently quite of Dr. Dall’s opinion that this

shell is closely related to Gemma, but I do not consider it

entitled to rank as more than a subgenus of Gemma. It

exhibits similar ridges and grooves on the dorsal margins of

its valves, and it is to be noticed that Dr. Dall has never

ventured to call them lateral teeth, either in his “ Synopsis of

the Venerida:” (1902) or in his ‘Monograph on the ‘Tertiary

Fossils of Florida’? (1903). On the contrary, he describes

the dorsal margins of Purastarte as “ feebly grooved to

receive the edges of the opposite valve.” Again, in his

article on Gemna, above mentioned, he writes :—‘t The

nearest relative of Gemma is the genus Parastarte, Conrad,

which differs chiefly by its obsolete pall:al sinus and the

absence of the left posterior cardinal tooth. Concurrently

the lateral grooving of the margins is less distinct.”

Nothing whatever is said about the ee ridges

which in Gemma he imagined to be lateral teeth! If they

are such in Gemma, why are they not in its ‘ nearest

relative’? ‘The only logical answer is that no lateral teeth

exist in either shell.

In view of the facts and considerations above mentioned,

and of the close relationship between Parastarte and Gemma,

it seems desirable to describe the genus once more, and in

such a manner as to discriminate between the typical form

* Proc, U.S. Nat. Museum, vol. xxvi. p. 365 (1902).

known es Gemma, Parastarte, and Psephidia. = 477

and the subgenus. It may be added that only one living

species of Gemma (with two well-marked varieties) and one

species of Parastarte are known, and both are inhabitants of

the Atlantic coast of North America ; but two other species

of Gemma have been recorded from the Tertiary deposits of

Florida, The following is an amended description of this

little group of shells,

Genus GEMMA.

Shell small, oval or subtrigonal, smooth or concentrically

striated. Lunule large, superficial, circumscribed. Escutcheon

not defined. Hinge-plate short ; the right valve with three

divergent teeth, the median large and triangular, the other

two narrow and inconspicuous; the left valve with two or

three teeth, the median or its representative being always

bifid. Antero-dorsal margin of the left valve and postero-

dorsal margin of the right valve grooved to receive the

opposite ridged margins. Ventral margins crenulated.

Gemma, s. s—Type, Venus gemma, ‘Votten.

Shell short, striate, white or purplish. Three cardinal

teeth in each valve. Marginal ridges distinct and the grooves

deep. Pallial sinus varying both in shape and size, being

sometimes short and angular, sometimes deep, ascending,

and rounded.

Subgenus ParasrarteE, Conrad,

Type, Astarte triquetra, Conr.

Shell taller than broad, strong, equilateral and subtrigonal,

smooth, yellowish brown in colour. Hinge with three teeth

in the right valve and two in the left. Ligament very short.

Marginal: ridges and grooves narrow. Pallial line only

slightly inflected.

' 3. PsepaipiA, Dall.

A little group of shells was named Psephis by Carpenter in

1864, and was more clearly defined from the type of P. ordi,

Baird, in 1565, but was re-named Psephidia by Dr. Dall in

1902* because he found that the name PsepAzs had been

used in Lepidoptera by Guenée in 1854. The original

Psephis of Carpenter included several species, but Dr. Dall

found that £#. dantilla had an anterior lateral tooth and

belonged to his Zransenel/a, also that the supposed P, telli-

myalis aud P, salmonea were the nepionic young of other

* Proc, U.S. Nat. Mus, vol. xxvi. p. 366.

478 Mr. A. J. Jukes-Browne on the Shells

bivalves. In1902,however, he described a second true species

of Psephi's, which he named P. ovalis, and in 1903 he figured

a fossil species from the Pliocene deposits of the Pacific coast

of America.

According to Dr. Dall, the animal presents some peculia-

rities, having the mantle-lobes united below, with only an

anterior opening for the foot; the siphons are short and

simple, and the embryonic young are retained within the

mantle-cavity for some time, so that it is pseudo-viviparous.

The shell is small, oval, smooth, with a feebly defined

Innule and no escutcheon. In the type (P. dordi) there are

three cardinal teeth in each valve. ‘The anterior left and

the posterior right dorsal margins are narrowly grooved, and

the opposite margins are bevelled to form ridges which fit

into the grooves; and there is a distinct angular pallial sinus.

Dr. Dall, however, is mistaken in saying that the teeth are

entire and that the valve-margins are not crenate.

When a valve is examined under a strong lens or an inch

ol jective it is seen that both the median teeth are grooved,

as well as the right posterior. It is also seen that the inner

margin is faintly striated tangentially, as in the case of

’ Transenella, and that it is also minutely crenulated on the

anterior and ventral sides. Such a combination of marginal

characters is very interesting, and, so far as my experience

extends, it is a unique structure.

I have not been able to examine any other species of

Psephidia to see whether they present the same marginal

features, but I should certainly expect to find the tangential

striation, even if there was no erenulation.

With regard to the affinities of Psephidia, the shell has

much resemblance to that of Gemma, but the animals differ

in several important particulars, although they both have the

habit of retaining the embryonic young within the mantle-

cavity. On account of this protective habit Dr. Dall would

unite them into a distinct subfamily; but I cannot agree

with him in regarding it as of more than generic importance.

If the shell of Psephidia is compared with that of Gom-

phina, especially of G'. undulosa, it will be seen that there is

a great resemblance between them, the former only differing

in the angular form of the pallial sinus and in the margins

being curiously sculptured instead of smooth. The two

groups of shells can, in fact, be defined in the same generic

terms, with distinct subgeneric differences. At present we

do not know anything about the animal of Gomphina, ahd it

may be found that its mantle-lobes are united below and that

known as Gemma, Parastarte, and Psephidia. 479

it has the same method of protecting its young. Until it has

been proved that the animals are different, it seems to me

more convenient to group them together in one genus.

4, Aco.us, J-Br., 1913,

In 1910 Messrs, Cooper and Preston, describing some

“New Species of Shells from the Falkland Islands” *,

referred one of them to “ Psephis” under the name of

P. foveolata. By the kindness of Mr. J. EK. Cooper I have

been able to examine good specimens of this species, and find

that it ditfers in several important respects from Psephidia

(i. e., Psephis). The dentition of the left valve is similar,

except that the posterior tooth is shorter and more oblique ;

but in the right valve there are only two teeth, equally

divergent from the umbo, and evidently representing the

normal posterior and median, so that the anterior is obsolete.

There is only a slight inflection of the pallial line, not a real

sinus, and the valve-margins are smooth, showing no trace of

crenulation or striation except on the dorsal slopes.

‘These dorsal slopes have peculiar features: the left ante-

rior and the right posterior margins are grooved as usual, but

more narrowly than in Psephidia; the left posterior margin

is raised into a low ridge, which is longitudinally but irregu-

larly striated, and the opposing margin of the right valve is

not only grooved, but correspondingly striated inside the

groove. ‘These fine striations can only be properly seen

under a 1-inch objective.

From the above description it will be seen that the shell

referred to Psephidia by Messrs. Cooper and Preston differs

from the type of that genus in the following particulars :—

(1) in the smooth ventral margins; (2) in the peculiar

striation of the posterior dorsal margins ; (3) in the absence

of a left anterior tooth ; (4) in the absence of a pallial sinus.

These differences are, in fact, greater than those between

Gemma and Parastarte, and are quite too great to allow of

the shell being regarded as merely a species of Psephidia.

It must therefore rank as a subgenus, and as it will require a

new name, I now propose that of Acolus, from dkoXos, a

crumb or morsel.

Since, however, I have already proposed to place Psephidia

as a subgenus of Gomphina, and since Acolus can equally

well be brought under the same generic definition, 1 will

conclude by giving a formal definition of the genus Gomphina

and the subgenera which may be attached to it.

* Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 8, vol. v. p. 110 (1910).

480 On Gemma, Parastarte, and Psephidia.

Genus GoMPHINA, Mérch.

Shell trigonal or oval, smooth or concentrically striated,

Lunule superficial and circumscribed, but escutcheon not

defined. Inner ventral margins smooth or tangentially

grooved, Anterior left and posterior right dorsal margins

grooved to receive the bevelled and ridged edges of the

opposite valve. Hinge-plate short and triangular; teeth

divergent, generally three in each valve, the median of both

generally grooved. Pallial sinus small. Pedal scar separate

from that of adductor.

Gomphina, s. s.—Type, Venus donacina, Chem.

Shell trigonal, nearly smooth, and nearly equilateral.

Three cardinal teeth in each valve, medians feebly grooved ;

the left posterior confluent with the nymph and sometimes

rugose, as also is the right nymph. Pallial sinus short and

rounded. Valve-margins smooth.

Subgenus Psrpurpt1A, Dall, 1902.

Type, Psephis lord’, Baird.

Shell small, subtrigonal and subequilateral, smooth.

Hinge with three teeth in each valve, both medians grooved,

left postelior separated from the nymph. Inner margins

tangentially grooved and microscopically crenulated., Pallial

sinus short, triangular,

Subgenus Liocyma, Dall, 1887.

Type, Venus fluctuosa, Gould.

Shell oval, inequilateral, oblique, concentrically striate.

Three teeth in each valve, the medians feebly grooved or

entire. Nymphs smooth. Pedal scar not quite separate

from adductor. Valve-margins smooth. Pallial sinus short

and rounded.

Subgenus Acoxvs, J-Br., 19138.

Type, Psephis foveolata, C. & P.

Shell small, trigonal, equilateral, finely striated. Teeth

three in the left valve, the median prominent, triangular, and

bifid ; two in the right valve, the anterior absent, the median

grooved, and the posterior entire. Dorsal margins irregularly

striated, but ventral margins smooth. Pedal scar separate

from the adductor. Pallial line only slightly flexed.

On Rhynchotragus damarensis variani, subsp. n. 481

LVIII.—Rhynchotragus damarensis variani, subsp. n.

By R. E. Draxe-Brocxman, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., F.Z.S.

I watery received from Mr. H. F. Varian, from Lobito,

Angola, Portuguese South-West Africa, a dik-dik which

differs somewhat from the typical R. damarensis, Giinther.

The general colour of this dik-dik is brighter and richer

than that of the type-specimen, which was obtained nearly

three degrees to the south, at Omaruru, in German East

Africa. In the present form the pale buffy cinnamon of the

flanks extends on to the chest and abdomen, and does not

fade to white as in the type. The grizzling of the back is

darker, as also are the bases of the long hairs of the back,

while the hairs themselves are shorter and more ‘ stubbly ”

than those in the type-specimen.

The bases of the long hairs of the crest are considerably

darker than in R. damarensis.

There is, unfortunately, no skull to the only other specimen

of this race in the British Museum, the immature specimen

presented by G. W. Penrice, which was shot on the Coporole

River, Angola; so I propose to make Mr. Varian’s care-

fully preserved specimen the type of this northern race, for

which I propose the name R. damarensis variani.

There is httle or no difference in the general coloration of

Penrice’s immature specimen and Varian’s.

The following are the measuremeuts, taken by Mr. H. F.

Varian in the flesh :—

inches,

Beto shoul der? 4/044 Ae ced sie eae Nea 15}

GIFU, OF GHOSE. 2. 0. Wee hes » sivrs he once home eee 15

Diprot nose to shoulders Vas waases a hose veteves 12

x Pe: BOSCH ORI NS og. 5'a, eos) wlel « 6! aah aeopeear ars 26

8 Spd CUCL ONTAD .°3 dhe’. . Ueland uaa 274

Girth @enecie (middle), 15). a» tews't ts < osldweaaele bat 5

PE AIMICREOMN UD atta. otctc!5,e'4 u,5- Gach 4 nse qian ear ae ae wae 2 a

Joa '> DAR I Pane ee Mee ECE NOT ee croCe 3

Weight? (uncleaned )iisAoaenw stad se dads daletats ate 9 lbs.

Horns : inches,

Bonechi, Pipi gamer aaah sae, 0 qo hice 6c 6 ahs «ore « 23

a Lets eaartte ey ao cart oN aoe ieee ot 22

Ofsrimiference st base: a9.) Reed 3 se ae 4

PRUNE pn hejdeod xu «, Sse a Gols PM ker a al 3 dole S

Skull-measurements—The following are the comparative

482 Mr. G. A. Boulenger on new

measurements between the skulls of the type-specimen of

R. damarensis and the present subspecies :—

R. damarensis, KR. d. variant,

mm mm,

Total length fof sill) 423 i el a 118

Basal Aen gen: 4 nypiciden ae es Sia i 99

Condylo-basal length ............ ~~ 105

Greatest width) 24 koi vee talons 38 56

Anterior edge of orbit to gnathion.. 57 53

Posterior _,, 33 4. wa pees 81

Thength of masals aie. Faetioys oypb yee 25°5 19

WAG Siy.a: cha he kee eee er ene eas 10°5 10

Least width between orbits........ 41 38

Upper cheek-teeth ..00..0.....<: 33'5 39

Length of palate in middle line.... 55 52°5

Greatest width of palate .......... 18°5 185

Tip of nasals to gnathion.......... 32 32

Anterior part of interparietal suture

folgnathion Fink esas. ott eke 89 84

In the skull of R. damarensis variani there is a very well-

marked interparietal suture.

Mr. Varian has very kindly presented the above specimen,

which includes skin, skull, and entire skeleton, to the British

Museum of Natural History.

LIX.—Descriptions of Five new Cichlid Fishes from Africa.

By G. A. BouLenGER, F'.R.S.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Tilapia steindachnert.

Depth of body nearly equal to length of head, 24 to 3

times in total length. Head a little more than twice as long

as broad; snout with convex upper profile, as long as broad

or a little longer than broad, as long as postocular part of

head ; eye 33 (young) to 43 times in length of head, equal

to interorbital width or to suborbital depth ; mouth moderate,

about 2 width of head, extending to between nostril and eye;

teeth small, in 3 series, 40 to 60 in duter row of upper jaw ;

4 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part equal to

or a little less than diameter of eye. Gill-rakers short, 12 to

14 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XLV-XV 12-13 ;

spines equal in length from the sixth or seventh, 4 to not

quite } length of head; longest soft rays about $ length of

Cichlid Fishes from Africa. 483

head. Anal IIT 8-9; third spine as long as and stronger

than last dorsal. Pectoral 3 2 to length of head, nearly

reaching vertical of origin of anal. Ventral reaching vent or

anal. Caudal truncate. Caudal peduncle as long as or

slightly longer than deep. Scales cycloid, 31-33 & st

=; lateral

lines 23%. Brownish above, silvery white beneath; soft

dorsal and caudal with small red spots.

Total length 125 mm.

Several specimens from Dongwenna Swamp and Que River,

Angola, obtained by Dr, W. J. Ansorge in 1907.

Closely allied to 7. ovalis, Stdr.

Tilapia luculle.

Depth of body equal to length of head, 3 times in total

length. Head a little more than twice as long as broad;

snout with straight upper profile, as long as postocular

part of head, longer than eye, which is 4 “times in length

of head, equals interorbital width, and a little exceeds least

depth of preorbital; mouth rather large, 2 width of head,

extending nearly to below anterior border of eye; end of

maxillary exposed ; teeth in 3 series, outer moderately large,

AG in outer row of upper jaw; 3 or 4 series of scales on the

cheek, width of scaly part a little less than diameter of eye.

Gill-rakers short, 9 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal

XVI 9-10; last spine longest, not quite 4 length of head,

longest soft rays $ to 3. Anal III 8-9; third spine nearly

as long as last dorsal. Pectoral # length of head, not

extending to vertical of origin of anal. Ventral reaching

vent or origin of anal. Caudal rounded. Caudal peduncle

13 times as long as deep. Scales finely denticulate, 32-

33 oa ; lateral lace? = aa Brownish; dorsal and caudal with

round blackish spots, the former with a dark brown longi-

tudinal band in its upper portion ; male with the mouth and

ventrals blackish (dark blue in life), and a few large bright

ocellar spots on the anal.

Total length 115 mm.

Three specimens from the Luculla River, Angola, collected

by Dr. W. J. Ansorge in 1910.

Allied to 7. calliptera, Gthr.

Paratilapia corbali.

Depth of body 2} to 23 times in total length, length of

head 2? times. Head twice as long as broad, with steep,

nearly straight upper profile ; snout rounded, as long as

484 On new Cichlid Fishes from Africa.

broad or a little broader than long, shorter than postocular

part of head ; eye as long as snout, 34 times in length of

head, equal to interorbital width and exceeding preeorbital

depth; mouth extending to below anterior border of eye;

teeth rather small, in 5 or 6 series, 50 to 56 in outer series of

upper Jaw ; 4 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part

equal to or a little less than diameter of eye. Gill-rakers

short, the largest bifid, 9 on lower part of anterior arch.

Dorsal XIV 11-12; spines equal from the eighth, a little

less than $ length of head, longest soft rays 2 to 2 length of

head. Anal III 8; third spine 4 to 2 length of head.

Pectoral as long as or a little longer than head, extending

to vertical of origin of anal. Ventral produced into a long

filament, extending beyond origin of anal. Caudal truncate.

Caudal peduncle much deeper than long. Scales cycloid,

29 ae lateral lines . Brownish, young with five

indistinet darker cross-bars, and a large dark brown blotch

below the last rays of the spinous dorsal; a black opercular

spot ; small light spots on the dorsal and caudal.

Total length 150 mm.

Two specimens from the Corbal River at Chitole, Portu-

guese Guinea, obtained by Dr. W. J. Ansorge in 1910.

Apparently nearly related to P. dorsalis, Pellegr.

Pelmatochromis multiocellatus.

Depth of body equal to length of head, which is 2 times in

total length. Head 23 times as long as broad ; snout as long

as broad, with slightly convex upper profile, 14 times as long as

eye, which is 4 times in length of head, equals interorbital

width, and slightly exceeds preorbital depth ; mouth rather

large, extending to below anterior border of eye; 2 series of

teeth, outer rather large, 50 in upper jaw; 4 series of scales

on the cheek, width of scaly part equal to diameter of eye.

Gill-rakers very short, 9 on lower part of anterior arch.

Dorsal XVI 10; spines increasing in length to the last,

which measures ? length of head; longest soft ray about %

length of head. Anal III 9; third spine stronger but a little

shorter than last dorsal. Pectoral 3 length of head, not

reaching vertical of origin of anal. Ventral reaching vent.

Caudal rounded. Caudal peduncle a little longer than deep.

Scales strongly denticulate, 32 %; lateral lines $. Brown

above, whitish beneath ; a blackish opercular spot; a

blackish bar below anterior third of eye; dorsal and caudal

fins with very numerous small ocellar spots forming single

series betwecn the rays; anal fin with a few large ocelli.

Total length 120 mm.

On undescribed Species of Cicadidee. 485

A single specimen from the Luculla River, Angola,

obtained by Dr. W. J. Ansorge in 1910.

Closely allied to P. darling?, Blgr.

Pelmatochromis annectens.

Depth of body 22 to 22 times in total length, length of

head 24 times. Head twice as long as broad; snout

rounded, with convex upper profile, broader than long, as

long as eye, which is 33 times in length of head, equals

interorbital width, and exceeds preeorbital depth; mouth

moderate, extending to between nostril and eye; teeth in

3 or 4 series, outer rather large, 50 to 66 in upper jaw; 3or

A series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part less than

diameter of eye. Gill-rakers short, 9 or 10 on lower part of

anterior arch. Dorsal XV 9-10; spines gradually increasing

in length to the last, which measures nearly 4 length of

head ; median soft rays produced, aslong as head. Anal III

7-8 ; third spine a little shorter than last dorsal. Pectoral

2 length of head, not reaching vertical of origin of anal.

Ventral reaching origin of anal or beyond. Caudal rounded.

Caudal peduncle much deeper than long. Scales cycloid,

28-29 |; lateral lines . Dark brown, with four

blackish vertical bars on the side ; blackish spots may be

present on the back, alternating with the bars; a black

opercular spot ; fins dark grey, posterior part of dorsal and

anal, and greater part of caudal with numerous small dark

aud light spots.

Total length 85 mm.

Two specimens from the Lower Niger, presented by Mr. J.

Paul Arnold (¢/. his article in Wochenschr. Aq.-Terr. 1913,

no. 37, p. 661, fig.).

Connects P. arnoldi, Blgr., with P. ansorgi?, Blegr.

~LX.—Undeseribed Species of Cicadidee.

By W. L. Distant.

THE principal material for the present short paper is a small

collection of Cicadide made by Mr. Horace Brown at Cue,

N.W. Australia, and forwarded to me by my friend

Mr. Walter W. Froggatt of the Entomological Branch of

the Department of Agriculture, Sydney, N.S.W. The types

ot these new species are all in the British Museum.

Pycna nigeriana, sp. n.

Head, pronotum, and mesonotum ochraceous, lateral and

486 Mr. W. L. Distant on

posterior margins of pronotum paler. Head with two large

spots to front, and a spot on each lateral margin of vertex

castaneous, area of the ocelli biack, with a small curved black

spot on each side of same; pronotum with the fissures, a

central subbasal spot, extreme basal margin, and the

posterior lateral margins black; mesonotum with four

obconical spots, the two central ones smallest, a central

arrow-shaped spot lunately widened at base, and two trans-

versely waved spots near posterior margin black or piceous,

at anterior margin between the central and lateral spots

a small ochraceous spot with black margins; abdomen above

castaneous ; body beneath and legs dull ochraceous, more or

less greyishly pilose; tegmina brownish, opaque, the apical

area more or less hyaline, a pale spot in radial area, another

below it in fourth ulnar area, an irregular pale fascia crossing

first, second, and third ulnar areas, pale spots on each side

of the transverse veins at apices of ulnar areas, and pale

and brown spots at apices of veins to apical areas; wings

brownish ochraceous, darkening towards the hyaline outer

margin ; head (including eyes) only a little more than two-

thirds the width of base of mesonotum; pronotal lateral

margins angularly ampliated, the angular apices only about

reaching base of tegminal basal cells ; costal membrane of

teemina prominently arched at base and moderately dilated,

a little broader than costal area; face broad, moderately

tumid, profoundly longitudinally sulcate and laterally strongly

transversely striate; rostrum reaching base of abdomen;

tibize and tarsi more or less castaneous, posterior tibia

strongly spinose; opercula in male short, transversely oblique,

well separated internally, apical margins truncately rounded,

not passing base of abdomen.

Long., excl. tegm., ¢ 25 mm. ; exp. tegm. 76 mm.

Hab. N. Nigeria; Zungeru and Kano (Dr. W. B.

Johnson, Brit. Mus.).

Allied to P. neavei, Dist.

Cryptotympana exalbida.

Cryptotympana exalbida, Dist. Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 92, t. xii.

f. 12, a, 6 (1891); id. Faun. Brit. Ind., Rhynch. ii, p. 86 (1906).

My knowledge of this species was confined to eight female

specimens derived from Sikhim and Nilgiri Hills. My. E.

K. Green has now presented us with a male specimen

from Ceylon, which enables the characters of that sex to be

described.

?. Opercula ochraceous, a little longer than _ broad,

centrally moderately overlapping, their apices extending to

posterior margin of the second abdominal segment, outer

undescribed Species of Cicadide. 487

margins nearly straight, apices narrowed and _ obtusely

rounded, inner margins oblique.

Long., excl. teem., 38 mm. ; exp. tegm. 106 mm.

Hab. Ceylon; Oduchuddan (Green).

Abricta noctua, sp. n.

Body above black, palely Riese ; ocelli red; a large spot

occupying® each lateral area of the pronotum dull dark

ochraceous; the margins of two central anterior spots and

the whole of two elongate spots—one of which occupies each

lateral marginal area—to the mesonotum castaneous ; abdo-

men somewhat longly palely pilose; face black, the trans-

verse ridges more or less castaneous ; sternum thickly palely

pilose ; legs ochraceous, more or less streaked with black ;

abdomen black, strongly palely pilose on each lateral area,

an ochraceous spot on each side of apical segment; tegmina

and wings hyaline ; tegmina with the venation mostly black,

the costal membrane ochraceous, the upper apical cell and

the bases of the second, third, and fourth apical cells piceous

or black; wings with the venation ochraceous, the margins

of the abdominal area brownish ochraceous ; head (including

eyes) about as broad as base of mesonotum, head with front

subprominent, in breadth about equal to length of lateral

margins of vertex, vertex longer than front ; rane convexly

prominent, central longitudinal sulcation narrow, transveise

striations distinct; rostrum about reaching posterior COXR

opercula transverse, apically rounded, not meeting internally

nor passing base of abdomen ; tegmina with transverse vein

at base of second apical area oblique.

Long., excl. tegm., ¢ 22 mm. ; exp. tegm. 58 mm.

Hab. N.W. Australia, Cue Ci. W. Brown, type in Brit.

Mus.).

Parnkalla magna, sp. n.

Head black, palely pilose ; pronotum and mesonotum dark

castaneous, palely pilose ; a central longitudinal line and

extreme posterior margin to pronotum narrowly pale dull

ochraceous, subposterior margin black ; mesonotum with two

small, somewhat obscure, dark obconical spots at anterior

margin ; abdomen dark castaneous, palely pilose, posterior

seomental margins dull ochraceous ; sternum thickly, longly,

palely pilose ; an ochraceous line between face and eyes;

legs dull ochraceous ; tegmina and wings hyaline; tegmina

with the veins mostly piceous, costal membrane and post-

costal area piceous, inwardly ochraceous, a black fascia

crossing bases of first, second, third, and fourth apical areas ;

wings with the veins paler than those of tegmina; vertex

with two distinct longitudinal ridges between the ocelli, head

488 Mr. W. L. Distant on

as long as pronotum, including eyes about as wide as base

of mesonotum; face prominent, lateral transverse striations

distinct, not centrally longitudinally or very obsoletely suleate;

anterior femora strongly spined beneath ; tegmina long and

slender, more than three times longer than broad; opercula

small and transverse, centrally meeting.

Long., excl. tegm., j 14 mm.; exp. tegm. 45 mm.

Hab. N.W. Australia; Cue (H. W. Brown, type Brit.

Mus.).

Diemeniana richest, sp. 2.

Body above black, palely pilose ; lateral margins of vertex,

sulcation between the ocelli, two discal, longitudinal, angulated

spots to mesonotum, basal area of cruciform elevation, and

posterior segmental margins olivaceous brown ; body be-

neath and legs dull dark ochraceous; face (excluding

margins), head between face and eyes, longitudinal streaks

to coxee and femora, apex of rostrum, annulations to tibia,

basal margins of opercula, base of abdomen, and a central,

longitudinal, macular fascia to same black ; tegmina pale,

shining, bronzy brown with scattered small testaceous

mottlings, venation more or less brownish ochraceous,

costal membrane dark testaceous, a black spot with testa-

ceous margins in the fourth ulnar area, and a large black

spot crossing bases of first, second, and third apical areas ;

wings hyaline with testaceous and ochraceous mottlings;

head (including eyes) a little narrower than base of meso-

notum, strongly sulcated between the ocelli; pronotum

centrally longitudinally sulcated ; tympana entirely exposed ;

opercula in male transverse, neaily reaching base of first

abdominal segment, posterior margins rounded; rostrum

reaching the intermediate coxee; tegmina almost half as

broad as long, basal cell about twice as long as broad.

Long., excl. tegm., ¢ 18 mm. ; exp. tegm. 41 mm.

Hab. Australia, Southern N.S.W., Coomu (Dr. Riches,

type Brit. Mus.).

The only other at present known species of this genus is

from ‘Tasmania.

PARAGUDANGA, gen. nov.

Ilead (including eyes) about as wide as base of meso-

notum, the front broad, depressed, broader than long, almost

continuous with lateral margins of vertex, about as long as

vertex, pronotum about as long as head, its lateral margins

nearly straight but rounded anteriorly, its posterior angles

moderately ampliated, mesonotum (including cruciform

elevation) as long as head and pronotum together ; abdo-

undescribed Species of Cicadidee. 489

men in male longer than space between apex of head and

base of cruciform elevation ; tympana entirely exposed ;

opercula in male short, transverse, widely separated, not

extending beyond basal segment of abdomen; rostrum

reaching the intermediate coxe ; tegmina semiopaque, three

times longer than greatest breadth, costal margin neither

arched nor gibbous, basal cell about twice as long as broad,

apical areas eight; wings with six apical areas; anterior

femora not prominently spined beneath.

Allied to Gudanga, Dist., but with the head (including

eyes) not narrower than base of mesonotum, mesonotum

(including cruciform elevation) as long as head and pronotum

together, rostrum only reaching intermediate coxee, tegmina

three times longer than broad, &c.

Paragudanga browni, sp. n.

Head, pronotum, and mesonotum black ; pronotum with

narrow anterior and posterior margins, a narrow central

longitudinal line, and two central spots near base olivaceous

brown ; mesonotum with the margins of two central ob-

conical spots and the basal cruciform elevation olivaceous

brown ; abdomen above testaceous, the base, a central

ae nnatza fascia, and the lateral margins (narrowly)

black ; sternum black, palely pilose ; lateral and apical

margins of face, discal suffusions, and cox ochraceous ;

abdomen beneath ochraceous, a central longitudinal fascia

and the lateral margins (narrowly) black; legs black,

streaked with ochraceous ; tegmina pale fuscous brown, the

veins and costal membrane ochraceous, the veins margined

with dark fuscous brown ; wings sanguineous, nearly apical

third and posterior margin pale fuscous brown; vertex

distinctly sulcated between the ocelli ; face broadly, centrally,

longitudinally suleate, the margins of the sulcation sinuous ;

opercula broader than long, their apices roundly truncate ;

other structural characters as in generic diagnosis.

Long., excl. tegm., g¢ 20 mm.; exp. teem, 41 mm.

Hab. N.W. Australia, Cue (H. W. ‘Brown, type Brit.

Mus.).

Melampsalta cuensis, sp. n.

Body and legs virescent ; ocelli red; eyes castancous ;,

tegmina and wings hyaline, ‘the venation virescent, extreme

bases of both tegmina and wings ochraceous ; vertex longer

than front, longitudinally incised between the ocelli; face

moderately globose, central longitudinal sulcation narrow,

the transverse striations not strongly pronounced; rostrum

reaching the intermediate coxve ; tegmina nearly three times

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xii. 35

490 On undescribed Speeies of Cicadide.

as long as broad, upper vein to lower ulnar area and lower

vein to radial area fused for about a space equal to two-thirds

the length of basal cell.

Long., excl. tegm., 9 18 mm.; exp. tegm. 50 mm.

Hab. N.W. Australia, Cue (H. W. Brown, type in Brit.

Mus.}.

Melampsalta sancta, sp. n.

Head black, margins and centre of front, a lateral spot to

vertex, and a spot between the ocelli ochraceous ; pronotum

brownish ochraceous, fissures black, a central longitudinal

fascia and the posterior margin ochraceous; mesonotum

brownish ochraceous, with six black spots, the two central

obconical and fused, on each side of these a small triangular

spot and a long fasciate spot near each lateral margin, a

small round black spot in front of each anterior angle of the

cruciform elevation ; abdomen above black, the posterior

margins of the segments broadly ochraceous; body beneath

and legs ochraceous, central area of face and the ridges,

cheeks, and a longitudinal line to femora black ; vertex

longer than front, sulcate between ocelli ; face longitudinally

suleate for two-thirds its length, transverse ridges fine but

distinct ; rostrum reaching the intermediate coxz ; tegmina

and wings hyaline, venation ochraceous or black, extreme

bases of both ochraceous; tegmina about two and a half

times as long as broad, upper vein to lower ulnar area and

lower vein to radial area fused for a space about half the

length of basal cell.

Long., excl. tegm., 9 16 mm. ; exp. tegm. 45 mm.

Hab. N.W. Australia, Cue (1. W. Brown, type in Brit.

Mus.).

Kobonga froggatti, sp. n.

Head black, ocelli red, base of front with three small

ochraceous spots, vertex with a small ochraceous spot between

the ocelli; pronotum castaneous, the anterior margin (nar-

rowly), the posterior margin (broadly), and a central narrow

longitudinal fascia bright ochraceous, the lateral margins,

subanterior and subposterior margins, and margins of the

central pale fascia black ; mesonotum castaneous, four

obconical spots (the two central shortest and the lateral spots

very long), and the area of the basal cruciform elevation

‘black ; metasternal margins ochraceous; abdomen above

black, posterior segmental margins ochraceous ; body beneath

black, broad lateral margins to face, coxe and trochanters

(more or less), femora beneath, two longitudinal fascia, and

margins of anal appendage ochraceous ; tegmina and wings

hyaline, tegmina with the venation and costal membrane

On new Species of Apide. 491

castaneous, postcostal margin, apical and inner margins

narrowly fuscous, bases of first, second, and third apical

areas infuscated; wings with narrow fuscous margins as in

tegmina, the venation pale castaneous; ulnar areas to

tegmina ‘about half as long again as apical areas ; rostrum

reaching the intermediate coxe; face broad, narrowly

centrally suleated, the transverse ridges acute - anterior

femora strongly spined beneath.

Long., excl. tegm., 2 31 mm. ; exp. tegm. 86 mm.

Hab. N.W. Australia, Cue (HH. W. Brown, type in Brit.

Mus.).

LXI.—Four new Species of Apide (Hymenoptera), with

Notes on other Species. By Grorrrey MEADE-WALDO,

M.A.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

IN the following paper four new species of Apide (subfam.

Megachiling) are described. ‘Che most interesting addition

s Thaumatosoma turneri, which brings the number of species

in this curious genus up to three, all described from the male

sex. Three species of Megachile are also described from

Tropical Africa. A number of notes on various species and

points in synonymy which have arisen at various times are

published now for the first time.

All types are in the British Museum, except whiere stated

to the contrary.

TTHAUMATOSOMA, F. Sm.

Thaumatosoma turneri, sp. n

do. Niger, punctatus; antennis infra mandibulisque flavis ; capite,

thorace pedibusque plerumque albido-pilosis, abdominis seg-

mentis 1—3 fasciis apicalibus interruptis albidis ; abdominis seg-

mentis 4—6 plerumque ferrugineis, segmento sexto apice dentibus

parvis instructo; alis hyalinis.

Long. 7 mm.

3. Black; antennze beneath (except the spatulate thirteenth

joint) and mandibles yellowish ; ; anterior legs on the inner

side, tergites 4 and 5 apically, both tergite and sternite 6

wholly red ferruginous. Face and clypeus covered with a

long and dense, postorbits with a sparser, whitish pile; ante-

rior margin of prothorax with two small spots of pale pubes-

cence; pleura and surface of truncation of median segment

somewhat densely clothed with pale pubescence. Abdomen

30%

492 Mr. G. Meade-Waldo on

with interrupted apical fascize on tergites 1-3, and a complete

fascia on a transverse ridge shortly before the apex of

sternite 2; legs for the most part clothed with whitish

pubescence, that on the anterior tarsi golden. Head and

thorax finely and evenly punctured, the abdomen (especially

the apical segments) more coarsely. Head massive, some-

what broader than thorax; antenne (viewed from above)

tapering towards the thirteenth joint, which is spatulate ;

joints 2 and 3 very short, about equal to joint 4; the re-

maining flagellar joints subequal. Abdominal segment 6

with an apical fringe of small tubercular processes.

Length 7 mm.

QUEENSLAND: Kuranda (type ¢ ), Mackay, on eucalyptus,

Nov. 1899 (G. and R,. EL. Turner); Port Darwin and

Baudin Is. (J. J. Walker).

Ae.

The specimen from Mackay varies slightly from the type

in having the apical fascie complete and the whole of

tergite 5 clothed with a short fulvous pubescence. It is

possible that the ferruginous colouring on the apical tergites

is only visible in specimens from which the pubescenee has

been rubbed off.

The specimens collected by Commander Walker during

the cruise of the ‘Penguin’ are recorded as 7. duboulay?,

Sm., by Cockerell (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xvi. p. 221,

1905), but he has since suggested that they are distinct from

that specics.

The three known species of this genus, all described from

males, may be separated as follows :—

1. ( Antenne stouter basally, slender apically

(with exception of spatulate terminal

WOUit) woke wu wie ae rer a Wy

~ Antenne slender, linear (except spatu-

late thirteenth joint), tergite 4 clothed

| with ferruginous pubescence. L. [ Australia.)

IES BS sch oc SARE ee, coe EON Re gore duboulay?, Smith. (West

2. ( Basal flagellar joints strongly contrasted

to apical joints, the four subapical

joints quite filiform ; abdominal ster-

nite 1 armed with two massive blunt

tubercles; seventh abdominal seg-

ment medially strongly carinate,

carina produced to form a short spine,

sides of segment produced to form

blunt teeth on each side; finely [(Rangoon.)

punetured s/s 1y59 amin: aie. fies ee burmanicum, Bingh.

Antenne gradually narrowing towards

apex; abdominal sternite 1 simple ;

somewhat coarsely punctured. L. [land.)

rat MIL. ae eee sins deme seeeees Curnert, sp. n. (Queens-

new Species of Apidee. 493

MEGACHILE, Latr.

Megachile silverlocki, sp. n.

Q. Nigra; area postoculari, pleuris sternoque sparsim, segmento

mediano, tergitibus 1-3 lateribus, albido-pilosis ; tergitibus 3-5

fasciis apicalibus, 6 omnino ferrugineo-hirtis; scopa ferruginea,

apice pallidiori, metatarsis ili. ferrugineis intus aurantiaco-

hirsutis ; clypeo medio longitudinaliter carinato ; alis fuscis.

Long. 13 mm.

Black; the area behind the eyes, pleura and sternum

sparsely, median segment, and tergites 1-3 postero-laterally

clothed with white pubescence; tergites 3-5 with apical

fascie of ferruginous pubescence, tergite 6 entirely clothed

with ferruginous pubescence. Tarsi on the outside covered

with a pale fulvous pile; metatarsus ili. ferruginous, on the

inside clothed with golden pubescence. Scopa ferruginous,

paler basally. Wings dark fuscous. Whole insect covered

with fine even punctures, with the exception of the mandibles

and clypeus, where it is coarser.

Clypeus convex, truncate, with a conspicuous, median,

longitudinal keel.

Oe 250d o-

Length 13 mm.

&.- Similar to 2 in general facies, but smaller. Clypeus

densely covered with white pubescence ; abdomen apically

bidentate ; anterior coxe and tarsi simple.

Hab. NortH Ruopesia: 70 miles W. of Kariba Gorge,

vi. 1910 (2 type); Algoa and Mburumu, v. 1910, 2 2 9

(O. C. Silverlock) ; Upper Luangwa River and Niamadzi

River, vii. and viii. 1910 (S. A. Neave). BELGIAN CONGO:

Sankisia, ix. 1911, ¢ 2; Bukama, iv. 1911,2 2? 2? (Dr.d.

Bequaert).

Co-types in Musée du Congo Belge.

Megachile mlanjensis, sp. n.

@. Nigra, facie prothoraceque nigro-, sterno, pleuris, segmento

mediano, segmento abdominali primo pedibusque plerumque

albido-hirsutis ; tergitibus 2-6 ferrugineo-pubescentibus ; scopa

ferruginea ; tarsis intermediis metatarsisque li. intus ferrugineo-

hirtis ; capite gibboso, thorace latiori; clypeo brevi, plano; alis

fuscis, venis ferrugineis.

Long. 20 mm,

?. Black ; the face and prothorax with black pubescence ;

pleura, sternum, median segment, tergite 1, and legs for the

most part clothed with white pubescence; tergites 2-6

494. Mr. G. Meade-Waldo on

entirely clothed with ferruginous pilosity. Scopa ferruginous.

Intermediate tarsi altogether and metatarsus iil. on the inside

clothed with ferruginous hair. Head subnitidulous, massive,

wider than the thorax ; clypeus flat, twice as broad as long ;

mandibles thick, 4-toothed. The whole insect uniformly

covered with fine punctures, but only the head nitidulous ;

the thorax glabrous.

Length 20 mm.

Hab. NYASALAND: Mlanje, 4. xii. 1912 (S. A. Neave).

The following species have a strong superficial resemblance

to one another, owing to the general similarity in the colora-

tion of their pubescence. ‘They may be separated as

follows :—

Black; metathorax with whitish and abdo-

men with a varying amount of whitish

and reddish pubescence; wings fuscous.

1. (2) Head very massive. Length20mm. Cly-

peus considerably broader than long;

mandibles massive, 4-toothed; seg-

ments 2-6 clothed with reddish

pubescence ; scopa reddish ........ M. mlanjensis, sp. n.

2. (1) Head normal. Length 13-17 mm.

3. (4) Clypeus with a longitudinal carina.

Longth haan. sano 'e bs epee oe Hae M, silverlocki, sp. n.

4, (8) Clypeus without a carina. Length 15-

LY TRU oust spe ae Sees Ree M. nigrifacies, Vach.

( =? cradockensis, FY.).

M. chrysorrhea, Gerst., and M. luangwe, M.-Waldo (sub-

genus Eumegachile), belong to this group as regards colour-

pattern.

Megachile (Humegachile) sankisie, sp. n.

intus aureo-, clypei lateribus, area postoculari, pleuris, metanoto,

abdominis fasciis apicalibus, preecipue lateribus, scopaque griseo-

pubescentibus ; tarsis intus pallide flavis; alis subfuscis, basi

hyalinis ; mandibulis forcipatis, apice latioribus, vix dentatis ;

terg. 240 et 34° sulcis transversis mediis instructis ; labro rugoso,

sulco longitudinali, lato, subnitido.

Long. 15 mm.

3. Similis 9, sed tarsis anterioribus dilatatis coxisque anteriori-

bus inermibus ; antennarum articulo ultimo spatulato, acuto.

Black, shining, especially the mesonotum and abdomen ;

mandibles within fringed with bright golden-brown hairs ;

———- 9

new Species of Apide. 495

base of mandibles, the clypeus at sides, the area behind the

eyes, mesopleura sparsely, and lateral angles of median

segment profusely, clothed with griseous pubescence, more

profuse at the sides ; ventral scopa griseous. Pubescence on

the inner side of all the tarsi faintly fulvous.

Wings fusco-violaceous, hyaline at apex.

Postscutellum dull, impunctate, the whole otherwise weakly

punctured ; clypeus extremely short, truncate, with a broad

blunt tubercle medially, the surface of the truncation shining ;

mandibles arched, broadest at apex, which is faintly 4-toothed ;

labrum rugose, a broad longitudinal median furrow, shining,

almost impunctate.

Length 15 mm.

3. Similar to 2; anterior tarsi dilated, pale testaceous ;

anterior coxe simple; terminal joint of antenne spatulate,

acute.

Hab. Betatan Conco: Sankisia, viii., ix., 1911 (Dr.

Bequaert), 4 22,4 $d, type in Congo Museum, co-types

in British Museum ; Lualaba River, 2500-4000 tt. (S. A.

Neave), 1 3.

Nomiorpes, Schenck.

Nomiordes pulchella, Schenck, Jahrb. Ver. Naturk. Nassau, xxi., xxii.

p. 312 (1867-8) (1870). oS.

Ceratina cerea, Nurse, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Ixx. p. 152 (1902). g.

Nomioides curvilineata.

Ceratina curvilineata, Cam. Bombay Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. xvii.

p. 1003 (1907).

ALLODAPE, Lep.

The three species described as Prosopes by Colonel Bingham

are all referable to the above genus, two of the species having

been previously described by Frederick Smith. All three

species were in the Distant Collection, now the property of

the British Museum. ‘heir synonymy stands as tollows :—

Allodape variegata, Sm. Catal. Hymen. Brit. Mus. ii. p. 229. no. 5

(1854).

Prosopis sandaracata, Bingh. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xii. p. 49

(1903).

The types of both these species are from Natal.

Allodape cordata, Sm. Deser. New Spec. Hymen. p. 98. no. 2 (1879).

Prosopis pernix, Bingh, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xii. p. 49 (1903).

Type of A. cordata from Cape of Good Hope, A. perniz

from Natal.

496 Mr. G. Meade- Waldo on

Allodape gracilis.

Prosopis gracilis, Bingh. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xii. p. 50 (1903).

Allodape panurgoides, Sm, Catal. Hymen. Brit. Mus. ii. p. 231. no, 10

(1854).

Allodape ceratinoides, Grib. Bull. Soc. Entom., Ital. xvi. p. 269 (1884).

Specimens of A. ceratinoides from Algoa Bay, Cape

Colony, determined by Dr. Brauns, agree perfectly with

Smith’s type from “ South Africa.”

Allodape pictifrons, Sm. Catal. Hymen. Brit. Mus. ii. p. 228. no. 2

(1854).

Allodape strigata, Brauns, ? in MS.

The South African specimens (co-types of Dr. Brauns)

differ in no way from A. pictifrons from Sierra Leone.

CERATINA, Latr.

Bingham (Fauna Brit. Ind., Hymen. vol. 1.) and Cockerell

(Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. xxxi. p. 825, 1905) have dealt

respectively with Indian and American species of this genus.

‘The following two species from Hea (H. W. Bates) may be

noticed :—

Ceratina bicolorata, Sm.

Head, thorax, and abdominal segments 1-3 obscure

bronze, with purple tint, abdominal segments 4-6 greenish ;

clypeus with a deep longitudinal impressed line.

Ceratina longiceps, Sm.

Uniformly bronze-green ; clypeus produced, giving the

head a long appearance, as in some species of /ualictus

( Thrinchostoma).

Ceratina subquadrata, Sm. Catal, Hymen. Brit. Mus. p. 224, no. 7

(1854).

Ceratina sulcata, Friese, Wien. ent. Zeit. Bd. xxiv. p. 18 (1905).

Smith’s species from “SS. Africa” has priority over

C. sulcata, Fr., of which there is a co-type in the British

Museum,

Dioxys, Lep.

Aglaoapis brevipennis, Cam, Entomologist, xxxiv. p, 268 (1901).

This insect, described as the type of a new genus, from

new Species of Apide. 497

Bombay, is a typical Dioxys, very much resembling D. cincta,

Jur.

Through the kindness of Dr. G. Severin and Dr. Ee

Schouteden I have been able to examine a number of the

Vachal types contained in the Museum d’ Histoire naturelle,

Brussels, and the Congo Museum, Tervueren.

The following species require notice :—

Type in Congo Museum.

Megachile brachiata, Vach. (1909)=Mre@acwiLeE (AMEGACHILE) FIM-

BRIATA, Sm. (1853).

Types in Brussels Museum.

Megachile excesa, Vach. (1903) =MEGACHILE (AMEGACHILE) BITUBER-

CULATA, Rits. (1880).

MEGACHILE MELEs, Vach. (1903)= Megachile armatipes, Fr, (1909).

Megachile stuppea, Vach. (1903)=MEGACHILE cIncTa, IF. (1781) (type

in B.M.).

Megachile ancillula, Vach. (1903) =MEGaACHILE VENUSTA, Sm., 9 (1854)

(type in B.M.).

Megachile strictipalmis, Vach. (1903)= MEGACHILE VENUSTA, Sm., ¢.

Type-specimens of Megachile bouyssoni and M. devexa, in

both cases males, were also examined. Both come from the

same locality (Chutes de Samlia) and appear to be identical.

Possibly the females have good characters for separation.

Trigona cearina, Vach. (1903)=TRIGONA CAMEROONENSIS, Fr. (1900).

TRIGONA DENOITI, Vach. (1903) = Trigona clypeata, Fr. (1909).

Melipona punctata, D. T.

TRIGONA PUNCTATA, Sm. (1854)=Trigona mellarius, Sm. (1862)=

Trigona perilampoides, Cress. (1878).

Smith’s type of 7’. mellarius is in very poor condition, but

it is certainly co-specific with his 7. punctata, described at

an earlier date. ‘There is a specimen of TY. perilampoides in

the British Museum from Cresson’s own collection, presented

to Frederick Smith. The coarse thoracic puncturing of this

species is very characteristic.

Megachile luangwe, nom. nov.

Megachile (Eumegachile) neavet, M.-Waldo, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist.

(8) x. p. 473 (1912).

A species of Vachal’s (Ann. Soe. ent. Belge, p. 309, 1910)

had already received this specific name.

498 Mr. E. E. Austen on

LXII.—Diptera from the Falkland Islands, with Descriptions

of a new Genus and Two new Species. By Ernest E.

AUSTEN.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Tue Diptera described or mentioned below, with the exception

of two or three specimens from other sources, ferm part of a

small series of Falkland Islands insects collected and recently

presented to the British Museum (Natural History) by

Mr. Rupert Vallentin. Although no more than four species

of Diptera are represented in the collection, at least two

appear to have been hitherto undescribed ; and of these one,

which also belongs to a new genus, is of special interest as

forming an addition to the number of species of Diptera

with reduced wings already known to occur in antarctic or

subantarctic islands.

Dolichopodide.

Genus HyprorHorvs, Wahlb.

Hydrophorus sp. incert.

One 2, north-west corner of West Falkland, ‘found on

ponds ”’ (indeterminable owing to condition).

Syrphidea.

SYRPHINE,

Genus Metanostoma, Schin.

Melanostoma bertrandi, sp.n. (Fig. 1.)

3d 3.—Length, ¢ (4 specimens) 66 to 86 mm., 2

(2 specimens) 6 to 7 mm.; width of head, ¢ 225 to

2:°6 mm., 2 just over 2 to 2°4 mm. ; width of front of 2 at

vertex 0°8 mm.; length of wing, ¢ 5°75 to 75 mm., 9? 5°4

to 6°25 mm.

Allied to and in appearance resembling M. stegnum, Say,

of North and South America, but distinguishable owing to

lower margin of face in present species being more prominent

in front and to dorsum of second abdominal segment in 3 being

Diptera from the Falkland Islands. 499

without a triangular metallic spot on each side.-—Dorsum of

thorax metallic bronze-black, scutellum sometimes more bluish ;

dorsum of abdomen (except terminal segment and g hypo-

pygium, which are metallic) dull black, entirely devoid of

yellow or ochraceous * markings, but in 3 with two pairs, m

2 with three pairs of greyish, greyish-metallic, or plumbeous

lateral spots.

Fig. 1.

(oe)

Profile of head of ¢ (enlarged).

Head: profile of face and shape of antennze as shown in

fig. 1 ; head metallic bronze, with a greenish or bluish tinge

on front; face (except tubercle and portion of margin of

buccal cavity immediately below it, which are black) and

occipital region greyish pollinose, the greyish pollinose area

on face far less coarsely and conspicuously punctate than is

the case in M. stegnum, Say ; frontal and vertical triangles

in ¢ clothed with black or dark brown hair, sides of face

clothed with brownish hair in ¢ and with whitish hair in

9 , jowls and basioccipital region in both sexes clothed with

whitish hair, front in 9 clothed partly with brownish partly

with yellowish hair, posterior orbits clothed with pale hair

which becomes more yellowish above, upper portion of poste-

rior orbits in ¢ also with some dark brown hairs ; first and

second joints of antenne clove-brown, third joint dark sepia-

coloured, more or less orange-rufous or ferruginous on inner

side at base below. Thorax clothed with pale yellowish or

whitish hair, dorsal surface of scutellum in ¢ clothed with

dark brown or brownish hair, dorsum of main portion of

* For names and illustrations of colours, see Ridgway, ‘A Nomen-

clature of Colors for Naturalists’ (Boston: Little, Brown, and Company,

1886).

500 Mr. E. E. Austen on

thorax in g also sometimes largely clothed with brownish

hair. Abdomen: dorsal scutes of third and fourth segments

with a more or less rectangular, transversely elongate spot,

as described in diagnosis above, in each basal angle, the

inner extremities of one or both pairs of these spots usually

narrower ; dorsal scute of second segment in ?, but not in

g, with a similar, bluntly triangular spot on each side,

extending to basal angle but not reaching to hind margin ;

lateral margins of dorsal scute of second segment in g more

or less metallic; basal angles and sides of first segment in

both sexes more or less metallic; hair on abdomen whitish-

or yellowish white in both sexes. Wings hyaline or nearly

so (not noticeably infuscated). Halteres mummy-brown or

sepia coloured, stalks somewhat paler. Legs clove-brown,

front and middle tibize and distal two-thirds of front and

middle femora cinnamon-coloured, hind femora, hind tibie,

and first joint of middle tarsi also sometimes more or less

cinnamon-coloured.

Types of ¢ and ?, from East Falkland, and two addi-

tional ¢ ¢ and cne 2, from West Falkiand (R. Vallentin) ;

one ¢, from the “ Falkland Is.,” 1860 (7. Havers) ; and

one ¢, from East Falkland, between November, 1908, and

February, 1909 (Lieut.-Col. A. M. Reid, D.S.O.).

Melanostoma bertrandi also occurs in Patagonia, as shown

by two ¢ g in the National Collection from Valle del Lago

Blanco, Chubut (J. Koslowsky).

According to Mr. Vallentin, this species, which is seen on

the wing only in bright sunshine, is known to settlers in the

Falkland Is. as ‘‘ the bee.” The species has been named in

honour of Mrs. Rupert Vallentin (wée Bertrand), a native of

West Falkland, who first directed her husband’s attention to

the fact that this fly fertilizes the flowers of various species

of Senecio.

Tachinidae.

CALLIPHORINE.

Genus Cauirenors, Rob.-Desyv.

Calliphora erythrocephala, Mg.

One ?, West Falkland.

With regard to the occurrence of this species (the common

European Bluebottle or Blow-Fly) in the Falkland Islands,

Diptera from the Falkland Islands. 5OL

Mr. Vallentin contributes the following note :—“ The

majority of the settlers are of opinion that this pest was not

present on the Islands until the advent of the S.S. ‘ Salem-

bria, which carried frozen mutton to foreign ports. Others

state that this fly was introduced with game sent from time

to time from Monte Video. All the old settlers are agreed

that this Bluebottle was not found on the Islands when the

sheep runs were first started about 1867.”

Dryomyzide.

Przomyta™*, gen. nov.

Allied to Actora, Mg., and Paractorat, Bigot, but distin-

guished from both iter alia by the wings being relatively

minute (see fig. 2), and of dimensions so reduced that the

appendages in question are useless for flight.

Head (for profile see fig. 2, A): face slightly excavated

below each antenna, thus showing two shallow depressions

separated by a somewhat more elevated median strip ; epi-

stoma slightly protruding, but lower margin of median

portion of face not otherwise prominent ; jowls descending

considerably behind, jowls and palpi, especially in @, clothed

with long hair; vidrisse wanting ; size of bristles on vertex

and front as in Actora; eyes similar in shape to those of

Actora, but somewhat smaller ; antenne similar to those of

Actora, arista bare, small, and slender, its terminal segment

only slightly thickened at extreme base. Thorax : dorsum

flattened above, outline of scutellum as seen from above

nearly semicircular.

Thoracic chetotaxy :—Humeral, 1 (very small, short, and

inconspicuous in g, long and fine in ?). Notopleural, 2

(anterior one very small and inconspicuous in ¢). Pre-

sutural, absent in ¢, 1 or absent in 2. Supra-alar, 1 (in

& usually absent or so small as to be indistinguishable),

Post-alar, 2 (often much shorter in g than in 2). Dorso-

central, 3 (in ¢ much smaller than in 9, and, except hind-

most, usually difficult to distinguish). Prescutellar (inner

dorso-central), 1 (very small in g). Scutellar, 2 (apical

usually much the longer). Sternopleural, 2 (usually absent

in g, very slender in 2, asalsoin ¢ when present).

* meds, on foot, walking ; puta, a fly.

+ ‘ Mission Scientifique du Cap Horn,’ t. vi., Zoologie, Insectes, Dy. 38

(1888).—Founded for Paractora fuegiana, Bigot (ibid. Dv. 39), from

Tierra del Fuego.

502 Mr. E. E. Austen on

Abdomen somewhat cylindrical (from third segment

onwards) in g, flattened dorso-ventrally in ?, terminal

segments in g deflexed; g often with sickle-shaped penis

Fig. 2.

(

Pezomyia moseleyi, sp. 0., 3 (X 6). A, profile of head (enlarged).

projecting from hypopygium. Wings showing much indi-

vidual variation in shape, sometimes normal in outline,

sometimes truncate, so that distal margin forms almost a

eS LS a

Diptera from the Falkland Islands. 503

right angle with costa; veins coarse; costa without spines,

relatively coarse and stout from end of first to end of third

longitudinal vein; auxiliary (mediastinal) vein indistin-

guishable ; first longitudinal vein very coarse and stout;

anterior transverse vein frequently wanting ; posterior trans-

verse vein usually wanting, so that discal cell is incomplete,

but occasionally present. Halteres with elongate knobs.

Legs: femora swollen ; preeapical bristle present on all tibize

in 3, and at least on front and hind tibie in ?, fine and

hair-like (often difficult to distinguish from surrounding

hair) in ¢, conspicuous in ?; middle and hind tibiz with

strong curved spines of medium length at tips ; first joint

of front tarsiin ¢ armed at distal extremity, on inner side,

with a scutiform tooth of chitin.

Typical species, Pezomyia moseleyi, sp. n.

Pezomyia moseleyi, sp.n. (Fig. 2.)

3 ¢.—Length, ¢ (16 specimens) 4°75 to 9 mm., ? (7

specimens) 6 to 7 mm.; length of wing, g 1:2 to 2°75 mm.,

9 1:4to 2 mm.

Dorsum of thorax mummy-brown or sepia-coloured, humeral

calli smoke-grey or drab-grey, traces of a pair of narrow, ad-

median, greyish longitudinal stripes usually discernible on ante-

rior portion of dorsum ; abdomen clove-brown or greyish clove-

brown, in S, except at base, thickly clothed with longish, dark

brown, silky hair; legs raw sienna- or raw-umber-coloured,

conspicuously hairy in ¢.

Head (fig. 2, A) drab-grey or smoke-grey, front, except

orbits (narrowly) and ocellar triangle, darker ; epistoma

raw-umber-coloured ; front and upper portion of occipital

region clothed with minute black hairs or bristles ; jowls

thickly clothed with long dark brown hair in ¢@, in

sparsely clothed with short hair of same colour; palpi ochra-

ceous or tawny-ochraceous, spatulate at distal extremity,

clothed with long dark brown hair in ¢ and with shorter

hair in 9 ; antenne cinnamon-rufous or brownish cinnamon-

coloured, third joint mummy-brown, paler at base, first and

second joints clothed with black hairs, arista cinnamon-

coloured. Thorax: pleure and pectus greyish-cinnamon or

isabella-ccloured, mesopleurz and sometimes also sterno-

pleurze more or less slate-grey, sternopleure clothed with

dark brown hair. Abdomen: second segment in both sexes

nearly twice as long as third; abdomen in 9 sparsely clothed

504 Miscellaneous.

with blackish or dark brown hair, shorter and less fine and

silky thanin @. Wings: costa and first longitudinal vein

buff or ochraceous-buff; anterior transverse vein (when

present) and portions of third, fourth, and fifth longitudinal

veins adjacent thereto usually dark brown. AHalteres: stalks

ochraceous-buff at base, knobs cream-buff or whitish. Legs :

hair dark brown, bristles, spines, and claws black, chitinous

tooth at distal extremity of ner side of first joint of front

tarsi in ¢ black, inner side of first joint of front and hind

tarsi and of distal extremity of front and hind tibize thickly

clothed with appressed, shining ochraceous or orange-ochra-

ceous hair, under side of front tarsi with a longitudinal row

of short black spines, those at base somewhat longer, stouter,

and more conspicuous than remainder ; legs in @ hairy, but

less conspicuously so than in ¢@.

Port North (north-west corner of West Falkland),

17.1. 1910, “on arock, having been driven by the rising

tide from a mass of decaying Macrocystis.”

By desire of the collector and donor, to which the author

has much pleasure in acceding, this remarkable species has

been named in honour of the late Professor H. N. Moseley,

F.R.S., who many years ago met with what was probably the

same fly when he visited the Falkland Islands as a naturalist

on board H.M.S. ‘ Challenger ’ *.

MISCELLANEOUS.

Correction of Generic Name. By C. Forster-Coornr, M.A., Univer-

sity Demonstrator in Comparative Morphology, Cambridge.

Owine to the kindness of Dr. C. W. Andrews, of the British

Museum, and of Prof. Trouessart, of Paris, I learn that the generic

name Thaumastotherium proposed for a new genus of Perissodaciyles

in this Journal (No. 70, 1913, p. 376) is preoccupied.

The generic name Laluchitherium is therefore proposed as a

substitute.

* Cf. “Notes by a Naturalist. An Account of Observations made

during the Voyage of H.M.S. “ Challenger” round the World in the Years

1872-76, under the command of Capt. Sir G. 8. Nares, R.N., K.C.B.,

F.R.S., and Capt. F. T. Thomson, R.N.’ By H. N. Moseley, M.A.,

F.R.S. Newand Revised Edition. (London: John Murray, Albemarle

Street, 1892.) P. 168.

$“O°

THE ANNALS

MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY.

[EIGHTH SERIES.]

No. 72. DECEMBER 1913.

LXIII.— Descriptions and Records of Bees.—1.V.

By T. D. A. Cockrreti, University of Colorado.

Nomia muscosa, Cockerell.

This was described from the female; the male hardly

differs in appearance, and has the hind legs very little

modified. The hind tibiz have white hair on the outer side,

and short, shining, purplish-brown hair on the inner, only

well seen in an oblique view. The antenne are dark.

Males before me are from Mackay, Queensland, Jan.,

March, November, 1900 (Turner, 618), and New South

Wales (Nat. Mus. Victoria, 71).

Nomia hippophila purnongensis, subsp. nu.

d.—Head and thorax olive-green, with coppery tints ;

abdomen bright olive-green ; tegule fulvous (or with a

black basal shade), with pallid margins; flagellum black

above, fulvous beneath except at apex ; hind femora much

swollen, metallic green, red at apex; hind tibie mainly

green,

Length about 7 mm.

Hab, Purnong, Australia, two (Fulton; Nat. Mus. Vic-

toria, 159, 217).

N. hippophila, Ckll., is closely allied to N. flavoviridis,

Ckll., and perhaps to be regarded as a southern subspecies.

Males of N. hippophila before me are from “ Windsor,

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xii. 36

506 Mr. I. D. A. Cockerell—Descriptions and

Victoria” (French; Froggatt, 187), and near Melbourne

(F. P. Spry; Nat. Mus. Vict. 201, 202, 208, 255).

A new locality for N. flavovir idis is Wagga, N.S.W.

(Froggatt, 154).

Nomia flavoviridis cyanella, subsp. n.

$ —Length about 65 mm.

Head and thorax dark bluish green; abdomen and area

of metathorax dark greenish blue ; legs rufo-piceous, with

metallic tints, hind femora shining greenish blue; flagellum

piceous above, bright ferruginous beneath; tegule rufo-

piceous ; stigma and nervures dull brown ; ‘hind border of

mesothorax ‘with two spots of white pubescence. Tongue

dagger-shaped.

Hab. Cooktown, Queensland, October 1902 ( Turner).

Nomia flavoviridis phanerura, subsp. (sp.?) n

? —Length about 7 mm.

Head and thorax dark bluish green, area of metathorax

yellowish green ; mesothorax dull and granular, the scattered

larger punctures hard to observe, its posterior corners with

patches of white hair ; tegule large, bright apricot-colour.

Wings with the apical field distinctly dusky; stigma and

nervures red-brown. Abdomen with the first segment dark

ereen, the others practically black, but the apical depressed

parts of all the segments shining golden green ; hair-bands

on segments 2 to 4, and patches on sides of first, light

fulvous, bands on 3 and 4 very broad ; fifth segment and

apex ferruginous.

Hab. Mackay, Queensland, May 1900 (Turner, 1088).

Resembles N. gracilipes, Smith, in the red apex of abdo-

men, but differs in the colour of head and thorax, of abdo-

minal bands, Xe.

I formerly held this to be the female of true N. flavo-

viridis, but, although it resembles the male in the colour of

the tegule, I believe that the different female associated

(Turner, 434) with flavoviridis by the collector really belongs

to it. This female is larger than phanerura, and has che

mesothorax somewhat shining, with the scattered larger

punctures quite distinct. The tegule, however, are dark

brown, with hyaline borders. The abdominal hair-bands are

white, as in the male. The wings are as in the male, with

broad second s.m,

The female of genuine flavoviridis, as here interpreted, is

also before me from Brisbane, May 20, 1912 (Queensl. Mus.

Records of Bees. 5OT

62), and Stradbroke Island, Oct. 2, 1911, and Dec. 3, 1912

(Hacker ; Queens]. Mus. 24 and 78); a male comes from

Brisbane, March 25, 1912 (Hacker; Queensl. Mus. 61). A

smaller, hardly typical female is from ‘‘ Windsor, Victoria’”’

(French; Froggatt, 94), and a series of three still smaller

females, with the general coloration of var. doddii, Ckll.,

comes from Brisbane, Sept. 12, 1911, and March 18, 1912

(Hacker ; Queensl. Mus. 23 and 71), and ‘ Rutherglen,

Victoria” (French ; Froggatt, 171). When a row of the

small females, with the apical part of the abdomen golden-

green, 1s contrasted with a row of larger, darker, more blue-

green flavoviridis, it is difficult not to believe that we have

two species. I am, however, at a loss to find any really

satisfactory specific characters, and if there are really two

distinct things, it must be for the Australian entomologists

to demonstrate it.

Nomia gracilipes, Smith.

A female labelled “Gunbower” (J. A. Kershaw; Nat.

Mus. Vict. 66) agrees with Smith’s description, except that

it is about 9 mm. long. The abdomen has the first three

segments dark blue, with patches of pure white hair on the

lateral apical margins, and the remaining segments very

dark red suffused with black. The mesothorax is dull, with

seattered large punctures and small ones between them.

The species is nearest to N. australica, Smith.

Nomia merens, Smith.

This was described from ‘ Australia.” Females before me

from the National Museum of Victoria (67, 68, 257) are

labelled “Wandin” (Jarvis) and “Fern Tree Gully,”

£2, O06 (FP: Spry ).

Nomia ferricauda, sp. n.

2? .—Length about 8 mm,

Black, with the apical depression of the third abdominal

segment, and all the segments beyond, clear ferruginous ;

head broad: face with thin white hair, vertex with brownish-

white hair ; mandibles with a ferruginous patch; tongue

dagger-like ; clypeus irregularly punctured, depressed in

middle ; flagellum obsenre red beneath; mesothorax dull,

with weattered large punctures and nlimicrona extremely

minute ones ; scutellum dull and minutely granular, with

very few large punctures ; area of metathorax Soap poste-

36*

508 Mr. 'T. D. A. Cockerell—Deseriptions and

rior truncation brilliantly shining, with sparse small punc-

tures ; sides of thorax with white hair, but dorsum with

scanty black hair ; tegule piceous. Wings faintly dusky,

stigma piceous, nervures sepia ; second s.m. rather broad.

Legs dark, with pale hair, ferruginous on inner side of tarsi;

hair of tibie partly dark. Abdomen shining, very minutely

punctured; first two segments with patches of white hair on

lateral hind margins; third and following segments with

broad hands of light orange hair, but extreme sides of third

with a little white.

Hab. Brisbane, Queensland, Sept. 25, 1911, and Sept. 24,

1912 (H. Hacker; Queensl. Mus. 80, 59). One is also

labelled “ Sunnybank.”

Easily known from all other Australian species by the

black and red abdomen.

Nomia grisella, sp. n. (muscosa, subsp. ?).

? .—Length about 9 mm.

Black ; very closely allied to N. muscosa, Ckll., differing

as follows:—Third joint of labial palpi longer; mesothorax

not so hairy, the dull, very finely punctured surface visible ;

hind margins of second and following abdominal segments

light testaceous. Compared with N. gilberti, Ckil., it differs

by the strong keel down the middle of upper part of face ;

reduced metathoracic enclosure, and sides of metathorax

densely hairy right up to enclosure; very dark fuscous hair

on inner side of hind basitarsi, &e. The abdomen is much

less distinctly and strongly punctured than in muscosa,

especially on the first segment. The second s.m. is narrow,

aud the tongue is long and filiform.

Hab. Cape York, Queensland, April 1902 (Turner).

Nomia brisbanensis, sp. 1.

? .—Length 94 mm.

Black, with greyish-white pubescence, the mesothorax

and scutellum with fine grey tomentum, and numerous erect,

bristle-like, black hairs; head broad; tongue elongate

dagger-shaped ; mandibles black, stained with red about

middle; clypeus with irregular subconfluent punctures ;

front dull and granular; flagellum dark red beneath ; meso-

thorax dull and granular ; modified basal area of metathorax

a narrow transverse band, shining and cross-striated, nar-

rowed in the middle, and bounded posteriorly by a sharp rim ;

tegule of moderate size, ferruginous, with the extreme base

fuscous. Wings dusky, nervures and stigma sepia, second

Records of Bees. 509

s.m, comparatively broad. Legs dark, with light hair,

partly dark on tibiz; hair on inner side of basitarsi pale

orange to yellowish white. Abdomen dullish, the minutely

punctured surface appearing granular; a small patch of

white hair at each side of first segment, and entire or nearly

entire conspicuous white hair-bands on second to fourth ;

hair at apex dark reddish fuscous.

d .—Similar iu most respects ; eyes strongly converging

below; broad lower margin of clypeus honey-colour ; an-

tenn very long, the flagellum 5 mm., reddish and strongly

crenulate beneath ; scape red in front ; tongue as in female ;

hind margins of second and following segments pallid ; ante-

rior and middle tibiz at apex and base, and wholly in front,

hind tibize except a large patch on outer side, and all the

tarsi rather dull ferruginous ; hind femora strongly incras-

sate ; hind tibiz also thick, with an obtusely angular projec-

tion on inner side near apex.

I thought at first that this might be a colour-variety of

N. frenchi, Ckll., but the fourth ventral segment in middle is

smooth and shining, with a strong sulcus, which ends a little

before the emarginate apex; whereas the fourth ventral in

Jrenchi is roughened and shghtly ridged in middle, with a

rudimentary sulcus at extreme base.

Hab. Brisbane, Queensland (type-locality), females,

Sept. 18, 1911, and Oct. 3, 1912 (H. Hacker; Queensl.

Mus. 42, 79); Stradbroke Island, male, Dec. 3, 1912

(H. Hacker; Queeusl. Mus. 85). A female with darker

tegule and ochraceous-tinged abdominal bands is labelled

“Oakleigh, Victoria” (French; Froggatt, 183).

Closely related to N. merens, Smith, but less robust and

with much lighter tegule. In N. merens the basal area

of metathorax is not narrowed in the middle. N. generosa,

which is supposed to be the male of merens, has not enlarged

hind femora and tibie.

Euryglossa aurescens, sp. 0.

? .—Length a little over 7 mm.

Similar to £. ephippiata, Smith, but smaller, with the red

thoracic colour much lighter, inclining to orange; post-

scutellum black; wings hyaline; mesothorax less strougly

punctured,

Hab. Mackay, Queensland, Nov. 1891 (Turner, 701).

I had determined this as KH. ephippiata, but the real

species of that name is now before me (Healsville, Victoria ;

Nat. Mus. Victoria, 184), and is clearly distinct.

510 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Descriptions and

Euryglossa tridentifrons, sp. n.

¢ —Length nearly 5 mm.

Head and thorax black and chrome-yellow, with a little

pale hair; labrum, mandibles (except reddish tips), whole

of face Belon antennee, very broad lateral face-marks (ending

above middle of front), a large frontal patch (continuous

with the supraclypeal area, sending a narrow pointed process

upward, and having large lateral processes curving over the

antennae), and the cheeks all bright yellow ; antennze rela-

tively short, like those of a female ; scape yellow ; ; flagellum

light ferruginous, a little dusky ANOS: ; front dullish, verte

more s shining ; miceot hones black, not evidently punctured,

the margin and two longitudinal stripes yellow ; scutellum

black, w ‘ith the posterior margin and sides, also the axille,

yellow ; postscutellum black anteriorly, yellow posteriorly ;

metathorax black, reddish at sides, its base dullish, the

truncation shining; prothorax and pleura yellow, marked

with black ; tegule pale reddish testaceous. Wings hyaline,

stigma and nervures pale reddish ; second s.m. longer than

high, receiving the second r.n. nearer its apex than the first

to its hase. Tas yellow, the femora with dark streaks and

the hind tibiz somewhat dusky on outer side. Abdomen

dark reddish, the bases of the segments abruptly and broadly

pale red (only at sides on fourth), these basal bands possibly

yellow in life.

Hab. “‘ Nagambie, Victoria” (French; Froggatt, 194).

A distinct little species, peculiar for the combination of

yellow markings on head and thorax and reddish abdomen,

‘The trifid or tridentate frontal mark is also distinctive.

Euryylossa albocuneata, sp. 1.

? .—Length a little over 5 mm.

Very robust and compact ; head, thorax, and legs black,

with white markings ; abdomen with the hind margins of

the segments pallid; head large and broad ; middle of face

and clypeus depressed, concave; cly peus very delicately

longitudinally striate, with a median impressed line; lateral

face-marks present, consisting of large white triangles, filling

space between clypeus and eye, and “extending above to level

of antennue, the upper outer corner with a very small pro-

jection along the orbit ; flagellum short and stout, obscure

reddish beneath ; upper edge of prothorax narrowly (inter-

rupted in middle), tubercles (except a small spot), and a spot

on the reddish tegule white; mesothorax broad, dull, so

Records of Bees. 511

minutely punctured as to appear granular; metathorax

feebly shining. Wings hyaline, with sepia nervures and

stigma ; b. n. not much bent, falling a little short of t.-m. ;

second s.m. broad, receiving first r.u. very near its base and

the second not so near its apex. Knees and bases of tibiz

more or less white.

Hab. ‘ Windsor, Victoria” (French ; Froggatt, 192).

A very distinct species, not a typical Luryglossa. The

third discoidal cell is not produced apically, as it is in

LL. geminata.

Euryglossa cincticornis, sp. n.

3d .—Length nearly 7 mm.

Black, with long pale hair on face, cheeks, and anterior

femora, but hardly any hair on the dorsal surface ; head

broad; clypeus closely punctured, but shining; suture

bounding clypeus above strongly impressed; front and

vertex dull and granular; scape black ; flagellum very long,

black, with a red band covering two and a half joints above

(more below) beyond the middle ; last jomt broad, com-

pressed, shining on one side; mesothorax and scutellum

very densely punctured, but shining between the punctures ;

area of metathorax shining ; tegule piceous. Wings strongly

dusky, stigma and nervures dark reddish brown; b.n.

moderately bent, falling far short of t.-m.; second s.m. very

much broader than high, receiving first r.n. very near base

and second not quite so near apex; the outer side of third

discoidal cell, if produced upwards, would be parallel with

outer side of second s.m. Legs black, with white hair, inter-

mediate tarsal joints broad and short, with a cup-like outline.

Abdomen broad, black, with a dullish surface; seventh seg-

ment triangular, pointed, with a large, brilliantly shining,

triangular space.

Hab. Warburton, Victoria (F. P. Spry; Nat. Mus.

Victoria, 250).

Evidently related to #. nigra, Smith, but conspicuously

differing in the colour of the legs and venation. These

insects belong to the subgenus Kuryglossimorpha, Strand,

which should, perhaps, be regarded as a distinct genus.

Euryglossa apicalis, sp. n.

dé .—Length about 7 mm.

Rather slender, black, with scanty white hair, that on

cheeks only about half as long as in &, cincticornis ; facial

quadrangle much longer than broad ; mandibles with a red

512 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Descriptions and

subapical band ; clypeus shining, well punctured ; front and

vertex dull; antennz slender, black, the flagellum light

fulvous beneath except apically ; last joint not modified ;

mesothorax and scutellum shining, very distinctly and quite

closely punctured ; base of metathorax shining; pleura dull

and granular ; tegule dark brown. Wings strongly dusky,

stigma and nervures dark reddish ; b.n. falling far short of

t.-m.; first r.n. meeting first t.-c.; second r.n. meeting

second t.-c. ; second s.m. broad, but not nearly so broad as

that of EH. cincticornis. Legs black, with the knees and

anterior tibie in front ferruginous; tarsi dark reddish

brown. Abdomen with surface and colour as in FL. cincti-

cornis, but narrower ; apex pointed.

Hab. Croydon, Australia (S. W. Fulton; Nat. Mus.

Victoria, 166).

Compared with E. tenuicornis, Ckll., this differs by being

less robust, with shorter antenne and different venation.

Euryglossa inconspicua, sp. 0.

? —Length about 5 mm.

Black, robust, with scanty pale hair ; head and thorax

with very faint and obscure dark greenish tints; head

broad ; clypeus shining, punctured, pure black, contrasting

with the greenish sides of face ; front dull; flagellum rather

obscurely fulvous beneath ; mesothorax obscurely g greenish,

purplish black posteriorly, with a sericeous surface Sal very

sparse feeble punctures ; scutellum shining, very sparsely

punctured; metathorax granular, dullish; tegule testa-

ceous. Wings hyaline, nervures and stigma reddish brown,

some of the outer nervures pale ; stigma very large ; b.n.

falling short of t.-m.; second s.m. broad, but its lower side

little longer than its outer, the recurrent nervures joming it

near base and apex; the outer side of third discoidal cell, if

produced upward, would be practically parallel with outer

side of second submarginal. emara black, with red knees ;

tibiz and tarsi bright ferruginous. Abdomen broad, black,

shining, the hind margins of the segments obscurely reddish.

Hab. Purnong, Australia (S. W. Fulton; Nat. Mus.

Victoria, 222).

Curiously like Pachyprosopis atromicans, Ckll., also found

at Purnong, but differing in sculpture as well as venation,

Euryglossa fasciatella, Cockerell.

I have before me both sexes labelled ‘* Cheltenham,

Victoria” (French; Froggatt, 189, 185). The male, not

Records of Bees. 513

previously known, is about 64 mm. long, black, with much

loose long hair, which is faintly ochreous above ; ; antennee

dark, the flagellum very faintly reddish beneath ; all the tarsi

light reddish ; anterior tibiae ferruginous basally and in

front ; hind tibize chestnut-red, with glittering white hairs ;

all the knees red.

Pachyprosopis aurantipes, sp. 0.

6 .—Black, with bright orange-yellow legs and scape ;

flagellum pale fulvous, dusky above; labrum and mandibles

yellow ; 5; eyes converging below and face densely covered

with appressed, shining, light brownish-golden hair. Except

for the sexual differences, this looks exactly like P. ango-

phore, Ckll., but it seems to be a distinct species, having the

mesothorax and scutellum sparsely and feebly punctured,

whereas they are closely punctured in angophore.

Hab. “ Windsor, Victoria” (French; Froggatt, 197).

The following key separates the species of Kuryglossa and

Pachyprosopis described above from each other and from

several other species :—

Miesothoraxreds aa.esciccines ontario ct Olt

Mesothorax not red........... rere ah ae

1. Postscutellum red; wings dusky .,.... L. ephippiata, Sm.

Postscutellum black; wings clear...... E. aurescens, Ckll.

2. Mesothorax blue. (Croydon; Fulton,

Nat. Mus; Viet. 198.) 2.0.4 22% Pach. hematostoma, Ckll.

Mesothorax black (very faintly greenish

in £. mconspicua) .62.. 6.0%. s ; 3.

3. Mesothorax with yellow stripes cand

MR RREAIT a aicl ating coca s, 5 saat e oie ane, wis ae L. tridentifrons, Ckll.

Mesothorax without yellow stripes and

margin (rudiments of these in £2. cadii-

opsiformis, VOOR) OREO opSGESE 4,

4, Face with light markings ............ 5.

RAUL CT: eae 6.

5. Light markings two large creamy-white

‘Jateral marks . Ech avahebent Peiaars cses E. albocuneata, Cll.

Light markings yellow, and not contined

to lateral marks; faint traces of yellow

mesothoracic bands. (“ Rutherglen, [var. a

Victoria”; French, Froggatt, 170.) .. E. calliopsiformis, Ckll.,

6. Legs entirely bright orange .......... Pach. aurantipes, Ckll.

EOLA we apet ane ae how ss nal alates as

7. Male flagellum black, with a red ring on

forand' @halt joints’. . i\..i¢s sta E. ecineticornis, Ckll.

Male flagellum beneath light fulvous,

with the apex broadly black, con-

trasting; hind tibie black.......... EB. apicalis, Ckil,

Fi: igellum GLHerwise® Asa ken «ns Racaree 8.

10.

ful

14.

16.

. Upper outer angle of second s.m, not

greater than a right angle; tibie and

tare ired’ ghia Mh Hoe) tele cae cele mere

Upper outer angle of second s.m. greater

thane richtianeley) jo jccte. severe

. Stigma pallid, (Purnong; Fulton, Nat.

Mints YV TCG 2 Os) cnr toi essere bisiscye ets

Stigma dark sepia. (Croydon; Fulton,

Nat. Mus. Vict. 190, 162: aiso

Windsor; French, Froggatt, 190.)

Larger species, with black hind tibie ..

Smaller species, with red hind tibie....

Mesothorax dullish, without strong

punctures... 6.2.2.2. eee se eee eee

Mesothorax with strong punctures;

abdomen metallic or submetallic ....

2, Disc of mesothorax with strong punc-

tures. (Croydon; Fulton, Nat. Mus.

IEE OD cs eit hi core oie eyes ia uae

Disc of mesothorax with sparse feeble

PUMNCTUTES . 0... 0.0... eee re etre eaaee

. Larger; sides of mesothorax more finely

punctured; flagellum dark. (Croy-

don; Fuéton, Nat. Mus. Vict. 237:

also Dandenong, Nov. 1902; 7. Ker-

shaw, Nat. Mus. Vict. 164.) ..... 51

Smaller; sides of mesothorax more

coarsely punctured ; flagellum fulvous

bereath. (New South Wales; Nat.

Mus. WictsiGa)) ee eeu rece

Mesothorax not evidently punctured

Mesothorax closely punctured ; males ..

5. Middle tibise clear red) Saeei -eseel

Middle tibize dark except at base; male.

Flagellum apricot-colour above and_be-

neath. (National Park; Lea, 10711;

Frogpatt, Wovs)is 23 < anwe corte ol aee

Flagellum dark, at least above. (National

Park; Zea, 10717; Froggatt, 142:

also variety with flagellum light red

beneath; ‘“Nagambie, Victoria”’;

French; Froggat, 195.) ........ ee

Mr. C. Forster-Cooper

on new

10.

[var. a,

Pach. atromicans, Ckil.,

Pach, atromicans, Ckll.

ile

14,

E. fusciatella, Cll.

12.

E. nigrocerulea, Ckll.

15.

EE. depressa, Sm.

E. jucunda, Sm.

15.

16;

E. inconspicua, Chl.

E. fasciatella, Cll.

EB. chrysoceras, Ck.

E. regine, Ck.

LXIV.—New Anthracotheres and allied Forms from Balu-

chistan.—Preliminary Notice. By

M.A., University Demonstrator in Comparative Mor-

phology, Cambridge.

THE following forms are part of a large collection from the

Upper Oligocene deposits of Dera Bugti in Baluchistan.

With the exception of fig. 1 all the figures are of natural

size.

Anthracotheres and allied Forms. Pa Ws

Gelasmodon gracilis, gen. et sp. n.

The type-specimen (fig. 1) is a fairly complete mandible of

long and slender build, somewhat similar to that found in

the genus Ancodon, as, for example, that of Ancodon

gorringet*, It presents, however, certain minor differences

in general shape and very pronounced differences in the

dentition.

The mandible has, in the first place, a very marked curve

along the lower border, which rises gradually from the point

of greatest depth betw een the second and third molars up to

the end of the symphysis. In A. gorringet the border is

straighter, sloping up a little from the same point of greatest

depth, and then flattening out or even turning down some-

what at the symphysis.

Fig. 1.

The dentition is peculiar. here is a closed series of three

molars and four premolars. A long diastema then separates

the first premolar from the next tooth, which is presumably

the canine. This tooth is very small and only just cuts the

gum ; its position is marked by the arrow in the figure. In

front of this tooth the alveolar border is exceedingly thin,

sharp-edged, and without trace either of teeth or of any

sockets to contain them. It would appear that this aninal

was toothless in this region or else had the teeth much

reduced, as there is hardly. enough substance at the edge of

the jaw to carry an average- -sized incisor such as is found

in the genus Ancodon generally. he position of the first

premolar close against the second is also a point of difference.

* Andrews, ‘Catalogue of the Tertiary Vertebrata of the Fayam’

(British Museum).

516 Mr. C. Forster-Cooper on new

The structure of the premolars forms a clearly distin-

guishing feature. They are remarkable for a curious orna-

mentation in the pulling out of their edges into a number of

pointed styles in a manner best explained by the figure

(fig. 2), which shows the inner sides of the four premolars.

The molars do not show this feature, but are very hypsodont

and selenodont.

Fig. 2.

ap Nay ae

3 — a ss

The jaw measures 40 cm. in length and 5:7 cm. at its

greatest depth.

Brachyodus pilgrimi, sp. 0.

The type-specimen consists of a third upper molar of the

right side, with sockets of the first and second molars and

part of the maxillary bone as high as the lower border of the

orbit. The tooth only is drawn in the figure (fig. 3). This

form closely approaches B. giganteus in tooth-pattern, but is

larger and considerably wider in proportion to its length, the

measurements being over 5°3 cm. for the breadth (the outer

part of the parastyle is broken away, or the breadth would be

a little more) and 4:1 for the length. The tooth is very

ae a

Eee

Anthracotheres and allied Forms. 517

brachydont, the enamel coarsely striated, and there is a fairly

well-marked cingulum all round except on the outer border.

The depth from the socket of the last molar to the lower

border of the orbit is approximately 8°5 cm.

A comparison of this specimen with about twenty or more

fragments of B. giganteus and LB. hyopotamotdes makes it

unlikely that it can be an extra large specimen of one or other

of these two forms. ‘There is, nevertheless, a very wide range

= ( y

”

ZT NY nik 4

PX)

ai SD) AC A

n fii, ui

of variation in size in these two forms, some specimens of

hyopotamus being larger than giganteus, as, indeed, the type

is. Pilgrim, however *, finds that in his collections giganteus

is, on the whole, the larger form.

Hemimerya lydekkeri, sp.n. (Fig. 4.)

The type-specimen is a right maxilla with the three molars

and the last premolar. With this fragment are associated

a left maxilla with three molars and some separate teeth.

The premolar has two cusps, the outer being extremely

crescentic and produced into a strong loop at each corner.

The cingulum is well marked all round the tooth.

The first molar is too worn to admit of much description.

The second and third molars may be described together: there

are only the four principal cusps, all extremely selenodount

* Pilgrim, “The Vertebrate Fauna of the Gaj Series in the Bugti

Hills &c.,” Palwontologia Indica, new series, vol. iv. memoir 2 (1912),

518 Mr. C. Forster-Cooper on new

except that the hinder horn of the protocone is reduced and

doas not turn towards the middle of the tooth. On the outer

side the parastyle and mesostyle are prominent and_ the

“barrels” of the paracone and metacone well marked, a

point of distinction from /Z. blandfordi (Lyd.), where they

are stated to be weakly developed. ‘lhe metastyle is well

developed on the last molar, but very weak on the second.

This is due to the size of the parastyle of the last molar,

which curls round the metastyle of the second and prevents

its development. It seems probable, therefore, that the type-

tooth of HI. blandford’, which shows a weak parastyle, is the

second and not the third molar.

The characters of this genus, according to Lydekker * and

Pilgrim f, are (1) the absence of a protoconule, (2) a promi-

nent and complete mesostyle, (3) an incompletely crescentic

protocone. i

The genus Telmatodon (Pilgrim) differs chiefly in its

greater bunodonty, in the presence of a very small proto-

conule, and, as far as my specimen (7. e. of Velmatodon) 1s

concerned, in having smooth enamel. ‘The two genera,

however, are closely allied.

In addition to the form under discussion, three species of

Hemimeryx have been deseribed—blandfordi (Lyd.), pusillus

(Merycopotamus pusillus, Lyd.), and speciosus (Pilg.); the

last two are small forms, while b/and/ord?, if the tooth is the

last molar, approaches the present form more closely in size,

but differs in the form of the paracone and metacone.

* Lydekker, Ree. Geol. Sury. Ind. xi. p. 80,

+ Pilorim, loc. cit.

Anthracotheres and allied Forms. 519

Measurements :—

Length. Breadth.

em. cm.

1 gh) Ao Ie Sa Sabre 2°3

1 alae ghee eae Sins Meo cateaacnete 2°6 27

Le «ard rani a Eaee 5 3°2 3°35

yes el es ieee eee a9 36

Microbunodon sminthos, spon. (ig. 5.)

The type-specimen is a fragment of a mandible with the

last two molars. It somewhat resembles Anthracotherium

gresslyi (Lyd.) in size and general appearance, but differs in

the proportions of the teeth, which are less broad for their

length. All the cnsps are very bunodont and brachydont,

the protocone being the only one which is at all crescentic.

The talonid is broad.

Measurements :—

Length. Breadth.

cm. em

Miners Gravois ; O85 0-6

IY (i siege: a enobemrats % Py He ie! 1°35 Or

Depth of ramus below M3 ...... 2°35 em.

Brachyodus strategus, sp. n. (Fig. 6.)

Among a rather large variety of lower jaws and teeth are

one or two specimens which do not seem to fit in with any of

the upper Jaw fragments, nor can I find them mentioned or

illustrated in Pilgrim’s report of his collections from the

same locality *, ‘he present specimen and the next one to

be described seem to have characters sufficient to give them

specific rank.

B. straiegus is represented by a third lower molar of the

left side. It is much too large to serve for B. pilgrimi

described above: in fact, it would serve for the smaller

varieties of Anthracothertum magnum. The reasons, however,

that it is placed in the genus Brachyodus are, firstly, the

considerable selenodonty of the inner cusps and, secondly,

* Pilgrim, Joc. cit.

520 Mr. C. Forster-Cooper on new

the fact that the posterior arm of the hypoconid unites with

the entoconid, a point brought out by Pilgrim. Moreover, [

have a number of fragments belonging to the Anthraco-

therium magnum-bugtiense group, and the lower molars of

27)

(as

fo) Cl

‘Ma

Sy;

Pe WA \(\')\ SNS

these present very great differences from the tooth under

discussion.

The measurements of the tooth are :—

Tenothk Lette te sles ctonmot oan Gate 79

Bread themmonitebiallipeeg ee ieerir renters 37

2 nid eal | ao Siete eas te $ stehagere o7

Brachyodus (?) obtusus, sp. n. (Fig. 7.)

This tooth is also a third left lower molar. It is a stout

tooth, very brachydont and bunodont. Its chief peculiarity,

however, lies in its shape, the front half being much broader

than the hind half, which gives it a striking appearance.

Anthracotheres and allied Forms. 52a

The talonid is broad, there is an absence of secondary cusps

in the transverse valleys, and no cingulum, except a small

ledge at the front outer edge. The centres of the cusps lie

rather close together, and their sides slope very gradually

down to the level of the socket.

Measurements :—

em,

Wear ENG Fa 282 Oy [ot wats SEE No tae cere 57

hind half». sb te tudue eta ox 30

”

Hyotherium (?) jeffreys?, sp. n. (Fig. 8.)

The type-specimen is a fragment of a palate showing the

second and third premolars on the right side and the third

and fourth premolars and first two molars on the left.

The molars are square in shape, with a stout cingulum in

front, which in the first molar continues outside and behind,

while in the second it ceases round the metacone, to reappear

as a small tubercle on the middle of the hinder border. ‘The

cusps are all conical, except that the protocone and hypocone

in each tooth send out a ridge forwards and diagonally

-across, presumably to a protoconule and metaconule respec-

tively, though these cusps are not very prominent. ‘Ihe

enamel is somewhat weathered, but shows a good deal of

wrinkling into secondary cuspules.

Of the premolars, the fourth has two well-marked outer

cusps joined by various wrinkles of the surface to an inner

cusp. The third is the same in general pattern, but the

posterior outer cusp 1s smaller and the inner cusp slopes

away behind to a circular depression in the talonid. (In the

figure this is better shown in the left tooth.) The second

premolar has two outer cusps, the hind one again being

Ann, & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xii. 37

522 Mr. H. B. Preston on new

rather the smaller. The cingulum, again, shows the same

depression behind, but to a less extent, and hardly forms an

internal cusp.

The palate is narrow, and the fragment, viewed from the

upper surface, indicates a longish and rather pointed snout.

The attribution of this species to the genus Hyotherium is

tentative.

I name this species after my friend Dr. W. M. Jeffreys,

who accompanied me on my first expedition to Baluchistan

and to whose energy and skill in collecting I owe a great

deal.

‘The measurements of the teeth are :—

Length. Breadth.

em. em

PME Pera ey as bin sty sie 0:7 0:55

PME rere cis wore ttenes 0-8 0:7

AME SEY RATAN 0-75 08

EME AVR Meek SERB ant b hs 1-0 1-0

NEP paid se epee ee due eee 1-0 1:1 (front half).

LXV.—Characters of new Genera and Species of Terrestrial

Mollusca from Norfolk Island. By H. B. Preston,

P20.

‘THROUGH the kindness of Messrs. Gregory M. Mathews and

T. Iredale, all the terrestrial and fluviatile shells collected by

Mr. Roy Bell during his recent prolonged stay on Norfolk

Tsland have been handed to the author, from which material

the following species are diagnosed, no figures being given

at present, as it is intended to do this in a forthcoming work

dealing exclusively with the fauna of that island and the

adjacent islets,

DENDROLAMELLARIA, gen. nov.

Shell vitriniform, transparent, with smooth apical whorls

and minutely transversely striate last whorl.

Genotype: D. mathewsi, Preston.

The genus, which is arboreal in its habits, resembles

almost exactly in form the marine genus Lamellaria; it

probably belongs to the family Limacide.

Dendrolamellaria mathews?, sp. n.

Shell rather large, whitish, transparent, shining, with

Terrestrial Mollusca from Norfolk Island. 523

exserted spire ; whorls 3, the first very small, the remaining

two very rapidly increasing, the last sculptured with very

fine, microscopic, closely set, transverse, silky strise ; suture

impressed, narrowly margined below; columella margin

curvedly excavated above, very obliquely descending below ;

labrum submembranaceous at the extreme edge, advancing

in front, receding above and below; aperture very large,

ovately subrectangular.

Alt. 15°5, diam. maj. 18-75, diam. min. 14 mm,

Aperture: alt. 12°25, diam. 14 mm.

Hab. Ball’s Bay, Norfolk Island (2. Bell).

ALLENOCONCHA, gen. nov. (Zonitide).

Shell thin, corneous, depressedly turbinate or almost

planulate, imperforate, microscopically spirally striate.

Genotype: A. basisprralis, Preston.

Allenoconcha basispiralis, sp. n.

Shell turbinate, thin, semitransparent, polished, shining,

pale reddish brown ; whorls 5, flattish, regularly increasing,

the last rather sharply angled at the periphery, marked with

radiate growth-plicee, and sculptured with microscopic, closely

set, wavy, spiral strize; suture rather lightly impressed,

narrowly margined below ; base of shell convex, sculptured

with similar striz to those on the spire ; columella outwardly

expanded, obliquely and rather steeply descending ; labrum

acute; aperture obliquely, broadly, and compressedly sub-

lunate.

Alt. 2°5, diam. maj. 4°5, diam. min. 4 mm.

Hab. Ball’s Bay, Norfolk Island (2. Bell).

Allenoconcha belli, sp. n.

Shell small, depressedly conoid, with somewhat convex

base, slightly polished, yellowish brown; whorls 4, regu-

larly increasing, the last angled at the periphery, microscopi-

eally sculptured with fine, wavy, closely set, spiral strie ;

suture impressed, narrowly margined below; columella

margin white, narrowly reflexed throughout, somewhat

oblique, curved ; labrum simple ; aperture very broadly and

a little obliquely sublunate.

Alt. 2, diam. maj. 3°5, diam. min. 3°25 mm.

Hab. Steel’s Point, Norfolk Island (2. Bell).

37*

Mr. H. B. Preston on new

—

Allenoconcha mathews?, sp. n.

Shell depressedly turbinate, pale yellowish brown ;

whorls 5, regularly increasing, the last angled at the peri-

phery, microscopically sculptured with very fine, slightly

wavy, Closely set, spiral strize; suture impressed, very

narrowly, callously margined below ; columella margin a

little reflexed above, very obliquely descending in a slight

curve, a well-defined, light, parietal callus joining it with the

upper margin of the labrum; labrum simple; aperture

obliquely subcrescentic.

Alt. 2°25, diam. maj. 4°75, diam. min. 4°25 mm.

fab. Ball’s Bay, Norfolk Island (R. Bell) ; also taken by

Mr. Bell on Mount Pitt and at Steel’s Point.

Allenoconcha mons-pittensis, sp. n.

Shell perforate, small, depressedly orbicular, polished,

shining, yellowish brown, shading in the subsutural region

to greyish ; whorls 5, flattened, regularly increasing, the

last sharply angled at the periphery, marked with indistinct,

radiate, transverse growth-plice, crossed by very fine, micro-

scopic, closely set, wavy, spiral strie, which become almost |

obsolete on the base of the shell; suture lightly impressed,

narrowly margined below ; perforation very narrow, almost

covered by the flattened and rather hooked outward expansion

of the basal parietal callus; columella margin interiorly

thickened into a broad, excavately arched, pillar-like callus

which extends both interiorly and exteriorly as a_ basal

parietal thickening ; labrum acute, projecting in front of the

pillar-like columella callus ; aperture obliquely and rather

compressedly sublunate.

Alt. 1:5, diam. maj. 4°25, diam. min. 3°75 mm.

Hab. Mount Pitt, Norfolk Island (2. Bell).

Allenoconcha perdepressa, sp. n.

Shell small, very depressed, somewhat iridescent, corneous ;

whorls 4, regularly increasing, the last angled at the peri-

phery, marked with radiate transverse plice, and sculptured

with exceedingly fine, closely set, microscopic, spiral striz ;

suture impressed, narrowly margined below; columella

margin very obliquely descending ; labrum simple ; aperture

obliquely and very compressedly and broadly sublunate,

Alt. 1:25, diam. maj. 3°25, diam, min. 3 mm.

Hab. Mount Pitt, Norfolk Island (2. Bell).

Terrestrial Mollusca from Norfolk Island. 525

Allenoconcha royana, sp. n.

Shell small, very depressedly turbinate, in colour greenish

brown; whorls 5, regularly increasing, the last angled at

the periphery, sculptured with very fine, microscopic, closely

set, wavy, spiral striz, and marked with radiate growth-plice ;

suture impressed ; columella margin very obliquely de-

scending; labrum simple, outwardly extending above, re-

ceding below ; aperture obliquely sublunate.

Alt. 2, diam. maj. 4°75, diam. min. 4 mm.

Hab. Duncombe Bay, Norfolk Island (R. Bell).

Allenoconcha congener, sp. n.

Shell differing from JZ. royana in its darker colour, which

is of a deep reddish-brown shade, less depressed form, and

less oblique columella margin.

Alt. 8°25 (nearly), diam. maj. 4°75, diam. min. 4°25 mm.

Hab. Duncombe Bay, Norfolk Island (A. Bell).

GREENWOODOCONCHA, gen. nov. (Zonitide).

Shell turbinate, with somewhat convex base, imperforate,

moderately solid, finely spirally striate.

Genotype: Mvcrocystis nux, Sykes*.

Greenwoodoconcha tomi, sp. n.

Shell turbinate, with convex base, reddish brown, polished,

shining ; whorls 43, regularly increasing, the last considerably

angled at the periphery, sculptured with slightly curved,

transverse plice and rather closely set, wavy, spiral stria,

which become finer on the last whorl; suture impressed,

margined below, the margin being also spirally striate;

columella margin reflexed, almost perpendicularly descending

above, obliquely curved below, diffused above into a well-

defined, whitish, parietal callus which reaches to the upper

margin of the labrum; labrum simple; aperture rather

obliquely broadly sublunate.

Alt. 3, diam. maj. 5°25, diam. min. 4°75 mm.

Aperture: alt. 2, diam. 2°5 mm.

Hab. Mount Pitt, Norfolk Island (R. Bell).

* Proc. Malac, Soc. London, vol. iv. 1900, p. 139, pl. xiii. figs. 4 & 5.

526 Mr. H. B. Preston on new

ROYBELLIA, gen. nov. (Zonitide).

Shell very depressed, thin, horny, yellowish brown, trans-

versely costulate, strongly and acutely carinate at the peri-

phery, the termination of the costule projecting beyond the

margin of the carina,

Genotype: Trochonanina platysoma, Sykes *.

Roybellia depressa, sp. n.

Shell differing from Tvrochonanina platysoma, Sykes, in

its much more depressed form, the spire having a laterally

concave appearance, the transverse costule are finer than in

T. platysoma, and the surface of the shell is microscopically

granulate, while the peripheral carina is produced into a pro-

jecting flange; the base is also less inflated, thus almost

entirely eliminating the umbilical depression which is seen in

Sykes’s species.

Alt. 1:5, diam. maj. 6°5 (nearly), diam. min. 5°5 mm.

Aperture: alt. 1°5, diam. 3 mm.

Hab, Mount Pitt, Norfolk Island (R. Bell).

Fretum microstriatum, sp. n.

Shell depressedly turbinate, without trace of colour;

whorls 43, the last ascending a little in front, regularly and

rather rapidly increasing, sculptured with very fine, wavy,

closely set, microscopic, spiral strize, and marked with fine,

indistinct, transverse growth-plice; suture rather lightly

impressed; base of shell moderately convex; columella

margin callously thickened and inwardly bulging above, then

slightly excavatedly curved, and obliquely descending below ;

labrum simple; aperture broadly and depressedly sublunate.

Alt. 10, diam. maj. 16, diam. min. 14 mm.

Aperture: alt. 8, diam. 8 mm.

Hab. Norfolk Island, subfossil in sand near the limestone

quarry on the S.H. coast (2. Bell).

Advena campbellii (Gray), var. charon, var. n.

Shell differing from the typical form in having the earlier

whorls of a dark crimson colour, below which the whole shell,

with the exception of the supersutural, extreme carinal

margins and the columella, is of a uniform blackish-brown

colour.

Hab. Mount Pitt, Norfolk Island (&. Bell).

* Proc. Malac. Soc. London, vol. iv. 1900, p. 140, pl. xiii. figs. 16, 17.

Terrestrial Mollusca from Norfolk Island. 527

Advena campbellii nepeanensis, subsp. n.

Shell much broader and with less elevated spire than has

A, campbellii (Gray) * from Norfolk and Phillip Islands.

Alt. 15, diam. maj. 27, diam. min. 23°5 mm,

Hab. Nepean Island, in subfossil condition only (2. Bell).

Fanulum testudo, sp. n.

Shell roundedly turbinate, with strongly carinate periphery

and very slightly convex base, yellowish, irregularly trans-

versely banded and mottled with reddish chestnut above,

the transverse banding becoming paler and less marked on

the base of the shell; whorls 5, regularly increasing, marked

only with transverse ridges, which assume a more definitely

sculptural appearance on the latter half of the last whorl;

suture very lightly incised, narrowly, but coarsely callously

margined above; columella margin white, obliquely de-

scending, bearing an oblique, oblong, tooth-like projection

above; labrum simple, acute, receding below; aperture sub-

rectangular; interior of shell showing the reddish-chestnut

markings through the test.

Alt. 4°5, diam. maj. 7°75, diam. min. 7 mm.

Aperture: alt. 2°5, diam. 3 mm.

Hab. Mount Pitt, Norfolk Island (2. Bell).

QUINTALIA, gen. nov. (Zonitide).

Shell imperforate, turbinately conic, minutely spirally

striate, angled at the periphery.

Genotype: Caracolla stoddarti, Gray ft, from Phillip

Island.

Hab. Norfolk Island and immediately adjacent islets.

The above genus includes, besides the type-species, Helix

flosculus, Cox t, and the subspecies below described, which

would seem to be intermediate between C. stoddarti and

H. flosculus, both of which have been erroneously placed in

the New-Zealand genus Carthea, the former by Sykes §, the

latter by Pilsbry ||.

* Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1834, p. 65; Reeve, Conch. Icon., Helix,

spp. 488 & 765. .

+ Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1854, p. 65.

} Id. ibid. 1865, p. 695 ; Journ. de Conch. xiv. 1866, p. 48.

§ Proc. Malac. Soc. London, iv. 1900, p. 142.

| Man. Conch. ser. 2, viii, 1892, p. 77.

Mr. H. B. Preston on new

Quintalia stoddarti intermedia, subsp. n.

Shell intermediate in form and size between Caracolla

stoddarti, Gray, from Phillip Island, and Helew flosculus,

Cox, from the mainland; though only found in a subfossil

state, some specimens Blow vividly the subperipheral chestnut

band, as well as traces of the transverse colour-blotches above

the periphery.

Alt. 8, diam. maj. 13, diam. min. 11°25 mm.

Aperture : alt. 6°75, diam. 6°75 mm.

Hab. Nepean Island, in subfossil state only (2. Bell).

MATHEWSOCONCHA, gen. nov. (Zonitide).

Shell imperforate, heliciform, depressedly turbinate, spirally

striately sculptured, with thickened and inwardly bulging

columella.

Genotype: M. belli, Preston.

Mathewsoconcha belli, sp. n.

Shell rather small, turbinate, dark reddish purple, orna-

mented with a narrow, peripheral, yellowish band, which

appears as a subsutural band on the upper whorls ; whorls 4,

the last slightly angled at the periphery, flattish, sculptured

with fine, closely set, wavy, spiral striz, and marked with

coarse, irregular, and also rather closely set, oblique growth-

plicee ; suture impressed ; base of shell moderately convex,

the spiral sculpture of the spire becoming subobsolete on this

portion of the shell ; columella margin whitish, outwardly

reflexed, obliquely descending and bulging a little inwards in

the median part, then slightly notched and again descending

obliquely below, spreading above into a very fine, almost

imperceptible, minutely granular callus which reaches the

upper margin of the labrum ; labrum acute, rapidly receding

below ; aperture obliquely, compressedly, and rather broadly

sublunate ; interior of shell bluish, showing the peripheral

band through the test.

Alt. 6, diam. maj. 9°25, diam. min. 8°25 mm.

Aperture: alt. 4°5, diam. 4 mm.

Hab. Mount Pitt, Norfolk Island (£. Bell).

Mathewsoconcha albocincta, sp. n.

Shell rather small, somewhat depressedly turbinate, reddish

yellow, ornamented with a narrow, white, peripheral band ;

whorls 4, regularly increasing, sculptured with oblique, radiate,

Terrestrial Mollusca from Norfolk Island. 529

transverse plicee, and rather indistinct spiral striz ; suture

impressed ; base of shell somewliat convex ; columella margin

eallously thickened, forming with the parietal wall a small

notch above, below which it descends obliquely to form an

obtuse angle with the labrum below ; labrum simple.

Alt. 5:5, diam. maj. 8°75, diam. min. 7°5 mm.

Aperture: alt. 4, diam. 45 mm,

Hab. Norfolk Island, subfossil in sand near the limestone

quarry on the 8.E. coast (2. Bell).

Mathewsoconcha vexillum, sp. n.

Shell conoidly turbinate, in subfossil condition white,

strikingly painted with a rather narrow, reddish-crange,

suprasutural band, which appears as a peripheral band on the

Jast whorl ; whorls 5, regularly increasing, the first two a

little flattened above, the remainder moderately convex,

bearing traces of very fine spiral strie, and marked with

numerous fine oblique growth-ridges ; suture impressed ;

columella margin descending obliquely, developed throughout

almost its whole length into a medianly excavated projection,

and diffused above into a thin, well-defined, parietal callus

which reaches to the upper margin of the labrum; labrum

acute, receding below ; aperture broadly and compressedly

obliquely sublunate.

Alt. 6°25, diam. maj. 9, diam. min. 8 mm,

Aperture: alt. 4°5 (nearly), diam. 3°5 mm.

Hab. Limestone Quarry, Norfolk Island, in subfossil

condition only (&. Bell).

BELLOCONCHA, gen. nov. (Zonitide).

Shell imperforate, heliciform, turbinately conic, marked

only with transverse growth-plice.

Genotype: B. elevata, Preston.

Belloconcha elevata, sp. n.

Shell imperforate, conically turbinate, in subfossil con-

dition white without trace of colouring ; whorls 5, regularly

increasing, convex, smooth, but for rather oblique growth-

ridges; suture impressed, narrowly margined below ; colu-

mella margin outwardly calloused, descending in a curve ;

labrum acute; aperture very obliquely broadly sublunate.

Alt. 11, diam. maj. 14°75, diam. min. 12°75 mm.

Aperture: alt. 6°25, diam. 6°75 mm.

Hab. Nepean Island, in subfossil state only (A. Bell).

530 Mr. H. B. Preston on new

Belloconcha compacta, sp. n.

Shell imperforate, turbinate, in subfossil condition pale

yellowish white, showing traces of a rather narrow, white,

peripheral band; whorls 43, very slightly convex, marked

only with oblique growth-lines ; suture impressed; base of

shell moderately convex ; columella margin narrowly, out-

wardly reflexed, obliquely descending and curved below ;

aperture subovate.

Alt. 6°5, diam. maj. 10, diam. min. 9 mm.

Aperture: alt. 4°5, diam. 4°25 mm.

Hab. Nepean Island, in subfossil state only (2. Bell).

Belloconcha norfolkensis, sp. n.

Shell somewhat depressedly turbinate, obtusely carinate at

the periphery, thin, corneous, light reddish brown, painted

with a very narrow sutural baud of dark chestnut and

a slightly broader, whitish, peripheral band; whorls 4%,

regularly increasing, rather flat, coarsely sculptured with

oblique radiate riblets ; base of shell somewhat shining, obso-

letely minutely granulate ; suture impressed, narrowly mar-

gined below ; columella tinged with dark chestnut, sharply

curved and outwardly expanded above, white and somewhat

bulging inwards below; labrum acute, simple; aperture

irregularly sublunate.

Alt. 6°5, diam. maj. 10, diam. min. 9 mm,

Aperture: alt. 5°25, diam. 5 mm.

Hab. Nortolk Island.

ITREDALEOCONCHA, gen. nov. (Zonitide).

Shell heliciform, depressed, corneous, imperforate, having

a widely grooved suture, which is continued on the last whorl

as a supraperipheral channel.

Genotype: J. inopina, Preston.

The present genus is at first sight almost identical with

Diepenheimia, which inhabits the Obi Islands, Dutch Kast

Indies * ; this latter is, however, perforate, while both the

species of Lreduleoconcha which have as yet come to light are

quite devoid of all trace of perforation.

Tredaleoconcha inopina, sp. n.

Shell small, imperforate, suborbicular, depressedly conoid,

yellowish, semitransparent, polished, shining; whorls 33,

* Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 8, vol, xii. 1913, pp. 438-434,

Terrestrial Mollusca from Norfolk Island. 531

regularly increasing, the last channelled above and carinate

at the periphery, the apical whorls smooth, the later whorls

marked with irregular transverse growth-ridges, and sculp-

tured with very distinct, closely set, spiral strie; suture

narrowly callously margined above, deeply channelled below,

the sutural channel being continued as the supraperipheral

channel on the last whorl; base of shell inflated, bearing the

same sculpture as on the spire ; columella margin descending

in a very oblique curve; labrum acute, notched at the

termination of the supraperipheral channel ; aperture

obliquely sublunate.

Alt. °75, diam. maj. 2, diam. min. 1:75 mm.

fab. Limestone quarry, Norfolk Island; also found on

Mount Pitt (2. Bell).

Iredaleoconcha caloraphe, sp. n.

Shell rather depressedly turbinate, brown ; whorls 5, regu-

larly increasing, the last narrowly channelled above and

carinate at the periphery, sculptured with fine, closely set,

spiral striz, and marked with oblique transverse growth-

plicee; suture channelled, bearing an erect callous ridge

above, bordered on the upper side by a rather deep but very

narrow groove; base of shell inflated, also sculptured with

fine revolving striw; columella margin vertically descending

for a short distance, then sharply angled and very obliquely

descending below ; labrum acute, notched at the termination

of the supraperipheral channel ; aperture broadly and

obliquely subcrescentiec.

Alt. 2, diam. maj. 4°25 (nearly), diam. min. 3°75 mm.

Hab. Duncombe Bay, Norfolk Island (2. Bell).

PITTOCONCHA, gen. nov. (Zonitide).

Shell imperforate, corneous, turbinate, swollen, peripherally

carinate, spirally striate, and transversely costulate,

Genotype: L. concinna, Preston.

Pittoconcha concinna, sp, n.

Shell small, turbinate, with inflated spire, thin, horny,

dark blackish brown; whorls 4, regularly increasing, the last

strongly carinate at the periphery, sculptured with coarse,

closely set, very oblique, and somewhat curved, transverse

plicee, crossed by indistinct spiral stria, which are more

noticeable on the apical whorls and base of the shell ; suture

impressed ; base of shell inflated ; columella margin white,

532 Mr. H. B. Preston on new

thickened, almost vertically descending, bulging inwardly in

the median part; labrum simple, receding below ; aperture

subovate.

Alt. 1:75, diam. maj. 3 mm.

Hab. Mount Pitt, Norfolk Island (A. Bell).

Nitor retinaculum, sp. n.

Shell small, depressedly conic, thin, transparent, somewhat

shining, yellowish brown; whorls 4, regularly increasing,

the last subangled at the periphery, sculptured only with

rather closely set, oblique, arcuate plicee, which are more

noticeable on the Jater convolutions ; suture impressed ;

columella margin curved above, very obliquely descending

and thickened inwardly into a whitish loop-like lamella,

visible through the test; labrum acute; aperture obliquely

and compressedly sublunate.

Alt. 1°5 (nearly), diam. maj. 3, diam. min. 2°5 mm,

Hab. Ball’s Bay, Nortolk Island (2. Bell).

MACGILLIVRAYELLA, gen. nov. (Zonitide).

Shell depressedly turbinate, small, vitreous, somewhat

broadly perforate.

Genotype: J. erystallina, Preston.

Macgillivrayella crystallina, sp. n.

Shell small, depressed, orbicular, white, semitransparent ;

whorls 34, sculptured with rather fine, somewhat closely set,

oblique, arcuate strie, which become obsolete on the base of

the shell ; suture deeply impressed; umbilicus wide, mode-

rately deep ; columella margin descending in a curve;

labrum acute, receding below ; aperture roundly sublunate.

Alt. 1, diam. maj. 2°5, diam. min. 2°25 mm.

Hab. Norfolk Island.

J OHANNESOCONCHA, gen. nov. (Zonitide).

Shell minute, vitreous, turbinate, multispiral, umbilicate.

Genotype: J. multivolva, Preston.

Johannesoconcha multivolva, sp. n.

Shell minute, turbinate, thin, white, polished, shining ;

whorls 5, rather rapidly increasing, the last scarcely ascending

in front, faintly marked with lines of growth ; base of shell

Terrestrial Mollusca from Norfolk Island. 533

radiately striate ; suture well impressed; umbilicus mode-

rately wide, deep, well-like; labrum simple; aperture

obliquely sublunate.

Alt. 5, diam: maj. 1°25 mm.

Hab. Norfolk Island, under dead leaves (Macgillivray,

June 1855).

Johannesoconcha pusillior, sp. n.

Shell differing from J. multivolva in its smaller size, more

depressed form, and less well-like umbilicus, the margin of

which is much less abrupt.

Alt. °25, diam. maj. 1:25 (nearly) mm.

Hab. Norfolk Island.

Johannesoconcha minuscula, sp. n.

Shell very minute, depressedly turbinate, in subfossil con-

dition white; whorls 34, regularly increasing, marked only

with faint transverse growth-stria ; suture impressed ;

umbilicus moderately narrow, deep, well-like; columella

margin obliquely descending; labrum acute; aperture very

broadly and depressedly subcrescentic.

Alt. °25, diam. maj. 1 mm.

Hab. Limestone Quarry, S.E. coast of Norfolk Island,

where it occurs in a subfossil state (R. Bell).

Charopa mathewsi, sp. n.

Shell small, orbicular, planulate above, widely umbilicate

below, chestnut-coloured throughout; whorls 44, regularly,

but rather slowly, increasing, the last descending, the

embryonic wherls smooth, the remainder sculptured with

regular, radiate, rounded costule, the interstices being

occupied by fine, closely set, transverse strize crossed by very

fine and indistinct spirals; columella margin slightly re-

flexed above, obliquely descending ; labrum simple ; aperture

obliquely subquadrate.

Ait. *75, diam. maj. 2°5, diam. min. 2°25 mm.

Hab. Ball’s Bay, Norfolk Island (R. Bell).

Charopa sororcula, sp. 0.

Shell allied to C. mathews?, but lighter in colour, being of

a yellowish-brown tint; it is also much smaller, though

having the same number of whorls, the sculpture is finer,

though similar in other respects, the apex is slightly exserted,

the last whorl does not descend, and the aperture is narrowly

534 Mr. H. B. Preston on new

ovate, having the appearance of being laterally compressed,

while in C. mathewsi it is compressed above and laterally

dilated.

Alt. °5, diam. maj. 1°5 mm.

Hab. Mount Pitt, Norfolk Island (2. Bell).

CrYPTOCHAROPA, gen. nov. (ndodontide).

Shell planulate, incrusted with an agglutinated mass of

earth and vegetable matter, whieh broadens out at the peri-

phery into a serrated fringe.

Genotype: C. atlantotdidea, Preston.

The agglutinated covering which is present in every

individual seen by the author, and which is extremely hard

to remove even after several days of soaking, would seem to

be a habitual generic character. The shell has a superficial

resemblance to Charopa, though probably having no close

relationship with that genus.

Cryptocharopa atlantoididea, sp. n.

Shell of moderate size, very depressedly orbicular, almost

planulate above, covered with an agglutinated mass of foreign

matter which broadens at the periphery into.a coarse saw-like

fringe or projection, and beneath which the shell is of a

reddish-brown colour; whorls 5, regularly increasing, the

last strongly angled at the periphery, sculptured with coarse,

irregular, somewhat radiate, transverse, and rather distant,

wavy, spiral striz, the latter becoming obsolete on the base

of the shell; suture deeply impressed ; umbilicus very wide ;

columella margin excavatedly angled above, obliquely curved

below ; labrum simple, receding below, projecting in front;

aperture subcircular.

Alt. 1:5, diam. maj. 3°75, diam. min. 3°25 mm.

Aperture: alt. 1:25 (nearly), diam. 1°25 (nearly) mm.

Hab. Mount Pitt, Norfolk Island (#. Bel/).

The above measurements were taken after the agglutinated

foreign matter had been removed from the shell.

Paralaoma orestias, sp. 1.

Shell rather small, turbinate, somewhat shining, pale

yellowish brown flecked with blotches of white ; whorls 5,

the last subangulate at the periphery and descending in

front, sculptured, especially on the lower whorls, with arcuate,

slightly distant, transverse costule; suture impressed ;

— a

Terrestrial Mollusca from Norfolk Island. 539

umbilicus moderately narrow, deep ; columella margin out-

wardly reflexed, descending in a curve, diffused above it into

a parietal callus which reaches to the upper margin of the

labrum ; labrum having the extreme edge submembranaceous ;

aperture ovate.

Alt. 1, diam. maj. 2-25, diam. min. 2 mm.

Hab. Mouut Pitt, Norfolk Island (2, Bell).

Paralaoma perminuta, sp. n.

Shell minute, depressedly turbinate, thin, horny, pale

brownish yellow ; whorls 4, regularly increasing, sculptured

with somewhat obsolete, transverse, arcuate plice; suture

impressed ; base of shell not very convex, sculptured with

slightly wavy and closely set, punctate, revolving striae ;

umbilicus moderately wide; columella margin obliquely

descending ; labrum simple ; aperture compressedly sub-

lunate.

Alt. °25, diam. maj. 1°25 (nearly) mm.

Hab. Mount Pitt, Norfolk Island (R. Bell).

Paralaoma depressior, sp. n.

Shell allied to P. perminuta, but considerably larger and

having an additional half whorl; the last whorl is con-

siderably flattened above and strongly angled at the peri-

phery, the colour is darker, being in the present species of a

dark brownish-amber shade ; the columella margin descends

almost vertically and the aperture, though somewhat com-

pressed towards the base, is obliquely subovate; the system

of sculpture is altogether that of P. perminuta.

Alt. °75, diam. maj. 2°25, diam. min. 2 (nearly) mm.

Hab. Mount Pitt, Norfolk Island, in several localities

(R. Bell).

NORFOLCIOCONCHA, gen. nov. (EZndodontide).

Shell minute, subhyaline, turbinate, with open umbilicus,

sculptured with transverse riblets ; aperture armed with two

parietal lamelle and two lamella on the outer wall.

Genotype: Lndodonta norfolkensis, Hedley *.

Norfolcioconcha iota, sp. n.

Shell very minute, depressedly turbinate, in subfossil

* Rec, Austr. Mus., Sydney, vol. iii. p. 152, pl. xxviii. figs. 4, 5, 6.

536 Mr. H. B. Preston on new

condition white, vitreous, shining ; whorls 4, regularly in-

creasing, radiately finely costulate ; suture impressed ; base

of shell sculptured with revolving striz ; umbilicus narrow,

deep, well-like; columella margin obliquely descending ;

aperture somewhat compressedly sublunate, armed with four

erect plaits, of which two are on the parietal wall, one below

the other, and two on the outer wall, similarly situated.

Alt. ‘25, diam. maj. 1 mm.

Hab. Limestone Quarry, S.E. coast of Norfolk Island,

where it occurs in a subfossil state (22. Bell).

Succinea humerosa, sp. n.

Shell allied to S. norfolkensis, Sykes *, but differing from

that species in being rather narrower in form and in having

the last two whorls conspicuously shouldered above and below ;

the aperture is also rather longer and narrower than in

S. norfolkensis.

Alt. 18°5, diam. maj. §°5, diam. min. 5 mm.

Aperture: alt. 8, diam. 5 mm.

Hab. Nepean Island, in a subfossil state only.

Succinea nepeanensis, sp. n.

Shell elongate, whorls 3, rapidly increasing, moderately

convex, the last very long ; suture well impressed ; columella

margin curved, narrowly calloused; labrum simple, some-

what bent inwards over the aperture above ; aperture ovate.

Alt. 14°75, diam. maj. 7°25, diam. min. 5°5 mm.

Aperture: alt. 9°25, diam. 5°75 mm.

Hab. Nepean Island, in a subfossil condition only (R.

Bell).

Tornatellina norfolkensis, sp. 0.

Shell subulately cylindrical, thin, fragile, semitransparent,

smooth, polished, shining, pale reddish brown; whorls 6,

the first very small, the second proportionately large, the

remainder regularly increasing, marked only with irregular

erowth-plice ; suture impressed, very narrowly margined

below, columella whitish, developed into a rather twisted,

inwardly projecting fold, and extending above into a light,

well-defined, and somewhat restricted parietal callus, which

reaches to the upper margin of the labrum; labrum simple ;

aperture inversely auriform, bearing a single, curved, erect,

white, entering, parietal lamella.

Alt. 3°5, diam. maj. 1°25 mm.

Hab. Ball’s Bay, Norfolk Island (2. Bell).

* Proce. Malac. Soc. London, iv. 1900, p. 144, pl. xiii. fig. 12.

Terrestrial Mollusca from Norfolk Island. O37

Tornatellina norfolkensis moohuensis, subsp. n.

Shell differing from ZT. norfolkensis, Preston, in its very

slightly shorter and much broader form, and in the parietal

lamella, which, in the present species, is quite obsolete.

Alt. 3°5, diam. maj. 1°5 mm.

flab. Moohu Stone, a small islet off the coast of Norfolk

Island (2. Bell).

Tornatellina norfolkensis nepeanensis, subsp. n.

Shell allied to both 7. norfolkensis and T. moohuensis, but

differing from the former in its much broader form and from

the latter in its more tapering spire, more rounded whorls,

and well-developed parietal lamella.

Alt. 3°5, diam. maj. 1°35 mm.

Hab. Nepean Island (R. Bell).

With the exception of Vallonia sp., which is exceedingly

plentiful, this and the following are the only living species

of land-mollusca found upon the island.

Tornatellina duplicilamellata, sp. n.

Shell fusiformly ovate, polished, shining, yellowish

brown; whorls 5, regularly but rather rapidly increasing,

somewhat inflated, marked only with growth-strie ; suture

impressed ; columella margin white, twisted, bearing a short

projecting lamella above, descending below inanalmost vertical

curve ; aperture rather obliquely inversely auriform, fur-

nished with a well-developed, entering, parietal lamella.

Alt. 2°25, diam. maj. 1°5 (nearly) mm.

Hab. Nepean Island (2. Bell).

Palaina norfolkensis, sp. n.

Shell moderately small, sinistral, fusitormly ovate ; colour

of type-specimen pale yellowish, but varying in individuals

from pure white to yellowish and delicate flesh-colour ;

whorls 6, convex, the first two small, the third large in

proportion, the remainder regularly increasing, the apical

whorl quite smooth, the second showing signs of very oblique,

obsolete, transverse ribbing, the third finely and rather

closely costulate; the fourth and remainder beautifully sculp-

tured with slightly distant and oblique, erect, transverse,

blade-like costule, the interstices on all four last whorls

sculptured with fine, closely set, wavy, spiral striz ; suture

deeply impressed; umbilicus very narrow; labrum con-

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xii. 38

538 Hon. N. C. Rothschild on new

tinuous, vitreous, showing under the microscope the con-

centric growth-markings, broadly expanded except in the

parietal region, where it is considerably contracted, not

reflexed, circumference ovate; aperture circular, set well to

the left of the axis of the shell ; operculum thin, corneous,

yellowish white, paucispiral, with central raised nucleus.

Alt. 2°5, diam. maj. 1:25 mm.

Hab. Stockyard Creek, Norfolk Island (2. Bell).

Palaina belli, sp. n.

Shell small, sinistral, roughly ovate, dull white shading to

pale flesh-colour, with reddish-brown apex ; whorls 5, con-

vex, the first two small, the third proportionately large, the

remainder regularly increasing, the two apical whorls quite

smooth, the remainder sculptured with closely set, wavy,

spiral strize which become considerably coarser on the last

whorl, crossed by not very erect, rather oblique, transverse

costule ; suture deeply impressed ; umbilicus narrow, deep ;

labrum continuous, outwardly expanded, sublaminiferous,

circular; aperture large for the size of the shell, subcircular.

Alt. 3°5, diam. maj. 1°75 (nearly) mm.

Flab. Mount Pitt, Norfolk Island (A. Bell).

Differing from the preceding chiefly in its smaller size, it

having one whorl less, in the more closely set and less erect

and blade-like costule, coarser spiral strie, the circular

circumference of the labrum, and in the comparatively large

size and more central position of the aperture with regard to

the axis of the shell.

LXVI.—Five new Siphonaptera from Astatic Russia, collected

by W. Riickbetl. By the Hon. N. Cuarxes Roruscnixp,

M.A.

[Plates XIV. & XV.]

Onz of the two species described below belongs to the genus

which we call Ctenophthalmus, Kolen. We dealt with this

generic name at some length in Nov. Zool. 1911, p. 80, and

came to the conclusion that its type is a species with three

genal spines. A.C. Oudemans, in a recent note on Siphon-

aptera (Entom. Berichten, 1913, p. 341), maintains, on the

contrary, that musculi is the type. He says :—“ The genus

Ctenophthalmus is well defined by Kolenati by the words

Siphonaptera from Asiatic Russta. 539

‘hat vor den Ocellen kleine bewegliche Ctenidien.’”? The

only European species of flea, Oudemans continues, which

conforms to this definition is musculi, Dugés. Oudemans, it

will be noticed, identifies (without further consideration)

the “movable ctenidia”? mentioned by Kolenati with the

spine-like frontal bristles found in musculi and allies, 7. e. in

the genus which we eall Leptopsylla. ‘These frontal bristles,

however, are by no means the ctenidia of Kolenati’s descrip-

tion of Ctenophthalmus. The list of species which Kolenati

gives as belonging to Ctenophthalmus proves that the

** movable ctenidia in front of the ocelli”? are nothing else

but the genal ctenidia, which are present in all the species

Kolenati mentions, while the frontal spiniform bristles are

found only in the one species to which he refers as ¢alpe.

Moreover, the whole context shows clearly that Cteno-

phthalmus was meant to comprise all the species with pro-

notal and genal combs. It was, in fact, a composite genus

with a very general definition, and without any fixation of a

type. We go even further, maintaining that Kolenati did

not know of the existence of the spiniform frontal bristles of

musculi, Dugés. He does not mention them anywhere, nor

are they indicated in the figure which he gives of musculi

(1863). We consider, therefore, Oudemans’ action as

being based on an erroneous premise, and shall continue to

use, as did Kolenati in his later papers, the name Cten-

ophthalmus for bisoctodentatus and allies.

It may be mentioned in passing that Oudemans is also in

error when stating that mwusculi is the only European species

with “ movable ctenidia in front of the eyes”? in Oudemans’

sense. There are several such species in Europe, one of

which (bidentatus, Kolen.,=monoctenus, Kolen.,= sobrinus,

Roths.) was already known to Kolenati besides musculi.

1. Ctenophthalmus dolichus, sp. n.

(PE XIV: figs. 1,2.)

3 ?.—A near ally of Ct. caucasica, Tasch. (1880), but at

once distinguished by the longer bristles of the hind tarsus

and by the modified abdominal segments.

The pronotal comb contains fourteen spines. The longest

apical bristle of the hind tibia extends to the apex of the

first tarsal segment or beyond, the corresponding bristle of

this segment reaching to the apex of the second segment,

and the second segment has three apical bristles extending

beyond the apex of the fourth. Several of the other bristles

38*

5-40 Hon. N. C. Rothschild on new

of the hind tibia and hind tarsus also are longer than in

Cl. caucusica.

The clasper (Cl) of the ¢ (fig. 1) is produced distally into

a very long and straight process, P’, which is longer than

in any of the allied species. The dorsal apical angle of the

clasper is rounded (P?) and bears three long bristles and

several small ones. The movable exopodite F is as large as

in Ct. caucasica. Its ventral margin is distally somewhat

concave. The ninth sternite (1x.st.) is less obtuse and

bears more bristles than in Ct. caucasica. The seventh

sternite of the ? (PI. XIV. fig. 2, vi.st.) is bisinuate, the

lower sinus being very shallow. The apex of the segment is

divided by these excisions into three lobes, the ventral lobe

hardly at all projecting, the second one being broad, short,

and strongly rounded, and the third much narrower and

longer than the second. The ventral row of bristles of the

eighth sternite (virrst.) ends with one short stout bristle.

A small series of both sexes from near Djarkent, Semi-

tchenskoi, Hast Turkestan, November 25th and December 5th,

1912, off Meriones tamaricinus.

2, Neopsylla teratura, sp.n. (Pl. XIV. fig. 3.)

& 9 —A very near relative of N. bidentatiformis, Wagn.

(1893). The pronotum, in the g, bears on each side only 1

or 2 bristles in front of the postmedian row, and in the 9

4 or 5, instead of a more or less complete second row.

The eighth sternite of the g has an apical brush of

bristles, the long bristles being of nearly even width from

the base to near the apex. The clasper (Cl) closely resembles

that of N. bidentatiformis, but the process P* (fig. 3), as well

as the movable process I, are narrower. The ninth sternite

(ix.st.) has a very characteristic armature. The horizontal

arm bears distally two rows of stout, short, spine-like

bristles. One row is ventral and placed on the outer side,

the other being situated along the centre of the inner surface.

She ventral spines are strongly curved inwards and back-

wards, particularly the proximal ones. In bidentatiformis,

of which Professor Wagner has kindly given usa Q, there

is only one row of spines, placed at the ventral margin, the

spines being almost straight (fig. 4). The manubrium (M)

of teratura is straight, with the extreme tip turned upwards.

In the 2 the apical margin of the seventh sternite is very

slightly incurved, with the upper angle distinct but rounded.

The eighth tergite bears a submarginal row of 8 bristles, the

row being sometimes continued proximally by some small

Siphonaptera from Asiatic Russia. 541

bristles. Proximally to the row there are 7 to 12 bristles,

and on the inner surface at and near the margin 9 to 12.

1 g and 2 ? 2 from near Djarkent, Semitchenskoi, East

Turkestan, February 11th and 19th, 1912, off a white weasel

and Meriones tamaricinus.

I am not convinced that Wagner was correct in sinking

his sefosa as a synonym of bidentatiformis (cf. Hore Soe.

Ent. Ross. vol. xxxvi. p. 143, 1902). The original specimens

of bidentatiformis, W agn. (1893), were found by Wagner in

the Crimea on Epimys decumanus, the above- mentioned 3

being one of these specimens. This example bears on the

pronotum on each side a postmedian row of 8 long bristles,

in front of this row another of 8 smaller ones, and dorsally

some additional small bristles representing a third row. We

figure the ninth sternite of this true bidentatiformis (fig. 4).

A 2, also received from Professor Wagner, obtained in the

Northern Caucasus off Spermophilus, and identified by him

as the same species, has a shorter pronotum, which, more-

over, bears only one row of bristles, the second (anterior)

row being only represented by a few pale dots, which are

presumably the grooves of insertion of small hairs. The

individual otherwise agrees fairly well with the @ @ described

above as teratura. As Wagner states of bidentatiformis, as

well as sefosa, that the pronotum has only one row of bristles

(6 on each side), and as the specimens subsequently identified

by him as bidentatiformis came from different countries

and hosts, a re-examination of the types appears advisable.

Possibly setosa is the same as ¢eratura.

In Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1911, p. 387, we described as

Neopsylla compar another species closely allied to N. biden-

tatiformis. In this species, however, the small hairs found

in bidentatiformis and teratura on the inner surface of the

hind coxa are, partly, replaced by short spines. The 2 2? of

teratura and compar, as well as the above-mentioned 9 re-

ceived from Wagner as didentatiformis, do not exhibit any

very striking differences in the seventh ‘and eighth abdominal

segments and the receptaculum seminis (ef. Proc. Zool. Soe.

Lond. 1911, p. 387, text-fig. 120).

3. Ceratophyllus curvispinus, Miya}, (1912).

Paradoxopsyllus curvispinus, Miyajima, wbi ?

Ceratophyllus subcecatus, Rothschild, “ Clark and Sowerby, Through

Shen-Kan, p. 194, no. 1, text-figs. 1, 2 (1912).

The author of curvispinus has very kindly sent several

examples of this species, which proves to be the same as my

5A? Hon. N. C. Rothschild on new

subcecatus. The description of subcecatus was already

printed when the specimens of curvispinus arrived, but the

book in which the description appeared was only issued in

the second half of 1912.

Although curvispinus is very remarkable on account of

the peculiar development of the ninth abdominal sternite

of the g, the species fits very well into Ceratophyllus as at

present composed. If the genus Ceratophyllus, however,

should require dividing up into a number of separate genera,

Paradoxopsyllus will probably be one of them.

The two following species are so similar to curvispinus

that a lengthy description is not necessary :—

4. Ceratophyllus teretifrons, sp.n. (Pl. XV. fig. 5.)

gS °.—The frons has no tubercle in either sex, whereas a

distinct frontal tubercle is present in both curvispinus and

in tbe new species described under no. 5. There are two

rows of bristles on the frons, the anterior row containing 1n

the g 5 or 6 and in the 2 4 or 5 bristles, the second row 3

large bristles in both g and 9. The occiput bears 2 or 3

bristles above the centre of the antennal groove, and in the

¢ 10 or more small hairs along the antennal groove. The

long apical dorsal and ventral bristles of the hind tibia reach

to the apex of the first tarsal segment, and the second

segment has in both sexes two apical bristles extending

beyond the fourth segment, these bristles being particularly

long inthe g¢. Inthe ¢ of curvispinus a subapical dorsal

bristle of the second hind-tarsal segment also is much pro-

longed, which is not the case in C. teretifrons. The first

mid-tarsal segment is at least one-eighth longer than the

second.

In the ¢ of teretifrons (fig. 5) the eighth abdominal tergite

only bears four long bristles, there being no patch of bristles

on the sides, and the eighth sternite kas on each side 3 or 4

bristles. The apical process P of the clasper is triangular,

not truncate. ‘lhe movable process I’ is longer than in

curvispinus, its longest bristle being placed nearer the apex

and its posterior edge bearing 6 to 8 thin hairs. The ninth

sternite has the same peculiar shape as in curvispinus, but its

ventral arm differs in being less abruptly widened in the

centre and having here two slender bristles proximally to

the two long ones, instead of their being short and spiniform.

The apical hook of the penis is shorter aud less slender than

in curvispinus.

Siphonaptera from Asiatic Russia. 543

The modified abdominal segments of the 2 do not present

any reliable difference from the allied species, the outline

and bristles of the eighth tergite being individually variable.

A series of both sexes from near Djarkent, Semitchenskoi,

East Turkestan, October 15th and November 15th, 1912, off

Meriones tamaricinus.

5. Ceratophyllus repandus, sp.n. (Pl. XV. figs. 6, 9.)

6 @.—The frons has in both sexes a distinct tubercle.

The bristles of the head and legs are similar to those of

C. teretifrons, but the anterior row of the frons contains one

or two bristles less.

The clasper resembles that of ¢eretifrons, but the finger is

a little shorter and bears fewer bristles at the posterior

margin, the interspace between the longest bristle and the

next below it being wider than in ¢eretifrons. The widened

central portion of the ventral arm of the ninth sternite

(fig. 6) is more gradually dilated, and the bristles it bears

are much less prolonged. There are in this place four

bristles, the first being the shortest and thinnest and the

other gradually increasing in length. The ventral angle of

the dilated apex of this segment is rounded, and not trian-

gular as in the two preceding species, and the apical hook of

the penis is much broader, shorter, and more obtuse than in

curvispinus and teretifrons.

The seventh and eighth abdominal segments of the 9

(fig. 9) are apparently indistinguishable from those of

teretifrons. The stylet, however, is half as long again in

teretifrons as in repandus, being in teretifrons as long as the

fourth hind-tarsal segment.

A series of both sexes from near Djarkent, Semitchenskoi,

East Turkestan, October oth, 1912, off Meriones tamaricinus.

6. Ceratophyllus consors, sp.n. (Pl. XV. figs. 7, 8.)

3 2.—A near ally of C. henleyi, Roths. (1904), and

maurus, Jord. & Roths. (1912), the apical bristles of the

hind-tarsal segments being long and the dorsal ones of the

meso- and metanota and proximal abdominal tergites

forming in the g a kind of mane. Two of the apical

bristles of the second segment of the hind tarsus extend con-

siderably beyond the apex of the fourth segment, being some-

what longer than in hen/eyi and maurus. C. consors, however,

is more easily differentiated by the modified abdominal

segments,

In the ¢ the eighth abdominal tergite (Pl. XV. fig. 7,

5A Dr. W. G. Ridewood on Flying-fishes.

viut.t.) bears many more bristles than in the allied species,

and is also more strongly produced posteriorly. In the

clasper and its two processes, P and F, C. consors agrees

rather closely with C. henleyi; but P is broader in consors,

and the proximal edge of F is not angulate. The ninth

sternite (1x.st.), however, is decidedly narrower distally than

in C. henleyi. The seventh sternite of the 9 (Pl. XV. fig. 8)

is obliquely sinuate, the lobe below the sinus being much

produced and rounded, except ventrally, while the lobe

above the sinus is usually narrow and pointed. This upper

Jobe varies greatly in length, being sometimes very short and

rounded.

A long series of both sexes from Djarkent, Semitchenskoi,

East Turkestan, October 15th, 1912, off Meriones tamaricinus.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

PLATE XIV.

Fg. 1. Clasping-organs of ¢ of Ctenophthalmus dolichus, sp. n. Cl,

clasper; P’ and P?, upper and lower processes of same; F,

movable process; ViILst. and 1x.st., eighth and ninth sternites.

Fg. 2. Seventh and eighth abdominal segments of 2 of Ctenophthalmus

dolichus.

Fig. 3. Clasping-organs of 3 of Neopsylla teratura, sp. n.

4g. 4. Ventral arm of ninth sternite of g of Neopsylla bidentatiformis,

Wagen. (1893).

PLATE XV.

Fig. 5, Clasping-organs of ¢ of Ceratophyllus teretifrons, sp. n

vg. 6. Ninth sternite and apex of penis of ¢ of Ceratophyllus repandus,

sp. n.

Fig. 7. Clasping-organs of ¢ of Ceratophyllus consors, sp. Nn.

Tug. 8. Seventh and eighth abdominal segments of 9 of Ceratophyllus

consors, Sp. 0.

9. Seventh and eighth abdominal segments of 9 of Ceratophyllus

repandus, sp. N.

Fy.

LXVII.—WNotles on the South-American Freshwater Flying-fish,

Gastropelecus, and the common Flying-fish, Exocoetus.

By W. G. Riprewoop.

[Plate XVI.}

Aurnovueu less popularly known than the common flying-fish,

Exocetus, the flying gurnard, Dactylopterus, and the African

freshwater flying-fish, Pantodon, the freshwater flying-fish of

Guiana, Gastrupelecus, may ultimately prove to have a better

Dr. W. G. Ridewood on Flying-fishes. 545

claim to the title “ flying-fish ” than the others, for there is

no doubt in their case that the pectoral fins are flapped

vigorously during the passage of the fish through the air.

The various species of Gastropelecus possess a deep, laterally

compressed body, with fairly long and curved, but not

remarkably large, pectoral fins. The length of the fish is

some 3 inches or less, The habits of these fishes are alluded

to in Mr. and Mrs. Beebe’s book ‘Our Search for a

Wilderness’ (London, 1910), and the species and their habits

are described by C. H. Eigenmann (‘ Freshwater Fishes of

British Guiana,’ Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum, v.,

Pittsburg, 1912, p. 47). The fishes are said to dart forward

for a distance of 40 feet or more, beating the water with

their pectoral fins, the upper part of the body alone being

exposed, and the sharp keel of the breast acting as a cut-

water. They then leave the water entirely for a distance of

5 or 10 feet, and, when exhausted, fall sideways into the

water again.

Removal of the skin from the front half of the body

displays the great pectoral muscle, which is one of the most

striking features of the fish. This muscle is in the form of

a thick sheet, thinning off at the front and lower edges.

The muscle-fibres radiate in an upward direction from the

front and lower edges to the base of the pectoral fin, to the

underside of the fin-rays of which their tendinous extre-

mities are attached. This great muscle, by its contraction,

draws down the fin. The elevator muscles of the fin are

small, no larger than would be the case in an ordinary fish

of the same size.

The great external pectoral muscle arises from the whole

of the side of a large keel or plate of bone lying in the

median plane of the body; the plate is corrugated in a

radiating manner, like a half-opened fan (see Plate XVI),

the radiating ridges of one side corresponding with the

radiating grooves of the other side. This corrugation of the

lamina of bone affords greater strength, and offers a larger

surface for the attachment of the muscle, than would be the

case if it were flat. The front edge of the keel reaches the

surface of the body, and is covered by thin skin only; it

forms the edge of the “‘ cut-water.” The pectoral girdle of

Gastropelecus has already been figured by C. T. Regan (Ann.

& Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) vii., July 191], p. 19), but when

dissociated from the rest of the skeleton its relatively great

size is not apparent (see Plate XVI.).

The great keel is composed of the coalesced right and left

coracoid (hypocoracoid) bones ; the upper front point of it

546 Dr. W. G. Ridewood on Flying-fishes.

is connected by ligament with the anterior ends of the

clavicles. The nearest allies to Gastropelecus are most

probably the species of Tetragonopterus, of the family

Characide. In Tetragonopterus, however, there is nothing

unusual about the pectoral girdle ; the downwardly directed

plates of the coracoids extend in close contact with one

another for some little distance, as in many other Characidz

(e. g., Chalcinus trachypomus ; see Regan, Ann. & Mag. Nat.

Hist. (8) vii. p. 19, fig. 1, B), but the plates are not fused

into a single median lamina, and they exhibit no radiating

grooves and ridges.

More remarkable than the great size of the bony keel of

the pectoral girdle of Gastropelecus is the high proportion

which the weight of the muscles attached to the keel bears

to the total weight of the body. Put roughly, the right and

left external pectoral muscles together constitute one-fourth

of the weight of the fish, whereas in the allied but unmodified

form Tetragonopterus the proportion is 1 to 140. The details

of the computation are as follows :—The weight of a speci-

men of Gastropelecus stellatus, taken from spirit and lightly

wiped with a cloth, was 6°50 grammes ; the weight of the

right and left external pectoral muscles dissected off was

1°59 grammes. The proportion of the latter to the former

is 1 to 4°088. In the case of a specimen of Tetragonopterus

eneus, selected as nearly as possible of the same size as the

specimen of Gastropelecus, the total weight of the body was

7°01 grammes, the weight of the right and left external

pectoral muscles was *050 gramme; the proportion of the

latter to the former is thus 1 to 140-2.

So remarkable is this difference in the relative size of the

depressor muscle of the pectoral fin in Gastropelecus and

Tetragonopterus, that it seemed advisable to compare by the

same method the depressor muscles of the common flying-

fish, Exocetus, with those of its nearest relatives, e.g. the

skippers, of the genus Hemirhamphus, for which no one has

claimed the capacity for flight. The figures given by C. D.

Durnford (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xvii., Nov. 1906,

p- 837) are computed from the depth to which a pin reaches

when inserted into the muscle at certain points, and not by

weighing the muscle dissected from the body.

There is nothing in the appearance of the bones of the

pectoral girdle of Hxocetus and Hemirhamphus to suggest

that the muscles are vastly greater in the former than in the

latter ; the proportions of the parts are much the same in

both, and there is not in either case a great keel or median

lamina of bone for the attachment of the depressor muscles.

Dr. W.G. Ridewood on Flying-fishes. DAT

For the purpose of this comparison spirit-preserved

specimens of Haocetus evolans and Hemirhamphus roberti

were taken, of as nearly the same size as was_ possible.

Hemirhamphus is a more slender fish than ELzocetus, the

lower lobe of its caudal fin is only slightly larger than the

upper lobe, and the lower jaw is greatly produced beyond

the upper jaw. For comparing the lengths of the two fishes,

therefore, it is better to disregard the lower jaw and the tail-

fin, and to measure from the front of the upper jaw to the

end of the scaly part of the base of the tail. This measure-

ment in thecase of Hwvocwtus was 151 mm.; in Hemi-

rhamphus it was 185 mm. The length of the pectoral fin

lying closed against the side of the body was 106 mm. in

Exocetus ; in Hemirhamphus it was 23 mm. The girth of

the middle part of the body was 81 mm. in Exocetus and

71 mm. in Hemirhamphus. In the case of Ezocetus the

weight of the body was 46°5 grammes, the weight of the

right and left external pectoral muscles *78 gramme, and

the proportion yielded was 1 to 59°61. In the case of Hemi-

rhamphus the body-weight was 39:0 grammes, the weight of

the external pectoral muscles °32 gramme, and the propor-

tion was 1 to 121°87. Or, putting it the other way, the

body-weight in each case being unity, the pectoral muscle-

weight is ‘0167 of the body-weight in Hxocetus and 0082 in

Hemirhamphus. In other words, the muscles are twice as

large in Exvocetus as in a Hemirhamphus of about the same

size.

That the pectoral fins of Hxvocetus are larger than in most

fishes of the same size is admitted by all, even by those who

contend that the fish does not fly, 7. e. flap its fins, but

merely uses the fins for gliding or “ planing” when once the

vigorous lashing of the tail has jerked the body obliquely

into the air. With an enlargement of the fin-area one

would naturally expect an enlargement of the muscles that

operate the fins. The pomt to be solved is whether the

muscles have been enlarged in the same proportion as the

fin-area, or whether they have been enlarged in a much

greater proportion, as would be nece essary if the fish is to

flap the fins so vigorously as to maintain the body in the air,

as is claimed by the adherents of the “ flying ” hypothesis.

For the determination of this point the lett pectoral fin of

each fish was spread out on a sheet of paper, a pencil line

was drawn around the edge, and the paper was then cut

along the pencil line. A strip of the same sheet of paper

was cut 1 centimetre wide, and this strip was shortened

successively until it w eighed the same as the piece of paper

548 Mr. C. T. Regan on a remarkable

representing the fin. The length of the strip of paper in

centimetres gives, with approximate accuracy, the size of the

fin-surface in square centimetres. The sizes so obtained are

probably too small, for it is not possible to spread out to its

fullest extent the fin of a fish that has been preserved in

alcohol. ‘The surface of the two pectoral fins of Hxocatus as

thus computed was 384 square centimetres, whereas the

corresponding area in the case of Hemirhamphus was 3°9 square

centimetres. That is to say, the superficial area of the

pectoral fins of Hxocetus is some eight or nine times that of

the corresponding surface in a Hemirhamphus of the same

size, whereas the weight of the external pectoral muscles is

only twice.

As an item of negative evidence, it may be of interest to

state that a microscopical examination was made of disso-

ciated fibres of the external pectoral muscles of Gastro-

pelecus stellatus, Tetragonopterus eneus, Exocetus evolans,

and Hemirhamphus roberti, 11 order to ascertain if in the

“flying” form the cross-striping of the muscle-fibres was

more pronounced than in the control species. The fibres,

after being teased, were stained, some with picric-acid-

fuchsin (van Gieson’s stain), some with borax-carmine ;

some were examined in diluted glycerine, some in Canada

balsam. Examination of these slides failed to show any

marked differences in the degree of cross-striping.

In conclusion, I have to thank Dr. 8S. F. Harmer, F.R.S.,

Keeper of the Department of Zoology in the British Museum,

and Mr. C. Tate Regan, M.A., Assistant in charge of the

Fishes, for providing me with the specimens upon which the

observations recorded above were made.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XVI,

Photograph of a skeleton of Gastropelecus stellatus (xX 3). Note the

great radially corrugated keel of bone, to the right and left sides

of which are attached the external pectoral muscles, which pull

down the fins.

LX VILII.—Phallostethus dunckeri, a remarkable new

Cyprinodont Fish from Johore. By C. Tate Reaan, M.A,

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

In 1904 (Mitteil. Naturhistorisch. Mus. Hamburg, xxi.

pp. 185-207) Dr. G. Duncker published a memoir on the

Tishes of the Malay Peninsula, and on page 171 mentioned

new Cyprinodont Fish from Johore. 549

a new Cyprinodont in the following words :—* Die beschrei-

bung zweier weiterer, einer neuen Gattung mit gekieltem

Abdomen, hinter der A. befindlicher D., gegabelter C. und

fehlenden V. angehérigen Arten dieser Familie behalte Ich

fiir spiter vor. Beide gehéren dem Brackwasser an (Kuala

Langat, Muar-Flusz bei Bandar Maharani).”

A tew months ago Dr. Duncker visited the British Museum

to study our Syngnathide, and I then asked him whether

he had published anything further concerning these fishes,

whereon he kindly offered to send me some of them for

description, as he was engaged in other work.

The specimens prove to belong to a new genus and species,

which is so different from other known Cyprinodonts that it

should perhaps rank as the type of a separate subfamily.

PHALLOSTETHUS, gen. nov.

Form elongate, compressed ; scales moderate ; vent

thoracic. Mouth protractile, oblique, with the horseshoe-

shaped lower jaw included within the shovel-shaped upper

one; teeth conical, biserial ; outer series of upper jaw curved,

rather strong, especially the anterior lateral ones; outer

series of lower jaw nearly horizontal. Dorsal fin short,

eee

SS east 5

yy x RRR

Phallostethus duncker?, male and female, a little more than twice

natural size.

originating above end of the long anal; in front of the latter

a median dermal fold placed in a groove. Female with

pelvic fins minute, below the pectorals, between vent and

opening of oviduct. Male with a large muscular appendage

attached between the expanded lypocoracoids and free

distally, bearing the vent on one side at about the middle of its

550 Mr. C. T. Regan on a remarkable

length and the genital opening at its posterior end, just behind

the articulation of an external movable, forwardly directed,

serrated bone ; anteriorly the appendage ends in a long

slender bone extending forwards to beneath the chin, curved

towards the side on which the serrated bone lies and away

from that on which the vent opens.

Phallostethus dunckeri, sp. n.

The form and proportions are shown by the accompanying

figures. I count 8 to 10 dorsal and 26 to 28 anal rays; the

caudal fin is imperfect in all, so that its exact shape is

uncertain ; there are about 40 scales in a longitudinal series,

and they appear to correspond to the myotomes, so that the

vertebree number about 40. Of seven specimens (three males

and four females) the largest male measures 25 mm., the

largest female 29 mm. in total length.

The external features of the lower surface of the head and

abdomen in the female fish are illustrated in fig. 2. A flattish

Phallostethus dunckeri, head and abdomen of female from below (xX 8).

a., anus; pv., pelvic fin; 0., opening of oviduct; w,, urinary opening ;

f., dermal fringe ; gr., groove,

median naked area margined anteriorly by the lower edges

of the hypocoracoids expands backwards and contains suces-

sively the vent, a pair of almost vestigial pelvic fins, the

genital and urinary apertures; from the last a low median

keel runs backwards. Behind the opening of the oviduct

the naked area contracts, and it becomes a groove, which

extends to the origin of the anal fin, becoming narrower and

deeper posteriorly ; the walls of the groove are supported by

the ends of the seven pairs of ribs.

new Cyprinodcnt Fish from Johore. 551

The male (fig. 3) differs from the female externally in that

the median keel is more developed as a membranous fringe and

in front of it the very deep groove extends forwards, being

margined anteriorly by the strongly expanded hypocoracoids,

from between which there projects downwards and backwards

a large fleshy appendage, oblong in form and laterally com-

pressed, which may be termed the priapium ; at the posterior

end of this can be seen the opening of the vas deferens, and

at about the middle of its length, on one side, hereafter

termed the “‘proctal” side, the vent, directly behind which

is the urinary opening. At the anterior end is a long and

Phallostethus dunckert, male, showing external features of the priapium

from the proctal and the aproctal side (x 8).

tx., toxactinium ; c¢., ctenactinium ; sh., shield of thick skin; v.d., vas

deferens; a., anus; w., opening of ureter. The two last lie ina slight

groove which indicates the boundary between the dorsal and ventral

muscles.

slender bony spine, rounded in cross-section, tapering forward

beneath the chin, and curved away from the proctal side ;

this rod may be termed the towactiniwm ; it can be moved

92 Mr, C. T. Regan on a remarkable

laterally or downwards to a certain extent ; ifs articulation

with the priapium is covered by a large rounded shield of

thick skin, placed ventrally, but much more developed

upwards on the aproctal side. At the posterior end just

below the genital opening is articulated another bony spine,

which seems to be freely movable outwards and may be

termed the ctenactinium; when at rest this is directed

forwards and lies on the aproctal side of the priapium; it is

laterally compressed, is straight, with the distal end some-

what curved upwards and ending in a pointed denticulation,

and it bears five other somewhat smaller denticulations on

its upper edge.

The skeleton seems to be typically Cyprinodont*; the

vertebrae number about 40 (9+31) and there are seven pairs

of ribs inserted on transverse processes. The minute pelvic

fins of the female are supported by a correspondingly minute

pair of pelvic bones.

In the female (fig. 4, A) the visceral anatomy shows but

little departure from the structure seen in carnivorous Fundu- |

line, except for modifications due to the anterior position of

the vent and of the openings of the urinary and genital ducts.

The large air-bladder is placed posteriorly ; the stomach is

a simple expansion of the alimentary canal, without ceca,

and from it the intestine runs straight back on the left side

to the air-bladder, turns downward and crosses above the

ovary to the right side, and then runs straight downwards

and forwards to the anus; the liver is large. The ureters

arise close together from the posterior end of the kidney,

which seems to be unpaired; they unite to form a single

duct, which runs downwards and forwards below the intestine

on the right side of the ovary and across below the latter to

the urinary opening. The ovary is unpaired, as in many

other Cyprinodonts ; it is a pyriform organ that lies in front

of the air-bladder and occupies the whole width of the body ;

it narrows anteriorly and opens almost directly to the exte-

rior, there being practically no oviduct.

In the male (fig. 4, B) the unpaired testis is very similar in

form to the ovary, but is shorter and deeper and does not extend

so far forward ; the vas deferens leaves it anteriorly and imme-

diately becomes closely coiled up into a mass that les in

front and to the right side of the testis, and is rather similar

in form but less in bulk than the latter ; within this mass

* In order to investigate the structure I had series of sections made of

the anterior half of the body in two specimens (¢ and 2); these were

of great assistance in making clear certain features that could not be

made out by ordinary dissection.

new Cyprinodont Fish from Johore. 553

the walls of the duct are thick and glandular, and from its

narrowed anterior end it emerges and runs with one or two

loops into the priapium at the posterior end of ifs junction

with the body, and then backwards and downwards near the

surface of the aproctal side of the priapium to above the base

of the ctenactinium, when it passes to the proctal side and

coils round in a complete circle before opening to the exte-

rior; this terminal coil has very thick muscular walls.

Phallostethus dunckert. Dissection of female and male (partly recon-

structed). ‘The pectoral arch and muscles of the left side have been

removed ; also the liver, which occupies nearly all the space between

cesophagus and intestine and almost surrounds the stomach.

@., esophagus; s¢., stomach; z., intestine; an., anus; a., air-bladder ;

w., ureter; w.', urinary opening; 0., ovary; g., opening of oviduct;

t., testis; v.d., vas deferens ; pv., pelvis; c/., priapial process of cleithra,

The intestine enters the priapium a little in front of the

vas deferens and runs downwards and obliquely across to the

anus; the kidney-duct accompanies the intestine and opens

to the exterior just behind it.

Immediately in front of the intestine a bony process runs

downwards from the cleithral symphysis to just in front of

the vent, and is produced forwards as a bony rod that forms a

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xii. 39

554 On anew Cyprinodont Fish from Johore.

skeletal support for the priapium ; it tapers anteriorly and

extends on the proctal side nearly to the anterior end. A

aid-ventral rod of bone runs the whole length of the pri-

apium ; the toxactinium articulates with its anterior end, the

ctenactinium with its posterior end; it seems probable that

these are modified pelvic fin-rays and that the bony rod with

which they articulateis the pelvis. The last-named lies between

a pair of longitudinal muscles which also run the whole length

of the organ and are more or less symmetrically arranged

except in the region of the anus, where they send out a dorsal

branch that runs on the aproctal side of the priapium right

up into the body and is attached high up on the inner side

of the cleithrum of the proctal side. The anal and urinary

openings and in front of them the prolongation of the cleithra

mentioned above lie directly above these ventral muscles.

A pair of dorsal muscles also run the whole length of the

priapium, lying nearly symmetrically and directly above

the ventral muscles except in two regions: (1) the region of

the anus, where the cleithral process and the intestine separate

them from the ventral muscles and with the cleithral branch

of the latter displace them towards the proctal side ; (2) the

region of the terminal coil of the vas deferens; here the

dorsal muscles unite, taper, and are confined to the aproctal

side.

The pectoral muscles attached to the expanded hypo-

coracoids are continued forward into the dorsal part of the

priapium, tapering anteriorly and ending above the base of

the toxactinium.

It is evident that the priapium is an intromittent organ.

Probably its distal end is brought close against or just within

the genital aperture of the female, and the ctenactinium is

used to hold it in position ; the toxactinium may also assist

in this ; the dorsal and ventral longitudinal muscles of the

priapium are probably concerned chiefly with the movement

of these two bony appendages. Contraction of the cleithral

branch of the ventral priapial muscles would doubtless bring

the distal part of the organ nearer the body, whilst the reverse

effect would be produced by contraction of the pectoral

muscles that pass into it anteriorly. The great length of the

vas deferens may be due to the need for the plentiful supply

of a glandular secretion in which the spermatozoa may live.

It is very remarkable that this little fish should have

developed so complex an organ for the purpose of internal

fertilization. The whole structure of the priapium is quite

unlike that of any other copulatory organ known among fishes,

and I believe that the coiling of the vas deferens to form a

sort of epididymis is also unique, as well as the wide separa-

tion of the openings of the urinary and genital ducts. No

doubt the remoteness of the genital orifice from the anal fin

has precluded the use of the latter as an intromittent organ,

as 1s done in the viviparous groups of the family ; in this

case there is no evidence as to whether the fish is viviparous

or not.

LXIX.— Description of a new Loricariid Fish of the Genus

Plecostomus from Rio Janeiro. By C. Tare Recan, M.A.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Plecostomus rachovit, sp. n.

Depth of body 5 in the length, length of head 31. Depth

of head 12 in its length, breadth 13, length of snout 1%,

diameter of eye 8, interorbital width 22. Length of mandi-

bular ramus 3 in interorbital width; in either jaw 20 to 22

teeth on each side. Snout ovate; supraorbital edges not

elevated ; temporal plates weakly carinate ; occipital process

well developed, somewhat acutely pointed, with a low median

ridge ; posteriorly itis bordered by several scutes. 32 scutes

in a longitudinal series, 8 or 9 between dorsal and adipose

fin, 15 between anal and caudal ; upper and anterior scutes

weakly carinate; lower surface of head and body covered

with granular scales. Dorsal 17; first ray a little longer

than head, when laid back reaching seventh scute behind

last, which is} as long. Anal 14, Pectoral spine reaching

anterior $ of pelvics. Caudalemarginate. Caudal peduncle

34 as long as deep. Body with dark spots, about one on

each scute ; spots on head smaller and more numerous ; fins

with several transverse bars or series of spots.

A single specimen, 135 mm. in total length, from near

Rio Janeiro, presented to the British Museum by Herr A.

Rachow.

This resembles P. laplate, Kigenm. (P. teniatus, Regan),

from the La Plata, in the large number of scutes, in having

the occipital process bordered by several, in the rather small

eye, &c. It differs in the narrower snout and smaller mouth,

broader interorbital region, longer and more pointed occipital

process, keeled anterior scutes, higher dorsal fin, and caudal

fin barred instead of plain.

39*

556 Mr. W. L. Distant on

LXX.—On some recently received Rhynchota.

By W. L. Distant.

HETEROPTERA.

Coreide.

Namacus nympha, sp. n.

Head, pronotum, and scutellum pale testaceous, more or

less thickly blackly punctate; corium dull ochraceous,

thickly blackly punctate, the apical margin narrowly dull

testaceous ; membrane bronzy olivaceous; body beneath

ochraceous ; legs fuscous brown in male, black in female,

the femora in male streaked beneath with ochraceous ;

antenne black, third joint annulated at base with ochraceous,

first joint incrassated, slightly curved, second joint a little

longest, fourth moderately thickened, central lobe triangularly

somewhat laminately produced in front of the antenniferous

tubercles; rostrum reaching the intermediate coxe ; ocelli

much nearer eyes than to each other; pronotum with the

anterior angles acutely, porrectly prominent, a transverse

impression near anterior margin defining a broad anterior

collar, thickly punctate with a faint central longitudinal

linear impression, the posterior angles slightly nodulose, the

basal area distinctly, transversely depressed ; membrane with

the veins prominent, only slightly furcate ; anterior femora

in male distinctly shortly spined beneath in apical area.

Long., 6 15 mm., 2 17 mm.

Hab. Brit. Guiana; New Amsterdam, Public Gardens ;

on stems of aquatic plants (G. H. Bodkin).

Apparently allied to N. prominulus, Stal, from Surinam,

but that species is described as having ‘‘ lobus medius capitis

prope basin denticulo armatus,”’ the lateral angles of the

pronotum in JV. nympha are slightly nodulose; membrane

not black, but bronzy olivaceous, &e.

Lygeide.

Paromius pallidus.

Plociomerus pailidus, Montrouz. Ann. Soc. Linn, Lyon. 1865, p. 229.

Plociomerus seychellesus, Walk. Cat. Het. v. p. 120 (1872).

Paromius seychellesus, Dist. Faun. Brit. Ind., Rhynch. ii. p. 50, fig. 37

(1904).

Montrouzier’s name must now take precedence over that

of Walker. I have seen a specimen of the first-named from

some recently received Rhynchota. 557

New Caledonia. It is found in Ceylon, Burma, Japan,

Seychelle Islands, and New Caledonia.

HOMOPTERA.

Cicadide.

Platypleura badia.

Platypleura badia, Dist. Ann, Mus. Civ. Gen. xvii. p. 453, t. iv. f.6 4,6

(1888).

At the time of the description of this species and until now,

I only knew P. badia by the female form from Tenasserim.

The British Museum has recently received a male example

from Burma, which I now describe :—

Opercula short, broad, and overlapping inwardly, not

passing the base of abdomen, obtusely rounded laterally and

apically ; rostrum reaching base of abdomen; body beneath

somewhat longly pilose.

Long., excl. tegm., g¢ 16 mm.; exp. tegm. 52 mm.

Hab. Lower Burma; Toungoo Distr. (G. C. Clarence).

INTHAXARA, gen. nov.

6. Head (including eyes) about as wide as base of meso-

notum, ocelli a little farther apart from eyes than from each

other, front depressed, a little shorter than vertex ; pronotum

considerably shorter than mesonotum, the lateral margins

moderately ampliated and more or less distinctly toothed and

angulated ; mesonotum (including basal cruciform elevation)

as long as head and pronotum together; abdomen con-

siderably longer than space between apex of bead and base

of cruciform elevation; tympana covered, tympanal flaps

about as broad as long ; opercula short, very widely separated,

not passing the first abdominal segment, which is centrally,

longitudinally sulcate, second, third, and fourth abdominal

segments furnished with a strongly developed tubercle near

each lateral margin; rostrum reaching the posterior coxe ;

tegmina and wings hyaline, the first with the basal cell

longer than broad, apical areas eight, the lowermost continued

along the inner margin ; wings with six apical areas.

I place this genus before Leptopsaltria, from which it is

distinctly separated by the second, third, and fourth abdo-

minal segments being tuberculated, &c.

Inthaxara rex, sp. n.

3. Body above more or less finely palely pilose ; head,

pronotum, and mesonotum brownish ochraceous ; lateral

558 Mr. W. L. Distant on

areas of front, area of ocelli, and a spot at inner margins of

eyes, two central, longitudinal, strongly angulated fascie, the

fissures, and two spots on posterior margin near each lateral

angle of pronotum, a central longitudinal fascia, on each side

of which is a shorter, broader, and much angulated fascia,

followed by a small spot on anterior margin, the margins of

ge obconical spot on lateral areas, and spots before the

basal cruciform elevation to mesonotum black; abdomen

paler brownish ochraceous, the margins of the segments well

defined, more strongly pale ly pilose than above ; head be-

neath and sternum brownish ochraceous ; face and clypeus

ochraceous ; anterior margin of face black, enclosing an

ochraceous spot, its posterior area with a central spot and

marein black ; legs and rostrum virescent, anterior tibiz

ochraceous, apices of femora and tibize and apical halves of

anterior tarsi black ; opercula slightly longer than broad,

outer margins moderately sinuate, Inner margins almost

straight, apical margins slightly rounded, widely separated,

the inner margins not passing the posterior trochanters ;

tegmina and wings hyaline; tegmina with the venation

brownish or fuscous, basal cell, costal membrane, a curved

line following base of second ulnar area and terminating on

upper margin of fourth ulnar area, basal margins of the

apical areas, and spots on the apices of the longitudinal

veins to apical areas fuscous brown; wings with the margins

at apical angles palely infuscate.

Long., excl. tegm., ¢ 30 mm. ; exp. tegm. 85 mm.

Hab. Frontier of Laos, Hast Annam (f. Vitalis de

Salvaza).

a lare

Leptopsaltria phra, sp. n.

3. Body above brownish ochraceous, more or less finel

palely pilose ; lateral margins of soph area of the ocelli

continued to base of vertex by two longitudinal lines, a

curved line in front of eyes, two central lines united poste-

riorly, anterior margin, most of the fissures, posterior and

subposterior margins, and a spot near lateral angles of pro-

notum, the margins of two obconical spots divided by a

central percurrent line, some irregular sublateral spots and

two small obconical spots near each anterior angle of the

cruciform elevation to mesonotum, and the posterior margins

of the abdominal segments black ; apex of abdomen above and

beneath black ; body beneath and legs brownish ochraceous,

bases of tibize and apices of tarsi piceous ; tegmina and wings

hyaline, venation black, the first with the basal cell, costal

membrane, and a spot on venation at base of upper ulnar

some recently received Ritynchota. 559

area testaceous, transverse veins at bases of second, third,

and fifth apical areas infuscated; rostrum reaching basal

margin of second abdominal segment; face centrally very

finely longitudinally sulcate, the transverse striations broad

and mostly black ; opercula reaching base of second abdo-

minal segment, apical margins oblique, apical angles rounded ;

lateral margins of pronotum distinctly toothed ; second and

third ventral segments with distinct lateral tubercles ; head

(including eyes) narrower than base of mesonotum.

Long., excl. teem., ¢ 22 mm.; exp. tegm. 66 mm.

Hab. Near Lao Kay, Upper Tonkin (&. Vitalis de

Salvaza).

Allied to L. andamanensis, Dist., but opercula shorter and

broader, apex of abdomen black, &c.

Haphsa nana, sp. n.

Head, pronotum, and mesonotum pale greenish ochraceous ;

head with a curved central spot on front, the area of the

ocelli, an angularly curved fascia before each eye, and

anterior angle of vertex black ; pronotum with two central

longitudinal lines, which are outwardly curved anteriorly and

posteriorly, the fissures and anterior area of lateral margin

black ; mesonotum with four ill-defined obconical black spots

more or less margined with ochraceous, the two outermost

longest, and between these and the central spots a smaller

anterior marginal black spot, a rounded black spot in front of

each anterior angle of the basal cruciform elevation ; abdo-

men above dark ochraceous, the central and apical areas

black; body beneath and legs ochraceous, most of the

striations to face black ; tegmina and wings hyaline, venation

mostly ochraceous, the costal membrane to tegmina greenish,

and the basal transverse veins to second and third apical

areas moderately infuscated; rostrum reaching the apices of

the posterior coxe.

Long., excl. tegm., ¢ 25 mm. ; exp. tegm. 73 mm.

Hab. Indo-China (2. Vitalis de Salvaza).

In general appearance closely allied to H. ntcomache, Walk.,

but differing in the size and shape of the opercula, which are

shorter (only reaching the base of the third abdominal seg-

ment), their apices broader and more roundly truncate, and

their inner margins more widely separated.

Platylomia operculata, sp. n.

Head, pronotum, and mesonotum brownish testaceous ;

posterior margin of pronotum and basal cruciform elevation

560 Mr. W. L. Distant on

to mesonotum ochraceous ; margins of the ocelli, a spot at

anterior angles of vertex, and the margins of two obconical

spots to mesonotum black; abdomen above castaneous, more

or less greyishly pilose; head beneath, sternum, legs, and

opercula brownish ochraceous ; abdomen beneath a little paler

than above, posterior margin of penultimate segment black ;

tegmina and wings hyaline, the venation brownish or fuscous ;

face longitudinally sulcate on its posterior area, the transverse

ridges prominent; rostrum not passing the posterior coxe ;

opercula long, reaching the posterior margin of the penulti-

mate abdominal segment, concavely sinuate on both sides

near base, widest beyond middle where they are inwardly

and outwardly convex, the apex narrowed and convexly

rounded.

Long., excl. tegm., 3 55 mm. ; exp. tegm. 140 mm.

Hab. Indo-China (R. Vitalis de Salvaza).

Allied to P. radha, Dist., but differing in the shape of the

opercula, which are a little longer than in that species, with

their apices much less suddenly narrowed and considerably

broader and convexly rounded.

Meimuna subviridissima, sp. n.

Head, pronotum, and mesonotum greenish ochraceous,

more or less finely greyishly pilose; head more or less

suffused with blackish ; pronotum with two central longitu-

dinal lines, which are sinuate posteriorly, and the fissures

black; mesonotum with a central longitudinal lanceolate

spot, on each side of which is an irregularly black-margined

obconical spot, followed by a small anterior spot and a broad

submarginal fascia black ; abdomen dull sanguineous, with

a central segmental series of transverse spots, not always

found on the apical segments, and a lateral segmental series

of small spots black ; head beneath, sternum, legs, and

opercula virescent, more or less greyishly pubescent ; abdomen

beneath dull sanguineous; tegmina and wings hyaline,

venation virescent or olivaceous ; face longitudinally sulcate

for about apical two-thirds, transverse striations distinct ;

rostrum reaching the posterior coxe; opercula in g¢ some-

what broad, reaching the fourth abdominal segment, well

separated from each other, only convexly oblique on their

apical areas, their apices convexly rounded.

Long., excl. tegm., g 37 mm. ; exp. tegm. 95 mm.

IIab. Frontier of Laos, Kast Annam (R. Vitalis de Salvaza).

Allied to M. tripurasura, Dist., but differing in the struc-

ture of the opercula, which in the ¢ are more rounded and

See Ss +s. Slee ee ee. Lhe

some recently received Rhynchota. 561

less oblique, much broader, their inner margins convex and

their apices broader and convexly rounded.

Meimuna raza, sp. n.

3. Head, pronotum, and mesonotum dull ochraceous ;

lateral margins of front, area of the ocelli, on each side of

which is a slightly curved fascia, and anterior angles to

vertex, two central curved fasciz and the fissures to pronotum,

a central lanceolate fascia, followed on each side by the

broken margins of an obconical spot, a small acute basal spot,

a broad sublateral fascia, and a spot near each anterior angle

of the basal cruciform elevation to mesonotum black ; abdo-

men above pale castaneous, the segments more or less shaded

with black ; body beneath and legs ochraceous ; face with

the transverse striations black, but much less completely so

towards clypeus ; tegmina and wings hyaline, the venation

more or less brownish ochraceous ; rostrum reaching the

posterior coxze; opercula just passing the apical margin of

the fourth abdominal segment, their apices shortly acute,

outer margins concavely sinuate before middle, inner margins

roundly oblique.

Long., excl. tegm., ¢ 26 mm.; exp. tegm. 78 mm.

Hab. Frontier of Laos, East Annam (2. Vitalis de Salvaza).

Allied to M. tavoyana, Dist., but differing in the shorter

opercula and their very much less attenuated and angulated

apices.

Terpnosia posidonia.

Terpnosia posidonia, Jacobi, SB. Ges. Naturf. Berl. 1902, p22: ide

Zool, Jahrb, 1905, p. 454.

Cicada stipata, Walk. List Hom. i. p. 155 (1850), nom, preoce.

Terpnosia? stipata, Dist. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xvi. p.553 (1905).

Terpnosia walkert, Dist. Syn. Cat. Homopt. i. (Cicadidie) p.78 (1906},

nom. noy.

Jacobi redescribed Walker’s species, of which the type was

an unlocalized female specimen. Walker’s name stipata was

preoccupied by himself in the genus, and it therefore had to

be renamed, which I did, as 7. walkeri. But, as Jacobi had

redescribed the species in 1902, which I now find by seeing

specimens for the first time in this collection, his name has

priority and must take precedence.

The black longitudinal fascia to the face is sometimes

almost obsolete.

562 On some recently received Rhynchota.

Geana annamens'’s, sp. n.

Body and legs black; ocelli, anterior margin (narrowly)

and posterior margin (broadly) of pronotum, two strongly

curved discal fasciz proceeding from the anterior angles of

the cruciform basal elevation, and a lateral spot on each side

of mesonotum, and the exposed lateral margins of the meta-

notum testaceous ; tegmina black, opaque, the apical margins

a little paler between the veins, a large pale greenish-white

basal patch beneath the radial vein, containing a black spot,

an iregular angulated spot on middle disk, with a lunate

spot beneath it, and three smaller subapical spots greenish

white ; wings black, about basal half irregularly greenish

white, and asubapical spot of the same colour; face promi-

nent, distinctly centrally longitudinally sulcate, the transverse

ridges somewhat prominent ; rostrum reaching the posterior

coxee; opercula in @ small, not passing the first abdominal

segment, lateral margins neatly straight, apical margins

rounded ; tegmina narrow, three times as long as broad.

Long., excl. tegm., ¢ 36 mm.; exp. tegm. "86 mim.

ffab. Frontier of Laos, Kast Annam (2. Vitalis de Salvaza).

Allied to G. vitalist, Dist., but differing in the narrower

tegmina, different markings, &c.

Geana sultana, sp. n.

3. Body and legs black; ocelli shining golden yellow;

anterior margin (narrowly) and posterior margin (much more

broadly) to pronotum, two central, longitudinal, much angu-

lated fasciz, a lateral streak, and angular projections to basal

cruciform elevation to mesonotum, and exposed margins of

metanotum ochraceous ; tegmina opaque, greyish brown,

basal cell black, a large pateh beneath radial area, an angu-

lated transverse fascia beyond radial area, and some spots | on

apical area orange-yellow, veins brownish; wings greyish

brown, apical areas fuscous, enclosing a greyish-brown spot

before apex, and with a strong greyish-brown indentation

near anal area, a black submarginal line; head longer than

pronotum, front somewhat porrectly produced; greatest

breadth of tegmina more than one-third of their length ;

opercula small, not reaching base of abdomen ; rostrum just

passing posterior coxee.

Long., excl. tegm., 38 mm. ; exp. tegm. 86 mm.

Hab. Frontier of Laos, East Aunam (2. Vitalis de Salvaza).

Mr. G. A. Boulenger on new Lizards, 563

Cercopide.

Tomaspis bogotensis, sp. n.

Black, obscurely finely greyishly pilose; tegmina with

two costal pale ochraceous spots situate respectively about

one-third from base and one-third from apex ; head and pro-

notum with a distinct central longitudinal ridge, head dis-

tinctly foveately hollowed on each side of the central ridge ;

pronotum transversely wrinkled and finely punctured ;

scutellum foveately depressed; face prominent, compressed,

centrally longitudinally ridged, transverse striations distinct ;

posterior tibize with a strong spine before apex.

Long. 8 mm.

Hab. Bogota (I. M. Vargas Vergara).

Allied to 7. ruzda, Dist., from Ecuador.

This species is locally known by the name of ‘ Mion,” and

is most destructive to pasture-land.

LXXI.— Descriptions of new Lizards in the Collection of the

British Museum. By G. A. BouULENGER, F.R.S.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Gymnodactylus asper.

Agrees very closely with G@. miliusii, Bory, except in the

much larger and spine-like tubercles on the back and tail,

and in the coloration, the upper parts being uniform yellowish,

without any markings. ‘The size of the specimen on which

this species is founded exceeds that of the largest G. miliusi

preserved in the British Museum.

mm,

RG tHIRLONEEES ait a clon ey aalny de «ten 185

Jethro Re PRG R ie ee ener Pines oe 32

Wiel er Heads oc sche cas on os ements 25

LEO ot SOE CMe Ie a eg ree al 78

GreveB DY he 's.2)p dale» Saale s Soldde Sess 40

ERirich Fimahy 8 cist eng hts cia's aie Was ced igaia 48

ea behing Ab em sine Suysta teeta 75

Milparinha, Western New South Wales, from the collection

of Mr. P. Schrader.

564 Mr. G. A. Boulenger on new Lizards.

Pygopus schradert.

Readily distinguished from P. lepidopus by the smaller

scales, the dorsals further differing in being but feebly keeled,

and in the shorter tail. 29 scales round the body, 97 pairs

of large ventrals. 14 femoral pores. Pale reddish brown

above, head with large dark brown blotches above, one on the

occiput being connected with a broad crescentic dark brown

band on the nape; a dark brown bar on the lips below the

nostril, a second below the eye, and a spot between the latter

and the nuchal band, which involves the ear.

From snout to vent 65 mm. ; tail 60.

A single young specimen, also from Milparinha, received

with the Gymnodactylus asper.

Gerrhonotus gadovii.

Head-shields smooth; three large prefrontals forming a

triangle or the azygous shield (=frontonasal} in contact with

the frontal ; two pairs of shields between the azygous pre-

frontal and the rostral, with or without a small shield

between the anterior pair; nasal well separated from the

rostral ; two superposed postnasals ; two or three loreals;

two or three outer supraoculars and four to six supraciliaries ;

ten or eleven upper labials. Side of neck with granular

scales. Lateral fold very strong. Dorsal scales in 16 or 18

longitudinal series (8 on the nape), the 8 median series

strongly keeled, the others feebly keeled; 42 to 48 trans-

verse series from occiput to base of tail. Ventral scales

nearly as large as dorsals, in 12 longitudinal series. The

adpressed fore limb reaches the eye or not quite so far; hind

limb one-half to three-fifths the distance between axilla and

groin. Tail subquadrangular and often a little compressed

at the base, once and three-fifths to once and two-thirds as

long as head and body ; upper caudal scales nearly as

strongly keeled as the dorsals. Brown or brownish olive

above, with small darker spots or lichen-like darker and

lighter variegations ; sides with dark and light spots, often

with black, light-edged vertical bars, which may be pro-

duced obliquely, as chevrons, on the back ; a dark brown or

black streak on each side of the head, passing through the

eye, bordered below by a yellowish-white streak extending

to the angle of the mouth; upper lip more or less spotted or

speckled with brown or black; lower parts yellowish or

greenish white, more or less profusely dotted or spotted with

black.

Mr. G. A. Boulenger on new Lizards. 565

Foti ilongeni sts. wali esa fas tees Ae aa 240

DIGI hadhdel BR re od Ades AE wakes as Game E F 23

Width ofheady acne stats ont eis 16

TOE VP ioted< de de ys eeieo aieia Gc. Qu Nate 69

Horeelinibrernse eee aa ee eae 22

1a Koay taal} es bec tithe eel SOC Ge ome 29

SU sui Wee ae oats, cp ee cay Bhan IAT ouchooavere oh ehenaern ers 148

Two specimens were obtained at Omilteme, Guerrero,

Southern Mexico, by Dr. H. Gadow a few years ago, and I

referred them to G. liocephalus. A number of specimens,

from the same locality, contained in a collection made by

Mr. H. H. Smith, and recently presented to the British

Museum by Mr. F. D. Godman, show the necessity of

proposing for them a new specific name. G. liocephalus

differs in the more elongate body, with more numerous trans-

verse series of scales, in the longer head, and in the coloration.

Lygosoma kitsoni.

Section Lvopa. Body elongate, limbs moderate; the

distance between the end of the snout and the fore limb is

contained about once and a half in the distance between

axilla and groin. Snout short, rounded. Lower eyelid

scaly. Supranasals present, small ; rostral broadly in contact

with the frontonasal, which forms a narrow suture with the

frontal ; latter as long as or a little longer than the fronto-

parietals, in contact with the first and second supraoculars ;

four supraoculars ; eight supraciliaries, first largest; fronto-

parietals distinct, larger than the interparietal ; parietals in

contact behind the interparietal, followed by a pair of

nuchals ; fifth upper labial largest and below the eye. Ear-

opening small, oval, with two or three small projecting

lobules in front. 30 smooth scales round the body, subequal

in size. Preanals not enlarged. The adpressed limbs fail

to meet. Digits short ; fourth toe a little longer than third,

with 11 lameliz inferiorly. Tail tapering from the base, not

more than once and a half as long as head and body. Brown

above, with some small blackish spots on the vertebral

region and a dark brown lateral band edged above with

lighter ; lower parts white.

mm.

Aereece Let st Hes eharora. Wis tanec, + avn ose ae ae 120

VCH yarcrr tas toiotes cites saiecoe Lenn 10

Wire thy olpheadre aa ntti, acy cere ln fi

SORRY arene or Mathie = cha Sratenare ohn arora eae 40

(Woroelirnpersyaweik oer aie yn eke ee te 10

Ekirrde lini tone wate enna. 15

gio) POPP Ce ee Oe Siwarele tee aware 70

566 Mr. G. A. Boulenger on a new Cyprinodont Fish.

This species is described from two sperimens: one obtained

in the Western Province of Southern Nigeria by Mr. A. EK.

Kitson, and presented by him in 1908; the other from Bibi-

anaha, Gold Coast, presented by Dr. H. G. F. Spurrell in

1912.

LX XII.—Description of a new Cyprinodont Fish from the

Sobat River. By G. A. BoULENGER, F.R.S.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Haplochilus kingit.

Depth of body 34 to 4 times in total length, length of

head 3 to 34 times. Head flat above; snout very short,

shorter than eye, which equals postorbital part of head ;

mouth directed upwards, lower jaw projecting ; interorbital

width 14 to 15 times diameter of eye; preorbital 4 to $

diameter of eye. Dorsal 6-7, originating 1} to 2 times as

far from eye as from root of caudal, above middle or posterior

third of anal; longest ray about 2 length of head. Anal

11-12. Pectoral about # length of head, extending to beyond

base of ventral; latter small, equally distant from end of

snout and from root of caudal. Caudal rounded, as long as

or a little longer than head. Caudal peduncle a little longer

than deep. 26-27 scales in longitudinal series, 16 round

body in front of ventrals. Yellowish, the scales on the sides

and back finely edged with brown, the black powdered with

brown; fins whitish, dorsal, anal, and caudal sometimes

blackish (males).

Total length 34 mm.

This little fish is very closely related to H. schoelleri, Bler.,

and H. loati, Blgr. It was discovered in a khor on the

Sobat River by Mr. H. H. King, Entomologist to the

Sudan Government Department of Education, who has

presented five specimens to the British Museum.

On new Mammals from South America. 567

LXXIII.—New Mammals from South America.

By OLDFIELD ‘THOMAS.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Alouatta inclamax, sp. n.

Mycetes niger, Thos. P. Z. S. 1880, p. 394 (nec Geoff).

Alouatta equatorialis, Elliot, Primates, i. p. 274 (partim., nec Festa).

Fur of medium length. Hairs of crown and forehead all

sloping downwards towards the face.

General colour black. Under surface mixed black and

buffy, the inconspicuous lateral mantle cream-buff. Hands

mixed black and buffy. Thighs black along their antero-

external edge only, their hinder and lower sides conspicuously

buffy, contrasting strongly with the general black colour.

Lower legs blackish all round ; feet mixed black and buffy.

‘Lail black for three-fourths its length above, its under surface

and terminal fourth whitish buffy.

Hab. \ntac, about 50 miles N. of Quito, Ecuador.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 80. 5. 6. 2. Collected

July, 1877, by Clarence Buckley.

Buckley’s Intac Howler, the first American mammal on

which I ever had occasion to write, was preserved until

recently as a flat skin, and this gave it a certain appearance

of abnormality, while its sex was not then ascertainable.

Now, however, that it has been remade, the sex becomes

evident, while the colour proves to be of quite normal distri-

bution. I can, however, find nothing to match it exactly,

its yellowish thighs and tail-tip and its forwardly-directed

frontal hairs distinguishing it readily from the other black

Howlers.

Its relationship is probably with A. caraya* and villosa,

but the former has only a trace of yellowish on the thighs,

and the latter has none at all.

Dr. Elliot assigned the specimen to Festa’s A. equatorialis,

but that animal is said to be chocolate-brown, and not black.

Alouatta palliata quichua, subsp. n.

The N. Ecuador race of A. palliata.

General characters as in A, palliata of Central America,

but the lateral mantle-hairs much more warmly coloured,

* By the kind assistance of Mr. Davies Sherborn Iam enabled to state

that Humboldt’s “Tableau synoptique des Singes de lAmérique ” (Rec.

Obs. Zool. i. pp. 553-863) was published by the 7th August, 1912, while

Geoffroy’s ‘‘ Tableau des Quadrumanes” (Ann. Mus. d'H. N. xix. pp. 85-

122) only appeared in the first week of October of the same year. Simia

caraya, Humboldt, therefore antedates Stentor niger, Geol.

568 Mr. O. Thomas on new

near ochraceous tawny of Ridgway, instead of cream-buff.

Posterior back finely ticked with buffy, the hairs commonly

black with buffy (ochraceous-buffy) tips, while in pa/liata

there is a variable mixture of completely black or buffy

(cream-buff) hairs. Tail with many of its hairs buffy, espe-

cially towards its tip.

Skull in general like that of palliata, but on the average

the mesopterygoid fossa is more squarely open anteriorly and

the zygomata are less broadened vertically, especially in their

anterior part. Thus in male and female quichua the vertical

height anteriorly is 11 mm. and 10 mm., while in palliata it

is 14 mm. and 12 mm, respectively, the general size of the

skulls being about the same.

Dimensions of male and female specimens, measured in the

flesh, the female the type :—

Head and body 530 and 485 mm.; tail 595 and 582; hind

foot 145 and 130.

Skulls: greatest length 113, 104; condylo-basal length

102, 90°5; zygomatic breadth 81, 73; combined length of

premolars and molars 36, 34°5.

Hab. N.W. Ecuador. Type from the Rio Blanco, 20 miles

W. of Mindo (about 79° 10’ W., on Equator). Alt. 2500’.

Other specimens from Mindo, 4200’.

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 13.10. 24.1. Original

number 145. Collected 26th June, 1913, by Gilbert Ham-

mond, Presented by Oldfield ‘Thomas.

On laying out the fair series now available of A. palliata,

the general difference between the buffy-sided specimens

from Central America and the present more tawny-mantled

set from Ecuador becomes very evident. The buffy-ticked

back, tendency to have a yellow-tipped tail, and the cranial

points above mentioned are further indications of subspecific

distinction.

Callicebus personatus brunello, subsp. n.

Among the Titi Monkeys in the British Museum which

have been referred to Callicebus personatus there appear to be

two different forms, one from the N.E. corner of S40 Paulo, no

doubt that which also occurs near Rio Janeiro itself, and

another from the State of Espiritu Santo, whence a good

series of it were sent by Mr. A. Robert.

The original Callithria personatus of Geoffroy was without

any more exact locality than “ Brésil,’’ and its description is

too brief to be distinctive, though the words “ Pelage cendré-

fauve”’ correspond better with the Espiritu Santo form than

with the more southern one.

Apart from Humboldt, who merely reproduced Geoffroy’s

Mammals from South America. 569

diagnosis, the next author after Geoffroy to mention the

species is Desmarest, who describes fairly fully what he

identifies as C. personatus from specimens brought by

Auguste Saint-Hilaire from the coast-region between ‘18° 30’

and 21°. on the rivers Itabapuana and others, including

the Rio Doce, Espiritu Santo—therefore from quite the region

where Mr. Robert’s series was collected.

In spite, therefore, of Spix, Burmeister, and other authors

identifying the Rio Janeiro Titi with C. personatus, it seems

to me that Desmarest’s determination, being the first, should

be accepted, especially as he probably had for examination

the type described by Geoffroy eight years before. This

type would seem to have disappeared by 1851, as it is not

mentioned in Isidore Geoffroy’s Catalogue of that date.

In the Espiritu Santo specimens the upper surface and

especially the nape, shoulders, and arms down to the wrists

are broadly washed with pale greyish white. From this the

more southern form may be distinguished as follows :—

General characters as in true personatus, including the

extent of black on the face, crown, ears, hands, and feet, and

in this respect similarly differing from C. nigrifrons, in

which only a narrow frontal band is black, the crown being

dark grey. Whole of upper surface greyish brown, this

colour extending uniformly over the nape, shoulders, and

back. Under surface similarly brown, without any tinge of

reddish on the chest. Fore limbs proximally a similar

greyish brown, inconspicuously speckled with buffy, very

different from the conspicuously whitish forearms of true

personatus; hands and wrists black. Hind limbs similar,

the greyish brown extending to the ankles. ‘Tail dull

reddish.

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :—

Head and body 3880 mm.; tail 420; hind foot 100;

ear 30.

Skull: greatest length 70; condylo-basal length 58°5 ;

breadth of brain-case 35; front of canine to back of m® 19:3.

Hab. S&o Paulo and Rio Janeiro. Provinces. Type from

Piquete, N.E. So Paulo. Alt. 600 m.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 1. 6. 6. & Collected 23rd

Jan., 1901, by Alphonse Robert.

Rhogeessa bombyx, sp. n.

Largest species of the genus.

Size decidedly larger than in R, tumida, the largest species

of restricted Rhogeessa as yet described. General characters

as in that species, the ears similarly reaching, when laid

forward, about to the tip of the nose. Colour above and

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. xii. 40

570 Mr. O. Thomas on new

below yellowish, darkened by the blackish tips to the hairs;

‘ut, owing to the specimens being preserved in spirit, an exact

determination of the shade is not possible. Membranes

uniformly black. Ears slender, their front margin slightly

and evenly convex; tip narrow ; outer margin slightly con-

cave below tip, then convex to the base. Tragus with its

inner margin straight, its outer margin convex, crenulate, a

well-marked lobule at its base. Glands at backs of ears large

and prominent. Wings to the base of the outer toe. Tail

involved in membrane to its tip.

Skull, as compared with that of R. tumdda, conspicuously

larger and heavier in all dimensions. _ Brain-case more

swollen, the frontal profile consequently more convex.

Occipital protuberance well marked.

‘Teeth as in R. tuméda, but larger throughout. Lower

incisors of the normal proportions, not as in Baodon.

Dimensions of the type (measured on the spirit-speci-

men) :—

Forearm 32 mm.

Head and body 44; tail 29; ear 14; tragus on inner

edge 5; third finger, metacarpus 29°5, first phalanx 11°8,

second phalanx 10°3 ; lower leg and hind foot (ec. u.) 18:3.

Skull: greatest length 14°5; basi-sinual length 10°4 ;

zygomatic breadth 10; interorbital breadth 4°8; front of

canine to back of m’ 5:2 ; front of p* to back of m? 3°5.

Hab. Condoto, Choco, Colombia. Alt. 300’.

Type. Old male in spirit. B.M. no. 13. 10. 29.1. Col-

lected by Dr. H. G. F. Spurrell. One specimen.

It will be seen from the above measurements that while the

forearm of this bat is not longer than is occasionally found in

R. tumida, its skull is decidedly larger in all dimensions.

Nectomys hammond, sp. n.

A glossy brown species related to N. russulus.

Size rather less than in the common grey forms of

Nectomys, such as N, squamipes, garleppi, and their allies,

markedly smaller than in saturatus, larger than in russulus.

General colour “tawny olive,’’ strongly lined and darkened

with black, the dorsal area markedly darker than the sides.

Flanks clearer tawny. Under surface not sharply defined,

dull greyish, the bases of the hairs dark slaty, their tips dull

whitish slightly tinged with tawny (more strongly tawny in

the second specimen). Forearms and metacarpals dark brown,

digits paler brown, thinly haired. Hind legs tawny olive ;

upper side of feet uniformly greyish brown, the scaling ot

the skin unusually clearly marked; fifth hind toe, without

claw, reaching to the end of the first phalanx of the fourth.

Mammals from South America. 571

Skull slender ; upper profile strongly bowed at fronto -

nasal suture, concave in interorbital region, convex again on

brain-case. Nasals unusually broad anteriorly, and not

strikingly narrowed behind. Supraorbital ridges fairly well

developed, but not rising vertically, continued back to the

outer corners of the interparietal. Outer plate of zygomatic

root but little projected forwards in front of the upper bridge.

Palatal foramina rather short, widely open. Lateral pits and

foramina on each side of the posterior palate but little

developed. Bulle small.

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :—

Head and body 203 mm.; tail 251; hind foot 32;

ear 18.

Skull: greatest length 43; condylo-incisive length 39;

greatest breadth 21°5; nasals 16 x 5°6 ; interorbital breadth

7-7; breadth between ridges on parietals 13°7; zygomatic

plate 4°6; palatilar length 19; diastema 12; palatal fora-

mina 6°7 X45; upper molar series 6°8.

Hab. Mindo, N.W. of Quito, Ecuador. Alt. 4213 ft.

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 13. 10. 24. 58. Original

number 168. Collected 4th July, 1913, by Gilbert

Hammond. Presented by Oldfield Thomas. ‘Two speci-

mens obtained.

The genus Nectomys falls into two groups, firstly, the

common widely spread and dominant species related to

NV. squamipes (N. apicalis, garleppi, fulvinus, &c., &e.), all

of which are approximately of the same size and general

character of coloration, and, secondly, a few isolated species

differing widely in size and general characters, but none the

less showing their relationship to the ordinary WVectomys

by their glossy fur and heavily ridged skulls. Of these

N. russulus is the nearest in size to N. hammondi, but is

still a good deal smaller, while N. esmeraldarum and

N. dimidiatus ave again conspicuously smaller. On _ the

other hand, N. saturatus, from Ibarra, Ecuador, is altogether

a larger and heavier animal.

It is probable that such species as the present are rather

less aquatic in their habits than the members of the

squamipes group.

Oryzomys arenalis, sp. 0.

A very small pale form of the “ Oligoryzomys ” group.

Size less thauin any of the allied species. General colour

above near “ clay-colour,” the underlying colour buffy, lined

with dark brown. Head slightly greyer and less buffy.

Sides buffy, a more or less distinct buffy line edging the

belly. Under surface creamy white, with a slight shade of

40%

Bie Mr. O. Thomas oa new

buffy, the bases of the hairs slaty. Har with the proectote

little darkened. Chin white. Hands and feet white. Tail

long, brown above, creamy white below.

Skull a miniature of that of O. stolzmanni, the anteorbital

plate of ~zygoma well developed, projecting forwards.

Brain-case not specially enlarged. Interorbital space narrow,

the narrow part long and evenly curved, not specially di-

vergent posteriorly ; supraorbital edges sharply square.

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :—

Head and body 80 mm.; tail 100; hind foot 21 ; ear 15.

Skull: greatest length 22°5 ; condylo-incisive length 1974;

zygomatic breadth 11:4; nasals 7°8; interorbital breadth 3 ;

brain-case breadth 10°5 ; palatilar length 8°8; palatal fora-

usina 4°15 upper molar series 3.

Hab. Coast desert of N.W. Peru. Type from Eten ; sea-

level.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 0.3.1.60. Original number

574. Collected 14th September, 1899, by P. O. Simons.

Presented by Oldfield Thomas.

This is a small pale desert species of the widely spread

group with well-developed anteorbital plate to the zygoma

and normal-sized brain-case. In these respects it agrees

with the much larger O. sto/zmannt, and differs widely from

QO. minutus, dryas, and their allies. Perhaps its nearest ally

is O. munchiquensis, Allen, from W. Colombia, but that is a

mountain form, and is not nearly so pale as OU. arenalis.

Ehgmodontia morgant pamparum, subsp. n.

Essential characters of the Patagonian H. morgani, but

paler throughout. General colour above pale mouse-grey,

with but little buffy suffusion ; an inconspicuous buffy line

edging the ventral colour on the lower flanks. Under surface

pure white, the hairs white to the bases except just along the

sides of the belly, where they have grey bases; in true

morgant all the hairs of the under surface (except Just on the

chin and interramia) have broad dark slaty bases.

Skull as in true morgant.

Dimensions of the type (measured in flesh) :—

Head and body 75 mm. ; tail 80; hind foot 20 ; ear 17.

Skull: greatest length 23°4; condylo-incisive length 20-2 ;

upper molar series 3°6.

Hab. Southern Argentine Pampas. Type from Peru

Station, F.C.P.; about 200 kilometres N.W. of Bahia

Blanca.

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 13.11.1.6. Original

number 8. Collected 2nd August, 1913, and presented by

FB. Pi Parkes, ad:

Mammals from South America. 573

Distinguishable by the practically complete whiteness of

the belly-hairs.

Philander laniaer senex, subsp. n.

Like Ph. l. derbianus, with the following exceptions :—

Head more entirely grey, the grey itself nearly white ;

mesial dark streak much less developed, almost imperceptible.

Light withers’ mark more prominent, light grey. Under

surface only Whitish on small patches in “chest and inguinal

regions, the rest, and inner sides of the limbs, washed with

pale tawny, like sides, but less glossy. Hind limbs like

sides, not greyish. Hairy part of tail hoary grey ; difference

between upper and lower extent of fur about 14 inches.

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) —

Head and body 257 mm.; tail 410; hind foot 44;

ear 33.

Hab. Mindo, Ecuador. Alt, 4200".

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 13.10.24.75. Original

number 150. Collected 25th June, 1913, by Gilbert Ham-

mond. Presented by Oldfield Thomas.

Lhis beautiful Philander is no doubt nearly allied to PA. /.

derbianus, found in Colombia to the north of it, but may be

distinguished by its more prominently grey head and tawny-

washed under surface.

Marmosa sobrina, sp. n

Related to MW. fuscata of Merida, but with a pale line down

the centre of the underside.

Essential characters, including the narrow unridged skull,

as in M/. fuscata andincana. General colour above of exactly

the same brown as J/. fuscata, mummy-brown on the back

grading into a drabby brown on the sides ; quite without the

warm shade—approaching to rufous—of some of the

Peruvian species, such as ¢mpavida, ‘I'schudi, and madeseens,

Osgood. Face asin JM. fuscata. Under surtace, from chin

to anus, cream-buff along the centre, the pale area varying

from about a quarter of an inch wide on the belly to three-

quarters on the chest, the hairs pale to the roots; on each

side of the belly the hairs are slaty basally, greyish termin-

ally. Hands and feet dull whitish. Tail uniformly dark

brown to tip, the terminal half of the underside inconspicuously

lighter.

Skull very long and narrow, decidedly longer than in

Juscata and madescens. Nasals slightly expanded behind,

Interorbital region smoothly rounded, without beading.

Dimensions of the type (measured in flesh) :—

Sage aud body 123 mm.; tail 156; hind foot 18;

r 20°95.

574 Hon. W. Rothschild on some

Skull : greatest length 37:4; condylo-basal length 36;

zygomatic breadth 18°2; nasals 17°6x3°7; interorbital

breadth 6°2; breadth of brain-case 12°6; palatal length 21;

maxillary tooth-row 15; three anterior molariform teeth 6.

Hab. Mindo, N.W. of Quito, Ecuador. - Alt. 4200’.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 13. 10. 24.70. Original

number 163, Collected 3rd July, 1913, by Gilbert Hammond.

Presented by Oldfield Thomas.

This is a representative of MW. fuscata, with a light line

down the under surface as in certain of the Peruvian species.

It may be really closest to Osgood’s M. madescens, but has

not that animal’s warm colour, which is as in JZ. impavida

and other members of the murina group. Nor has it a white

tip to the tail.

LXXIV.— Descriptions of some new Forms of Antelope, with

Notes. By the Hon. Water RoruscuiLp, F.R.S., Ph.b.

Adenota kob and its allies.

The forms of this group are very puzzling, owing to their

undergoing a seasonal change of pelage. The yellow-eared

forms differ, after the change, by an increase of white round

the eye and in an increased appearance of black on the legs.

The white-eared forms after the change are much redder,

owing to the shedding of the black hairs, which are replaced

by rufous. Jam of opinion that all the smaller kob antelopes

of this section, both yellow-eared and white-eared, are only

local races of one species, the oldest name for which is kod of

Erxleben, 1777, and, in point of distribution and coloration,

they should stand in the following order :—

Adenota kob pousarguesi, Neum.

Congo. .

Adenota kob kob, Erxl.

Gambia to Niger.

Adenota kob neumanni, Rothsch.

District west of Lake Albert.

Adenota kob thomasi, Neum.

Central and Southern Uganda.

Adenota kob notata, Rothsch.

Southern Soudan, Ahmed Aga, &e.

new Forms of Antelope. 575

Adenota kob nigroscapulatus, Matschie.

Bahr-el-Gazal.

Adenota kob leucotis, Licht. & Pet.

Nile above Khartoum.

A key to the forms is as follows :—

No white above eye, pelage deep rufous,

| ears yellows face oc sas nye ves 5 pod oes A, kob pousarguesi.

White above eye, ears yellow .......... 2.

White above eye mixed with pale yellow,

9 pelarerimbyous! oy ccc atts adel seek A, kob kob.

“*) White above eye pure, not confined to

EPH LOVER CVE! | valtrela'elsicci evn ays) costerave 3.

White running down slightly on to nose,

3 space below eye yellow .......... A, kob neumanni.

‘) White above eye extended, space below

eye whitish or pure white ........ 4,

White above eye, whitish below........ A, kob thomasi.

4 Above, below, and behind eye and face

: TET STS RAE Riot pikes er A A. kob notata.

Dark parts black or brown, ears white .. 5.

Dark parts brown or yellowish brown.... A. kob nigroscapulatus.

‘ Dark parts uniform black .............. A. kob leucotis.

Adenota kob neumanni, subsp. n.

3. Differs from A. kob kob by the larger, longer, and

stouter horns, and by the white over the eye running down

over the tear-duct on to the nose. Face entirely fulvous

yellow ; ears uniform yellow on outer surface with narrow

black tip.

Hab. Lake Albert Edward.

Adenota kob notata, subsp. n.

6. Differs from A. kob neumanni and A. kob thomas? in

having the whole region round the eye, above and below, to

base of ears and horns white, as well as a large portion of

face and nose. Lars on outer surface pale buff, with basal

portion white, no black tip.

Hab. Southern Soudan, Ahmed Aga on the Bahr-el-

Abiad, &c.

Taurotragus derbianus congolanus, subsp. n.

Differs from 7. derbianus derbianus and T. d. gigas in both

sexes by the horns.

6+ Horns gigantic and comparatively longer and more

slender ; those of the type exceed any measured pair of

T. d. gigas. Spiral twist starts much more on front of Fore-

head. Anterior crest of this spiral passes round the back of

the horns only once, NOT twice as in derbianus derbianus ; the

distance between base of horn and second frontal point of the

twist is much greater than in either of the other two forms.

576 On some new Forms of Antelope.

Space between lorn-cores narrower than in d. gigas, but

not so narrow as in d. derbianus.

Hair on forehead and between horns dark blackish chest-

nut, not bright reddish fulvous as in the other two forms.

@. Horns much straighter and much more slender than

in the other two forms, and more strongly ribbed in basal

area. The horns run straight back from the skull, the

points only turned outwards in the last two or three inches.

Length of horns, ¢ 42; inches=1098 mm.

2 ” 34 257, el 650 ”

Hab. Eastern Congo; ¢, Ubanghi District ; 9, N.W.

Tanganjika.

Bubalis tora digglet, subsp. n.

g. This is quite distinct from the four other races of Tora

Hartebeest. It belongs to the uniform fulvous section, viz.,

tora tora and tora rahatensts. It differs from both in being

much darker, almost rufous. The principal differences, how-

ever, lie in the skull and horns. The skull is, measured

from the basion, 399 mm., as opposed to 380 mm. in length

in tora rahatensis; the nasal bones reach further back

towards the eye-orbits, and are narrower and more pointed at

each end, and the skull at base of horn-cores is much broader.

The horns are much less bracket-shaped than in either of the

other forms, much closer together, and the terminal portion

nearly twice the length of the same in the others ; the terminal

portion is also much more bent back, and the points are

directed straight backwards as in Bubalis major. They thus

differ entirely from all four other races, where the points are

directed upwards, and in ¢. tora and t. swaynet outwards,

while in ¢. ranatensis and t, noacki they turn inwards.

Horns: length 204 inches=526 mm., girth 94 inches=

247 mm., width between tips 122 in.=332 mm.

Hab. Keili, northwards along the Ofat River on the

Soudan Abyssinian frontier.

The type was got by Lieutenant W. H. Diggle out of a

considerable herd, along with two other specimens, and

several others were got by the Hon. T. G. B. Morgan

Grenville. In his description of Bubalis tora rahatensis,

Mr. Oscar Neumann draws attention to hybrids between that

and B, lelwel lelwel, and on reading the above description

some people might think these were such hybrids ; but 1 have

seen several of these undoubted hybrids, which are all

characterized by much thicker horns, with shorter pomts—

and, moreover, are always uniques or found in very small

numbers in the herds of either parent, never in large herds

by themselves, as the specimens of my new form were.

—

A Synopsis of the Genus Tinamus. 5

LXXV.—A Synopsis of the Genus Tinamus. By Lorp

Brasourne, F.Z.S., M.B.O.U., and Caries Cuuss,

¥.Z.S., M.B.O.U.

Our work in connection with the Birds of South America

enables us to present the following synopsis of the genus

Jinamus.

No work on the entire group has appeared since the

publication of Count Salvadori’s Monograph in the Twenty-

seventh Volume of the ‘ Catalogue of the Birds in the British

Museum,’ which was issued in 1895.

Much research, however, has since been conducted in every

branch of ornithology, and this group has casually benefited.

The differentiation of the species into subspecies in this

genus is attended with some difficulty on account of the

small number of specimens in collections.

We have, however, to acknowledge our indebtedness to

the Hon. Walter Rothschild for the loan of his fine collection,

whilst Prof. L. Doilo has most courteously allowed the

collection in the Brussels Museum to be forwarded to the

British Museum (Natural History) for comparison. The types

of 7. peruvianus, Bonap., and 7’ blasiusi, Dubois, are contained

in this collection, and have been carefully examined by us.

We have also to express our thanks to Dr. Otto Fuhrmann at

Neuchatel, who was good enough to send us the typeof 7. kleez

for examination. ‘brough the kindness of these gentlemen

we have been abie to bring together a larger and more repre-

sentative collection than has hitherto been available.

Asa result, we cau now recognize six species occurring in

South America, whilst twelve subspecies can be differentiated ;

and from the examination of these specimens we anticipate

that, with a larger amount of material, other subspecies will

be separated.

We now admit Tinamus tao tao, Temm., from Central and

Northern Brazil; 7. ¢. k/eet, Tschudi, from Peru ; and 7. ¢.

septentrionalis, subsp. u., from Guiana, Venezuela, and

Colombia.

T. guttatus, Pelz., from Northern Brazil, Eastern Ecuador,

and Peru, has no subspecies, yet the series at our disposal

differs, more or less, from each locality whence we have speci-

mens. Thesame remark applies to 7. solitarius, Vieill., from

Paraguay and South-east Brazil. Of 7. major, Gmel., five

subspecies are admitted: 7. m. major, Gmel., Guiana and

North Brazil; 7. m. ruficeps, Scl. & Salv., Ecuador, E. Peru,

and Colombia; T.m. castaneiceps, Salvadori, West Colombia,

578 Lord Brabourne and Mr. C. Chubb—A Synopsis

extending to Panama; TZ. m. serratus, Spix, Venezuela,

Central and Northern Brazil; 7. m. peruvianus, Bonap.,

Peru. TZ. latifrons, Salvadori, is still represented by two

examples from Western Ecuador. 7. robustus inexpectatus

is a new subspecies from N. Ecuador.

The type of dlasiusi, Dubois (Mém. Soc. Zool. France,

1894, p. 404), is, as Count Salvadori stated (Cat. B. Brit.

Mus. xxvu. p. 498, 1895), an example of 7. tao kleet, Bonap.,

but it is certainly not the bird that Bonaparte described in

the ‘ Comptes Rendus’ (Paris), xlin. p.573 (1856). 7’. blaszz,

Gray (List Spec. Birds Brit. Mus. part v., Galline, 1867,

p. 101), is a nomen nudum, and Dubois’s name must be

separately treated.

We describe herewith :—

Tinamus tao septentrionalis, subsp. n.

Differs from 7. tao tao by the absence of the broad black

bars on the upper surface, which are replaced by fine vermi-

culations, especially on the upper back, where the general

colour is olive ; the underparts are also more finely vermi-

culated and the breast almost uniform lead-grey.

Total length 580 mm. ; culmen 41 ; wing 281; tail 105 ;

tarsus 77.

Type. ¢. Plains of Cumana, Venezuela; in Rothschild

Museum, Tring. ¢ and other specimens in British Museum.

Tinamus robustus inexpectatus, subsp. n.

Adult male. General colour above chestnut olive-brown,

barred with black; upper tail-coverts more uniform and

margined at the tips with rufous-buff, tail-feathers chestnut-

brown mottled with black; bastard-wing, primary-coverts,

aud quills dark brown, the secondaries mottled with rufous-

brown on the outer webs, some of the innermost mottled on

both webs at the tips; crown of head entirely black ; sides

of face and hind neck sandy-buff, minutely barred with

black ; ear-coverts blackish ; chin dull white; fore neck

more inclining to olive, with a submarginal line of black to

the feathers, which gives a scalloped appearance ; breast and

sides of body olive-brown, with black and white frecklings on

the middle of the abdomen ; lower flanks and thighs pale

buff, barred with dark brown ; the extreme lower portion of

tibia uniform brown ; under tail-coverts bright rufous-buff,

coarsely mottled) with dark brown; under wing-coverts

brown, some with pale margins; greater series and inner

of the Genus Tinamus. o79

edges of primaries ash-grey. ‘* Bill black, below light grey ;

feet grey ; iris brown” (Miketta and Fleming).

Total length 367 mm.; culmen 37; wing 237; tail 80;

tarsus 70.

Type. ¢. Salidero, North Ecuador ; in British Museum.

6 and other specimens in British Museum and in the

Rothschild Museum, Tring.

This bird is recorded by Dr. Hartert as T. latifrons (Nov.

Zool. ix. p.599, 1902), but it is quite different from the two

examples of that species, and is undoubtedly closely allied to

T. robustus, Sclater, from Central America.

The following key will aid to future determination :—

Key to the Species.

A. General colour slate-blue, washed more or less

with olive.

a. Olive wash absent ; broadly barred with black

on the upper surface, including the mantle

and entire back ; sides of abdomen faintly

ATE degwaitilny Dtettmeey eet pete ole) eee ancy oe tao tao.

b. Olive wash present ; sides of abdomen boldly

barred with buff and dark brown ........ tao kleei,

ce. Olive wash predominant; upper surface finely

vermiculated, the cross-bars more obscure

and restricted to the lower back and rump. tao septentrionalis.

B. General colour above olive-brown or chestuut-

brown.

d, Smaller: wing less than 200 mm.; with

buffy-white spots on the wings.......... guttatus.

e. Larger: wing more than 200 mm.; wings

without butty-white spots.

a’. Crown of head olive-brown; a longitu-

dinal ochraceous line on each side of the

HVPE CIES 2) Lies oy w'd-sr nad oe. ool cede eae solitarius,

b'. Crown of head bright rufous; no lines on

the hind neck ; back dark olive-brown.. major ruficeps.

', Crown of head chestnut ; back dark olive-

brown; bars on wing-coyerts very pro-

MACHIACOUN ea sis sfc a, deat eiviele ae as mates major castaneiceps.

d'. Crown of head chestnut; back pale olive-

brown; bars on wing-coverts almost

ie)

SSO. ee Oe ARE CRAs ote eee Ora major peruvianus.

e'. Crown of head cinnamon-rufous; back

Dec clEVe-DLOW ites tars a c'e'6 An baie ee a major serratus,

f'. Crown of head marnon-chestnut ; back

Pier OMVE-DEONIG) 91 sis ots oh 6x ds) fe eran major major.

g'. Fore part of head slate-colour; nape chest- _

NULLOMNE CE abetoy cake MEMES hee sia cos. a #,'6) 0 ale ap oretar's latifrons.

h'. Entire crown of head black............ robustus inexpectatus.

The ranges cannot be accurately determined, however, by

the few specimens which we have from each locality, which

show considerable variation.

580 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

LXXVI.—Descriptions of new Genera and Species of

Noctuide. By Sir Georce F. Hampson, Bart., F.Z.S.

Tue following paper forms a seventh supplement to the first

thirteen volumes of the ‘ Catalogue of Lepidoptera Phalenz

in the British Museum,’ 1898-1913. As, however, Supple-

mentary Volumes of the Catalogue to vols. i. to iil. will

shortly be issued, descriptions of the species belonging to

the Families classified in those volumes are reserved for the

Supplement.

The former papers appeared in the Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist.

ser. 7, vol. villi. pp. 165-186 (1901), vol. xi. pp. 337-351

(1908), vol. xv. pp. 425-453 (1905), vol, xix. pp. 221-257

(1907), and ser. 8, vol. iv. pp. 344-388 (1909), and vol. vin.

pp. 893-445 (1911).

The numbers before the species indicate their position in

the classification adopted in those volumes. ‘lhe types are

in the British Museum.

Noctuide.

AGROTINE.

49 a. Chloridea conifera, sp. n.

¢. Head and thorax whitish mixed with brown; palpi

white at base; fore legs darker brown; abdomen yellowish

mixed with brown, the ventral surface whitish. Fore wing

whitish tinged with brown and irrorated with dark brown,

the discal area whiter ; small blackish subbasal spots at costa

and median nervure ; autemedial line black, reduced to points

on costal half, oblique to submedian fold, then inwardly

oblique and incurved at vein 1; a conical blackish patch

from middle of costa enclosing the reniform, which has a

faint pale annulus, an indistinct oblique line from it to

inner margin ; traces of a dark postmedial line excurved

to vein 4, then incurved ; subterminal line dark, with some

dark suffusion before it on costal area, slightly excurved

below vein 7; a lunulate black terminal line; cilia dark

brown. Hind wing yellow ; the base dark brown, emitting

a short streak on vein 1, the inner margin reddish brown; a

large black discoidal lunule ; the terminal area black-brown,

its inner edge excurved at middle, then incurved ; a yellow

patch on termen between veins 4 and 23; cilia whitish

towards tornus ; the underside with the costal half whitish,

the termen towards apex and the patch at middle whitish.

Hab. Vransvaat, Johannesburg (Covke), 1 ¢ type.

Exp. 30 mm.

Genera and Species of Noctuide. 581

193 b. Timora umbrifascia, sp. n.

?. Head and thorax dark brown tinged with grey ; an-

tennze whitish ; palpi, frons, pectus, and legs dark brow iF

abdomen grey-brown, the ventral surface dark brown. Fore

wing whitish tinged with red- brown ; a dark brown fascia

in and just below the cell extending to termen, with a white

fascia on it in discal fold from middle of cell to near ter men,

pointed at extremities; the terminal area suffused with dark

brown. Hind wing white, the margin tinged with brown ;

the veins with slight brown streaks towards termen ; cilia

brown at base, whitish at tips; the underside white, the

costal and terminal areas tinged with red-brown and irrorated

with dark brown,

Hab. Niceria, Zungeru (Macfie), 1 2 type. Exp.34mm.

268 ¢. Micragrotis melanomesa, sp. nu.

3. Wead and tegule white slightly tinged with rufous ;

palpi black except at tips ; frons black at sides ; antennee

black ringed with white fomarda base ; thorax black mixed

with whitish and rufous, the metathorax with white patch ;

pectus and legs whitish mixed with dark brown, the tarsi

blackish ringed with white ; abdomen red-brown, the ventral

surface white tinged with red-brown. Fore wing grey-

white tinged with rufous and striated with brown, the

terminal area grey-white striated with brown; subbasal line

double, black filled in with white, from costa to vein 1, some

black suffusion beyond it on costa and below the cell; ante-

medial line double, blackish, strong and filled in with white

at costa, bent outwards to inner margin, the cell beyond it

black ; orbicular white, small, elliptical, confluent with a

patch on costal area; reniform small, white slightly defined

by blackish and with scme blackish in centre ; postmedial

line double, black and filled in with white towards costa,

bent outwards below costa, then very indistinct and excurved

with a series of dark points on its outer edge, a black patch

beyond it on costal area, with some wh Lite points on costa ;

a faint dark subterminal shade defining the whiter area; a

terminal series of small black spots ; ‘cilia fuscous , with a

fine white line at base. Hind wing semihyaline w hite ; the

underside with the costal area irrorated with brown, a post-

medial series of black points on the veins, and black points

on apical half of termen.

Hab. Br. B. Arnica, Nairobi (Anderson), 1g type. Exp.

94 mm.

582 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

440 a. Huzxoa pheochroa, sp. nu.

36. Head and thorax dark red-brown slightly mixed with

greyish; tarsi ringed with white ; abdomen reddish brown

tinged with grey, the ventral surface whitish irrorated with

brown. Fore wing dark red-brown tinged with grey ;

blackish subbasal spots on costa and below the cell ; ante-

medial line with double blackish spots at costa, then waved

and strongly angled outwards above inner margin ; orbicular

a small brown spot ; reniform faintly defined by brown; a

diffused brown medial line, oblique to lower angle of cell,

then waved; postmedial line with small blackish spot at

costa, slightly bent outwards below costa, then dentate, ex-

curved to vein 4, then oblique, some pale points beyond it

on costa; subterminal line faint, pale defined on inner side

by very slight dentate red-brown marks, excurved below

vein 7 and at middle, the area beyond it slightly darker ;

cilia reddish ochreous with brown lines near base and at

middle. Hind wing white tinged with red-brown ; a slight

discoidal spot, curved postmedial line, and a terminal line ;

the underside with the costal area irrorated with blackish,

the postmedial line diffused.

Hab. Peru, Acopampa (Watkins), 1 g type. Eup.

30 mm.

772a. Agrotis griseofusca, sp. Nn.

3d. Head and thorax glossy black-brown ; pectus and legs

black-brown, the tarsi ringed with white; abdomen pale

ochreous, the ventral surface suffused with brown. Fore

wing black-brown with a silvery blue-grey gloss ; antemedial

line fine, black, very highly dentate outwards in the inter-

spaces and inwards on the veins, the tooth in cell extending

nearly to the reniform, which is small, with blackish centre

and ochreous annulus defined by black ; postmedial line

indistinct, black, bent outwards below costa, then produced

to short streaks on the veins, incurved below vein 4; the

veins of terminal area slightly streaked with black ; a ter-

minal series of minute black points. Hind wing pure white,

the costa and cilia towards apex fuscous ; the underside with

the costal area irrorated with brown except at base.

Hab. Br. EH. Arrica, Nairobi (Anderson), 1 g type.

Yep. 30 mm.

7726. Agrotis rufescens, sp. ni.

3d. Head, thorax, and abdomen rufous mixed with some

dark brown; antennz blackish ; legs dark brown, the tarsi

Grenera and Species of Noctuide. 583

slightly ringed with white; ventral surface of abdomen

suffused with dark brown. Fore wing rufous slightly irro-

rated with brown; the costal area suffused with black-brown

except at apex, interrupted at the lines ; a minute whitish

spot at base of costa defined on outer side by black; sub-

basal line represented by double oblique black striz filled in

with white from costa and a whitish spot below the cell, a

fine sinuous black streak in submedian fold from it to the

antemedial line, which is double, brown filled in with whitish,

very highly angled outwards in the interspaces and inwards

on the veins; orbicular and reniform small, rounded, and

defined by black, closely approximated and connected by a

black streak in discal fold; postmedial line double, brown

filled in with whitish, bent outwards below costa, then

minutely dentate, incurved below vein 4 and angled outwards

at vein 1, some minute white points beyond it on costa, and

blackish points on the veins. Hind wing white, the costa

tinged with brown towards apex, the underside with the costal

area irrorated with brown.

Hab. N. Nicerta, Minna (Macfie), 2 ¢ type. Ezp.

24 mm.

778 a. Agrotis melamesa, sp. n.

?. Head ochreous tinged with red-brown; antennze

blackish ; palpi irrorated with blackish except towards tips ;

thorax red-brown mixed with grey and slightly irrorated

with blackish ; pectus and legs ochreous suffused with brown,

the tarsi dark brown with pale rings ; abdomen grey-brown.

Fore wing greyish suffused with red-brown, the costal area

suffused with black-brown except at apex, interrupted at the

lines ; subbasal line double, brown filled in with whitish,

sinuous, from costa to submedian fold; antemedial line

double, blackish filled in with whitish, oblique, waved ; orbi-

cular and reniform small, incompletely defined by black, a

quadrate black patch between them and two slight black

marks on outer edge of reniform ; a sinuous dark medial line

from cell to inner margin ; postmedial line indistinct, double,

filled in with whitish, strongly bent outwards below costa,

then with double black points at the veins, incurved below

vein 4, some minute white points beyond it on costa ; traces

of a pale sinuous subterminal line; a terminal series of

minute black points. Hind wing white slightly tinged with

brown, the cilia whiter except at apex; the underside with

the costal area irrorated with brown, a postmedial dark bar

from costa.

Hub. N. Nigeria, Minna (Macfie), 2 2? type. Eup.

26 mm,

584 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

779 a. Agrotis ustula, sp. 0.

¢. Head and thorax dark red-brown, the tegule except

at tips yellow mixed with red, and with slight red medial

line ; pectus and legs black-brown, the throat ochreous, the

fore cox bright rufous, the tarsi ringed with ochreous;

abdomen pale red-brown, the ventral surface ochreous.

Fore wing pale ochreous yellow suffused with fiery red, except

the base and the cell and area just below it to the antemedial

line, the inner area suffused with blackish except at base ;

a fine black streak in submedian fold before the antemedial

line, which is double, blackish, dentate, bent inwards to

inner margin ; orbicular pale ochreous yellow with small

black spot in centre, its outer edge produced to a point con-

fluent with the reniform, which has a greyish centre defined

by black and ochreous- ‘yellow annulus on inner side only ; >

au oblique dark shade ‘from lower angle of cell to inner

margin ; postmedial line double and black at costa, strongly

bent outwards below costa, then represented by an oblique

series of black points on the veins defined on outer side by

ochreous points, the veins beyond them streaked with black ;

the terminal part of costa black with a series of pale points ;

an ochreous apical patch, the termen below it with a series

of black points; cilia ochreous with slight dark line near

base except towards apex and intersected with black at

veins 6 to 4. Hind wing semihyaliue white faintly tinged

with brown, aslight discoidal point and terminal line ; the

underside with the costal area tinged with ochreous and

irrorated with brown, a black discoidal spot, postmedial

series of minute streaks on the veins and terminal series of

small black spots from apex to vein 2.

Hab. Br. E. Arrica, Nairobi (Anderson), 1 g type.

Exp. 28 wm.

841 a. Episilia cirphidia, sp. n.

3. Head and thorax red-brown mixed with grey and some

fuscous ; abdomen grey suffused with red-brown. Fore

wing grey tinged with red-brown and thickly irrorated with

dark brown; a dark brown fascia below median nervure; a

minute black spot in middle of cell and two discoidal spots ;

a whitish streak in discal fold from the discocellulars to

before termen, with dark red-brown fascia above and below

it, met by an oblique red-brown shade from termen below

apex ; a terminal series of minute black spots ; cilia whitish,

with a brown line near base. Hind wing pale red-brown ;

cilia whitish, with a red-brown line through them ; the

Genera and Species of Noctuide. 585

underside whitish tinged with red-brown, the costal area

irrorated with brown.

Hab. Peru, Acopampa (Watkins), 1 g type. zp.

40 mm.

84145. Episilia leucaniades, sp. n.

6. Head and thorax bright red-brown ; abdomen fuscous

brown, the anal tuft red-brown. Fore wing bright red-

brown irrorated with a few black scales; a blackish streak

along terminal part of median nervure and above vein 4 to

before termen ; two minute black points in middle of cell

and a discoidal point; a terminal series of minute black

spots. Hind wing dull reddish brown tinged with grey;

cilia grey, with a brown line through them ; the underside

with the costal half brownish white, irrorated with a few

black scales, the inner half dark brown, a terminal series of

minute black spots.

Hab. Peru, Acopampa (Watkins), 1 g type. Exp.

36 mm.

89la. Episilia pyronota, sp. n.

6. Head and basal half of tegule white slightly tinged

with red ; antennz fuscous except towards base; palpi red,

the second joint with some black at sides, the tips whitish :

terminal half of tegule and thorax bright chestnut-red, the

tegulz with white line towards tips ; pectus and legs whitish

tinged with red, the tibiw streaked with black, the tarsi

blackish at extremities ; abdomen whitish tinged with red,

the dorsum suffused with fuscous, a sublateral series of black

spots, Fore wing whitish suffused with bright chestnut-red

except on costal area, the median nervure streaked with

white, the veins of terminal area pale faintly defined by

brown streaks; a strong black fascia below basal half of

median nervure and a black streak above middle of median

nervure ; a small black spot in middle of cell and small

discoidal lunule; a postmedial series of black points, bent

outwards below costa and oblique below vein 4; a wedge-

shaped blackish shade from termen at discal fold, a lunulate

shade below vein 3, and a terminal series of black points.

Hind wing pure white, the inner margin slightly tinged with

brown ; a small] black discoidal point and terminal series of

striz from apex to vein 2. Underside of fore wing with the

disk suffused with fuscous ; hind wing with the costal area

tinged with rufous and irrerated with black,

Ab. 1. Fore wing less strongly suffused with chestnut-red.

Hab. Perv, Agualani {Ockenden), 2 3 type, Acopampa,

12g. Exp. 30-34 mm.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol, xii. 41

586 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

891 b. Kpisila lacteicosta, sp. n.

¢. Headand thorax whitish tinged with rufous ; antennz

blackish except towards base; palpi rufous, white at tips and

with some black at side of second joint ; abdomen whitish

tinged with rufous and dorsally with brown. Fore wing

whitish suffused with bright rufous except on costal area

and slightly irrorated with black ; the median nervure

streaked with white; a strong black fascia below basal half

of median nervure and a black streak above middle of median

nervure; a small black spot in middle of cell and larger

discoidal spot with a blackish streak between their lower

parts continued faintly above vein 4 ; a postmedial series of

black points, bent outwards below costa and oblique below

vein 4; a wedge-shaped black shade from termen at discal

fold, a lunulate shade below vein 3, and a terminal series of

black points. Hind wing pure white, the imner margin

famtly tinged with brown ; a small blackish discoidal spot

aud terminal series of black strie from apex to vein 2.

Underside of fore wing with the disk suffused with fuscous ;

hind wing with the costa tinged with rufous and the costal

area irrorated with large black scales.

Hab. Perv, Agualani (Ockenden), 2 8 type. Exp. 32-

o4 mm.

Genus TRICHOPHOTIA, Noy.

Type, 7’. homogenea.

Proboscis fully developed ; palpi obliquely upturned, the

second joint reaching to about middle of frons and rather

broadly scaled in front, the third short, porrect; frons smooth

with tuft of scales and flattened tuft above between antenne ;

eyes large, round, hairy, not overhung by cilia; antenna

ciliated ; thorax clothed with hair and scales mixed, the

pro- and metathorax with spreading crests; tibiee moderately

fringed with hair, all the tibize spined ; abdomen with some

rough hair at base, but without crests. Fore wing rather

long and narrow, the apex rounded, the termen evenly

curved and not crenulate; veins 3 and 5 from near angle

of cell; 6 from upper angle; 9 from 10 anastomosing with

8 to form the areole ; J1 from cell. Hind wing with veins

3, 4 from angle of cell or shortly stalked; 5 obsolescent

from middle of discocellulars ; 6, 7 stalked ; 8 anastomosing

with the cell near base only.

893 a. Trichophotia homogenea, sp. 0.

dg. Head and thorax red-brown mixed with black-brown

Genera and Species of Noctuide. 587

and grey; palpi black-brown, the extremity of second joint

white ; tegule with black-brown medial line edged with

white behind; tarsi black-brown ringed with white; abdo-

men grey suffused with brown. Fore wing grey tinged in

parts with brown and irrorated with black-brown ; double

subbasal black strize from costa and cell and a black fascia

below the cell from the latter to the antemedial line which

is formed by double black spots at costa and a double

oblique waved line from cell to inner margin; claviform

defined by black, moderate ; orbicular and reniform defined

by black, rather small, the former round, the latter with its

centre defined by black-brown, a black fascia before the

former and two streaks on brown suffusion between them ;

postmedial line with two black spots at costa, then dark

brown, bent outwards below costa, then somewhat dentate

with a double series of black points beyond it, strongly

incurved below vein 4 and touching lower part of reniform,

some black-brown suffusion beyond it on costal area with

white points on costa ; a wedge-shaped patch of dark brown

suffusion from termen at discal fold and a lunulate patch

below vein 3; a terminal series of small black lunules;

a fine pale line at base of cilia followed by a brown line.

Hind wing white; a blackish discoidal spot and terminal

series of small spots except towards tornus; the underside

with the costal area irrorated with black, a postmedial series

of minute dark streaks on the veins.

Ab. 1. Fore wing more uniform brown, the dark markings

in the cell and on postmedial area reduced.

Hab. Peru, Agualani (Ockenden), 1 g type, Acopampa,

1g. Ezp. 30 mm.

976 b. Lycophotia costaneata, sp. n.

¢. Head and thorax purplish grey mixed with chestnut-

red and irrorated with a few black scales; tegule with

black- brown line near tips; antenne blackish, whitish

towards base; palpi chestnut-red, whitish at tips; sides of

frons black-brown ; pectus and legs chestnut-red, the tibize

grey irrorated with blackish ; abdomen grey towards base,

rufous towards extremity, the ventral surface chestnut-red.

Fore wing purplish grey suffused with chestnut-red, espe-

cially on terminal area, and irrorated with a few black scales;

antemedial line grey defined on each side by chestnut-red,

oblique, waved ; a small round black spot defined by grey in

middle of cell and minute discoidal lunule faintly defined by

grey : postmedial line grey defined on each side by chestnut-

red, bent outwards below costa, then dentate, incurved below

4\*

588 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

vein 4; a terminal series of blackish points and a fine pale

line at base of cilia. Hind wing pure white; a blackish

diseoidal point and terminal series of strize from apex to

above vein 8; cilia tinged with rufous at apex. Underside

of fore wing suffused with fuscous brown except at costa ;

hind wing with the costal area tinged with rufous and

irrorated with black, a small discoidal spot.

Hab. Peru, Acopampa (Waikins), 1 3g type. Hap.

34mm.

976 ¢. Lycophotia carnea, sp. n.

dg. Head and thorax bright rufous; antenne dark brown

except towards base; palpi chestnut-red except at tips, the

sides of frons dark brown ; ; pectus chestnut-red in front ;

tibize and tarsi grey-brown streaked with blackish ; abdomen

grey-brown, the extremity and ventral surface bright rufous.

lore wing flesh-red tinged with greyish and sparsely irrorated

with black ; an indistinct oblique maculate rufous antemedial

line ; a blackish point in middle of cell and slight dark dis-

coidal bar ; postmedial line indistinct, dark, bent outwards

below costa, then dentate, excurved to vein 4, then incurved ;

a terminal series of black points. Hind wing pure white ;

a blackish discoidal poimt and terminal series of striz from

apex to above vein 3; cilia tinged with rufous at apex.

Underside of fore wing suffused with fuscous brown except

at costa; hind wing with the costal area rufous irrorated

with black, a small black discoidal spot.

Hab. Perv, Uruhuasi, 1 ¢ type. Hap. 32 mm.

1014. Aplectoides occidens, sp. n.

9. Head and thorax violaceous grey mixed with brown ;

peetus and abdomen whitish tinged with rufous. Fore wing

violaceous grey irrorated with “brown ; a curved black sub-

basal line from costa to vein 1; antemedial line black

defined on inner side by grey, oblique, sinuous; claviform

moderate, defined by black ; orbicular and reniform grey

defined by black, the former oblique, elliptical, open above,

a red-brown shade before and between them in and below

the cell; a faint sinuous red-brown line from lower angle of

cell to inner margin; postmedial line indistinct, bent out-

wards below costa, then somewhat dentate, excurved to

vein 4, then inecurved, some pale points beyond it on costa ;

subter ‘minal line indistinct, whitish, exeurved below vein 7

and at middle, with a slight red- brown patch before it on

costa and black streaks on the veins ; a terminal series of

small black lunules. Hind wing whitish suffused with red-

Genera and Species of Noctuide. 589

brown, the cilia paler; the underside whitish tinged and

irrorated with brown, a small dark discoidal spot and curved

sinuous postmedial line.

Hab. Canava, Br. Columbia, Sicamous (Miss Ricardo),

1 ? type, Peachland in Coll. Wolley-Dod. Eap. 34 mm.

1016 a. Aplectoides beddeci, sp. n.

6. Head and thorax white tinged with ochreous and

mixed with some black ; palpi black at tips; teguls with

black band near tips ; abdomen white tinged with ochreous

brown and with lateral black stripes. Fore wing white

tinged in parts with ochreous and slightly irrorated with

black, the medial area more strongly irrorated ; subbasal

line black, angled outwards below costa and ending at sub-

median fold, in which there is a slight black streak towards

base ; antemedial line strong, black, dentate towards costa,

excurved in submedian interspace and angled inwards on

vein 1; claviform defined by black and connected by a short

streak with the postmedial line; orbicular and reniform

strongly defined by black except above, constricted at

middle, the former very small; postmedial line black, bent

outwards below costa, then dentate, excurved to vein 4, then

strongly incurved ; subterminal line represented by a series

of dentate black marks, angled outwards at vein 7 and

incurved below vein 3; a terminal series of small black

spots. Hind wing white tinged in parts with brown, a

dark discoidal spot, postmedial line angled outwards at

veins 4 and 1, and diffused subterminal band angled in-

wards at discal fold ; a terminal series of small black spots ;

the underside brownish white irrorated with black, a black

discoidal lunule and strong sinuous postmedial band.

Hab. Newrounpitanp, Doyles Cadroy Valley (Maj.

Beddek), 1 8 type. Eap. 36 mm.

1021 a. Anytus cupola, sp. 0.

dg. Head and thorax white mixed with black-brown ;

frons with black bar; antenn blackish; tegule with black

line near tips; patagia with black streak near upper edge;

pectus and legs white mixed with brown, the tarsi banded

with black ; abdomen white mixed with brown, the crests

blackish. Fore wing irrorated with dark brown and suffused

in parts with red-brown, the medial inner area suffused with

red-brown giving off curved arms on outer side of ante-

medial and inner side of postmedial lines ; a sinuous black

streak below base of cell defined above by whitish ; a slight

590 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

eurved dark subbasal striga from costa; antemedial line

indistinctly double filled in by whitish, oblique, sinuous,

strongly bent inwards to inner margin; claviform defined

by black, its upper edge oblique from median nervure,

extending to near the ‘postmedial line, with which it is

connected by a black streak ; orbicular and reniform large,

pale, with slight white annuli incompletely defined by black,

the former rather elliptical, the latter somewhat angled in-

wards on median nervure ; an oblique sinuous blackish line

from lower angle of cell to inner margin ; postmedial line

double filled in with white, the inner line strong and black

below vein 5, bent outwards below costa, then excurved and

minutely waved to vein 2, then ineurved, some whitish

points beyond it on costa; subterminal line indistinct, pale,

dentate, defined on inner side by dentate black marks from

below vein 6 to below vein 2 and with blackish streaks

beyond it in the interspaces, except at apex, ending in the

terminal series of small black lunules; cilia with a fine

whitish line at base. Hind wing pure white with a black

terminal line except towards tornus interrupted at the veins;

the underside with the costal area irrorated with brown, a

small black discoidal spot.

9. Fore wing rather darker; hind wing suffused with

brown, an indistinct curved postmedial line.

Hab. U.S.A., Utah, Eureka (Spalding), 1 8,1 9 type.

Exp. 42 mm.

1021 6. Anytus derelicta, sp. n.

¢. Head, thorax, and abdomen pale grey mixed with

brown; palpi blackish at sides; frons with black bar;

tegule with black line near tips; tarsi banded black and

whitish; abdomen with the crests blackish at tips. Fore

wing bluish grey tinged with brown ; a sinuous black streak

below the basal half of cell ; antemedial line black, angled

outwards in the cell and strongly in submedian fold and

above inner margin and inwards at median nervure and

vein 1; claviform defined by black, pointed at extremity

where it extends to the postmedial line ; orbicular and

reniform with slight whitish annuli defined by black, faintly

above, the former oblique ; postmedial line black, ‘slightly

defined on outer side by whitish towards inner margin,

oblique towards costa, then dentate, incurved and stronger

from vein 2 to the claviform, some white points beyond it

on costa; the veins of terminal area slightly streaked with

blackish ; an oblique series of black streaks in the inter-

spaces from below apex to vein 2, the streaks below vein 5

Genera and Species of Noctuide. 591

interrupted before termen ; a fine blackish terminal line ;

cilia brown with a fine white line at base. Hind wing white

tinged with brown; a slight brownish discoidal striga; a

fine black terminal line and dark line through the cilia ; the

underside white irrorated with brown, a small black dis-

coidal spot, traces of a postmedial line, and terminal series

of black striz.

Hab. Caxnava, Manitoba, Aweme (Criddle), 2 3 type,

Cartwright (Heath), 1 g, Alberta, Calgary (W fate Dod),

1g. Ezap. 40-46 mm.

HapeEnNInz.

1278 a. Miselia proleuca, sp. u.

Head and thorax dark greyish brown ; antennse white

eds base ; pectus and legs white mixed with brown;

abdomen whitish suffused with brown except towards base.

Fore wing pale grey-brown thickly irrorated with black, the

costal area creamy white irrorated with black towards costa ;

antemedial line black defined on inner side by grey ish,

curved, obsolete on costal area; orbicular and reniform

creamy white, their centres irrorated with blackish, the

former rounded, the latter rather triangular; postmedial

line black, almost obsolete and excurved below costa,

slightly incurved at discal fold, and oblique below vein 4 ;

subterminal line ochreous defined on inner side by black-

brown, slightly angled outwards at vein 7, then ‘slightly

curved ; a terminal series of black points, Hind wing

white with rather diffused brown terminal line ; the under-

side with the costal area irrorated with black.

Hab. Br. E. Arrica, Makuru (Bodeker), 1 9 type. Eap.

36 mm.

1419 a. Odontestra goniosema, sp. n.

?. Head and thorax brown mixed with grey; tarsi dark

brown with pale rings; abdomen ochreous tinged with

rufous. nine wing brown suffused with purplish grey, a

reddish-ochreous fascia on medial part of inner margin

defined above by a black streak below submedian fold ;

subbasal line double, black filled in with whitish, angled

outwards on median nervure, then oblique and ending at

vein 1; antemedial line double, black filled in with ochreous

white, slightly sinuous to submedian fold, thea oblique;

orbicular with pale brownish centre and white annulus

defined by black, small, round; reniform whitish incom-

pletely defined by black and its centre defined by brown,

592 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

narrow, oblique, angled inwards on median nervure, some

blackish suffusion in the cell before and between the stig-

mata; an indistinct sinuous black line from lower angle

of cell to inner margin; postmedial line double, black

filled in with whitish, oblique to vein 6, ee minutely

waved, more strongly incurved just below vein 2, the costal

area beyoud it suffused with blackish and with some whitish

points on the costa; subterminal line whitish defined on

inner side by dentate black marks, angled outwards to

termen at veins 7, 4,3; a terminal series of small black

spots. Hind wing whitish suffused with brown

Hab. N. Nicerita, Minna (Macfie), 1 2 type. Eap.

28 mm.

1431 d. Hadena leucoceps, sp. n.

3g. Head and tegule white with some brown hairs;

antenne black, ringed with white towards base; palpi and

sides of frons black-brown; thorax black-brown with

oblique white stripes on patagia; pectus white, brown in

front ; tibiae and tarsi black ringed with white; abdomen

white dorsally suffused with brown, the anal tuft brown and

white. Fore wing dark blue-grey ; a curved white subbasal

striga from costa defined on each side by black and an

oblique white striga below the cell defined on inner side by

black and with black patch beyond it; some white at base

of inner margin ; antemedial line white, interrupted below

costa and at median nervure, defined on cuter side by black

at costa, retracted in cell, excurved below vein 1] and re-

tracted as a white streak on inner margin defined above by

black ; medial area with the submedian interspace black,

the claviform represented by a large clavate white patch at

its extremity ; orbicular and reniform white irrorated with

fuscous, large, the former rather quadrate, the latter angled

inwards on median nervure to the former, the cell before

and between them black ; postmedial line with white spot

at costa, bent outwards below costa, then oblique, with white

striz above and below vein 6, a white striga in submedian

interspace and outwardly oblique white striga defined on

inner side by black at inner margin, some white points

beyond it on costa; subterminal line ‘vepresented by white

points on diffused black marks from below costa to vein 5,

obliquely curved below vein 7, and a white striga on dif.

fused black between veins 3 and 1; a terminal series of

slight blackish points; cila chequered white and brown.

Hind wing pure white, the veins and termen suffused with

fuscous; cilia with a maculate fuscous line through them ;

Genera and Species of Noctuidie. 593

the underside with the costal area irrorated with fuscous, a

slight blackish streak in middle of cell, small discoidal spot,

slight postmedial line from costa to discal fold, and terminal

series of striz from apex to vein 2.

Hab. Perv, Acopampa (Watkins), 1 3g type. Eap.

30 mm.

1431 e. Hadena clavisigna, sp. un.

6. Head and thorax grey tinged with brown and mixed

with black-brown; tegule with a black line towards tips ;

antennz ringed black and white; frons with lateral black

bars ; tarsi black ringed with white ; abdomen grey-brown,

the anal tuft rufous. Fore wing grey tinged with brown

and irrorated with blackish; double subbasal black strize

from costa and a black patch below the cell with an oblique

white striga on it; antemedial line double, black, angled

outwards below costa, then oblique to vein 1 where it is

slightly angled inwards, then curved inwards to inner

margin-and filled in with white; the medial area with

some dark brown suffusion in submedian interspace ; clavi-

form represented by a clavate yellowish-white mak at its

extremity ; orbicular with slight whitish annulus defined b

black, concave towards base; reniform with slight whitish

annulus defined by black, angled inwards on median nervure

to the orbicular, dark brown patches in the cell before and

between them and a patch beyond the reniform ; postmedial

line double, blackish, bent outwards below costa, angled out-

wards at vein 6, then oblique and somewhat dentate to vein 2,

the costa beyond it blackish with some white points on it;

a subterminal black-brown shade except at inner margin,

incurved below discal fold and with a series of white points

on it defined on each side by black except towards costa and

a white striga in submedian interspace; a terminal series of

black points; cilia with a series of blackish spots at base.

Hind wing whitish suffused with reddish brown, especially

on the veins and terminal area; cilia whitish tinged with

rufous and with a red-brown line through them ; the under-

side grey tinged with rufous and irrorated with brown, a

slight discoidal striga and curved postmedial line.

Hab. Peru, Acopampa, 1 ¢ type. xp. 32 mm.

1431 f. Hadena uncisigna, sp. n.

3. Head and thorax blue-grey mixed with dark reddish

brown ; tegule with dark red-brown line before tips; palpi

and sides of frons dark brown; tarsi black-brown ringed

with white; abdomen grey-brown, the anal tuft and ventral

594. Sir G. F. Hampson on new

surface rufous. Fore wing blue-grey suffused and irrorated

with dark brown ; two small black subbasal spots on costa

and a black patch below the cell with an oblique white

striga on it ; antemedial line dark brown slightly defined on

inner side by grey, oblique, waved, curved inwards and

filled in with white on inner margin ; claviform represented

by a clavate white mark on a dark brown patch at its

extremity ; orbicular and reniform large, defined at sides

by black, the former rounded, the latter angled mwards on

median nervure, some dark brown before and between them;

a rufous streak on terminal half of inner margin; post-

medial line slight, blackish, bent outwards below costa, then

oblique and slightly dentate, the costa beyond it with white

points with black streaks between them; subterminal line

represented by an oblique black bar from costa with white

striga on it below vein 8, a black bar between veins 6 and 4

with two white striz on it, and a bar between vein 3 and

submedian fold with an oblique white line on it, some

rufous between these markings; a terminal series of small

black-brown spots tinged with rufous and a series at base of

cilia. Hind wing white tinged with brown especially on the

veins and terminal area; cilia white with a brown line

through them; the underside whitish, the costal and

terminal areas irrorated with red-brown, a black discoidal

spot, sinuous brown postmedial line, and terminal series of

strive.

9. Fore wing with the white striz on the subterminal

markings more broken up into spots.

Ab. 1. Fore wing with the clavate mark beyond the

claviform reduced to a small spot.

Hub. Perv, Acopampa (Watkins), 1 3,2 ¢ type. Lap.

28-32 mm.

1526 6. Hyssia hamiltoni, sp. n.

Antenne of male bipectinate with moderate branches to

near apex.

Head and thorax grey-white mixed with pale red-brown ;

antennee black-brown; tegule with dark brown line near

tips, whitish at base; tarsi black-brown ringed with whitish;

abdomen grey suffused with pale red-brown. Fore wing

reddish brown suffused with whitish, the medial area rather

browner ; subbasal line black-brown, sinuous, from costa to

vein 1; antemedial line black-brown, oblique, sinuous ;

claviform obseurely defined by diffused black-brown ; orbi-

cular white defined by black, open above; reniform with

diffused whitish annulus incompletely defined by black ;

ES ee

Genera and Species of Noctuide. 595

postmedial line indistinct, black-brown, bent outwards below

costa, then slightly wayed, incurved below vein 4; sub-

terminal line formed by diffused dentate black-brown marks,

angled outwards at vein 7 and excurved at middle; a

terminal series of minute black-brown lunules. Hind wing

whitish suffused with pale red-brown ; the cilia whiter; the

underside with small brown discoidal spot.

Hab. N. Zearann, Wellington (Hamilton),1 g,1 2 type.

Exp, 44 mm.

1536 a. Hyssia sminthistis, sp. n.

3. Head and thorax fuscous brown mixed with grey ;

palpi black-brown ; tarsi dark brown with slight pale rings ;

abdomen dark grey-brown with some whitish at base of

sides. Fore wing glossy fuscous brown tinged with grey

and irrorated with a few white scales; a blackish subbasal

striga from costa; antemedial line ‘blackish, oblique to

submedian fold and angled inwards on vein 1 ; small spots

formed by elongate white scales beyond the angles Of cell:

postmedial line. black, shghtly bent outwards below costa,

then dentate, oblique below vein 4, some pale points bey ond

it on costa; a subterminal series of small white spots formed

of elongate scales and slightly defined on inner side by

black ; a fine ochreous line at base of cilia. Hind wing

dark brown, the interspaces of basal half whitish; cilia with

an ochreous line at base; the underside white thickly

irrorated with brown, the terminal area suffused with brown,

a black discoidal spot and diffused sinuous postmedial line.

Hab. Peru, Acopampa (Watkins), 1 g type. ap.

44mm.

1538 a. Hyssia griseata, sp. n.

?. Head and thorax purplish grey mixed with brown;

antenne brown, the shaft white above towards base; palpi

and sides of frons dark red-brown; abdomen dark greyish

brown, the anal tuft tmged with rufous. Fore wing purplish

grey irrorated with dark brown ; autemedial line indistinct,

black-brown, oblique to submedian fold and angled inwards

at vein 1; clavitorm defined by a few blackish scales at

extremity; orbicular detined by slight oblique blackish

strize at sides; reniform small and faintly defined at sides

by blackish ; postmedial line indistinct, blackish, excurved

below costa, then forming slight lunules, oblique below

vein 4; subterminal line represented by a series of slight

dark brown spots in the interspaces except towards costa,

somewhat wedge-shaped between veins 7 and 4; a terminal

596 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

series of black striz; cilia whitish with brown lines near

base and tips. Hind wing grey suffused with brown, the

veins irrorated with dark scales; cilia white with a brown

line near base; the uuderside grey tinged with brown, the

costal and terminal areas irrorated with dark brown, a dark

discoidal striga.

Hab. Perv, Acopampa (Watkins), 1 9 type. Hap.

3/4 mm.

1608 a. Eriopyga diapera, sp. n.

Head and thorax ochreous and pale red-brown ; palpi and

frons at sides black ; spurs with black bands; tarsi black

ringed with brown; abdomen fuscous black, the anal tuft

and ventral surface pale ochreous tinged with rufous. Fore

wing pale ochreous tinged with red-brown and _ slightly

irrorated with blackish, the veins with slight pale streaks ;

blackish subbasal striz from costa and cell; antemedial

line indistinct, brown, waved, with black points at costa,

median nervure, and vein 1; a blackish point at middle of

cell; reniform defined by black except at middle, where it is

constricted and filled in with reddish ochreous ; a diffused

blackish medial line, oblique to lower angle of cell, then

inwardly oblique; a faint, minutely dentate, brownish post-

medial line with a series of black points on it, excurved from

below costa to vein 4, then oblique, the costa beyond it with

alternating pale and black points; an obliquely incurved

line from apex to inner margin, approximated to the post-

medial line below vein 5, black towards apex, then brown

defined on outer side by reddish ochreous ; a terminal series

of black points ; cilia with two brown lines through them.

llind wing pale ochreous brown ; a terminal series of black

points from apex to vein 2; cilia ochreous white; the

underside ochreous white, the costal area sparsely irrorated

with black, a blackish discoidal spot, a curved fuscous

postmedial line with series of black points at the veins,

the terminal black points prominent.

Hub. Ecvapor, Balzapamba, 1 ¢; Perv, Limbani

(Ockenden), 1 3,1 ¢ type, Agualami (Ockenden),1 3,2 2,

Oconeque (Ockenden),1 3. Hap. 36 mm.

l6lla. Eriopyga polygrapha, sp. n.

Ilead and thorax rufous slightly irrorated with dark

brown ; antennee blackish, the shaft with pale rings towards

base; palpi dark brown; frons with black lateral bars ;

tarsi dark brown with pale rings; abdomen pale reddish

brown, the anal tuft pale yellow. Fore wing pale red-brown

— ee

Genera and Species of Noctuide. 597

irrorated with dark brown; subbasal line double, brown,

waved, from costa to vein 1; antemedial line double, brown,

oblique, waved, somewhat incurved in cell; orbicular defined

by four black points and with dark shade at middle; reni-

form defined at sides by black points and by a w hite point

at lower extremity, its ‘lower part filled in with black ; a

diffused dark medial line, oblique to the reniform and

inwardly oblique below the cell; postmedial line double,

brown, oblique below costa, then dentate and the outer line

produced to black points on the veins, excurved to vein 4,

then incurved ; subterminal line represented by a series of

blackish spots in the interspaces, slightly excurved below

vein 7 and at middle; a terminal series of smal) blackish

spots; cilia with an ochreous line at base. Hind wing

reddish brown, the cilia ochreous white; the underside

grey-white itrorated with brown, a blackish discoidal spot,

rather diffused sinuous postmedial line, and terminal series

of small black spots from apex to discal fold.

Hab. Perv, Agualani (Ockenden), 1 3 type, Huancabainba,

12. Ezp. g 40, 2 45 mm.

16116. Hriopyga eugrapha, sp. n

@. Head and thorax dark brown mixed with ochreous ;

antennee ringed ochreous and brown towards base; doc

with lateral black bars; tarsi blackish ringed with ochreous;

abdomen fuscous brown with some whitish at base, the

ventral surface ochreous brown irrorated with dark brown.

Fore wing pale red thickly irrorated with dark red-brown,

the terminal area suffused with brown; subbasal line dark

brown defined on outer side by pale red, waved, from costa

to vein 1; antemedial line black defined on inner side by

pale red, angled outwards below costa, then oblique, waved ;

orbicular and reniform large, with black-brown centres and

pale red annuli defined by black, the former round, the

latter with two white points at lower extremity; a dark

brown medial shade, oblique to the reniform, then inwardly

oblique ; postmedial line double, blackish filled in with

pale red lunules, slightly bent outwards below costa, then

dentate, incurved below vein 4, some pale red points beyoud

it on costa; subterminal line white defined on each side by

slight black spots, incurved below costa and excurved below

middle ; a terminal series of black points; cilia with a fine

ochreous line at base followed by a waved dark line. Hind

wing reddish brown, the cilia reddish ochreous; the under-

side grey-white irrorated with brown, a black discoidal spot,

598 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

diffused sinuous postmedial line, and terminal series of small

black lunules from apex to vein 2.

Hab. Perv, Uruhuasi (Watkins), 1 2 type. Exp.

40 mm.

1641 6. Eriopyga rubrirena, sp. n

2. Head and thorax dark reddish brown; tarsi ringed

with white ; abdomen dark reddish brown with some whitish

at base. Fore wing dark glossy brown tinged with grey and

finely irrorated with black, the basal inner area suffused

with rufous; antemedial line indistinctly double, dark,

waved ; reniform indistinctly defined by black, its upper

part filled in with rufous and a white point in its lower

extremity ; postmedial line indistinct, blackish, oblique

towards costa, then dentate, and oblique below vein 4;

a small rufous spot just before termen at submedian fold ;

fine pale line at base of cilia. Hind wing white tinged with

reddish brown, the terminal area suffused with brown ; cilia

white with a brown line through them ; the underside white

thickly irrorated with brown, a black discoidal spot, in-

distinct postmedial line with minute black streaks at the

veins, a black terminal line.

Hab. Peru, Acopampa, 1 ? type, Limbani (Ockenden),

2°25) ep. oo mimi.

1649 a. Eriopyga monochroa, sp. x.

2. Head, thorax, and abdomen reddish brown tinged

with grey; antennz ‘pale reddish brown. Fore wing plossy

reddish brown tinged with grey; traces of a sinuous brown

antemedial line ; onan m greyish faintly defined by brown;

an indistinct brown postmedial line, oblique to vein 6, then

slightly waved and incurved below vein 4 ; pubieoa nel line

whitish defined on inner side by brown, slightly excurved

below vein 7 and at middle. Hind wing reddish brown

tinged with grey, the cilia paler; the amderside grey suffused

aa thickly Rirnoneied with reddish brown, a dark discoidal

point and rather diffused curved postmedial line.

Hab. Perv, Acopampa, 1 ? type. Hap. 26 mm.

1702 a. Persectania basifascia, sp. n.

Head and thorax pale grey tinged with red-brown, the

antennee browner; abdomen greyish suffused with rufous.

Fore wing pale grey slightly tinged with red-brown and

sparsely crrorared with black ; a strong black fascia in

submedian fold to below origin of vein 2: a minute sub-

basal black spot in the cell; antemedial line represented by

Geuera and Species of Noctuide. 599

black points on costa and vein 1 and an oblique striga above

inner margin; orbicular and reniform small, incompletely

defined by black, the former very narrow and elongate, a

black streak between them in lower part of cell and beyond

the reniform to the postmedial line with a diffused dark

shade below it; postmedial line black, rather interrupted,

bent outwards below costa, then strongly dentate, oblique

below vein 4; subterminal line indistinct, pale, somewhat

dentate, defined on inner side by diffused black-brown; a

terminal series of small black lunules. Hind wing whitish

suffused with pale red-brown, the cilia white ; the underside

white faintly tinged with red brown, a small brown dis-

coidal spot, a slight postmedial line excurved below costa,

then oblique and ending at vein 4, a terminal series of

blackish lunules from apex to vein 2, then a dark line...

Hab. N. Zuatanp (Hamilton), 1 g, 1 2 type. Eap.

32 mm.

1797 a. Aspidifrontia pulverea, sp. n.

Head and thorax rufous mixed with blackish, the hinder

part of thorax with some whitish ; antenne with the shaft

whitish above; abdomen whitish tinged with rufous, the

ventral surface suffused with black-brown. Fore wing

greyish suffused with rufous and irrorated with black ;

traces of a double slightly sinuous dark antemedial line, the

two lines well separated ; postmedial line indistinct, dark,

shghtly sinuous, oblique below vein 4, a series of minute

black streaks beyond it on the veins ; faint traces of a dar k

subterminal line with blackish points at the veins ; a ter-

minal series of small black lunules. Hind wing white

tinged with rufous; a fine dark terminal line; the under-

side with the costal area suffused with red-brown, a minute

dark discoidal spot and postmedial striga from costa.

Hab. N. Niceria, Minna (Macfie), 1 $,1 2 type. Eup.,

& aa, ? 20.mm.

1827 a. Dasygaster albiviata, sp. n.

6. Head and thorax ochreous brown; palpi with blackish

patch at side of second joint; frons with lateral blackish bars;

vertex of head blackish ; tegule with three blackish lines on

basal half and a shade before tips ; patagia with some black

scales on upper edge and blackish outer edge; fore femora

black-brown on inner side, the mid and hind legs with slight

black-brown marks at femoro-tibial joint, the tarsi ringed

black and white at extremities; abdomen reddish ochreous

with sublateral black-brown spots on medial segments. Fore

600 On new Genera and Species of Noctuidee.

wing ochreous tinged with red-brown and irrorated with

black, the cell and area just below and beyond it suffused

with fuseous, the median nervure, veins 4, 3 and veius 8, 7,

6 with slight white streaks except at termen ; a black streak

in base of submedian fold; a subbasal black striga from

costa; antemedial line slight, black, oblique, dentate, angled

inwards to black points on the veins; a small rufous spot

defined by black scales in middle of cell; reniform small,

whitish suffused with rufous and irrorated with black, a

short black streak beyond its lower extremity ; postmedial

line slight, black, dentate and with small black lunules in

the interspaces, excurved to vein 4, then oblique; an oblique

white shade from apex to vein 2 beyond the cell, with black

marks on its outer edge below veis 7, 4,3; a terminal

series of small black spots. Hind wing ochreotis brown,

the cilia whitish tinged with rufous. Underside of fore wing

suffused with fuscous; hind wing white, the costal area

suffused with reddish ochreous and irrorated with brown, a

wayed blackish postmedial line from costa to discal fold and

a terminal series of small black spots from below apex to

vein 2.

Hab. Br. N. Guinea, Kumusi R. (Meek), 2 g type.

Exp. 46 mm.

1864.a. Cirphis pyrausta, sp. n.

g. Head and thorax ochreous white slightly tinged with

red; palpi and frons suffused with blackish; antennee

blackish behind; fore tibiz and tarsi streaked with blackish

on inner side; abdomen ochreous white suffused with brown,

the ventral tufts black. Fore wing pale yellow suffused with

fiery red especially on terminal area and sparsely irrorated

with black ; antemedial line blackish, waved, angled inwards

on median vervure and vein 1, oblique to submedian fold ;

a whitish streak on extremity of median nervure and a black

point in lower extremity of cell ; postmedial line represented

by a series of minute blackish lunules, oblique below vein 4,

a series of yellowish streaks beyond it on the veins with

black points on them; an oblique diffused yellowish fascia

from apex with a brownish shade below it extending to

lower angle of cell; atermural series of black pomts. Hind

wing white, the area beyond the cell tinged with rufous from

vein 6 to submedian fold with minute postmedial blackish

streaks on veins 3 and 2; the underside silvery white with

terminal series of black points from apex to vein 2,

Hab. Ucanva, Entebbe (Neare), 1 ¢ , Lake George (eave),

1 go type. Hap. 30 mm.

Geological Society. 601

2055 b. Leucania pheoneura, sp. n.

2. Head and thorax pale red-brown; antenne brown,

the shaft white towards base; abdomen grey-brown, the

anal tuft and veutral surface pale red-brown. Fore wing

pale red-brown, the veins and basal half of submedian fold

with dark streaks; veins 6, 4, 3 defined by whitish streaks

to near termen; an oblique postmedial series of dark points

from discal fold to above vein 1; a fine dark terminal line ;

cilia ochreous with three brown streaks through them.

Hind wing glossy red-brown; cilia ochreous with a brown

line near base; the underside whitish suffused with brown.

Hab. Pexvu, Acopampa, 1 g type. EHzp. 34 mm.

(‘To be continued. |

PROCEEDINGS OF LEARNED SOCIETIES.

GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

May 28th, 1913.—Dr. Aubrey Strahan, F.R.S., President,

in the Chair.

The following communication was read:—

‘The Internal Structure of Upper Silurian Rugose Corals from

the Grindrod Collection, Oxford Museum.’ By Donald Esme Innes,

B.A.

In this paper the following genera and species are described :—

Paleocyclus porpita, P. fletcheri, P. rugosus,

Cystiphyllum siluriense, C. cylindricum.

Cyathophyllum (2): a new species.

Cyathophyllum articulatum, C. truncatum.

Strombodes murchisoni, Str. tupus, Str. diffluens.

The new species of Cyathophyllum (?) is of especial interest. It

was figured by Milne Edwards & Haime as Cystiphyllum cylindricum

Lonsdale, with which it has no close affinities. It combines

characters of the Silurian Cyathophylla and Hallie with those of

the Lower Carboniferous Caninic.

Particular attention is paid to the construction of a septum in

the various genera, the following types being all well repre-

sented :—

(a) Radial spines on the vesicles, with their bases often connected by a

web, Example: Cystiphyllum.

Ann, & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8, Vol. xii. 42

602 Geological Society.

(6) Rods placed in juxtaposition, and cemented together, Example:

Paleocyclus.

(¢d) Crumpled plates. Example: Cyathophyllum (?), the new species.

{e) Plates with backward costal prolongations. Example: Strombodes.

Comparison of the Upper Silurian coral facies with that of the

Lower Carboniferous shows that Cystiphyllum, in its vesicular and

spinose structure, bears a close resemblance to the compound

Michelime, while Strombodes is allied in structure to Cyathophyltum

regium of the Viséan.

June 11th, 1913.—Dr. Aubrey Strahan, F.R.S., President,

in the Chair.

The following communication was read :—

‘Certain Upper Jurassic Strata of England. By Dr. Hans

Salfeld, University of Gottingen.

The writer has studied the Upper Jurassic strata of North-

Western Germany, the Boulonnais, and Southern England, with

special reference to the ammonites and their zones. The results

of his labours are to be published in detail; but, in anticipation,

he offers to the Society an epitome of his conclusions with regard to

the English strata.

The localities with which he deals are the Dorset coast from

Kimmeridge to Abbotsbury, and the Wiltshire exposures at Swin-

don and Westbury, with an incidental reference to Market Rasen.

The formations concerned are the Portlandian, Kimmeridgian,

and for a starting-point the Upper Oxfordian: these terms

being employed in the German sense. The Upper Oxfordian

=upper part of the English Corallian (+ Kimmeridge Clay locally)

is divided into three zones, found at Osmington, Westbury, and

Swindon. The Kimmeridgian is divided into five zones, and is

equal mainly to the Lower Kimmeridge Clay of English authors,

with one important exception: the Abbotsbury Iron-Ore is placed

as the second zone of the Kimmeridgian, and is correlated with the

Market-Rasen Clays. The Portlandian is divided into nine zones ;

but the term as used in the paper includes the Portland Oolites,

Portland Sands, and Upper Kimmeridge Clay of British authors.

Three new genera of ammonites are named, and two new zonal

species of ammonites are defined.

603

INDEX Tro VOR XIt.”

ABRICTA, new species of, 487.

Acantharctia, new species of, 63.

Acolus, characters of the new sub-

genus, 479.

Actinostola callosa, notes on, 382.

Adenota, new subspecies of, 575.

Aderocharis, new species of, 548,

Advena, new species of, 526.

Agrotis, new species of, 582.

Alcides, new species of, 188.

Allactoneura, note on the genus, 55.

Allenoconcha, characters of the new

genus, 523,

Alouatta, new species of, 567.

Amblyrrhinus, new species of, 187.

Ammocharide, on the British, 161.

Amphipoda Hyperiidea, on the extra-

antarctic, collected by the ‘ Dis-

covery, 245.

Ancistrosoma, remarks on the genus,

425.

Ancistrus, new species of, 470.

Andrena, new species of, 104, 375.

Anomala, new species of, 401.

Anthoglossa, new species of, 373.

Anthracotheres, on new, from Balu-

chistan, 514.

Anytus, new species of, 589.

Apistogramma, definition of the new

generic name, 282.

Aplectoides, new species of, 588.

Apogonia, new species of, 399.

Arber, Dr. E. A. N., on the Hale-

sowen sandstone series, 520,

Arctocebus, new species of, 3357.

Aristomorphus, characters of the

new genus, 84. B

Arrow, G. J., on the lamellicorn

genus Popillia, 38; on the lamel-

liform coleoptera of Japan, 394;

on the melolonthid genus Ancis-

trosoma, 425,

Aspidifrontia, new species of, 599.

Atholus, new species of, 82.

Auchenoglanis, new species of, 68.

Austen, HK. E., on new diptera from

the Falkland Islands, 498.

Autoserica, new species of, 398.

Bagnall, R. 8., on new Thysano-

ptera, 290.

Balinta, new species of, 287,

Baluchitherium, definition of the

new generic name, dO4.

Barrett-Hamilton, G. E. H., on three

new voles from the Inner Hebrides,

361.

Bather, F. A., on Cydonocrinus

parvulus, 388.

Batrachians, new, 70.

Beilania, characters of the new sub-

genus, 433,

Belloconcha, characters of the new

genus, 929.

Bethune-Baker,G.T.,on new African

heterocera, 62.

Birds, new, 578.

Blair, K. G., on new Indian Tene-

brionidee, 56.

Blaps, new species of, 56.

Boulenger, G. A., on four new

fishes from S. Cameroon, 67; on

two species of toads from Came-

roon, 70; on a new snake from

Eastern Peru, 72; on five new

cichlid fishes from Africa, 482; on

new lizards, 563 ; on a new cypri-

nodont fish from the Sobat River,

566.

Brabourne, Lord, synopsis of the

genus Tinamus, 577,

Brachyodus, new species of, 516.

Brycon, new species of, 462.

Bryconamericus, new specie

Bubalis, new subspecies of,

of, 464,

604

Buckman, 8. S., on the Kelloway

Rock, 240.

Callicebus, new subspecies of, 568.

Cailiostoma, new species of, 415.

Calinan, Dr. W. T’., on a new species

of Thaumuastocheles, 229.

Camarimena, new species of, 58.

Cameron, M., on new Staphylinide

from the West Indies, 321.

Cardita, new species of, 288,

Centris, new species of, 109.

Centrodraco, definition ef the new

geueric name, 145,

Ceratophyllus, new species of, 542.

Champaka, new species of, 80.

Charopa, new species of, 452.

Chirolophius, new species of, 280,

Chlamydopsis, new species of, 86,

‘hioridea, new species of, 580.

Chromovaleus, new species of, 408.

Chrysodomus, new species of, 256,

Chubb, C., synopsis of the genus

Tinamus, 577.

Cichlosoma, new species of, 471.

Cifuna, new species of, 64.

Cirphis, new species of, 600.

Clarias, new species of, 67.

Clathurella, new species of, 235,

Clementia, new species of, 58.

Cobbold, E. 8., on the trilobite

fauna of the Comley breccia-bed,

147; ontwo species of Paradoxides

trom Neve’s Castle, 147.

Cockerell, T; D. A., descriptions and

records of bees, 103, 368, 505.

Coleoptera, new, 38, 56, 81, 181, 184,

321, 351, 394, 426, 443.

Compsothrips, new species of, 295.

Conus, new species of, 235,

Creagrutus, new species of, 463.

Crinoids, on British fossil, 388.

Criophthona, new species of, 2.

Crocidura, new subspecies of, 90.

Crocisa, note on the genus, 93.

Crustacea, new, 229, 248.

Cryptocharopa, characters of the

new genus, 034.

Cryptothrips, new species of, 295.

Ctenophthalmus, new species of, 539.

Cummings, B. F., on the crop in the

Mallophaga, 266.

Syclotus, new species of, 437,

Cydonocrinus, characters of the new

genus, 391,

Cyrtepistomus, characters of the

new genus, 186,

IN DEX.

Cythara, new species of, 234.

Dasychira, new species of, 64.

Dasygaster, new species of, 599,

Davies, A. M., on two deep borings

at Calvert Station, 151.

Dawson, C., on a paleolithic human

skull from Piltdown, 147.

Delopsis, note on the genus, 55.

Dendrolamellaria, characters of the

new genus, 522.

Diademodon, on the skull &e. of,

217.

Diancta, new species of, 488.

Dianthidium, new species of, 107.

Diapus, new species of, 449.

Dicercomorpha, new species of, 182,

Diemeniana, new species of, 488.

Diepenheimia, characters of the new

genus, 453,

Diplommatina, new species of, 437.

Diptera, new, 199, 498.

Distant, W. L., on new Cicadide,

76, 485; on Oriental rhynchota,

283; on some recently received

rhynchota, 566.

Drake-Brockman, R. E., on a new

subspecies of Rhynchotragus da-

marensis, 481.

Drillia, new species of, 284.

Eaton, Rev. A. E., on Ephemeridie

from Tropical Africa, 271,

Eblisia, new species of, 355.

Echiaster, new species of, 336.

Echinus angulosus, on the colora-

tion of, 190.

esculentus, on an abnormality

in, 73.

Ectigonia, new species of, 183.

Edwards, F. W., on some myceto-~

philid synonymy, 55; on new

diptera from Ceylon, 199.

Elassoneuria, new species of, 272.

Eligmodontia, new subspecies of,

572.

Engina, new species of, 413.

Fpeolus, new species of, 94.

Eplemeridee from Tropical Africa,

on, 271.

Kpisilia, new species of, 584.

Kriopyga, new species of, 596.

Euryglossa, new species of, 509,

Euthrips, new species of, 291.

Euxoa, new species of, 582.

Evotomys, new species of, 36],

Exeristis, new species of, 1.

Exorhabdus, new species of, 855,

INDEX. 605

Fanulum, new species of, 527.

Felis, new subspecies of, 91.

Fishes, new, 67, 278, 281, 462, 482,

548, 555, 566; on the classification

.of the percoid, 111; on flying-,

544.

Forster-Cooper, C., on a new genus

of perissodactyles from Baluchis-

tan, 376; correction of generic

name, 504 ; on new Anthracotheres

and allied forms from Baluchistan,

514.

Fretum, new species of, 526.

Frost, G. A., on the internal cranial

elements of Dapedius granulatus,

242.

Geeana, new species of, 287, 562.

Gambusia, new species of, 471.

Gastropelecus, on the anatomy of,

544.

Gastroplakeeis, new species of, 66.

Gelasmedon, new species of, 515.

Gemma, note on the genus, 473.

Geological Society, proceedings of

the, 146, 239, 319, 601.

Gerrhonotus, new species of, 564,

Glyphostoma, new species of, 253.

Gomphina, note on the genus, 480.

Gonopionea, characters of the new

genus, 5.

Goode, R. H., on the fossil flova of

the Pembrokeshire coalfield, 319.

Greenwoodoconcha, characters of the

new genus, 525,

Gurney, R., on Thersitina gaster-

ostei, 415.

Gymnodactylus, new species of, 563.

Hadena, new species of, 592.

Hampson, Sir G. F., on new species

of Pyralide, 1, 299; on new

genera and species of Noctuide,

580.

Haphsa, new species of, 559.

Haplochilus, new species of, 566.

Haplothrips, new species of, 296.

Haplotrinchus, new species of, 182.

Hawkins, H. L., on an abnormality

in Echinus esculentus, 73.

Heliothrips, new species of, 291.

Hemiancistrus, new species of, 46Y.

Hemimeryx, new species of, 517.

Hemiscelus, characters of the new

genus, 259.

Hendrikia, characters of the new

subgenus, 436.

Hermellide, on the British, 169.

Hetzrius, new species of, 85.

Heteroptera, new, 283, 556.

Hexagenia, new species of, 276.

Hickling, Dr. G., on the variation of

Planorbis multiformis, 243.

Himatium, new species of, 189.

Hinton, M. A. C., on three new

voles from the Inner Hebrides,

361; on the voles of the orcadensis

group, 452.

Hipposideros, new species of, 88, 205.

Hlister, new species of, 81, 356.

Holotrochus, new species of, 325.

Homoptera, new, 76, 285, 485, 557.

Hooley, R. W., on the skeleton of

Ormthodesmus latidens, 239.

Hoplandcthrips, new species of, 297,

Hymenoptera, new, 94, 103, 368,

491, 505.

Hyorrhynchus, new species of, 446,

Hyotherium, new species of, 521.

Hypanthidium, new species of, 105.

Hyphessobrycon, new species of, 465.

Hyssia, new species of, 594.

Innes, D. E., on the internal structure

of Upper Silurian rugose corals,

601.

Inthaxara, characters of the new

genus, 097.

Toba, new species of, 76.

Ivedaleoconcha, characters of the

new genus, 530.

Jukes-Browne, A. J., on a new

species of Clementia, 58; on the

shells known as Gemma, Para-

starte, and Psephidia, 473.

Kobonga, new species of, 490.

Leelia, new species of, 64.

Lepidoptera, new, 1, 62, 299, 580,

Leptognathus, new species of, 72.

Leptopsaltria, new species of, 558,

Leucania, new species of, 601.

Lewis, G., on new species of His-

teride, 81, 351.

Lima bullifera, note on, 412.

Lineodes, new species of, 306.

Lionycteris, characters of the new

genus, 270.

Lispinus, new species of, 321.

Loricariichthys, new species of, 281.

Lycophotia, new species of, 587.

Lygosoma, new species of, 565,

M‘Intosh, Prof., on two killers

stranded at St. Andrews, 153; on

the British Ammocharide, 161 ;

on Myriochele heeri from the

606

Gulf of St. Lawrence, 166; on

the British Hermellide, 169.

Macrocera, new species of, 200.

Macropus, new subspecies of, 288.

Mallophaga, on the crop in the,

266.

Mammals, new, 88, 110, 205, 212,

270, 288, 358, 361, 376, 587, 457,

481, 514, 567, 574.

Mangilia, new species of, 234.

March, Miss M. C., on the structure

and relationships of the Carboni-

cole, 244.

Marmosa, new species of, 573.

Marr, Dr. J. E., on the lower

paleeozoic rocks of the Cautley

district, 146.

Marshall, G. A. K., on new Indian

Curculionide, 184.

Mathewsoconcha, characters of the

new genus, 528.

Meade-Waldo, G., on the Apidze in

the British Museum, 92; on new

species of Apidee, 491.

Medon, new species of, 344.

Megachile, new species of, 103, 368,

493.

Megalops, new species of, 326.

Meimuna, new species of, 560.

Melampsalta, new species of, 489.

Melanopsis, new species of, 486.

Melanostoma, new species of, 498.

Melolontiha, new species of, 400.

Mesalia, new species of, 236.

Mesonychium, synopsis of the species

of, 94.

Metasia, new species of, 2.

Micragrotis, new species of, 581.

Micranops, characters of the new

genus, 350.

Microbunodon, new species of, 519.

Microtus, new subspecies of, 364.

orcadensis, notes on, 452.

Miselia, new species of, 591.

Mitra, new species of, 256,

Mollusca, new, 53, 288, 409, 452,

522.

Monista, new species of, 339.

Morum ponderosum, note on, 411.

Moussonia, new species of, 439.

Munza, new species of, 77.

Mustela, new species of, 91.

Mycetophilide, on the synonymy of

the, 55.

Myllocerus, new species of, 184.

Myoprocta, new species of, 111.

INDEX.

Myriochele heeri from the Gulf of

St. Lawrence, on, 166,

Myxine capensis, note on, 229,

Namacus, new species of, 556.

Nannorhamdia, characters of the new

genus, 467.

Nectomys, new species of, 570.

Nectophryne, new species of, 70.

Neohoplolomia, characters of the

new genus, 284.

Neopsylla, new species of, 540.

Niponius, new species of, 352.

Noctuelia, new species of, 299.

Nomada, new species of, 98.

Nomia, new species of, 505.

Norfoleioconcha, characters of

new genus, 59d.

Odontestra, new species of, 591.

Opeas, new species of, 435.

Ophiomedon, new species of, 344.

Orca gladiator, ou two specimens of,

stranded at St. Andrews, 153.

Oryzomys, new species of, 571.

Osorius, new species of, 326.

Owenia fusiformis, note on, 161.

Pachycrerus, new species of, 83.

Pachyprosopis, new species of, 515.

Paguma, new subspecies of, 289.

Paleodes, characters of the new

genus, 318.

Palaina, new species of, 438, 537.

Palaminus, new species of, 531.

Paracolletes, new species of, 374.

Paragudanga, characters of the new

genus, 488.

Paralaoma, new species of, 534.

Parastarte, note on the genus, 475.

Paratalanta, new species of, 22.

Paratilapia, new species of, 483.

Parnkalla, new species of, 487.

Pectinosoma, characters of the new

genus, 430,

Pelmatochromis, new species of, 69,

484.

Peratodonta, new species of, 63.

Percomorphi, on the classification of -

the, 111.

Persectania, new species of, 598.

Pezomyia, characters of the new

genus, 501.

Phallostethus, characters of the new

genus, 548.

Phascogale, new subspecies of, 211.

Philander, new subspecies of, 573.

laniger, on the geographical

races of, 558,

the

INDEX.

Phronia, note on the genus, 55.

Physothrips, new species of, 292.

Pimelodella, new species of, 466,

Pinophilus, new species of, 330.

Pionea, new species of, 6,

Pittoconcha, characters of the new

genus, 531,

Platylomia, new species of, 559,

Platypleura, new species of, 77.

Platypus, new species of, 447.

Platyraphe, new species of, 437.

Plecostomus, new species of, 555.

Pocock, R. I., on a new species of

Agouti, 110,

Polydesmus coriaceus, new variety

of, 439,

Popillia, new species of, 58.

Preston, H. B., on new mollusca

from Beilan-Beilan, 432; on new

molluscafrom Norfolk Island, 522.

Pringle, J., on two deep borings at

Calvert Station, 151.

Protetia, new species of, 404.

Pselliophora, new species of, 202.

Psephidia, note on the genus, 477.

Pseudopimelodus, new species of,

467.

Pycna, new species of, 285, 485.

Pygidium, new species of, 468,

Pyzopus, new species of, 564.

Pyrausta, new species of, 25.

Quintalia, characters of the new

genus, 527.

Rees, Miss O. M., on Actinostola

callosa, 382.

Regan, C. T., on the classification of

the percoid fishes, 111; note on

Myxine capensis, 229; on fishes

from Peru, 278, 281; on the fishes

of the San Juan River, 462; on a

new cyprinodont tish, 548; on

a new loricariid fish from Riv

Janeiro, 555,

Reptiles, new, 72, 563.

Retithrips, new species of, 290.

Rhamdia, new species of, 281.

Rhinopoma, new subspecies of, 89.

Rhogeesa, new species of, 569.

Rhynchotragus, new subspecies of,

481.

Ridewood, Dr. W. G., on the S.-

American freshwater flying-fish

and the common flying-fish, 544.

Rothschild, Hon. N. C., on new

Siphonaptera from Asiatic Russia,

538,

607

Rothschild, Hon. W., on some new

forms of antelope, 574.

Roybellia, characters of the new

genus, 526,

Sabellaria, notes on species of, 169.

Salfeld, Dr. H., on certain Upper

Jurassic strata of England, 602.

Saliunca, new species of, 67.

Salvazana, characters of the new

genus, 286,

Sampson, Lt.-Col. W., on new

Ipidze and Platypodide from India

and Burma, 443.

Saprinus, new species of, 37.

Schausia, new species of, 66.

Schwarz, E., on a kangaroo and a

new palm-civet, 288.

Scopzeus, new species of, 346.

Selbie, C. M., on a new variety of

Polydesmus coriaceus and on a

centipede monstrosity, 439.

Sericania, new species of, 397,

Setenis, new species of, 57.

Siphonaptera, on new Asiatic, 538.

Smith, i. A., on marine shells from

Henderson Island, 409.

Smith, Dr. G. E., on a paleolithic

human skull from Piltdown, 149,

Smith, 8. on the genus Aulo-

phyllum, 146.

Sowerby, G. B., on new species of

mollusea, 233.

Spath, L. F., on jurassic ammonites

from Jebel Zaghuan, 241.

Stamnoderus, new species of, 333.

Staphylinide, new, from the West

Indies, 321,

Stauropus, new species of, 62.

Stenomys, new species of, 206.

Stenoptycha, new species of, 302.

Stenus, new species of, 329.

Stewart, Miss D. A., on the extra-

antarctic amphipoda collected by

the ‘ Discovery,’ 245, :

Stigmatogaster subterraneus, note

on a monstrosity of, 440,

Stilicopsis, new species of, 332.

Stilicus, new species of, 340.

Succinea, new species of, 536.

Synodontis, new species of, 69.

Taurotragus, new subspecies of

575.

Tegostoma, new species of, 299.

Tellina, new species of, 237.

ptaucnastac hie) new species of,

60S

Thaumastotherium, characters of the

new genus, 376.

Thaumatosoma, new species of, 491.

Thersitina gasterostel, remarks on,

415.

Thinobius, new species of, 324.

Thinecharis, new species of, 342.

Thomas, H. H., on the flora of the

Marske quarry, 150.

Thomas, O., on new fer from Asia

and Africa, 88; on new mammals

from Dutch New Guinea, 205; on

new species of Uromys, 212; ona

new genus of glossophagine bat,

270; on the geographical race of

the woolly opossum, 358; on a

new species of dwarf potto, 387 ;

on new mammals from S. America,

567.

Thompson, B., on the geology of

Northern Peru, 242.

Thompson, C., on the derived

cephalopoda of the Holderness

drift, 151.

Thomson, Dr. J.S., on the coloration

of Echinus angulosus, 190.

Thoracophorus, new species of, 323.

Thrips, new species of, 294.

Thysanoptera, new, 290.

INDEX.

Tilapia, new species of, 482.

Ti nora, new species of, 581.

Tinamus, synopsis of the genus,

Dili.

Tomaspis, new species of, 563.

Tornatellina, new species of, 536.

Trentepohlia, new species of, 204.

Trichophotia, characters of the new

genus, 536.

Trichothrips, new species of, 298.

Tritonidea, new species of, 414.

Trogophlceus, new species of, 323.

Trypanzus, new species of, 354.

Uromys, new species of, 208, 212.

Valgus, notes on species of, 407.

Vibilia, new species of, 248.

Waterhouse, C. O., on coleoptera of

the family Buprestide, 181.

Watson, D. M. S8., on the skull &c.

of Diademodon, 217.

W ilhelminaia, characters of the new

genus, 454.

Woodward, Dr. A. S., on a palieo-

lithic human skull from Piltdown,

147.

Xenurocharax, characters of the new

genus, 463.

Xyleborus, new species of, 443.

Xyloterus, new species of, 445.

END OF THE TWELFTH VOLUME.

PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS,

RED LION COURT, FLEET STRERT.