—

“Omunes res creat sunt divine sapientiz et potentia testes, divitia felicitatis

humane :—ex harnm usu bonitas Creatoris; ex pulchritudine sapientia Domini ;

ex cconomia in conservatione, proportione, renovatione, potentia majestatis

elucet. Earum itaque indagatio ab hominibus sibi relictis semper xstimata ;

& veré eruditis et sapientibus semper exculta; malé doctis et barbaris semper

inimica fuit.”’—Linnzvs.

** Quel que soit le principe de la vie animale, il ne faut qu’ouvrir les yeux pour

voir qu’elle est le chef-d’ceuvre de la Toute-puissance, et le but auquel se rappor-

tent toutes ses opérations.”—Brucnner, Théorie du Systéme Animal, Leyden,

1767.

oe ete ew ee oo ~ The sylvan powers

Obey our summons; from their deepest dells

The Dryads come, and throw their garlands

And odorous branches at our feet; the Nymphs

That press with nimble step the mountain-thyme

And purple heath-flower come not empty-handed,

But scatter round ten thousand forms minute

Of velvet moss or lichen, torn from rock

Or rifted oak or cavern deep: the Naiads too

Quit their loved native stream, from whose smooth face

They crop the lily, and each sedge and rush

That drinks the rippling tide: the frozen poles,

Where peril waits the bold adyenturer’s tread,

The burning sands of Borneo and Cayenne,

All, all to us unlock their secret stores

And pay their cheerful tribute.

J. Tayior, Norwich, 1818,

FLAMMAM,

ALERE

EE eee

CONTENTS OF VOL, X.

[NINTH SERIES, }

NUMBER 55

Page

I. On Mediterranean Tervia and Zdmonea (Bryozoa). By Ar-

THUR Wm. Waters, F.L.S., F.G.S. (Plates I. & IL.) ..........

II. New Ants from Australia. By W. C. Crawtey, B.A.,

Ne awe ccuee avers Givers eaeucenkesaceess 16

III. Notes on the Asiline of the South African and Oriental

eee Ey GERTRUDE RICABDD fein ames seers can edavene noe et 36

IV. Coleoptera, Erotylide and Endomychide, from the Seychelles,

Chagos, and Amirantes Islands. By Gitperr J. ARRow. (Plate

a aera Salt i a 2 hie ole oO cs x Wek Wid es sk nin od ome’ 73

V. New or little-known Tipulide (Diptera).—XI. Australasian

Species. By CHartes P. ALEXANDER, Ph.D., F.E.S., Urbana,

IMS Or Ong scot heer ik eee teach Uru bed 83

VI. On a Collection of Mammals obtained by Capt. G. C. Short-

ridge in Northern Rhodesia, with Field-notes by the Collector. By

ee OE eet oe. ee ree ee 99

VII. A curious Case of a Hermaphrodite Frog. By W. Harorp

EAP, OE GC) ALINE.) "Said « vain aly dives sls eases wwikjpic es AY

VIII. Diagnoses of new Species of Non-marine Mollusca from

Portuguese South-east Africa. By M. ConNoLLY .............. 113

IX. Some new Silurids from the Congo. By Ernar LONNBERG

RAE ORE Se SeMMO ATT." 5). «5 cae here «40 5 6 succes vie vi vie Oem 122

X. A Selection of Lectotypes of the typical Australian Marsupials

in the British Museum Collection. By OLtprreLtp Tuomas ,..... 127

XT. On a new Subspecies of Zaglossus, with Remarks on other

Species of the Genus. By OxLprietp Tuomas and Lord Roru-

TMS VC CULE Sas wide y dees) ase cen scum oassip eave ane Mnenene 129

XII. Exotic Muscaride (Diptera)—VI. By J. R. Mattiocn,

Ce OUee Ge hun di costs Aces vues SetabeeacGenasteas’ 132

iv CONTENTS.

Pago

XIII. On Bandicoots allied to Perameles bougainvillet. By Oup-

PIRGD CROMAS (55 cces cies a titne hs psa On vss ce ee 148

XIV. Previously undescribed Scolytide and Platypodide from the

Indian Area. By Lt.-Col. F. Winn-Sampson, F.EIS..,.......... 145

XY. On the probable Habits of the Dinosaur Struthiomimus. By

Baron Francis Nopcsa, Foreign Corresp. Geol. Soe. London .... 152

XVI. A Case of Secondary Adaptation in a Tortoise. By Baron

Francis Nopesa, Foreign Corresp. Geol. Soc. London .......... 155

XVI. Fossil Arthropods in the British Museum.—VIII. Homo-

ptera from Gurnet Bay, Isle of Wight. By T. D. A. Cockrre t,

University of Ooloradoe’.. 5570-01 sae oot eee re os ee 157

XVIII. Papers on Oriental Carabide.—VIU. By H. E.

PONDER WES 05 cops es as Fo ead see pais sees «ob Oe nn 161

XIX. New South African Species of the Genus Chlenius (Cara-

bide). By C. N. Barker, F.E.S. (of the Durban Museum)...... 170

De William Carruthers. 53.0. 60. 266s. was vin ve ee tle ae 176

NUMBER 56. ‘

XX. On a Collection of Mammals from Chiromo and Cholo, Ruo,

Nyasaland, made by Mr. Rodney C. Wood, with Field-notes by the

Collector. By P. 5. KERSHAW ; .).55..nshosme> ooo epee pear 177

XXI. Results of the Oxford University Expedition to Spits-

bergen, 1921.—No. 14. Diptera Nematocera. By F. W. Epwarps. 193

XXII. Note on Root-division in the Molar Teeth of Tritylodon.

By Dr. BranisLav PETRONIEVICS ......... ee 216

XXILI. Two new Fishes from New Britain and Japan. By J. R,

WUGRDEAN 636 6 6 occ d's v0.0 des wop'oit scale aoa een oe wae es Os 217

XXIV. Results of the Oxford University Expedition to Spits-

bergen, 1921.—No. 15. Saw-flies. By F. D. Moricre............ 219

XXV. Notes on Lucernaria quadricornis, Miller, and related

Species. By Ricnarp Evmurrst, F.L.S., Superintendent of the

Millport Marine Biological Station ... «1. s+ v¢+ ss sle/e ve oe alae A 221

XXVIL. Notes on certain Reproductive Phenomena in some Tas-

manian Marsupials. By Professor T. THomson Fiynn, D.Sc.,

University of Tasmania ..........0.0dereeccsouveursen o Sy eae 225

XXVII. On a new Race of Bharal. By Lord Roruscutrp,

ERS, cass csv ccs scagedes+ seine mpawec vis } 7s i> tn 231

XXVIII. Description of a new Baboon. By Lord Roruscuixp,

FS... ona saytees se eames tpries 603 $e wet lecs 232

CONTENTS. Vv

Page

XXIX. Preliminary Note on the Affinities of the Genus Lipotes,

By Martin A. C. Hinton and W. P. PycRAFT ........0000000 232

XXX. On the Morphology of the Bursate Nematode Brachyclonus

indicus, Raill. & Henry, 1910. By M. Kua, M.D., Ph.D., Para-

sitologist to the Zoological Society of London .........+..000008 235

XXXII. On Oswaldocruzia wisei, a new Nematode from the

pee monkey, By F, Pairor, M.Sc... ..iiiaoccectacncetees 242

New Book :—Practical Zoology for Medical and Junior Students.

By J. D. F. Guwcwaust and C. von BONDE .........0- 00: 245

Proceedings of the Geological Society ...........000e.00es 245-248

NUMBER 357.

XXXII. The Classification of the Fishes of the Family Cichlide.

—II. On African and Syrian Genera not restricted to the Great

panes By 0. Tare Reaan, MiAC ERS. 2.0.0 des. e dee eeees 249

XXXII. Descriptions and Records of Bees.—XCV. By T.D.A.

CocKERELL, University of Colorado ........-.sssceseesseeeses 265

XXXIV. New Evaniide and Braconide in the British Museum.

Powe i. Ponter, (2.5.5 FB. ee ee senee’ 270

XXXV. Travassosius rufus, gen. et sp. n.: a Nematode (Tricho-

strongylide) parasitic in the Stomach of the Norwegian Beaver.

By M. Kuaui, Ph.D. (Lond.), M.D. (Brux.), D.P.H., Hon. Para-

sitologist to the Zoological Society of London ..............000. 281

XXXVI. On a new Linguatulid from the Adriatic. By Stantey

REG PACU RCREsedius racemase ah eaudrCecvererneceres 289

XXXVII. Notes on a small Collection of Odonata from Argen-

tina. By Huenperr CAMPION. .. 2... ccecscesesccssses eavwsbews 200

XXXVII. A new Eel from Tobago. By J. R. Norman ...... 206

XXXIX. The Eel-worm in Paper-hangers’ Paste Ep Anema

rediviva (Linnzeus, 1767), Stiles and Hassall, 1905]. By IT. Goopry,

BE Cavin t een Oe weer shoes buns poses eabive tu cpme cared ene ise a's 297

XL. A new Hedgehog from Aden. By O_pFieLp THomas ..., 207

NUMBER 58,

en aoe temtos LV VI.) os. imeecevessasveewauunces 509

XLII. South African Species of the Genus Hypolithus, Dejean.

By U. N. Barker, F.E.S. (of the Durban Museum).............,. 359

vi CONTENTS.

Page

XLILL. Exotic Musearide (Diptera). —VII. By J.R. Matioca,

Washington, D.C. ......... BiG Wika Ab en v RAs tere Putin t. 379

XLIV. On Mammals from the Yunnan Highlands collected

by Mr. George Forrest and presented to the British Museum’ by

Col. Stephenson R. Clarke, D.S.O.. By Orprretp Tuomas .....,. 891

XLV. Note on the Skeleton of a large Plesiosaur (2homaleo-

saurus thorntoni, sp. n.) from the Upper Lias of Northamptonshire.

By Cuartes W. Anprews, D.Sc., F.R.S. (British Museum, Natural

History), (Plates VIL=IX.) 6.0204 Os eee ie a a\ MOF.

XLVI. A new Sea-star from Hong Kong. By W. K. Fisuer,

Hopkins Marine Station, Pacific Grove, California. (Plate X.),... 415

XLVIL. A new Family of Hymenoptera from South Africa. By

James Watsrston, B.D., D.Sc., Assistant Keeper, Department of

Entomology, British Museum. (Plate XI.) .............0000ee 418

XLVIII. Coleoptera (Cerambycide) from the Seychelles Islands,

Aldabra, and Rodriguez. By Cur. AURIVILLIUS (Stocktee

(Plates XI. & XID ji veacasawecuc eam cs ae 4 Ngee ee 421

XLIX. The Spider Liphistius : a Study in the Biology of a Primi-

tive Animal. By T,.H. Savory, B.A. oo... 605 ss sine eee 444

L. A Revision of the Genera of the Family Liparide. By Colonel

C. Swinnokr, M.A., F.LS., F.Z.S., F.ES., ‘Member of the Entomo-

logical Society of France and of the ‘Bombay Natural History Society. 449

NUMBER 59,

LI. Notes on African Non-marine Mollusca, with Descriptions of

many new Species. By M. Connotiy. (Plate XIV.) .......... 485

LII. Some new Aszlide from Western Australia. By WiLiiaAM

J. Dakin, D.Sc., F.L.S., F.Z.S., Derby Professor of Zoology, Univer-

sity of Liverpool, and M. G. C. ForpHam, B.Se., Assist. Lect,

Zoology, University of Liverpool. (Plate XV.) .........seeseee 517

LUI. Note on some Young Stages of Gecarcoidea lalandit, Milne-

Edwards. By Grapys E. Wrss, M.Sc., Assistant in Zoology

Department, University College, London. 2-22.55 see ». 530

LIV. On a new Brachyurous Crustacean from the Upper Creta-

ceous of Jamaica. By Tuomas H. Wiruers, F.G.S. (Plates

os Oy. hee ee rm .. 584

LV. Macrotherium salinum, sp. n.,a new Chalicothere from India.

By C. Forsrer-Cooper, M. A., Superintendent of the University

Museum of Zoology, Cambridge se aie dei a fave olele clave ,c/c1s See rn 542

LVI. Descriptions and Records of Bees—XCVI. By T. D. A.

CockERe xt, University of Colorado ........-+sc2++e+eeeee v/a wo OE

LVI. A new Species of Mastacomys from a Cave in South Aus-

tralia. By OLpFiELD THOMAS .........+. ere oo Ss

CONTENTS, vii

LVILI. A new Jird (Mertones) from Southern Palestine. By

SBINLD THOMAS, «..cksbaveetcntenetuscnssecernevecesesves 552

New Book:—The Coccide of Ceylon. Part V. By E. E. Green... 553

Proceedings of the Geological Society.............. cece eeeeeues ib,

On the Dates of Cuvier, ‘ Le Régne Animal,’ ete. (Disciples Edition),

TADS pe De a a eee renee 555

NUMBER 60.

LIX. New or little-known Tipulide (Diptera)—XII. Australasian

Species. By Cuartes P, ALEXANDER, Ph.D., F.E.S., Amherst,

I RPI eae RT gee habit a co 0a oc Kar wee eve tee «8 557

LX. Exotic Muscaride (Diptera) —VIUII. By J. R. Matyocn,

Bureau of Biological Survey, Washington, D.C. ................ 573

LXI. Fishes of the Clupeid Genera Clupeotdes and Potamalosa,

and allied Genera. By C. Tare Reoan, M.A., F.RS. .......... 587

LXII, Notes on Asteroidea.—III. By W. K. Fisuer, Director,

Hopkins Marine Station, California..............eeeeeeeeeee eee 590

LXIIT. On the Genus Notykus (Mich.), and on a new Species of

that Genus. By Franx E. Bepparp, M.A., D.Sc., F.R.S. ...... 599

LXIV. On some new Mammals from Korea and Manchuria. By

Prof. T. Mort, Keijo High School, Seoul, Korea ...,............ 607

LXV. On Two Forms of the Korean Hedgehog. By Prof. T.

Mort, Keijo High School, Seoul, Korea...... Ge Gace er ee tee 614

LXVI. A new Bat of the Genus Miniopterus from N. Australia.

SME AD TOMAR GS Gia 30 .,0/sG)- ones Vets ccc Uae vs «asc 616

LXVII. New Species of — in the British Museum. By

P, EsBEN-PETERSEN, Silkeborg, Denmark...................... 617

LXVIII. On some Land Mites (Acari) from Spitsbergen and Bear

Island. Results of the Oxford University Expedition to Spitsbergen,

4031,—No, 28, By Rev. J. B. Huxn, M.A... . ccc cece cccucns 621

Proceedings of the Geological Society ................c0e0eceeee 624

On the Dates of Cuvier, ‘ Le Régne Animal,’ ete. (Disciples Edition),

Se ee eC COR BOGNM . 6. vise Coheed abs cond codec ns oe tb.

PLATE [|

PLATES IN VOL. X.

| Tervia and Idmonea.

11, |

If. Eudomychid Coleoptera from the Seychelles,

ry.

v, African Malachiinz.

Wi.

VII. Sacral region of vertebral column of Rhomaleosaurus thorn-

toni, sp. n.

VIII. Shoulder-girdle of Rhomaleosaurus thorntoni, sp. n.

IX. Pelvic girdle of Rhomaleosaurus thorntoni, sp. n.

X. Asterina orthodon.

XI. Dinapsis turneri, sp. n., 2.

Lae Cerambycide from the Seychelles and Rodriguez.

XIV. African Streptaxide.

XV. Asilidze from Western Australia.

XVI. Carcineretes woolacotti, gen. et sp. n.

XVIL §

THE ANNALS

AND

MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY,

[NINTH SERLES.]

4 senonovesassecden per litora sparyite muscum,

Naiades, et circitm vitreos considite fontes:

Pollice virgineo teneros hic carpite flores:

Floribus et pictum, dive, replete canistrum.

At vos, o Nymphe Craterides, ite sub undas ;

Ite, recurvato variata corallia trunco

Vellite muscosis e rupibus, et mihi conchas

Ferte, Dew pelagi, et pingui conchylia succo.”’

N. Parthenii Giannetltasi, Eel 1,

No. 55. JULY 1922.

I1.—On Mediterranean Tervia and Idmonea (Bryozoa).

By Arraur Wo. Waters, F.L.S., F.G.S.

(Plates I. & IL],

Distance be- Width of Zoccial

tween series, zoarium, aperture.

mm, mim, mm,

Tervia irregularis, Meneg. (p. 5) .... 0°83 0-45 008

Re Cy 2 08 O35 0:08

Idmonea notomale, Busk (p. 7) ....-. 0°95-1-05 1:85 O16

( « petri,d’Arch.& Canu (p. 8).. O-4 1-05 0:14)

» atlantica, Johnst.(p.0) .... O'6-O'9 O'6 0:07

» meneghinu, Weller (p. 11) .. 0°5-0°55 O75 0-08

» ¢réforis, Heller (p. 12) .... 0°35-0-4 0°35 0-09

yy ~=—s Serpens, auct. (p. 13) ...... O-4 0-6 0-08

55 Plalippse, Warmer (p. 14) .. 0:36 05 0-08

The measurements of the distance between two series is

taken near the middle of a branch, as there is more irregularity

in the early growth or near a bifurcation, and, although as a

rule there is very little variation, the figures must be taken as

good averages. The measurements of the zowcia are tukeu

Ann. & Mag. N. List. Ser. 9. Vol. x. 1

2 Mr. A. W. Waters on

internally at the aperture. In a limited area, like the

Mediterranean, measurements give the readiest means of

recognising Cyclostomatous, species, but in comparisons of

species from distant localities we must not expect as much

uniformity. Zoocecial and zoarial measurements are usually

good characters, but may be one of the first to change.

INTRODUCTION.

Idmonea, Lamouroux, has received much study, but nearly

all that had been written, until the ovicells became available

as a character, may be considered valueless, and the same

is the case with a great part of the Cyclostomata.

We are now agreed that the different forms of ovicell are

very important, and much more attention is being given to

the ovicells and their ducts. Canu and Bassler *, ‘in a large

and most important work, give particulars of a large number

of ovicells, and base their classification largely on the ocecio-

stome, and my present investigations are, to a large extent,

directed to seeing to what extent we can rely upon the

characters used. I have referred to the importance of the

ovicell in many papers, and to me Messrs. Canu and Bassler’s

work is most interesting in giving particulars in such a large

number of cases.

However, do we yet know how much value must be given

to each character? And there are cases where I should have

considered that the ovicells gave only specific (and not generic

or even family) characters, and this has now to be studied.

For example, the ovicells in Diastopora are most useful, and

we can thereby distinguish, for example, D. obelia, J., and

D. patina, L.; but are the differences, which are mainly in

shape, sufficient for generic (much less family) divisions ?

The type is the same. Other characters may support or

disprove present views. Further, the ovicell of Plagiecia

and Microwcia, Canut, is very similar. Canu places D. sarni-

ensis, Norm., under Microwcia as the type, but the Guernsey

type-specimen in the British Museum has wide tangential

ovicells, including many zocecia; the occiostome is slightly

funnel-shaped with a wide funnel (0°08 mm.), also my

Guernsey specimen, determined by Norman, has fairly large

tangential ovicells, though broken down. Hincks has also

described D. sarniensis with ovicells transversely elongate

* “N, Amer. Early Tert. Bry.,” U.S. National Mus, Bull. 106 (1920).

+ Loe, cit. pp. 326-327,

Mediterranean Tervia and Idmonea. 3

sub-elliptical inflations of the zoarium of considerable size.

There are in D. sarniensis tubular closures to the zoocia.

It will be seen that Microwcia, as based on sarniensis, Norm.,

breaks down; however, Hincks figures D. suborbicularis, 1.,

with ovicell of the microwcia type, and says ‘‘ somewhat

oval.”

Before Canu made his classification of the Cyclostomatous

Bryozoa, I was intending to indicate three types of ovicell

in Diastopora. The first is small, and does not seem to have

any zocecial tube passing through it, so that it occurs between

three or four zocecia ; this form, which I was going to call

the simplex form, has been figured by Hincks in his D. sud-

orbicularis. The next, including D.obelia, John., D.intricaria,

Sm., 1). concinna, MacG., D. cristata, MacG., spreads over

many zocecia, which, as well as the zoceciules, pass through

the ovicells, and these were considered the conglomerate

form; while the third has wide ovicells, called tangential

ovicells, as in 1). patina, D. latomarginata, @Orb., )). obelia,

Johnst., 1). compacta, Norman.

In 1914 * I put together what I had gathered from my

own collection, etc., concerning Cyclostomatous ovicells, as

showing the direction in which work was wanted. Shortly

afterwards, possibly somewhat influenced by what I said,

Canu +, who had long been working in the same direction,

gave much more extensive information, evidently from more

material than I had available. Now, what I would say is,

fuller examination is required to see which characters are

variable, and as far as possible we should examine cases wliere

several ovicells occur on the same zoarium.

It has been customary to say, ovicell at a bifurcation, and

so on, but, although the ovicell is frequently at a bifurcation,

we may find it in a species sometimes at a bifurcation,

sometimes elsewhere, as we see in Tervia irregularis, J.

meneghinii,and in various species of Jdmonea—thus the position

on the zoarial branch is a character of but limited value.

A considerable quantity of Tervia irregularis has been

examined, but the number of ovicells seen is relatively small,

and this paucity occurs very generally in the Cyclostomata.

From the North Italian Bartonian I have had through my

hands a very large number of fossil Jdmonee, but do not

recall any ovicell having been found, The Mediterranean

* “Bry, from Zanzibar,” Proc. Zool. Soc. 1914, p. 834.

+ “Les ovicelles des Bry. Cyclost.,” Bull. Soe. Géol. de France, ser. 4,

vol, xvi. (1916),

4 Mr. A. W. Waters on

Idmonee are represented in the Bartonian either by the

same species or allies, and ovicells of nearly all are now known

in the Mediterranean. It will thus evidently be a slow and

gradual process checking the importance of ovicell characters.

I* have repeated more than once my opinion that

characters of great value in one group or family are almost

useless in the next, and all attempts at fixing certain

characters of A.1 importance, others secondary, and so on,

may lead to no result, and we have to see what characters

occur together in various groups. Levinsen has expressed

the same idea in other words. Although it is dangerous to

say a certain character ought to have the first place, another

the second, of course it is not meant that physiological

reasons must be ignored—however, is not the value of a

character quite as much a question of when a separation

based on it took place ?

Canu and Bassler + say, “ We repeatedly have to remark

that the zoarial form is of no value for generic classification.”

I certainly cannot go as far as this, and it brings us up against

a mostimportant point that requires settlement. It has been

established that,in the classification of the Cheilostomata,

zocecial characters are more important than zoarial, but in the

Cyclostomata the classification has been entirely based on

zourial characters. It is, however, often difficult to decide

what is zoccial, what zoarial. In the Cheilostomata, as a

rule, each zececium is only in growth-connection with its

immediate neighbours, and there may be exactly similar

zocecia adnate or erect, or placed back to back—as, for

example, in Steganoporella and several other genera,—and it

took some time before the last generation could agree to

their being placed together. Zoarial characters should,

however, be stated in both of the suborders.

In the Cyclostomata the young zoccia grow under the old

zocecia, and may commence a considerable distance from the

end of the zocecium, and the way they are grouped together

seems to depend almost as much on the zoecia as on the

zoaria. Ina section of Lntalophora and several other genera

the small early zocecia are seen in the centre, so that they are

not definitely under the older zoccia as in Jdmonea, but the

principle is the same. Smitt { has passed a fine hair through

one of the basal cells of Jdmonea atlantica for the distance

* “ Bry. from Zanzibar,” Proc. Zool. Soc. 1913, p. 460, note.

+ Loc. cit. p. 759.

| Krit. fort. of Skand. Hafs. Bry. p. 441 (1866).

Mediterranean Tervia and Idmonea. 5

of four and a half series. In all cases the increase of the

zocecial tube is very gradual,

Seeing at what an early stage preparations are made for

the form of the colony, and what radical differences there

are almost from the beginning, it would seem strange if the

colonial form did not give any assistance in classification; and

when the ovicells are known in most genera, then studying

zocecial, zoarial, and ovicell characters together will show us

their importance, but it does not follow that the value will

be the same in all genera. We are finding an increasing

number of species which may occur either adnate or erect.

Tervia irregularis (Meneghini). (Pl. 1. figs. 1-9.)

For synonyms, see Miss Jelly’s Catalogue under Fi/isparsa, and add :—

Tervia irregularis, Juli. & Calv., Bry. de Camp, de 1’Hirondelle, pp. 114,

157, pl. xiv. fig. 7 (1903); Waters, “ Mar, Fauna Brit. E. Africa,”

Proc. Zool. Soc. 1914, p. 845, pl. iv. fig. 8.

Idmonea irrequiaris, Haswell, “ Pol. Queensland,’ Proc. Linn. Soc. N.

8. Wales, vol. v. p. 35 (1880); Waters, “ Bry. N.S. Wales,” pt. iii.,

Ann. & Mag, Nat. Hist. ser. 5, vol. xx. p. 255 (1887); ‘ Ovicells of

Cyclos. Bry.,” Journ, Linn. Soc., Zool. vol. xx. p. 279, pl. xiv.

figs. 5, 6 (1888).

Filisparsa irregularis, Calvet, Trav. & Talisman, p, 472; Norman,

‘Madeira,’ p. 279, typical; var. superba, p. 279, pl. xxxiv. figs. 1-3

(1909); Barrosa, “ Bri. dela Estacion de Biologia Mar. de Santander,”

Trab. del Mus, de ciencias. nat. No. 5, p. 57 (1912); Friedl, EL,

“Bry. des Adria,” Zool. Anzeiger, vol. xlix. pp. 225, 268 (1917).

Tervia folini, Calvet, “Camp. du Caudan,” Ann. de l’Univ. de Lyons,

p- 265, pl. vil. fig. 3 (1896).

Filisparsa varians, Neviani, Cont. Bri. foss. Ital. p. 43, pl. iv. fig. 2L

(1891).

Tervia jellye, Harmer, Poly. of the ‘Siboga’ Exp. pt. 1, p. 143, pl. xi.

figs. 1-3 (1915).

This is abundant near Capri, and the zocecia, as well as the

internodes, are very long. ‘lhe short internodes of /ilisparsa,

var. pennala, Norman, hardly seem to be T.irregularis. Ou

the anterior surface there is often a good deal of irregularity

in the position of the zocecia, and the outer zocecium shows

on the dorsal surface (PI. I. figs. 1, 2,4, 5,14). It was

placed under Filisparsa until the dorsal ovicell was found,

and it has much in common with Hornera. I cannot feel

that we yet know the limits of Tervia, for 7. globulifera,

Canu & Bassler *, 7. pyrifera, C. & B., 7. tumida,C. & B.,

as described, have complete series as in /dmonea, and would

not fall under Tervia as described by Jullien, for he says

this genus differs from [dmonea by the presence of a certain

* Loe, cit. pp. 790, 791, 792.

6 + Mr. A. W. Waters on

number of isolated zocecia, disposed without order on the

middle of the branches between the lateral series. Jdmonea,

as we now understand it, has ovicells on the anterior surface

or lateral.

Considerable numbers of zoaria may be found without any

ovicells, but, after looking through a large quantity of material,

my collection now contains a fair number with ovicells.

Comparison is very important, as it shows that, while the

ovicell may frequently occur near a bifurcation, this is by no

always the case. It may occur in the branch away from the

bifurcation, and there may be one at a bifurcation and another

further up quite independent. One occurs laterally (figs.

5, 6), so that it is seen from the back as well as the front.

There are one or two with a rather small ovicell near a

bifurcation, which also extends to the front (figs. 2, 7); on

another (figs. 3, 4) the ovicell is seen on the anterior and

dorsal surface, another specimen is almost identical. A

similar ovicell was found by Harmer on a Queensland speci-

men, and on this the species 7. jellye* was described.

Probably the specimen from Queensland described by Harmer

had been given by me to Miss Jelly without my appreciating

the importance of the ovicell, and on others from Holborn

Island, given me by Professor Haswell, I find no ovicells.

Although the series do not occur as much spread out as some

Mediterranean specimens, this may only be because they

are somewhat broken. The pores of my Mediterranean and

Queensland specimens seem to be identical, so that there is

no ground for retaining 7’. jellye, H.

The lateral ovicell (figs. 5, 6), of which only one case has

been met with, is extremely iuiteresting, for Canu and Bassler

have made a genus, P/euwronema, principally based on the

ovicell of an Jdmonea-form being lateral, so that if fig. 5 had

been found in a distant locality it might possibly have been

made the type of anew genus. One specimen of T. irregularis

has eight ovicells, some at a bifurcation, others on the

branches (fig. 9).

The similarity of the ovicell and oceciostome with the

anterior ovicell of several species of Crisia (as, for instance,

C. ramosa) is very noticeable.

Loc. Naples; Capri; Villefranche-sur-Mer; Oran ;

Ajaccio, 280 met. ; Genoa ; Adriatic; Bay of Biscay, 135,

166, 240 met. ; Madeira ; Azores, 318 met. ; between Fay al

* “Poly. of the ‘Siboga’ Exped.,” pt. 1, ‘Siboga’ Exped. xxviii. a, p. 145,

pl. xi. figs. 1-3 (1915).

Mediterranean Tervia and Idmonea. 7

and Pico, 50-90 fath.; Cap Blane, 235 met.; Cabezos ;

Santander ; Brit. East Africa; Holborn and Broughton

Islands, Bowen, Port Denison (Queensland).

Tervia discreta, Jullien.

Tervia discreta, Jullien, “ Drag. du ‘ Travailleur,’” Bull. Soc. Zool. de

France, vol. vii. pp. (4), 500, pl, xvii. figs. 70, 71 (1882).

There are some specimens of this very small Tervia from

Faraglione, Capri, said to be from about 150 fath.

There are two zocecia in a series as a rule, but sometimes

three, and one median zocecium here and there with very

distinct boundary-lines. Branching may take place at fairly

short intervals at an angle of about 50°. No ovicells have

been found,

Idmonea notomale, Busk. (PI. I. figs. 10-12.)

Idmonea notomale, Busk, Brit. Mar. Poly. pt. iii. p. 12, pl. xii. a,

(1875) ; Seguenza, Form. Terz. Reggio. pp. 330, 371 (1880).

Idmonea milneana, Waters, “ Ovicells of Cyclos. Bry.,” Journ, Linn.

Soc., Zool. vol. xx. p. 279, pl. xiv. fig. 8 (1888) ; Neviani, Bri. neog.

Calabria, p. 232 (1900); Bri. neoz, di aleune Loc, d'Italia, pt. 3,

p- 124 (1895); Bri. form. Plioc. e postpl. Boll. Soc. Geol. Ital.

vol. xviii. p. 15 (1898).

Idmonea targioni, Neviani, Cont. alla conose. dei Bri. foss. Ital. p. (43),

189, pl iv. fig. 20 (1891); Bri. foss. Ital. Idmonea, p. 21 (1900).

This is the largest species of Jdmonea found in the

Mediterranean. The zoarium of species from Capri is about

120-145 mm. wide,and the zoecial aperture is about 0°17 mm.

Probably the largest species from the Southern Hemisphere

is J, milneana, and at one time I considered them synonyms ;

however, looking at various slides from the Mediterranean

and the Southern Hemisphere in my collection, I came to

the conclusion that a mistake had been made somewhere,

although I had repeated that on a re-examination of the

two so named by Busk they seemed identical, and so the

Museum slides of Busk’s Catalogue were. But on my going

into the question it was found that the type figured specimen

of notomale, B., had been in the author’s possession until the

time of his death, and has only comparatively recently come

to the Museum; whereas the specimens returned by Busk as

notomale and mi/neana are identical, and the one, 75.5. 29. 19,

marked notomale, Porcupine, Mediterranean, I am con-

vinced is not from the Mediterranean, an interchange having

taken place while in Busk’s hand between specimens from

8 Mr. A. W. Waters on

Patagonia or elsewhere—and notomale is a Mediterranean

form, while mi/neana is a Sonthern Hemisphere form.

Idmonea notomale has the right and left series well separated,

and Busk says “the series on either side are separated by a

wide interspace,” and what he figures pl. xii. a, as spreading

between the series, is the ovicell, which is often a narrow

band along the median line, hardly at all raised. The dorsal

surface is, as a rule, much hollowed out, and the outer

zocecia are usually visible on the dorsal surface. The zoarium

is frequently contorted, so that the older part may be seen full

face, while the next branches are seen laterally, showing much

the same structure as J. contorta, B., which is allied.

From between Fayal and Pico (Azores), 50-90 fath.,

‘Challenger,’ there are several specimens of a very similar

Idmonea, with smaller dimensions, which seems to be the

I, petri as described by Canu and Bassler *, and from the

same dredging /. bifrons, Waters, is common, looking like

a double /dmonea, recalling at first I. notomale growing back

to back. Examining one surface, which we may call the

frontal, there are series of zocecia on each side of the median

line ; turned over what is now the dorsal surface has just the

same appearance, and we hardly know whether to consider it

as Idmonea or Entalophora.:

Jullien and Calvet have described J. bifrons, W., as

Biidmonea fayalensis +, Hagenow ¢ considered that Goldfuss

had described Jdmonea disticha as like a double /dmonea, and

has separated from Goldfuss’s material of J. disticha the

the double one as disticha and those with a dorsal surface

as dorsala, Hag. ‘The description and figures given by

Goldfuss do not show that it was double. If it has to be

separated from /dmonea it then falls into Bisidmonea, d’Orb.§,

a genus made for a Jurassic (Bathonian) fossil.

We thus have the same structure as /dmonea, Bisidmonea,

d’Orb., Biidmonea, J. & C., Tubigera, d’Orb.

At one time I thought that I had found J. petri from the

Mediterranean, but, as there is some doubt, it is omitted.

The figure and description of d’Archiae || might well belong

to other species, as well as petri, though, having several figures

of Canu and Bassler, we can take J. petri as the specics

* Loe, cit. p. 781, pl. 139. figs. 1-13 (non pl. 187) (1920).

+ Campagne de lHirondelle, p. 158, pl. xviii. figs. 3 a, 3 b (1903),

t Bry. Maastricht. p. 30, pl. 11. fig. 8 (1851).

§ Pal. Frang p. 720, pl. 762. figs. 10, 11, 12.

| “ Fossiles des Environs de Bayonne,” Mém, Soc. Géol, de France,

cer. 2, vol. ii. p. 195, fig. 11 (1846).

Mediterranean Vervia and Idmonea. i)

described by them. Two important characters usually

occurring are the hollow dorsal surface and the considerable

contortion of the zoarium, so that the plane may be changed

with a new branch as in /. notomale. Apparently it is a

widely spread species in the European Tertiaries, and I have

recently found it from the Vicentine Bartonian in Brendola,

Montecchio Maggiore, and Creazzo.

Loc. Capri, Oran (Algiers).

Fossil. Pliocene, Postpliocene of Italy. Ido not give full

lists of the later Italian Tertiaries, as at first intended, as

there is so much uncertainty until the ovicells are studied.

Idmonea atlantica, Johnston.

(Pl. I; figs. 11, 12; Pl. II. fig. 9.)

Idmonea atlantica, Johnston, British Zoophytes, ed. ii. p. 278, pl. xlviii.

fig. 3 (1847).

The typical J. atlantica, as described and figured by

Johnston, is narrow and tapers to the end, which is usually

the case in specimens from the Mediterranean and from

distant localities. ‘The bifurcation is slightly rounded at

the base, then the separation is at a moderate angle, after

which, in the most typical specimens, the branches do not

spread out far, but continue somewhat parallel, as Harmer

has called it a tuning-fork shape. The brauches in the older

parts are usually somewhat rounded on the dorsal surface,

but elsewhere flat or somewhat concave. The parallel

branches are shown in Busk’s Brit. Mus. Cat. (pl. ix., figure,

natural size, right bottom corner: the figures are unnum-

bered). The two figures at the top have short internodes,

and I do not think they are J. atlantica. Hincks shows the

same parallel growth, as also does Busk in ‘ Polyzoa of Norway

aud Finland’ (pl. i. fig. 6), and here he says “tin external habit

it much resembles J. radians, Lam.”

In typical specimens in my collection from various places

the zoarium is long and usually straight, with very long

internodes (one from Naples is 15 mm. long), the ovicells

are long and very much: raised, occupying the width of the

zoarium, with the series only just showing—they are not

usually near to a bifurcation ; but besides the more typical

form there are frequently zoaria, with short triangular

ovicells, which at one time it seemed would have to be

separated from the more typical ones.

On one specimen there is a rather long ovicell, just below

10 Mr. A. W. Waters on

a bifurcation and a similar one just above another bifurca-

tion ; in a second there is below each of two of the bifur-

cations a short ovicell; still another has two long ovicells

on one internode. I have not found any ovciostomes on

the elongate ovicells, but on the shorter ones near a bifur-

cation there is a curved tube distal to the series. This is

the same as in J. radians and I. parasitica, Busk. Much

stress has been laid upon the position of an ovicell, and it is

often stated it grows at a bifurcation, which is somewhat

misleading, for in this and some other species it may grow

in any position.

Idmonea atlantica has much in common with J. radians,

both have long straight branches showing a tendency to a

somewhat parallel growth, both have a large and long ovicell

of similar shape in a similar position. Canu and Bassler

have made a genus Mesonea for the latter, based on the

large dorsal pores called by Caru and Bassler tergopores.

D’Orbigny had made the genus Crisina for Idmonea forms

with large dorsal pores, and Canu and Bassler now make

Crisina normaniana, dOrb., the type of Crisina—Pergens *

having described and figured a lateral ovicell. The difference

in the dorsal surface is important, and it may be sufficient

upon which to found a genus, but we have not yet got

certain proof.

The specimens of Jdmonea parasitica, Busk, just referred

to, grows inside a mass of Entalophora intricaria, B., with

the zocecia regular and not as straggling as shown by Busk.

It is just the same size as J. radians, the ovicell is in the

same position and the same size, and in both the oceciostome

is a curved tube distal to a series; on the other hand, there

are no large pores either on the dorsal or anterior surface, so

that, although similar in all other respects than the pores,

the one would be considered Jdmonea, the other Crisina.

These puzzles show that classification still requires much

study.

The important point is the similarity, and the question of

names is of secondary importance.

The specimen from Naples, which I considered was

I. marionensis, B., certainly corresponds with Busk’s figure,

but now it appears to be atlantica and there does not seem

any reason for comparing it with Crisina hochstetteriana,

Stoliczka, which is probably J. radians, Lamk., and, in fact,

marionensis does not seem to be a good species.

* Rey. des Bry. du Crét. fig. par d’Orb. p. 344, pl. xii. fig. 3 (1887).

— =

Mediterranean Tervia and Idmonea. 11

A specimen from lat. 77° 55’ N., long. 53° 16’ E., has

the atlantica growth, but the distance between the series is

about 0°9 mm., and the zoccia are somewhat longer than

is usual. ‘There is no ovicell.

A specimen from Naples which I had labelled J. concava,

Rss. (Pl. II. fig. 11), may be a form of at/antica, and has a

long central ovicell but very little raised.

Loc. Naples, Capri, Oran, N. Atlantic, and many other

places, but at present I hesitate to check the synonyms.

Fossil. Italian Tertiaries.

Tdmonea meneghinii, Heller. (PI. II. figs. 2, 4.)

Idmonea meneghinii, Heller, “ Die Bry. des Adriat.,” Verh. der k.-k.

z00l.-bot. Ges. Wien, vol. xxix. p. 120, pl. iii. figs. 6, 7 (1867) ;

Busk, Brit. Mus. Cat. c iii, p. 14 (1875); Waters, “Bry. of the

Bay of Naples,” Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 5, vol. iii. p. 270 (1879) ;

Seguenza, Form. Terz. Reggio, p. 330 (1879); Calvet, Bry. Mar. de

Corse, p. 41 (1902).

Idmonea erecta, Calvet, Bry. Mar. de Cette, p. 82, pl. iil. figs. 5, 6

(1902).

This species occurs from Naples and Capri, but not

abundantly. In some respects it resembles J. atlantica,

though the branches are short, diverging at a moderately

large angle. On a specimen from Capri four ovicells occur,

which are not absolutely identical (fig. 2). In neither is

the ovicell very long and does not include any zowcia, in

two cases reaching right across the zoarium (a, c) spreading

between two series. In the one (c) the owciostome is not

directly touching any zoccium, but is not far from the inner

zocecium of a series, and has a spread-out nearly round

funnel (c), while the other (a) has a plain tube distal to,

but close up to, a zocecium. The third ovicell (2) is situated

entirely on the left side of the median line, and has a curved

oceciostome directed proximally. The fourth ovicell is at

the end of the zooarium rather on one side. The tube seen

at the end is not an oceciostome, and the ovicell is immature.

Neither the owciostome on (a) or (4) are readily made out,

but I believe my description is correct.

Now, J. meneghinii and J. triforis are very similar in the

branching and in the appearance of the series, but meneghinii

is larger and has about five zoccia in a series instead of

three. J. triforis is considered by Fried] as only a variety,

and no doubt the possibility has occurred to all of us, before

the ovicells were known; but the most important difference

is that the larger form has the frontal ovicells as now

12 Mr. A. W. Waters on

described, whereas J. tri/oris has ovicells * enclosing a series.

This very remarkable ovicell has only been seen on one

specimen, and it is to be hoped that others will turn up,

While the general characters are so closely similar, it would

be difficult to place them in different genera, on account of

the ovicells, and we must wait for further light on this

point.

There are some small basal specimens, which, from the

size of the zocecia and the distance apart of the series, are

no doubt /. meneghinii, in which the striated dorsal surface

has over the lower part an overgrowth with elongated pores

(fig. 10), so that this part is like Crisina.

Canuft refers to a similar growth in Jdmonea coronopus,

saying that the ‘ canaux de renforcement” are heaped up

on the dorsal surface of the old zocecia, and sometimes the

substratum is detached by fossilization. Smitt { speaks of

abortive zocecia in J. atlantica,and on that account hesitates

to accept the genus Crisina. Pergens § says that in Idmunea

carinata, Rss., a section of the upper part shows only four

canals de renforcement, whereas there are about forty in

the lower part. Harmer ||, speaking of J. atlantica, says the

stalk of the colony becomes thickened by secondarily developed

calcareous tubes, the “canaux de renforcement” of Pergens,

and (page 126) he speaks of a secondary thickening which

grows in a distal direction, but does not extend far up the

colony. I have seen it beyond the second bifurcation.

The two inner zocwcia of J. meneghinii are usually closely

attached and the others more separated, as in many species

of Idmonea, aud therefore J. erecta, Calv., is considered a

synonym. ‘The measurements of the two are fairly similar.

Loc. Naples, Capri, Nice, Cette, Marseilles, Lessina and

Lissa (Adriatic), Hell.; between Fayal aud Pico (Azores),

50-90 fath. (* Challenger’).

Fossil. Italian Tertiaries.

Idmonea triforis, Heller. (PI. II. fig. 1.)

Idmonea triforis, Heller, Die Bryozoen des Adriat. p. 120 (1867) ;

Busk, Brit. Mus, Cat. pt. iii. p. 115 (1875); Waters, Bry. from the

* “On some Ovicells of Cycl. Bry.,” Journ. Linn. Soe., Zovl. vol. xx.

pl. xiv. fig. 2 (1888).

+ “Bry. des Terr. Tert. des Environs de Paris,” Ann, Palzont. vol. ii.

p- 128.

t Floridan Bry. pt. i. p. 7; Krit. Fort. of Vet.-Akad. p. 44 (1866),

§ “Rey. des Bry. du Crétacée fig. par d’Orbigny,” Bull. Soc. Géol. de

Fr. p. 312.

‘ Siboga’ Exped, p. 138 (1920).

Mediterranean Vervia and Idmonea. 13

Bay of Naples, p. 271 (1879); Seguenza, Formaz. Terz, Reggio,

yp. 209, 297, 871 (1879); Neviani, Foss, Ital. Idmon, Boll. Soc, Geol.

tal. vol. xix. pp. (12), 21 (1900). .

Idmonea meneghinii, Waters, ‘ Ovicells of Cyclos. Bry.,” Journ, Linn.

Soc., Zool. vol. xx. p. 278, pl. xiv. fig. 2 (1888).

This is described by Heller as only differing from J.

meneghinii, Hell., in having the branches smaller, and

without having various specimens for comparison such a

description is difficult to follow, but-now 1 have several of

both and have seen co-types. The specimen described by

me as J, meneghinti * with very remarkable ovicells is un-

doubtedly J. triforis, and almost exactly corresponds with

the specimen now figured.

Until this paper was completed only the ovicell of the

one describe:l specimen was known, but another one has just

been discovered in my Capri material—in which, however, the

large globular ovicell is smooth, enclosing a series; whereas

the one previously described was bagpipe-shaped with openings

reminding us of the ovicells of Hornera. Perhaps the Capri

specimen is in a younger stage, or specific separation may be

uecessary,

If it were not for the remarkable ovicell it might seem

justifiable to consider this as only a smaller form, and Fried]

speaks of this as var. of J. gracilis, Meneg., considering

I. meneghinii as a synonym of the latter. This species is

referred to (p. 11) under J. meneghinii, and the dorsal

superimposed layer is mentioned.

Loc. Naples, Capri, Oran, Adriatic (Hell.); between Fayal

and Pico,

Fossil. Italian Upper Tertiaries.

Idmonea serpens, Linn.? (Pl. II. figs. 3, 4, 5, 8, 11.)

See Idmonea serpens, Ilincks, Brit. Mar. Poly. p. 458, pl. 1xi. fig. 2.

This is what has been understood by many authors as

I. serpens, though other things have also been called serpens.

It is an adnate strap-shaped form, and it does not seem that

adnate and erect forms can be separated generically and

sometimes not specifically, nor do I see that these forms can

be put under Tudbulipora, although the early stages are

similar. Forms, however, which continue for a long distance

of the same width can be separated from those which rapidly

expand, even though we may sometimes find difficulties

The ovicells occur on the median line, and in the specimens

figured (8, 11) near a bifurcation, not enclosing any zoccia.

- Loe, cit. pl. xiv. fig. 2 (1888).

14 Mr. A. W. Waters on

The owciostome, though not touching, is near to the zocecium,

and is wide with only a short tube, and in the specimen

(fig. 8) the ovicell turns over on the dorsal surface on both

sides, the boundary being seeu as a small are at the back.

It occurs frequently on the Posidonia thrown upon the

Mediterranean coast, as well as on other sea-weeds. It agrees

very closely with J, meneghinii, H., and perhaps should be

so named—the latter occurs at much greater depths and is

free and erect.

For special reasons serpens will be considered more fully

when Tubulipora is dealt with, as 7. serpens seems to have

been used as the name for at least four species, and it is

only provisionally mentioned now; subsequently it is hoped

to bring T. serpens out of its present muddle.

The primary disk of J. serpens measures about 0:16 mm.

across, and there seems to be an approximate relationship

between the size of the disk and the size of the zooecia, the

first being the wider. The size of the disk of T. liliacea,

Harmer, is about 0'1 mm. ; 7. dil/atans, Jolin., 0°09-0'1 mm. ;

T. lamourouxii, Aud., O12 mm.; TZ. pulchra, MacG.,

0°12 mm. ; 7. ventricosa, B., 0°28 mm.; TZ. plumosa, Th.,

0°28 mm.; TJ. incrassata, Sm., 0°15 mm.; Lichenopora

radiata, Aud., O'1l mm. ; Diastopora, 0°1 mm.

Loc. Naples, Rapallo, Mentone, San Remo, St. Raphael.

Idmonea philippse, Harmer. (Pl. II. fig. 6.)

Reptotubigera philippse, Harmer,“ Polyzoa of the ‘Siboga’ Expedition,”

Ento. Ctenost. & Cyclos. pt. i. p. 120, pl. x. fig. 9 (1916).

Platonea philippse, Canu & Bassler, North American Karly Tert.

Bry. p. 750, fig. 248 (1920).

From the Mentone laminarian zone, on Posidonia thrown

up on the coast, I found a specimen which certainly seems

to be this species. It was longer than the part figured,

the zocecia show considerable irregularity in number being

usually three in a series, but sometimes three or four, with

most irregularity near the ovicell. It has much in common

with J. serpens, and it looks as though it might have arisen

from being obliged to grow upon very narrow stalks or the

broken strips of Posidonia leaves.

In J. serpens and other creeping forms there is in places

an attachment-layer, often thrown out for a short distance,

and it may happen to grow similarly on each side of the

zoarium (fig. 3). This is what Gregory calls a wing-like

selvage in his Jdmonea alipes *, and which Harmer (loc. cit.)

* Cat. BM. Cretaceous Bryozoa, vol. i. p. 152, pl. viii. figs, 2, 3, 4

(1899).

Mediterranean Tervia and Idmonea. 15

speaks of as a basal lamina; it also occurs in many other

Cyclostomata, but in all that I have examined it consists of

small parallel tubes, whereas Harmer mentions porous areas.

Is it possible that these are formed by local irregularities

of the tubes, or is it to be compared with the closed areas

which Busk figures on the dorsal surface of Jdmonea

fenestrata, B.* ?

The ovicell is wide, spreading to each side of the zoarium ; °

also in J. serpens we may have an ovicell spreading across

the zoarium. As showing such ovicells I give a figure of

an Idmonea, probably an abuormal J. nofomale with three

broad ovicells, but the fragment is difficult to determine.

The shape of the ovicell does not seem to require us to place

it in a new geuus.

There is also a piece of J. philippse from Capri without

ovicells.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

Priate I.

Fig. 1. Tervia irreguaris, Meneghini, x 12. Dorsal surface, showing

two ovicells. From Capri.

2. Ditto, x 12. Dorsal surface near a bifurcation. From Capri.

Fig. 3. Ditto, x 12. Anterior surface. From Capri.

4, Ditto, x 12. Dorsal surface of fig. 3.

5. gx x 12. Dorsal surface, showing lateral ovicell. From

apri.

6. Ditto. x 12. Anterior surface of fig. 5.

7. Ditto, x 12. Anterior surface of fig. 2.

Fig. 8. Ditto, x 12. Dorsal surface. From Capri.

9. Ditto, x about 2. Showing the position of nine oyicells.

From Naples.

Fig. 10. Idmonea meneyhinii? Dorsal surface, showing an additional

layer in which are large pores, nematopores. Between Fayal

and Pico (Azores). :

Fig. 11. Idmonea notomale, Busk. Anterior surface with ovicell, From

Capri.

ig. 12, + atlantica, Johnst., x 12. Withovicells. From Capri.

Fig. 13. Ditto, x 12. Lateral view with ovicell. From Capri.

Fig. 14. Idmonea notomale, B. Dorsal surface. From Capri.

. Prats II.

Fig. 1. Idmonea triforis, Hell., x 12. From Naples.

Fig. 2. Idmonea meneghini, Hell., x 12. Showing four ovicells on

the colony, (a) is at a bifurcation, (5) is lateral, (c) is in the

middle of a branch, (d) is on one side of the median line :

(a) has the oceciostome distal to a series, but it starts from the

* Crag Polyzoa, pl. xv. fig. 105.

16 Mr. W. C. Crawley on

base of the inner zocecium ; (>) has the oceciostome proximal to

the zowcia; (¢c) has a funnel-shaped oceciostome fairly near to

a series; (d) the occiostome is not visible, the projecting

tube is zocecial. There has been hardly any restoration,

though some of the ends of the zocecia are broken. From

Capri.

Fig. 3. Idmonea serpens, X about 2, From St. Raphael.

Fig. 4. Idmonea meneghinii, Hell., x 12. Ovicell. From Naples.

Fig. 5, Idmonea serpens, Diag. Showing selvage.

Fig. 6. Idmonea philippse, Harmer, X 12. From Mentone.

Fg. 7. Idmonea sp., X 12. With three broad ovicells,

Fig. 8. Idmonea serpens, X 12. From St. Raphael.

Fig. 9, Idmonea perhaps atlantica, I. From Faraglione, Capri.

Fig. 10. Idmonea serpens, X 12. With two oceciostomes. From Naples,

Fig. 11, Idmonea “ concava,” X 12. From Naples.

The figures are only sketches, so as to reduce expenses, but it is hoped

that they fully explain the structure.

[].—New Ants from Australia.

By W. C. Crawuey, B.A., F.E.S., F.R.M.S.

[Concluded from vol. ix. p. 449.]

Solenopsis CLARKI, Sp. n.

% (major). Length 1°8 mm.

Yellow; teeth of mandibles dark brown, and an in-

distinct band across the apical third of gaster brown. Body

with moderately long yellow pilosity. Antenne and legs

abundantly provided with stiff erect hairs. Clypeus with

long hairs.

Head as long as broad, the sides parallel up to the hinder

third where they converge slightly, forming rounded occipital

angles ; occipital border widely concave. Eyes small, about

‘045 mm. in longest diameter, placed at the anterior one-

quarter of sides of head. Mandibles with four teeth, the

apical large, the two following less large and subequal, the

third set far back and small. Clypeus of ordinary form, the

carinz ending in small teeth. Frontal] area deeply impressed.

Scapes reach just beyond two-thirds of the distance from

their base to the occiput. The 2-jointed club longer than

the rest of funiculus ; the remaining joints of funiculus all

broader than long and subequal, except the joint next to the

club, which is longer and broader.

Thorax in profile slightly incised at mesoepinotal suture.

Base of epinotum feebly convex, more than twice as long as

Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. S.9. Vol. X. Pl.I.

lé =

TERVIA and IOMONEA.

WATERS. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. S. 9. Vol. X. PU. H.

ws Been

a.W Waters, del.

TERVIA and !OMONEA.

new Ants from Australia, 17

the declivity, which is coneave and bordered. Pronotum

about once and a half as long as broad, the shoulders rounded,

the sides gradually narrowing in a gentle curve to just before

the suture, where they narrow abruptly and form a deep

constriction. First node from above a little broader than

second, broader than long, almost straight in front and

behind, the sides rounded ; the second node rounded, slightly

broader than long. In profile the first node is higher than

the second, slightly higher in front than behind, not greatly

narrower at apex ; the second more or less globular.

Shining ; mandibles smooth, grooves continuing the

intervals between the teeth ; head with scattered shallow

circular punctures. Back of thorax and nodes with a few

more superficial punctures, the rest smooth,

% (minor). Length 1-4 mm.

Entirely pale yellow, except the teeth of mandibles. Head

longer than broad, the sides almost parallel, converging very

slightly towards the occiput, which is concave. Eyes smaller

and placed nearer the base of mandibles. ‘Thorax in profile

flatter, mesoepinotal suture deeper. First node propor-

tionately higher and narrower. Otherwise like § major.

Byford, W.A. (Clark, no. 171).

Types W. C. C. coll.

The first species of Solenopsis found in Australia (except

the cosmopolitan geminata, var. rufa, Jerd.) was described by

Forel in 1897 under the name of delisarius. The 8 of this

species, which is found in S.W. Australia, is entirely without

eyes.

Aphenogaster routtont, sp. n, * (Figs. 11 & 12.)

%. Length 4°3 mm.

Dark castaneous, legs paler.

Head more or less rectangular, very slightly broader than

long, widest at eyes; it does not narrow at occiput, where

the shoulders are very square ; in front at base of mandibles

it is only slightly narrower than at occiput. There is no

semblance of a neck, and the reflected border is minute.

Eyes placed just behind middle of sides. The scapes extend

less than one-quarter of their length beyond the occipital

border. Joints of funiculus broader and shorter, and club

more thickened, than in longiceps.

Elevation of thorax pronounced, extending to middle of

the space between the anterior border and the incision.

Spines mere teeth, and base of epinotum convex. Pedicel

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist, Ser. 9. Vol. x. 2

18 Mr. W. C. Crawley on

as in longiceps, Sm., with the exception of the first node

which in profile is distinctly less narrowed at apex.

Fig. 11.

/_ — ee &

Head and antenna of Aphanogaster poultoni.

Fig*12.

Profile of Aphenogaster poultoni.

Under the head is a scanty beard, less abundant than in

barbigula, Wh., according to the description.

Mandibles finely striated as in type. Cheeks smooth and

new Ants from Australia, 19

g, the space between frontal carinz and eyes alone

being striated, with the exception of a few very fine lines on

the frontal curinwe. Generally the sculpture comes between

that of ldongiceps aud pythia. ‘There is no sign of. striwe

between the epinotal teeth.

Beenup, W.A. (Clark, no. 164).

Type W.C. C., coll.

On re-examination of some ants taken by Professor Poulton

at Perth in 1914, I found that there were among them

three specimens of this form, There can be no doubt that

these specimens agree with Mr. Clark’s, though the head is

possibly somewhat less square behind.

I have recently re-described Smith’s type of Aphenogaster

longiceps in the British Museum, and give the results below,

followed by some notes on pythia, For., and barbigula, Wh.

shining

A. longiceps, Smith. (Figs. 13 & 14.)

Type.

%. Length 6:0 mm.

Dark castaneous. A short scanty pilosity on body. No

beard under head.

Head longer than broad, widest just behind the eyes,

narrowing halfway between eyes and occiput into a distinct

neck and reflected occipital border; considerably narrower

at base of mandibles than at eyes. Kyes placed just in front

of middle of sides. The scape passes the occiput by more

than one-quarter its length. Joints of funiculus long and

narrow, all much longer than broad. Club only slizhtly

thickened.

Elevation of thorax moderate, and does not extend as far

as the centre of the dorsum between the anterior border of

pronotum to the incision ; from its highest point it falls in

a feebly concave curve to the incision, whichis deep. Spines

almust horizontal, nearly as long as their interval. First

node from above nearly twice as long as broad, only a little

more than one-half as wide as second node ; in profile it is

cousiderably narrowed at apex.

Mandibles finely longitudinally striated. Longitudinal

striz on cheeks and between the antennal sockets and eyes.

A few very fine ones at sides of frontal carinee. Sides of

mesonotum and epinotum rugose, Mesonotum longitudi-

nally striate just before the meso-epinotal suture. Base of

epinotum transversely striate, declivity between the spines

smooth and shining with a few faint transverse lines.

The examples of longiceps from Healesville, Victoria, 1913

20 Mr. W. C. Crawley on

(ruginota, Forel), received from Mr. H. A. Arnold (vide Forel,

Arkiy. for Zoologi, ix. 16, 1915, p. 75) are uniformly darker

in colour than the type, but in all other respects agree

perfectly.

Fig. 13.

Head and antenna of Aphenogaster longiceps, Sm., type.

Fig. 14.

Profile of Aphenogaster longiceps, Sm., type.

A. pythia, For.—Wheeler (Tr. Roy. Soc. 8. Austr.xl. 1916)

says the head is hardly longer than broad, and broader

behind than in front, with less rounded posterior borders

than in longiceps ; antennez shorter, though scape passes the

new Ants from Australia. 21

occiput by nearly one-quarter its length, funicular joiuts

shorter ; epinotal spines shorter, much shorter than their

distance apart at base, and directed more upward ; petiolar

node rising less abruptly from the peduncle. Colour usually

paler and more yellowish than in longiceps.

The specimens in my collection from Mackay, Queensland,

named by Forel, agree in the main with the above, but the

head is as broad as long, very similar to that of poultoni,

but slightly narrower in front. The funicular joints are not

quite so long and thin as in the type of longiceps, but more

so than in poultoni. The spines, besides being shorter than

in /ongiceps, are directed more upward and outward, The

sculpture, as Wheeler says, is less pronounced than in

longiceps.

A, barbigula, Wheeler (1. c.), is distinguished from longiceps

and pythia principally by the absence of spines, their place

being taken by small teeth, and by the shape of the head ;

from race poultoni by the shape of the head (which is of the

pythia type) and the more scanty beard.

Otherwise barbigula (according to the description and

figures) is very like poultunt.

An account of the appearance of the nests of poultoni is

given by Poulton in Ent. Mo. Mag. ? May, June 1922.

Clark says that it nests mostly under stones, the actual

nest being underground with two or three small tunnels

leading downwards.

Crematogaster PERTHENSIS, Sp. 0.

%. Length 3°3-4°0 mm.

Varies in colour from dark castaneous brown, with the

thorax less dark than head and gaster, and the apical half of

the latter nearly black, to castaneous, with the gaster dark

brown. The % major is the darkest in colour, and has a

black patch on the occiput.

Head broader than long, as broad in front as behind,

sides feebly convex ; occipital border very feebly concave.

Mandibles with four teeth, clypeus depressed in front.

Eyes placed just behind middle of sides, scape barely extends

beyond occipital border. Antennal club 3-jointed, the

apical joint slightly longer than the two others together ;

joints 2-5 of funicalus as broad as long.

Pronotum broad, the anterior angles rounded. Meso-

notum longer than wide, pro-mesonotal suture distinct, meso-

epinotal suture deep.

Base of epinotum shorter than declivity, broader than

22 Mr. W. C, Crawley on

long, declivity flat. Epinotal spines nearly horizontal, as

long as half the width between them. First node slightly

broader than long, equally broad in front and behind, the

sid:s evenly convex ; second node as wide as the first, divided

into two discs.

Mandibles evenly striate throughout their whole length.

Clypeus striate in front and at sides, smooth in the middle

and posteriorly. Cheeks and sides of head longitudinally

striate as far the posterior border of eyes ; centre of head

and occiput smooth and shining (in the 8 major there is a

faint striation up to near the occiput; in the 8 minor the

head is altogether more feebly striate).

Whole of dorsum of thorax coarsely longitudinally striate,

including the space between the spines. Declivity smooth

and shining. There is also a ground-reticulation between

the strie of the thorax. In the 8 minor the striation is

less regular and the reticulation more evident. First node

shining, superficially reticulate ; discs of second node smooth

and shining. Gaster smooth and shining.

Antennz and tibize with erect hairs. Whole body

abundantly supplied with a long pilosity. Head in addition

has short adherent pubescence.

3. Length 4°5 mm.

Black ; antenne yellow-grey, mandibles testaceous; legs

testaceous brown. Wing-nervures yellow-brown.

Body covered with a moderately long grey pilosity.

Tibize with erect hairs.

Mandibles placed wide apart, their tips just meeting when

closed, narrow, with three teeth, the innermost almost

obsolete. Clypeus broad, moderately raised in centre, the

anterior border feebly concave, almost straight. Frontal

area impressed. Head broader than long, broadest just

behind the eyes, which are prominent and placed slightly in

front of middle of sides. The curve of the back of head

from eye to eye describes almost a half-circle. Scape almost

twice as long as broad and nearly twice as long as the first

joint of funiculus, which is globular ; the secoud longer than

broad, the third as long as broad, the remainder increasing

slightly in length and decreasing in breadth.

Thorax very large, high, and rounded. Base of epinotum

about as long as declivity, which is rounded, ablunt projection

at each side. J*rom above both nodes are broader than long,

the first twice as broad, the anterior border widely concave,

sides parallel, the second wider, more than twice as broad as

long, the sides rounded. In profile the anterior border of

Stas GPa |

new Ants from Australia. 23

the first is widely concave, the second higher than the

first.

Mandibles striate with a few grooves. Head matt, the

centre of clypeus, the frontal area, and a strip extending

thence to the ocelli moderately shining. Rest of head

longitudinally roughened. Thorax similar, but more shining.

Base of epinotum faintly longitudinally striate, the declivity

smooth; nodes almost entirely smooth. Gaster smooth auil

shining.

Genitalia: whole organ short and broad; stipes blunt,

the tip abundantly pilose ; volsella flat and thin, the lateral

process opposing a concavity in the organ. Stipes, volsellie,

and sagittee subequal in length.

Perth, W.A. (Clark, no. 36).

Types W. C. C. coll.

Crematogaster rufotestacea, Mayr.

Q (hitherto undescribed). Length 7°5 mm.

Head dark brown, thorax less dark, legs yellow, gaster

bright castaneous. Pilosity more abundant than in the 8.

Wings tinged with yellow.

Club of antenne 2- or 3-jointed (2-jointed in & ), apical

joint very slightly longer than the other two taken together.

Scape barely reaches the occipital border. Mandibles with

five teeth (only four in &).

The clypeus, which in the § (as pointed out by Forel,

Rey. Suisse Zool. x. 2, 1902, p. 412) has its anterior border

produced in a bidentate lobe, has a similar lobe, but merely

concave. Lpinotal spines mere teeth.

Mandibles striate ; clypeus striate at sides only. Striation

of head as in §, but coarser. Thorax smooth and shining,

petiole striate at sides.

& (hitherto undescribed). Length 4°0 mm.

Brownish black ; tip of gaster brown; mandibles, clypeus,

and legs yellowish brown, tarsi palest ; antenne pale yellowish

grey. Nervures of wiug yellow.

Mandibles long and narrow, with three teeth. Clypeus

high and rounded, the anterior border with a narrow rounded

projection, There is a short depression between the clypeus

and the anterior ocellus.

Head broader than long, eyes large, placed in front of the

middle of the sides, of which they occupy more than one-half.

Scape as long as the first two joints of the funiculus, the

first joint broader than the scape, longer than broad, secoud

24 Mr. W. C. Crawley on

and third equal, narrow, fourth and fifth equal, broader, the

remaining joints increasing in breadth and thickness up

to the apical, which is nearly as long as the two preceding

together.

Epinotum with two blunt projections. First node longer

than broad, the sides parallel, the second broader, broader

than long, with a small tooth at each side.

Smooth -and shining ; mandibles punctured, head finely

and sparsely striate, with a few punctures; thorax smooth

and shining, the apical border and sides of seutellum striate.

Declivity and sides of epinotum sparsely striate. First node

irregularly striate; gaster smooth and shining.

Body with a yellowish pilosity, fairly abundant.

Perth, W. Australia (J. Clark, no. 26).

Types W. C. C. coll.

Pheidole ampla, Forel, race PERTHENSIS, st. n.

y. Length 5:0 mm.

Colour darker than type. Borders of mandibles, elypeus

and cheeks, and a patch on the front, dark brown, rest of

head castaneous red. Thorax and petiole darker than head,

gaster dark brown.

Mandibles with a straight edge terminated by two large

teeth ; clypeus flat, with a deep incision in anterior border,

but without a distinct central carina. Frontal area impressed,

triangular.

Head 2:1 mm. long, 2:0 mm. broad, sides subparallel,

broadest just behind centre ; occipital groove very deep.

Scapes do not reach to half the distance from their base to

the occiput.

The mesonotum has a feeble transverse impression, less

distinct than in var. mackayensis. Epinotal spines as long

as half the distance that divides them. Second node more

than twice as broad as long, with a prominent conule at

each side.

Mandibles with a few coarse striz at base, and sparsely

punctured,

Clypeus with one or two longitudinal ridges. Cheeks and

anterior half of head with regular longitudinal raised striz

in ridges, similar to, but more prominent than in var.

mackayensis, the spaces between them smooth. Occipital

lobes with striz curving outwards from the central impression.

Rest of head smooth.

Pronotum transversely and irregularly striate. Epinotum

between the spines superficially reticulate with a few lines.

eee

new Ants from Australia, 25

First and second nodes superficially reticulate ; the latter

has also some longitudinal strive at the sides. Gaster smooth

and shining.

Whole body well supplied with a moderately long yellow-

brown pilosity.

§. Length 2°3 mm.

Head and gaster brown, rest of body (including mandibles)

yellow-brown.

Head exactly as broad as long (broader than long in type).

Scape passes the occiput by nearly its thickness, Eyes well

in front of middle of sides (almost in middle in type).

Mandibles with two large teeth, and a row of smaller ones

behind, Sides of head slightly curved.

Mesonotum with a distinct transverse impression. Epi-

notal spines longer than their interval. Second node only

slightly broader than first.

Mandibles widely punctured. Sides of head and cheeks

with a few longitudinal ridges. A ridge continues the

frontal carina to the vertex. Thorax with a few lateral strize

and one central one. First node slightly rugose, second

superficially reticulate. Space between the spines super-

ficially reticulate. Gaster smooth and shining.

Pilosity less abundant than in y.

2. Length 7-0 mm.

Colour as in ¥, but thorax and gaster darker, and the

black patch embracing the ocelli more distinct.

Mandibles and clypeus as in ¥. Head slightly broader

than long, broadest at occiput, the sides almost straight.

‘The scape reaches nearly two-thirds of the distance from its

base to the occiput, which is feebly concave.

Spines very short. Petiole as in ¥%, but conules not so

acute.

Whole head with longitudinal ridged striz, diverging

round the occiput. Thorax above with ridged striz at sides,

smooth in middle, where there are a few punctures. [pi-

notum strongly longitudinally ridged between the spines.

Base of first segment of gaster microscopically longitudinally

striate.

Pilosity as in }.

Perth, W.A. (Clark, no. 24).

Types W. C. C. coll.

Dolichoderus (Hypoclinea) ypsilon, Forel, var. NiaRA, nov.

%. The typical form is dark brown or black, with the

mandibles and whole of legs red-yellow. The var. nigra is

26 Mr, W. C. Crawley on

entirely deep black and shining. The sculpture in the two

forms is similar.

Clypeus deeply incised in centre (as in type). Scapes

pass the occipital border by nearly half their length. The

spines of the epinotum are longer than in the type, and thin

off rather suddenly at their middle, where they bend more

than in the type. The scale is shorter, broader, and more

deeply notched,

Gaster with a similar thin golden pubescence to that of

the type.

Kelmscott, W.A. (Clark, no. 25).

Type W. C. C. coll.

Iridomyrmex conifer, Forel.

¢ (hitherto undescribed). Length 5:0-5°5 mm.

Dark brown, nearly black; tarsi paler. Wings pale

brown, with an iridescent tinge.

Mandibles short, pointed, edentate. Head broader than

Jong, narrowed in front and behind, eyes large and globular,

a little in front of the middle of sides of head, ocelli large.

Clypeus raised in centre, and depressed just in front of the

anterior border, which is feebly convex. Scapes, which are

considerably longer than the second joint of funiculus, do

not quite reach the anterior ocellus. First joimt of funi-

culus one-third as long as second, which ts longest, there-

after the joints diminish in length with the exception of

the apical, which is a little longer than the preceding.

Thorax high and rounded, parapsidal furrows distinct,

scutellum prominent. Epinotum regularly convex in both

senses, the base longer than the declivity. Scale in profile

short, broad at base, conical ; from above transverse, more

than twice as broad as long.

Genitalia extruded, stipites narrow and pointed, volsellz

very long, thin, and pointed, curved through a right angle,

bearing a short blunt point on the inner side of base.

Sparsely provided with short erect hairs, almost absent on

scapes and tibiz; the whole body covered with a close

yellow-grey pubescence.

More or less smooth and shining, with a microscopical

reticulation.

Perth, W.A. (Clark, nos. 27, 34).

Types W.C. C. coll.

Iridomyrmex exsanguis, Forel.

3 (hitherto undescribed). Length 2:0 mm.

Daik brown; mouth-parts, antenne, and legs pale iss

grey. Wings hyaline, iridescent.

new Ants from Australia, 27

Head longer than broad, eyes large, one-third of their

length from base of mandibles, ocelli prominent, the pair

placed wide apart on the angles of the occiput, which is

concave between them. Mandibles edentate, very small and

pointed. Scape a little longer than the first joint of

funiculus, which is slightly longer than broad and two-thirds

as long as the following joint. Clypeus raised in centre,

the anterior border feebly incised. Thorax high and rounded.

LE pinotum flat, the base longer than the declivity.

Genitalia: stipites pointed, much longer than wide at

their base ; volsellee very long, narrow, and curved down-

wards, with two small blunt teeth at base. The second

tooth is not readily seen from above.

Body shining, superficially reticulate.

Wongang, W.A. (Clark, nos. 163, 167), ¢ 2 &%.

Type W.C. C. coll.

The 9 corresponds exactly with the description of Forel,

except that the scape does not extend so much as one-quarter

of its length beyond the occipital border. The body is

covered with a close grey pubescence. The wings are

iridescent.

Bothriomyrmex Fiavus, sp. n. (Fig. 15.)

%. Length 2-0 mm.

Entirely yellow, the colour of a small Lasius flavus 3,

gaster slightly darker.

Mandibles with five teeth. Maxillary and labial palpi

2-jointed. Head very slightly longer than broad, as broad

in front as behind, the sides feebly convex, the occiput

widely emarginate. Anterior border of clypeus feebly convex.

Eyes small, consisting of about eight facets, placed just in

front of middle of sides of head. Scape fails to reach

occipital border by about its breadth. Joints 2-4 of funiculus

subequal, as long as broad, the remainder increasing in

breadth in proportion to their length with the exception of

the apical, which is longer than the two preceding together.

The head has a large shallow depression at the vertex.

Thorax slightly impressed at the mesoepinotal suture,

which is very slight. Declivity of epinotum three times as

long as the base. Scale very small.

Entirely smooth and shining. Mandibles with a few stiff

hairs. Clypeus with four very long hairs and a few shorter

ones at sides. Antenne, legs, apex of gaster, and bases of

segments pilose; whole body covered with a_ scattered

pubescence.

28 Mr. W. C. Crawley on

9. Length 2°4 mm.

Fuscous, sometimes almost black ; apex of mandibles and

tarsi yellow-brown, rest of legs brown. Wings iridescent,

nearly twice as long as the whole body.

Mandibles with five teeth, the two apical ones large and

sharp, the remainder very small and pointed. Head longer

than broad, the sides slightly convex, almost parallel, the

occipital border widely and deeply emarginate, so that the

border is bluntly margined. Anterior border of clypeus

feebly concave. Scapes flat, failing to reach the occiput by

their width. Second joint of funiculus longer than broad,

slightly longer than the third, which is as long as broad ;

joints 4-6 about as long as broad, the remainder longer than

broad, the apical equalling the two preceding together.

Eyes large, less than their length from the base of mandibles.

Thorax flat, as broad as head. Base of epinotum very

short, the declivity flat, slightly concave in centre. Scale

Fig. 15.

Mandible of Bothriomyrmex flavus, 2.

thick, moderately high, rounded at top; seen from above

only slightly broader than long.

Gaster as broad as thorax, and slightly shorter.

Mandibles and clypeus with a few small scattered punc-

tures; rest of body smooth and shining; gaster micro-

scopically reticulate. A few short hairs on clypeus and

apex of gaster. Body covered with athin scattered cinereous

pubescence.

3. Length 2°0 mm.

Fuscous. Mandibles, clypeus, and legs dirty grey-yellow.

Extreme borders of funicular joints edged with brown.

Mandibles edentate, pointed. Clypeus high and rounded

in ceutre, the anterior border straight. Head longer than

broad, narrowing behind. Eyes large and globular, close to

anterior border of head. Antenne long, reaching to beyond

the node of petiole; the scapes do not quite reach the

new Ants from Australia. 29

occiput. Joints of funiculus much longer than broad, all

subequal with the exception of the apical.

Thorax broader than head. Node short and_ thick,

bluntly rounded at apex. Entirely smooth and shining.

Pubescence similar to that of the 9. Wings shorter

than in @?.

Mundaring Weir, W. Australia (Clark, nos. 21, 22, 57,

124, 147).

Types W. C. C. coll.

The @ differs from that of pusi//us, Mayr, in the longer

head with sides more parallel, and the thicker and higher

scale; and from the var. equalis, For., principally in size.

The ¢ differs from pusil/us in the longer scapes and eden-

tate mandibles, and in the joints of the funiculus which in

pusillus are as broad as long, and in its greater size. It is

also larger than the ¢ of equalis. The % differs from

pusillus in the lighter colour, the longer head and joints of

funiculus, and in the impression on the back of thorax.

Bothriomyrmez scissor, sp.n. (Fig. 16.)

9. Length 2°4 mm.

Fuscous ; the extremities of mandibles, the funiculus, and

tarsi lighter. Wings iridescent, much longer than the

whole insect.

Pilosity as in flavus.

Fig. 16.

Mandible of B. scissor, 2.

Mandibles somewhat similar in shape to those of flavus,

but with only two teeth, a large apical and a smaller sub-

apical one. Beyond the teeth the mandible is scooped out

so as to form a sharp cutting-edge (vide fig. 16).

Head exactly as long as broad, slightly narrower in front,

the sides slightly convex (more so than in flavus), the

30 Mr. W. C. Crawley on

occipital border widely and deeply emarginate. Anterior

border of clypeus very feebly convex with the suspicion of

an incision in the centre. ‘The scape fails to reach the

occipital border by its width. Joints 2-5 of funiculus sub-

equal, slightly longer than broad; the sixth shorter, the

remainder lengthening and broadening, the apical longer

than the two preceding together. Eyes large, less than

their length from base of mandibles.

Thorax flat, as broad as head. Epinotum as in flavus,

scale as in flavus, but thinner and more pointed at apex.

Gaster as in flavus.

Murray River, W. Australia (Clark).

Two ¢ 2? taken with Jridomyrmex innocens, For., no. 146.

Type W. C. C. coll.

Comes near the race equalis, For., of pusillus, Mayr.

Differs from the ? of flavus in the shape of head, node, and

particularly mandibles. ‘The latter are characteristic, and

evideutly adapted for decapitating the host queen. Probably

parasitic on J, innocens.

Acantholepis (Stigmacros) OCCIDENTALIS, sp. n.

%. Length 1:°9 mm.

Dirty yellow, sometimes almost entirely brown ; head

darker, legs paler, a brownish band on apical borders of

segments of gaster. Posterior and lateral borders of clypeus

lined with dark brown.

Pilosity almost nil ; two pairs of longish hairs on clypeus

aud a few on the apical segments of gaster. Whole body

with small adpressed hairs.

Head a fraction broader than long, narrowing slightly in

front of eyes, which are placed just behind the middle of

sides. Occipital angles rounded, the border widely concave.

Frontal area large, triangular, its anterior aud lateral

borders clearly defined. Mandibles triangular with four

teeth and a fifth obsolete between the second and third.

Clypeus bluntly carinate, the anterior border rounded and

having a slight flattening in the middle. Frontal carine

short, slightly divergent. Scapes pass the occiput by nearly

one-quarter of their length, they are incrassate towards apex.

First joint of funiculus twice as long as second, which is

hardly longer than broad, the rest all longer than broad, the

apical equalling the two preceding. ‘There is a distinct

thickening towards the apex.

Pronotum epaulate, twice as wide as long. Promesonotal

suture distinct and impressed. Mesonotal longer than wide,

wider in front. The mesonotum forms a transverse ridge,

new Ants from Australia, 31

bituberculate, separated from the mesonotum by a feeble

suture. Mesoepinotal suture deep. Base of epinotum from

above transversely concave, forming two lateral angles, and

wider than long, wider in front, the lateral borders raised,

In profile the apex is flat, the declivity twice as long as the

base, widely concave, the spines placed above the middle ;

they are short and sharp, hardly longer than wide at their

base. Scale as broad as high, widely excised at summit ; im

profile very thin, feebly convex in front,

Mandibles smooth. Head almost entirely smooth ; there

are a few very indistinct shallow punctures on the clypeus

and cheeks, aud the back of head is slightly roughened.

Entire thorax superficially roughened. Declivity of

epinotum shining. Gaster smooth and shining.

Murray River, W. Australia (Clark, no. 141).

Type W. C. C. coll.

According to the description it appears to come near

emula, Forel, but the scapes are longer and the clypeus

carinate.

Camponotus (Myrmophyma) claripes, Mayr,

race MINIMA, St. n.

% (major). Length 7:0 mm.

Dark brown; underside of head, front of pronotum, and

anteune ferruginous ; legs pale testaceous yellow, tarsi and

joints of tibize brown ; borders of segments of gaster testa-

ceous. <A few erect hairs on body, none on antenne or legs.

Head as broad as long, broadest just behind the eyes, the

sides curved and narrowing in front of eyes, which are

placed behind the middle of sides. Occipital angles

rounded, the border widely concave. Mandibles stout, with

six teeth. Clypeus obtusely carinate, almost flat, the

anterior border crenulate. Frontal carinw sigmoid, wide

apart. Ocelli marked by three superficial impressions.

Scapes barely reach the occipital border. Thorax con-

stricted at meso-epinotal suture. In profile the thorax forms

a gentle curve to the junction of the base and declivity of

epinotum, where it descends abruptly, the angle hardly

greater than a right angle. Base and declivity equal, the

latter concave. Scale broad and thin, rounded at top, in

profile convex in front and flat behind.

Mandibles finely punctate. Whole head microscopically

reticulate. Front of head with minute shallow punctures,

disappearing at occiput.

Thorax similar, but punctures less in number.

% (minor). Length 4°4-5°0 mm.

32 Mr. W. C. Crawley on

Brown ; clypeus, cheeks, antennze, and anterior half of

pronotum testaceous yellow, legs paler yellow, sometimes

almost white; tarsi and joints of tibie as in 8 major.

Mandibles with six teeth. Clypeus as in 8 major, but more

clearly carinate.

Pilosity similar.

Head longer than broad, the sides almost parallel, the

occipital border widely concave; the scapes pass the

occipital border by over one-quarter of their length.

Thorax as in § major, but the base of epinotum almost

knife-edged, and the angle between base and declivity less

abrupt. Scale narrower and thicker.

Sculpture similar to that of 3 major, but smoother and

minus the punctures on head.

3. Length 5°0 mm.

Almost black, including legs and seapes ; funiculus and

tarsi brown. Wings clear, faintly iridescent; uervures

yellow. Body with scattered erect hairs.

Mandibles flat, with a blunt apical tooth. Clypeus raised

in centre, with an impression just before the auterior border,

which is straight. Scapes pass the occipital border by

nearly half their length.

Eyes placed just behind the middle of sides. Head broad

behind, the occipital border convex; in front of the eyes

it is very much narrower, the sides parallel from eyes to

base of mandibles.

Thorax large, pronotum depressed in centre. Epinotum

in profile evenly curved. Scale small and thick.

Genitalia: squamula short and broad, stipes long and

narrow, volsella broad and flat, with a rounded point turned

down, the lateral process broad and short with a blunt point

directed upwards. This and the volsella are armed with

teeth facing each other. Sagittee long, intermediate in

length between the stipes and volsella.

?. Length 9°0 mm.

Similar to % major, but darker, with ferruginous patches

on cheeks and pronotum. Wings pale brown, nervures

darker.

The scapes only just pass the occipital border. Base of

epinotum only half as long as declivity, the angle between

them rounded and wider than in 8 major.

Otherwise like % major, except for sexual differences.

Mundaring, W.A. (Clark, nos. 117, 121, 122, 131, 135).

Types in W.C.C. coll.

new Ants from Australia, 33

Camponotus (Myrmophyma) lownei, Forel.

@ (hitherto undescribed). Length 4°5 mm.

Black ; mandibles, funiculi, and tarsi yellow-brown ; wings

yellowish.

Body with a scanty pilosity, most abundant on gaster.

Head as long as broad, widest just behind eyes, which

are prominent and just behind the middle of sides. Behind

eyes rounded, in front of eyes narrow, the sides slightly

converging. Mandibles flat, the points crossing when

closed, masticatory border edentate, sharp, with a blunt

apical point. Clypeus rounded, the anterior border im-

pressed and slightly projecting, feebly convex. Antenne

long, the scapes passing the occipital border by nearly half

their length. All joints of funiculus longer than broad,

2 and 3 subequal, the rest diminishing in length to the

apical,

Thorax large, scutum almost overhanging the head ;

epinotum convex transversely, in profile the base feebly

convex. Scale from above more than twice as wide as long,

straight in front, convex behind ; in profile twice as high as

thick, the top blunt. Squamuala broad and rounded, stipes

long and tapering, generally similar to the genitalia of

C. claripes, r. minima, but volsella less spatulate, the lateral

process thicker, and the sagitte longer, as long or longer

than the stipites.

Shining ; whole body, including antenne and legs, super-

ficially reticulate; on the head and thorax the sculpture

forms a complete network, on the scale and gaster it takes a

transverse direction.

? (hitherto undescribed). Length 8-0 mm.

Dark brown, almost black; antenne brown, rims of

gastric segments testaceous, legs yellow, tibie and tarsi

darker, Wings yellow-brown, nervures brown. Body with

stiff erect hairs, most abundant on gaster, and also small

adherent hairs.

Head very slightly longer than broad, widest at occiput,

whose border is nearly straight aud angles square. Sides of

head straight, converging slightly in front. yes flat,

behind middle. Scapes pass occiput by not quite their

thickness. Front swollen. Mandibles thick, with five to

six teeth. Clypeus bluntly carinate, the anterior border

sinuate, with a blunt projection at each extremity of the

curve. Frontal carine widely divided and sigmoid. Base

vf epinotum short, the curve rounded, the first third of

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. x. 3

34 Mr. W. C. Crawley on

declivity convex, the rest concave. Scale broad and oval,

bluntly pointed.

Mandibles and whole of head with scattered superficial

punctures. Thorax with fewer punctures, declivity with

more, gaster with none. Whole body has a reticulate

ground-sculpture similar to that of the §.

Beenup, W.A. (Clark, no. 166), 3 3 ?.

Types W.C. C. coll.

Camponotus (Myrmogonia) ruminus, sp. n. (Fig. 17.)

% major. Length 9°0 mm.

Dark brown, nearly black; funiculi, cheeks, tibiz, and

tarsi russet-brown, rest of legs yellow or light caataneous.

Pilosity sparse, none on scapes or upper surface of tibize ;

underside of tibiz bears a row of spike-hairs.

Head thick, vertex swollen, as long as broad, widest at

eyes, which are placed just below the middle of sides ; ocelli

distinct. Occipital border widely concave. Mandibles

% minor,

Profile of thorax of Camponotus (Myrmogonia) tumidus,

thick and short, with six teeth ; clypeus bluntly carinate, its

anterior third depressed; lobe short, the anterior border

crenate. Scapes barely pass the occiput. Frontal carinz

short, curved, not diverging behind. Frontal groove reaches

the anterior ocellus.

Pronotum broader than long, sub-bordered, evenly

rounded in front. Mesonotum marked by two transverse

impressions. In profile the base of epinotum is very short,

the declivity descending abruptly, the first half straight, the

new Ants from Australia. 35

lower feebly concave. Scale moderately broad, the top

rounded and acute.

Moderately shining ; mandibles closely punctured.

Clypeus with an elongate puncture at each side of lobe.

Whole of head with scattered minute punctures. Thorax

and gaster almost smooth. There is a reticulate ground-

sculpture over the whole body, most noticeable on fore part

of head, microscopical on gaster,

% minor. Length 7-7-5 mm.

Colour as § major.

Ilead longer than broad, widest at base of mandibles,

vertex very arched, sides subparallel, converging slightly

behind eyes, which are well behind the middle of sides.

Occipital border widely concave, the angles subacute.

Mandibles and clypeus as in § major, but the anterior

border of latter distinctly convex. Antenne remarkably

long, the scapes passing the occiput by half their length ;

all joints of funiculus longer than broad. Angle of epinotum

more pronounced and declivity more kuife-edged, scale

thicker and narrower at top, otherwise like § major.

Byford, W.A. (Clark, no. 172).

Types W.C. C. coll.

Camponotus (Myrmoturba) nigriceps, Sm.,

race dimidiata, Rog., var. perthiana, For.

¢ (hitherto undescribed). Length 12-0 mm.

Black ; apical half of funiculus and tarsi ferruginous,

rest of funiculus and legs dark brown; apical borders of

segments of gaster testaceous.

Pilosity short, red-brown. Legs with short semi-adherent

hairs, scapes pubescent.

Mandibles moderately long, the masticatory border eden-

tate, the edge sharp and notched in centre. Head longer

than broad, rounded behind. Clypeus with a minute notch

in centre. Eyes small, placed behind the middle of sides.

Scapes pass the occiput by more than half their length.

Thorax long, rather narrow; epinotum broad, convex in

both directions. Scale short, broad at top and _ slightly

concaye. Gaster elongate-oval. Stipites very long and

thin,

Dull ; microscopically reticulate with a few punctures on

clypeus, cheeks, and thorax.

? (hitherto undescribed). Length 16°0 mm.

Colour of § major, but a larger area of base of gaster

castaneous redyand thorax with a broad black baud down

36 Miss G. Ricardo on

centre of mesonotum. Pilosity less abundant than in &.

Mandibles with six teeth. Clypeus raised in centre, but not

(strictly speaking) carinate, as is the casein the % ; anterior

border notched.

Head narrower, scale thinner than in 8 major, otherwise

similar.

Wongong, W.A. (Clark, no. 162), 3 g 2.

Types W. C. C. coll.

Polyrhachis (Campomyrma) sidnica, Mayr,

Var, PERTHENSIS, Noy,

%. Differs from the type in the length of the outer spines

of the scale, which are slightly longer than the inner ones ;

in the gaster not being matt and microscopically punctulate,

but more or less smooth aud shining, the superficial reticu-

lation only being distinguishable under a magnification of

60 diameters; and in the colour of the legs, which are

ferrugiuous in the type, and almost entirely black in the

variety.

Perth (Clark, nos. 8 and 20).

Type W. C. C. coll:

I1].— Notes on the Asilinee of the South African

and Oriental Regions. By GERTRUDE RICARDO.

[Concluded from vol. viii. p. 192.]

Philodicus rufiventris, Bigot.

Nouy. Archiv. d. Mus. d’Hist. Nat. Paris, ser. 3, ii. p. 207 (1890).

A female described from Laos, measuring 26 mm.

Autenne incomplete, black. Moustache black. Abdomen

elongated, black, the three first segments covered with reddish

tomentum. Legs blackish, tibie reddish. Wings nearly

clear.

This species is unknown to me.

Philodicus blandus, Wied., is said by Schiner to belong to

this geuus, from an unknown locality. The author describes

it as a species with wholly black legs, bristles chiefly black.

Moustache yellow.

Length, ¢ 9,15 mm.

It is probably an Oriental species, as no species from the

South African region have wholly black legs,

South African and Oriental Asiline. 37

The two following species, not belonging to the Oriental

Region strictly, are added here :—

Philodicus ponticus, Bigot. |

Ann. Soe. Ent. France, (5) x. p. 148 (1880) [ Aletmus].

From South Kurdistan.

The above specimen, in poor condition, has been lately

acquired by the Brit. Mus. Coll.

‘The moustache is white. Thorax and seutellum with white

bristles. Abdomen much longer than the wings. Legs

blackish, the femora reddish below, the tibiz the same, and

also reddish on the outside ; all the bristles on the legs white,

with the exception of a few on the tarsi, which are blaek ;

the pubescence on legs is whitish and thick.

It seems, on the whole, to belong to this genus rather than

to Alcimus, as the second submarginal cell is distinctly

shorter than the first one, and it is very nearly allied in

general appearance to Philodicus gracilis, v. d. Wulp, from

Arabia ; both these specimens approacl: somewhat in colouring

the typical Ale¢mus species.

Philodicus spectalilis, Loew.

Schrift. Ges. Freund, Nat. Moskau, 1870, lv. p. 20 (1870), et Beschreib.

Europ. Dipt. ii. p. 112, 68 (1871).

A female from Amara, R. Tigris, 24. v. 1918, sent me for

identification by Mr. P. A. Buxton, who has kindly presented

it to the Brit. Mus. Coll., is probably the female of this

species. Loew only described the male, from Turkestan, and

describes the wing as entirely clear ; in this female the apex

is shaded, as usual.

The length of the male was given as 19} mm. ; this female

measures 2) mm,

A.cimus, Loew.

Linn. Ent. iii. p. 391 (1848),

With the removal of Asilus hospes from this genus to

Philodicus, this genus is restricted to the South African

Region, with the exception of Alcimus ponticus, Bigot,

deseribed by him as from Persia or Caucasus ; one very much

denuded male was all the material he had. A female from

South Kurdistan in the Brit. Mus. Coll. appears to agree with

his identification, and this species seems more appropriately

placed in Philodicus.

38 Miss G. Ricardo on

The species are very difficult to distinguish from each

other, all having very nearly allied characteristics ;. the

specific characters seem to lie chiefly in the colouring of the

bristles on the legs and on the colour of the femora and tibia

and of their pubescence.

Table of Species.

1, Hhege blaciish ... 2... sees esses thing eppeee eles 2,

LPS TAGISH. |.\2s via dena sual Os see 3.

2. Moustache black and yellow. Legs black, tibize

paler at the base’... 22. Jes gene ache eres cts alamanus, Wk.

3. Femora black, reddish or yellowish below ...... 4.

Femora black below, red above .....,...+.... 5.

Femora black on the inner side and sometimes on

ihe ouker mde % <n. iy veh aan Poh pee eG:

Femora chiefly black...... oho eps in iare De cie Pale 7.

4, Bristles on legs chiefly white ............004, tristrigatus, Loew.

Bristles on legs chiefly black ..............4. rubiginosus, Gerst,

Very large species; male with four bristles on

scutellum ; bristles on legs chiefly white.

WP RUOIE s 5 vhic > alanis Maman aint esis ee brevipennis, sp. Nn.

Fore femora only, yellowish below. Legs with

dense short white pubescence ........,00+0% stenurus, Loew.

5. Bristles on legs and on sides of abdomen all black ;

. Fore legs with long white pubescence

only the femora with a black stripe below ....

Fore femora with short black bristles below ....

. Femora only red at base and apex; bristles on

legs chiefly black, some white ones on fore legs.

porrectus, W1k.

ctnerascens, Ric.

teniopus, Rondani.

nigrescens, sp. N.

Asilus fraternus, placed in Kertesz’s Cat. under this genus,

is a species of Philodicus.

The following species are unknown to me:—

Alcimus ethiopicus, Bigot, trom Abyssinia, and Alcimus

tigris, Karsch, from E. Africa, both with blackish legs.

Alcimus angustipennis, Loew, from the Cape, a paler var.

of Alcimus longurio, which is the same as Az alamanus, Wk.

Alcimus sericans, Wied, from unknown locality.

Alcimus mimus and ludens, Wied, from ©

Aleimus limbatus, Macq., from Senegal.

Alcimus alamanus, Walker.

Loew, Dipt. Sud-Afrik. i. p. 134 (1860).

ape and Nubia.

Alcimus perlongus, Wik. Ins. Saund, Dipt. i. p. 126 [ Trupanea} (1851).

Alcinus longurio, Loew, Ofvers. Kongl. Vet.-Akad. Foérhandl. xiv,

1857, p. 360 (1858), &e.

Walkev’s type is a female from S. Africa (Dr. Smith), and

South African and Oriental Asiline. 39

other specimens are from 8. Africa, Natal, and Zululand ;

males from Durban and Cape Colony in South African Coll.

Length of type 23 mm. (other females attain to 33 mm.) ;

males 30 mm.

An easily distinguished species, having wholly black legs,

the tibie only paler at the base. Moustache black and

yellow.

Trupanea longipes, Macq., from an unknown locality, is

very likely the same as this species; though placed under

Promachus in Kertesz’s Cat., there is no doubt, from the figure

of the wing given by Macquart, of its generic place.

Aleimus longurio, Loew, is no doubt the same as Walker’s

species,

This species, mentioned under the name of Alcimus per-

longus, is stated to be “ the most active and voracious enemy

of the buttertly.”” In a paper published by C. N. Barker,

F.E.S., ‘‘ Some Records of Predaceous Insects and their Prey

in the Durban Museum,” in the ‘Annals of the Durban

Museum,’ ii. pt. 2, p. 94 (1918), Mr. Barker says that, so

far, he has come across no other species of this group which

preys on butterflies.

Alcimus tristrigatus, 3 , Loew.

Dipt. Faun. Siid-Afrik. i. p. 184, pl. i. fig, 51 (1860); Ricardo, Ann. &

Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) vi. p. 175 (1900) ; Speiser, Schwed. Zool. Exped.

Ost-Afrik. p. 99 (1910).

Specimens from Voi and Makindu, Brit. E. Africa; from

Pretoria (Distant Coll. and H. K, Munro); a male from

Smithfield, Orange River (Kannemayern), in South African

Museum Coll. Speiser has recorded it from Kilimandjaro.

This species is distinguished from Alcimus rubiginosus,

Gerst., by its usually slightly smaller size, and the thorax is,

as arule, greenish brown, with darker stripes. The bristles

on the sides of the abdomen are white, and those on the

posterior part of the thorax, described by Loew as black,

often appear to be white. Legs brownish or blackish, the

underside of all femora and apices of tibize reddish ; bristles

white.

Length 30-32 mm. (males), 32 mm. (females). Loew

ives $4 mm.

The females from Brit. E. Africa have the ovipositor quite

reddish, not blackish brown.

40 Miss G. Ricardo on

Alcimus rubiginosus, Gerst.

Archiv f. Naturgesch. xxxvii. 1, p. 362 (1871), et in Decken’s Reise in

Ost-Afrik. iii, 2, p. 387, pl. xvi. fig. 5 (1873); Ricardo, Ann. & Mag.

Nat. Hist. (7) vi. p. 174 (1900).

Specimens from Uganda; Somaliland; Buluwayo (G@. W.

Bury, E. C. Chubb) ; Zomba, British Central Atrica (Ren-

dall) ; and a long series of males and females from 150-

209 miles west of Kambove, 3500-4500 feet, 11.-10. 17

(Neave Coll.).

In I. E. E. Coll. specimens from German East Africa and

Nyasaland.

A large species, distinguished from Alcimus tristrigatus,

Loew, by the bristles on the legs being chiefly black and

those on the posterior part of the thorax the same colour; the

bristles on the sides of the abdomen are black and white.

The thorax appears to be usually reddish brown in colour,

with the stripes not very distinct.

Length from 30-32 mm. (males), 37-40 mm. (females).

Alcimus brevipennis, § 2, 8p. n.

Type (male), type (female), from junction of Blaauw

Krantz and Tugela River, Natal, Oct. 1896 (G. A. K.

Marshall) ; and another female.

A very large species, the wings in proportion very short,

the male with four stout black bristles on the scutellum ; the

females, however, with the usual two bristles. Legs reddish,

the femora and apices of tibiz blackish, bristles on legs

chiefly white.

Length, ¢ 38, 2? 40-45 mm.

Male.—Face reddish, with pale tomentum. Moustache

pale yellow, and weaker hairs of the same colour continued

to the antenne. Palpi red, with yellow hairs. Beard white.

Antenne red, the third joint black, as long as the first two

together, with a stout arista. Forehead same colour as face,

the bristles yellow, as are those on vertex, bordered on each

side with very stout black bristles. Thorax light brownish

olive, with glistening white tomentum at sides and traces of

it between the very narrow brown median stripes and thie

broader two blackish-brown spots representing the side-

stripes ; dorsum with very short black bristly hairs and some

long white bristles on posterior border intermixed with

shorter black ones. Scutellum same colour as thorax, with

short black bristles and hairs. Abdomen with the usual

large black spots and side-spots, and with stout white byistles

South African and Oriental Asilinee. 41

at the sides. Genitalia short, stout, red, with short white

pubescence, the pubescence on dorsum of abdomen short,

white. Legs reddish, the femora black above and the tibiz

black at their apices, more widely so on the hind pair; the

bristles all white, a few black ones on the tarsi; the pubes-

cence white, on the underside of femora and tibiz longer.

Wings about a third shorter than the abdomen, veins reddish.

Female identical; owing to the greater length of the abdo-

men, the wings are still shorter in comparison. Ov/positor

long, shining red, with two spines at apex.

Aleimus stenurus, Loew.

Dipt. Siid-Afrik. i. p. 136 (1860), et Wien. Ent. Mon. vii. (1863),

Males and females from Deelfontein, S. Africa (Col.

Sloggett), and a male from Pretoria.

‘he species was apparently described from one female

specimen. It seems very nearly allied to Alcimus tristrigatus,

and may prove to be only one species.

Loew describes it as “yellowish white pollinose.” The

chief difference appears to be in the colour of the legs ; in

this species only the underside of the fore femora and base of

tibise are chamois-coloured or reddish, elsewhere the colour is

blackish,

The spots on the abdomen are, perhaps, narrower.

Loew gives the length as 323-36 mm. In these specimens

the males range from 28-37 mm., the females 36 min,

Aleimus porrectus, Walker.

Dipt. Ins. Saund. i. p. 126 [ Trupanea] (1851), et List Dipt. vii., Suppl. 3,

p- 613 [ Trupanea) (1855).

This is placed under Promachus in Kertesz’s Cat.

Type (male), ?S8. Africa (Walker Coll.).

Type (female), S. Africa.

A male from Dunbrody, Cape Colony (2tev. W. O'Neil), in

South African Coll.

A reddish species, apparently not described under any

other name, with reddish legs, only the femora with a black

stripe below; all bristles on the legs black. Abdomen with

large broad black spots and with black bristles at the sides.

Length, g 30, 9 34 mm.

Male.—Face covered witli yellowish tomentum. Moustache

rather scanty, yellow, with two or more large black bristles

near the oral opening. Thorax (denuded) reddish, with the

42 Miss G. Ricardo on

stripes and with black bristles on the posterior part. Scu-

tellum same colour, with two black bristles. Abdomen

reddish, with grey borders round the black spots. Genitalia

simple, reddish, with whitish pubescence. Legs with only

black bristles. Wings clear, tinged ete and greyish at

apex.

Foes identical. Scutellum sri fies blégks bristles.

Fore femora below with some short black bristles near the

base, also present in the male, but not so stout ; pubescence

on legs short, white.

Both types are in bad condition.

Alcimus cinerascens, Ricardo.

Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) vi. p. 176 (1900).

No new specimens have been added to the three males and

four females from Nyasaland in the original description.

A species measuring 18-22 mm.

The fore legs with long white pubescence, red with some

black colour chiefly on the fore legs.

A male from M’fongosi, Zululand (W. £. Jones), in

South African Coll.

Alcimus tentopus, Rondani.

Ann, Mus, Civ. Genova, iv. p, 292 [ Promachus] (1873).

Two males from Zigi Tsana, Abyssinia, v. & vi. 1902

(Degen) ; oue female from Zomba, Nyasaland (H. H. John-

ston) ; one female from Abyssinia, Nov. 1911 (&. J. Stordy).

In L. E. E. Coll.

A species described by Rondani as nearly allied to Alcimus

stenurus, Loew. Legs chiefly red, the femora with black

stripes on outer and inner sides. The presence of black

short bristles on the underside of the fore femora in the female

is a characteristic of this species.

Length, g 30, 2 35 nm.

Rondani ‘described his type as from Abyssinia.

Alcimus nigrescens, g 2, sp. n.

Type (male), type (female), and others from Mt. Mlanje,

Nyasaland, 1-10. i. 1913 (S. A. Neave), in I. E. E.-Coll.

A blackish-coloured species with a black and yellow

moustache and legs red and black, the femora chiefly black.

Wings tinged yellowish brown.

Lengti, 3 24, 2 25-30 mm,

South African and Oriental Asiline. 43

Male.—Face yellowish brown covered with yellow tomen-

tum. Moustache composed of strong yellow and_ black

bristles, the latter surrounding the oral opening; weaker

yellow hairs are continued up the. centre, i a row of black

short bristles extends on each side to the antennz, which are

red on the first two joints, with strong black hairs, the third

joint blackish. Palpé black, with pale hairs. Beard white.

Forehead with some weak yellow hairs and a few black ones.

Hind part of head with strong black bristles. Thorax

yellowish brown, paler at the sides, with the usual stripes

dark and distinet; pubescence on dorsum chiefly short, black,

all bristles black. Scutellum with two black bristles and

chiefly black hairs. Abdomen with the usual spots large,

black, the side ones also blackish; bristles at sides black ;

pubescence black and white on dorsum, very short. Genitalia

short, stout, black, with white hairs. Legs with chiefly

black bristles, the femora almost entirely black except at the

extreme base and at apices ; tibia red on their basal half and

black beyond ; tarsi reddish, black at the joints, pubescence

white and thick, though short; the fore femora below with

weak bristly black and yellow hairs; fore tibize with at least

two long black bristles on the outer side and some long weak

bristly yellow hairs; the fore tarsi with occasional white

bristles below. Wings not so long as the abdomen.

Female identical; the two long bristles on the fore tibie

are usually yellow, and those on the outside of the tarsi also

yellow.

Anacinaces gigas, 2, Enderlein.

Zool. Anz. xliv. 6, p. 257 (1914).

One female (incomplete) from Chauntabun, Siam (J/ouhot),

Though this specimen is very much mutilated, it appears

to be a specimen of the above species recorded from Sumatra

(one female). The genus was founded by the author for this

species, taking the place of the genus raz in this region,

distinguished from it by the very short ovipositor in the

female,

It is a large insect, the abdomen covered with golden-

yellow short pubescence, Legs entirely black,

Length 28 mm.

Proctacanthus penultimus, Walker.

Dipt. Saund. i. p. 134 (1851), et List Dipt. vii., Suppl. 3, p. 726 (1855)

Asilus).

Type (male) from E. India (Walker Coll.).

44 Miss G. Ricardo on

A very large reddish-brown species with red legs,

Length 32 mm.

Face with greyish-yellow tomentum ; tubercle large, taking

up two-thirds of the face. Moustache yellowish. Falpt

yellow-haired, Antenne reddish yellow, the third darker,

short, with a long arista. Forehead with yellow hairs on

each side. Zhoraa reddish brown, stripes are not discernible ;

pubescence short, black. Seutedlum the same colour, covered

with long black bristly hairs. Abdomen with short black

and yellow pubescence, same colour as thorax, the seventh

segment covered with dense dirty white pubescence, appearing

as a band, the last segment covered with it in less degree ;

the hairs at sides are black on the first two segments, some

yellow hairs intermixed; on the other segments the hairs are

yellow. Genitalia shining red, simple, but large, with

yellow hairs. Legs stout, the fore and middle femora with

an assemblage of short stout black bristles on their undersides

at base ; they are present in a single row only on the posterior

pair; pubescence chiefly yellow and short. Wings very

large, tinged yellow.

Asilus opulentus, Walker.

Ins. Saund., Dipt. p. 150 (1851), et List Dipt. vii., Suppl. 3, p. 724

(1855).

T'ype (male) from India (Walker Coll.).

A large species, with the black abdomen covered with

bright orange-yellow hairs. Legs yellow, femora black.

Antenne black.

Length 20 mm.

Face covered with grey tomentum, the tubercle large.

Moustache composed of black bristles above and yellow ones

below. Beard yellow. Antenne black, the first two joints

with black bristly hairs, the third joint longer than the first

two togctlier, its arista about two-thirdsits length. Forehead

with black bristly hairs on each side. Hind part of head

with black bristles and yellowish soft hairs round head.

Thorax blackish, with short black pubescence and grey

tomentum, longer black hairs on the posterior half, Scu-

fellum greenish grey, with Jong tawny hairs, the posterior

border armed with a fringe of stout black bristles. Abdomen

black, the golden hairs thick on each segment, long and

dusky. Genitalia short, stout, simple, the upper forceps

black, stout, the lower pair shorter, ending in a point, the

pubescence on both chiefly pale yellow; a fringe of black

hairs on the posterior border of the underside of the last

South African and Oriental Asiline. 45

segment. Legs reddish; femora black, with soft yellow hairs

below and yellow pubescence above; fore tibia with long

soft black hairs below and short bristly black hairs on the

upper sides and three long black bristles on outer sides ;

pubescence elsewhere yellow ; the other tibis have only a

few of the long black hairs; tarsi heavily armed with black

bristles and with black pubescence. Wings tinged grey,

clear in the centre.

Asilus armatipes, Macq.

Dipt. Exot. Suppl. 5, p. 83, pl. ii. fig. 8 (1855).

Asilus shalumus, Walker, Trans, Ent. Soc, Lond. n. ser. iv. p, 131 (1857).

One male from Golden Buddha Mts., N. of Chunking,

Sze-chien Province, 5000 feet (W. A. Maw, 1907).

Female type of A. shalumus from China (Walker Coll.).

Macquart described his type from N. China.

The species is distinguished by the curious assemblage of

short, stout, black bristles on the underside of the middle

femora and tibize in both sexes; it is a large black fly,

Macquart giving 16 mm, for the male and 18 mm. for the

female; these measure respectively 22 mm. and 27 mm.

Otherwise they agree with his description, though his figure

of the genitalia does not altogether agree with those of this

male,

Male.—Face covered with golden tomentum, tubercle con-

fined to the lower part of the face. Moustache golden yellow,

with a few black hairs. Antenne reddish. Palpi golden-

haired. Thorax blackish, with grey tomentum and black

pubescence. Scutellum denuded, with probably two black

bristles. Abdomen black, with black bristles, the last segment

with deep golden-yellow pubescence; the ground-colour of

the segment itself appears the same colour, the anterior

segment shows traces of white tomentum. None of this

colouring appears in the female, Genitalia transparent

yellow, the upper forceps large, bifid, the upper tooth short,

stout, the lower one long, stout, its broad apex concave, with

a short tooth on tlie outside ; pubescence yellow, the lower

pair of forceps very small, hardly visible. Legs reddish

yellow, the fore femora with long yellow and black hairs

below, the middle ones with a double row of stout short

black bristles on the middle of the underside, the middle

tibia with a row of similar ones, interlocking when the legs

are bent up; the hind legs entirely bare, the tibiz with two

or three black bristles. Wings large, tinged yellow.

46 Miss G. Ricardo on

Female identical, but the abdomen is entirely black, ovi-

positor short. ‘The black bristles on the middle femora are

more numerous and nearer the base.

Verrall, in § British Flies,’ vol. v. p. 653 (1909), suggests

this little-known species should form a new genus inter-

mediate between Pamponerus and Polyphonius.

Asilus orientalis, $ 3, sp. n.

Type (male) and type (female) from Khasi Hills, Assam

(purchased EX. Heyne), and other males and females from the

same locality.

A large species rather resembling Asilus opulentus, Walk.,

but the legs are wholly black. Moustache black and yellow.

Antenne brownish, the third joint long. )

Length, @ 15-17, 2 31 mm.

Male.—lace black, covered with golden tomentum, the

tubercle large, extending over most of the face. Moustache

composed of golden-yellow fine hairs, with one or more black

ones above. Palpi yellow-haired. Beard golden-yellow.

Antenne blackish, the first joint at its base and the second

joint reddish brown, the third joint longer than the first two

joints together, cylindrical ; the arista stout, about two-thirds

of the length of the joint itself, the first two joints have

black hairs. Jorehead with black hairs. Thorax denuded,

blackish brown, with four narrow yellow tomentose stripes ;

pubescence short, black, with many longer hairs and bristles

posteriorly. Scutellum same colour as thorax, with black

hairs, the posterior border armed with a fringe of long black

bristles. Abdomen black, the golden hairs bushy and thick

on the first four segments, more particularly so on the sides

and on the posterior borders, the remaining segment with

much fewer hairs ; underside with soft yellow hairs. Geni-

talia black, the upper forceps stout, club-shaped, the lower

ones shorter, stout, both with soft black hairs, and some

yellow ones on the upper pair at apices ; below, a tuft of

thick golden-yellow hairs appears, proceeding from the centre

ot the last segment on its underside. Legs black, with

reddish appressed pubescence on the hind tibize and meta-

tarsi; the pubescence otherwise is black, yellow on the under-

side of the fore and middle femora, with some long black

hairs at the base of fore femora ; middle cox with some

short, strong, black bristles; the middle and hind tibiez with

black bristles below ; all bristles on the legs black. Wings

tinged brown, the posterior branch of the third vein with a

South African and Oriental Asiline. 47

concave curve, the small transverse vein before the middle of

the discal cell.

Female identical ; the golden or reddish-yellow pubescence

on abdomen extends on the first three segments, on all the

others it is thick but short. Ovipositor black, short, appearing

almost compressed. ’

None of the specimens are in very good condition.

Asilus montanus, 3 2, sp. n.

Type (male) from Khasi Hills, Assam (purchased E.

Heyne) ; type (female) from Masuri, N.W. Himalayas,

5000 feet (Major H. D. Peile); another male and female

from Darjeeling, (Bingham Coll.) ; other females from Khasi

Hills (F. W. 7. Sladen).

In the Forest Research Coll. are four males from Sattal,

Bhowali, Dharniste, and Shaun Ket in Kumaon.

A large species. Antenne yellow and brown, the third

joint with a long arista. Abdomen greyish brown, with

white segmentations. Legs yellow. Genitalia large, bifid.

Length, ¢ 26, 9 25-26 mm.

Male.—Face with greyish tomentum, the tubercle small,

on lower part of face. Moustache of white bristly hairs, the

rest of the face bare. Palpi with long black bristly hairs.

Antenne reddish yellow in type; arista black, as long as

the first joint. Forehead with yellow hairs. Thorax

(denuded) blackish brown, with black hairs and greyish

tomentum. Scutellum with two black or yellow bristles.

Abdomen (denuded) blackish brown, with yellowish tomentum

and yellow hairs, which latter are also present on the sides

with some yellow bristles. (renitalia large, tle upper forceps

black, wide, bifid, the two teeth widely separated, under pair

very small ; underside of last segment fringed with yellow

hairs; pubescence elsewhere black. Legs reddish yellow,

knees slightly darker ; pubescence scanty, yellow, with long

fine hairs and bristles below; tarsi with black bristles.

Wings clear, with shaded apices and posterior border; the

posterior branch of the third vein slightly concave, the small

transverse vein beyond the middle of the discal cell; veins

black.

Female identical. Palpi white-haired, with some black

long bristles. Antenne with the third joint brown. Thoraw

blackish brown, with grey tomentose stripes visible. Scu-

tellum with two yellow bristles. Abdomen with paler seg-

mentations and pale hairs on them ; some white bristles at

sides only. Ovipositor small, shining black ; underside of

48 Miss G. Ricardo on

abdomen with white hairs; on the dorsum yellowish or

greyish tomentum is present. Wengs with yellow veins,

Asilus depulsus, §, Walker.

Proc, Linn. Soc. London, vii. p. 207 (1864).

‘Type (male) from Menado.

A pale-coloured species, with reddish-yellow legs; the

abdomen covered with yellowish tomentum. Autenne

black. Moustache whitish.

Length 14 mm.

Face covered with yellow glistening tomentum, tubercle

only on the lower part of face. Moustache composed of stout

black and yellow bristles. Palpi with yellow hairs. Beard

whitish. Face above moustache bare. Antenne blackish,

the second joint reddish, with yellow hairs, the first with

short, stout, black bristles, the third longer than the two

joints together ; arista as long as or longer than the joint.

Forehead with tomentum as on the face and with yellow hairs

on each side. Hind part of head with black bristles and

some yellow ones. Thorax blackish brown, with greyish-

yellow tomentum, the median broad stripe very narrowly

divided, joining again posteriorly, the side-stripes distinct ;

pubescence short, black, with longer black bristles posteriorly.

Scutellum with two yellow bristles. Abdomen covered with

yellowish tomentum and short yellowish pubescence, yellow

bristles at sides. (Genitalia very large, shining reddish

brown ; the upper forceps very large, trifid; the upper tooth

short, reddish, with yellow hairs, the lower tooth large, solid,

forming the oblong apex; between the two is a small reddish

spine-like tooth, the lower forceps long, the basal part large,

triangular, the apical part consisting of a stout point bent

inwards; no pubescence is visible except some long yellow

hairs on the upper side at the base, but the insect is im bad

condition. Legs reddish yellow; femora with a short black

stripe, faint on the hind pair; the knee and tarsi, with the

exception of the metatarsi, also black ; the fore femora with

fine long yellow hairs below, the others with only a few, and

stout black bristles; fore tibiw with a few hairs below ;

elsewhere the pubescence is yellow, dark on the tarsi; all

bristles black. Wings large, clear, with the usual shading

at apices and posterior bordeis.

Asilus contortus, 2, Walker.

Proc. Linn. Soc. London, i. p. 117 (1857).

‘Type (female) from Borneo (Walker Coll.).

South African and Oriental Asiline. 49

A species with yellowish pubescence on the abdomen.

Legs reddish yellow. Moustache black and yellow.

Length 19 mm.

Face covered with glistening yellow tomentum ; the

tubercle large, covered by the black and yellow bristles of

the moustache. Palpi black-haired. Antenne reddish

brown, the third joint darker, the first two joints with black

hairs, the third short, barely as long as the first joint ; the

arista nearly twice as long as the joint itself. Thorax

blackish brown, with dark stripes and greyish-yellow tomen-

tum; pubescence black. Scutellum denuded, yellow soft

hairs are present. Abdomen brownish, with fulvous tomen-

tum and yellow hairs on the segmentations which are pale

in colour; the yellow hairs are thick at the sides, the last

segment almost bare, with a little black pubescence ; tlie

ovipositor short; underside with some soft yellow hairs.

Legs with traces of a black stripe on the femora; tarsi black.

Wings tinged yellow, the posterior branch of the third vein

bent inwards a little; the other branch has a very short

appendix at its base.

Asilus superveniens, 2, Walker.

Proce. Linn. Soc. London, iii. p. 128 (1859).

Type (female) from Key Island.

A medium-sized greyish-black species. Antenne blackish.

Moustache black and yellow. Legs red; femora with black

stripe.

Length 20 mm.

Face with golden tomentum, the tubercle on the lower

part of the face. Pa/pi black-haired. Antenne with the

first two joints black, with black bristly hairs, third joint

wanting. Forehead with black bristly hairs. Thorax

blackish, with grey tomentum and black pubescence ; stripes

are apparent and black bristles are present posteriorly.

Scutellum with black hairs and two stout black bristles.

Abdomen brownish, covered with yellow tomentum and black

pubescence ; ovipositor very short, yellow bristles at sides of

abdomen. Legs reddish yellow ; femora with black stripes

not quite reaching the apex ; the tarsi, excepting the meta-

tarsi, all black, bristles all black. Wings clear, grey at apices

and on fore borders.

A female from the New Hebrides is very near this male.

Ann. & Mag. N. Mist. Ser. 9. Vol. x. 4

50 Miss G. Ricardo on

Asilus determinatus, ¢, Walker.

Proc. Linn. Soc. London, iv. p. 107 (1860), et v. p. 265 (1861); Ricardo,

Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) vi. p. 449 (1913).

Type (male) from Makessar.

The female type described by Walker is not to be found ;

from the description of the abdomen it may belong to Veo-

itamus, in the group of philus, Wlk.

This male has half the abdomen broken off; Walker gives

its length as 20-24 mm.

Antenne black. oustache black and yellow. Palpi

yellow-haired. Zhorax blackish, with well-marked stripes.

Scutellum with four or more black bristles and white hairs.

Abdomen blackish, the first two segments with yeliow tuft-

like hairs. Legs reddish yellow; femora black above ;

tibize with black apices; tarsi black ; pubescence on legs

golden-yellow, black on the dark parts; the fore and middle

tarsi stout, armed heavily with short black bristles. Wings

large, tinged yellow.

Asilus introducens, ? , Walker.

Proc. Linn. Soc. London, iy. p. 108 (1860), et vii. p. 232 (1864); Ri-

cardo, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) xi. p. 449 (1913).

Type (female) from Makessar.

? Type (male) from Waigiou.

The female has tuft-like greyish-white hairs on the first

two segments of abdomen; the male has, in addition, on the

fifth and sixth segments grey-white tomentose bands with

white pubescence, and is probably a different species. Walker

places it with the female with a query.

Female has black antenne. Moustache yellowish white.

Abdomen has the ovipositor broken off; Walker describes it

thus :—‘* Abdomen has nearly haif the apical point stylate.”

Scutellum with three weak black bristles. Legs stout,

reddish ; femora blackish at base and at apices; tibie with

black apices, and tarsi black.

Male has more slender legs, the tarsi not so dark. Geni-

talia (impertect) large, black, shining, with white hairs

above and below. Scutellum with two black bristles.

Walker gives the length as 16-24 mm.

Asilus maculipes, 2, Walker.

List Dipt. vii., Suppl. 5, p. 605 [ Zrupanea] (1855).

— Type (female) from Hong Kong, abdomen broken off.

Walker described it as 20 mm. long, and the abdomen

South African and Oriental Asiline. 51

thus :—‘ Abdomen deep black, about twice the length of the

thorax, with pale gilded tomentum on each side of the broad

part, which is about twice the length of the apical style.”

Moustache yellow. Antenne black. Scutellum covered

with long yellow hairs. Legs very similar to those of Neo-

?tamus philus, \W\k., the fore tarsi stout and heavily armed

with black bristles. Wings large, tinged yellowish.

From the description of the female abdomen in this and in

determinatus and introducens they might possibly all belong

to the Weoitamus genus, in the group of VY. phi/us, Wik.

In fact, Asilus maculipes itself may be a specimen of

Neoitamus philus, or, at any rate, a species very nearly allied

to it; but till further material is available, the matter must

be leftinabeyance. Walker placed it in the genus Promachus.

Asilus pulcher, 3, sp. n.

Type (male) from Jhajra, Dehra Dun, 6.12. 1912, in

Forest Research Zool. Coll.

Another imperfect specimen from Hadagalli, Ceylon “in a

jola-field,” in Brit. Mus. Coll.

A handsome species, nearly related to the European and

North-African species Asilus barbarus, L., but distinguished

from it by all the femora being red, the fore femora with

only weak bristly hairs, no strong black bristles, and the

genitalia are bright red, not dark-coloured, and somewhat

shorter.

The abdomen is entirely black. Thorax ochraceous tawny.

Legs red. Wings yellowish, brown at apex and on posterior

border.

Length 21 mm.

Face reddish, covered with yellowish tomentum, the lower

part of the face is raised. loustache of white bristles, con-

sisting of a perfect row of bristles above oral opening and

a few bristles above. Palpi reddish, with yellow hairs.

Beard white. Antenne red, with some white tomentum and

yellow hairs, third joint wanting. Forehead same as face,

with yellow hairs. Zhoraz with yellow pubescence and

indistinct dark brown median stripe, divided in middle ante-

riorly, yellow bristles on posterior half. Seutellum same

colour as thorax, with yellow hairs and two yellow bristles

on border. Abdomen velvety black, with white tomentose

spots on the second, third, and fourth segments at sides ; the

three Jast segments covered with grey pubescence, absent,

however, on the median line of dorsum ; pubescence of

abdomen chiefly black on the first four segments, on the last

52 Miss G. Ricardo on

three chiefly yellow ; underside as above. Genttalia bright

chestnut-colour, small, short, the upper forceps with trun-

cated ends, the lower side with a short apex, the under

forceps large and stout, more than half as long as the upper

pair, both with yellow pubescence. Legs reddish yellow,

with yellow pubescence and yellow bristles. Wings large,

tinged yellow, tle veins yellow ; the grey shading of apex

reaches nearly to the base of the cubital fork; small trans-

verse vein just beyond the discal cell.

In the specimen from Hadagalli the antenne are perfect,

the third joint as long as the first two joints, the arista rather

short.

Asilus paterculus, Walker, did not belong to this genus,

was in a fearfully dirty condition, and fell to pieces, so that

it should be deleted from the list altogether.

Asilus prefiniens, Walker, from K. India, is not to be

found, and should be deleted from the list, as also Asilus

latifascia from Singapore.

The following species described under Asi/us, in sensu lato,

are unknown to me :—

Asilus atripes, F., from India. Schiner could not identify

this species. :

Asilus pusio, Wied, from India and Java.

Asilus laetus, Wied, from E. India.

Asilus bifasciatus, Oliv., trom India. The colouring of

the wings is described as white in the middle, dark else-

where.

Asilus hircus, F., from Sumatra.

Asilus ephippium, nudipes, nigrimystaceus, and trifarius,

Macq., all from India. ‘The first-named is recorded from

Persia by Becker.

Asilus appendiculatus, clavipes, rufibarbis, Macq., ‘and.

barbatus, Dol., all from Java.

Asilus minusculus, Rondani, from Borneo.

Asilus limbipennis, maculifemora, aud misao, Macq., all

from N. China.

Asilus condecorus, Wik., from Gilolo and Ternate. Type

is lost.

The following species of Asilws in sensu lato from S. Africa

are not kuown to me :—

Asilus gabonicus, albitarsata, and scutellatus, Macq., from

W. Africa.

—

South African and Oriental Asilinw. 53

Asilus forficula, nigribarbis, and natalensis, Macq., from

S. Africa,

Asilus dioctreformis, Macq., from Mauritius.

Asilus alaster and schedius, Walker, from 8, Africa, and

Asilus enitens, Wlik., from Arabia, should be deleted from

the list, as the types cannot be found.

Asilus in the narrowest sense is not represented in any of

the collections I have had access to from this region.

Pamponerus, Loew.

Linn. Ent. iv. p. 135 (1849),

A genus distinguished by the milky-white base of wings in

the male and by the strong spines on the sixth abdominal

segment at sides. ‘The females are not so easy to distinguish

from species of Asilus.

With the exception of the well-known European Pampo-

nerus germanicus, the genus so far appears confined to the

Celebes and neighbouring islands.

Pamponerus nigritulus, v. d. Wulp, from the Moluccas, is

unrepresented in the collections I have had access to.

Pamponerus mendax, 3, Walker.

Trans. Ent. Soc. London, n. ser. iv. p. 180 [ Asilus} (1857), et Proce.

Linn. Soc. London, y. p. 260 [Astlus] (1861); v. d. Wulp, Tijd. vy.

Ent. xli. p. 135, pl. iv. figs. 9-10 (1898), et xlii. p. 55 (1899); Ri-

cardo, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) xi. p- 451 (1915).

Pamponerus areolatus, Wik. Proc, Linn. Soc, London, y. p. 260 { Asilus]

(1861).

Type (female) of areolatus, type (male) of mendaxr, both

from Menado, Celebes (Walker Coll.).

A species with wholly dark legs and abdomen, and with

the wings in the male milky white at the base; in the

female, as v. d. Wulp points out, the wing is brownish and

only a little clearer at the base; the long thick pubescence

on the femera and tibiz in the male are only represented in

the female by a few black long bristly hairs.

Length, ¢ 13, 2 16 mm.

Pamponerus areolaris, Walker.

Proc. Linn. Soc. London, v. p. 260 (1861); Ricardo, Ann, & Mag. Nat.

Hist. (8) xi. p. 450 (1015).

Type (male), type (female), and two females from Makessar,

Jelebes.

54 Miss G. Ricardo on

A species with reddish legs, the middle and posterior tarsi

black. The wings as in Pamponerus mendax, but paler in

colouring, in the female tinged brownish yellow and only

clear in patches in the posterior cells and extreme base of

posterior border. Abdomen covered with brownish-yellow

tomentum and with dark median large spots ; the segmenta-

tions lighter; pubescence short, black. Genitalia black,

shining, with black hairs, large and complicated, in appear-

ance rather like the abdomen of an Ast/us species, but the

strong pair of spines on the sides of the sixth segment distin-

guish the male; they are not present in the female, which

has a short black ov¢positor and the last segments covered

with tawny short pubescence. Face golden-yellow as in

Pamponerus mendax, but the moustache is yellow, with some

black hairs above. The antenne reddish yellow, the third

joint darker, with a long arista, and shorter than the first

joint.

Length, g¢ 23, ¢ 21-22 mm.

Pamponerus alligerus, 8, sp. 0.

Type (male) from Sula Islands was marked type with MS.

name of albigerus, which is now adopted for this species,

which is very similar to Pamponerus areolaris, but the

moustache is wholly black and the fore tarsi are also black.

Genitalia larger, with the upper forceps club-like at the end,

whereas in the above-mentioned species it ends in a fine

point, and in this species the black hairs are less numerous

and mueh shorter.

Length 25 mm.

TrRICHONOTUS, Loew.

Ofv. Kongl. Vet.-Akad. Férhandl. xiv. 1857, pp. 862 & 365 (1858).

Trichonotus pegasus, Loew.

L. c. et Dipt. Siidafrik. i. p. 165 (1860).

One male from Narok, Masai Reserve, Brit. EK. Africa

(Luekman).

Loew described his specimen from Kaffraria, and gave the

length as 15 mm.; this male is slightly longer.

A species easily distinguished by its general likeness to

the specimens of Dysmachus, but the wing in the male is

much dilated. Moustache as in Dysmachus, white, bordered

with black hairs. Scutellum with thick white hairs and no

South African and Oriental Asiline, 55

bristles. Legs black ; apparently the yellow colour is more

predominant than in Loew’s specimen, as all the tibiw and

the tarsi are yellowish.

Dysmachus robustus, 8 3 , sp. 0.

Type (male), type (female); and other males and females,

all from Pretoria (Miss J. Brincker).

In Loew’s Division A. IT}.

It differs from Dysmachus erythracanthus, Hermann { Lo-

phonotus|, from the Cape, by the absence of any bristles on

the underside of the abdomen, and from Dysmachus chalco-

gaster, Wied, by the presence of bristles on the dorsum of

abdomen. Hermann places his species under Division A. I1.?*.

A large robust species, measuring, ¢ 25-28, 2? 23-29 mm.

Male. — Face covered with yellowish-white glistening

tomentum ; tubercle on lower part of face. Moustache as in

Dysmachus, thick, reaehing the antenne, composed of long

yellowish-white hairs, also extending round the oral opening.

Beard whiter. Palpi yellowish, white-haired. Antenne

black, the first two joints with numerous long black bristles

on lower sides, one or two white ones intermixed ; third joint

linear more or less, the arista about the same length, the

joint not much longer than the first joint. Morehead same

colour as face, with long black hairs, Hind part of head

with white bristles curved over. Thorax blackish, with grey

tomentum ; a median undivided black stripe, very distinct,

bordered on each side by an olive-green stripe. Mane black,

short on the anterior half, longer behind, with many long

whitish bristles bordering it; all bristles white; the pubes-

cence on dorsum short, black, white hairs posteriorly on

sides. Scutellum covered with long, whitish, bristly hairs, a

few short black hairs intermixed, but no strong bristles on

border, only the white bristly hairs forming a continuous

fringe. Abdomen blackish, covered with white tomentum on

sides and on dorsum, with the large brownish tomentose

spots, on which a distinct, narrow, median, black stripe is

visible; pubescence chiefly yellowish, short, some yellow

bristles at sides ; underneath some weak yellow hairs. Geni-

talia very large, black ; upper forceps massive, two-pronged,

the upper one with some black short hairs, the lower one

with white hairs rather spine-like, both widely separated, the

lower one short and small, palpus-like, with white hairs, the

plate above them black, with white hairs on border. Legs

wholly black, with the exception of the fore and middle

tibia, which are obscurely red at extreme base; pubescence

56 Miss G. Ricardo on

white and fairly thick on legs, the bristles all yellowish ; a

few black ones on fore femora, which have white hairs

below. Wings clear, veins yellowish red, the small trans-

verse vein beyond the middle of the discal cell.

Female identical, the red on the tibize very slight or non

existent. Ovipositor black, with white hairs and yellowish

ones at apices, not much longer than the last segment.

? New Genus near Dysmachus.

A male specimen from Gundumri, Bhandaro, C.P., India,

sent me some years ago by A. D. Imms, has a striking

resemblance to a species of Dysmachus, a genus as yet with

no representative in the Oriental Region. , This specimen

will probably require a new genus, as it has no tubercle on

the face and no widening of the base of the second posterior

cell. Being in a bad condition, with no antennae or legs, it

is useless to describe it further; but it is placed in the Brit.

Mus. Coll. in the hope that other specimens may be forwarded

in the future.

Synoicus, Loew.

Ofvers. Kong]. Vet.-Akad. Férhand. xiv. 1857, pp. 361, 862 (1858).

This genus is distinguished by the dilated wings in the

male and by the bulging of the discal cell into the first

posterior cell.

It is confined as yet to the South African and Oriental

Regions, three species being known from the former and

five from the latter.

Table for Species of Synolcus from the South African Region.

1. Legs chiefly Veblow ,- 5 «iis els «fees orepezesiemicis vine 2.

Legs chiefly lack... 7+ 4,0,+, «/« pln fis ha siisinns

2. Yellowish species. Femora with a short black

Bieipe Liste sce eas hen tebe ace aeel ee -+.. dubius, Macq.

Black and brownish-grey species. femora with

g sang black stripe y.:s1. «016 o's 6 ie «4m Badalona tenuiventris, Loew.

3. Wings with a dark spotat apex. Dark-coloured

BRISCOE WRGEIOS. «vise. 6 ts so 5's 5 Ss Viele eee acrobaptus, Wied.

Synolcus dubius, Macq.

Dipt. Exot., Suppl. i. p. 217, pl. viii. fig. 15 [Aszdus]; Loew, Dipt.

Siid-Afrik. i. p. 149 (1860).

Two females from Umbilo, Natal (EZ. C. Chubb) (1913) ;

one female from Karkloof, Natal (G. A. K. Marshall)

(1897). In Durban Coll. are two females from Umbilo,

South African and Oriental Asiline. 57

Natal (Bevis), and two others from same locality, and one

male from Upper Tongaat, Natal (Barker).

A species chiefly yellow in colour, legs with a short black

stripe on the femora, tarsi with the exception of the meta-

tarsi black. Antenne yellow, the third joint blackish.

Moustache yellow. Thorax with a broad black median stripe

and side ones. Abdomen with black median spots. Wings

clear.

Length of these females 19-22 mm.

Synolcus tenuiventris, Loew.

Dipt. Siid-Afrik. i. p. 147 (1860).

A male from Karkloof, Natal (G. A. K. Marshall) (1897);

another from Upper Tongaat, Natal (C. N. Barker) (1919);

and another from Port Natal.

Two males from Lucia Bay (Bell Marley), in Durban

Museum Coll.

A darker-coloured species than Synolcus dubius. Abdomen .

ashy-grey with dark spots. Wings much dilated.

Length 18-25 mm.

Loew has described this and the following species, Synolcus

acrobapltus, very fully.

Synolcus acrobaptus, Wied.

Ausszweifl. Ins. i. p. 449 [Asilus] (1828); Schiner, Verh. zool.-bot.

Ges, Wien, xvi. p. 685 (1866) ; et xvii. p. 404 (1867).

Synoleus signatus, Loew, Dipt. Sid-Afrik. i. p. 148, pl. ii. figs. 1, 2

(1860).

One male from Cape Town (Péringuey), in the South

African Museum Coll.

A smaller species than Synolcus tenuiventris, and at once

distinguished by the dark spot at apex of wing. A dark-

coloured species with wings much dilated in the male, the

tibie dull testaceous on the anterior and middle pair.

Length, ¢,14 mm.

Asilus incisuralis, Macq., from the Cape, is described by

him as having the wings dilated in the male and legs chiefly

black ; but the wings are declared to be a little brownish,

clear at base and in centre. Is it possible that this isa

species of Synoleus?

Table for Species of Synoleus from the Oriental Region.

1. Wings very suddenly dilated in males .... 2.

Wings only slightly dilated in males, in one

species not at all ..cseessecssecsvaves 3.

58 Miss G. Ricardo on

2. Reddish-yellow species, Legs almost wholly

PAOW oni was v4 UES OAN 8 8 bis be > vanthopus, v. d. Wulp.

Brownish species, Legs with the femora

OR RE ON ss ya's +p 2hn sh spinal eae annulatus, F,

Brownish species. Legs with a long black

atripé’on the femora ©... 665.00 vee ve tah tamenus, W1k.

3. Small pale species. Legs with a black

stripe on anterior and middle femora .... duvaucelii, Macq.

Brownish species. Legs with a short black

atripe on the femora sein asaneccnss ss bengalensis, Macq.

Synolcus xanthopus, Wied.

Zool. Mag. i. p. 3 (1819); Dipt. Exot. p. 186 [Astlus] (1821); et

Ausszweifl. Ins. i. p. 486 [ Asius] (1828), ete.

? Asilus sundaicus, Jaenn. Abhandl. Senckenberg. Naturforsch. Ges. vi.

p. 363 (1867).

Two males from Java (Walker Coll.).

One male from Chantabun, Siam (Vowhot) ; and a series

of males and females from different localities in Siam

(Robinson and Annandale), 1901.

Male and female from Port Dixon, Malay Peninsula

(G. Meade Waldo), 1908.

Male from Kuala Lumpur, Selangor (Dr. H. E. Durham),

1902.

Male from Sungei Penok, Korinchi Valley.

Two females from Pasir Ganting and Korinchi, Sumatra.

A bright yellowish species with wholly yellow legs, only

the apices of the hind femora dark. Abdomen with dark

spots either in three rows or merged into one large one, in

some specimens the abdomen is altogether darker, as observed

by v. d. Wulp (Tijd. v. Ent. xli. p. 142, 1898) in two males

from Java, the thorax being also darker.

Genitalia appear similar to those of S. annulatus, but the

tuft of hairs below is not so noticeable.

Wings much dilated in males.

Length, g 2, 19-25 mm.

Synolcus annulatus, Pabr.

Syst. Ent. 794 [ Asilus] (1775), ete.

Asilus flavicornis, Macq. Dipt. Exot. i. (2) p. 258 (1838),

Asilus barium, Wk. List Dipt. ii. p. 426 (1849).

Type of Asilus barium, a male from Ceylon ( Wenham).

Three females from Dehra Dun, India Forest Research

Zool. Coll., and a series of males and females from different

parts of Ceylon (Yerbury, Green), in Brit. Mus, Coll.

In I. E. E. Coll. a male from Cooro Sidapur, Rockhill

(T. V. R. Coll.), and a female from Coorg Sanivarsandi,

Hansey Estate (T. V. R. Coll.), S. India.

South African and Oriental Asilinze. 59

A species distinguished by the darker colour of thorax and

abdomen from Synolcus xanthopus, v. A. Wulp. Antenne

usually yellow. Legs yellow with usually black apices on

all the femora ; this will serve to distinguish the species from

the dark varieties of v. d. Wulp’s species mentioned by him.

Wings much dilated in males. Genitalia long, the upper

forceps simple, the under pair smaller, a long tuft of

brownish or yellowish hairs situated between and above

them ; pubescence yellow and black.

The male from Rockhill has the legs almost entirely

yellow, only the extreme apices of the middle and posterior

femora are black.

Length, g 18-21, 2 20-23 mm. The Walker type

measures 2] mm.

Synolcus iamenus, Walker.

List Dipt. ii. p. 428 (1849), et vii., Suppl. 3, p. 728 (1855).

Type (male) fron India and another (Mrs. I[amilton).

Males and females from Dehra Dun in Forest Research

Zool. Coll.

A male from Guindy, Madras, and a female from Kota-

giri, S. India, 6000 ft., both in Crag gg Coll.

Two males from Cooro Mercara, 4500 ft. (T. V. RB. Coll.),

in I. E. E. Coll.

A species distinguished by black stripes on all the femora,

otherwise the legs are yellow. General colouring the same

as in Synolcus annulatus, F. Abdomen with large brown

spots and grey segmentations. Genitalia with long white

hairs above and below, and some black hairs intermixed.

Wings in male much dilated.

Length, ¢ 15-25, 2? 21 mm.

The series of specimens from Dehra Dun were caught

‘on grass.”

Abdomen in well-preserved specimens has three lines of

dark oblong spots forming stripes, but not united, lying on

obscure large spots.

Synolcus duvaucelii, Macq.

Dipt. Exot. i. (2) p. 257, pl. xii. fig. 1 (1838) [ Asius),

Two males from India.

A smaller paler species than Synoleus iamenus, W1k.,

distinguished by the much slighter dilation of wing in the

male. Aldomen ashy-grey with three series of small dark

spots. Legs as described by Macquart, with the exception

of the anterior and middle femora, which have the black

60 Miss G. Ricardo on

stripe running almost the whole length of femur, not only

black at the apex. Genitalia with large black upper forceps,

covered with long white hairs above and below, the under

forceps small, the yellow organs long. The figure by

Macquart appears to be that of a female, and the bend of

diseal cell into the first posterior cell is not shown in the

figure of the wings, which are only slightly dilated in these

specimens and are quite clear.

Length 18 mm., Macquart gives 16 mm.

In spite of the figure of wing, I believe this species

belongs to this genus.

Synolcus bengalensis, Macq.

Dipt. Exot. i. (2) p. 257, pl. xii. fig. 2 (Aszlus} (1838); v. d. Wulp,

Tijd. v. Ent. xli. p. 142 (1898), et xlii. p. 65 (1899).

One female from Coimbatore (T. V. R. Coll.), S. India,

in I. E. E. Coll.

One specimen from Bangalore, same collection.

These appear to belong to the above species, which is dis-

tinguished from Synoleus iamenus, Wlk., by the short black

stripe on the femora confined to the apical third, and

according to v. d. Wulp by the non-dilation of the wings in

male.

Length circa 22 mm. of above female.

V.d. Wulp removed it to this genus.

Heligmoneura congedus, 3 2, Walker.

Ins. Saund., Dipt. p. 188 (1851); et List Dipt. vii., Suppl. 3, p. 726

(1855).

Type (male), type (female), from India (Walker Coll.).

Both these specimens are in bad condition; they appear to

be species of this genus, the wings are quiteclear. Antenne

black. Moustache white. Legs yellow with the apices of

the femora and tarsi dark.

Length 14 mm., but the abdomen is imperfect.

Heligmoneura gnava, ? ,v. d. Wulp.

Tijd. v. Ent. (2) vii. (xv.) p. 242 [Mochtherus} (1872); Ricardo, Ann.

& Mag. Nat. Hist. (9) iii. p. 73 (1919).

A male from Takala, Kumaon; and males and females

from Dehra Dun, ‘on grass.”

The males evidently are the males of this species. The

legs are entirely yellow, the knees with two dark spots.

Genitalia reddish yellow ; the upper forceps large, bifid, the

under pair small, both with short black pubescence.

—

~F,T ~~

_ rv.

South African and Oriental Asiline. 61

Heligmoneura lrisignata, g 2, sp. n.

Type (male), type (female), and paratypes (two males,

one female), all from Veddhchalam, 8S. Arcot District (P. G.

Coll.), one paratype (male) from Adoni, Bellary District

(Y. R. Coll.), in 1. E. B. Coll.

A species nearly allied to Heligmoneura indianus, Ricardo,

from Katajiri, S. India, but distinguished by the genitalia

in the male and by the strong, long, black bristles on the

fore tibize, whereas in the above species there are only weak

yellowish bristles. Abdomen with a distinct series of three

brown spots, median and side ones, with stout yellow bristles

at the sides. Genitalia reddish brown; the upper forceps

large, club-shaped, with black pubescence ; the lower pair

reddish yellow, with long slender apices. Ovipositor about

as long as the last two segments ; the last segment in the

male is raised on its underside. The bristles on the fore

femora below are black. Wings with the transverse vein

below the middle of the discal cell.

Length, ¢ 13-15, 2 15 mm.

Totmexus, Loew.

Linn. Ent, iv. p. 94 (1849).

The only species recorded from the Oriental Region are

Tolmerus nicobarensis, Schiner (see remarks on this species

under my new species Tolmerus parvus), and Tolmerus

batavensis, de Meijere, Tijd. Ent. lvi. p. 61 (1914), not

represented in the Brit. Mus. Coll., described as 10 mm.

in length. Leys black, reddish-yellow haired below the

tibiz and tarsi; the bristles chiefly black, with long weak

white bristles on the underside of femora and on the fore

tibie. Moustache black, yellow below. Scutellum with four

black bristles. Abdomen black, with pale segmentations.

Also Tolmerus agilis, Wied, a male described from Java

with a white moustache, not represeuted in the Brit. Mus.

Coll.

From the South African Region only, Zolmerus pammelus,

Speiser, Schwed. Zool. Exped. p. 101 (1910), from E, Africa,

has been described.

Tolmerus pammelus, 3 3 , Speiser.

Schwed. Zool. Exped. p. 101 (1910).

One female from Mara River, Masai Reserve, Brit. E.

Africa, 10.11.14 (Capt. A. C. Luckman).

A species distinguished by its wholly black legs. Moustache

62 Miss G. Ricardo on

and anfenne black. Bristles on legs entirely black, with the

exception of a few yellow hairs on the underside of hind

femora,

Length, 2, 17 mm.

Tolmerus nigripes, 8 2, sp. 0.

Type (male), type (female), and a. series of males and

females from Mt. Mlanje, Nyasaland (S. A. Neave and

J. B. Davey).

A small black species, distinguished from Tolmerus pam-

melus, Speiser, by the absence of any close-lying yellow

pubescence on the legs, and the bristles on the legs are

chiefly white.

Length, g 12-13, 2 11-13 mm.

Male.—Face covered with glistening yellow tomentum.

Moustache composed of yellow bristles below and black ones

above and at sides, placed on the large round tubercle.

Space between moustache and antennz devoid of any hairs,

Antenne black, the first joint with black bristly hairs, the

second joint small, the third longer than the first two

together, aud the arista about half its length. Forehead

with a few black hairs. Thorax covered with greyish-

yellow tomentum, and with a very distinct black median

stripe, cleft anteriorly, sides with two black spots ; pubes-

cence on dorsum consists of black hairs and black bristles,

which latter reach the median suture, a row on each side.

Seutellum same colour as thorax, with yellow hairs and two

black bristles. Abdomen appearing the same colour as

thorax at the first appearance, the brown spots on each seg-

ment not very dark, the segmentations paler ; pubescence

on dorsum black, at sides yellow. Genitalia small, black,

the upper forceps stout, conical, the lower pair very short,

all with some black hairs and black or yellow bristles below

and at apices of upper forceps. Legs wholly black ; the cox

with greyish tomentum, the bristles yellow, rather long, a

few black ones on the tarsi; some short pale yellow hairs

on the underside of femora and sides of tibia, but not

appressed ; the hind tibize are reddish at their extreme base ;

the yellow bristles are longest on the fore tibie. Wings

clear, veins dark brown, the small transverse vein about the

middle of the discal cell, the posterior branch of the third

vein with a slight bend in the middle.

Female identical. Ovipositor black, as long as the last

two segmeuts,

South African and Oriental Asiline. 63

Tolmerus rubripes 2, sp. n.

pes,

Type (male), type (female), and a series of males and

females from Mlanje, Nyasaland (S. A. Neave), 1913.

A small species distinguished from Volmerus pammelus,

Speiser, and Tolmerus nigripes, sp. n., by the red colour of

the tibize at base and the curve in the posterior branch

of the third vein is more pronounced.

Length, ¢ 13-14 mm., 2 13-14 mm.

Male similar to Tolmerus nigripes, sp. 0., except in the

following particulars :—

Thorax with a third black at sides anteriorly. Seutellum

with fewer or no yellow hairs. Addomen with brighter-

coloured segmentations, and the yellow bristles at sides are

very noticeable. Genifalia rather smaller ; the upper forceps

slighter, and the lower ones a trifle longer, no black bristles

are present; pubescence short, yellow. Legs black ; the

tibiz dull red on basal third ; the tarsi reddish yellow at

base of joints, the red colour is more extended on the hind

tibize ; pubescence and bristles yellow as in Tolmerus nigripes.

Wings clear, but with pale grey shading at apex and on hind

border.

female identical. Ovipositor shorter.

Tolmerus hirsutus, g 3, sp. u.

Male (type) from Mara River, Masai Reserve, Brit. E.

Africa (Capt. A. C. Luckman); female (type) from same

locality.

A species distinguished by the short pale pubescence on

the black legs ; the tibiz being reddish yellow at their base,

extending on the outer side nearly to the apices of the

middle and hind pair, the bristles are chiefly white on the

fore legs, and black and white on the others; the fore

femora with long white hairs and a few weak bristles.

Length, ¢ 12, ? 13 mm.

Male—Face with moustache black above, a few white

hairs below. Thorax with three black side-spots. Scutellum

denuded. Abdomen has a faint longitudinal stripe down the

middle, composed of small brown spots superimposed on

the large faintly brown ones. Genitalia black ; the upper

forceps stout, notched at their apices with dull yellow

pubescence and small black bristles on the lower edge of

the under pair. Wings greyish, the curve in the lower

branch of the third vein not pronounced.

Female ideutical. Moustache chietly black. Ovipositor

black, not quite so long as the last two segments.

64 Miss G. Ricardo on

Tolmerus angularis, 8 2, sp. 0.

Type (male), type (female), from Mussoorie, India, Oct.

1907 (Imms Coll.), and two other females from same locality

and collection.

A species distinguished by the very sharp curve in the

posterior branch of the third vein of wing; a black species

with reddish-yellow pubescence on the abdomen and the

legs. Moustache in the male black with reddish-yellow

bristles intermixed below, in the female chiefly black.

Abdomen with distinct grey tomentose segmentations.

Length, g¢ 15, ? 15-16 mm.

Male.—Face bronze-green, covered with yellowish tomen-

tum, the tubercle large, no hairs beyond the moustache

towards the antenne. Palpi black-haired. Moustache

reddish yellow. Antenne black, the first two joints with

black bristly hairs. Forehead with many long, black, rather

bristly hairs. Thorax bronze-green, with a row of black

hairs down the centre and on posterior half, elsewhere the

pubescence is short, black, the ashy-grey tomentum forms

two indistinct stripes and is present on the sides. Seutellum

with fine, rather long, black hairs, a few reddish-yellow ones

intermixed, no bristles on posterior border. Abdomen

blackish, with short black pubescence, and with long reddish-

yellow hairs on sides and below, and the same-coloured

bristles at the segmentations on sides. Genitalia small,

covered with black hairs above and reddish-yellow ones

below. Legs black; the fore femora and fore tibiz with

long thick yellow hairs below, the other femora with the

same, not so thick; the tibie all with long yellow bristles

intermixed with black ones; the hind femora armed with

many short yellow bristles below; all tarsi with black

bristles only. Wings clear with grey shading, leaving the

centre clear, the small transverse vein situated beyond the

middle of the discal cell.

Female identical, with fewer, though longer, yellow

bristles on the underside of the hind femora. Scutellum

with only black hairs. Ovipositor compressed, black, shining,

short, about as long as the last two segmeuts.

Tolmerus parvus, 3 3, sp. n.

Type (male) from Nuwara Eliya, Ceylon (Yerbury Coll.),

type (female) from Nuwara Eliya, Ceylon (£. E., Green),

and a series of males and females from the same and other

localities in Ceylon.

A small blackish species, the abdomen appearing dusky

South African and Oriental Asiline. 65

golden yellow in well-preserved specimens by reason of the

coloured tomentum and hairs. Legs, moustache, and antennz

black.

Length, ¢ 124-14, 2 13-14 mm.

Male.—Face blackish with yellowish tomentum, tubercle

large. Moustache composed of fine black hairs and a few

white ones sometimes below, these hairs reaching nearly to

the antennz, Palpi black-haired. Beard white. Antenne

black, the first two joints with black hairs, the third as long

as the two joints together ; the arista stout, as long as the

third joint. Furehead with a few weak black hairs. Hind

part of head with stout black bristles. Thorax in type

denuded, in the others brownish with a darker divided median

stripe and with side-stripes ; pubescence black with longer

black hairs and bristles posteriorly and on the median stripe.

Scutellum with short black hairs and three or four black

bristles on the border. Abdomen blackish covered with

yellow tomentum and the segmentations are yellowish; pubes-

cence black, with yellow bristles on the segmentatious

towards the sides; underside with soft yellow hairs. Geni-

falia small, pointed, black, the upper forceps loug, simple,

club-shaped, under pair in proportion large, but still shorter

than the upper pair, both are black, shining, with black

hairs. Legs black, with some yellow hairs intermixed with

black hairs on the underside of the femora, and some short

yellow pubescence on the uppersides ; tibiz and tarsi with

black hairs and bristles, the hind tibiz and tarsi with some

appressed pale yellowish pubescence. Wings clear, grey on

the apices and fore and post borders, leaving only centre of

wing clear, the posterior branch of the third vein with rather

a sharp bend in the middle, the small transverse vein is just

beyond the middle of the discal cell.

Female identical, the hairs of the forehead are more

numerous aud stronger. Ovipositor short, black, not so long

as the last two joints together.

The species is probably near 7olmerus nicobarensis, Schiner,

whose description is rather insufficient ; this species is larger

and the bristles on the abdomen are yellow.

Machimus pallipes, 8 2, sp. 0.

Type (male) from Dharmoti, Kumaon, type (female) from

Bhowali, Kumaon, and two other females from Bhowali

and Dharmoti. All in Forest Research Zool. Coll. (4. D.

Imms).

A species with a reddish-yellow-looking abdomen ; femora

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. x. 5

66 Miss G. Ricardo on

black, legs otherwise deep reddish. Moustache black and

yellow. Wings large, clear, yellowish on fore border in the

females.

Length, ¢ 17, 2 18-24mm. The male type is distorted

somewhat, appearing immature.

Male.—Face brouze-brown, covered with glistening yellow

tomentum ; tubercle large, carrying the moustache composed

of yellow bristles and black ones above. Beard of soft

yellow hairs. Palpiyellow-haired. Face bare of pubescence

above tubercle. Antenne reddish (the third joint is wanting)

with bristly black hairs below. Forehead same colour as

face with bristly black hairs. Hind part of head with yellow

and black bristles. Thorax bronze-coloured with yellowish

tomentum, stripes are visible ; pubescence black and black

bristles on posterior part. Scufellum covered with glistening

vellow tomentum, and with weak yellow hairs, five stout

black bristles on edge, and traces of yellow weaker ones.

Abdomen brownish covered with bright yellow tomentum,

which is brighter onthesegmentations ; pubescence yellowish,

long yellow bristles on the segmentations ; underside with

soft yellow hairs. Genitalia black, the upper forceps large,

club-shaped, the lower pair about half as long, the last

segment produced, with thick orange-yellow hairs covering

its apical border and reaching beyond the lower forceps ;

pubescence elsewhere is yellowish. Legs long and fairly

stout ; femora brownish with soft yellow hairs below, the fore

pair unarmed, uppersides of femora with short yellow pubes-

cence, a few black hairs are visible on the uppersides of the

fore femora; tibiz and tarsi dull yellowish with yellow pubes-

cence and long yellow hairs on the tibiz, all bristles black ;

underside of first joint of fore tarsi armed with many short

black bristles. Wings grey, only clear in the centre, the

small transverse vein beyond the middle of the discal cell.

Female differs in the colouring of the legs somewhat, but

the male is probably not fully developed. Femora entirely

black, a few black hairs are intermixed with the yellow ones

below on the fore femora, which have also stout black bristles

on their outer sides, not present in the male, the two black

bristles below at apex are much stoutcr ; tibize and tarsi

brighter red. Antenne chiefly black (third joint wanting). |

Palpi black-haired. Thorax darker with grey tomentum.

Scutellum with six black bristles on edge. Abdomen brownish,

covered with the same yellow tomentum, pubescence short,

chiefly black, segmentations with yellow bristles as in male,

the ground-colour is more apparent on the basal segments.

Ovipositor black, short. Wings with yellow veins.

aaah hie “—

South African and Oriental Asiline. 67

Machimus pubescens, 3 2, sp. n.

Type (male) from Gyangtse, 13,000 feet, Tibet (Tibet

Expedition, 4/. J. Walton, 1905).

Type (female) and other males from the same locality,

one from Gautok, Sikkim.

A species probably unique in this genus, with thick orange-

yellow hairs covering the abdomen, the same-coloured hairs

on posterior part of thorax and on scutellum. Legs black,

with reddish-yellow bristles.

Length, ¢ 18, 2? 16 mm.

Male.—Face shining black with some grey tomentum at

sides; tubercle large, carrying the moustache composed of

long soft black and yellow hairs. Beard yellowish white,

very thick. Antenne blackish, the first two joints with

black hairs, thickest on the first one, third long. Forehead

covered with grey tomentum, and with long black hairs at

sides and on ocelligerous tubercle. Hind part of head with

black hairs only slightly bent over. Thorax blackish with

two or three yellowish tomentose stripes ; pubescence short,

black, but a median line of hairs are longer, almost Dys-

machus-like; on the posterior part of thorax the long bristles

are chiefly yellow with unusually many yellow hairs as long

as those on the scutellum; in all the other male specimens

these hairs are black, and most of the bristles yellow ; sides

covered with grey tomentum and with whitish hairs and some

strong yellow bristles. Scutellum covered with a thick tuft

of yellow hairs on its. posterior border, bending inwards; a

few black hairs or weak bristles are visible on its inner side.

Abdomen black, shining, but,with the exception of the dorsum

of the first segment, it is entirely covered with long yellow

hairs like those on the seutellum ; they are more orange in

colour above, becoming paler at sides and on the underside.

Genitalia short, black, shining, with yellow pubescence; the

upper forceps stout, ending in a point curved downwards ;

the lower pair shorter but stout ; between them appear three

reddish and black long processes, the distinctive characteristic

of the genus; the shape of the underside of last segment is

not very pronounced, as it is only very slightly produced in

the middle, but is raised with a fringe of dense white hairs,

Legs stout, black, with a trace of reddish knees; the under-

side of fore femora with thick soft black hairs, the middle

pair the same, the hind pair with white hairs and with stout

reddish-yellow bristles ; uppersides of femora with whitish

hairs ; tibize with whitish hairs, long and black on the under-

side of the fore pair ; tarsi with chiefly black hairs, all the

68 Miss G. Ricardo on

bristles on the legs stout, reddish-yellow, an numerous,

except on the tarsi. Wings clear, grey at apex and in the

middle of the cells, veins brown, small transverse vein beyond

the middle of the discal cell, the posterior branch of cubital

vein with a slight bend inwards.

Female ideutical. Thorax with hairs on posterior part

chiefly yellow. Adédomen with the orange-yellow hairs not

quite so thick on the apical segments. Ovipositor small,

black, similar to those of the typical species of the genus.

Legs with chiefly black bristles on the tarsi, whereas in the

male the yellow are nearly as many as the black. Wings

with some of the transverse veins clouded as in the male.

This species somewhat resembles Machimus pallipes, sp. 0.,

but the genitalia are different and its greater pubescence

distinguishes it from this and any other species of Machimus ;

the abdomen is also devoid of bristles. It might possibly

require to be placed in a new genus,

Machimus exce/sus, 3 2, sp. 0.

Type (male), type (female), from Gyangtse, 13,000 feet

(Tibet Expedition), 1904, and another male and female.

Also a female from Gantok, Sikkim (‘Tibet Expedition),

1904.

A species allied to Machimus hirtipes and khasiensis,

Ricardo, and in many respects related to Machimus pubescens,

sp. n., but very much less hairy. A blackish species with

black legs ; tibize and tarsi partly deep red. Moustache black

and yellow.

Length, @ 18-19, 9 18-21 mm.

Male.—Face blackish, covered with greyish tomentum ;

tubercle large bearing moustache composed of black weak

bristle-like hairs above, at sides and on oral opening enclos-

ing soft yellow hairs, Palpi with black hairs. Beard yellowish

white. Antenne black, with black bristly hairs on the first

joint and a few on the second, third long. Forehead with

black long hairs. Hind part of head with black bristles.

Thorax black with black pubescence and bristles, disposed as

in Machimus pubescens. Scutellum covered with stout black

long bristles on the dorsum and on border with fringe of

yellow bristles. Abdomen black with yellow hairs, thickest

at sides; dorsum with short black and yellow pubescence ;

the basal segments black, shining, with less pubescence.

Genitalia the same as those of Machimus pubescens, uot quite

so hairy, the ventral process below a little more apparent.

Legs black, the fore and middle tibiz almost wholly reddish,

“al

South African and Oriental Asiline. 69

the hind pair with a black stripe ; tarsi obscurely reddish,

the first wholly so; fore femora with soft black hairs below,

middle pair with only a few black hairs and with black

bristles, the hind pair with short white hairs and a row of

strong black bristles; fore femora with black hairs on

dorsum ; pubescence elsewhere on legs short, white, but fore

tibiz with chiefly long black hairs; tarsi with short black

hairs, all bristles black. Wings clear, grey at apex and in

centre of cells; bend on posterior branch of cubital vein

very slight.

Female identical. Moustache almost wholly yellow. Fore-

head also with a few white hairs intermixed with the black

ones. Thorax with white hairs on the posterior part and at

its sides, with the black hairs and bristles. Scutel/um with

the yellow bristles on border more like soft yellow hairs.

Abdomen, less denuded than in male, shows grey tomentum

at sides. Ovipositur short, black. Legs have the hind tibiz

wholly red, except at extreme apices,

Machimus rufipes, 3 2, sp. n.

Type (male) from Dehra Dun on wing in Forest Research

Zool, Coll.

Type (female) from Kangra Valley, Punjab (Dudgeon

Coll.), in Brit. Mus. Coll.; and another male from Takula,

Kumaon, in India Forest Research Zool. Coll.

A large robust species with reddish tibie and _ tarsi.

Scutellum with four to six large stout black bristles on its

outer border ; fore femora with no bristles below.

Length, ¢ 20-24, 2 25 mm.

Male.—Face blackish covered with pale yellow tomentum,

tubercle large. A/oustache composed of yellow bristles with

some black ones near the oral opening. Palpi black-haired.

In the space between moustache and base of antennz only

two or three white hairs above moustache. Antenne blackish,

with black bristly hairs, third joint wanting. Forehead with

white bristly hairs. Hind part of head with very stout black

bristles. Thorax blackish covered with grey tomentum, the

usual stripes distinct ; pubescence on dorsum black, with a

few white hairs, on the posterior part besides the usual black

bristles are numerous white hairs intermixed. Scutel/um

same colour as thorax; dorsum covered with white hairs,

armed with six bristles in the type, but only four in the

other male. Abdomen blackish with grey tomentum and

the usual dark spots, segmentations slaty grey ; pubescence

on dorsum black on the dark spots, white on the segmenta-

70 Miss G. Ricardo on

tions and at sides, with white bristles at sides ; underside

with weak white hairs. Genitalia large, the last segment on

its underside produced, with two obtuse teeth on its truncated

end, from each of which proceed long white hairs ; upper

forceps large, black, with white hairs, the lower pair small,

black, the middle processes reddish. Legs with black shining

femora, clothed with whitish pubescence and long white hairs

on underside of fore femora; tibiz reddish with apices

darker, also clothed with yellowish-white pubescence and

tarsi the same, all bristles black; the fore tibize with some

longer whitish hairs below. Wings with dark shading in the

centre of cells.

Female ideutical. Ovipositor short, black, a little longer

than the iast segment.

Crnapus, v. d. Wulp.

Tijd. v. Ent. xli. p. 139 (1898).

This genus was founded for two species from Sumatra and

Java, and from Celebes, characterised by the very abrupt

bend in the posterior branch of the third vein, the nakedness

of the abdomen, and the small facial tubercle. Genitaliain

males very large. The material in the Brit. Mus. Coll. is

very scanty, but one new species has been added by Edwards

and two by de Meijere, and five Walker species are now

transferred to this genus, which is confined as yet to the

Oriental and Australasian regions. ‘The facial tubercle

shows a certain amount of diversity in shape and size. The

species seem very nearly allied to each other. De Meijere’s

species, Cinadus rufipes, seems probably identical with

Walker’s Cinadus levis. ‘The other species, Cinadus forei-

patus, from Sumatra, is described as near C. spretus, but

differs in the shape of the genitalia.

Cinadus spretus, v. d. Wulp, from Sumatra and Java, is

smaller: antennee darker ; the apices of fore femora black.

Cinadus tenuicornis, 3 2, Walker.

Proc. Linn. Soe. London, iv. p. 108 [ Aszlus} (1860).

? Cinadus spurius, y. d. Walp, Tijd. v. Ent. xli. p. 140, pl. v. figs, 1-4

(1883), et alii. p. 48 (1899).

Type (female) from Makessar. Two males from Eastern

Archipelago, according to the card-label only.

These specimens appear identical with v. d. Wulp’s species,

also from Celebes. The males are similar to the figures

given by v. d. Wulp, the genitalia being large, black.

Antenne yellow. Moustache yellow with some black bristles,

South African and Oriental Asilinse. 71

but in the female wholly yellow. ace with a distinct

tubercle on lower part of face. Abdomen black with yellow

segmentations. Legs yellow with the apices of the middle

and hind femora black, the latter with black rings, which in

these specimens unite with the black apices; hind tibize

black on the outer side ; tarsi black.

Length, ¢ 21, 9 18 mm.; v. d. Wulp gives 17 mm.

A female from Dehra Dun, in Forest Research Zool. Coll.,

has lately been sent to me which seems identical with

Walker’s type ; the hind tibise are rather paler in colour

and the moustache is black and white as in the male.

It will be of interest to observe in the future whether this

species is common in India, and how wide its distribution is.

A species from Ceylon in the Brit. Mus. Coll. also appears

to belong to this genus.

Cinadus debilis, 2? , Walker.

Proc. Linn. Soc. London, i. p. 13 (1856) [Asilus).

Type (female) from Malacca.

A species very near C. tenuicornis, Walker, but the legs are

darker, the black colour on the hind femora extending

below on the whole length and the hind tibize are black except

at the base. Moustache chiefly black. Face with a smaller

tubercle. Abdumen darker. The angle on the branch of

third vein is very pronounced.

Length 17 mm.

Cinadus levis, ? , Walker.

Proc. Linn. Svc. London, v. p. 236 [-Astlus| (1861).

? Cinadus rufipes, 3, de Meijere, Nova Guinea, ix. p. 338 (1913).

Type (female) from New Guinea.

A species nearly allied to Cinadus tenuicornis, W\k., but

the legs are wholly yellowish and the moustache is yellow.

Face concave in the middle with hardly any tubercle below.

Length 18 mm.

The male described by de Meijere from Bivak Island is

very probably the male of this species. Genitalia are

described as black, large, with black hairs, and 15 mm. in

length.

Cinadus didymoides, 2? , Walker.

Proc. Linn. Soc. London, vii. p. 208 (1864) [Asilus).

Type (female) from Menado, Celebes.

A species very near Cinadus levis, Wik., but the face is

72 On South-African and Oriental Asiline.

very similar to that of Cinadus tenuicornis, Wik. ; the

moustache has some black bristles intermixed with the yellow.

Length 18 mm.

Cinadus flagrans, ° , Walker.

Proc, Linn. Soc. London, i. p. 116 [ Asilus] (1857).

Type (female) from Borneo (Walker Coll.).

A species nearly allied to Cinadus tenuicornis, Wlk., the

colouring of the legs and the moustache identical. Facial

tubercle the same, but the abdomen has the first segment

transparent yellow at base, and hardly perceptible lighter

segmentations.

Length 10 mm.

Cinadus genitalis, Edwards.

Journ, Fed. Malay States Museums, viii. (iii.) p, 84 (1919).

A species (male only) with the abdomen black, the

segmentations greyish. Genitalia very large, complicated.

Legs yellow with the hind femora almost wholly black.

Moustache yellow.

Length 19 mm.

From West Sumatra.

Cinadus complens, Walker.

Proc. Linn. Soc. London, v. p. 281 (1861) [ Aszlus}.

Type(female) from Batjan, and another female from Gilolo.

Male from Menado, labelled discutiens, which is only a

MS. name.

A wholly black species, Face in male light yellow, with

a large tubercle taking up most of the face. Moustache

black in male, black and white in female. Abdomen dark

with narrow grey segmentations,

Length 10 mm.

Cinadus biligatus, Walker.

Proc. Linn. Soc. London, vii. p. 224 (1864) [A szlus],

Type (male) from Waigiou and a female from New

Guinea.

This species has not the sudden bend in the posterior

branch of the third vein, the chief characteristic of the

genus, and the genitalia of the male are small, not large and

complicated as in the other species of this genus ; but as it

so nearly resembles Cinadus levis, W\k., which possesses the

MRA vase

On Coleoptera from the Seychelles Islands, ce. 73

bend in the wing, I leave it here for the present. Antenne

are black on the first joint, the second joint is reddish, and

the third is wanting; the bend in the vein of wing is

represented by a small concave bend.

Face with small tubercle on lower third of face,

Length, gd 20, 2? 18 mm,

The following genera recorded from the South African

Region are not represented in the Brit. Mus, Coll, :—

Rhadiurgus with one species from Abyssinia (nolatus,

Bigot) ; raz with one species from Africa (a/biceps, Macq.) ;

and Teretromyia with one species from Madagascar (colhur-

nata, Bigot). Protophanes with two species.

The following genera recorded from the Oriental Region

not represented in the Brit. Mus. Coll. are:—Hraz with one

species from Bengal (rufiventris, Macq., and integer, Macq.,

from Manila); “Lraz curiatis, Wik., from Nepaul, is not to

be found and should be deleted from the list. <Antipalus

kochi, de Meijere, from New Guinea, and Antipalus wiencekit,

v. d. Wulp, from Timor and Java; Lecoptopus impiger,

v. d. Wulp, from Celebes; Rhadiurgus bifidus, F., trom

Tranquebar ; Threnia acanthura and microtelus, v. d. Wulp,

from Java, and Stenoprosopis diardii, Macq., trom Bengal ;

Philonicus longulus, from Celebes, and nigrosefosus, v.d.Wulp,

from Sumatra, and Lecania tabescens, Roudaii, from Borneo,

1V.—Coleoptera, Erotylide and Endomychide, from the

Seychelles, Chugos, and Amirantes Islands, By GitBext

J. Arrow.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

{Plate IIT. }

[THis work forms part of the results of the Perey Sladen ~

‘Yrust Expedition to the Indian Ocean under Professor

J. Stanley Gardiner, F.R.S., in 1905 and 1908-9. Most of

these results have appeared in a special series of volumes,

Trans, Linn. Soc. Lond., ser. 2 (Zool.), vols. xii—xviii., the

jJast of which is at present (1922) in course of publication.

It has not, however, been possible to include all the reports

in that series, and J] am indebted to the Editors of the ‘ Annals

74 Mr. G. J. Arrow on Coleoptera from

and Magazine of Natural History’ for allowing this paper,

as well as several previous papers, to appear in their periodical.

The greater part of the material under review, especially of

Indomychid, was collected by the writer in the endemic

forests of the mountains of the Seychelles during the second

expedition (1908-9), and this part includes two genera

(one of them new) and several species which are probably

endemic; but the collection also contains several wide-

ranging species which were taken not only in the Seychelles

but also in some of the coral islands of the Chagos, Amirantes,

aud Farquhar Groups, by the members of tle earlier (H.M.S.

‘Sealark ’) Expedition of 1905. The drawings for the figures

have been made by Miss O. F. Tassart. Two of the Endo-

mychidie were first discovered in the Seychelles by Professor

A. Brauer, and were reported on by Kolbe in 1910: references

to his work are given below.—Hvuen Scort. |

Erotylide.

Of the four representatives of this family, three are wide-

ranging species previously known from other regions and

the fourth (congeneric with two of the latter) is known from

one specimen only. All are of a highly specialised type and

must be considered to be of relatively recent introduction.

Genus Evuxestus, Wollaston.

The species of this genus show a marked preference for the

islands of the globe, upon which they are commonly found

in great abundance, whereas from continental localities I]

have seen only a few solitary specimens. The late M. Fauvel

recorded examples introduced into France in a cargo of

ground-nuts. Owing to the peculiarity of their distribution,

the nomenclature of the spevies is in an extremely tangled

state. Fauvel proposed a new family for the genus, calling

the insects Pleosomide, on the unfortunate assumption of

their generic identity with a very different insect, Pleosoma.

Although he afterwards corrected this mistake (Rev. Ent.

1895, p. 105), he continued to use the name Pleosomide in

his later paper of 1903. Pleosoma is so fundamentally

different, in the organs of the mouth and other features, that

it is impossible to associate Euwxes/us with it in any way.

In my opinion this genus is best regarded as an aberrant

member of the Erotylidze, distinguished chiefly by the solid

club of the antenna.

The recent Catalogue of the Erotylidz includes (under the

name 7ritomidea) a part only of the known species of Huxestus,

the Seychelles Islands, &e. 75

confused with other and unrelated insects, and it is perhaps

permissible to include here a list, with what I believe to be

the correct synonymy :—

wneipennis, Fauy., 1903.

bivulneratus, Lea.

globosus, sp. n.

parki, Woll., 1858,

—ertthacus, Chevr.

basalis, Mots.

oblongus, Mots.

peregrinus, Belon,

minor, Sharp.

piciceps, Gorh.

phalacroides, Woll., 1877.

angustus, Arrow.

punctatus, Lec. (Hypodacne), 1875.

rubripes, Reitter (Tritomidea), 1879.

tasmanie, Lea (‘Tritomidea), 1910.

translucidus, Mots. (Tritomidea), 1859.

In the New Zealand species, 2. rubripes, Reitt., a compara-

tively primitive stageis found, the full number of eleven

joints being distinctly visible in the antenna. . tasmanie,

Lea, appears, from the description, to be similar. In the

other species the last joint is more or less completely

telescoped into the enlarged preceding one, the ninth is only

a little enlarged, and the two or three following the elongate

third joint are partially fused with it. A feature of all the

species is the hollowing out of the large scape behind, in

correspondence with the convexity of the eye.

1. Euxestus parki, Woll.

This is the typical and generally-distributed species of

the genus.

Loc. Chagos and Seychelles Is. Chagos: Egmont Atoll,

1905, two examples. Seychelles: Praslin, from between

leaf-bases of a growing Coco-de-Mer palm (Lodoicea) in the

Vallée de Mai, 28. xi. 1908, three specimens.

2. Euvxestus phalacroides, Woll.

Described by mein 1917 from South Africa, as /. angustus,

this proves to be identical with the form previously dis-

covered in the island of St. Helena. Dr. Scott found it

abundantly in the Seychelles, and it will no doubt be found

in the future in other localities, rendering this remarkably

scattered distribution less surprising.

76 Mr. G. J. Arrow on Coleoptera from

Loc. Amirantes and Seychelles Is.

Amirantes: Poivre, Desroches, and Darros islands, five

examples ; one specimen from Poivre is marked “in rotten

cocos, 10. x. 1905.”

Seychelles: Mahé, Long Island, Praslin, Dennis. Mahé:

Cascade Estate, about 1000 ft., thirty specimens. Long

Island: vii. 1908, twoexamples. Praslin : Cétes d’Or Estate,

xi. 1908, one example. Dennis Island: viii. 1908, one

specimen (Fryer).

3. Euxesius globosus, sp. n.

Niger, nitidissimus, pedibus, antennis palpisque rubris: late ovalis,

valde convexus, corpore supra minute et parce, haud regulariter

punctulato, femoribus tibiisque latis, tarsis parum_ brevibus;

pronoto postice medio fortiter lobato: scutello minuto, acutissimo ;

elytrorum epipleuris latissimis ; corpore subtus haud perspicue

punctato.

Long. 2°3 mm.

This is more rotund in form than either of the two

preceding species, rather more so than JL’. translucidus, Mots.,

and nearly as globular as /. bivulneratus, Lea. It is also

extremely smooth and glossy both above and beneath, without

trace of striation or seriate puncturation, the punctures,

where traceable, being very fine and scattered. The deep

distinct punctures visible at the sides of the metasternum in

E. parki, and the very large ones at the sides of the first

ventral segment of E. phalacroides, are alike absent. The

prosternum is slightly tumid between the cox, but not

triangular, as in E. phalacroides. The first ventral segment

is almost as long as the succeeding three,and the elytral

epipleurz are very wide. The femora are very broad and

flat, the tibiz moderately, and the tarsi rather, slender, the

latter with the first joint strongly produced. The antenne are

short, the solid club a little transverse, as in E. phalacroides,

but the joint preceding it only a little broader than the pre-

vious one. The basal lobe of the pronotum is rather strong,

and the scutellum is very small, narrow, and acutely pointed,

Loc. Seychelles. Silhouette: from plateau of Mare aux

Cochons or the forest immediately above, over 1000 ft., one

example,

Genus E1porevs, Sharp.

Pseudalexia, Kolbe, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, v. 1910, p. 34.

There seems little doubt that this is the form described by

the Seychelles Islands, de. 77

Prof. Kolbe and assigned by him to the subfamily Sphiero-

sominz of the Eudomychide. His reasons for this are not

apparent, Only a single species of Lidoreus is known, and

this has been recorded ouly from the Hawaiian Islands,

4. Eidoreus minutus, Sharp.

Pseudalevia secheliarum, Kolbe, l. ce.

It seems likely that this may prove, like the related species

of the previous genus, to be a widely scattered island form.

It was found by Brauer in an ants’ nest under a stone, in

Praslin (see Kolbe), and some of Dr. Scott’s examples were

also, as stated below, found with ants.

Loc. Seychelles: Mahé, Long Island, Praslin. Mahé:

Cascade Estate, about 1000 ft., seven examples. Long Island:

four specimens found in company with other Coleoptera and

Lepismatide, in a nest of the ant Pheidole punctulata, Mayr

(A. Forel det.), in a decayed log, 18. vii. 1908. Praslin:

Cotes d’Or Estate, xi. 1908, three specimens.

Endomychide.

Two species, attributed to new genera, represent this family

in Kolbe’s enumeration, one of them being the minute

Krotylid, Eidoreus minutus, Sharp, just dealt with. ‘The

Endomychidz of Dr. Scott’s collection amount to five species,

of which one only is known from elsewhere ( 7rochoideus des-

jardinsi, Guér.). Three of the remainder, including Cyrto-

mychus coccinelloides, Kolbe, belong to two very remarkable

genera, probably peculiar to these islands *, and the other

is assigned to a genus hitherto known only from Lord Howe

Island, a spot so remote as to render it almost certain that

the genus has yet to be found in many parts of the world.

All the four species are highly interesting for the light shed

by them on the origins of the family and the development

of its characteristic tarsal structure.

Genus Cyrtomycuvus, Kolbe, op. cit. p. 35.

This genus was described by Kolbe from a single specimen.

A considerable number, belonging to two species, were taken

by Dr. Scott. There seems no doubt that these belong to

Cyrtomychus, although the structure of the tarsi is very

different from that described. The feet are said by Kolbe

to be cryptotetramerous and the third joint bilobed.

* A supposition borne out by the fact that all the material of these two

genera was found only in the endemic forests at high elevations.

78 Mr. G. J. Arrow on Coleoptera from

Actually there are only three joints, the second very small

and the first produced into a single narrow lobe, extending

considerably beyoud the second. ‘This is entirely unlike any

other tarsus known to me. The claws have a sharp-angled

basal appendix, as in many of the minute forms of Endomy-

chide, but this is not easily visible.

5. Cyrtomychus coccinelloides, Kolbe, op. cit. p. 36.

(Pl. III. figs. 1, 1 a.)

The single specimen from which this was described appears

to be a female. The long series brought together by

Dr. Scott shows a remarkable sexual difference. The males

have the apices of the elytra produced and thickened at the

angle—-quite unlike the elongation found in females of the

genus Kumorphus. ‘The only other external differeuce is

that the fifth ventral segment is a little shorter in the same

sex, which I conclude on that account to be the male.

Nove of Dr. Scott’s long series of my C. minor reaches the

length of 14 mm., given’ by Kolbe as that of his type. In

other respects Kolbe’s very brief description is not more

applicable to the present than to that species, but the

measurement being given with such exactitude should be

sufficient to decide the point. This is evidently a very

common insect in the locality in which the type was found,

aud it is highly improbable that that specimen belongs to

yet another species,

Loc, Seychelles. Silhouette, Mahé, Praslin. The 38

3 3d and 50 ¢ ? were found exclusively in the endemic

forests at high elevations, and in all months from August to

March. Silhouette: near Mont Pot-a-eau, ca. 1500 ft.;

Mare aux Cochons and forest above, over 1000 ft. Mahé:

high forest of Morne Blanc and Pilot, ca. 2000 ft.; high

forest between Trois Fréres and Morne Seychellois, 1500-

2000 ft.; Mare aux Cochons district, 1000-2000 ft.; forest

above Cascade Estate, including Mount Harrison, 1000—

2000 ft. Praslin: Cotes d’Or Estate, Coco-de-Mer

(Lodvicea) forest.

6. Cyrtomychus minor, sp.n. (Pl. ILL. fig. 2.)

Nigro-fuscus, nitidus, pedibus antennisque (clava excepta) flavis:

rotundato-ovatus, convexus, supra ubique sat parce punctatus

et breviter griseo-hirtus, antennis brevibus, pedibus modice

gracilibus, capite fere levi; pronoto convexo, minutissime et par-

cissime punctato, lateribus valde rotundatis, antice sat late, postice

angustissime, marginatis, antrorsum fortiter, retrorsum leviter,

SS Peeieieictpayeas i

the Seychelles Islands, Le. 79

contractis, angulis omnibus obtusis, basi profunde suleato; scutello

lato; elytris sat latis, fortiter haud crebre punctatis ; antennarum

articulo primo magno, 2 ovali, 3 paulo elongato, 4-7 transversis,

10 haud longiore quam latiore.

Long. 1-5 mm.

This is smaller than the typical species. It is also less

deep black in colour, less broad in shape, with more strongly

punctured elytra aud shorter hairy clothing. The sides of

the prothorax are more evenly rounded and its base is rather

less broad. The legs are scarcely as slender as those of

C. coccinelloides, and the autenne decidedly less so.

Joints 4 to 7 of the latter are very short and closely con-

nected, and the terminal joint of the club is not at all

elongate, as it is in the other form.

Loc. Seychelles. Silhouette, Mahé, Praslin. The 27

examples were found only in the high endemic forests,

including some of those on the mountain summits, September

to February. Silhouette: Mare aux Cochons and forest

above, over 1000 ft. Mahé: high forest of Morne Blane

and Pilot, ca. 2000 ft.; Cascade Estate and forest above,

1000 ft. and over; forest of rather stunted Capucin

(Northea) trees on summit of ‘*‘ Montague Anse Major” in

the Mare aux Cochons district, 2000 ft. or more; from

between leaf-bases of a growing Sfevensonia-palm on summit

of Mt. Sebert, ca. 2000 ft., 28. xii. 1908 (one specimen).

Praslin: Coco-de-Mer (Lodvicea) forest on Cédtes d’Or

Estate.

Genus Georenpomycuvus, Lea.

This genus has recently been described by Mr. Arthur

Lea for a tiny insect found in Lord Howe Island, and one

taken in the Seychelles by Dr. Scott shows such a remark-

able resemblance to that species, not only in its superficial

aspect but in its anatomical characters, that, in spite of

differences such as an additional joint in the antenna, I

think there can be no question as to the wisdom of

emphasising the close correspondence between them by

referring the new form to the same genus. ‘The remoteness

of their respective habitats is surprising, but it may be

expected that the discovery of others of these minute

Endomychide, so few of which are yet known, will make

it less so.

80 Mr. G. J. Arrow on Coleoptera from

7. Geoendomychus oculatus, sp.n. (Pl. III. fig. 3.)

Fulvo-brunneus, pedibus antennisque flavis, harum clava obseuriore :

hemisphericus, nitidus, sat dense erecte griseo-setosus ; capite

sat lato, oculis magnis, pronoto lato, lateribus rotundatis, anguste

marginatis, angulisobsoletis, foveis basalibus profundis, ad medium

attingentibus, basi toto marginato, medio late lobato ; scutello

late triangulari; elytris crebre haud seriatim punctatis, stria

suturali impressis; antennis 10-articulatis, articulis duobus

basalibus sat magnis, articulo 3 angusto,4 ad 7 minutis, tribus

ultimis maximis, longitudine reliquis equalibus, laxe connexis.

Long. 1 mm.

The new species is practically of the same size, hemi-

spherical shape, and light brown colour as the typical one,

G. pubescens, Lea, and has a similar even but not serial

puncturation and erect greyish pubescence upon the upper

surface, the latter a little closer in G. oculutus. The legs

aud antenne are of similar length and general form, but

the last three joints of the latter are larger and the terminal

one more elongate. There are ten joints, instead of mine, in

all, the third and fourth joints being slightly elongate and

apparently equivalent to the much longer single joint of

G. pubescens. The eyes are much larger than in the other

species, in which they are extremely small. The sides of

the pronotum are strongly rounded and have narrow elevated

margins, which continue a little more widely round the base.

The basal foveee are remote from the sides, gently curved,

and extend to about the middle of the pronotum, and the

base is broadly lobed in the middle. ‘he scutellum is

broadly triangular. The elytra have a sutural stria upon

each, the apices are conjointly rounded and not at all pro-

duced, and the epipleuree are rather broad beneath. The

correlation of the parts of the sternum is almost exactly as

in G. pubescens. The prosternum is narrow between the

front cox, but dilated a little behind them, forming a

rounded process which overlaps the mesosternum. ‘The

latter is very short but broad between the middle coxe, which

are as far apart as the hind ones, and the metasternum forms

a broad lobe between the middle coxe.

Loc. Seycielles. Mahe: Cascade Estate, about 1000 ft.

il.—il1. 1909, three specimens.

ANAGARICOPHILUS, gen. Nov.

Corpus ovatum, subglobosum. Caput sat magnum. Oculi pro-

minentes, minute granulati. Antenne sat robuste, 9-articulate,

the Seychelles Islands, &c. 81

articulo primo crasso, clavato, 2 sat magno, 3 ad 6 parvis,3 duplo

longiore quam sequentibus, 7 ad 9 magnis, clavam laxe connexam

formantibus, quorum 8 valde transverso. Prothorax brevis,

lateribus anguste marginatis, rotundatis, angulis omnibus rotun-

datis, foveis basulibus longe carinutis, haud ad marginem anticam

productis, basi medio profunde marginato. Scutellum triangulare.

Elytra fortiter convexa, anguste marginata. Pedes modice

graciles. Femora intermedia et postica paulo incrassata. ‘Tibiw

simplices. Tarsi 4-articulati,simplices, articulis duobus basalibus

subsequalibus, tertio brevi. Prosternum angustum, antrorsum

productum, haud dilatatum aut acuminatum. Coxe intermedie

haud distantes. Mesosternum sat anguste productum, Meta-

sternum antice late lobatum, rotundatum. Abdomen 6-segmen-

tatum, segmento primo tribus sequentibus equali, Palpi omnes

crassi, maxillarium articulo ultimo breviter ovato, labialium

breviter transverso, fere globoso.

It is necessary to constitute this genus for another of the

minute Endomychide, the kuown representatives of which

(belonging to the genera Clemmus, Exysma, Agaricophilus,

etc.) are very few in number and little studied. The last-

named genus, containing only a single European species,

appears to be that most related to the present insect. The

tarsi of Anagaricophilus are almost the same as in that genus,

consisting of four joints, the first two simple and similar,

the third distinct but very short. The antennz, however,

are reduced and consist of only nine joints, the first six

forming a short compact footstalk, of which the second three

are very short and closely packed, and the last three are

large and form a club scarcely shorter than the footstalk.

All its joints are transverse, the middle one very strongly.

The insect is highly convex in shape, with a broadly oval

outline, the elytral epipleuree rather broad beneath, but the

upper margins narrow. ‘The head and prothorax are

relatively larger than in Agaricophilus, and the margins of

the prothorax and elytra are not continuous, as in the

latter, the adjacent angles of each being entirely rounded off.

The outer margins of ‘the pronotum are narrow, and there is

no inner marginal carina, as in the other genus, the foveiwe

being remote from the margin, not parallel to it and .

extending only about two-thirds of the distance from base

to front. The prosternum forms a narrow prominent

process behind the frout cox. ‘The mesosternum is mode-

rately long, the part lying between the middle coxe nearly

as long as it is wide, and the metasternum is only very

feebly lobed in the middle. ‘There is a sixth visible ventral

segment. The claws have a rectangular dilatation at the

base.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. x. 6

82 On Coleoptera from the Seychelles Islands, ce.

8. Anagaricophilus pulchellus, sp.n. (PI. ILI. fig. 4.)

Niger, pedibus et antennis flavis (sed harum clava nigra) elytrisque

utringue lunula flava a baseos medio fere ad suture medium

producta maculaque rotundata anteapicali ornatis; breviter

ovatus, valde convexus, nitidus, toto haud dense aut longe griseo-

setosus, corpore supra sat fortiter parum crebre punctato, pronoto

brevi, lateribus valde arcuatis, anguste marginatis, angulis omni-

bus obsoletis ; scutello late et obtuse triaugulari; elytris stria

juxtasuturali utrinque impressis,

Long. 15 mm.

This little species is remarkable for a colour-development

very unusual in so small an insect, and is the only one

amongst the smaller Endomychidz known to me in which a

pattern occurs, although the family is so notable for the

strikingly-contrasted colouring of most of its larger forms,

It is shining black, with the legs and the footstalk of the

antenna bright yellow and each elytrou ornamented with

two yellow patches, one extending backwards from the

middle of the basal margin and bent towards the suture,

beg arrested by the juxta-sutural stria and not quite

reaching the middle of the length of the elytron, the second

a large nearly round spot a little before the apex. The

upper surface is highly convex, strongly punctured and

clothed with fine and rather scanty pubescence.

Loc. Seychelles. Silhouette: Mare aux Cochons or

plateau immediately above, over 1000 ft., ix. 1908, two speci-

mens. Mahé: forest above Cascade, over 1000 ft., 1. 1909,

one example ; stunted forest on summit of Mount Sebert,

ca. 2000 ft., 16.1. 1909, one specimen.

Genus TrocnorpEus, Westwood.

9. Trochoideus desjardinsi, Guérin.

Loc, Chagos Is., Amirantes Is., Farquhar Atoll, Seychelles.

Chagos: Egmont Atoll, 1905. Amirantes: Poivre and

Darros Islands, one of the specimens from Poivre being

labelled “in rotten cocos, 10.x.1905.” Farquhar Atoll:

1905.

Seychelles: Mahé; high forest of Morne Blanc, 1000 ft.

and over; Cascade Estate, ca. 1000 ft.: Long Island, six-

teen specimens were found together in July 1908, under a

heap of rotting coconut husks just above the beach (cf. the

examples from Poivre I. in the Amirantes, mentioned

above).

ARROW

Miss 0. F. Tassart, del.

ENDOMYCHID

Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. S. 9. Vol. X. Pil.

COLEOPTERA FROM THE SEYCHELLES

On new or little-known Tipulide. 83

This species is known from Southern India, Ceylon, the

Malayan and Pacific Islands, New Guinea, Madagascar,

and the Mascarene Is. In the Mascarenes it is recorded

from Réunion and Mauritius, and has recently been re-

ceived from Rodrigues (Snell and Thomasset, 1918), while the

Cambridge Museum also coutains some older specimens

from that island.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE IIL,

Fig. 1. Cyrtomychus coccinelloides, Kolbe, ¢, X 23: a, apex of elytra of

°, X23.

Fig. 2. Cyrtomychus minor, sp. n., X 28.

ig. 5. Geoendomychus oculatus, sp. n., X 39.

Fig. 4. Anagaricophilus pulchellus, gen, et sp. n., X 25.

V.—New or little-known Tipulide (Diptera).—XI. Aus-

tralasian Species. By Cuaries P. Avexanper, Ph.D.,

F.E.S., Urbana, Illinois, U.S.A.

Tue species of crane-flies described in the present paper,

like those in the two preceding instalments, are from New

Zealand, and were included in very extensive series that were

sent to me by my friends Messrs. Campbell, Harris,

Howes, Lindsay, and Watt, to whom I am greatly indebted

for this excelleut representation of Tipulide.

Dicranomyia nebulifera, sp. n.

Size large (wing of 2 13mm.) ; general coloration pale

brown, the praescutum with three dark brown stripes ; pleura

variegated with dark brown; wings subhyaline, clouded with

pale brown and grey; Se short; cell lst M, short, very

wide distally ; basal deflection of Cu, before the fork of 7.

Female.—Length 11 mm.; wing 138 mm,

Described from an alcoholic specimen.

Rostrum brown, the palpi dark brown. Antenne with

the scapal segments dark brown; flagellum broken. Head

dark brown.

Pronotum dark brown. Mesonotal prascutum obscure

brownish yellow with three conspicuous dark brown stripes,

the broad median stripe becoming obliterated before the

suture; a faint brown cloud on the lateral margin opposite

the anterior ends of the lateral stripes; scutum pale yellowish

brown, the lobes darker ; scutellum and postnotum pale

84 Dr. C. P. Alexander on

yellowish brown, the latter with the caudal half dark brown.

Pleura obscure yellow, the propleura, a large area on the

cephalic portion of the mesepisternum, the metapleura, and

the lateral sclerites of the postnotum conspicuously dark

brown ; sternites dark brown, paler medially. Halteres pale,

the knobs slightly infuscated. Legs with the cox obscure

yellow, broadly infuscated except at tips; trochanters

brownish yellow ; remainder of legs broken. Wings large

and broad, subhyaline, sparsely clouded with pale brown ;

a small darker brown spot at origin of /’s; narrow pale

brown seams at 7, along the cord and outer end of cell

Ist A/,; a small, oval, brown spot at basal third of cell J;

stigma very pale, oval ; vague grey clouds in the outer radial

and medial cells; along vein Cu,; before the end of cell M,

extending into cell Cu; outer end of cell lst A; the anal

angle of the wing; veins dark brown. Venation: Sc short,

ending immediately beyond the origin of Rs; Rs feebly

angulate at origin, almost in alignment with R,,3; 7 at the

tip of R,, much longer than the distal section of Rj,

angulated before mid-length, the section nearest 2, with

about eight macrotrichiz ; cell lst J/, pentagonal, very wide

at the distal end, m being about one-third the outer

deflection of M, ; basal deflection of Cu, about one-third its

length before the fork of M, Cu, about one and one-half

times the basal deflection of Cu,.

Abdomen dark brown, the genital segment and ovipositor

much brighter brown. Valves of the ovipositor long and

straight.

Hab. New Zealand.

Holotype, 2 , alcoholic, picked off engine on SS. ‘ Ngatoro,’

trading to Chatham Islands; possibly from Lyttelton;

November 12, 1921.

Dicranomyia nephelodes, sp. n.

General coloration dull brown, the praescutum with three

confluent darker brown stripes ; wings whitish subhyaline,

the origin of /’s, the cord, and outer end of cell 1st M, con-

spicuously clouded with dark brown; Se short, Rs long.

Male.—Length 7 mm.; wing 7°8-8°5 mm.

Female.—Length 6°5 mm.; wing 8mm.

Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antenne dark brown

throughout. Head dark brown, the frout somewhat brighter.

Mesonotum dull brown, the usual stripes confluent, the

lateral margins paler ; scutum dull], the lobes dark brown ;

new or little-known Tipulide. 85

seutellum and postnotum pale brown, sparsely pruinose.

Pleura with a very heavy, microscopic, grey pubescence that

appears like a pruinosity. Halteres pale, the knobs dark

brown. Legs with the coxe and trochanters obscure yellow ;

femora obscure brownish yellow, the tips dark brown; tibiz

and tarsi dark brownish black. Wings whitish subhyaline,

heavily clouded with brown ; a large brown spot at origin of

Rs ; stigma brown, the area connected with a large spot at

the fork of Rs; a broad, conspicuous seam along the cord

and outer end of cell lst M,; a pale cloud along the entire

length of vein Cu, beginning at arculus ; veins pale brown,

darker in the infuscated area. Venation: Se short, Se,

ending just beyond the origin of /?s, Seg a slightly greater

distance before this origin; /?s long, arcuated, almost in

alignment with R,,;; cell lst My pentagonal, longer than

any of the veins beyond it ; basal deflection of Cu, longer

than or subequal to Cug, at or before the fork of M,

Abdomen dark brown, the hypopygium fulvous; in some

eases the abdomen is distinetly bicolorous, the caudal half

of each segment being slightly darker brown than the basal

half. Male hypopygium with the two spines on the rostrum

of the ventral lobe long and powerful, straight, the distal

spine a little shorter than the proximal spine, longer than

the apex of the rostrum beyond them. Gonapophyses with

the mesal angle produced caudad into a long digitiform

lobe, directed caudad, the extreme apex a little laterad.

Ovipositor with the valves slender.

Hab. New Zealand (North Island).

Holotype, 3, Ohakune, altitude 2060 feet, October 27,

1921 (7. R. Harris).

Allotopotype, ° , October 23, 1921.

Paratopotypes, 1 3 , September 30, 1921; 1 3, October 14,

1921; 1 ?, October 5, 1921.

Paratypes of Dicranomyia nephelodes were sent to

Mr. Edwards for comparison with his types of J). tenebrosa,

Edwards ; he writes that the present species has a much

heavier wing-pattern, the spot at the origin of Zs being far

more conspicuous; Rs is longer and cells M, and 2nd M,

are decidedly shorter. The present fly is distinguished from

D. hemimelas, Alexander, by the dull coloration.

Dicranomyia incompta, sp. n.

General coloration grey ; rostrum brownish black, about

as long as the head ; mesonotum dull yellowish grey with

io 2]

6 Dr. C. P. Alexander on

three dark brown stripes; legs dark brown; wings sub-

hyaline, the stigma oval, pale brown ; Se short, Sc, close to

the tip of Se.

Male.—Length 6°5-6°8 mm. ; wing 7-7°2 mm,

Female.—Length 7 mm.; wing 8 mm,

Rostrum as long as the head, brown, almost black

dorsally, the palpi dark brownish black. Antenne dark

brown, the basal flagellar segments short-oval, the apical

segments more elongate. Head brown, the vertex between

the eyes more golden yellow.

Mesonotum yellowish grey, the prescutum with three

conspicuous dark brown stripes ; scutum grey, the lobes with

relatively small brown marks; scutellum and postnotum

grey. Pleura grey. Halteres with the stem yellow, the

knobs darker. Legs with the coxa and trochanters yellow ;

remainder of the legs dark brown, the bases of the femora

paler. Wings subhyaline; stigma oval, pale brown; veins

brown, Venation: Se short, Sc, ending just before the

origin of Rs, Sc at tip of Se,, Rs gently arcuated ; cell

lst M, elongate, m less than one-half the outer deflection of

M,; basal deflection of Cu, close to the fork of J, variable

in position.

Abdomen dark brown, the sternites a little paler, the

caudal margins of the segments indistinctly greyish. Male

hypopygium with the mesal apical angle of the gonapophyses

produced caudad into a short curved hook. Ovipositor with

the valves long and straight.

Hab. New Zealand (South Island).

Holotype, 3, Mt. Grey, Canterbury, altitude 1200-

1500 feet, November 27, 1921 (J. W. Campbell and Stuart

Lindsay).

“On undergrowth in beech forest.”

Allotopotype, 2.

Paratopotypes,9 3 2.

Dicranomyia incompta resembles the smaller D. conulifera,

Edwards, but the flagellar segments are oval and the wings

unmarked except for the pale stigma,

Dicranomyia funesta, sp. n.

Male.— Length 5°6 mm. ; wing 6°8 mm,

Related to D. brookesi, Edwards, from which it differs as

follows :—

Head dark brown, including the gene. Femora dark

brownish black, the extreme tips obscure yellow, most

evident on the inner face. Wings less distinctly tinged

new or little-known Tipulidee. 87

with brown, the stigma darker. Venation: Sc, shorter, a

little more than one-half the basal deflection of Ry,,; Rs

shorter, about one-third longer than the basal deflection of

Cu, ; cell lst AM, larger, about as long as vein Cu, beyond

it; vein 2nd A much straighter.

Hab. New Zealand (North Island),

Holotype, 3, Wanganui, October 10, 1921 (M. N. Watt).

The type of /). funesta was submitted to Mr. Edwards for

his expert opinion, and he agrees with the writer that it is

an undescribed species. The obliteration of the subterminal

yellow ring on the femur is a conspicuous character of this

species.

Dicranomyia annulifera, sp. n.

Male.—Length 6:8 mm.; wing 8°] mm,

Female. —Length 6°2 mm.; wing 7°5 mm.

Related to D. brookesi, Edwards, from which it differs as

follows :—

Femora dark brown, the tips broadly but indistinctly

obscure yellow, not with a subterminal ring as in brookesi.

Wings with the cord and outer end of cell Is¢ M, narrowly

seamed with brown; origin of Rs unmarked. Venation:

Sc, very long, longer than the basal deflection of R,,,; and

only a little shorter than #s, ending opposite the origin of

Rs. Abdominal segments conspicuously annulated obscure

yellow and dark brown, the tergites with less than the basal

half pale, the sternites with all but the narrow, dark brown

posterior margin obscure yellow.

Hab. New Zealand (South Island).

Holotype, 8, Mt. Grey, Canterbury, altitude 1200-

1500 feet, November 27, 1921 (J. W. Campbell and Stuart

Lindsay).

Allotopotype, @.

Paratopotype, 3.

**On undergrowth in beech forest.”

Dicranomyia annulifera, D, funesta, sp.n., and D. brookesi,

Edwards, form a natural group of closely allied species that

are related to D. vicarians, Schiner, distinguished by the

shiny coloration of the mesonotum, the shiny dark brown

thoracic pleurites, and the presence of more or less yellow

coloration on the femora.

Amphineurus subfatuus, sp. n,

Related to A. fatuus (Hutton); legs with the femora

brownish black with faint indications of a broad yellow ring

88 Dr. C. P. Alexander on

near mid-length ; wings with a conspicnous dark brown

tinge, sparsely variegated with yellow, this including the

w ing-base and a narrow seam along the cord, the anal angle

darkened.

Female.—Length about 6°2mm.; wing 8mm.

Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antenne with the scape

dark brown, the flagellum paler brown, especially on the

basal segments. Head dull greyish brown.

Mesonotum pale brown, the prescutum near the suture,

the median area of the scutum and the base of the postnotuin

darker. Pleura conspicuously dark brown, the dorsal pleurites

narrowly obscure yellow. Halteres with the stem brown,

the extreme base pale yellow, the knobs obscure yellow.

Legs with the cox brownish yellow, darker basally;

remainder of the legs brownish black, the femoral bases

narrowly obscure yellow ; ; a very ill- defined yellowish ring

near mid-length of the femora, best indicated on the fore

femora. Wings with a conspicuous dark brown tinge,

variegated with yellow, this including the bases of cells R,

M, and Cu, the middle portions of cells lst A and 2nd A;

anal angle darkened; a narrow yellow band along the

cephalic half of the cord, extending from costa to the fork

of M; veins pale yellow in the flavous areas, darker else-

where, much paler than in A. fatuus. Macrotrichize more

extensive than in dA. fatuus, the yellow areas destitute of

these sete being more restricted. Venation: Rs shorter

in A. fatuus ; basal deflection of Cu, almost transverse in

position, perpendicular to Cu at its origin, inserted at or just

before the fork of M; petiole of cell JZ, longer than the

basal deflection of Cu.

Abdominal tergites obscure yellow, the caudal lateral

angles of the segments broadly infuscated; pleural region

dark brown.

Hab. New Zealand (North Island).

Holotype, 2, Ohakune, altitude 2060 feet, November 13,

1921 (7. R. Harris).

Paratopotype, 2, February 20, 1922 (T. R. Harris).

Amphineurus campbelli, sp. n.

General coloration brown; antenne short; legs uni-

colorous ; wings greyish subhyaline with conspicuous dark

brown macrotrichie ; cell ?, subsessile; cell lst M, closed ;

male hypopygium with the pleurites very long and slender,

the distal pleural appendages within the basal third of the

> anil

new or little-known Tipulide. 8&9

length ; basal pleural appendage slender, the apex a strongly

curved spine; gonapophyses strongly recurved,

Male.—Length about 5°5 mm.; wing 5°2 mm.

‘emale.—Length about 6 mm.; wing 6°8 mm.

Rostrum and palpi brown. Antenne brown, relatively

short in both sexes—in the male, if bent backward, extending

about to the wing-root. Head dark brown with conspicuous

white seta.

Mesonotum brown, the humeral region of the prascutum

obscure yellow. Pleura brown. Halteres yellow, Legs with

the coxz brown; trochanters obscure yellow ; remainder

of the legs brown, the terminal segments darker, Wings

greyish subhyaline with abundant dark brown macrotrichize

that almost conceal the ground-colour; veins pale brown.

Venation: cell 2, almost sessile; R,,3; short to practically

lacking ; cell 1s¢ M, closed, m a little shorter than the outer

deflection of M,; basal deflection of Cu, just before thie

fork of M.

Abdomen dark brown, the caudal margins of the sternites

paler. Male hypopygium with the pleurites exceedingly

elongate,» digitiform, the distal pleural appendages at less

than one-third the length of the pleurites; basal pleural

appendage slender, strongly curved into a black terminal

spine; two distal pleural appendages, both strongly curved.

Gonapophyses very strongly curved, the apical half lying

parallel to the basal half, the slightly blackened point

directed mesad, almost touching ove another on the mid-line.

Ovipositor with the elongate valves horn-coloured.

Hab. New Zealand (South Island).

Holotype, 3, Mt. Grey, Canterbury, altitude 1200-

1500 feet, November 27, 1921 (J. W. Campbell and Stuart

Lindsay).

Allotopotype, 2.

Paratopotype, 3 ; paratypes, 8 3? , Lake Wakatipu, Otago,

December 1921 (F. S. Oliver).

* On undergrowth in beech forest.”

Amphineurus campbelli is related to A. perdecorus, Edwards,

and A, senex, Alexander, but is very distinct in the structure

of the male hypopygium. It is named in honour of my

friend, Dr. J. W. Campbell.

Molophilus lindsayi, sp. n.

General coloration dark brownish black ; antennz short ;

halteres yellow ; wings pale brown ; male hypopygium with

40 Dr. C. P. Alexander on

four slender elongate appendages, the terminal pair toothed

near apex.

Male.—Length about 3°5 mm.; wing 5 mm.

Rostrum brown; palpi black. Antenne short, black.

Head brown, grey pruinose.

Pronotum brown, the scutellum obscure yellow. Meso-

notum and pleura dark brown, sparsely pruinose. Halteres

light yellow. Legs with the cox obscure yellow, the pos-

terior coxee more infuscated ; trochanters obscure yellow ;

fore femora dark brown; mid-femora dark brown, the bases

narrowly paler; posterior femora pale brown ; tibie and

tarsi brown. Wings pale brown, the veins slightly darker

brown, the base a little paler; macrotrichiz conspicuous.

Venation : basal section of R,,; about four times 7; basal

deflection of Cu, about one-half longer than the basal deflec-

tion of M/,,,; vein 2nd A elongate, extending to about

three-fourths the length of the petiole of cell M3.

Abdomen dark brownish black with conspicuous golden-

yellow sete, longer and more conspicuous on the genital

segment. Male hypopygium with four slender, elongate,

black appendages, an apical pair that are strongly curved,

before the long straight apex with a single small lateral

spine ; second pair of appendages are on the dorsal (apparent

ventral) face and are directed cephalad, appearing as slender

smooth spines, strongly bent at the base and less con-

spicuously so at the acute tips. Penis-guard small, pale

yellow.

Hab. New Zealand (South Island).

Holotype, 3, Mt. Grey, Canterbury, altitude 1200-

1500 feet, November 27, 1921 (J. W. Campbell and Stuart

Lindsay).

Paratopotype, 3 , altitude 2000 feet, March 19, 1922.

“On undergrowth in beech forest.”

This interesting Molophilus is named in honour of the

collector, who has secured many rare Tipulide on Mt. Grey.

Rhabdomastiz (Sacandaga) neozelandia, sp. n.

Size large (wing of male over 5°5 mm.) ; general colora-

tion dark brown, the thoracic pleura sparsely pruinose ;

wings with a strong brown suffusion; R,,; about three-

fourths the length of R; alone.

Male.— Length about 5 mm.; wing 5°6-6 mm.

Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antenne short, dark

brown; flagellar segments oval, the terminal segments more

elongate. Head greyish brown. Mesonotal przscutum

new or little-known Tipulide. 91

dark brown, sparsely dusted with yellowish-brown pollen,

clearer brown sublaterally ; scutum and scutellum more

pruinose. Pleura dark brown, sparsely pruinose. Halteres

pale throughout. Legs with the cox brown; trochanters

obscure yellow ; femora and tibize brown, the tips a little

darker; tarsi dark brown. Wings with a strong brown

suffusion; wing-base narrowly paler ; stigma brown, distinct

but pale; veins dark brown. Venation: Sc, ending about

opposite three-fifths the length of Rs, Scg barely indicated,

about its own length from the tip of Se, ; Ry.,3 nearly three-

fourths the length of R,; tip of R, a little more than its

own length from the tip of 2,; cell lst M, irregularly oval,

the inner end narrow; m variable in length, up to three or

four times as long as the outer deflection of M,; basal

deflection of Cu, just beyond mid-length of cell 1s¢ M, ; vein

2nd A sinuous. Anal angle prominent.

Abdomen dark brown, the hypopygium obscure brownish

yellow.

Hab. New Zealand (South Island).

Holotype, 3, Waipori, Otago, December 5, 1921

(G. Howes).

Allotype, 2, Lake Wakatipu, December 1921 (F. S.

Oliver).

Paratypes,2 3 $, Dunedin, Otago, November 26, 1921

(G. Howes).

The discovery of species of Rhabdomastiz in New Zealand

is of especial interest.

Rhabdomastiz (Sacandaga) otagana, sp. n.

Size small (wing of male under 4°5 mm.) ; general colora-

tion obscure yellow; wings with a faint greyish-yellow

tinge; R,,; about three-fifths the length of £2; alone.

Male.—Length 3°3 mm. ; wing 4°2 mm.

Rostrum brownish yellow ; palpi dark brown. Antenne

short; basal segment of scape brown ; the remainder of the

antenna dark brown; flagellar segments oval, attenuate

apically, provided with long, outspreading, white verticils.

Head pale brownish grey.

Mesonotum obscure yellow without markings. Pleura

pale brownish yellow. Halteres short, obscure yellow.

Legs with the cox and trochanters obscure yellow; legs

brown. Wings with a faint greyish-yellow tinge; stigma

pale, oval, barely indicated ; veins pale brown. Venation:

Sc, ending beyond mid-length of Rs, Sc, faint, not far from

the tip of Sc,; Rs long and straight, R,,; about two-fifths

92 Dr. C. P. Alexander on

Rs; tip of R, about its own length from the tip of R, ;

m long, about four times the outer deflection of M, ; basal

deflection of Cu, near mid-length of cell ls¢ M,; vein

2nd A sinuous. Anal angle prominent.

Abdomen brownish yellow, the hypopygium concolorous.

Hab. New Zealand (South Island),

Holotype, 8, Dunedin, Otago, December 14, 1921

(G. Howes).

Limnophila hudsoni, Edwards, atripes, subsp. n.

Male.—Length 12 mm.; wing 13 mm.

Differs from typical hudsoni, Edwards, as follows :—

Antenne slightly longer, the flagellar segments much less

conspicuously bicolorous, the extreme tips of the segments

being pale, beyond mid-length of the organ passing into

uniform black. Mesonotal przscutum clearer grey, the

median stripe, the interspaces behind, and the lateral margins

of the sclerite narrowly but distinctly lined with reddish

hrown. Femora brown, beyond the basal third passing into

black, the extreme apices narrowly and indistinctly pale; a

conspicuous subterminal yellow ring that is a little more

extensive than the black ring beyond it; tibial apices

distinctly blackened.

Hab. New Zealand (North Island).

Holotype, 3, Ohakune, altitude 2060 feet, November 6,

1921 (T. R. Harris).

Paratopotype, 3, November 14, 1921.

The general appearance of this fly is rather different from

that of L. hudsoni, Edwards, due to the increase in the

amount of black on the antenne and legs, but there is no

doubt of the close relationship of the two.

Limnophila cinereipleura, sp. i.

General coloration dark grey, the thoracic pleura clear

ashen grey; wiugs greyish yellow, clearer yellow basally ;

stigma barely indicated ; cell 2nd R, at wing-margin a little

wider than cell R,; cell MM, small.

Male.—Length about 4mm.; wing 5mm.

Female.—Length 5 mm. ; wing 5°6 mm.

Rostrum, palpi, and antennez black, the latter short in both

sexes. Head brownish grey.

Mesonotal prescutum yellowish grey, clearer grey laterally,

with three ill-defined brown stripes, the median stripe indis-

tinctly split by a paler vitta ; scutum dark grey ; scutellum

and postnotum light grey. Pleura with indications of a

Paget >

new or little-known Tipulidee. 93

ventral aud dorsal dark longitudinal stripe enclosing a clear

ashen-grey area. Halteres pale. Legs with the coxe dark,

dusted with grey ; trochanters obscure yellow, margined

apically with brown; remainder of the legs dark brown.

Wings greyish yellow, clearer yellow basally, the stigmal

area barely indicated; veins pale brown. Venation: Se;

ending just before the end of Ks, Sc a little more than its

length from tip; fs long, arcuated at extreme origin; R,,;

short, about equal to the basal deflection of R,,;; r faint,

about three times its length from tip of R,; cell 2nd R, a

little wider at wing-margin than cell 2, ; cell ls¢ M, small,

rectangular ; petiole of cell M, very long, from one to two

times the length of the cell ; basal deflection of Cu, at or

just beyond the fork of M; arculus complete.

Abdomen dark brown, including the hypopygium ; each

pleural appendage elongate, tapering to the acute point.

Ovipositor with elongate valves, as in this group of species.

Hab. New Zealand (South Island).

Holotype, 3, Mt. Grey, Canterbury, altitude 1200-

1500 feet, November 27, 1921 (J. W. Campbell and Stuart

Lindsay).

Allotopotype, 2.

**On undergrowth in beech forest.”

Limnophila truncata, sp. n.

Mesonotum obscure yellow, scutal lobes and anterior half

of postnotum brownish black ; wings nearly hyaline with a

brown spot at origin of /’s and seams along the cord and

outer end of cell lst M,; 7 near tip of R, ; petiole of cell J,

short ; basal deflection of Cu, near mid-length of cell Ist My:

abdominal segments bicolorous; hypopygium compressed,

obliquely truncated.

Male.—Length 5°5 mm. ; wing 7°2 mm.

Rostrum yellow, palpi brownish black. Antenne short ;

basal segment of scape obscure yellow ; remainder of antenna

brownish black; flagellar segments elongate-oval with short

verticils. Anterior part of vertex brownish yellow, the

remainder of head brownish grey.

Mesonotal przescutum brownish yellow with three clearer

yellow stripes that are very ill-defined ; median stripe split

by a capillary dark brown line that becomes obliterated

before the suture ; scutum obscure brownish yellow, the

lobes conspicuously dark brown ; scutellum pale brownish

testaceous ; postnotum brownish black on the cephalic half,

the posterior half pale brown. Pleura brownish yellow

94 Dr. C. P. Alexander on

testaceous. THalteres elongate, pale brown, the knobs dark

brown. Legs with the coxze and trochanters yellowish testa-

ceous ; femora dark brown, the bases broadly paler, most

extensively on the fore legs where more than the basal half

is pale, least extensively on the posterior legs where less than

the basal third is pale; tibize and tarsi black. Wings nearly

hyaline, with a sparse brown pattern; stigma oval, dark

brown ; a brown spot of origin of Rs ; a brown seam along

the cord, beginning at Sc, continued across the fork of Ry.

to the basal deflection of Cu, ; a brown seam along the outer

end of cell lst M,. Venation: Sc, considerably longer than

Sc,, just beyond the fork of R,,;; Hs long, arcuated at

origin; R,,3 about one-half longer than the basal deflection

of Cu | ; 7 about one and one-half its length from the tip of

R, and on R, beyond mid-length ; cells R;, R;, and 1st M,

in alignment ; cell M, deep, its petiole about equal to Ry,3;

m shorter than outer deflection of M3; basal deflection of

Cu, at or just before mid-length of the caudal face of cell

lst M,; cell 2nd A long and narrow; anterior arculus

atrophied. Wings petiolate.

Abdominal tergites dark brown, the basal half of tergite

2 pale ; tergites 2 to 7 conspicuously ringed caudally with

pale yellow ; tergites 8 and 9 dark brown ; sternites obscure

yellow, less than the basal half of each segment infuscated.

Hypopygium compressed, viewed laterally appearing obliquely

truncated.

Hab. New Zealand (South Island).

Holotype, 3, Mt. Grey, Canterbury, altitude 1200-

1500 feet, November 27, 1921 (J. W. Campbell and Stuart

Lindsay).

“On undergrowth in beech forest.”

Limnophila (Metalimnophila) unipuncta, sp. n.

Allied to L. producta, Alexander; wings with a faint

brown tinge; stigma brown; a narrow brown seam along

r-m ; male hypopygium with the mesal apical angle of each

pleurite produced into a stout lobe that is nearly as long as

the pleurite itself; outer pleural appendage simple ; inner

pleural appendage strongly bent at mid-length.

Male.—Length about 5mm.; wing 6mm.

Rostrum and palpi black. Antenne elongate, black.

Head dark brown.

Mesonotal prescutum light brown with three darker

brown stripes ; scutum pale brown, the centre of the lobes

dark brown; scutellum and postnotum brownish grey.

new or litlle-known Tipulide. 95

Pleura silvery grey, the pleural stripe very broad, brownish

black; sides of mesosternum faintly darkened. Halteres

brown, the base of stem and apex of knob pale. Wings with

a faint brown tinge ; stigma elongate, brown; a narrow but

conspicuous dark brown seam on r—m and the basal deflec-

tion of R,,;; veins dark brown. Venation: Sc, near tip of

Sc, and about twice the length of the latter ; petiole of cell

M, one-half longer than the cell.

Abdomen dark brown, the caudal margins of the basal

segments very faintly paler. Male hypopygium with the

ninth tergite having two slender parallel lobes. Mesal face

of pleurite produced into a very large flattened lobe, the

mesal apical angle produced into a second lobe that is nearly

as long as the pleurite but stout, broad at base, gradually

narrowed to the blunt apex, this lobe much longer than in

L. howesi, but shorter than in L. producta; outer pleural

appendage a long, curved, simple blade, bearing long setz on

the outer face before the apex ; inner pleural appendage

slender, very strongly arcuated at mid-length. Spines of

the eighth sternite arising from a pedunculate base.

Hab. New Zealand (South Island).

Holotype, 3, Dunedin, Otago, November 26, 1921

(G. Howes).

Paratype, 3, Ben Lomond, Otago, December 30, 1921

(G. Howes).

Macromastix pallidistigma, sp. un.

Mesonotum uniformly reddish brown, unmarked ; wings

pale greyish; cells C and Se brown; stigma large, pale

cream-yellow ; petiole of cell M, longer than m ; cell 2nd A

long and narrow; abdomen pale greenish brown; ninth

tergite of male hypopygium with a broad, U-shaped, median

notch, the lobes short, obtusely rounded.

Male.—Length 9 mm. ; wing 11°5 mm.

Frontal prolongation of the head long, pale, sparsely

pruinose, the nasus long and broad, Antenne very small ;

first .scapal segment pale, second segment pale green ;

flagellum brown, the basal segments tinged with green, the

terminal segments uniformly dark. Head pale brown,

sparsely dusted with grey.

Pronotum tinged with green. Mesonotal przscutum

uniformly reddish brown, unmarked ; scutum similar, the

lateral margins of the lobes dark ; scutellum and postnotum

a little paler, especially the former. Pleura obscure yellow.

Halteres tinged with green. Legs with the coxz concolorous

96 Dr. C. P. Alexander on

with the pleura; trochanters green ; femora obscure yellow,

the bases and tips narrowly tinged with green; tibize

and tarsi pale brown. Wings with a pale greyish tinge,

cells C and Se dark brown, the former a little paler;

stigmal area large, pale cream-yellow ; wing-base indistinctly

pale; veins slender, dark brown. Venation: Sc, ending

about opposite mid-length of Rs, the latter straight, about

two-thirds R,,;; 7 faint, with one macrotrichia near mid-

length ; distal section of R, pale but evident, nearly as long

as m; petiole of cell M, a little longer than m; inner end

of cell lst M, pointed; cell 2nd A very long and narrow,

parallel-sided.

Abdomen pale greenish brown, the eighth sternite indis-

tinctly darker ; hypopygium obscure greenish. Male hypo-

pygium with the ninth tergite having a broad, U-shaped,

median notch, the short lobes obtusely rounded. Region of

the ninth pleurite not produced beyond the level of the end

of the tergite as in M. albistigma, Kdwards.

Hab. New Zealand (South Island).

Holotype, 3, White Rock, Mt. Thomas, Canterbury,

altitude 1000 feet, December 18, 1921 (J. W. Campbell and

Stuart Lindsay).

Paratopotype, 3.

Macromastiz pallidistigma is by far the smallest species of

the viridis group so far described. The second cell is very

narrow for a member of this group.

Macromastix greyana, sp. n.

Male.—Length 11-12 mm.; wing 17-17-:2 mm.

Related to J. alexanderi, Edwards, from which it differs

as follows :—

Size a little larger. Frontal prolongation of head elongate,

the nasus long and conspicuous. Head pale buff with a

relatively small dark brown spot in the centre of the vertex.

Thorax clear light grey, the prescutum with four con-

spicuous dark brown stripes, the intermediate pair narrowly

separated by a capillary line; lateral margins of preescutum

not darkened; each scutal lobe with a conspicuous dark

brown area ; median area of scutum, the scutellum, and post-

notum pale testaceous, the caudal margin of the latter a

little darkened. Pleura clear light grey. Wings relatively

narrow, the pattern much darker brown; cells M, and

2nd M, clear except the extreme bases which are abruptly

dark ; basal half of cell M, clear, the apex with a dusky

triangle; no conspicuous brown blotch in cell M on vein Cu

new or little-known Tipulide. 97

just before its fork, so the large clear blotch in cell M is

constricted only on its cephalic side; bases of cells 1s¢ 4A and

2nd A more extensively pale. Venation: basal section of

R, short, in some cases almost lacking; r joining 2, close

beyond the fork of R,,;; basal deflection of R,,; short, less

than twice r—m ; basal sections of M,,. and M;,, subequal ;

petiole of cell M, only a little longer than m. Abdomen

dark brownish grey, very slightly darker dorso-medially, the

basal tergites broadly ochreous on the sides; basal sternites

a little more brownish than sternites 6 to 8.

Hab. New Zealand (South Island).

Holotype, 3, Mt. Grey, Canterbury, altitude about

1000 feet, November 27, 1921 (J. W. Campbell and Stuart

Lindsay).

Paratopotype, 1 3; paratypes, 1 8, White Rock,

Mt. Thomas, Canterbury, altitude about 1000 feet, Decem-

ber 18, 1921 (J. W. Campbell and Stuart Lindsay); 9 3 3,

Glentui, Ashley Co., Canterbury, December 1921 (Stuart

Lindsay).

“Swept from tussock grass on hill-side.”

Macromastiz yreyana is distinguished from M. huttoni,

Edwards, by the coloration of the wings, thorax, and

abdomen,

Macromastiz rufibasis, sp. n.

Related to M. rufiventris, Edwards ; mesonotal preescutum

with three black stripes ; wings uniformly infuscated, the

pale discal blotch larger and better delimited ; abdominal

tergites 1 and 2 with the lateral margins rufous-orange.

Male.—Length about 9°5 mm.; wing 13°2 mm.

Differs from M. rufiventris as follows :—

Mesonotal preescutum light grey with three conspicuous

black stripes, the median stripe entire, broadly cuneiform ;

scutellum and postnotum light ashy grey. Wings with the

dark suffusion more uniform, the pale discal blotch at the

cord larger and better defined, including the outer end of

cell R, the basal third of cell lst A/, and a small area in

cell M; in addition, the centre of cell M, the bases of cells Cu,

lst A, and 2nd A, and the prearcular cells are less distinctly

pale ; no clear obliterative area before stigma. Venation :

petiole of cell M, about two-thirds m ; basal section of M,

ouly a little shorter than the basal section of M,,.; cell

2nd A wider. Abdominal tergites with the rufous-orange

colour confined to segments 1 and 2; segment 1 rather

broadly infuscated medially ; segment 2 narrowly infuscated

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. x. 7

98 On new or little-known Tipulide.

on the basal ring, very broadly so on the posterior ring, the

lateral margins here being obscure orange ; lateral margins

of the remaining tergites broadly cinereous ; the very broad

dark brown median stripe on tergites 3 to 9 is split by a

conspicuous grey line that becomes more diffuse on the

posterior segments ; sternites with the basal segments obscure

brownish yellow, soon passing into grey.

Hab. New Zealand (South Island).

Holotype, &, Dunedin, Otago, November 20, 1921

(M. N. Wait).

‘«« Beaten from foliage.”

Macromastiz harrisi, sp. n.

General coloration pale brown; wings subhyaline, the

stigma pale brown; 7 lacking; cell Ist M, rectangularly

quadrate; basal deflection of Cu, some distance before the

fork of M as in the genus Nephrotoma.

Female.—Length about 7°5 mm.; wing 11°5 mm.

Frontal prolongation of the head pale testaceous; nasus

obsolete; palpi pale brown. Antenne short, pale brown,

the terminal segments darker; first flagellar segment long

and tumid. Head dark, especially on the vertex, with a pale

greyish-yellow pollen on the front and adjoining the margin

of the eyes ; a very narrow brown median vitta on vertex.

Mesonotum pale brown, the median stripe darker but ill-

defined; remainder of mesonotum pale reddish brown; an

indistinct brown spot at each anterior lateral angle of the

postnotum. Pleura pale reddish yellow. Halteres brown,

the base of the stem and the knobs obscure yellow. Legs

with the coxee and trochanters concolorous with the pleura;

remainder of the legs darker brown. Wings subhyaline ;

stigma pale brown, entirely proximad of R,; veins pale

brown. Venation: Sc, preserved; Rs relatively short,

arcuated; R, close to R, at the wing-margin, the distance

about equal to Sc,; 7 lacking; petiole of cell MZ, about

equal to m; cell lst M, quadrangular; m—cu punctiform,

some distance before the fork of M, the distal section of M

equal to or longer than the basal deflection of Ry,53 cell

2nd A broad.

Abdomen brown, distended and discoloured with egg-

masses.

Hab. New Zealand (North Island).

Holotype, ° , Ohakune, altitude 2060 feet, November 13,

1921 (T. R. Harris).

On Mammals from Northern Rhodesia. 99

The type is rather teneral. Macromastix harrisi is dedi-

cated to the collector, Mr. T. R. Harris, to whom I am

greatly indebted for many fine Tipulide from New Zealand.

It is allied to M. atridorsum, Alexander, but differs from

this species, as well as all others so far described, by the

position of the basal deflection of Cu,, which is basad of the

fork of A/ as in the genus Nephrotoma.

VI.—On a Collection of Mammals obtained by Capt. G. C.

Shortridge in Northern Ihodesia, with Field-notes by the

Collector. By P.S. Kersuaw.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

THE following is a list of the small mammals obtained by

Capt. G. C. Shortridge in 1919 and 1920 in Northern

Rhodesia. The bulk ot the collection was secured during the

construction of the aerodrome at N’dola, near the Belgian

Congo frontier, at 12° 50’ S., 28° 40’ E. The remainder,

with one or two exceptions, came from Monze, 200 miles

south of N’dola. Many specimens of the genera Nasilio,

Crocidura, Taterona, Steatomys, Saccostomus, Acomys, Leg-

gada, Zelotomys, and Cricetomys were captured during the

levelling of the numerous large ant-hills on the aerodrome.

Three new species from this collection have already been

described by Hinton*. ‘These were Mimetillus thomasi,

Kerivoula lueta, and Zelotomys shortridge. On a further |

examination of the material it has been found necessary to

give names to the following forms :—Crocidura katharina,

Helogale brunnula ruficeps, aud Taterona lobengule ndole.

This opportunity has been taken to describe a new form of

Acomys—viz., A. sabryi—from Helouan, near Cairo, the

type and other specimens of which have been kindly presented

to the British Museum by the Giza Zoological Museum.

There is also appended a list of the Ungulates obtained in

various localities in Northern Rhodesia, and presented to the

British Museum by Mr. D. Gordon Lancaster, Mr. and Mrs.

Gordon Read, Mr. E. R. D. Hall, Capt. G. C. Shortridge,

Mr. H. Wainwright, and Dr, J. Harmer, donations which |

have much pleasure, on behalf of the Trustees, in acknow-

ledging.

* Ann, & Mag. Nat, Hist. (9) vi. p. 289 a

100 Mr. P. S. Kershaw on

1. Cercopithecus pygerythrus whytei, Poc.

211, 213; ¢. 123; 9. 18, 169, 442. N’dola.

No. 123 has grey instead of black hands and feet. The

brightness of the yellow on the back varies, and is evidently

an individual character. For this reason I think that €. sila-

ceus, Elliot, should become a synonym of C. p. whytet. In

these specimens there is every shade of gradation between the

colours of the two types,

2. Papio sp.

3. 310; 2. 56. N’dola.

3. Galago crassicaudatus monteiri, Gray.

3. 62,291; 9. 64,96. N?’dola.

Native name “ musati.”’

4, Galago moholi, A. Smith.

3. 58, 72, 73, 77, 78, 97, 119, 126, 131, 133, 135, 137,

138, 104, 166; 9. 71, 76, 121, 122, 129, 132, 155, 165,

234. N’dola.

“ Exceedingly plentiful. They have extraordinary leaping

powers, that are curiously frog-like. Like the slender loris

of India they are able to creep through very small apertures.

They do not appear to be very timid when handled.”

5. Epomophorus wahklbergi, Sund.

g e 424, N’dola.

6. Epomophorus crypturus, Pet.

3. 328. N’dola.

7. Nycteris capensis, A. Smith.

3» 7,8, 9, 10, 138, 215; 9. 12, 14, 15, 16, 19) 2252425:

26, 27, 28. Monze.

8. Lavia frons, Geoff.

Gs! EH, 299) 9 61. idol,

i9. Pipistrellus nanus, Pet.

3... 277,397) 9 Al? UN'dola,

Mammals from Northern Rhodesia. 101

10, AMfimetillus thomasi, Hint.

?. 481 (type-specimen). N’dola.

11. Kerivoula argentata, Tomes,

gd. 415,417; 2. 414,416. N’dola.

Hitherto the type, a ? from Otjoro, Damaraland, S.W.

Africa (R. E. Tomes, P. Z. 8. 1861, p. 32), has been the

only specimen in the collection. The specimens collected by

Mr. Shortridge appear to be quite indistinguishable, notwith-

standing the great difference of locality.

12. Kerivoula lucia, Hint.

3d. 472 (type-specimen). N’dola,

“Bats of this genus are not gregarious, and never roost

together in numbers. I have never met with any species of

the genus that can be considered plentiful.”

13. Nasilio brachyrhynchus, A. Smith.

So. 26, 43, 52, 229, 238, 345, 348, 368, 408, 410, 411,

412, 427, 430, 432, 435, 436, 438; ¢. 30, 250, 312, 330,

331, 393, 404, 405, 421, 425, 426, 433, 435. N’dola.

“Partly, if not entirely, diurnal. Elephant-shrews never

attempt to bite when handled. If kept with even small

rodents they almost invariably get killed. This species, in

addition to being caught in numbers during the levelling of

ant-hills, was occasionally seen hopping across footpaths by

day. Unlike the South-African elephant-shrews, this animal

inhabits thick forest.”

14. Pachyura lixa, Thos.

Ge wees 9.28%. N’dola,

15. Crocidura hirta, Pet.

d. 230, 263, 306, 364; 2. 102, 261, 288, 297. N’dola.

16. Crocidura katharina, sp. n.

3. 217; 2. 81,227. N’dola.

A small light-coloured shrew of the jackson?¢ group.

General colour of dorsal surface “ drab-grey ” washed with

“éeru drab”; ventral surface silvery grey. The colour of

102 Mr. P. S. Kershaw on

the ventral surface extends up the sides well above the

lateral gland (in the type-specimen about 4 mm. above it).

Hands and feet white. _ ‘T'ail brown above, light below, short,

and clothed with numerous long white bristle-hairs to the tip.

Skull smaller and more flattened than in jacksoni, the

rostrum shorter, but with a greater maxillary breadth.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 20. 11. 3.53. Original

number 217. Collected on June 12th, 1919, by Capt. G. C.

Shortridge.

Type-locality. N’dola, North Rhodesia, 12° 50'S., 28° 40’ E.

Dimensions of the type :—

Head and body 68 mm.; tail 41; hind foot 11;

ear 9.

Skull: condylo-incisive length 20; breadth of brain-case 9 ;

greatest maxillary breadth 7:1 ; palatilar length 7°83; length

of upper tooth-row (base of incisor to back of last molar) 8-1.

The outstanding characteristics of this species are its very

light colour and the great extension of the grey of the ventral

surface up the sides. Perhaps the nearest approach to it in

colour in the genus is shown by C. boydi from the Welle

River, a larger species.

The resemblance externally of this species to Pachyura

liza is very striking, and is an excellent example of isomor-

phism. Without the skull to decide the point, it would not

occur to a casual observer that these were not the same

species.

17. Felis pardus, Linn.

ds 4.' N’dola.

18. Felis serval, Schreb.

489. N?’dola.

19. Felis sp.

400 (juv.). N’dola.

20. Civettictis civetta, Schreb.

g. 207. N’dola.

21. Genetta sp.

208, 440. N’dola.

22. Herpestes gracilis cauui, A. Smith.

3. 63, 204, 504; 9. 2 N’dola.

basse

Mammals from Northern Rhodesia, 103

23. Helogale varia, Thos.

3.79. N’dola.

24. Helogale brunnula ruficeps, subsp. n.

do. 110; ¢@. 109-111. Monze.

A russet-headed local form of H. brunnula, Thos. &

Schwann.

Colour of back and tail “ Prout’s brown,” not so rich as in

Hi. brunnula. Throat, sides of head and neck, and ears

russet; crest rather darker. The russet colour of the head

merges into the colour of the back before reaching the

shoulders. Under surface a lighter brown than in 4H. brun-

nula, and more in contrast with the colour of the back. ‘Tail

without the dark terminal pencil of AH. brunnula, The

russet colour reappears in the hands and feet.

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :—

Head and body 211 mm.; tail 160; hind foot 45;

ear 16.

Type-locality. Monze, 200 miles south of N’dola, N.W.

Rhodesia.

Type. Adult male. B.M, no, 21.8.11.4. Original num-

ber 110. Collected by Mr. Powell.

This is a well-marked subspecies. The three specimens to

hand, all from the type-locality, are precisely similar in

colour.

25. Mungos mungo, Gmel.

= Crossarchus fasciatus, Desm.

9. 23. N’dola.

26. Canis sp.

¢. 488. N’dola.

27, Mellivora sp.

287. N’dola.

28. Ictonyx striatus, Perry.

441. N’dola.

29. Heliosciurus rhodesie, Wrought.

gd. 22, 106, 254, 318; ?. 55, 153, 253, 418. N’dola,

104 Mr. P. S. Kershaw on

“Fairly plentiful around N’dola. This species appeared

to be rather less of a forest animal than Parawerus cepapt,

being frequently observed around trees that were growing

in the gardens.”

30. Paraxerus cepapi quotus, Wrought.

3. 24, 38,406; 2. 10, 407, 423. N’dola.

31. Paraxerus cepapi sindi, Thos. & Wrought.

3. 36, 37,69; 2. 31, 38,56. Monze.

A large amount of material has been received by the

British Museum since the various geographical races of

P. cepapi were established. ‘The difference between the

forms is not great, and there are many areas of intergradation.

There seems no doubt that P. c. soccatus, Wrought., from

N. Angoniland should merge in P. yulet, Thos.

The material to hand suggests the following areas of

distribution :—

P. cepayi, A. Smith.—Typical locality: “the banks of

the Marikwa River.” Range: from the Upper Limpopo to

Natal.

P.c. sindi, Thos. & Wrought.—Typical locality: Tette,

on the Zambesi. Range: Lake Ngami, the Kafué, Zam-

besi, and Shiré Rivers,

P. c. yuled, Thos. (=P. ¢. soccatus, Wrought.).—Typical

locality: Muezo, near Lake Mweru. Range: from Lake

Mweru, eastward to the Tanganyika—Nyasa Plateau, and

southward to Angoniland.

P. c, quotus, Wrought.—Typical locality: Katanga Dist.,

Congo State. ‘I'he actual locality given on the type-specimen

is “near the Dikulwe River, Katanga.” Range: Katanga

eastward to the Loangwa Valley.

The Loangwa Valley seems to be an area of intergradation

between P. c. quotus and P. ¢. sindt.

The key given by Wroughton (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist.

- ill, p. 516, June 1909) may be rearranged as follows :—

. Flanks and thighs strongly suffused with orange-buff.

a, Belly clay-colour s deel sas dear eee yak eee P. cepapi.

b, Belliy-wrlithesgoitc iss «igh Seco eae ee P. ¢, sind.

B. Flanks and thighs not, or only slightly, suffused with

orange-buff.

a. Shoulder-patches red. Feet buffy

b. Shoulder-patches absent or inconspicuous. Feet grey

Or greyisa”™.:; SH. vis 82 sods BS ha ea ae P. cc. yulet.

Mammals from Northern Rhodesia. 105

32. Graphturus microtis, Noack.

3. 308, 315, 3854, 374, 377, 378, 388, 390, 396; 2. 37,

168, 214, 215, 218, 225, 246, 258, 267, 293, 295, 304, 309,

340, 347, 367, 369, 370, 371, 379, 380, 384, 385, 387.

N’dola.

9. 30. Monze.

33. Graphiurus sp.

9. 269, 270, 271, 355, 389. N’dola.

34. Taterona nyase, Wrought.

359. Loangwa Valley, N. Rhodesia.

35. Taterona lobengule, de Wint.

o. 42, 44, 80,94; 9. 32, 33,96. Monze.

36. Taterona lobengule ndolw, subsp. n.

3. 158, 159, 175, 255, 275, 316, 317, 321, 322, 338, 362;

@?. 157, 162, 189, 265, 274, 276, 326, 327, 365. N7dola.

A local form of 7’ lobengule, de Wint., with a small hind

foot.

Darker than the typical form and than 7. /. grigue and

T. l. bechuane, but not quite so dark as, and less rufous

in colour than, Z’. 1. mashone. Incisors with well-marked

grooves.

Type. Adult female. B.M. no, 20, 11. 8.143. Original

number 189, Collected on 8th June, 1919, by Capt. G. C.

Shortridge.

Type-locality. N’dola, N. Rhodesia, 12° 50!’ S., 28° 40! E.

There are specimens in the British Museum Collection from

the Katanga District, Belgian Congo, which may be referred

to this form.

Dimensions of the type :—

Head and body 142 mm.; tail 180; hind foot 32;

ear 21.

Skull: greatest length 40; condylo-incisive length 37°5;

bulle 10°5; distance between anterior and posterior palatal

foramina 4.

The average measurements of twelve adult specimens are :—

Head and body 131 mm,; tail 151; hind foot 317;

ear 20,

106 Mr. P. S. Kershaw on

The whole series is very uniform in colour. Specimens

from the country between Lake Bangweolo and the River

Lualaba differ not at all from the N’dola animals.

37. Taterona liodon, Thos.

. 3. 91, 93, 94, 150, 251; 9. 90, 92, 130, 160, 252, 302.

*dola.

A comparison of the type-specimen of 7. neavei, Wrought.*,

with these specimens leaves no room for doubt that 7’. neavet

is an immature 7’, liodon.

38. Taterona (Gerbilliscus) boehmt, Noack.

3. 88, 148, 149, 299; 9. 103, 140, 298. N’dola.

39. Dendromus jamesoni, Wrought.

3. 366, 401; 2. 394,431. N’dola.

I cannot detect any points of difference between nos. 366

and 401 and the Dendromus from the N.E. Transvaal. In

the other two specimens the dorsal stripe is more or less

obsolescent.

40. Dendromus (Poemys) nigrifrons, True.

3. 74, 99,101,170; 9. 89, 95, 100, 104. N’dola.

The type-locality of this species is Kilimanjaro, and the

range seems to be very extensive. South of the Zambesi it

is replaced by D. n. volturnus, Thos.

41. Steatomys pratensis, Pet.

3. 84, 98, 116, 117, 118, 143, 144, 185,188; 2. 31,75,

82, 85, 87, 141, 142, 145. N’dola.

3. 34, 66, 67, 74, 76, 78, 84, 87, 88, 95, 98, 99, 100, 101,

106,107; 2. 46, 77, 79, 85, 86, 89. Monze.

42. Rattus rattus alexandrinus, Geoff.

3.3, 9, 403, 485; ¢. 219, 220, 221, 222, 223, 484.

N’dola.

43. Rattus rattus frugivorus, Raf.

3. 20,482; 9. 5,7, 8,483. N’dola.

* Mem. & Proc. Manchester Lit. & Phil. Soc, vol. li. (1907), no. 5,

p. 18.

Mammals from Northern Rhodesia. 107

44. Rattus (dithomys) walambe, Wrought.

d. 124, 244, 264, 325, 479; 9. 59, 61, 125, 139, 245,

280. N’dola.

45, Rattus (Mastomys) coucha microdon, Pet.

d. 42, 45, 67, 174, 196, 198, 199, 201, 203, 216, 228,

242, 257, 273, 319, 402, 475; ?. 46, 193, 197, 272, 282,

289, 350, 351, 352, 353, 420,477. N’dola.

fo. 3, 5, 17, 35, 39, 46, 53, 58, 62, 81,97,102; ¢. 6,11,

18, 41, 45, 48, 55, 57, 59, 63, 64, 65, 71, 72, 73, 83, 90, 91,

92, 93, 104, 105. Monze.

46. Leggada bella marica, Thos.

3. 34, 172, 173, 232, 283, 284, 286, 320, 346, 429, 480;

3. 15, 33, 231, 247, 329, 419, 502. N’dola.

47. Zelotomys shortridgei, Hint.

d. 47, 301, 392; 2. 48, 248, 336 (type-specimen).

N’dola.

48. Cricetomys gambianus viator, Thos.

d. 474; 2. 305,490. N’dola.

‘These do not appear to differ trom the Nyasaland form.

49. Saccostomus campestris, Pet.

$. 109, 110, 111, 113, 161, 176; ¢. 69, 114, 182.

N’dola.

50. Acomys selousi, de Wint.

3. 235, 294, 324, 333; 9. 382, 372. N’dola.

1 have compared these with the type-specimen of the

species, with which they agree in every particular, The

type-locality— Essex Vale, near Bulawayo—is 500 miles

away. ‘lhe species appears to be widely spread. It occurs

all over Rhodesia.

The description of the new spiny mouse from Lower

Egypt above referred to is as follows :—

Acomys sabryt, sp. n.

Size as in A. cahirinus, but in colour widely different.

108 Mr. P. S. Kershaw on

Smoky brown on the crest and down the back, drab on the

sides, and pure white below. <A spot of white at the base of

the ear and a ring of white hairs at the back of the ear.

Feet white. Tail rather longer than head and body, brown

above, white below.

Skull very much as in A. cahirinus, and differs from

A. witherbyi, de Wint., of the Sudan, by having a longer,

narrower rostrum and less heavy molar teeth.

Type-locality. Helwan, 10 miles south of Cairo. There

are other specimens in the British Museum Collection from

Giza Zoological Gardens.

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 22. 3.15.8. Original

number 4, Collected by Mahmoud Effendi Sabry on

16th May, 1921, and presented to the British Museum by

the Giza Zoological Museum.

Dimensions of the type (measured in the skin) :—

Head and body 126 mm. ; tail (mutilated) ; hind foot 18°5 ;

ear 18.

Skull: greatest length 29'4; condylo-incisive length 26°6 ;

breadth of brain-case 12°7 ; iength of nasals 11:0 ; greatest

breadth of nasals (about the centre) 2-4.

The following measurements of some younger specimens

show the relative lengths of body and tail :—

No. 2, 9. No. 6,3. No. 6, 9; NMor7iee

mm. mm mm, mm

Head and body .... 82 102 95 92

Pat wishs <2 seek ot 83 105 95 112

A. sabryi is undoubtedly connected with A. cahirinus, as

the cranial characters and the measurements prove. The

difference in colour may well be due to environment. One

specimen, B.M. no. 22. 3. 15. 6, shows a distinct approxima-

tion to the sooty colour of A. cahirinus. It is, perhaps,

better to treat A. sabryi—for the present, at any rate—as a full

species until its affinities with other species have been

established. Heuglin’s account of A. nubicus is too meagre

to be of any value. He gives as the type-locality “ Nubia

along the Nile,” and the dimensions as: head and body

111 mm., tail 118. He then merely adds that it is larger

and a paler. brown than <A. cinerascens. Specimens of

Acomys in the British Museum Collection from Merowe in

Nubia are remarkably like A. sabryi both in skull and colour.

On the other hand, a specimen from Kerma, at the third

cataract, is much more like A. witherbyi. At present there is

no material available for comparison in the British Museum

Mammals from Northern Rhodesia. 109

from the Nile Valley between Helwan and Kerma, a distance

of 800 miles. It will probably be found, however, that

Heuglin’s name will have to be dropped on grounds of

uncertainty.

A, dimidiatus, Cretzschm., from Sinai and Arabia, is a

larger, liglter-coloured animal, with a very long tail.

A, russatus egyptiacus, Bonh., from the Wadi Hof, near

Helwan, is a bright orange-coloured species.

This species is named after Mahmoud Effendi Sabry, in

the employment of the Egyptian Zoological Service, who

took a great deal of trouble in collecting the specimens.

51. Dasymys incomtus, Sund.

446. Imbo Junction, Luapula River, N. Rhodesia.

Collected by Mr. E. R. D. Hall.

52. Cryptomys mellandi, Thos,

g. 12, 13, 14, 21, 36, 54, 57, 147, 164, 260, 266, 476;

9. 32, 35, 39, 40, 51, 53, 236. N’dola.

53. Cryptomys whytei, Thos.

358. Loangwa Valley.

54. Lepus sp.

d. 473; 2. 19, 163, 503. N7’dola.

All young specimens.

55. Alcelaphus lichtensteini, Pet.

¢@. 462. Kalomo, N. Rhodesia.

3.461. Namwala, N. Rhodesia.

56. Damaliscus sp.

3. 507. N. Rhodesia.

57. Connochetes taurinus, Burch.

. 464. Kalomo.

. 465. Namwala.

Y 40

58. Cephalophus sylvicultrix, Afz.

3. 205, 206. N’dola

110

On Mammals from Northern Rhodesia.

59. Cephalophus grimmi, Linn.

439. N’dola.

60. Oreotragus oreotragus, Zimm.

428, Fort Jameson.

Oy Qy +0

61. Ourebia ourebi, Zimm.

. 289, 307, 310. Kalomo.

62. Raphiceros sharpei, Thos.

. 396. N?’dola.

63. Ledunca arundinum, Bodd.

. 471. Magoye.

64. Kobus ellipsiprymnus, Og.

. 460. Magoye.

. 451. Chambisti Stream.

65. Kobus (Onotragus) leche, Gray.

. 463. Namwala.

66. Kubus (Onotragus) robertst, Roths.

N’dola.

67. Kobus (Onotragus) smithmani, Lyd.

. 445. Lumpula River.

68. Kobus (Onotragus) sp.

. 444, Lumpula River.

69. Kobus (Adenota) vardoni, Liv.

. 3. N’dola.

. 447. Lufula River, N’dola subdistrict.

. 459, 501. Namwala.

70. Epyceros melampus, Licht.

. 214,458. Namwala.

On a curious Hermaphrodite Frog. 111

71. LHippotragus equinus, Desm.

fd. 505. N’dola.

3d. 456. Namwala.

72. Hippotragus niger, Harris.

506. N’dola.

3.466; 9. 467, Kalomo.

73. Tragelaphus scriptus subsp.

gd. 486,498; ¢. 499. N’dola.

74. Limnotragus spekei, Sclat.

3d. 508. Kative, near Abercorn.

75. Strepsiceros strepsiceros, Pall.

fg. 478. N’dola subdistrict.

76. Taurotragus oryx, Pall.

3. 496, 497.- N’dola.

9.449. Mwana Stream, N’dola subdistrict.

¢. 455. Namwala.

VIL.—A curious Case of a Hermaphrodite Frog.

By W. Haroip Leicu-Suarpe, M.Sc. (Lond.).

HERMAPHRODITISM in frogs is not uncommon, but that which

came under my notice during the first week in March 1922

from the London area, and is preserved in the biological

museum at St. Mary’s Medical School, Paddington, is of

special interest.

On the left side is a normal ovary—small, since it contains

only the eggs that would have been laid next year,

On the right side is a misshapen but fairly large testis,

capped at the anterior end by a minute ovary, containing ova

to be laid the following season, the testis also bearing all

along its outer border a small line of eggs. The usual vasa

eflerentia are present connecting the testis with the kidney.

Both oviducts are fully developed and their internal

112 On a curious Hermaphrodite Frog.

Hermaphrodite frog. P., pads on “thumbs”; 7., testis; N.Ov., normal

ovary; E.S., egg-sacs; K., kidney; Od., oviduct; 9O., internal

opening of oviduct from ceelom; Ur., ureter; S.V., seminal

vesicle; V.Z., vasa efferentia; Ov., ova along the edge of the

testis.

On new Species of non-marine Mollusca, 113

openings from the ccelom are open. ‘The egg-sacs are

pigmented, but the testis is not.

‘The mesonephric duct of the left side appears to function

as a ureter, while that on the right has its distal end slightly

dilated, suggesting the presence of a rudimentary seminal

vexicle.

The horny epidermal pads are strongly developed on both

“thumbs,” and densely black.

The eggs of the present season have been laid and fertilized,

and during the amplexus this animal conducted as a female.

I am unable to state whether in any previous or subsequent

amplexus it had or could conduct as a male, but from the

structural evidence it seems not impossible—nor even unlikely.

The chief point of interest is that though a testis is present

on one side only, the pads on the “ thumbs” (male, secondary

sexual characters) are developed on botl—a case in nature

parallel with Sir R. Owen’s classical experiment.

VII1.—Diagnoses of new Species of Non-marine Mollusca

from Portuguese South-east Africa. By M. Conno tty.

Fuuver particulars and illustrations of the shells described

below will be given in a more important treatise in the

Transactions of a learned Society, before which it was read

two years ago. However, the exorbitant cost of printing,

which has so seriously affected scientific publication through-

out the British Kmpire—although, judging from beautiful

works recently received, it has not been allowed to influence

the output in other countries—has delayed further progress

towards its appearance ; and, as some of these new species

have been distributed for several years under their manu-

script names, it seems advisable to publish them provisionally

in this little paper, pending the production of the larger

volume,

Gonazis cressyi, sp. n.

Shell very small, oval, narrowly rimate, smooth, thin,

glossy, transparent, pale olivaceous. Spire short, with

parallel sides,-axis almost straight, slightly bent backward

at the bluntly pointed apex, which is only just visible from

the front. Whorls 6, moderately convex, rapidly increasing

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. x. 8

1l4 Mr. M. Connolly on non-martine Mollusca

with very faint transverse striation on the later ones, show-

ing crenulation, under a lens, in the shallow sutures; the

last whorl less rounded than its predecessor, and almost flat,

receding somewhat towards the aperture in front. Aperture

quadrate, rounded at the base ; outer lip slightly receding ;

peristome white and shining, narrowly reflexed, columellar

margin more so; rima very small ; dentition none.

Long. 6°2; lat. 3°8 ; apert., alt. 2°2, lat. 2:0; last whorl

4°5 mim.

Type-locality. Mtisherra River Valley (B. Cressy).

Gonaxts (Eustreptaxis) vengoensis, sp. n.

Shell comparatively large, oval, rimate, thin, transparent,

olivaceous, sniooth and glossy in front, less so on back.

Spire produced, left side very convex, right nearly straight ;

apex roundly conoid. Whorls 63, rather flat, rapidly in-

creasing, the 1} apical microscopically malleate and faintly

spirally striate ; the next four covered with close, prominent,

oblique, transverse striz, with spiral pitting in the inter-

stices ; except immediately below the suture on the back of

the shell, the sculpture becomes very faint on the last whorl,

which is almost smooth, especially in front; suture simple,

shallow. Aperture quadrate, rounded at base; peristome

white, shining, slightly thickened ; columella straight, margin

moderately reflexed over the rima; callus and dentition none.

Long. 25°2; lat. 14°6; apert., alt. 8°8, lat. 8°6 ; last whorl

19°5 mm.

Type-locality. District 15 miles north of Macequece (B.

Cressy).

Gulella enneadon, sp. nD.

Shell rather small, tun-shaped, broadly rimate, thin,

transparent, faintly olivaceous vitreous, Spire produced,

sides nearly parallel, slightly convex; apex bluntly rounded.

Whorls 75, nearly flat, gradually increasing, the 2 apical

smooth, remainder covered with close fine striae, which are

only just visible without a lens; suture shallow. Aperture

nearly square, only slightly rounded at base, showing the

following nine-fold dental process :—a small sharp denticle

in the centre of the paries ; a large curved parietal plait on

its right ; a large bifid tooth halfway down the outer lip ;

two minute denticles between the last-mentioned and the

base ; a small sharp basal tooth; and a two-cusped fold in

the angle of the columella and paries; peristome shining,

white, reflexed ; rima circular.

Jvom Portuguese South-east Africa. 115

Long. 6°2; lat. 3°3 ; apert., alt. 1°7, lat. 1°2; last whorl

375 mm.

Type-locality. District north of Macequece (B. Cressy).

Gulella prelonga, sp. u.

Shell elongate, cylindrical, rimate, somewhat calcined in

the type, but normally thin, pale olivaceous, semi-trans-

parent, with a silky sheen. Spire much produced, sides

almost parallel, apex rounded to a blunt point. Whorls

74, flattish, gradually and regularly increasing, the apical

smooth, remainder covered with close, regular, almost

straight, transverse striz, which extend into the sutures and

are just visible without a lens; suture shallow, but well-

defined. Aperture subquadrate, only slightly rounded at

base ; peristome white, very narrowly reflexed; columellar

margin more broadly so, almost concealing the rima. Dental

processes three: an inconspicuous columellar fold or swelling ;

a small parietal plait, starting at the junction of the outer

lip and paries and only receding an extremely short distance

within the shell; and a very small single deuticle, corre-

sponding to a hardly noticeable external depression halfway

down the outer lip.

Long. 8°8 ; lat. 3°5 ; apert., alt. 2°0, lat. 2-0; last whorl

4°] mm.

Type-locality. Mount Vengo, Macequece District (B.

Cressy).

Gulella tristaoensis, sp. u.

Shell small, rimate, cylindrical, rather thin, moderately

glossy, transpareut, pale olivaceous. Spire produced, sides

parallel, apex bluntly rounded. Whorls 7, somewhat convex,

gradually increasing, the last exceeding half the length of

the shell ; the first 2 smooth and shining, remainder covered

with close, prominent, regular, nearly straight, transverse

striz ; suture well defined. Aperture nearly circular, outer

lip somewhat bowed outward immediately below the suture ;

columella almost straight ; peristome white, shining, re-

flexed; dental processes three: a moderate-sized, almost

straight, parietal plait, not reaching far within the shell ; a

small sharp tooth on the slight sinuosity of the outer lip

aud a blunt fold on the columella, some distance within the

aperture.

Long. 5°3 ; lat. 2°3; last whorl 2°8 mm.

Type-locality. District north of Macequece (B. Cressy).

116 Mr. M. Connolly on non-marine Mollusca

Sitala diaphana, sp. n.

Shell small, imperforate, globose-conic, very thin, trans-

parent, smooth, shining, pale yellow-corneous. Spire

somewhat elevated, sides regular, meeting at an angle of

about 80°; apex pointed. Whorls 5, rapidly increasing,

rounded, with very slight peripheral carination ; covered on

both sides and almost to the apex with very faint, irregular,

straight, transverse striz, which are only visible under a

lens, and microscopic, close, spiral striz, allowing the sur-

face to appear smooth and polished to the naked eye; suture

simple, well defined. Aperture rounded-lunate; peristome

simple, acute; columella short and straight, upper margin

very narrowly, solidly reflexed ; callus none.

Diam. maj. 4°2, min. 3°8; alt. 4°0; apert., alt. 2°0, lat.

2°2 mm.

Type-locality. District north of Macequece (B. Cressy).

Trachycystis ambigua, sp. u.

Shell small, rimate, subconic-globose, very thin, trans-

lucent, rather dull, carneo-corneous. Spire a little elevated,

apical angle about 95°; apex pointed. Whorls 5, rounded,

with faint peripheral carination, rapidly increasing, the

apical smoothly punctate, remainder covered on both sides

with extremely close, straight, transverse, microscopic strie,

with spiral sculpture commencing on the 4th and stronger,

crossing the transverse striz, on the 5th whorl; suture

simple, moderately impressed. Aperture nearly semi-lunar ;

peristome simple, acute ; columella very short, margin very

narrowly reflexed, but almost covering the minute rima.

Diam. maj. 4°5, min. 4°0; alt. 3°7; apert., alt. 2°5, lat.

2°1 mm.

Type-locality. Head-waters of R. Inyamkarrara, 4500 ft.

(B. Cressy).

Trachcystis sericea, sp. n.

Shell small, umbilicate, subglobose, rather thin, trans-

lucent, dark reddish corneous with a silky sheen. Spire

slightly raised, apex bluntly rounded. Whorls 5, very

round, rather gradually increasing, the apical half-whorl

smooth, remainder prettily sculptured with very close,

slightly curved, regular, prominent, transverse striz, clearly

visible without a lens, between each of which are 3 or 4

wicroscopic transverse striz. the whole imparting a silky

from Portuguese South-east Africa, 117

lustre to the shell ; suture simple, deep. Aperture rounded-

lunate ; peristome thin, simple; columella short, upper

margin narrowly reflexed, but not concealing the very

narrow, though deep, umbilicus.

Diam. maj. 3°9, min, 3°5; alt. 3°25 apert., alt, 2-1, lat

17 mm,

Type-locality. District 16 miles north of Macequece,

4500 ft. (B. Cressy).

Nore.—The sculpture of the seven minute species which

follow is described subject to a magnification of about 50.

Trachycystis medowelli, sp. n.

Shell very small, depressed, circular, umbilicate, thin,

silky, translucent, corneous. Spire almost flat. Whorls 4},

rounded, slowly and regularly increasing ; protoconch faintly

microscopically punctate, showing traces of transverse stria-

tion after the first whorl ; remaining whorls covered with

very close, clear, nearly straight, transverse, microscopic

striz ; suture narrow, but well-defined. Aperture lunate ;

peristome simple, acute ; umbilicus rather narrow, extending

to the summit and just exposing all the whorls.

Diam. maj. 1'7, min. 1°5; alt. circa 0°8 mm.

Type-locality. Maforga Siding, B. & M. Railway (B. F.

McDowell).

Trachycystis rudicostata, sp. n.

Shell minute, umbilicate, nearly flat, thin, transparent,

pale corneous. Spire but little raised, apex submamillate.

Whorls 34, convex, rather rapidly increasing, the apical 1}

microscopically punctate and clearly, closely, spirally striate ;

remainder sculptured on both sides with prominent, raised,

curved, oblique, transverse lire, increasing in distance toward

the aperture aud becoming lamelliform on the periphery ;

between each of these are very close transverse, crossed by

equally close spiral, striz ; suture simple, deep. Aperture

nearly circular; peristome simple, columellar margin not

reflexed, umbilicus wide and deep, extending to the summit

and exposing all the whorls.

Diam. maj. 1°8, min. 1°6; alt. circa 0-9 mm.

Type-localily. Dargle, Natal (H. C. Burnup): also found

on Mt. Vengo, Macequece (L. Cressy).

118 Mr. M. Connolly on non-marine Mollusca

Trachycystis soror, sp. 0.

Shell minute, depressed, conic-globose, umbilicate, thin,

pellucid, pale corneous. Spire somewhat raised, apex rounded.

Whorls 34, regularly, but not very rapidly, increasing ; proto-

conch rather indistinctly microscopically punctate for half a

whorl, and then showing rather distant radial striz, corre-

sponding to the lamelle on the later whorls, which are

sculptured with transverse lamellz, of which there are about

20 on the last whorl, where they are from *12 to *15 mm.

apart, interspersed with rather fine, irregular transverse,

crossed by very fine spiral, striz; suture well-defined.

Aperture rounded-lunate ; peristome simple, acute; umbilicus

rather wide, extending to the summit and exposing all the

whorls.

Diam. maj. 1°5, min. 1°3 mm. ; alt. circa 0°8 mm.

Type-locality. Mount Vengo, 5500 ft. (B. Cressy).

Trachycystis pura, sp. 0.

Shell minute, depressed circular, umbilicate, thin, milky-

translucent. Spire nearly flat. Whorls 34, slowly and

regularly increasing, covered all over with close, strong,

regular, nearly straight, transverse striz, which are about

‘025 mm. apart on the last whorl, but closer together

towards the apex, except on the first half of the first whorl,

where they are slightly more distant than on the second

half; protoconch furnished with almost invisible spiral striz,

which also occur round the umbilicus; suture narrow, but

well defined. Aperture rounded-lunate ; peristome simple,

acute ; umbilicus rather wide, extending to the summit and

exposing all the whorls.

Diam. maj. 1°2, min. 1:05; alt. O°7 mm.

Type-locality. Mount Vengo, 5500 ft. (. Cressy).

Trachycyslis vengoensis, sp. n.

Shell minute, umbilicate, depressed-globose, thin, trans-

lucent, reddish corneous. Spire nearly flat, each whorl just

showing above the next. Whorls 34, rounded, gradually

increasing, protoconch microscopically reticularly punctate,

remainder covered on both sides with microscopic, close,

straight, regular, transverse striz, crossed by almost invisible

spiral striation round the umbilicus; suture simple, deep.

Aperture rounded-lunate; peristome thin, simple ; columellar

from Portuguese South-east Africa. 119

margin not reflexed, umbilicus not wide, but deep, extending

to the summit and disclosing all the whorls.

Diam. maj. 1°45, min. 1°35 ; alt. 0-4 mm.

Type-locality. Mount Vengo, 5500 ft. (B. Cressy).

Punctum pallidum, sp. n.

Shell minute, depressed globose, umbilicate, thin, glossy,

pellucid, whitish corneous. Spire not much raised, apex

smoothly convex. Whorls 4, slowly and regularly increas-

ing, protoconch with microscopic spial striz, of which about

14 are visible on the upper exposed portion ; remainder of

shell covered with narrow, but well-defined, slightly oblique

transverse striz, about 0°03 mm. apart on the last whorl,

interspersed with finer ones, which are crossed by fine spiral

strie, the latter best developed near the umbilicus ; suture

shallow, somewhat margined. Aperture lunate ; peristome

simple, acute ; umbilicus not wide, but deep, extending to

the summit and just exposing all the whorls.

Diam. maj. 1°2, min. 1*1; alt. 0O°4 mm.

Type-locality. Mouut Vengo, 5500 ft. (B. Cressy).

Nesopupa bandulana, sp. n.

Shell minute, ovate, rimate, thin, smooth, glossy, semi-

transparent, dark corneous-brown, Spire moderately pro-

duced, sides convex, apex rounded. Whorls 44, moderately

convex ; apex faintly microscopically punctate, later whorls

sculptured with the same faint punctation and very faint,

comparatively distant, slightly oblique, transverse striz,

hardly apparent under 50-fold magnification ; suture simple,

shallow. Aperture quadrate, narrowing and rounded at the

base, with a pronounced sinus at the top of the outer lip;

peristome white, very slightly thickened ; columellar margin

a little reflexed ; dental processes six: a deep-set, inrunning,

mid-parietal plait; a smaller one, a little nearer the surface,

halfway between the last-mentioned and the outer lip ;

three rather deep-set, equidistant, basal denticles, and an

equally deep-set horizontal lamella on the columella. Rima

of moderate size.

Long. 1°5 ; diam. maj. 1°0 mm.

Type-locality. Near Bandula Siding, B. & M. Railway

(B. F. McDowell).

120 Mr. M, Connolly on non-marine Mollusca

Edouardia junodi, sp. n.

Shell rather small, broadly conoid, umbilicate, thin, shin-

ing, yellowish corneous. Spire moderately elevated, with

straight sides meeting at an angle of 80° ; apex mamillate.

Whorls 5, regularly and rather rapidly increasing, very

convex, the last rounded with only the faintest appearance

of carination ; apex practically smooth, remaining whorls

sculptured with faint, close, regular, transverse striz, hardly

visible without a lens ; suture impressed. Aperture nearly

circular, descending a little when viewed from the front ;

peristome simple, acute ; outer lip straight, hardly receding

at all toward the base ; columella rather concave, margin

somewhat broadly triangularly reflexed, concealing from

the front, but not covering, the round umbilicus, which is

narrow, but very deep, extending to the summit.

Alt. 10°8 ; lat. 10°2 ; apert., alt. 6°6, lat. 5-0; last whorl

85 mm.

Type-locality. Lebombo Mountains (H. A. Junod).

Opeas vengoense, sp. 0.

Shell very small, elongate-fusiform, imperforate, thin,

smooth, shining, transparent, very pale olivaceous-vitreous.

Spire produced, sides regular, apex rounded. Whorls 53,

flattish, rapidly increasing, the first smooth, second micro-

scopically very faintly, rather distantly, vertically striate ; _

remainder covered with fine, regular, somewhat oblique,

curved, transverse striz, which are only visible under a lens ;

suture simple and shallow, but well-detined. Aperture elon-

gate, acuminate-ovate, rounded at base ; peristome simple,

acute; outer lip slightly bowed forward; columella weak,

concave, adnately thickened, but not truncate.

Long. 6°3, lat. 1°7; apert., alt. 1°8, lat. 0°7; last whorl

3°6 mm.

Type-locality. Mount Vengo, 5500 ft. (B. Cressy).

Opeas cressyi, sp. 0.

Shell small, elongate-fusiform, imperforate, thin, shining,

transparent, pale olivaceous-vitreous, Spire produced, sides

gradually and regularly tapering, apex rounded. Whorls 7,

rather convex, regularly and rather rapidly increasing, the

first 2 faintly microscopically punctate, remainder covered

with close, clear, regular, curved, transverse striz, visible to the

Srom Portuguese South-east Africa. 121

naked eye; suture simple, somewhat oblique, pronounced,

but not deep. Aperture elongate, acuminate-ovate ; peri-

stome thin, simple ; outer lip a little curved outward, well

arcuate forward below the suture, receding more gradually

to the base ; columella weak, concave, almost imperceptibly

truncate,

Long. 10°8, lat. 2°8; apert., alt. 3°3, lat. 1:2; last whorl

5°7 mm.

Type-locality. District north of Macequece (B. Cressy).

Auriculastra acuta, sp. n.

Shell of fair size, fusiform, imperforate, rather solid,

bleached white and dull in the type, but probably glossy and

creamy-olivaceous in fresh condition. Spire somewhat pro-

duced, with straight sides meeting at an angle of about 48° ;

apex acute. Whorls 7, almost flat, regularly increasing,

each being about one-third greater in altitude than its pre-

decessor, sculptured with very faint, close, regular, almost

straight, transverse striz ; suture extremely shallow, strongly

margined below. Aperture inverse elongate-auriform, very

acute at apex and narrowly rounded at base; outer lip

simple, blunt, gently outcurved, straight in profile; colu-

mella calloused, short and straight, furnished with two

deeply inrunning folds, of which the upper is by far the

most prominent.

Long. 17°8, lat. 8°0 ; apert., alt. 10°3, lat. 2°7; last whorl

13°3 mm.

Type-locality. Estuary of Nkomati River, Rikatla (H. A.

Junod),

Hippeutis junodi, sp. n.

Shell small, discoid, umbilicate, thin, smooth, shining,

semi-transparent, reddish corneous. Spire much impressed.

Whorls 4, rapidly increasing, each rising considerably above

its predecessor, the last, which comprises practically the

whole shell, rounded and convex above, sloping somewhat

abruptly downward to the roundly-keeled base, slightly

coneave beneath ; microscopically sculptured on both sides

with close transverse striz of irregular prominence, undu-

lating with the curves of the outer lip ; suture impressed,

Aperture barbate, pointing slightly downward in profile,

squarely guadrate from beneath ; peristome thin, simple,

the curve of the outer lip at first receding infinitesimally,

then advancing slightly and receding rapidly above, almost

122 Prof. E. Linnberg and Mr. H. Rendahl on

straight beneath and not extending into the umbilicus,

which is not wide, but deep, extending to the apex and

hardly disclosing all the whorls.

Diam. maj. 5°3, min. 4°7; alt. 1°55 apert., alt. 1°5, lat.

2°4 mm,

Type-locality. Nwambukoto, Rikatla (H. A. Junod).

Assiminia leptodonta, sp. n.

Shell very small, broadly ovate, imperforate, solid, shin-

ing, translucent, darkish brown. Spire moderately produced,

with straight sides meeting at an angle of about 50°; apex

acute. Whorls 6, almost flat above, but well rounded at the

periphery and very rapidly increasing ; the apical 14 micro-

scopically punctate, later whorls sculptured with very faint,

straight, slightly irregular striz or growth-lines, only visible

under a strong lens, crossed by much finer, extremely close,

microscopic, spiral striz; suture flat, broadly and very

strongly margined below. Aperture subovate, somewhat

flattened at the base; peristome simple, acute; outer lip

straight in profile and hardly receding ; columella white,

slightly concave, margin narrowly adnate ; callus white and

thin.

Alt. 5°2, lat. 3°45; apert., alt. 3:0, lat. 2°0; last whorl

4-2 mm.

Type-locality. Estuary of the Nkomati River, Rikatla

(7H. A. Junod).

1X.—Some new Silurids from the Congo.

By Ernar LONNBERG and H1ALMAR RENDAHL.

Tue Silurids described below belong to the R. Nat. Hist.

Museum in Stockholm.

Clarias luale, sp. n.

Depth of body about 9 times in total length, length of head

42 times. Head 13-1} times as long as broad, granular

above. Occipital process angular. Fontanelles large ; the

frontal one has a rather peculiar shape, which is elucidated

by the accompanying figure (fig. 1). Its anterior greater

and somewhat blade-shaped portion partly divided from the

posterior somewhat rounded portion by a pair of lateral

processes. The occipital fontanelle is almost oviform and

some new Silurids from the Congo. 123

extends broadly into the occipital process. Eye small, about

4} times in snout and abont 64 times in interorbital width.

Width of mouth about equal to interorbital width. Vomerine

teeth conical, forming a crescentic band, which is nearly as

broad as the premaxillary band, which is about 5 times as

long as broad. Nasal barbel from § to % length of head ;

maxillary barbel not quite as long as head, reaching to tip

of pectoral spine. Outer mandibular barbel about } and the

inner about 4 length of head, 11 gill-rakers on anterior

areh, Clavicles not exposed. Dorsal 72, its distance from

Fig. 1.

Head of Clarias luale. Nat. size,

the occipital process a little more than half the length of the

head, its distance from caudal less than diameter of eye.

Anal about 60, its distance from caudal less than diameter of

eye. Pectoral about half as long as head; the spine 4

tie length of the head, serrated in tront. Ventrals not quite

14 as distant from caudal as from end of snout. Caudal

avout 3 of length of head. General colour blackish brown

above, not much paler below; all barbels black.

Two specimens, respectively 204 and 207 mm. Both from

Luala River, a tributary of the Congo, near Kinkengi, Lower

Congo. Collected by the Swedish missionary, Mr. Bérrisson.

Clarias brevinuchalis, sp. n.

A species belonging to the same group as C, liberiensis,

Steindachner, but differing from the same by the short

distance between the occipital spine and the origin of the

dorsal, the quite different position and shape of the

foutanelles, ete,

124 Prof. BE. Lénunberg and Mr. Tf. Rendahl on

Length of head a little more than 34 times in total length.

Head a little more than 14 times as long as broad, covered

by a soft skin, so that the fine granulations are not very

conspicuous. Occipital process broadly and bluntly angular.

Frontal fontanelle broadly sole-shaped, its width being con-

tained 2} times in its length ; its anterior end ona level with

the centre of the eyes ; its length 6} times in the length of

head. Occipital fontanelle entirely in advance of the

occipital process, its breadth contained 14 in its length, and

its length 9% times in length of head. Kye very small, its

diameter 4} times in length of snout, about 6 times in inter-

orbital width, which is contained 22 times in length of head.

Head of Clarias brevinuchalis. Nat. size.

Band of premaxillary teeth 4} times as long as broad.

Vomerine teeth granular, forming a crescentic band as broad

as premaxillary band. Nasal barbel about 4 length of head.

Maxillary barbel reaching tip of pectoral spine or beyond.

Outer mandibular barbel a little longer than head, inner

mandibular barbel about as long as nasal barbel. Gill-rakers

rather Jong, 22 on the first arch. Clavicles concealed under

the skin. Dorsal 78, its distance from occipital process } of

the length of head, almost in contact with caudal behind.

Anal about 55, almost in contact with caudal. Pectoral

spine rather strongly serrated on the inner side, while the

outer one may hardly be termed anything but granular.

Length of pectoral fin about equal to half the length of the

head. Pectoral spine 1,’ times in length of head. Distance

some new Silurids from the Congo. 125

between snout and base of ventral contained nearly 14 times

in distance between base of ventral and caudal.

One specimen, 200 mm., collected in Upper Congo by

Capt. E. Arrhenius,

Clarias notozygurus, sp. n.

Depth of body about 64 times in total length, length of

head 32 times in total length. Width of head 4 of its length,

its upper surface coarsely granulate ; occipital process

angular. Frontal fontanelle knife-shaped, 5 times as long as

broad, its length about 44 times in length of head ; occipital

Head of Clarias notozygurus. % nat. size,

fontanelle well in advance of occipital process, elliptical

about as long as diameter of eye. Diameter of eye 74 times

in interorbital width, which is contained not quite 24 times

in length of head. Band of premaxillary teeth 64 times as

long as broad. Vomerine teeth granular, forming a crescentic

band which is a little broader than the premaxillary band,

Nasal barbel about 2? length of head. Maxillary barbel a

126 On some new Silurids from the Congo.

little shorter than head, reaching to outer third of pectoral

spine. Outer mandibular barbel nearly $ length of head,

inner about 4. Gill-rakers closely set, 90 on first arch.

Clavicles hidden. Dorsal at its posterior end completely

confluent with the caudal, the number of rays about 68.

Anal with approximately 50 rays, ending at a distance

equalling 14 diameters of eye from the root of the caudal.

Pectoral fin about 4 length of head, the spine crenulated

along the outer border of the basal half, about 2 length of

head. Ventral about 1} as distant from root of caudal as

Fig. 4.

Posterior end of Clarias notozygurus, to show relation between caudal

and resp. dorsal and anal fins. 3 nat. size.

from end of snout. Caudal about } length of head. Dark

olive-brown, probably whitish below. Barbels dark, but

bases of mandibular barbels pale.

One specimen, 730 mm., from Lukosi, a tributary to

Luala, Lower Congo, where it has been collected by the

Swedish missionary, Mr. Bérrisson.

Eutropius bome, sp. n.

A species belonging to the same group as &. /iberiensis,

Hubrecht, but differing from the same by its much smaller

eyes, greater depth of body, different position of dorsal fin, etc.

Depth of body 34 times in total length, length of head

5 times. Head a little more than 14 times as long as broad.

Snout broad, slightly projecting beyond mouth, a little more

than 13 as long as eye, which is perfectly lateral. Kye

nearly 5 times in length of head, 23 in interocular width.

Width of mouth nearly equal to interocular width, Vomero-

On Lectotypes of typical Australian Marsupials, 127

palatine teeth forming an uninterrupted band, which is some-

what broader than that of the premaxillary. Nasal barbel

not quite 14 as long as diameter of eye. Maxillary barbel

1} times in length of head. Outer mandibular barbel twice

in head. Inner mandibular 5 times in head. Gill-rakers

rather short, widely set, 4+ 8, on anterior arch. Dorsal I 6,

almost entirely in advance of the ventral, its distance from

end of snout 3 of its distance from the base of caudal.

Dorsal spine rather slender, its upper fourth feebly serrated

behind (8 small teeth in the type); its length is contained

1} times in length of head. Anal 50, four anterior rays

simple, the following gradually decreasing in length. Pectoral

reaching ventral. ‘The spine moderately serrated on the

inner side, a little broader and somewhat longer than the

dorsal one. Caudal deeply torked, with pointed lobes,

Caudal peduncle only a little longer than deep. Silvery, pale

brownish above, the blotch above the pectoral rather diffuse.

One specimen, 295 mm, (including caudal). Boma, Lower

Congo, collected by Capt. C. J. Ekblom.

X.—A Selection of Lectotypes of the typical Australian

Marsupials in the British Museum Collection. By OLDFIELD

‘THOMAS.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

THE selection of lectotypes of the Australian rodents in the

British Museum having already, even in the short time that

las elapsed since it was done, proved of much convenience

and benefit in working at them, 1 propose now to do the

sume with the marsupials.

It was Gould’s habit, when describing members of that

favourite group of his, the kangaroos, to describe the species

from both male and temale—these, therefore, being the co-

types. And Gray, in less formal fashion, but with the same

result, described many species on co-types instead of single

specimens, so that a good many of the described forms need

a selection of their lectotypes.

The co-types lave all been recorded as such in the ‘ Cata-

logue of Marsupials,’ and it has seemed convenient, in doing

the selection, to muke a reference in each case to the proper

128 On Lectotypes of typical Australian Marsupials.

page of that work and to the letter there distinguishing the

specimens selected.

Whether considered valid or not, forms described on co-

types have had their lectotypes selected. References to the

names can easily be found by consulting the Catalogue.

Lectotype : letter, sex

Page. Heme, aid eye no.

18. Macropus ocydromus, Gould .... ..... ke oo. 44.7.2.1

22 antilomnus, GIds ... 6.06 wp aed. ob @) Oe A2. 2608

24, —— robustess, GIG... 0. be o's tema ale Sige a. o. 41.1099.

Sie , AEs a apaes sony pcp ame! @ 6. 43.1442,

44, i apeles, Gla! 4S an A le f*. 3g. 44. 2.165, 2.

47, = corey Gre | gia. LO, a o. 66.4, 23.1.

57. —— houtmannt, Gld. .......6. 866.005 lt. 6. 44.2. 15.10.

(62 brevicaudatus, Gr.t.)

66. Petrogale vanthopus, Gr. .......6..60. a, .d» 00,4, sean

69. opal ASTON ORs bret ee b 6g. 42.5. 26.3.

70. brachyotis; Gid., icf 8 On a. -3. 4. We2:

81. Lagorchestes conspicillatus, Gld.[ ...... & . 9. 41.10.12. 7

St. daporotdes, Gd. sz 84 < abs = Os sheen b&. 9. 41,1128.

102. Lagostrophus albipilis, Gid.....6...405% a. of. 44.9. 30. 2.

124, Hypsiprymnodon nudicaudatus, Owen .. c. @. 78.1.12.2.

138. Acrobates pygmeus, Shaw ............ d. . 83.3, fen.

147, Dromicta concinna, Gld. .............. é. 6. 4iioomen

Lbi. Petamrus arith, Call. -idevan meas ex sn a. 9. 42.5.26,1

200. Phalanger m. ochropus, Gr. ............ y. Q. 66.4, 23.4

248. Perameles fasciata, Gr........0.000-4-- a. 41. 1178..

291. Phascogale unicolor, Gid.§ ............ “4. 6.» DS. Liigeee

303. Sminthopsis ferrugineifrons, Gld.§...... a 6. 5411.19.38.

* T include this here because specimens f and y are called co-types in.

the Catalogue, But fis really the type (holotype), as no other specimen

is referred to in the original description. This male was lent for descrip-

tion to Gould by Sir J. Richardson, and then transferred to the Museum

at the same time as a number of Gould specimens.

+ Specimens 4 and ¢ are stated in the Catalogue to be co-types of

Gray’s Halmaturus brevicaudatus; but on the first appearance of the

name-——in 1838—it would appear to have been an accidental renaming of

Quoy and Gaimard’s Kangurus brachyurus, so that the Museum specimens

would not have been co-types of it.

t Really the type, the original description containing no reference to

Mr. Bynoe’s specimen a, wrongly called co-type in the Catalogue.

§ The typical specimens of “ Antechinus” unicolor and ferrugineifrons

were collected by a Mr. Pamplin, who was also the captor of the Pseudo-

mys australis oralis described by me in the ‘Annals’ for December

1921. Although the exact locality was not recorded for any of them,

it seems probable that they were all from one region—namely, the coast

district to the north of Sydney—for reasons indicated in my description

of the rat. It appears to be not improbable that both the marsupials

represent valid (though possibly exterminated) local races of the species

to which I referred them in 1888.

On a new Subspecies of Zaglossus. 129

XI.—On a new Subspecies of Zaglossus, with Remarks on

other Species of the Genus. By OLprieLtp ‘THOMAS and

Lord Roruscuip.

IN company with the mammals obtained in North-eastern

New Guinea, in the region of the Saruwaged and Rawlinson

Mountains, by the Dutch missionary Mr. C. Keysser, of

which an account is given by Thomas in the ‘ Annals? for

June 1922, there are four specimens of the rare and interesting

animals referable to the genus Zaglossus.

In a paper* on the members of this genus, published in

1912, Mr. Glover Allen has expressed the opinion that all are

referable to a single species, the variation in their characters

being so great that no specific or subspecific forms can be

considered as tenable. Many of the points in this paper were

dealt with by Rothschild in 1913 f.

In exactly the opposite direction, Dr. C. Kerbert, of

Amsterdam, has not only recognized f, as we should do, that

there are several tenable forms of the (usually) three-clawed

Zag/ossi of western New Guinea, but he has founded a new

geuus—Prozaglossus—for the tive-clawed Z. bartoni of the

eastern part of the island.

While Dr. Kerbert has undoubtedly got the juster view of

the case—for the lumping of the whole of the genus into one

species is obviously unjustifiable—we are not prepared to

recognize the genus Prozaglossus as valid; for though it is

true that every known specimen of bartoni is five-clawed §,

yet there is too much variation in the presence or absence of

claws external and additional to the three central ones

of bruijnit for their number to be considered as a generic

character by itself,

Both Prof. Weber and Mr. Allen have recorded a number

of variations in the claws, and to make this the basis of a

generic division, in the entire absence of any cranial cha-

racters, would not, in our opinion, be at all advisable. No

doubt Z, bartoni is quite a good species, and of this we now

think we should make a special subspecies for the form

Which inhabits the Rawlinson Mountain region :—

Zaglossus bartoni clunius, subsp. n.

Similar to true bartont in the presence of five claws on all

* Mem. Mus. Harvard, xl. no. 5, p. 253 (1912).

t Nov. Zool. xx. p. 188 (1913).

t Zool. Anzeiger, xlii. p. 162 (1913).

§ Unless the “ twijfelachtig soort” described in 1888 by Prof. Weber

is a bartoni with one hind claw missing, as is not impossible (“ Over een

nieuwe svort yan Proechidna,” Mededeelingen over Zoogdieren, Austerdam,

1583).

Ann. & May. N. List. Ser. 9. Vol. x. 9

130 Mr. O. Thomas and Lord Rothschild on a

the feet, in the long thick black fur (which nearly or quite

hides the spines), in the thickly clothed spineless under

surface, and in the uniform whiteness of the spines. But the

size is less, as is shown by the skull-measurements, the brain-

case shorter and narrower, and the rostrum proportionately

and markedly more slender, its breadth at 40 mm. from

the tip 10 mm. in the largest specimen, as compared with

13 mm, in the type of barton, and 12°38 mm. at 70 mm, from

the tip as compared with 15°2 mm. All the four available

specimens, representing both sexes, agree in the proportions

of the skull and the peculiar slenderness of the snout.

Of the following skull-measurements, the first in each case

is that of the type of clundus and the second that of the type of

barton?, and these will show the differences between the two

forms :—

Total length 183, 184 mm.; basal length 171,174; breadth

of brain-case 54, 59°5; muzzle from level of lacrymal canal

117, 115 ; gnathion to back of palatal bones 160, 161; ante-

rior root of zygoma to bick of palatal bones 44, 49°5; least

interorbital breadth 17°5, 20.

Hab. N.E. New Guinea. Type from the Saruwaged

Mts., other specimens from the Rawlinson and Cromwell Mts.

Type. Adult female. No. R.M. 2. Collected by C.

Keysser. Presented to the British Museum by Lord Roth-

schild. Four specimens examined.

[P.S.—In the above account Mr. Oldfield Thomas and I

have only dealt with the five-toed Zaglossus bartoni bartoni,

Thos., and its northern subspecies Z. bartont clunius—a. e., the

Species of Zaglossus inhabiting New Guinea east of the Fly

River. ‘The species found west of the Fly River is the type

of the genus Zaglossus, viz., Zaglossus bruijni (Peters and

Doria). This species exhibits much greater external variation

than does Z. bartontd, and I find at least six recognizable

forms, four of which have been already named and described.

In spite of Mr. Glover Allen’s very definite assertions, I

am convinced, like Dr. Kerbert, that these forms are not

individual aberrations, but represent well-defined local sub-

species. Of the four described races, we know absolutely

the locality of one of them only—Zaglossus bruijnt good-

fellowii, Thos.,— which was described from specimens

captured on the island of Salwatti. Of the other three, we

can safely assume the locality of the typical Z. bruajni bruzjni

to be the Arfak Peninsula (by the typical race I mean the

pale-headed black-brown form described by Gervais, and

assigned to brudjni by him, for the actual type of this form is a

vere

new Subspecies of Zaglossus. 131

skull of unknown origin), The remaining two, viz., 7. bruijni

villosissimus, Dubois, and Z. brutjni nigroaculeatus, Rothsch.,

are of very doubtful origin, especially the latter, which was

brought to England alive by a sailor.

I now proceed to describe two hitherto unnamed forms :—

Zaglossus bruijni gularis, subsp. n.

2 ad. Similar to Z. bruijni goodfellowii, but larger ; lacks

all spines on the under surtace, and has much heavier claw-,

especially on the fore feet. Skull very concave in occipital

region above foramen magnum,

Hab. Foothills on south side of Charles Louis Mts., 8.W.

Dutch New Guinea.

Nine adult living examples and one young in spirit

examined,

Type, no. 573 Tring Museum.

Zaglossus bruijni pallidus, subsp. n.

Differs from Z. bruijni villosissimus in having a whitish

head and pale yellowish-brown pelage.

Hab. Inland from Geelvink Bay, Northern Dutch New

Guinea,

‘ype no. 597 (Bruijn Coll.) Tring Museum.

I herewith append a key to the whole of the two species

and eight forms of the genus Zaglossus :—

Key of Zaglossus.

1, ) Number ofclaws S oF 4 6 0. 60 cs vious 2.

‘ ; Number of claws'b...0.. 6s. ccc n ees ‘yf

2 Head whitish ; body dark............ 3.

: Head dark like body .........-...-45 4.

Black-brown ; hair shorter, spines more

3 MRS biti mien wits abd ode ow meldee Z. brutjni bruijni.

*) Yellowish brown; hair longer, spines

mostly concealed..........cseeeeees Z. bruijni pallidus,

Hair very long and thick, spines con-

4 ie i'n cu en He herve Nae Z. bruijni villostssimus.

Hair sparse, spines much exposed .... 5.

5 Spines and hair blackish ............ Z. bruijni nigroaculeatus.

; Spines white or whitish.............. 6.

Spines on underside ; smaller; claws slen-

ree a FEE eet Beet Z. bruijni goodfellowti.

No spines on underside; very large;

claws large and heavy .........+.. Z. bruijni gularis,

> Skull longer, rostrum thicker ........ Z. bartoni bartoni.

* ) Skull shorter, rostrum more slender,.,, 2. bartont clunius.

ROTHSCHILD. |

132 Mr. J. R. Malloch on Lwotie Muscaride.

XI.—E.wolic Muscaridee (Diptera).—VI1.*

By J. Rk. Matioca, Washington, D.C,

Subfamily Pzsovrwa.

Genus Mytosprita, R.-D.

Myjiospilu meditabunda, var. angustifrons, u.

Male and female-—Similar to the typical form, differing

in having the thorax of male darker, indistinctly vittate, the

abdomen with much darker pruinescence and the paired

spots larger and less clearly differentiated in male, and much

more conspicuous in female. The frons of the male is

much narrower in this variety than in the typical form, at

the narrowest poit being not wider than the distance between

the posterior ocelli,

Length 7-5-8 mm.

Type and allotype, Gulmarg, Kashmir, 8500 feet, summer,

1913 (F. W. Thomson).

Genus Spitaria, 8S. & D.

Spilaria cashmirensis, sp.n.

Maie and female.—Black, marked as in lucorum, Meigen,

the thorax quadrivittate and the abdomen with paired spots

and lateral checkerings on dorsum. The dorsal spots are

less clearly defined and the cross-veins of wings are not

perceptibly darkened.

Male.—Kyes hairy, more narrowly separated than in

lucorum, the narrowest point about as wide as anterior

ocellus ; frontal bristles not extending to middle of orbits ;

parafacial a little narrower than in ducorum. Thorax as in

that species, the hairs on hypopleura less numerous, some-

times absent, those on ventral surface of scutellum more

numerous. Abdomen ovate, basal sternite bare. Fore tibia

with a strong median posterior bristle ; fore tarsus slender;

mid-femur with some strong bristles on basal half of postero-

ventral surface and some weaker bristles on basal half of

antero-ventral; mid-tibia with three strong posterior bristles;

hind femur with a rather densely placed series of antero-

ventral bristles, the postero-ventral surface with a few short

hairs apically; hind tibia with two antero-dorsal and eight or

* For Part V.,see Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (9) ix., March 1922,

pp. 271-280.

Mr. J. R. Malloch on Fvotic Musearide. 133

more antero-ventral bristles, the posterior surface with a

series of long setulze on median half. Venation as in /ucorum,.

Female.—Similar to the male, the frous one-third of the

head- width.

Length 7-8 mm.

Type, male, allotype, and one female paratype, Gulmarg,

Kashmir, 8500 feet, summer, 1913 (/. W. Thomson).

Spilaria fuscoapicata, sp. un.

Female.—Black, densely grey-pruinescent. Antenne and

palpi black. ‘Thorax with four brownish-black vitte anteriorly

and a poorly defined central vitta posteriorly. Dorsum of

abdomen with two pairs of large fuscous spots, one on

second and the other on third tergite, and also with a faint

central line and lateral checkerings blackish. Legs rufous,

apices of femora narrowly blackened above, tarsi black, tibiz

a little infuseated at bases above. Wings clear, both cross-

veins broadly blackish. Calyptrae whitish. Halteres yellow.

Eyes hairy, head normal. Thorax with four pairs of post-

sutural dorso-centrals ; prealar very short, but strong ;

scutellum and hypopleura as in ucorum; sterno-pleurals 2:2,

Abdomen elongate-ovate, apical bristles on fourth tergite

(5th) much weaker than those at middle. Fore tibia with

a median bristle ; mid-femur with three or four bristles on

basal half of postero-ventral surface; hind femur with a

series of long antero-ventral bristles, and some short bristles

on basal half of postero-ventral surface ; hind tibia with two

or three antero-dorsal and three or four antero-ventral

bristles, and one or two short setule near base on postero-

dorsal surface. Outer cross-vein nearly straight ; veins 3

aud 4 divergent apically,

Length 8-9 mm.

Type and paratype, Kabete, Kenya Colony, 28. viii. 1914,

on window (7. J. Anderson),

This species closely resembles Mydea quadruplex, Stein, aud

M. hirticeps, Stein (=mollis, Stein), but both of these have

three pairs of postsutural dorso-ceutral bristles and differ

otherwise, though Stein describes the female of the latter as

having four pairs. ‘There may be some error in bis identifi-

cation, as there are several closely related species.

Genus I p1oryaus, Malloch.

I have only recently obtained access to a copy of Stein’s

paper on the Diptera collected by Alluaud and Jeannel in

Kast Africa, and find that his Mydea trochanterata belongs to

134 Mr. J. R. Malloch on Ewotic Muscaride.

Idiopygus. This necessitates a change of name for Jdiopygus

trochanteratus, Malloch, described in Part III. of this series

of papers. I therefore propose to substitute the name u/undi

for the species.

Stein’s species is very closely allied to mine, but whether

or not it is the same, or is hirtiventris, Malloch, it is

impossible to say without a careful examination of the type,

which was, according to Stein, in poor condition. The legs

of both my species are black, while in ¢rochanteratus, Stein,

the tibiz are slightly reddish.

Stein’s species came from Kilimandjaro, German East

Africa, the others are also from East Africa. I have seen

no species of the genus from the western part of that

continent.

Eulimnophora trimaculata (Stein).

I have before me a male of this very striking species from

the top of the Aberdare Mts., 9500 feet, 28. i. 1911

(T. J. Anderson).

The fourth vein of the wing is very noticeably curved

forward apically,the thorax has three black spots on the

anterior margin, contiguous in front, only the median

one extending to suture, and there are three contiguous

black spots behind the suture ; the sides of the abdominal

tergites 1 and 2 are broadly yellowish, and the large sub-

triangular black spots form two almost entire submedian

vittee on the abdomen.

A slightly aberrant species, but quite evidently belonging

to this genus.

Genus RuyNCHOMYD#A, nov.

Generic characters.—Similar to Cyrtoneura in general

habitus. Eyes of male subcontiguous, of female separated by

a little less than one-third of the head-width, bare in both

sexes; orbits of male with very fine short hairs, of female

with bristles as in Helina, but only the upper one directed

backward; aristalong-plumose; face with a very conspicuous

rounded ridge vertically in middle or tuberculate. Thorax

with the dorso-centrals, except the posterior two pairs, very

short, pteropleura hairy, prosternum hairy, hairs descending

on sides of scutellum, ‘Third wing-vein setulose at base,

fourth curved forward apically.

Genotype, Mydea tuberculifacies, Stein.

—— Cr’

Mr. J. R. Malloch on Exotic Muscaride. 135

Rhynchomydea tuberculifacies (Stein).

Originally described from Batavia. I have before me

three specimens from Ceylon (Yerbury).

Rhynchomydea australis, sp. 0.

Female.— Ditters from the genotype in having the thorax

entirely yellow and the abdomen of the same colour, with a

more or less distinct infuseation dorsally ; the metanotum

has a pair of blackish spots. Antenne and palpi yellow.

Legs tawny, tarsi fuscous. Wings yellowish, veins yellow,

Arista with shorter hairs than in genotype, the upper series

duplicated only at base instead of on almost the entire length.

Thorax as in genotype. Fore tibia without a median bristle;

mid-tibia with two posterior bristles; hind femur with a few

bristles on apical half of antero-ventral surface; hind tibia

with one antero-dorsal and one antero-ventral bristle. Third

wing-vein setulose from base almost midway to inner cross-

vein; first posterior cell not so much narrowed as in genotype.

Length 5-6 mm.

Type, Burpengary, South Queensland ; three female para-

types, Queensland (7. L. Bancroft).

This is one of the most distinctive genera in the complex

group listed under the generic name Mydea by Stein. No

other genus has the peculiar facial ridge. The genus Mydea

is found only iu the Palearctic and Nearctic regions so far

as I have seen. Mydea carinata, Stein, from Mt. Victoria,

probably belongs here ; it is unknown to me.

Australian Heline.

For the convenience of students of this family I am

presenting a key to the Australian species of Helina in the

material before me at this time. It may be possible to

increase the synopsis on some future occasion :—

1. Thorax and abdomen blue; knobs of halteres

and legs black ; eyes densely hairy ; arista

with long sparse hairs; cross-veins of

wings not infuscated ..........+.+ee0s 2.

Thorax and abdomen not blue, sometimes with

acupreous or bronzy tinge, if it is slightly

greenish the legs are tawny; other

characters not as above ......... esse eee 4.

2. Calyptre without fuscous margins; post-

sutural dorso-centrals 3; species averaging

about 6 mm. in length.........--+.++0+- cerulescens, Stein.

Calyptre without fuscous margins; post-

sutural dorso-centrals 4........-++00065 regina, Sp. v.

Calyptre with fuscous margins..........+. 3.

136 Mr. J. R. Malloch on Ewotie Muscaride.

3. Large species, 8-9 mm. in length ; postsutural

dorso-centrals 4; thorax and abdomen

both with conspicuous pruinescence, the

former distinctly vittate, the latter with a

blackish dorso-central vitta ..... Se Ain Siar whitet, sp. n.

Small species, 4 mm. in length; thorax with

faint pruinescence and very faintly vittate ;

abdomen not pruinescent ...... thle tasmaniensis, sp. 0.

4. Thorax testaceous yellow, with three broad

brownish-red yittee which become fuscous

posteriorly, the median one continued over

dise of scutellum ; pleura with a fuscous

streak on upper margin from humeri to

base of wing........ ‘ slidhe be ae . fuscoflava, Malloch.

4a.

width; eyes very inconspicuously hairy ;

arista long-plumose; wings with a brown

spot at apex of auxiliary vein, one over

inner cross-vein, and another on each end

of outer cross-vein ........ cats oie sevens Uwidescens, sp. n.

Halteres pale ; other characters not as above. 5.

5. Thorax with four pairs of postsutural dorso-

central bristles ........ iin baa TS seta hs dye Bi

Thorax with three pairs of postsutural dorso-

CONPOL BOSE. 5 oe + hs ren'n peataatoee 9.

G. Longest hairs of arista longer than width of

third antennal segment; legs tawny, tarsi

fuscous; cross-veins not clouded; fore

tibia without bristle at middle of posterior

BUPIBCD sien vale ss» Panes out veveeeees antarctica, Bigot.

Longest hairs on arista much shorter than

width of third antennal segment; at least

part of the femora in addition to tarsi infus-

cated ; inner cross-vein and sometimes also

the outer one distinctly clouded ; fore tibia

with a median posterior bristle.......... sf

7. Legs black; hind tibia of male with a series

of very long bristles on antero-ventral and

another series on posterior surface ; prealar

bristle short, but distinct .............. pectliventris, sp. n.

At least the tibize tawny ; hind tibia of male

with from two to four short antero-ventral

bristles and no series such as above...... 8.

8. Prealar bristle short, but distinct; almost

entirely black; fifth abdominal sternite

with normal hairing .......+.+..++ ..+» addita, Walker.

Prealar bristle indistinguishable from the ad-

joining hairs; mid and hind femora with

their apical fifth tawny ; fifth abdominal

sternite with dense erect fine hairs, which

are longer than usual ..,....... toseeees ptliventris, sp, n.

Mr. J. R. Malloch on Exotic Muscaride. 137

9. Wing with a fuscous spot close against third

vein just beyond outer cross-vein; both

cross-veins broadly clouded .......-....

Wing without a spot in first posterior cell as

above, cross-veins clouded or unclouded.. 10.

10, Cross-veins of wingsdistinctly clouded ; longest

hairs on arista much shorter than width of

third antennal segment; fore tibia with a

median posterior bristle ............ sees victoria, sp. n.

Cross-veins of wings not infuscated ; longest

hairs on arista at least as long as width of

third antennal segment .......-.+...005 ll.

11. Bristles on antero-ventral surface of hind

femur extending from base to apex; neither

the posterior median bristle on fore tibia

nor the posterior median setula on hind

tibia present; thorax without strong pre-

sutural acrostichal bristles .............. micans, Sp. Ni.

Bristles onantero-ventral surface of hind femur

contined to the apical half, if on almost

entire surface, the fore tibia has a median

Aa eee er ee 12,

12. Fore tibia with a median posterior bristle; hind

femur with an almost complete series of

antero-ventral bristles; thorax with a very

short pair of presutural acrostichal bristles ;

hind tibia without a posterior setula near

Soc AP Aang AR aA eee as spilariformis, sp. 0.

Fore tibia without a median posterior bristle. 13.

13. Thorax without a strong pair of presutural

acrostichal bristles; abdomen without

brassy or violaceous reflections; hind tibia

without any setulae near middle on posterior

DOMME. Aci t. Pwd det Vi Wiss Bye da acheta, sp. n.

Thorax witha pairoflong presutural acrostichal

bristles; abdomen with brassy or violaceous

reflections; hind tibia with one or more

weak setul on posterior surfacenear middle e@netventris, sp. n.

trinulilifera, sp. 0.

Helina caerulescens (Stein).

Two male specimens of this species from Mangalore,

Tasmania, 24. x. 1911 and 16. iii. 1913 (4. White).

The characters listed in the foregoing key will serve to

distinguish this species from the next two, with which it

forms a group that differs from any in the genus known to

me from any part of the world. The general habitus of the

forms is very similar to that of small Calliphorine, but no

reliable characters are present that appear to justify their

separation from other Heline.

Helina whitei, sp. n.

Male and female.—The largest of the three species and

quite robust. Colours as stated in key, the thorax very

conspicuously vittate. Wings hyaline,

138 Mr. J. R. Malloch on Ewotiec Muscaridee.

Male.—Narrowest part of frons nearly as wide as third

antennal segment; orbits setulose on their entire length ;

arista plumose ; vibrissal angle not much produced ; facial

ridges haired more than midway to base of antenne. Thorax

without presutural acrostichals ; prealar short. Fore tibia

unarmed at middle; mid-tibia with three or four posterior

bristles ; hind femur with a complete series of short antero-

ventra] bristles, the postero-ventral surface with a few short

setulose hairs; hind tibia with three or four short antero-

dorsal bristles. Outer cross-vein oblique and much curved.

Female.—F¥rons about one-third of the head-width ; hind

femur with bristles on antero-ventral surface confined to

apical half; hind tibia with one antero-ventral bristle.

Otherwise as male. Genitalia normal.

Length 8-9 mm.

Type, male, Healesville, Victoria, 13. xii. 1914; allotype,

Mangalore, Tasmania, 22. ii. 1913 (A. White).

Named in honour of the collector.

Helina tasmaniensis, sp. 0.

Male.—A deep blue species, with greenish vitta lateral.

to the dorso-centrals on each side of thorax, and the abdomen

with a greenish tinge posteriorly, the pruinescence almost

absent.

Narrowest part of frons not wider than third antennal

segment ; parafacials linear, much narrower than in white.

Fore tibia as in that species; mid-tibia with two posterior

bristles ; hind tibia with about three antero-dorsal and three

antero-ventral bristles. Outer cross-vein not so oblique or

curved as in wihitei.

Length 4 mm.

Type, Mangalore, Tasmania, 20. iv. 1913 (A. White).

Helina regina, sp. 0.

Male and female.—Black, with a distinct blue tinge, the

abdomen almost entirely blue, with whitish pruinescence in

checkerings as in many Calliphorine. Head black, cheeks

more or less rufous brown, orbits silvery. Thorax quadri-

vittate. Legs black. Wings hyaline. Calyptre white.

Halteres with black knobs.

Male.—Kyes rather sparsely haired; frons at narrowest

part about twice as wide as third antennal segment ; orbits

narrow, with bristles on their entire length ; parafacial about

as wide as third antennal segment; facial ridges haired

midway to base of antenna; arista plumose. Presutural

Mr. J. R. Malloch on Evotic Muscaride. 139

acrostichals setulose, but no pair well differentiated ; prealar

minute or absent; postsutural dorso-centrals 4; sterno-

pleurals 1:2; scutellum not haired on sides or venter.

Abdomen ovate ; basal sternite haired, Fore tibia without

a median bristle ; mid-tibia with two or three posterior

bristles ; hind femur with bristles on apical half of antero-

ventral surface; hind tibia with one or two antero-dorsal and

antero-ventral bristles. Costal thorn absent.

Female.—Similar to the male, the frons about one-third

of the head-width ; prealar bristle minute.

Length 7 mm.

Type, male, allotype, and ten paratypes, Burnett River,

Queensland, 1915, reared from maggots in persimmons

(T. L. Bancroft).

This species is not so pronouncedly blue as the preceding

three species, but is very closely related to them. It also

appears to be related to nigrescens, Stein, and ¢ibiella, Stein,

though it is impossible to say definitely without seeing these

species. From the former it differs in having the wing

without costal thorn and the arista much longer-haired ;

tibella is Indian and has the tibize yellow; nigrescens was

described from Australia, but is unknown to me,

Helina iridescens, sp. n.

Male.—An aberrant species with very distinctive coloration.

Shining black, with dense whitish pruinescence. Frons

velvety black, orbits, face, and cheeks with white pruinescence;

antenne and palpi black. Thorax with three broad black

vittee, which are distinctly shining, the median one slightly

subdivided centrally. Abdomen shining; as the specimen is

turned round, the white colour is replaced by black, and vice

versa in the checkerings; the whole surface brassy except

apices of the tergites, which are violaceous. Legs black.

Wings hyaline, a faint cloud in subcostal cell, a large brown

spot on inner cross-vein, and one on each extremity of the

outer cross-vein. Calyptrze white, margins yellow. Halteres

black.

Eyes almost bare, separated by about one-fourth of the

head-width ; orbits distinct, narrower than frontalia, with

long bristles and fine hairs on their entire length ; face con-

eave in profile; antennz reaching almost to mouth, the third

segment broad; arista plumose. Thorax with three pairs of

postsutural dorso-centrals, no presutural acrostichals, a very

short prealar, and the sterno-pleurals 1:2. Abdomen

narrowly ovate. Fore tibia unarmed at middle ; mid-tibia

140 Mr. J. R. Malloch on Exotic Muscaride.

with two posterior bristles; hind femur with bristles on apical

half of antero-ventral surface ; hind tibia with two antero-

ventral and two antero-dorsal bristles. Outer cross-vein

curved ; first posterior cell not narrowed apically.

Length 5°5 mm.

Type, Mangalore, Tasmania, 28. vill. 1911 (A. White).

Helina antarctica, Bigot.

A species very similar to micans, sp. n., in habitus.

Represented by one male and two females from Mangalore,

and one male from Hobart, Tasmania, October and November

(A. White).

Helina peciliventris, sp. 1.

This and the next two species are very closely related and

resemble the group to which the Kuropean species duplicata,

Meigen, belongs, but the eyes are hairy and there is no bristle

near base of hind tibia on the postero-dorsal surface.

Male and female—Black, shining, with dense greyish

pruinescence. Thorax with four blackish vitte. Abdomen

with paired dorsal spots. Legs black. Wings slightly

yellowish, inner cross-vein broadly, outer narrowly infuscated.

Calyptre yellow. Halteres dull yellow.

Male.—Eyes hairy ; narrowest part of frons about as wide

as third antennal segment ; orbits setulose to middle; arista

pubescent. Thorax without presutural acrostichals, the

prealar small; postsutural dorso-centrals 4; sterno-pleurals

2:2. Abdomen elongate-ovate. Fore tibia with a median

posterior bristle; mid-tibia with about six bristles, and

some short hairs in an irregular series on posterior surface ;

hind femur with six or seven long bristles on apical half of

antero-ventral surface; hind tibia with two antero-dorsal

bristles, a series of long bristles on whole length of antero-

ventral surface, and another on posterior surface. Outer

cross-vein curved.

Female.—Differs in having the frons about one-fourth of

the head-width at vertex, widened anteriorly ; the hind tibia

with two antero-dorsal and three antero-ventral bristles, and

the outer cross-vein more broadly clouded.

Length 8 mm.

Type, male, Bagdad, Tasmania, 14, xii. 1912; allotype,

and one female paratype, Brighton, Tasmania, 26. vii. 1913

(A. White).

Mr. J. R. Malloch on Ewotic Muscaride. 141

Helina addita, Walker.

A widely distributed species in Australia, which is

represented by specimens from Mangalore and Brighton,

Tasmania (4. White), Burpengary, Queensland (7. L. Ban-

croft), and Victoria (C. French).

Helina piliventris, sp. n.

Male.—A larger species than the foregoing, with the wings

slightly brownish and the spots on dorsum of abdomen less

distinet. General colour and habitus as in peci/liventris.

Structurally similar to both the foregoing species,

distinguishable as indicated in the key.

Length 8 mm,

Type, Maugalore, Tasmania, 1. iii. 1913 (4. White).

Helina trinubilifera, sp. n.

Female.—Black, shining, with dense brownish-grey

pruinescence. Head black ; frons opaque, orbits, face, and

cheeks with whitish pruinescence. ‘Thorax with four broad

black vitte, the submedian pair subcontiguous. Abdomen

with a pair of large, irregularly-margined, black marks on

dorsum of segmeuts 2 and 3, which cover almost the entire

disc, the other tergites irregularly marked with black also.

Legs tawny, tarsi brown. Wings clear, both cross-veius and

a round spot about middle of first posterior cell close to

third vein dark brown. Calyptre whitish, margius brown.

Hulteres yellow, knobs brown.

dyes subnude ; ; frous about one-third of the head-width,

orbital bristles not very long ; longest hairs on arista

distinctly shorter than width of third antennal segment.

Postsutural dorso-centrals 3; prealar very short. Fore tibia

with a median posterior bristle ; mid-tibia with three posterior

bristles; hind femur with one preapical antero-ventral bristle;

hind tibia with two antero-dorsal and three antero-ventral

bristles ; outer cross-veiv almost straight.

Length 5 mm.

Type, Mt. Wellington, Tasmania, 3. x. 1912 (4. White) ;

paratype, Victoria (C. Fr rench).

Helina victoria, sp. n.

eho: —Belongs to the same group as addita, Walker.

Differs as stated in key. In colour more brownish, the cross.

142 Mr. J. R. Malloch on Fvotic Muscaride.

veins of wings very broadly clouded, and the femora and

tarsi tawny.

dyes hairy ; arista pubescent; frons normal. Prealar

short ; postsutural dorso-centrals 3 ; presutural acrostichals

absent. Fore tibia with a median posterior bristle; mid-

tibia with three posterior bristles ; hind femur with a strong

preapical antero-ventral bristle ; hind tibia with two antero-

dorsal and three antero-ventral bristles.

Length 6-7 mm.

Type, Victoria, 12. xii. 1914 (A. White); paratype, Victoria

(C. French).

Helina micans, sp. n.

Male.—Similar in general habitus to antarctica, Bigot,

which it very closely resembles. The colour of thorax and

abdomen more brassy than in that species, and the abdominal

checkering more iridescent. The antennz and palpi are

fuscous. Legs tawny, tarsifuscous. Wings slightly yellowish,

veins yellow basally.

Eyes hairy ; narrowest part of frons at least as wide as

third antennal segment (in antarctica the interfrontalia is

obliterated above and the narrowest part of frons is much

narrower than third antennal segment) ; arista plumose.

Prealar very short ; postsutural dorso-centrals 3; abdomen

ovate. Fore tibia unarmed at middle; mid-tibia with three

posterior bristles ; hind femur with a complete series of

antero-ventral bristles, and a series of setule on postero-

ventral surface ; hind tibia with two or three antero-dorsal

and two antero-ventral bristles.

Length 10 mm.

Type, Mangalore, Tasmania, 24. xi. 1911 (A. White).

Helina spilariformis, sp. u.

Female.—A robust species like the preceding, and in many

respects resembling the genus Spilaria, especially in having

some fine hairs on the hypopleura below the spiracle. Black,

densely grey-pruinescent, the thorax with four black vittz

and the abdomen with blackish checkerings. Legs tawny,

tarsifuscous. Wings hyaline. Calyptrz yellowish. Halteres

yellow.

Eyes sparsely hairy; frons normal; arista plumose.

Thorax with a short weak pair of presutural acrostichals,

three pairs of postsutural dorso-centrals, and a short prealar;

sterno-pleurals 1:2; scutellum bare on sides and below.

Fore tibia with a median posterior bristle; mid-tibia with

YP Feta ig yy

On Bandicoots allied to Perameles bougainvillei. 143

two posterior bristles ; antero-ventral surface of hind femur

with an almost complete series of bristles ; hind tibia usually

with two antero-dorsal and two antero-ventral bristles.

Length 8 mm.

Type, Mangalore, Tasmania, 19. iv. 1913 (dA. White) ;

paratype, East Australia (7. P. Lucas).

Helina acheta, sp. n.

Female.—General colour as in the preceding species, but

the wings more yellowish at base.

Eyes subnude; frons normal; longest hairs on arista at

least as long as width of third antennal segment. Thorax

with three pairs of postsutural dorso-centrals, a short but

distinct prealar, and no presutural acrostichals. Fore tibia

without a median posterior bristle ; mid-tibia with two

posterior bristles; hind femur with two preapical antero-

ventral bristles ; hind tibia with two antero-dorsal and one

antero-ventral bristle.

Length 7 mm.

Type, Mangalore, Tasmania, 16. iii. 1913 (4. White).

Helina eneiventris, sp. n.

Male and female.—Black, shining, with dense yellowish-

grey pruinescence. ‘The thorax is quadrivittate and slightly

metallic-coloured, either cupreous or violaceous, and the

abdomen is checkered, the colour varying from greenish to

cupreous or violaceous.

General habitus as in antarctica, Bigot, but the eyes are

as widely separated as in micans, from which it differs in

cheetotaxy as stated in the key. The frons of the female is

normal in width.

Length 9-10 mm.

Type, male, Mangalore, Tasmania, 15. ii. 1913; allotype,

topotypical, 1908; one male paratype, topotypical, 1. xii.

1912 ; one female paratype, topotypical, 21. xi. 1912

(A. White).

eee —E — —

XIU1.— On Bandicoots allied to Perameles bougainvillei.

By OLprreLcp THOMAS.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum, )

In the ‘ Catalogue of Marsupials’ *, in the absence of Shark’s

Bay specimens representing true Perameles bougainvillei,

and more or less following Gould’s determinations, I assigned

* P, 246 (1888),

144 On Bandicoots allied to Perameles bougainvillei.

the bandieoots of this group to two forms—P. bougainvillet

typica, of Western Australia, and P. d. fasciata, of South

Australia and New South Wales. Since then the arrival of

specimens from the islands of Shark’s Bay—the type-locality

of bougainvillei—has shown that that animal is smaller than

the ordinary W.-Australian striped bandicoot, and that the

latter should have Wagner’s name of myosuros—or, rather,

myosura—applied to it, as indicated in 1906 *.

On now examining the specimens from S. Australia and

New South Wales, I find that these are distinguishable from

each other, the teeth of the latter being much larger than

those of the former, so that instead of the two forms—" bou-

gainvillet” (properly myosura) and fasciata,—as recognized

in the Catalogue, there are really four.

After selecting specimen a of fasciata, from the Liverpool

Plains (B.M. no, 41.1178), as its lectotype, the names,

characters, and localities of the four forms would appear to

be as tollows :—

A. Size small; skull of male only about 57

mm. in length; bullae very small ; ms!-3

about8‘83 mm. (Shark’s Bay, Western

Miata a Dred, opi 24s Desthe Sealab a 1. P.bougainvillei, Q. & G.

B. Size large; skull of male over 60 mm. ;

bulle larger,

a. Teeth smaller and lighter. Muzzle

more slender, Ms! about 10mm... 2. P. myosura, Wagn.

a*, Dark bauds comparatively indistinct,

not crossing back. (W. Australia.) 2a. P. myosura myosura,

b?, Dark bands more distinct, perceptible

across back. (S. Australia.)...... 26. P.m.notina, subsp. n.

b. Teeth larger and heavier. Muzzle more

conical. Msl-3 aboutllmm. (New

Somat Wales.) « sPiswsens eee scene 3. P. fasciata, Gray.

Perameles myosura notina, subsp. n.

External characters almost exactly as in P. fasciata, as

described in the Catalogue and as figured by Gould; but

skull, as in myosura, with more slender muzzle and smaller

teeth.

Dimensions of the type :—

Head and body (on stuffed specimen) 280 mm. ; tail 90;

hind foot 56.

Skull: greatest length 68 ; condylo-basal length 66 ; nasals

29x5; iuterorbital breadth 14°5; anterior palatine fora-

mina 8; bulla 7°5. Dental length 37; molars +? 9°8.

Hab, South Australia. Type from the “ plains near the

* P.Z.S. 1906, p. 777.

On new Scolytide and Platypodide. 145

head of the St. Vincent Gulf’; other specimens from the

Murray River (Gould) and Adelaide (/ortnum).

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 43, 8. 12.21. Specimen d

of P. bougainvillei fasciata of ‘Catalogue of Marsupials.’

Collected and presented by Capt. Sir George Grey.

XIV.—-Previously undescribed Scolytide and Platypodide

from the Indian Area, By Lt.-Col. F. Winn-Sampson,

F.E.S.

A very large amount of material has been received from

Mr. C. F. C. Beeson, Imperial Forest Zoologist, Dehra Dun,

and the following are some of the hitherto-undescribed speci-

mens; the remainder will be dealt with as soon as possible.

Crossotarsus errans, sp. 0.

Brown ; elytra darker apically than the prothorax. Front

wrinkled and coarsely longitudinally rugose, depressed

centrally, slightly hairy, with large shallow umbilical mark-

ings ; the vertex with three shining carinz, the central one

ending abruptly anteriorly. Prothoraxz oblong, with a longi-

tudinal median line on the basal third, on either side of

which are a few puctures of slightly different sizes, the

larger being nearest the base; the rest of the surface

irregularly corroded and sparsely punctured except just

anterior to the median line, /ytra nearly one-third longer

than, and the same breadth as, the prothorax at the base, but

diverging towards the apex, the basal margin acutely raised

and smooth ; broadly sulcate and deeply impressed after the

basal third, which is lightly sculptured, the third and fifth

interstices are basally tuberculate, the tubercles on the latter

being the larger, the first and fourth are terminated before

the declivity, the second, third, and fifth being the most

prominent, and all are very slightly punctured; the apex

abruptly declivous, with rows of piliferous tubercles, which

cease just before the apical margin, which is furnished with

four spines on each elytron, the first being an extension of

the sutural angle, the other three are placed laterally, the

one furthest from the apex being formed by the prolongation

of the ninth interstice and is more pointed than the others,

Length 3:2 mm. ; breadth 0°8 mm.

Burma: Mohnyin R., Katha (C. 4. C. Beeson), ex Careya

arborea.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. x. 10

146 Lt.-Col. F. Winn-Sampson on

?. Reddish brown, the head and elytral apex darker.

Front rugose, coarsely punctured, transversely depressed over

the epistoma, which is slightly sinuate, the whole surface

hairy. Prothorax anteriorly corroded, the remainder

sparsely punctured, the median basal groove extends for about

one-third the length of the prothorax, with groups of

punctures on each side, larger than in the male, and those

nearest the base larger than the anterior ones. Elytra the

same breadth as and nearly half as long again as the

prothorax, broadly sulecate, but less impressed than in the

male; the basal third lightly sculptured, the third inter-

stice strongly transversely carinate for a short distance.

from the base, the fifth interstice bearing a few uniseriate

granules; the declivity rounded, with uniseriate piliferous

punctures, but becoming flat with a granular hairy surface

before the apex ; the apical margin transversely truncate,

the suture raised and shining, the outer sutural angles

clearly defined.

Length 3-4 mm.; breadth 0‘°9 mm.

Burma: Molhnyin R., Katha(C. F. C. Beeson), ex Careya

arborea.

Type in the British Museum.

Very similar to Platypus indicus, Strom., which was first

described as belonging to the group P. sulcati, Chap., but in

the same author’s ‘Catalogue of the Platypodide ’ is placed

as “‘incerte sedis,” although it would appear to be a Crosso-

tarsus of the group C. subdepressus,Chap. It may be here

pointed out that there seems to have been some error in

the placing of the male type label on the specimen in the

collection of Mr. H. E. Audrewes, as the one so named is an

undoubted female, of which sex Herr Stromeyer gives no

description. In the same collection there is a label (but not

a type one) in the same handwriting, which is Stromeyer’s,

placed on a male specimen, but it has no sex-mark. Under

the circumstances, a description of the female is here added

for comparison with that of C. errans.

Crossotarsus (Platypus) indicus, Strom.

Reddish brown, the elytra darker apically; antenne, legs,

and abdomen pale. Front subconcave, rugose, anterior half

pale, the whole surface variolous, hairy towards the vertex,

longitudinally strigose laterally, a small tuft of yellow hair

over the mouth. Prothorar with the surface sparsely

punctured, anteriorly finely rugose, the central longitudinal

groove extends from near the base to the centre with a small

iid. CC

new Scolytidwe and Platypodide. 147

group of pores on each side, those nearest the base being the

largest. H/ytra striate-punctate at the base, the strie

becoming broad, flat,and rugose from the basal third, the

interstices being reduced to narrow shining carine and

ceasing at the declivity ; the fourth, sixth, and eighth inter-

stices are almost obsolete from the basal third, the base of

the third interstice is plain, the elytral basal margin 1s

narrow, smooth, and raised, the declivity abruptly truncate,

subopaque, with a shagreened surface, the interstices being

represented by a series of somewhat irregularly placed

tubercles; the sutural angle is extended apically into a short,

broad, outwardly curved process on each elytron, very similar

to those on the male, which, however, are more slender and

almost straight.

India : Nilgiri Hills. (H. Ei Andrewes).

Type in Mr. H. E. Andrewes’s Coll.

In most specimens of the male there are a few conspicuous

punctures on each side of of the prothoracic line, but often

very obscure.

Platypus decens, sp. n.

Elongate, reddish testaceous, elytra darker towards the

apex. Front flat, rugose, with scattered punctures and a

short, central, longitudinal impression below the centre, vertex

subangular, with a shining central line, sparsely punctured

and laterally dull. Prothorax one-third longer than broad,

very narrow median groove from near the base to the centre

and laterally punctured, the number of punctures increasing

towards the anterior end of the groove, the whole surface

finely and irregularly punctured except the anterior portion

of the disc. /lytra faintly striate-punctate, the sutural stria

being the most deeply impressed ; interstices 1, 3, and 5 are

elevated basally, and the apex of the elytra has an oblique

terminal impression, its margin diverging from the suture

above the impression, and forming an emargination with

rounded sides, the external angles curved downwards and

backwards, the outer edge being serrate ; the impressed sur-

face very shining, concave above the external angles, the

apical emargination wider than deep, with a median, strong,

somewhat flattened, sharp tooth on each side pointing inwards

and upwards, the external apical angles rounded, the inner

sutural termination being nearly right-angled.

Length 3°2 mm.; breadth 0°7 mm.

Assam: Nowgong (?) Div., ex Sal.

Type in the British Museum.

10*

148 Lt.-Col. F. Winn-Sampson on

This species belongs to the group Cupulati of Chapuis, and

resembles P. calamus, Bldf., in the structure of the elytral

sutural margin, and P. chevrolati, Chap., in the terminal

depression, which is, however, somewhat differently toothed,

as well as larger.

TROGLODITICA, gen. NOY.

Head flattened, but not rostrate, eyes entire, elongate, and

flat ; anteune long, the scape curved and slightly enlarged

apically, the funiculus 7-jointed, the first joint large, globose,

and hairy, the second subconical, the remainder transverse,

increasing in breadth, and hairy; the club compressed, oblong,

longer than the funiculus,and divided by two transverse septa,

one nearly central, the other subdividing the basal half; the

whole surface closed with stout hairs and centrally porous;

mandibles stout and prominent; maxille externally very

hairy, the inner margin provided with flat spines, maxillary

palpi short and almost equal in length, the mentum broad

but narrowed basally, laterally hairy at the base of the palpi,

ligula inserted above the centre of the mentum, the labial

palpi long, the first and third joints longer than broad, the

second transverse. Prothorax slightly excised laterally.

Meso- and metasternum both very short; anterior and middle

cox both widely separated, the anterior tibie abruptly

enlarged distally, rounded and strongly calcarate, the tarsal

joints with the under surface thickly hairy, the third joint

simple.

This genus strongly resembles Spherotrypes, Bldf., in

external appearance, but differs in the formation of the

antennal club, eyes, etc. It is separated from Diamerus, Er.,

by the antennal club and tibiz, and from Dendrosinus, Chap.,

by the antennal club, third tarsal joint, ete.

Trogloditica trahaz, sp. n.

Black to dark brown. Front flattened, minutely granular,

and covered with short, thick, recumbent hairs, epistoma

prominent with a row of brilliant yellow hair below, the ver-

tex very minutely shagreened and subopaque, central carina

very narrow and shining. Prothorax transverse with pili-

ferous punctures, the hairs short, thick, and pale in colour,

the anterior margin bisinuate, elevated centrally, with two

small prominent tubercles, anteriorly sparsely tuberculate,

laterally slightly depressed, strongly and narrowly produced

basally, with a central, longitudinal, smooth, and shining

line. lytra very convex, striate-punctate, interstices flat,

new Scolytidw and Platypodide. 149

with rows of grey scales ; viewed dorsally, the elytra present

the appearance of being transversely truncate, but this is

caused by the coalescence of the fifth, sixth, seventh, and

eighth interstices before reaching the apex, and a consequent

slight lateral elevation on each elytron; the sutural angle is

sharply defined and the apical margin raised.

Length 2°3 mm.; breadth 1:7 mm.

Siam: Rajburi and Chiengmai Div.

Type inthe British Museum.

Webbia 30-spinatus, sp. 0.

Head black, prothorax dark brown, legs and elytra (except

the apical portion, which is darker) pale yellow. Front con-

vex, coarsely and sparsely punctured on a shagreened ground,

with a narrow longitudinal carina from the mouth halfway

to the vertex and slightly raised centrally, and over the mouth

a transverse ridge of hair. Prothorax subquadrate, granu-

late anteriorly, with short erect hair, minutely and regularly

Bayer posteriorly on a shagreened surface, slightly

roader apically, the anterior surface indented centrally, with

a few coarse curved rugosities laterally, the actual anterior

edge being bent under and not visible from above. Elytra

hardly one-sixth longer than, and equal in breadth to, the

prothorax, faintly striate-punctate, the interstices flat and

irregularly punctured, the declivity commencing at the

apical third, abruptly truncate, fundus flat and margined by

fifteen spines on each elytron, decreasing in size towards

the centre and increasing again to the apex ; the fundus is

provided with four rows of raised and roughened circular

piliferous bosses which have a granular surface, the sutural

row being much raised and broadened centrally, the remainder

of the surface being flat and very finely granulate.

Length 3 mm.; breadth 1 mm.

Burma: Kaing R., Pyimana (C. F. C. Beeson).

Type in the British Museum.

The sutural elevation on the fundus is caused by a cluster

of the bosses which are uniseriate in the other rows,

Webbia 26-spinalus, sp. 1.

Differs from W, 30-spinatus in the rather more abruptly

truncate declivity, the more obscure striz, the number of

marginal spines on each elytron ; it is also darker in colour,

and the prothoracic tubercles are coarser.

Length 2°8 mm. ; breadth 1 mm.

Burma: Kaing R., Pyinmana (C.F. C. Beeson),

150 Lt.-Col. F. Winn-Sampson on

Webbia pabo, sp. n.

Head and prothorax dark brown, elytra yellowish brown,

darker at the commencement of the declivity. /ront convex,

sparsely punctured over the mouth, the surface finely undose,

polished towards the vertex, with a few minute irregular

punctures, longitudinal carina short. Prothorax one-half

longer than broad, subparallel-sided to the anterior fifth, and

then rounded to the very obtuse anterior margin, which is

broader than the head and hairy, the anterior third closely

tuberculate, the tubercles slightly smaller posteriorly and

abruptly ceasing at the anterior third; the rest of the sur-

face shagreened and dull in colour, the base sinuate. Elytra

the same breadth as the prothorax, and longer by the length

of the oblique declivity; sides parallel, feebly punctate-striate,

interstices flat, shining, broad, with a few irregular and very

minute punctures; the declivity obliquely truncate, each

interstice ending in a small serration or tooth at the margin

of the fundus, which is shining, darker in colour, with obscure

strial punctures, and hairy ; about two-thirds from the

commencement of the declivity on each elytron, and equi-

distant from the suture and the lateral edge, there arises a

stout, somewhat flattened process directed upwards and back-

wards, at right angles to the surface of the declivity, and

ending on the upper inner edge in a sharp inwardly-curved

spine, and on the lower outer edge in a much shorter straight

spine ; the surface of the fundus below these processes is

smooth, and the margin, viewed laterally, is seen to be

hollowed out so as to form a pointed angle on the exterior’

edge just below the level of the base of the above-mentioned

processes, and the sutural apical angles of each elytron are

extended into stout divergent subtriangular spines.

Length 2:1 mm.; breadth *7 mm.

India: Kheri Lakhinpur, U.P. (C.F. C. Beeson), ex Sal.

Type in the British Museum. :

The length given above does not include the processes on

the elytra.

Spherotrypes 4-tuberculatus, sp. n.

Head and prothorax variegated in colour, owing to minute

scales, the elytra reddish brown, darker towards the base.

Front flat, centrally covered with minute forked scales, which

become smaller laterally ; the surface behind the eyes and

the vertex very dark in colour and finely rugose, with a

transverse row of longish hairs over the epistoma; the upper

portion of the bipartite eyes very flat and widely separated

new Scolytide and Platypodide. 151

from the lower, the mandibles broad, especially basally.

Prothorax transverse, gradually narrowed anteriorly and

clothed with small scales interspersed with larger ones ; a

subtriangular dark patch extends from the anterior margin,

narrowing to the centre; anteriorly transversely depressed,

the basal extension somewhat acute. Scufel/um elongate

and rugose. Elytra slightly broader and twice as long as

the prothorax, the strize furnished with uniseriate subrect-

angular impressions, the interstices subconvex, rugose basally,

coarsely and irregularly punctured, the first interstices with

uniseriate, the remainder with more or less irregular biseriate

stumpy scales, which become uniseriate towards the apex, the

scales on the lateral interstices are longer and more slender;

the sutural edges are furnished with rows of very minute

hairs; the elytral base is transversely rugose with a crenate

margin, but not overlapping the prothorax ; the second and

third interstices terminate in a strong tubercle, a similar but

smaller tubercle being visible at the junction of the fifth,

sixth, seventh, and eighth interstices ; there are two or three

tubercles on the third and fifth interstices on the declivity.

The female is slightly larger than the male, and the elytral

tubercles are much smaller and indistinct, there is also a faint

longitudinal median elevation on the front of the latter.

¢. Length 3 mm.; breadth 2-2 mm.

9. Length 3°3 mm. ; breadth 2°3 mm.

Assam, Chittagong (C. F. C. Beeson), ex Drimycarpus

racemosus.

Type in the British Museum.

NXy/eborus perparvus, sp. n.

Elytra and anterior portion of the prothorax dark brown

to black. Front subconvex, minutely granular, with pune-

tures towards the vertex and a transverse row of hair

over the epistoma. Prothorax slightly longer than broad, the

sides nearly parallel to the apical third and then rounded

to the front ; anteriorly transversely rugose to the centre,

which is not raised, posteriorly scantily punctured, the

punctures rather more marked near the base, which is slightly

sinuate. Hlytra equal in breadth and a third longer than

the prothorax, obscurely striate basally and more or less

trausversely rugose, the interstices flat, with piliferous

punctures, to about the centre, and then with piliferous

tubercles to the apex ; the declivity abrupt and opaque, the

strie very faintly punctate and broad ; viewed dorsally the

apex is seen to be furnished with tubercles, which are con-

tinued on the seventh interstice some distance up the sides ;

152 Baron Francis Nopesa on the probable

the uniseriate hairs on the striz are much shorter than those

on the interstices.

Length 1:7 mm. ; breadth 0°6 mm.

Bengal: Kurseong Div.

Xyleborus major, Stebb., 3.

Yellowish-brown elytra, the prothorax reddish. Front

narrow, centrally flat, and shining ; anteriorly with a short,

longitudinal, central depression and laterally with large

piliferous punctures; deeply hollowed towards the vertex,

laterally sharply angled, the facets of the eyes coarse.

Prothorax subglobose posteriorly, but extended and narrowed

forwards and downwards over the head, the front and sides

of the extension being contracted and recurved, with a

central anterior erect tubercle, laterally rounded; rugose

anteriorly as far as the central transverse node, posteriorly

polished plain, and slightly depressed centrally, rather

coarsely punctured laterally, and clothed with long and very

fine hairs ; the frontal extension viewed dorsally is rugose,

with a central carina, the sides darker in colour, the exposed

under surface of the anterior extension is coarsely punctured

aud hairy. H/ytra narrower than the broadest part of the pro-

thorax, and about one-tenth longer (including the extension),

striate-punctate, the strize furnished with series of short

hairs; the interstices slightly convex, with uniseriate

piliferous punctures (the hairs being very long), these

punctures being replaced on the declivity by piliferous -

tubercles ; the sides of the elytra are subparallel to the apical

fourth, and are thence abruptly narrowed to form the some-

what acute apex.

Length 4°5 mm. ; breadth 1:7 mm.

Khariabander, P.F., Lower ''ondu (C. F. C. Beeson), ex Sal.

Type in the British Museum.

XV.—On the probable Habits of the Dinosaur Struthiomimus,

By Baron Francis Nopcsa, Foreign Corresp. Geol. Soc.

London,

I;VER since the discovery of Struthtomimus its mode of life

has been a puzzle to American paleontologists, and, as far as

I am aware, no satisfactory explanation has yet been found.

Though a descendant of some carnivorous theropodous Dino-

saur, Struthiomimus shows an edentulous beak, and thus it

Habits of the Dinosaur Struthiomimus. 153

becomes evident that it did not live in the usual theropodons

manner. ‘The following review of the function of the

different organs of Struthiomimus will, perhaps, shed some

| light on its mode of living :—

(1) The strong muscles of the femur and the slender elon-

gated metatarsus of the hind feet of Struthtiomimus show that

it either hunted itself some very swift-running prey or that

itself was often hunted. For reasons already put forward by

Osborn, the first of these two possibilities has to be eliminated.

The toes of the hind feet are comparatively short and the

phalanges are rather strong. This shows that the foot could

be easily used for scratching or for digging in loose material.

This has likewise been recognized by American palzontolo-

gists, and thus the whole structure of the hind foot proves

that Struthionimus was an inhabitant of the open country,

oer eee

— — le

- —_————_————

A reconstruction of Struthiomimus.

where it raced along at great speed when pursued, and that

it probably avoided marshy ground and such covered with

dense vegetation like brushwood, ferns, or large-leaved

plants. In this regard Struthiomimus came evidently nearer

to the ostrich than to the moa.

(2) The elongated arm-bone of our animal, with its lack

of a well-developed radial crest, shows that the arms of

Struthiomimus were not used for struggling with an opponent

nor for holding live prey, nor for pulling, because all these

movements demand flexion and adduction. In the hand all

three persisting fingers are of equal length, and the thumb

could easily be opposed to the second and third finger.

During the closing of the hand especially, the last phalanges

could be strongly bent, and so it again becomes evident that

154 On the probable Habits of Struthiomimus.

the claws of the opposed fingers could close without the basal

parts of the fingers being brought together.

This structure of the manus 1s altogether different from the

structure of the manus in the sloths, with which it has been

compared, for these have no thumb; therefore its function

was evidently different. Besides this, it differs also from the

hand of climbing, braneh-catching animals, for in these latter

it is of importance that in order to augment the friction, the

whole interior surface of the hand should be applied to the

object it is grasping, and the base of the fingers more so than

the points. Surely the fingers of Struthiomimus were adapted

for holding something, but not for pressing. ‘The hand of

tliis animal seems admirably adapted for lifting objects from

the ground that would be spoilt by pressing and that had no

projections whereby they might be lifted, but were evenly

rounded and smooth all over. By opening the long fingers,

by pushing then the sharp claws of the second and third

digit between such objects and the surface they were laying

on and holding them with the thumbs, such objects might be

surely and easily removed, even when of considerable weight

or size.

By the hypothesis that Struthiomimus used while standing

to lift objects from the ground, we get quite a satisfactory

explanation for the great length of its arms, for these had to

be in correlation with the strongly elongated hind legs that

served for running.

(3) The edentulous maxillaries of Struthiomimus show

that the maxillary was not used for the trituration or the

crushing of the food, for if it crushed its food it is difficult to

understand why its teeth should have been reduced. This

militates against its having eaten erabs, crayfish, sea-urchins,

or similar material. The sharp and pointed beak indicates

that the tood was of such nature that not comparatively

blunt premaxillaries but a pincers-like object had to be brought

into action, and the stroug muscles of the lower jaw prove

beyond doubt that the object that had to be cut out with

the sharp end of the beak was resistant, and although not

hard, yet tough, and perhaps even leathery. ‘This powerful

musculature is a strong argument against the hypothesis of

Struthiomimus having taken the same sort of food as the

living ostrich or of having lived on soft fruit, leaves, or

insects. Probably it was not leathery material cut by the

beak that served for food, for, firstly, the nutritive value of

all such material is generally small, and, secondly, the

maxillaries would again have been brought into action with

something soft beneath. To assume that the soft part of the

On a Case of Secondary Adaptation in a Tortoise. 155

food ran the risk of being spilt or a if no clean hole was

eut through the leathery covering does not seem hazardons,

It is evident that premaxillary teeth never would be capable

of cutting a neat hole in a leathery bag containing semifluid

material,

(4) That the swallowing of some semifluid material was

likely to be accompanied by a rapid fore-and-aft movement

of the head is not at all surprising. As Osborn pointed out,

the existence of such movements in Struthiom/mus is rendered

probable by the structure of the cervical vertebra.

(5) Since remains of Struthiomimus occur frequently in

seashore deposits, we can assume that it was frequently to be

met with on sandy beaches, where it could rush along on the

sand and avoid muddy regions.

Summing up, we may assume that Struthiomimus frequently

found its food in the sand along the shore, uncovered it with

its hind legs, lifted it with its hands, opened the leathery

covering with the beak, and swallowed the semifluid contents,

jerking its head while swallowing. So Struthiomimus seems

to have been an egg-devouring Dinosaur of the very worst

sort, frequently pursued by the animals whose nests he

robbed.

That reptile eggs were abundant during all the Mesozoic

period, and that they were also then especially abundant on

dry and sandy beaches, is beyond doubt. As to the appa-

rently curieus feature of a carnivorous Dinosaur becoming

adapted to the eating of eggs, this is paralleled in the Varanidz

and the snake Dasypeltis, ,

To convey to the general reader an idea of how Struthio-

mimus probably behaved when robbing a nest, a reconstruction

is given herewith (p. 153).

London, March 1922.

XVI.—A Case of Secondary Adaptation in a Tortoise. By

Baron Francis Nopcsa, Foreign Corresp. Geol. Soc.

London.

IN all tortoises possessing a well-developed plastron and no

large mesoplastron, the middle elements—viz., hyoplastron

and hypoplastron—are always at least as long as each of the

terminal elements—viz., epiplastron (entoplastron) and

xiphiplastron. Exceptions are only to be found in the

Chelydide and Cinosternide. Sometimes, especially in

156 Ona Case of Secondary Adaptation in a Tortoise.

primitive Jurassic and Eocene groups (Plesiochelyide and

Benide), this difference is very marked,

Evidently the great cranio-caudal length of the middle

elements of the plastron of tortoises yepresents the stage of

development attained by all tortoises “after suppression of the

mesoplastron.

It is not without interest to investigate why the Cino-

sternide make an exception to this rule, for within this group

the median bony elements of the plastron show a very

remarkable shortening. Among the Dermatemyide (as

defined by Hay), apart from forms provided with a normal

well-developed plastron, others also are to be met with

where the plastron is more or less reduced (Agomphus, Hoplo-

chelys, and Baptemys tricarinata). In these cases the

reduction of the plastron acts in the first instance upon the

middle elements, which become shortened to such an extent

as to form a sort of cruciform plastron,

A perfectly cruciform plastron is to be met with in the

family Chelydride and in Staurotypus. In these animals

the middle elements of the plastron are much shortened on

both sides, while the terminal elements (epiplastra and xiphi-

plastra) show a cranio-caudal stretching, as if their distal

parts had been fixed to something that prevented them from

yielding to the shortening of the middle region. The shape

of such a plastron is very much the same as that of a

diamond-shaped piece of indiarubber that has become com-

pressed on either side while it was fixed at its two ends.

Since it is a well-known fact that in all primitive tortoises

(Amphichelyide) and alsoin the Dermatemyide the scapular

and pelvic arch adhere more strongly to the distal parts of

the plastron than in all the other Cryptodira, this explains

the cruciform shape.

I firmly believe that in all these primitive and relatively

flat tortoises the scapular and pelvic arches formed internal

pillars, whose functions were much the same as the great

convexity of the shell in later terrestrial forms—namely, to

protect the shell from being crushed.

Siebenrock demonstrated in the ‘Sitzungsberichte’ of the

Vienna Academy in 1907 (pages 537-538) tliat all the Cino-

sternidx# with strongly developed plastron (group C. cruen-

tatum) originate with Cinosternide where the plastron has

the shape “of a cross (group C. odoratum). To support his

argument he mentions the existence of an entoplastron in

Staurotypus and the existence of one or two flexible joints in

the plastron of the group C. cruentatum. ‘These observations

On Fossil Arthropods in the British Museum. 157

of Siebenrock show in a convincing manner that the enlarge-

ment of the plastron in the group C. eruentatum is due to a

secondary process, The enlargement not being attainable

by the growth of the middle elements, which were already

undergoing a reduction in the primitive Cinosternids, the

terminal elements were called upon in the course of evolution.

This explains why they attain in the Cinosternide such an

exceptional size. But not only the development, but also

the articulations, in the plastron of the Cinosternidse differ in

regard to their position from the articulation in other forms.

In all tortoises where flexibility of the plastron is developed,

as in Sternotherus, Terrapene, Cyclemys, and Ptychogaster,

the joint is situated on the posterior edge of the hyoplastron,

while it is on the median suture of the four terminal elements

in the Cinosternide.

This detail of minor importance is the reason why in all

tortoises, except Cinosternide, only one part of the plastron

(either the anterior or the posterior) becomes flexible, while

in the Cinosternidee both parts are movable.

The single group of tortoises in which the arrangement of

the plastral elements might have permitted a double move-

ment are those with a large mesoplastron (Sternotherus), but

here, again, the coalescence of the pelvic girdle with the

posterior plastral element prevents such specialization.

A curious trait worth mentioning is the fact that in all

Cinosternide the development of the dermal scutes is in no

way affected by the change in the underlying bones—so that

in this group the dermal elements evidently represent con-

servative parts of the body.

XVII.—Fossil Arthropods in the British Museum.—VIUII.

Homoptera from Gurnet Bay, Isle of Wight. By '’. D. A.

COCKERELL, University of Colorado.

Ix ‘ Annals Entomological Society of America,’ 1917, p. 13,

I estimated that the collections from the Oligocene of Gurnet

Bay would yield at least 200 species. At the present moment,

if we include the three species described below, the list stands

at 154. Perhaps half-a-dozen others have been described

and await publication. Having worked over the collections

at the British Museum, ineluding those sent by Mr. Hooley,

I can affirm that the number of species will conbideeabls

158 Mr. T, D. A. Cockerell on Fossil Arthropods

exceed 200, and may reach 250, or even possibly 300. ‘The

described species are distributed as follows :—

Diptera.—72 species, of which 31 are Tipulide. 5 genera

extinct, out of a total of 44 genera.

Hymenoptera.—51 species. 10 genera extinct, out of a

total of 40 genera. At least 1 additional ant has

been set aside for Mr. Donisthorpe to describe. There

are no bees.

Homoptera.—9 species. 4 genera extinct, out of a total of

9 genera.

Odonata.—4 species, of 4 genera, none extinct. The

collection contains many more dragonflies, which will

be described by Dr. Tillyard.

Orthoptera.—3 species of Gryllidw, of 2 genera, none

extinct. Other Orthoptera, some very fine, remain

undescribed,

Heteroptera.—3 species, placed under two generic names,

probably involving 1 or more extinct genera, but these

not named. ‘There are various species awaiting

description.

Neuroptera,—2 species, of 2 living genera.

Lepidoptera.—2 species, of 2 extinct genera. Other Lepi-

doptera in the collection have been set aside for

Mr. Durrant to describe.

Isoptera.—2 species of the Australian genus Mastotermes.

Trichoptera.—2 species of the living genus Berwodes.

Mecaptera.—1 species of the living genus Panorpa.

Corrodentia.—1 species of the living genus Psocus.

Thysanoptera.—1 species of the living genus Aeolothrips.

Coleoptera.—1 species of the living genus Pterostichus.

Very many other beetles await description.

The total number of extinct genera, as the records stand, is

21. It has seemed surprising that more were not found,

since there are so many extinct genera in the later rocks of

Florissant, Colorado. The discrepancy is no doubt largely

to be explained by the fact that the greatest amount of generic

differentiation occurs in those groups which depend on parti-

cular genera of plants, especially woody plants. These

groups—e. g., Homoptera, Lepidoptera, plant-feeding Coleo-

ptera—have been neglected in the Gurnet Bay fauna, prefer-

ence being naturally given to those insects which could

readily be assigned to definite genera. The generic assigu-

ment of beetle-elytra and fragmentary remains of Hemiptera

is hazardous, aud doubly so when one is not well acquainted

in the British Museum. 159

with the very numerous existing genera, In due time,

however, all these remains must be studied, and the recog.

nizable ones described. When this is done, the Gurnet Bay

list will doubtless show a greater proportion of extinct genera,

Many of the Gurnet Bay genera still live in Britain or in

Europe, but those which do not are mainly to be sought

in the Oriental or Australian regions.

HOMOPTERA.

Cercopide.

Aphrophora (?) woodwardi, sp.n. (Fig. 1.)

Tegmen 6 mm. long, blackish, with thick dark veins;

markings and venation as shown in figure ; the whole surface

is minutely tuberculate or mammillate.

Oligocene of Gurnet Bay, Isle of Wight (Hooley, 619).

Aphrophora woodward, sp. n.

The clavus has become separated and lost. Dr. KE. P.

Van Duzee kindly examined my drawing, and suggested the

reference to the vicinity of Aphrophora. ‘The principal

difference from modern Aphrophora is in the strongly bent

media, which might justify a special generic name. The

general appearance of the insect is suggestive of Cercopis

Jasciata, Heer, 1853, from the Miocene of Radoboj in Croatia.

The name given by Heer is preoccupied by Fabricius, so the

Croatian fossil may be called Cercopis (?) heeri,n.n. The

fossil now described is dedicated to the author who first

reported a Cercopid from the Gurnet Bay deposit, though he

erroneously recorded it as the modern Triecphora sangutno-

lenta, which, aecording to Van Duzee, is the type of Cercopis.

160 On Fossil Arthropods in the British Museum.

Fulgoride (sens. lat.).

HOOLeEYA, gen. nov.

Represented by an imperfect tegmen, showing the following

characters :—Broad, with costal margin straight except at

base ; a distinct costal vein ; subcosta united with radius for

some distance, separating at a very acute angle, and giving

off at least six nearly parallel branches to costa; media with

all four branches separate ; my joined by a cross-vein to

upper branch of cubitus, :

Hooleya indecisa, sp.n. (Fig. 2.)

Length of fragment (base to sixth branch of subcosta)

8 mm. ; dark fuscous throughout, with dark veins.

Fig. 2.

Hooleya indecisa, sp. n.

Oligocene of Gurnet Bay, Isle of Wight, 1886 (Hooley,

1145).

ML F. Muir, the well-known specialist in this group, was

good enough to examine my drawing, and suggests that the

insect may fall in the Derbide, perhaps near to Wesokaha,

Muir. The genus Nesokaha was based on a species from

Ceram, but others occur in the Philippines, and there is one

in Formosa. I had interpreted the insect as a member of

the Cixiide, and Mr. Muir considers this possible. In

Tillyard’s fossil Tvriassocixius there are similar oblique

branches to the costa, but these are considered to come from

the first division of the radius, the subcosta being supposedly

apsent.

Mr. H. BE. Andrewes on Oriental Carabide. 161

HASTITES, gen. nov.

Tegmen elongate; subcosta united with radius for most of

its length, terminating in two branches on costa; radins

simple ; media straight, not forked until far beyond middle

of tegmen, a little beyond separation of subcosta from radius ;

upper branch of media forked, lower simple; cubitus with its

upper branch forked.

Hastites muiri, sp.n. (Fig. 3.)

Tegmen about 5°5 mm. long, 1*8 wide; deep ferruginous as

preserved, with black veins.

Fig. 8.

Hastites muirt, sp. n.

Oligocene of Gurnet Bay, Isle of Wight, 1891 (Hooley,

353).

7 Muir writes that he would place this in the Dictyo-

phoride, near Hasta and Thanatodictya. These genera were

founded by Kirkaldy in 1906 for Australian species.

XVIII.—Papers on Oriental Carabide.—VIII.

By H. E. Anprewes.

Aut the species described in this paper were taken by

Mr. E. A. D’Abreu in the Central Provinces, and nearly

all of them at ornear Nagpur. Some of them are not known

as yet from any otlier locality, but others are apparently

more widely spread, and three of them I took myself many

years ago at Belgaum, in the south of the Bombay

Presidency. Mr. D’Abreu has kindly allowed me to retain in

my collection the types of such species as are not already

represented in it.

BeMBIDIINI.

Tachys comptus, sp. 0.

Length 2°5 mm, ; width 1:0 mm.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol, x. ll

162 Mr. Hl. E. Andrewes on Oriental Carabide.

Black, shiny ; prothorax with a faint reddish tinge, base,

margin, and epipleure of elytra and sterna dark red ;

joints 1-4 of antennie, palpi, two spots on each elytron, and

venter testaceous; joints 5-11 of antennz and legs flavescent.

Head couvex and very smooth, labrum and clypeus truncate,

frontal furrows simple, short, and shallow, eyes not very

prominent, antennz hardly reaching beyond base of prothorax.

Prothorax very convex, smooth, a good deal wider than

head, and half as wide again as long, equally contracted at

extremities, but sides of base very oblique close to angles,

so that the part of base in contact with elytra is narrower

than apex, sides strongly and evenly rounded, hind angles

projecting as a small, sharp, acute tooth; median line very

faint, fovez small and rounded, quite close to angle, no

carina, the shallow furrow inside basal border faintly erenu-

late. Llytra convex, ovate, half as wide again as prothorax,

and as much longer than wide; stria 8 deeply impressed,

stria 1 moderately impressed, not nearly reaching base, no

other striz visible, front dorsal pore near base, hind one at

two-fifths from apex, recurved striole deep but not long ;

testaceous spots fairly large, reaching nearly to the site of

stria 2, vaguely margined with red, the front one more or

less triangular, the hind one transverse, placed behind

shoulder and at apical fourth respectively.

Not unlike 7’. pecilopterus, Bates, but distinguished at once

by the simple frontal furrows and the single sutural stria

on the elytra. Darker and a little more elongate, the apical

antennal joints very light; prothorax more convex, sides

more strongly rounded, hind angles acute and projecting ;

front dorsal pore on elytra placed much further forward.

Crentrar Provinces: Nagpur (H. A. D’ Abreu), a dozen ex.

Cuora Nacrur: Ranchi (W. H. Irvine—Ind. Mus.), 1 ex.

Assam: Mangaldai dist., Tezpur (S. W, Kemp—Ind. Mus.),

1 ex.

OopiINt.

Mivvronpgs, gen. nov.

Ligula narrow, a little dilated at apex, bisetose ; para-

gloss wide, rounded, reaching far beyond it, but not

enveloping it. Antenne with joint 3 shorter than4. Palpi

subacuminate at apex, labials with joint 2 unisetose on inner

margin. Mentum small, with a rather shallow siuus and

a triangular tooth. Labrum trisetose, the outer pores much

larger than the central one, which is very small. Prosternum

OO at my ys,

=...

Mr. H. E. Andrewes on Ortental Carabide. 163

much hollowed out beneath, especially near hind angles.

Base of ventral segments strongly crenulate, as in some species

of Craspedophorus.

In other respects this genus agrees with Oodes, though its

very small size, minute head, and chestnut colour give it a

very distinct facies of its own.

Miltodes granum, sp. u.

Length 3°25 mm. ; width 1°6 mm.

Chestnut-brown, margin of elytra a little darker; antenne,

palpi, and legs more or less testaceous. Surface smooth,

moderately shining, shagreened,and microscopically punctate.

Head extremely small (0°5 mm. wide), convex, clypeus with

a seta on each side near front angle, suture very faint,

with three or four ill-defiued punctures along it, eyes rather

large and prominent, antenne reaching basal fourth of elytra.

Prothorar moderately convex, three times as wide as head,

and two-thirds as wide again as long, widest at base, strongly

contracted to apex, base widely arcuate (convexity forwards),

apex slightly emarginate, sides finely bordered and evenly

rounded, hind angles a little less than right, but with the point

rounded off ; median line and hind transverse impression

just visible, surface otherwise smooth and even. Elytra

moderately convex, a shade narrower than prothorax, into

which the base fits almost exactly, half as long again as wide,

sides parallel, base finely bordered from shoulder to stria 3 ;

striz moderately impressed and finely punctate, none of them

quite reaching either base or apex, or joining the adjacent

striz, scutellary striole short, stria 1 hardly reaching forward

beyond its extremity, a large umbilicate pore at base of stria

2, intervals almost flat, 3 without setiferous pores. Pro-

sternal process finely bordered and rounded at apex ;

metepisterna louger than wide; veutral surface strigose,

chiefly in a longitudinal direction, segment 1 with a trans-

verse sulcus. Legs slender and elongate.

I do not know of any species among the Oodini with which

I can usefully compare this, but it can hardly be confused

with any other Eastern species at present described. At the

first glance it suggests one of the smaller species of the genus

Alphitobius (Tenebrionide ), but the resemblance is, of course,

only a superficial one.

Centra Provinces: Nagpur (£. A. D’ Abreu), 1 ex., 2,

“under weeds.”

164 Mr. H. BE. Andrewes on Oriental Carabidee.

DRIMOSTOMINI.

Celostomus ruber, sp. 0.

Length 5°0-5°5 mm. ; width 2°0-2°2 mm.

Dark red, elytra and metasternum a little lighter, joints

4-10 of antenne and middle of venter darker, palpi

testaceous. Surface moderately shiny and appearing rather

greasy.

Head rather small, moderately convex behind, flat in front,

sides strongly bordered, a distinct rounded angle at each

front corner, frontal furrows rather short and deep, divergent

behind, and uneven at bottom, eyes small and rather flat,

antennz incrassate towards the apex but hardly moniliform,

reaching a little beyond base of prothorax, pubescent from

middle of joint 4. Prothorax quadrate and rather flat, a good

deal wider than head, a third as wide again as long, rather

wider at base than apex, base truncate, apex slightly

emarginate, sides very lightly rounded in front, and equally

lightly sinuate before base, only slightly contracted behind,

border very fine, a pore at hind angle, but no marginal setz

are visible on any of the specimens, hind angles projecting

a little laterally and slightly acute; median line deep,

reaching base but not apex, base depressed between fovez,

which are wide and deep, converging a little and pointed in

front, reaching base behind, which—regarded vertically—is

strongly bisinuate ; surface nearly smooth, a few punctures

near hind angles, and usually traces of puncturation or

crenulation in the depressions and marginal channel. /ytra

convex, short-ovate, rather pointed behind, where the margin

is distinctly sinuate, three-quarters as wide again as prothorax,

less than half as long again as wide, sides strongly contracted

at base, an obtuse tooth projecting forwards at shoulder,

basal border distinct ; striz shallow, deeper at apex, finely

and closely punctate, stria 1 continued nearly to basal border,

a large pore at base of 3, 1-2 and 7 deep to apex, 3-6 not

reaching apex, intervals flat on disk, convex near apex,

8 wider near apex, with a series of very large umbilicate pores,

widely interrupted at middle, surface smooth. Underside

smooth along median line, coarsely punctate at sides, pro-

aud metasternum channelled, prosternal process with a

large pore at apex, metasternum bordered between the meso-

cox, metepisterna elongate, ventral segments crenulate at

base, as in some species of Craspedophorus. Legs rather

short, protibiz with one or two minute spines near apex of

outer margin, tarsal joints throughout short and small, joint

Mr. H. E. Andrewes on Oriental Carabide. 165

1 equalling 2 +3, joints 1-2 in protarsi not obliquely dilated,

nor are joints 1-3 enlarged in any of the specimens (from

which I conclude that all are probably ? 2).

Centrau Provinces: Nagpur (2. A. D’ Abreu) ,5 ex. (two

at light).

I have dissected out the buccal organs, as also those of an

example of C. picipes, Macl., and find them to be almost

exactly alike, except that in the new species the spines on

the inner margin of the maxille appear to be rather more

numerous. Nevertheless, owing to the very different facies,

I put the species into the genus Celostomus with great

hesitation, but before making a new genus I am inclined

to await the discovery of ¢ specimens, which I hope

Mr. D’Abreu may soon find. It differs from C. picipes

chiefly in the different form of the prothorax, the very light

striation of the elytra, the different form of the protarsi, and

the greasy-looking surface. As far as the tarsi go, the species

is more nearly related to Drimostoma, but I am inclined to

think that that genus is hardly separable from Celostomus.

ANCHOMENINI.

Anchomenus indicus, sp. 0.

Length 7-0-7°5 mm.; width 2°6-3:0 mm.

Black, upper surface zenescent, elytra slightly iridescent ;

joint 1 of antennz, side-margins of prothorax, extreme apex

of elytra, and legs more or less red-brown, apex of palpi

testaceous. Surface moderately shiny.

Head moderately convex, smooth, frontal fovez short and

shallow, clypeal suture fine but clear, eyes fairly prominent,

antenne rather thick, joints 1-3 glabrous, reaching basal

fourth of elytra. Prothorax moderately convex, distinctly

wider than head and a third as wide again as long, equally

contracted at extremities, sides of base oblique, apex bordered,

front angles rounded but projecting slightly forwards, sides

rounded, bordered in front only, rather strongly reflexed,

more widely so towards base, almost angulate at middle,

no sinuation behind, hind angles very strongly rounded,

the hind pore forming a distinct notch on the margin,

front pore in the marginal channel at two-fifths from apex ;

median line rather fine, foveze elongate, very deep close to

base, diverging forwards, surface nearly smooth and rather

dull. Elytra convex, ovate, rather pointed behind, base

bisinuate, nearly two-thirds as wide again as prothorax, and

as much longer than wide; rather finely but clearly striate,

the striz with fine close-set punctures, intervals nearly flat,

166 Mr, H. E. Andrewes on Oriental Carabide.

3 with three inconspicuous pores, surface smooth, a little

more shiny than head and prothorax. Underside smooth,

metepisterna elongate. Upper surface of tarsi with two

grooves, separated by a fine ridge; on the protarsi the

grooves are less impressed and visible only on joints 1-2.

Very similar in form to A. chinensis, Boh., but a good

deal smaller and rather more elongate, the legs and base

of antenne darker. Head similar; prothorax less evenly

rounded at sides, which are more reflexed behind, the angles

a little more evident ; elytra distinctly narrower, with less

rounded sides, the punctured strive exactly similar ; tarsi

furrowed in just the same way.

Cenrrat Provinces: Bhiwapur dist. and Seoni dist.,

Khawasa, 2000 ft. (#. A. D’ Abreu), 2 ex., ¢ 2. Bomsay:

Belgaum dist., Tudia (H. EH. Andrewes),1 ex., 3.

GALERITINI.

Planetes indicus, sp. 0.

Length 8°0-8°5 mm. ; width 2°4—2°8 mm.

Black above, piceous beneath; joint 1 of antenne, femora,

and tibie light testaceous, rest of antenne, palpi, clypeus,

labrum, and tarsi a little darker. Pubescence rather long

and conspicuous.

Head rather wide and moderately convex, surface shiny,

coarsely punctate, more sparsely on disk, neck constricted,

smooth behind, eyes rather prominent, hairy, antenne thick,

a fine dark engraved line along middle of each of the joints

5-11. Prothorax cordate, a little convex, not much wider

than head and very little wider than long, contracted about

equally at extremities, but widest at apical fourth, sides of

base oblique, apex emarginate at middle, sides lightly rounded

and gently sinuate behind, hind angles only a little more

than right, a slight notch in front of them, where the hind

setiferous pore is placed ; median line, basal impression, and

fovee all moderately deep, surface moderately shiny, finely

but not closely punctate, densely along base. Elytra flat,

only a fourth as wide again as prothorax, in the form of

a rectangular figure, half as long again as wide, with rounded

corners, base emarginate, border sharply rounded at shoulder;

cost very fine, the primary ones hardly more noticeable

than the secondaries, surface dull. Underside punctate, but

shiny.

Evidently very near P. immaculatus, Schaum, the type of

which I have not seen. Ido not know whether either Bates

MPa EAs ape'

Mr. IT. E. Andrewes on Oriental Carabide. 167

or Chandoir had seen it, though both refer to the species.

I have been able to examine the example so named by the

former (Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1889, p. 280), and I think his

determination is correct. The new species is rather smaller

and narrower; head more coarsely punctate ; prothorax

narrower, less rounded at sides, more coarsely punctate

(though less so than head); elytra narrower, costz a little

narrower.

Cenrrat Provinces: Nagpur, 5 ex., Telinkheri, 1 ex.

(E. A. D Abreu).

ZuPuHIINI.

Zuphium indicum, sp. n.

Length 11:0 mm. ; width 3:75 mm.

Ferruginous, underside, joint 1 of antennz, and margins

of prothorax darker, head, prothorax, and border of elytra

red, elytra slaty-black. Pubescence extremely short and fine.

Head very convex behind, flat in front, surface very shiny,

though finely punctate, more sparsely on disk, eyes small,

genee large and evenly rounded, antenne slender, reaching

fully to apex of elytra. Prothorazr cordate, slightly convex,

half as wide again as head and a shade longer than wide, a

good deal more contracted behind than in front, sides gently

rounded and sinuate at a short distance from base, front

angles much rounded, hind angles slightly obtuse, reflexed,

not very sharp; median line fine, a little depressed at

extremities, fovee elongate, curving outwards in front, sur-

face very finely and closely punctate, confluently in the fovee,

moderately shiny. lytra flat, with oblique, but distinct

shoulders, sides very gently rounded, almost parallel, rather

more than half as wide again as prothorax, and as much

longer than wide; striz (for the genus) rather deeply

impressed, more faintly near apex, very finely and closely

punctate, intervals flat, the odd ones almost imperceptibly

raised, a large pore at base of stria 1, pores of marginal series,

which is widely interrupted, very large, the marginal channel

fairly wide, surface very finely and closely punctate, very

glossy in appearance and consequently moderately shiny.

Underside finely and nearly uniformly punctate, rather more

shiny than upper surface.

Closely allied to Z. formosum, Bates, but easily distinguished

by its immaculate elytra. Head less closely punctate and

more shiny, front not depressed, antenns with joint 1 much

darker than the other joints ; prothorax a little wider in

168 Mr. H. E. Andrewes on Oriental Carabidae.

front, hind angles hardly projecting; elytra a little wider,

the marginal channel wider, striz deeper, intervals flat, the

surface more evenly punctate.

Centra Provinces: Nagpur, 1000 ft. (EZ. A. D’ Abreu),

5 ex.

Zuphium d’abreui, sp. n.

Length 7-5-8°0 mm. ; width 2°75-3-0 mm.

Ferruginous (ventral surface and legs rather lighter), head,

prothorax, border of elytra, suture near apex, and a shoulder-

spot reddish, side-margins and base of prothorax, and elytra

piceous-black. Pubescence short and fine.

Head convex behind, flat in frout, rather sparsely punctate

and very shiny, eyes of moderate size, gene short, curving

round sharply behind, antennz hardly reaching apex of

elytra. Prothorax cordate, slightly convex, a third as wide

again as head, and hardly longer than wide, contracted more

behind than in front, lightly rounded in front and sinuate

at basal fifth, front angles rounded, but distinct, hind angles

right, not very sharp, moderately reflexed and projecting a

little laterally ; median line very fine, the surrounding area

slightly depressed, especially near base, fovee short but

fairly deep, surface finely and closely punctate, a little more

coarsely in the foveze, moderately shiny. lytra flat, with

oblique shoulders, sides parallel, two-thirds as wide again as

prothorax, hardly more than half as long again as wide;

strize extremely shallow and perceptible chiefly because the

intervals are slightly convex, though faint punctures are

visible here and there, the odd a very little more raised than

the even, a small pore on each side of scutellum at base of

stria 1, surface finely, closely, and uniformly punctate. The

red spot covers the shoulder and extends backwards to

a third from base, inwards to about stria 3. Surface

moderately glossy. Underside very finely punctate.

Of nearly the same size and shape as Z. erythrocephalum,

Chaud., but the shoulder-spot covers a more restricted area

and there is no common apical spot. Head more sparsely

punctate and consequently more shiny, eyes more prominent ;

prothorax a little less closely punctate and rather wider in

front; elytra with shoulders more prominent, striz less

evident, the puncturation less close and more even.

CenTraL Provinces: Nagpur (£. A. D’ Abreu), 4 ex.

Bombay: Belgaum (H. E. Andrewes), 2 ex. Two of the

Nagpur and one of the Belgaum examples were taken flying

to light.

Mr. H. BE. Andrewes on Oriental Carabide. 169

MASOREINI.

Aiphnidius rubidus, sp. n.

Length 4°0-4'75 mm. ; width 15-2 0 mm.

Head, side and hind margins of prothorax, and underside

piceous, middle of sterna and last ventral segment lighter ;

front of head, prothorax, and apical border of elytra dark

red; elytra black; palpi, antennz, and legs testaceous.

Surface generally rather dull, very finely shagreened.

Head convex and very smooth, clypeal suture slightly

eurved, very faint, hardly visible at sides, eyes small and

prominent, antenne rather slender, reaching a little beyond

base of prothorax. Prothorax moderately convex, half as

wide again as head, and as much wider than long, base

truncate, finely bordered (except at middle), apex emarginate,

sides gently rounded and finely bordered, more contracted

in front than behind, a seta before middle and another at hind

angle, front angles slightly rounded but prominent, hind

angles obtuse, but not much rounded ; median line short and

fine, impressions obsolete, the hind one just visible at middle,

surface smooth and even. Elytra only slightly convex, of

same width as prothorax and about two-thirds as long again

as wide, base slightly emarginate, sides parallel, contracted

close to shoulder ; stria 1 sharply impressed (except close to

base), the other strie just visible and extremely finely

punctate, intervals quite flat, 1 narrowing from base to apex,

3 without pores, marginal channel with few but large

setiferous pores, a long pore on each side of scutellum; sur-

face sericeous, but rather dull, quite without the mottled

appearance of A. adelioides, Macl. Underside smooth and

shiny, hind tarsi very long and slender.

A little smaller and narrower than A. simplex, Schm. Goeb.,

and otherwise coloured, the surface a little less dull. Head

and prothorax very similar in form, latter with sides rather

less rounded, elytra with more parallel sides, stria 1 more

deeply impressed, the other inner striz more effaced.

CrentraL Provinces: Nagpur (2. A. D’ Abreu), many ex.

Bombay: Khandesh (7. R. D. Bell); Belgaum (//, EB. An-

drewes). Mapras: Madura (C. Somers-Smith).

Some of the Nagpur specimens came to light. I took the

Belgaum specimens during the two rainy seasons of 1886-7,

nearly all near water.

170 Mr. C. N. Barker on

XITX.—New South African Species of the Genus Chleenius

(Carabide). By C. N. Barker, F.E.S. (of the Durban

Museum).

Tue types of these five species are contained in the Durban

Museum Collection. Co-types of C. orbiculicollis (a male)

and of C. cavilabrum (a female) are retained in the col-

aa of the donor, the Rev. J. A. O’Neil, of Salisbury,

Rhodesia. he other three species are unique,

Chlenius orbiculicollis.

Length 124} mm.; width 5 mm.

Briefly pubescent above, glabrous beneath ; head and pro-

thorax metallic greenish blue, shiny ; elytra deep violaceous

blue, less shiny, and with, on either side, a supra-apical

orange subovate spot evenly rounded above, but a little

irregular below, occupying intervals 4 to 7 inclusive.

First three joints of antenne and the palpi reddish testaceous,

the remaining joints of antennz black ; labrum, mandibles

basally, and margins of prothorax narrowly deep red. Legs

testaceous yellow. Underside black, shiny, and iridescent.

Head short, broad, densely and evenly punctate, frontal

fovee subobsolete, transverse suture distinct; palpi: ¢ ¢

terminal joints all securiform, but maxillaries less widely ;

2 2 labials, securiform, maxillaries, short, explanate, and

squarely truncate; antennz: first three joints glabrous, the

remainder pubescent and compressed.

Prothoraz transverse (34X38), densely, deeply punctate,

apex truncate, frontal angles declivous, rounded, and not

produced, sides ampliate, nearly evenly rounded from apex

to base, hind angles obtusely rounded, outer margins very

narrowly reflexed, the groove within shallow, base and apex

about equal in width, the former emarginate, disc convex,

median line indistinct, broadly depressed, but hardly foveate

on either side of base.

Elytra oblong-ovate, alike in both sexes, base about

one-third wider than prothorax at base, shoulders broadly

rounded, widely margined, gently ampliated to beyond middle

and rounded to, with the usual slight sinuation before, apex,

a little convex above, briefly clothed with yellowish pubes-

cence, deeply striate, intervals raised and a little carinate,

densely and minutely punctate.

Underside glabrous, very shiny and iridescent, external

parts remotely but deeply punctate ; abdomen smooth, except

for some superficial plications about lateral margins.

new South African Carabide. 171

Nearly related to C. marleyi, Brkr., but a very distinct

species. Comparing the two species ‘ orbiculicollis” is more

transverse ; the prothorax is wider with the lateral margins

more evenly rounded and there is no trace (though it is

certainly very obscure in marleyi) of angulation near middle ;

the grooves within the reflexed margins are less deep, the

hind angles are broadly rounded and not sinuately reflexed

above. The head is shorter and broader, the puncturation

stronger, and there is no smooth space on the vertex, the

antennz and palpi are less elongate, the coloration of the

legs different, and the ¢ ¢ are not less ovate than the ? ?,

whereas in ‘‘ marleyi” there is a considerable difference in

in this respect.

Described from one male and one female example.

Hab. Salisbury, 8. Rhodesia. Collected by the Rev. J. A.

O'Neil.

Chlenius o’neili, sp. n.

Length 15 mm.; width 6 mm.

Black ; head and prothorax «neous, the former broadly

suffused with metallic green frontally, the Jatter less con-

spicuously within the lateral margins; outer margins of

prothorax, legs. labrum, mandibles, palpi, and three first

joints of antennz reddish testaceous, the remaining joints of

the latter deep brown and pubescent.

Head plane, irregularly, remotely punctate with some

inconspicuous plications posteriorly, frontal fovez obsolete,

represented by two impressions impinging on the clypeal

suture ; palpi short, terminal joints gradually widened to

apex and abruptly truncated.

Prothorax transverse, one-fourth wider than long, apex

truncate, angles very declivous and briefly rounded; borders

at apex narrowly reflexed and grooved, the grooves gradually

widening towards and becoming obsolescent above hind

angles; sides gently ampliate to near middle, thence

straightly but with a slight upturned sinuation contracted

to the obtuse posterior angles ; base wider than apex, very

shallowly emarginate medially, and with some rather long

sparse pubescence basally and laterally; disc anteriorly very

finely vermiculate, becoming denser towards base and sides ;

median line distinct from apex to base, and with a seriate

row of punctures on either side of it ; basal fovez broad and

deep, rugosely punctate, as well as base between and to

angles.

Elytra oblong-ovate, sparsely pubescent, denser mar-

ginally, forming a band, a little wider than prothorax at

172 Mr. C. N. Barker on

base, shoulders sloping, sides very gently rounded to and a

very little sinuate immediately before apex; strie fine,

intervals hardly raised, densely and more or less confluently

punctulate.

Beneath glabrous, very shiny, with a few shallow remote

punctures about the sternal parts.

The short robust palpi with widened, squarely truncate

apices of the terminals places this species with fulvipes,

Chd., and simplex, Wied.,in Bonelli’s group Dinodes. It is,

however, very distinct from these species. In size, shape,

and also sculpture it is hardly distinguishable from C, bipus-

tulatus, Boh., which has also similar palpi and male anterior

tarsi.

The three basal joints of the tarsi are very transverse, the

first broadly triangular, second and third quadrate, and each

of them of nearly equal length and width.

Described from a single male example captured by the

Rev. J. A. O’Neil, after whom I have the pleasure of

naming it.

Hab. Salisbury, S. Rhodesia.

Chlenius cavilabrum, sp. n.

Length 153-16 mm.; width 6-63 mm.

Briefly pubescent; head and prothorax metallic green,

the latter narrowly margined with red, and with the larger

portion of the disc in centre and to base suffused with

coppery bronze. Legs, labrum, palpi, and three first joints

of antenne testaceous yellow, the remaining joints of latter

darker and pubescent. LElytra dull zneous, more or less

suffusedly greenish laterally; a yellow marginal band

extends from shoulder to apex, occupying the intervals to

the eighth stria; below shoulder, for a short distance, it

invades the interval, and at a point a little above the coales-

cence of the striz posteriorly it is abruptly widened into an

elongate patch occupying intervals 7, 6, and 5, and continues

gradually attenuated to apex.

Head: sides and basal part coarsely irregularly punctate

with finer punctures intermixed, front and vertex aciculate

with a few remote punctures, neck smooth, frontal fovez

subobsolete, Jabrum short, smooth, truncate, with a broad

saucer-like depression occupying the middle space; palpi

elongate, cylindrical, the last joint a little shorter than the

penultimate, the apices squarely truncated ; antennz long,

filiform, setose, hardly compressed, three first joints glabrous,

the remainder pubescent.

Prothoraz transverse (44 mm. x 3} mm.), a little wider at

new South African Carabide. 173

base than at apex, front nearly straight, angles rounded and

declivous, sides very gradually ampliated to middle, thence

obliquely and slightly contracted to hind angles, which are

bluntly right, base broadly, shallowly emarginate, disc

coarsely, somewhat remotely punctate about ceutre, more

densely at apex and very densely about base and in the

depressions, a little convex, declivous frontally, median line

short, shallow, reaching neither apex nor base, lateral foveze

moderately deep but not reaching base, lateral margins

narrowly reflexed.

Elytra hardly wider than prothorax at bases, scutellum

smooth, shoulders sloping, briefly ampliated below, thence

for two-thirds the length a little explanate, and below

rounded without sinuation to apex, striz narrow, moderately

deep, not or hardly perceptibly punctate, intervals very

slightly raised, densely shagreeued, and briefly pubescent.

Underside piceous red ; shiny, remote setose punctures on

all the sternal parts, venter smooth impunctate, margins of

prosternal process carinate,

This species bas a very distinctive feature in the labrum,

which, in each of the three female examples before me, has

a conspicuous circular saucer-like depression which occupies

the greater part of the middle space.

Like “ senegalensis, Gory,” “cavilabrum” is pubescent

and similarly patterned, but both the author and Lacordaire

place that species in thesubgenus Epomis next to “E. capensis,

Chd.’ If this be its correct position, ‘ cavilabrum”’ is

widely separated from it by the shape of its palpi, which are

long and cylindrical like those of “ capicola” and “ mendax”

of Chaudoir.

It is also considerably smaller than “ senegalensis,” and,

judging by the description, for I have not seen the species,

the prothorax is much wider at base.

Described from three female examples.

Hab. Salisbury (2) and Umtali, 8S. Khodesia. Received

from the Rev. J. A. O'Neil.

Chlenius (Epomis) alternatus, sp. 0.

Length 17 mm. ; width 7 mm,

Head and prothorax coppery, with green reflections in

strong light about margins ; elytra opaque zneous, merging

into coppery metallic about base and sides, outer margins to

the eighth strize bordered with bright metallic green. First

three joints of antenne, palpi, and legs deep testaceous

yellow; remaining joints of antenne black and pubescent,

cpistome and mandibles reddish, piceous apically.

Head coriaceous, plicate-punctate on either side above eyes,

174 Mr. C. N. Barker on

more regularly punctate posteriorly; frons and epistome with

a shallow sulcation on either side; terminal joints of palpi

gradually incrassate from bases and diagonally truncated ;

first three joints of antennze smooth, with some spaced setae

on the upper side, joints beyond filiform, compressed, and

pubesceut.

Prothorax transverse (5mm. by 4 mm.), densely rugose-

punctate, about posterior margins and base the punctures

more or less confluent, apex broadly emarginate, angles

declivous, a little produced and rounded, sides very gently

ampliated to middle, then a little sinuately drawn in to base,

which is about one-third wider than apex, hind angles

obtuse, base sinuate on either side and conspicuously emar-

ginate medially, dise a little convex, declivous frontally,

median line narrow, reaching both apex and base, the lateral

fovee elongate and deep, but not quite reaching base.

Elytra oblong-ovate, at base very little wider than pro-

thorax, bisinuate, humeral angles sharp, below ampliated

for a short distance and then very gently rounded to and

hardly sinuate before apex, above a little convex, very

declivous posteriorly, striz closely punctate, the suture and

alternate intervals a little more raised, all of them carinate

and more or less regularly and finely seriate punctate in

double lines.

Underside black, shiny, and a little iridescent, glabrous,

but with some large superficial punctures on the prosternum

and the metepisternal parts, and faint transverse aciculations

on the sides of the venter.

Very distinct from any species known to me. The shape

of the prothorax is similar to that of C. cavilabrum, mihi, a

little more transverse and less declivous about sides of front.

The elytra are also more ovate.

My only example is a female, but the labial palpi, though

hardly securiform, are widely dilate and evidently entitle

the species to be placed in or near the Epomis section.

The alternately raised elytral intervals, their seriate

puncturation, and the bright metallic-green margins give

the species some very striking characters.

Hab. Umtali,S. Rhodesia. Collected by A. Bodong, who

(teste the Rev. J. A. O’Neil) had two examples in his

possession, labelled C. cupricollis, a species I have no

record of.

Chlenius salisburiensis, sp. u.

Length 12 mm.; width 5 mm.

Black, very shiny, apterous; head metallic green ; pro-

thorax purplish metallic with obscure greenish’ reflections

new South African Carabide. 175

about disc, and more conspicuous within lateral margins ;

elytra very dark purple, less brightly metallic than prothorax,

margins obscurely bluish green; base of mandibles,

palpi, and two first joints of antennz reddish testaceous,

remaining joints of latter and the labrum piceous. Under-

side and legs (except the tarsi, which are dark red) black.

Head aciculate and with some faint plications and punc-

tures on either side above and between the eyes, frontal

foveze and transverse suture obsolete, the carine bounding

the frons prominently developed; labrum very short and

emarginate ; mandibles elongate and hardly arcuate.

Antenne subfiliform, short (reaching about one-fourth the

length of elytra), first joint swollen, as long as third, joints

above third compressed, and very gradually widening to

seventh or eighth.

Prothorax trapeziform, 34 mm. wide by 2} mm. long,

truncate at apex, angles hardly produced, rounded, de-

pressed, sides geutly explanate to middle, thence straight to

posterior angles, which are bluntly right, base broadly

emarginate medially, disc a little convex, median line well

defined, not quite reaching either apex or base, lateral

basal sulci elongate, reaching base, lateral margins withiu

reflexed borders, deeply sulcate, the grooves widening out

posteriorly, disc aciculate and with more or less seriate lines

of remote punctures running longitudinally on either side of

middle line, becoming less regular and sparser outwardly,

except in the marginal grooves, median part of apex, lateral

basal sulci, and the base itself densely aciculate punctate.

Elytra soldered, base bisinuate, hardly wider than pro-

thorax at base, scutellum broadly triangular, humeral angles

sharp, subdentate, a little ampliated for a short distance

below, sides parallel for two-thirds the length and gently

rounded to and hardly sinuate before apex ; a little convex

above, striz sulcate, punctate, intervals costate, nearly

smooth, the eighth narrower, carinate, and the space between

it and the outer margins rugosely punctate, the ninth stria

not reaching shoulder, very sparsely pubescent about apex

and posterior margins.

Underside glabrous, with remote shallow punctures on all

the stern, some coarser punctures on the presternum ;

venter smooth, except for some rugosities about sides of

base.

It agrees well with the characters given by Laferté for

his genus lacus (vide vol. i. page 222, ‘Genera des Coléo-

ptéres,’ Lacordaire), especially in the shape of the mentum,

which is exactly as he describes it: “ dent médiane du mentou

176 Dr. William Carruthers.

petite excavié tronquée au bout.” Unfortunately, the author ©

does uot say whether his species is wingless or not. The

species originally allocated to this genus, now relegated to

the list of synonyms of Chlenius are C. carbonarius, Dej.,

and C. stygius, Laferté, both from West Africa. As regards

the abbreviated stria 9, which coalesces with the outer

margin some distance below the shoulder, the same pecu-

liarity occurs in C. clarksoni, mihi, which, though very

different from “ salisburiensis”’ in the shape of the mentum,

has a facies on a larger, more robust scale, not unlike it, and

it is also an apterous species. It appears best placed after

C. clarksoni, mihi, or C. cham, Chd., and between them and

the Calathus-like group of species, to which C. piceus, Chd.,

belongs. All these species are apparently wingless and

approximate to the genus Systolocranius, Chaud., of the

tribe Oodini.

Hab. Salisbury, S. Rhodesia. Collected by the Rev. J. A.

O’Neil. A single female example.

I take this opportunity to correct some verbal errors

which occurred in my paper on “ New Species of Carabide

from South Africa,” which appeared in the January number

of the Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. :—

ERRATA AND CORRIGENDA.

P. 30, last line, for “ extending” read “ which extends.”

P. 51, first line, for “ below it” read “ below the widening.”

P. 37, under description of Chlenius durbanensis, third line, after

“pubescent ” place a semicolon and after “ beneath” eliminate

comma,

P. 58, under description of Chlienius marleyi, paragraph Prothorax, last

two lines, for “with deep basal fovee” read “with a deep

basal fovea.”

P. 47, under description of Callistomimus caffer, Boh., second line, for

“latter” read “ former.”

Dr. Witiiam CARRUTHERS.

WE greatly regret to announce the death of Dr. William Carruthers

at the age of 93. Dr. Carruthers was for forty-five years connected

with the ‘ Annals,’ and was always of great help in conducting the

Magazine.—Ebs,

THE ANNALS

MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY,

[NINTH SERLES.]

No. 56. AUGUST 1922.

XX.—On a Collection of Mammals from Chiromo and Cholo,

Ruo, Nyasaland, made by Mr. Rodney C. Wood, with

Field-notes by the Collector. By P. S. KersHuaw.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

THIS interesting collection of beautifully prepared specimens

is the result of the labours of some years, and adds very

considerably to our knowledge of the distribution of the

smal] mammals of the district. Practically all the collection

was made at Chiromo and Cholo in the Shiré Valley, about

17° §., 35° E.

The fine series of Chiroptera call particularly for notice,

there being no less than twenty-eight species represented,

of which two are new to science. A third novelty is Ura-

nomys woodi from Chilo.

Mr. Wood’s field-notes are distinguished by inverted

commas.

1. Galago (Otolicnus) moholi, A. Smith.

3. 5,298. Cholo, Ruo.

After a comparison of all the material in the British

Museum, I am of opinion that G@. mossambicus, Pet., is

identical with G. moholi. The type of the latter is much

faded, but more recent specimens from the neighbourhood of

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. x. 12

178 Mr. P. 8. Kershaw on

the type-locality are indistinguishable from B.M. specimens

from ‘Tette, the type-locality of G. mossambicus.

“Found throughout Nyasaland, but not very common

except in the low country, where it lives in the dense thickets

and is rarely seen. Also lives among the leaves of the

Hyphene-palm and feeds on its fruit. Said by natives to

eat the gums which exude from various Acacia-trees. Also

various other wild fruits and insects generally. Mang’anja

name ‘ Changa.’”

2. Epomophorus wahlbergi, Sund.

&. 20; 2. 124, 196, 237. Chiromo.

3. Epomophorus crypturus, Pet.

9. 447. Cholo.

4, Taphozous mauritianus, Geoff.

2. 190. Chiromo.

g. 446. Cholo.

«* Have seen this bat resting on the stem of a large tree

head downwards, holding with thumbs as well as hind feet.

When disturbed by endeavouring to catch it with a net, it

moved with astonishing rapidity in any direction, keeping

body in same position. The legs and wings moved so rapidly

as to be almost invisible to the eye, the movement at once

reminding one of that of the local African flat spiders (Pedi-

palpide) on walls in houses. Does not appear to be at all

common.

5. Nycteris capensis, A, Smith.

3. 58, 79, 146, 187, 248, 244; 9. 78, 103, 152, 245,

Chiromo.

Nos. 243 and 244 in the red phase.

6. Nycteris hispida, Schreb.

dg. 147,148; ¢. 145. Chiromo.

“All the species of Nycteris appear to have mueh the

same habits locally. ‘Their chief haunt is the hollows of

large trees in the forests, particularly the tree known locally

by its native name ‘njale, a species of Sterculia, which

ox Argine yen.

Mammals from Nyasaland. 179

nearly always gets completely hollow for all the length of

its trunk when very large and old. | have never examined

one of these trees without finding numbers of Vycterds in it,

and they appear to be extremely numerous in the low country

up to 1000 or 2000 feet; but, so far, I have not managed to

take them in the ‘ Highlands’ of 3000 ft. and over. They

also frequent hollow fallen trees, culverts, ete., but I lave

never found them in hollow palms, although I have examined

hundreds of them, This is possibly because the latter are

almost always tenanted by numbers of Scotophilus, Mops, ete.

Occasionally found in the roofs of houses and deep holes in

ground,”

7. Nycteris oriana, sp. n.

9. 57, 312. Chiromo.

A member of the @thiopica group, with long ears and tail,

approaching V. luteola, 'Vhos., in size.

The body is clothed with long soft hairs, a dirty white

colour on the dorsal surface for the greater part of their

length, tipped with brown, the general result being a light

pinkish brown. The haiis of the ventral surface are écru-

drab throughout their length. The edge of the wing-mem-

brane from the ankle for about 21 mm. is fringed with light-

coloured hairs. The shape of the tragus is as that figured by

Dobson in the ‘ Catalogue of Chiroptera’ for V. macrotis.

Type. Female. B.M. no, 22. 4. 25.3. Original number

312. Collected on June 7th, 1918, and presented by

Mr. Rodney C. Wood.

Type-locality. Chiromo, Shiré Valley, Nyasaland.

Dimensions of the type :—

Forearm 53 mm.; head and body 67°5; tail 63; ear 33 ;

thumb 15-2; third finger—metacarp. 44, Ist ph. 24, 2nd ph. 29;

fourth finger—metacarp. 42°5, 1st ph. 16, 2nd ph. 15; fifth

finger—metacarp. 45, Ist ph. 15, 2nd ph. 16°2 ; tibia 25 ;

foot 11; tibia and foot (including claws) 37.

Skull: greatest length to tip of canine 22°3 ; zygomatic

breadth 13°7 ; breadth of frontal shield 8°4 ; length of upper

tooth-row 8°1; py, minute and internal to the tooth-row, not

in it, as in N. ethiopica and N. luteola.

JV. ortana does not appear to be nearly related to any of

the species in the @thiopica group. In size it approaches

NV. luteola, Thos. (which Mr. Thomas now agrees should be

elevated to specific rauk), but differs widely from it in other

respects, such as in the length of the fur (13 mm, in ortana,

12*

180 Mr. P. 8. Kershaw on

9 in Zuteola), and in its colour and texture, the dimensions of

body and skull, the heavier dentition, the position of p3, and

the much larger frontal shield.

8. Rhinolophus hildebrandt, Pet.

9.151. Chiromo.

9. Rhinolophus augur zambesiensis, K. And.

gd. 197; 9. 26,144. Chiromo.

od. 436. Cholo.

10. Rhinolophus lobatus, Pet.

3d. 27, 192, 195, 201, 392; ¢. 38,123. Chiromo.

?. 8. Ruo.

Nos. 8, 27, 38, 123, and 392 in the red phase.

“Generally found hanging from the roof in grass-roofed

buildings, native huts, holes in ground, ete.”

11. Hipposideros caffer, Sund.

&. 54, 62, 171, 180, 221; ¢. 53, 59, 63, 64, 70, 82, 102,

105, 188, 194. Chiromo.

2, 23. Chikonje, near Chiromo.

Nos. 171, 180, and 221 in the red phase.

“Same habits as Lhdnolophus, greatly frequenting

buildings, culverts, ete.”

12. Hipposideros ruber, Noack.

g. 179. Villa Bocage, Shiré River, P.E.A.

?. 168. Chiromo.

Both in the red phase.

13. Hipposideros commersoni marungensis, Noack.

dg. 215, 222, 236; 9. 155, 358, 361. Chiromo.

?. 429. Cholo.

“When a large species of wild fig, known locally as

‘mtundu ’-tree, ripens its fruits all along the stems of its

branches, these bats come around in hundreds, like swarms

of fruit-bats, land on the tree and seize the fruits, fragments of

Mammals from Nyasaland. 181

which are scattered by them all around, and are often carried

to other trees near by, and pieces dropped there. ‘The natives

state that they eat the fruit, and call them by the same name

as the true fruit-bats, 7. e. ‘mleme.’ I wrote this to Mr. Old-

field Thomas, who replied that no Lpposideros was a fruit-

eater. On examination of the figs I found that practically

every fruit was attacked by a large weevil, the larvae of

which were inside the fruit. It is therefore probable that it

is on these weevil larve that the bat is really feeding, and

that they only seize the fruit to tear it apart to get the larve.

But in certain cases the fruit is often chewed into a pulp, as

I have found the remains of it in this condition everywhere

around the trees. Native observation is nearly always un-

reliable, and just seeing the bats seizing the fruits would be

sufficient for them to believe that they were feeding on them.

While the bats are at the trees and dashing on and off the

branches the air is filled with their rather musical piping

note, and the speed at which they travel makes a great

‘rush’ of wings. At other times they are not at all in

evidence, and I have never found them in any ‘ colony.’ ”

14. Myotis bocagei, Pet.

g. 219,401; 9.175. Chiromo.

dg. 125, 128, 180; ¢. 126, 127, 129, 131. Tekerani,

Ruo.

* Inhabits hollow trees in forest.”

15. Myotis welwitschii, Gray.

g. 420. Cholo.

2. 28. Chiromo.

There seems to be no doubt that Vespertilio venustus, Matsch.,

is a synonym of this species. The only difference was one

of size. ‘The forearm of the type of welwitschii is given

in Dobson’s Catalogue as measuring 52 mm. I find that in

reality it measures 54. This measurement for venustus is

given as 56°5. The two specimens now to hand measure

58°2 and 55 respectively, while another specimen in the

B.M. collection from the Transvaal measures 54.

‘“* Appears to be very uncommon.”

16. Pipistrellus nanus, Pet.

3. 67, 72, 75, 153, 157, 172, 241, 242; 2. 49, 50,52,

66, 68, 69, 74, 76, 164, 183, 185, 186, 421, 439. Chiromo.

182 Mr. P. S. Kershaw on

gd. 266, 329; 2. 267, 268, 269, 330, 440, 441. Cholo.

“Very common everywhere, coming freely into houses,

Three examined contained two young each (21st Oct., 1917).”

17. Glauconycteris variegatus papilio, Thos.

¢. 120. Chiromo.

“‘ Apparently very rare. This was the only one taken in

five years, on branch of tree in forest.”

18. Eptesicus megalurus, Temm.

gd. 24. Chiromo.

19. Eptesicus rendalli, Thos.

g. 200; ¢. 162, 884. Chiromo.

20. Scotophilus nigrita dingant, A. Smith.

3. 48, 132, 137, 138,139; 2. 136, 300. Chiromo.

2. 310, 385 (skulls only).

No. 300 is without the usual yellow tinge on the under

surface, and has a rather smaller skull and shorter fur than

the other specimens. On the whole, it answers very well to

Peters’s description of S. planirostris, which is found together

with dingani in Tette. I am treating the present specimen

as a young dingant, which probably planirostris will prove

to be,

21. Scotophilus viridis, Pet.

o. 84, 85, 159, 160, 189, 191, 193, 380, 403; ¢. 381.

Chiromo.

22. Scotophilus gigas, Dobs.

g. 83, 372 (skull only) ; @. 170. Chiromo.

&. 239. Mtondo, Ruo.

Since this species was first described in 1875 no other

specimens have been added to the B.M. collection. The

type-locality is Lagos, so that this species, like Hptesicus

rendalh, has a wide range.

“JT have only found the genus Scotophilus in hollow or

large holes in Hypheene-palms. The forest of the low

Mammals from Nyasaland. 183

country round the Shiré River (Ruo and West Shiré districts),

and also that round Lake Nyasa and the Upper Shiré River,

is full of these Hyphewne-palms. In such places Scotophilus

is very common, and as many as twelve or twenty are some-

times got out of one hollow palm, which they inhabit

together with all species of the ‘ free-tailed’ bats (Cherephon,

Tadarida, Mops, etc.). I have never found them in any

other species of tree, but they probably inhabit hollow

Borassus-palms as well where these are found. They ure

often noticeable at dusk hawking cotton bollworm moths and

other insects over cotton-fields cleared in this type of forest,

where the hollow dead palms have been left standing, and in

this way must do a lot of good.

“They appear slightly oily to the touch when alive, and

have a somewhat characteristic odour.”

23. Scotecus woodi, Thos,

gd. 168, 173 (type); 2. 167, 169, 230. Chiromo.

This species was described from this collection by

Mr. Thomas in March 1917 (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8)

xix. p. 280)...

“Only taken among the leaves of young low Hyphene-

palms in forest, where they appear to be moderately nume-

rous, though rarely seen. Several may be taken together

nestling down among the leaves,”

24. Scoteinus schlieffent australis, Thos. & Wrought.

d. 150, 393, 398; 2. 158, 181, 182, 184, 246, 397.

Chiromo.

‘Tn all cases taken in house in forest in the evening.”

25. Mintopterus natalensis, A. Smith.

3. 211, 305, 400; ¢. 399. Chiromo.

26. Kerivoula lucia, Hint.

g. 438. Cholo.

“Taken in clump of bamboos in forest full of bamboos ;

not seen elsewhere.”

27. Mops midas, Sund.

3g. 39, 216, 217, 374, 378; ?. 375, 383. Chiromo.

184 Mr. P. S. Kershaw on

28. Alops angolensis, Pet.

3. 176,177,178. Villa Bocage, Shiré River, P.E.A.

&. 357, 376, 382; 9. 377. Chiromo.

¢. 21. Chikonje, Ruo.

29. Cherephon limbatus, Pet.

3. 46, 81, 88, 100, 304; 9. 32, 87, 89, 90, 91, 92, 101,

115, 202, 220. Chiromo.

“The same remarks made as regards Scotophilus apply

entirely to Mops and the other genera of ‘free-tailed’ bats,

they being generally found in hollow palm-trees. Great

numbers sometimes congregate in one tree. But Cherephon

is also found in buildings of brick with corrugated iron roofs,

where they live on the rafters between the wood and iron in

hundreds sometimes, and are a great pest, owing to the

fearful mess and smell they make. They enter these roofs

generally through the small space between the iron ridging

and wall, and, where there are many ways in, appear in all

cases to frequent only one. At dusk I have seen a stream of

them come out of one of these holes with incredible rapidity,

defeating the eye to watch them, and reminding one of the

stream of pellets from a gun. They also hawk cotton boll-

worm, and other than their obnoxious habit of inhabiting

house-roofs (but apparently never grass-roofs), do much good

in consequence. On rarer occasions I fancy Mops also

inhabits house-roofs, but not nearly so commonly as Chere-

phon. All are very oily to the touch, and their smell is very

characteristic and strong.”

30. Ehynchocyon cirnet, Pet.

@. 298 52.287. Chalo.

9. 229. Chiromo.

“ Generally distributed throughout the country, but most

common where there are big thickets of jungle, such as in

the Ruo district. Native name ‘ Sakwimbala.’ ”

31. Petrodromus tetradactylus, Pet.

3. 25,96; ¢. 29, 108,149. Chiromo.

9.251. Cholo.

“Native name ‘ Sakwi,’”

Mammals from Nyasaland. 185

32. Nasilio brachyrhynchus, A. Smith.

dg. 122,391; 9. 95,121, 143. Chiromo.

* Both LRhynehocyon and Petrodromus have the curious

habit of striking the ground sharply with the tail, so as to

produce a rapping sound, often quite loud. In the dense

thickets it can be heard all day if one listens carefully for it.

I have frequently sat and watched them doing this only a

few yards from me, and often several will be doing it at

the same time quite near each other, but taking absolutely no

notice of each other. Sometimes one individual will stop

and rap every few feet. They often appear to listen after it,

but not always. It is possible that Nasé/io does it also, but I

have never seen it do so. It, however, seems to inhabit

open forest much more than the other two genera, and in the

Jong grass is not often seen. In the thickets inhabited by

the others there is no grass, and only dead leaves and small

plants, which enables them to be easily seen. They stop at

each puff of wind, as if suspicious, and hold the head up in

the air, with the curious mobile tip of the nose moving about

testing the wind, and reminding one forcibly of an elephant’s

trunk doing the same.

“The natives hunt them for food, and catch them by placing

long narrow basket-traps in their runs, when they are out of

the thickets, and then driving them; whereupon they rush

down the runways and dash blindly into the traps, forcing

themselves more and more to the narrow ends, and thus

being unable to get out.

“ Rhynchocyon remains in the thickets much more strictly

than Petrodromus.

“‘ Native name ‘ Dhundu.’”

33. Crocidura hirta, Pet.

3. 94, 98, 116, 204, 205, 206, 207 (juv.), 209, 210, 338,

389, 395; ¢. 44 (juv.), 45 (juv.), 47 (juv.), 99, 117 (juv.),

203, 208, 336. Chiromo.

“Very common inlowcountry. Native name ‘ Sunkwe.’ ”

34. Genetta rubiginosa, Puch.

gd. 234 (juv.), 386. Chiromo.

“ Quite common. Mang’anja name ‘ Mwiri.’”

186 Mr. P. S. Kershaw on

35. Herpestes (Calogale) melanurus zombe, Wrought.

od. 174. Near Chiromo.

?. 290. Cholo.

“Common throughout the country. Generally goes

about singly. Native name ‘ Likongwe.’”’

36. Mungos mungo, Gmel.

= Crossarchus fasciatus, Desm.

3. 56. Near Chiromo.

** Common in low country, where they go about in bands

of ten to twenty or thirty, with much ‘chirruping’ all the

time, while they scratch about and hunt for insects ; sit up

on hind legs and tail when they think danger is about, and

then, at a shrill ery from one or other, all dart away to cover.

Never seen singly. Easily tamed and good pets. Very fond

of eggs. Often caught by natives in noose-traps baited with

a piece of chicken. Native name ‘ Msulu.’ I once saw a

troop of six up a half-rotten tree full of holes and hollow

inside, and all were just peeping out of the holes at me.

“One I kept as a pet was very fond of snakes. It had the

usual curious mongoose method of breaking eggs by either

grasping them in the front feet and then hurling them with

great violence against a wall, or stone, or tree, after first

raising them up in front of it to get a good throw, or else by

merely flipping them from the ground. In both ways the

mongoose stands with its back to the object and sends the

eggs through the hind legs. Gets very annoyed if egg does

not break easily. Can emit an appalling odour when alarmed.

The adults are not so easily tamed. Note of annoyance or

alarm much deeper than the usual ‘ chirrup.’ ”

37. Heliosciurus mutabilis, Pet.

3g. 104; ¢. 71, 80,301. Chiromo.

* Common in the low country in dense thickets and jungles,

where are very many tall great trees and much undergrowth,

lianas, ete. ‘They live in holes in the trees, and do not

appear to wander far outside these thickets, feeding on nuts

and fruits of the various trees therein. Native name

‘ Gologolo,’ ”

38. Paraxerus palliatus, Pet.

9.402. Ruo.

Mammals from Nyasaland. 187

39. Paraxerus cepapi sindi, Thos. & Wrought.

@. 118, 347, 348, 349. Chiromo.

d. 119. Namulambo, near Chiromo.

“Only found in open forest-country, never in the thick

jungles, particularly where the ‘ msania’-tree (mopani of

Rhodesia), Copaifera mopane, abounds. In places they are

very numerous, and sometimes many may be seen together

rushing about among the low trees or on the ground. They

do not often enter thick forests of this ‘ msania’ tree, but

remain in the open forest on the outskirts. Native name

‘Tsinde,’ ”

40. Taterona nyase shirensis, Wrought.

6d. 154, 223, 231; 9. 37, 109, 390. Chiromo.

9. 254,255, 425. Cholo.

9. 22. Chikonje, Ruo.

“Very numerous everywhere, in both high and low

country. Mang’anja name ‘mbewa.’ In some places it

forms a staple article of diet among all tribes of natives, and

is frequently seen in the markets exposed for sale, split open,

and toasted on sticks, being sold in this condition, and much

esteemed. A great garden pest.”

41. Dendromus whytei, Wrought.

3. 277, 302, 416, 417, 443, 445; 9. 307, 367, 405, 408,

426. Cholo.

“Lives in grass-nests in small shrubs or long grass-stems,

sometimes among the roots of tall standing grass. All the

tree-mice are generalized by the natives under one name—

‘sonto.”? Have often found their nests among the fruit of a

bunch of bananas on the plant.”

42, Dendromus (Poemys) nyike, Wrought.

ad. 285; 9. 292. Cholo.

43. Steatomys pratensis, Pet.

3. 65, 97, 110, 212, 213, 214, 218; ¢. 60, 77, 93.

Chiromo.

3. 247, 260; ¢. 278, 823, 324. Cholo.

9. 318, 320. Makwira’s, Ruo.

3d. 313. Mlanje Road, Ruo.

“Said by natives to make its own holes in the ground.

188 Mr. P. 8. Kershaw on

Mang’anja name ‘ Nsana.’ Eaten by most natives, and said

to be very fat and good. Also a garden pest. Common

throughout the country.”

44. Grammomys surdaster, Thos. & Wrought.

3. 369; 2. 224, 364. Chiromo.

&. 296, 309, 442; 9. 289, 297. Cholo.

‘“‘ Makes small nests of a few blades of dry grass in holes

in trees. A forest-dwelling genus. Have also found the

nest in the bracts of a dry maize-cob on the plant, and also

in small bushes.”

45. Grammomys ruddi, Thos. & Wrought.

g. 133,140; ¢. 134, 135, 141, 142. Chiromo.

“Taken in hole at top of Hyphzene-palm. Also in grass-

nests in trees, similar to G. surdaster.

“These two species are called ‘sonto” by the Mang’anja,

as well as all other tree-mice.”

46. Rattus rattus alecandrinus, Geoff.

3. 51, 356; 2. 33, 41, 345. Chiromo.

9. 282, 503. Cholo.

“‘Very common everywhere. Mang’anja name‘ Khoswe.’”

47. Rattus (Athomys) namaquensis arborarius, Pet.

g. 365, 371, 396; 9. 228, 370, 387. Chiromo.

“Taken in grass-nest in bush; in tall, hollow, dead

Hyphezne-palm ; on ground in forest ; below some timber

stacked in grass-shed.”

48. Rattus (Mastomys) coucha microdon, Pet.

d. 107, 112, 198, 342, 363; ¢. 61, 111, 113, 199, 233,

235, 314, 315, 340, 341, 346. Chiromo.

3. 327. 328, 360,422; 9. 248, 291, 294, 325, 326, 437.

Cholo.

9. 317, 319. Makwira’s, Ruo.

This subspecies averages larger than coucha proper, is

browner—1. é., less grey,—has shorter fur, and a proportion-

ately longer tail. There is, however, very great individual

variation in this species.

“ Makes holes in the ground, and often a grass-nest at the

end of them. All species of Rattus are called ‘ Khoswe’ by

the Mang’anja, and are eaten by some, but others will, not

Mammals from Nyasaland, 189

touch them. They are bad house pests, nesting almost any-

where in houses, and doing great damage to foodstuffs,

fabrics, etc. In the low country they are often badly infested

with the larva of the ‘mputsi’-fly (Cordylobia and Auch-

meromyia)—myiasis,—chiefly in the feet, which I have seen

swollen to a terrible size and suppurating, practically every

rat killed in the house being attacked.”

49, Mus musculus, Linn.

d. 279, 283, 286, 424; 2.295. Cholo.

“*Common everywhere in the highlands. Have not met

with it in the lower country.

“ Native name ‘'l’sibwi.’ This is probably a Ngoni word,

also used by the Mang’anja of Ruo district.”

50. Leggada bella marica, Thos.

do. 337. Chiromo. ;

6. 293, 352, 353, 366, 406, 409, 411, 413, 423, 427;

?. 351, 354, 412, 414, 415, 418, 419, 428. Cholo.

“Very common throughout the highlands, where it is

found in holes in the ground and among refuse, particularly

in native gardens and maize-fields, where it makes small

nests of grass among the maize-stems and fallen grass. It is

also very common in the open type of ‘msuku’ (Uapaca

kirk) forest found all over the highlands of Nyasaland. It

is said by the natives often to close the mouth of its burrow

with small stones, and it stores grain in chambers in the

burrow.

* Native name ‘ Pido.’ ”

51. Cricetomys gambianus subsp.

3- 306, 308, 331; 2. 332. No locality given. (Skulls

only.)

** Lives in huge burrows often twenty yards or so in length

near the banks of mountain-streams. Fairly common all

over the highlands. Makes great depredations among the

native maize-crops, storing up immense quantities of grain in

chambers in its burrow. It is trapped by the natives with

fall-traps of logs of wood, and is eaten by all tribes. Does

not appear to exist in the low flat country of the Shiré River,

but only where there are hills. Given that factor, it is found

at all elevations. Its place appears to be taken on the low

plains by the cane-rat (Thryonomys).

*€ Native name ‘ Bwampini.’”

190 Mr. P. 8. Kershaw on

52. Uranomys woodt, Hint.

9. 280 (type). Cholo.

This species was described from this collection by Mr. Hin-

ton in April 1921 (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (9) vii. p. 369).

“ Said never to make its own burrow, but to take those of

other mice. The only specimen I managed to obtain was

taken in the burrow of a mole-rat (Heliophobius argenteo-

cinereus). Ihave also been shown holes at the base of Uapaca-

trees among the roots said to be used by this mouse, but

excavation brought none to light. A native told me that

they did not burrow these holes, but lived among the decayed

roots of the tree. This is very probable in the case of

Uapaca-trees (‘msuku’), as their roots are nearly always

partially decayed. The species appears to be known, though

not often taken, and this native name also includes other

genera of mice, as is so often the case. I am inclined to

think that they are rare everywhere, as, although I offered a

large reward {or more specimens, none were ever brought me.

‘“‘ Native name ‘ Sakachenzi.’ ”

53. Saccostomus campestris, Pet.

3. 30, 31, 34, 40,42; 2. 35, 36, 55, 316. Chiromo.

‘Not found in the Cholo highlands at all, but only in the

hot low country of the Shiré River plain, where it is very

numerous. Common in the forest covering these plains,

native gardens, and occasionally in holes below native huts ;

in this case there being an exit always some way outside, as

well as one inside the hut. Greedily eaten by some natives,

but not by all; apparently a question of individual taste, not

tribal prejudice. Digs its own burrow.

‘“‘ Native name ‘Jugu.’”

54, Acomys selousi, de Wint.

gS. 321, 322, 410. Cholo.

2. 339. Chiromo.

“T have taken this species in old ant-heaps (termite) on

forested hills, and in holes generally. It also is said not to

make its own burrows, but to use those of other mice. I find

that the Mang’anja name for these spiny mice is also

‘ Sakachenzi,’ and it is undoubtedly this species that is most

commonly referred to under this name, Uranomys woodi being

probably only called so for want of a better name, being not

nearly so well known or so often seen.”

Mammals from Nyasaland. 191

55. Pelomys fallax, Pet.

g. 114, 165, 166, 227; ¢. 350. Chiromo.

3. 333, 355, 359; ¢. 334, 335. Cholo.

A subspecies—P. f. insignatus—which lacks the dorsal

stripe has been described by Osgood from Fort Hill, North

Nyasaland. The abundant material in the Britis Museum

shows that the presence or absence of this stripe is not a

constant character, both striped and stripeless specimens being

found living side by side in many localities in Mashonaland

and Nyasaland. In the present series no. 165 has a poorly

defined stripe and nos. 350 and 334 show a faint trace of one.

The others are stripeless.

* Numerous all over country. Taken in holes in ground,

and also makes nests of grass in trash like fallen maize-stems

or thick, long, dry grass.

’9>9

* Native name ‘ Bvumbi.

56. Lemniscomys griselda calidior, Thos. & Wrought.

g. 156, 232, 240, 311, 368; ¢. 362. Chiromo.

&. 250, 262,407; 92. 281, 344, 444. Cholo.

** Numerous all over country, ‘Taken in holes in ground

in forest of all types.

* Names ‘ Mphera’ and ‘ Mphoni.’”’

57. Otomys angoniensis, Wroughit.

9. 284. Cholo.

“The only one taken was among grass in a clearing on a

wooded hill not far from a stream. The natives say it lives

near streams as a rule, and makes its nest among grass and

vegetation on banks, but not in holes.

* Native name ‘ Thiti,’ probably ‘ Chingoni.’ ”

58. Graphiurus microtis, Noack.

g. 288, 432, 433, 434; 92. 404, 430, 431, 435. Cholo.

9. 238. Lilanje, Ruo.

9. 3879, 394. Chiromo.

“Dormice are common all over the country, especially

where the ‘msuku’-tree (Uapaca kirki) abounds. ‘This tree

is often hollow in places, or has large holes in it, where

branches have fallen and the heart decayed, and it is in these

places that their nests are found, at any height from the

ground, made of dry leaves of any small-leaved tree, such as

Brachystegia sp., which is also a characteristic tree of this

‘msuku’ forest. I have also noticed it living in the grass

roofs of huts, or in holes among the pole and mud walls.

192 On Mammals from Nyasaland.

The natives have a curious idea, universally believed in this

country, that it eats rats and drives them out of houses; so

they are often placed in houses for that reason! Their name

for it—‘ Kadiamlamu’—means ‘ The little one who eats his

brother-in-law.’ Also taken in hollow dead palms in the

forest in the low country.”

59. Heliophobius argenteo-cinereus, Pet.

3. 249, 259, 265, 270, 272, 278, 275; 9. 252, 253, 256,

257, 261, 263, 264, 271, 274, 276. Chaolo.

S. 226; 9. 225. Chikonje, near Chiromo.

“Apparently only exists where there are hills, at any

altitude, but not on the Lower Shiré plains. Makes long

burrows anything up to 20 yards long a few inches below

surface, then deeper to about 2 to 3 feet, where the living

chamber is made. Very common in the Cholo highlands.

Rather sluggish in daylight, and apparently then quite blind,

as they snap at things or nothing in a blind reasonless way.

Natives handle them quite freely by picking them up by the

hair on the nape of the neck or top of head, when they are

quite helpless. Eaten by all tribes, except those Mohammedan

ones who do not eat any of these things. Eats roots under-

ground, .

“* Mang’anja name ‘ Nanfuko.’ ”

60. Manis temmincki, Smuts.

3. 343. Masengere, near Chiromo.

“ Taken walking along path in forest in daylight. When

disturbed it rolled up into a ball, but after a few minutes

unrolled and walked off again. This occurred any time it

was put down. After a few times it took no notice of people

around, but walked slowly about, only rolling up if touched.

The gait was slow and on hind legs, only touching ground

with the backs of the fore-claws occasionally, the tail steadying

it when it stopped for a moment. Appears to feed exclu-

sively on termites, and possibly some ants. The flesh is

considered a great delicacy, and in the-olden days was a

chief’s dish only.

“ Mang’anja name ‘ Nkaka.’” .

“In the foregoing the natives spoken about are the large

Mang’anja tribe of the southern parts of Nyasaland, and

particularly the Cholo highland and Shiré River lowland

districts. All other natives of different tribes are strangers

in these districts.”

On Diptera Nematocera from Spitsbergen. 193

XXI. — Results of the Oxford University Expedition to

Spitsbergen, 1921.—No. 14. Diptera Nematocera. By

PF. W. Epwarps.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Tue Oxford University Expedition to Spitsbergen in 1921

brought back a very considerable collection of Nematocerous

Diptera, almost entirely collected by Mr. C. 8. Elton. At

the request of Prof. E. B. Poulton the author undertook

the examination of this most interesting collection, the major

part of which is deposited in the collections of the Hope

Department of the Oxford University Museum ; except in

the case of uniques, a representative set of each species has

been presented by the Department to the British Museum.

The collection comprised over 700 specimens, representing

29 determinable species ; the species were, however, very

unequally represented, more than two-thirds of the whole

collection appertaining to three species only (Psectro-

cladius limbatellus, Ps. borealis, aud Cricotopus glacialis),

while of several of the remainder only single specimens

were present. As was to be expected, the majority of the

species belong to the Chironomide, but a rather surprising

feature was tle complete absence of Tipulide (excluding

Trichocera, which is now referred to the Anisopodide),.

Several species of Tipulidz are abundant in arctic America,

Tipula besselsi being recorded so far north as 82°; some

might certainly have been expected in Spitzbergen.

The British Museum possesses a fairly extensive collection

of Nematocerous Diptera from Iceland (25 species), and I

made a comparison between this and the Spitsbergen and

Bear Island collection. Much to my surprise, 1 found

that there was only a single species (Cricotopus basalis)

common to both. 1 also compared the 40 species of Spits-

bergen Chironomide with the British Museum collection

of about 400 species of British Chironomid. The only

species which appeared to be certainly identical in the two

collections were Chironomus riparius (Mg.), Goet., and

Psectrocladius limbatellus (Holmgr.). To these should, per-

haps, be added Sciara precox, Mg., and Trichocera hiemalis

(Deg.) ; the identity of these two, however, is not yet fully

established.

The following are the only important papers dealing with

the Nematocerous Diptera of Spitsbergen :—

1869. Hotmoren,A.E. “ Bidrag till Kinnedomen om Beeren Filands

och Spetsbergens Insekt-tauna.” K,. Svensk. Vet.-Ak. Handl,

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. x. 13

194 Mr. F. W. Edwards on

viii. No. 5, pp. 36-56. [Revises and supersedes the earlier

work of Boheman ]

1911. Krerrer, J.J. ‘ Land-Anthropoden von der Biren-Insel und

Spitzbergen, gesammelt in den Jahren 1997 und 1908. Chiro-

nomide.” In: Kanig, A. Avifauna Spitzbergensis. Bonn,

1911.

1919. Kirrrer, J. J., and THtenemann, A. “ Chironomiden, gesam-

melt yon Dr. A. Koch (Munster i. W.) auf den Lofoten, der

Bireninsel und Spitzbergen.” Ent. Mitt. Berlin, viii. pp. 38-48,

110-124.

The following list includes all the Nematocerous Diptera

which have hitherto been recorded from Bear Island and

Spitsbergen, and notes also such of these species as have

been recorded also from other parts of the Arctic region, the

following abbreviations being used: B, Bear Island; §8,

Spitsbergen and adjacent islands ; J, Jan Mayen; I, Ice-

land; G, Greenland; N, Nova Zemlya; LL, Lapland.

Allowing for probable synonymy (as indicated subsequently

in the text) the list comprises 54 species, 29 of which

(marked *) are represented in the Oxford University collec-

tion. Of these 29 species, 9 (marked +) are recorded from

the islands for the first time, 6 of these 9 being described

as new. It is highly probable that, when the North-

Juropean Chironomid fauna is more precisely known, some

of the species described by me, and also by Kieffer and

Holmgren, from Bear Island and Spitsbergen, will prove to

be identical with European forms, but in the present un-

satisfactory state of our knowledge of these flies the identity

can only be established in a few cases. I have not attempted

to study all the very numerous descriptions of Palzarctic

species published by Kieffer, and it is therefore possible that

some of my supposed new species may be found among

these.

It will be seen from the list below that of the 55 species

recorded, 85 are known from Spitsbergen but not from

Bear Island, 15 from Bear Island but not from Spitzbergen,

and only the remaining 5 from both places. The wide

differences which these figures seem to indicate between the

faunas of the two regions would no doubt become very much

less apparent by further collecting in both areas. Since

some species (Sciara tridentata and Aédes alpinus) are

known from Spitsbergen and Greenland, it seems very

probable that they (and other Spitsbergen species) will

eventually be found on Bear Island also :—

Diptera Nematocera from Spitsbergen. 195

| Sciaride.

*Sciara tridentata, Riibs. §., J., G.

arctica, Holmgren, 8.

parva, Holmgren. §.

ecalcarata, Holmgren. S,

Srigida, Holmgren. S.

pallidiventris, Holmgren. 8S.

consimilis, Holmgren. S.

—— abbrevinervis, Holmgren. S.

t*#—— P precor,Mg. B.

d | Mycetophilide.

Boletina maculata, Holmgren. S.

Coelosia ? setipennis pa: he (Boletina). S.

; *Exvechia frigida (Holmgren) (Mycetophila). S., B., J., 2G.

Chironomide.

t*Chironomus riparius, Mg. S.

* lugubris, Zett. S., L.

*Lauterbornia ? coracina (Zett.). B., L.

Tanytarsus mimulus (Holmgren). B.

Smittia Rh. be Holmgren. S.

Camptocladius stercorarius (Deg.) (byssinus, Schrank). S., L.

+*—— oxonianus, sp.n. B.

* curvinervis, var. polaris (Kieff.) ( Trichocladius). S.

spitzbergensis (Kieff.) (Thrichocladius). S.

+*—— longicosta, 2 n

—— flexinervis (Kieff.) (Thrichocladius), B.

*—— extremus (Holmgren). S.

*—— pumilio(Holmgren). §8.

+*—— eltoni,sp.n. B.

* Psectrocladius burealis, Kieff. S.

* limbatellus (Holmgren). S.

Dactylocladius subpilosus, Kieff. B,

—— heptameris, Kieff. 8.

—— spitzbergensis, Kieff. S.

—— petreus, var. ursinus, Kieff. B.

? miztus (Holmgren). B.

*Orthocladius consobrinus (Holmgren). S., B.

* conformis (Holmgren). S.

—— obscuripennis (Holmgren). S.

* festivus (Holmgren). S., B.

*—— decoratus (Holmgren). S,

arcticus, Kieffer. S.

t*Cricotopus glacialis, sp. n. S.

* basalts (Staeg.). S.,B.,J.,G., 1.

Metriocnemus obscuripes (Ho n) (? cataractarum, Kieff.). 8,

ursinus (Holmgren). 8S. B.

brevinervis (Holmgren). S.

* Represented in Oxford University Collection.

+ New record for the islands,

13*

196 Mr. F. W. Edwards on

Diamesa arctica, Holmgren. S.

lundstrvemi, Kieffer (arctica, Kieff., 1911, nec H.). 8.

+* poultoni, sp.n. S., N.

T@ septima, sp.n. B.

* (Adiamesa) hyperborea, Holmgren. B.

* ( ) ursus, Kieffer. B.

Psilodiamesa spitzbergensis, Kieffer. 8.

Tanypus frigidus, Holmgren. B.

Culicide.

* Aédes alpinus (L.) (Culex nigripes, Zett.). 8.,G., L.

Anisopodide.

+* Trichocera lutea, Becher. B., J.

? hiemalis (Deg.). S.

Sciarida.

The collection contains 10 specimens of Sciara, represent-

ing 6 or 7 species—of these 3 or 4 are represented by single

more or less damaged examples, of which it need only be

said that they do not appear to belong to any of the species

described by Holmgren. Little can be done with such

specimens until the Palzarctic species have been dealt with

as a whole by modern methods.

The three remaining species are the following :—

Sciara tridentata, Rubs.

Synonyms: S. atrata, Holmgren, nec Say; S. holmgrent, Jacobs ;

S. validicornis, Lundbeck. The names tridentata, holmgreni, and

validicornis were all proposed in 1898: I do not know in what

order, but use the one under which the species has been redescribed

by Johannsen.

Prince Cuarues’ Foretanp: Pt. Carmichael, Freshwater

Bay district, N.E. of island, 4. vil. 1921, c. 40 ft., on stone

of shingly raised beach; 1 g.

The specimen agrees sufficiently well with Holmgren’s

description of S. atrata, so that I have no doubt concerning

the synonymy indicated above. The peculiar structure of

the male claspers makes the species an easy one to recognise.

Hypopygium, fig. 1 (p. 197).

Sciara pallidiventris, Holmgren.

SpitsserGeN: Bruce City, head of Klaas Billen Bay,

22. vii. 1921 ; 0-50 ft., on shingly raised beach with Dryas ;

21%

‘he male claspers (fig. 2) are constructed somewhat as in

S. mutua, Joh., to which the present species appears to be

closely allied.

1. Sciara tridentata, Rubs., hypopygium from below. 2. Seiara pallidi-

ventris, Holmgren, ¢ clasper. 3-10, hypopygium from above,

of: (3) Camptocladius eavtremus, Holmgren ; (4) C. eltont, sp. n. ;

(5) Orthocladius consobrinus, Holmgren ; (6) O. festivus, Holm-

gren ; (7) O. conformis, Holmgren: (8) Cricotopus glacialts, sp. n.;

(9) C. basalis, Staeg.; (10) Metriocnemus brevinervis, Holmgren.

1l. Diamesa ursus, Kieff., Q lamella. 12, D. hyperborea,

Holmgren, 2 lamella. 13. D. arctica, Boheman, hypopygium

from above. 14. D. poultont, sp. n., hypopygium from above.

15. D. poultoni, 2 lamella. 16. D. septima, sp. n., 2 lamella,

17. Trichocera lutea, Becher, hypopygium from below. (Various

magnifications.)

198 Mr. F. W. Edwards on

Sciara ? precox, Mg.

Bear Istanp: Walrus Bay, S.E., 15. vi. 1921 ; c. 20 ft.,

on bare rock; 1 ¢.

SritsBERGEN: Bruce City, head of Klaas Billen Bay,

22. vii. 1921; 0-50 ft., on shingly raised beach with Dryas ;

1g,19. 3

The specimens agree with Winnertz’s description of this

European species.

Mycetophilide.

Exechia frigida (Bohem.).

Synonyms: Mycetophila frigida, Boheman, Holmgren; Parexechia

concolor, Becher; ? Exechia casta, Johannsen. Probably also the

species recorded by Lundbeck from Greenland as Evechia fungorum.

Bear Istanp : Walrus Bay, S.W., 22. vi. 1921 ; c. 20 ft.,

under walrus-bones on moss; 5 ¢, 19. Walrus Bay, S.E.,

22. vi. 1921; 20-50 ft., shaly slope, 3 mile inland, under

stones; 1¢,2 9.

Spitspercen: Bruce City, head of Klaas Billen Bay;

0-50 ft., flying over shingle with tundra and ponds; 1 @.

The structure of the hypopygium agrees more closely with

that of E. casta, Joh., than with that of any European

species which has been figured, and the two are probably

specifically identical, though, according to Johannsen’s de-

scription, the American form is brown and not black.

Chironomide.

The great majority of the specimens in the collection

belong to this family. All the species represented belong to

the subfamily Chironomine, in which (following Thiene-

mann, Malloch, and Goetghebuer) I would include Diamesa

and its allies.

Chironomus ? riparius, Mg.

Synonyms: C.riparius (Mg.), Goetghebuer ; C. nigroviridis, Macquart,

of Verrall’s collection; C. kochianus, Kieffer.

SpirsBeRGEN: Bruce City, head of Klaas Billen Bay,

22. vii.-14. viii. 1921; round huts, on window-pane, and on

shingle of raised beach; 4 ¢,8 2.

The structure of the hypopygium agrees well with

Goetghebuer’s and Kieffer’s figures. The first segment of

the front tarsus of the male has a short and inconspicuous

beard, the longest hairs being about twice as long as the

Diptera Nematocera from Spitsbergen. 199

diameter of the segment. In spite of Goetghebuer’s state-

ment that his identification of C. riparius was based on an

examination by Séguy of specimens in the Paris Museum, |

feel some doubt whether this is really the species which

Meigen intended to designate as C. viparius, since in Britain

I find that the commonest sea-shore Chironomus is a closely-

allied species, which differs from the present one obviously

(though almost solely) in having a long though scanty beard

on the outer side of the front tarsi of the male. Both

species are very common in Britain, and I can see no

difference between rather dark British examples of C, nigro-

viridis and the Spitsbergen specimens. Kieffer’s C.kochianus,

from the Lofoten Is., may possibly be distinct, since he

states that the first segment of the front tarsus is nearly

twice as long as the tibia.

Chironomus lugubris, Zett.

Synonyms: C., spitzbergensis, Kieffer ; ? C. hyperboreus, Holmgren, nec

Staeg.; ? C. polaris, Boheman.

SpitsperceN: Bruce City, head of Klaas Billen Bay,

19-22. vii. 1921; round huts, on shingle of raised beach,

and on flowers of Dryas octopetala; 2 8,6 9. Liefde Bay,

8. vil. 1921; coast tundra, 1 g (I. G. Longstaff). Cape

Boheman, N. side of Ice Fjord, 12. vii. 1921; flying over

strip of marsh-land; 4g¢,1 9.

This is almost, if not quite, identical in structure with

the preceding, and should perhaps be regarded as merely a

black variety of it. The specimens agree with Zetterstedt’s

description, and the females with Kieffer’s description and

figure, except that the fourth palpal segment is not quite so

long as described. Holmgren’s description of C. hyperboreus

also agrees, with the seemingly important exception that he

states that the cross-vein is not infuseated. I think, how-

ever, there can be little doubt that Holmgren accidentally

transposed his statements regarding the cross-vein of C.

hyperboreus and C. polaris, and that having done so he

placed them under the wrong headings.

Lauterbornia ? coracina, Zett.

Synonyms: Chironomus coracinus, Zett.; C. polaris, Holmgren, nec

Kirby ; ? Prochironomus koenigi, Kieffer,

Bear Istanp: S.W. of island, 17. vi. 1921; flying over

bare rock near tarns 4 and 5; 11 0,5 2. Inland from 8S.

coast, 15. vi. 1921; flying over mound green with vegeta-

tion; 15 ¢,3 2. Walrus Bay, S.E. of island, 0-100 ft.,

under stone: 1 ¢@.

200 Mr. F. W. Edwards on

The species varies considerably in size, the smallest female

measuring only 2°5 mm., and the largest male 6 mm. in

body-length. The species may be readily distinguished

by the very long and dense hair on the posterior legs and

on the front tarsi of the male, and by the short, pale,

and almost horizontal cross-vein. Zetterstedt’s description

of C. coracinus (from Central Sweden) applies in all respects

to our insect, though the determination is not adopted with

confidence, since in Kieffer’s redescription of C. (Lauter-

bornia) coracina from Germany he states that small pulvilli

are present, whereas in the Bear Island insect there is cer-

tainly no trace of pulvilli. There can be hardly a doubt

that this is the species described by Hoimgren as C. polaris,

in spite of the fact (mentioned above) that he states that

the cross-vein is infuscated. Kirby’s original description of

C. polaris is quite indeterminate, and the type is lost, but

the British Museum possesses the remnants of one of the

females on which Curtis founded his redeseription and figure ;

this specimen is not a Lauterbornia but a Chironomus, related

to, though quite distinct from, C. /ugubris. Kieffer’s Pro-

chironomus koenigi must surely be L. coracina, though he

states that the cross-vein is “schrag,” and does not mention

the front tarsi, nor the few fine hairs at the extreme tip of

the wing, nor the ventral brush-like appendage of the male

hypopygium characterizing the Tanytarsus group, to which

Lauterbornia belongs.

Camptocranivs, v. d. Wulp.

I agree with Goetghebuer in including within this genus

the species with small pulvilli (C. stercorartus* and some

others); those with shortly hairy eyes (C. aterrimus, Mg.,

and its allies—i.e., Kieffer’s genus Phenocladius) ; and those

with microscopically setose wings, the setee 2-4 yw in length

(C. minimus, Mg., and its allies—i. e., part at least of Kieffer’s

genus Chetocladius and Thienemann’s genus Dyscampto-

cladius). Thienemann has shown that there are marked

larval and pupal differences between these groups, but after

studying about 30 British species I doubt if they can be

maintained as distinct genera, owing to the occurrence of

iutergradient adult forms. It is, indeed, very difficult to

draw a sharp line between Camptocladius and some other

of the Orthocladiariz, especially Dactylocladius. The genus

Camptocladius will, however, conveniently include all the

* Syn. Chironomus stercorarius, Degeer,nec auct.; C. byssinus, Schrank;

Psectrocladius foliaceus, Kieft.

(Vee

Diptera Nematocera from S,itsbergen. 201

small species with a markedly sinuous vein Cu,, with the

base of the fork well beyond the cross-vein and without

macrotrichia on the wing-membrane.

Camptocladius longicosta, sp. n.

Bear Istanp: Walrus Bay, S.E. of island, 14 &

22. vi. 1921; 20-50 ft., under stones in limestone gully

quarter mile inland, and at flowers of Saxifraga oppositi-

jolia; 14 92.

?. Entirely black, including the pleure and halteres ;

head and thorax slightly dusted with grey. Eyes entire,

distinctly and rather densely hairy. Palpi with the last

three segments subequal, the terminal only slightly longer

than the penultimate, and not more than five or six times as

long as broad. Antenne 6-segmented, segment 2 much

constricted near the base, from the constriction outwards

similar in shape to segments 3-5, which are somewhat flask-

shaped, and about twice as long as broad ; segment 6 not

verticillate, not quite as long as segments 4 and 5 combined,

with numerous short sense-bristles, especially on the apical

half. Mesonotum without scales, and with only a few hairs

between the slightly shining stripes. Lameilie of ovipositor

small, black, rounded, fringed posteriorly with short hair.

Legs with moderately short pubescence. Last two tarsal

segments subequal, the fifth very slightly longer than the

fourth, which is about 2°5 times as long as_ broad.

First segment of front tarsi a little over half as long as the

tibie. Empodia about as long as the claws. Wings

whitish, membrane bare, with a vacuolated appearance under

a magnification of 80. Costa reaching almost to tip of the

wing, and more than half the distance from the tip of R, to

thatof M. 2; not quite half as long as Ry, which is approxi-

mated to the costa apically. A, much nearer R, than R,.

Base of fork of Cu distant from the base of M by nearly

three times the length of the cross-vein. Anal lobe obtuse-

angled, not well marked. Wing-length 2°3-2°8 mm. ; body-

length about 2 mm.

In many respects this seems to be very similar to Kieffer’s

Trichocladius spitzbergensis, but differs in the dark pleurz,

shorter palpi, and longer fourth tarsal segment. It is just

possible that it may be the female of C. flewinervis, Kiett.

Camptocladius curvinervis, var. polaris (Kieffer).

SritsperGeN: Bruce City, head of Klaas Billen Bay,

14, viii. 1921; on hut window-pane; 1 9. Cape Boheman,

202 Mr. F. W. Edwards on

N. side of Ice Fjord, 12. vii. 1921; 0-40 ft., walking and

flying by marshy edge of pond; 1 ?.

The specimens agree well with Kieffer’s description. The

species is very similar to the preceding, but the cubital fork

is longer—vuusually long, in fact, for a Camptocladius.

Camptocladius extremus (Holmgren).

SpirsBERGEN: Gyps Valley, head of Ice Fjord, 26. vi.1921 ;

100-200 ft., on slope, with Dryas and Saxifraga; 2 8,22.

Green Harbour, 8. side of entrance to Ice Fjord, 28.vi.1921 ;

0-100 ft., flying; 1 ¢.

Prince Cuarves’ Foreranp: Pt. Carmichael, Freshwater

Bay district, 4. vii. 1921; c. 40 ft., at Howers of Sazxifraga

oppositifolia, sandy zone of shingly raised beach; 2 6,9 2;

30-80 ft., shaking Dryas octopetala on rock on hill; 1 9.

There is nothing in Holmgren’s description but what

would apply to this species. It belongs to the aterrimus

group, with finely pubescent eyes (the pubescence more

obvious in the ¢ than in the 2, in which it is sometimes

scarcely perceptible). Antenne of g with black plumes ;

last segment practically twice as long as the remaining

flagellar segments together; first few flagellar segments

swollen, transverse ; remainder (except last) almost as long

as broad. Antenne of 2? 6-segmented; segment 2 rather

short, not constricted in the middle ; segments 3-5 shortly

oval; segment 6 about half as long again as segment 5 ;

sense-bristles narrow and rather long. Hypopygium as in

fig. 3 (p. 197). Costa moderately produced beyond the tip

of R,, ending well before the wing-tip.

Camptocladius pumilio (Holmgren).

SpiTsBERGEN: Bruce City, head of Klaas Billen Bay;

19-22. vii. 1921; round huts, on shingly raised beach; 3 ?.

Advent Bay, S. side of Ice Fjord, 18. vii. 1921; on flowers

of Dryas octopetala and Cerastium alpinum; 1 @.

Belongs to the minimus group; Holmgreu’s mention of

the somewhat shining mesonotum indicates this. The

specimens are in poor condition, but I cannot detect any

trace of mesonotal scales; the second to fifth antennal seg-

ments are very little longer than broad; the fourth tarsal

segment on all the legs is distinctly shorter than the fifth,

though not quite so short as in the following species.

;

cal

Diptera Nematocera from Spitsbergen. 203

Camptocladius eltoni, sp. n.

Bear Isctanp: near tarn 4, 8.W. of island, 17. vi. 1921 ;

on bare rock, c.50 ft.; 3¢,19. Walrus Bay, S.E. of

island, 22. vi. 1921; c. 20 ft., on stones and walking on

edge of wet moss tundra, 6 ¢,3 9°.

Wholly black ; thorax somewhat shining. Eyes small,

bare, entire, and very widely separated, Palpi long. An-

tenn of ¢ 13-segmented, first three flagellar segments

rather swollen and somewhat broader than long ; penulti-

mate segment about half as long again as broad ; terminal

segment about two-thirds as long as segments 2-12 together.

Antenne of ¢ 6-segmented; segments 2 and 3 nearly

globular ; 4 and 5 oval; 6 pointed, rather longer than 4

and 5 together, without sense-bristles, but with a whorl of

long hairs close to the base, a slight contriction beyond

this; sense-bristles on 3-5 short and slender. Mesonotum

with small, black, lanceolate scales mixed with the long

hairs ; the scales with short stems aud short sharp points,

the broad portions occupyivg rather more than half their

length. ¢ hypopygium (fig. 4): ninth tergite with a small

central terminal emargination, no trace of a long point ;

side-pieces with a double lobe on the inner side, the basal

part of the lobe finger-like, the apical part broad and

rounded ; clasper not enlarged, with a moderately long spine

which almost continues the direction of the longitudinal

axis, and ashort, rather sharp, and somewhat curved terminal

point internal to the spine. Lamelle of 2 rather short,

without long hairs. Legs without long hairs (¢ ?), the

longest being hardly longer than the diameter of the seg-

ment bearivg them ; spur of front tibiz somewhat longer

(3), or distinctly shorter (9), than the tibial diameter,

Fourth tarsal segment en all the legs (¢ ?) about two-

thirds as long as the fifth. Empodium as long as the claws.

Wings slightly greyish, finely punctate under a magnification

of 80, covered with minute setz visible only under a magnifi-

cation of 300. Costa reaching about one-fourth of the

distance from the tip of R, to the tip of M, the terminal

portion about as long as the oblique cross-vein. A, dis-

tinctly ending in the costa not far from the tip of R,. Base

of fork of Cu far beyond the cross-vein (three or four times

the length of the latter); lower branch rather strongly

arcuated. Halteres black; base of stem lighter. Wing-

length, 2-2°2 mm.; body-length, g 2°2 mm., ? about

18 mm.

Kieffer has described three species of this genus with

204 Mr. F. W. Edwards on

scales on the mesonotum, and I am acquainted with a British

species which possesses similar scales. From this last, and

probably also from the species described by Kieffer, C. eltont

differs conspicuously in the structure of the male hypo-

pygium. Ina many respects C. eltoni resembles Kieffer’s

Dactylocladius petreus, var. ursinus, but among other dis-

tinctions the fork of Cu is shorter.

Camptocladius oxonianus, sp. 0.

Bear Istanp: Walrus Bay, S.E. of island, 22. vi. 1921 ;

c. 20 ft., on stones; 6 2.

?. Entirely black ; thorax slightly shining ; eyes small,

entire, bare. Palpi short. Antenne 6-segmented ; seg-

ment 2 rather stout, nearly twice as long as broad, slightly

constricted in the middle ; 3-5 constricted at each end,

with long verticil-hairs; 6 slender, fully twice as long

as 5, without verticil-hairs, but with about six sets of

short pale sense-bristles. _Mesonotum without scales. Legs

without long hairs. Fourth tarsal segment on all the

legs about two-thirds as long as the fifth. Empodium

almost as long as the claws. No pulvilli. Wings dingy

whitish, the anterior veins scarcely darkened. Membrane

quite bare, with a vacuolated appearance under a magni-

fication of 80. Costa not extending beyond the tip of

R,. Distance from tip of R, to tip of M about equal to

that from tip of M to tip of Cu,. R, short, only about 0°4 as

long as Fy. A, ending in costa close to the tip of R;. Base

of fork of Cu distant from the base of M by about twice

the length of the cross-vein. Cu, rather strongly curved

downwards beyond the middle, widely divergent from Cu.

Halteres black. Waing-length 1°8 mm; body-length about

1°5 mm.

In spite of the regrettable absence of the male, it seems

worth while to describe this species, since it is the only one

yet found in the islands in which the costa ends at the tip of

R,. Ihave been unable to trace a description of a European

species which fits it exactly. Kieffer’s C. tibialis seems to

be similar in many respects, but has the fourth tarsal seg-

ment longer than the fifth.

Key to the Species of Camptocladius (sens. lat.), now known

from Spitsbergen and Bear Island.

1. Wings white or whitish, the membrane quite

DAK 2.5. 200ml» Meee 2 - cle he eee

Wings pale greyish, the membrane with minute

sete 2-40 long. Hie feats st aes

A nee

Diptera Nematocera from Spitsbergen. 205

Base of cubital fork much i bags the base of

M (twice the length of the cross-vein or

WAGE) Jere Wai eilehicy ain't a ae blo. .cco0 + « ns 5,

5. R, approximated to the costa apically; costa

reaching far beyond the tip of Ry ........ 6.

A, not approximated to the costa apically ;

costa extending only a short distance beyond

GP ee eee ‘¢

6. Length 3 mm.; second antennal segment

cylindrical, scarcely constricted ; last palpal

segment at least half as long again as the

penultimate ; fourth tarsal segment shorter

than the fifth, and only twice as long as broad = spitzbergensis, Kieff.

Length 2 mm.; second antennal segment con-

stricted near the base; last palpal segment

hardly longer than the penultimate; fourth

tarsal segment hardly shorter than the fifth,

aud nearly three times as long as broad .... ongicosta, sp. n.

7. Length 3mm.; male claspers with two spines. flexinervis, hietf.

Length 1°5 mm.; male clasper with only one

PE is vga wx av horaeuhd Ghat RES Mo 6 a o's ORS extremus, Holingr.

8. Mesonotum with hairs only ...,..........+. pumilio, Holmgr.

Mesonotum with short lanceolate scales mixed

Wiikey UBS Was si o5s ees See ress ome S eltont, sp. n.

Psectrocladius borealis, Kieff.

SritsperGEN: Bruce City, head of Klaas Billen Bay,

10. vii., 19. vili., and 14. viii. 1921 (C. S. Elton and R. F.

Stobart) ; 0-50 ft., on shingly raised beach and on hut-

window ; 100 g, 28 2. Cape Boheman, N. side of Ice

Fjord, 12. vii. 1921; rocky tundra near coast; 7 g,1?.

I think there can be very little doubt of the identification,

though the male antenne differ slightly. Kieffer states that

segments 12 and 13 are as long as broad, and segment 14

twice as long as 2-13 together, whereas in our specimens

(observed in the dry state) segments 12 and 13 are broader

than long, and segment 14 is nearly three times as long as

2-13 together. The species is extremely similar to P. car-

bonarius (Mg.), Goetghebuer, but differs in the longer

terminal spine to the male claspers and in some other small

points.

206 Mr. F. W. Edwards on

Psectrocladius limbatellus (Holmgren).

Synonyms: Chironomus limbatellus, Holmgren; ? Psectrocladius

stratiotis, Kieffer.

SpirsBeERGEN: Bruce City, head of Klaas Billen Bay,

19. vii. and 14. viii. 1921; 0-50 ft., on shingle of raised

beach, and on hut-window; 206 ¢,43 ?.

This is considerably smaller than P. borealis; the male

with lighter thoracic ground-colour, differently constructed

antenne, and no beard on the front tarsi. The pulvilli are

well marked, being more than half as long as the claws.

The agreement with Holmgren’s C. dimbatellus seems suffi-

ciently close, but it should be noted that the head of the

male is darker than that of the female, often almost black,

and that the cubital fork is longer in the female than in the

male. Structurally the species seems almost identical with

P. stratiotis, Kieff., as redescribed by Goetghebuer, but

according to this author the terminal segment of the male

antenne is one-third longer than segments 2-13 together,

whereas in the Spitsbergen specimens it is more than half

as long again. I have, however, seen British specimens,

probably referable to P. stratiotis, which I can hardly dis-

tinguish from those from Spitsbergen.

Orthocladius consobrinus (Holmgren).

SpirsBERGEN: Cape Boheman, N. side of Ice Fjord,

16. vii. 1921; flying over wet tundra near pounds; 6 g,1 2.

Bruce City, head of Klaas Billen Bay, 19. vii. 1921; round

huts, on shingle of raised beach; 2 ¢.

Prince Cuarves’ Foreianp: N.E. of island, 3. vii. 1921;

c. 40 ft., on tundra of raised beach; 7 ¢.

This species is remarkable for the well-developed tarsal

beard of the male. In this character, as well as in size and

colour, it bears a superficial resemblance to Psectrocladius

borealis, but, apart from the generic character of the absence

of pulvilli, it differs from P. borealis in the milk-white wings

and in the clearer yellow colour of the halteres. Holmgren

mentions these two last points, thus establishing the fact

that this, and not P. borealis, was the species which he had

before him. Kieffer refers C. consobrinus to Camptocladius,

but this is surely an error; the size is considerably larger

than any known Camptocladius, and Cu, is only very slightly

curved, as usual in Orthocladius. The terminal segment of

the flagellum of the male antenne is fully twice as long as

the remaining segments together, these being much broader

RRR ree RIN

Diptera Nematocera from Spitsbergen. 207

than long. The male hypopygium is as in fig. 5 (p. 197).

The empodia are scarcely distinguishable in the ¢, about

one-third as long as the claws in the 9. The costa extends

slightly beyond the tip of R,, which is straight.

I am acquainted with a British species (as yet undeter-

mined) which is extremely close to O. consobrinus, but differs

in the form of the male clasper.

Orthocladius decoratus (Holmgren).

Srirspercen: Bruce City, head of Klaas Billen Bay,

14. viii. 1921 ; on hut-window; 1 9.

The single specimen appears to answer in almost every

respect to Holmgren’s description. It differs from O. conso-

brinus 2 in the greyish, finely punctuate wings and in the

longer cubital fork, the base of which is just perceptibly

before the base of M. The head is blackish in colour, unlike

that of Psectrocladius limbatellus 2 , which is dingy yellow-

ish. The empodia are small, about as in O. consobrinus ¢.

The costa extends very slightly beyond the tip of Ry. The

specimen seems too large to be the female of O. festivus.

Orthocladius festivus (Holmgren).

SpirsBeRGEN: Bruce City, head of Klaas Billen Bay,

14. viii. 1921; on hut-window; 3 ¢@.

On account of the black colour of the whole thorax, in-

cluding (as far as can be seen) the pleurz, and the yellow

halteres, [ think this identification must be correct, though

it is rather difficult to decide between this and O. decoratus.

The wings are whitish, not perceptibly punctate under a

magnification of 80; the costa does not extend beyond the

tip of R,. Hypopygium as in fig. 6 (p. 197).

Orthocladius ? conformis (Holmgren).

Bear Istanp: Walrus Bay, S.E. of island, 22. vi. 1921;

20-50 ft., quarter mile inland, under stones on shady slope ;

I make this identification with some hesitation, since the

species was described from Spitsbergen, but the specimen

appears to agree in every respect with Holmgren’s de-

scription. The terminal antennal segment is very little

longer than the remaining flagellar segments together, the

penultimate segment being almost twice as long as broad.

The hypopygium (fig. 7) agrees in most respects with

Kieffer’s description of that of O. arcticus, the side-pieces

208 Mr. F. W. Edwards on

having a median lobe which is much broader than long, and

the claspers being unusually broad. The empodia are less

than half as long as the claws, which are more slender and

sharply pointed than in many male Orthocladius (agreeing in

this respect with O. festivus), and have each a long curved

hair arising from the base. The wing-membrane has no

distinct punctuation, the anterior veins are scarcely darkened

(a point not mentioned by Holmgren), and the costa extends

slightly but distinctly beyond the tip of Ry.

Key to the Species of Orthocladius and Dactylocladius

now known from Spitsbergen and Bear Island.

1, Thorax entirely black (¢ 2) ........ 2.

Mesonotum with yellowish ground-

colour (9) or at least yellowish on

the shoulders and part of pleure(¢). 6.

2. Length 5 mm.; colour of halteres not

stated; wings of 2 with a few long

hairs at the extreme tip .......... subpilosus, Kieff.

Length 2-5 mim... Soca s. Golesi s 3.

3. Halteres black or brown ............ 4.

Knob of halteres pale ...... ....... festivus, Holmgr.

4. First segment of front tarsi only about

half as long as the tibia............ petreus, var. ursinus, Kieff.

First segment of front tarsi two-thirds

as long as the tibia..........20.0-- 5.

5. Wings pale greyish, moderately broad

PS. SSE. Tarte meee Mee conformis, Holmgr.

Wings dark greyish, very broad (2) .. obscurtpennis, Holmer.

6. Wangs milk-white . 3/5 a5: spite cede da

Wings transparent or greyish ........ 8.

7. Front tarsi of ¢ bearded; ¢ thorax

nosrigiall black .'. i Jee. 0p. ete. consobrinus, Holmgr.

Front tarsi of ¢ not bearded; meso-

notal bands distinct (¢ 2) ........ arcticus, Kieff.

8. Body mostly brownish yellow; 9 an-

tenne 7-segmented .............- heptameris, Kieff.

Body largely blackish; mesonotum in

? with black stripes. ........0.... 9.

9. Legs yellowish; length2mm. ...... miztus, Holmer.

Legs dark brown; leagth 25-3'5mm... 10.

10. Empodia hardly one-third as long as

GHO-CINWS (57 5 1s.0.« ¢ =a, abe iae decoratus, Holmgr.

Empodia nearly as long as the claws.. spitzbergensis, Kieff.

Cricororvus, v. d. Wulp.

As now used by Kieffer, this genus includes those Ortho-

cladiarie which have hairy eyes and distinct pulvilli,

Trichocladius including those with hairy eyes and no pul-

villi; species with and without white-ringed tibie being

Diptera Nematocera from Spitsbergen. 209

included in both genera. Kieffer has himself shown, how-

ever, that the pulvilli vary in size in the different species,

and has recently erected the genus Acricotopus to include

the intermediate species with very small pulvilli. 1 consider

that van der Wulp’s original conception of the genus was

both simpler and more natural, and propose to include in

‘ricotopus all hairy-eyed Orthocladiariz which have more

or less distinctly white-winged tibiz and whitish genital

organs (at least in the female). In taking this course I am

following Goetghebuer, but I would also go further and

transfer the few dark-legged species which possess pulvilli

(these also have dark genital organs) to Trichocladius.

Cricotopus glacialis, sp. u.

Spirspercen: Bruce City, head: of Klaas Billen Bay,

22. vii.-14. viii. 1921; on hut-window, on shingly raised

beach (some taken ovipositing on pond), and on flowers of

Dryas octopetala and Sax/fraga hirculus; 40 8,52 2.

N. Epvinsurcu Istanp (S.W. of Prince Charles’ Foreland) :

on stones of rocky beach just above high tide, 29. vi. 1921 ;

33,69.

Head dark brown, more yellowish below the antenne.

Antenne and mouth-parts entirely blackish (g-2). Palpi

normal. Terminal flagellar segment of g not quite twice as

long as the remaining flagellar segments together, penulti-

mate segment about as long as broad. Second antennal

segment of 9 distinctly constricted in the middle, seg-

ments 3-5 oval, segment 6 pointed, twice as long as

segment 5, with rather numerous short sense-bristles, but

no verticil. Thorax of ¢ blackish, except for the shoulders

aud the pleural sutures; of 2? yellow, three well-separated

mesonotal bands, postnotum, mesosternum, and part of

pleurze blackish, scutellum somewhat darkened. Abdomen

of g entirely blackish brown, including the first segment ;

tergites with narrow shining apical bands, remainder of

surface almost dull. Hypopygium dark brown on the basal

half, whitish on the apical half; structure as figured (fig. 8).

Abdomen of 2 dark brown dorsally, yellowish veutrally,

especially towards base; lamelle whitish yellow. Legs

blackish brown, femora yellowish at the extreme base only ;

tibize with ill-defined whitish rings, more distinct on the

posterior legs than on the front pair, and generally much

more distinct in the ? than in the @, in the ¢ the front

tibize often entirely dark ; on the middle tibiz the pale ring

oceupies about half and on the hind tibiz about two-thirds

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. x. 14

210 Mr. F. W. Edwards on

of the segment. Front tibiz practically twice as long as

the first tarsal segment. Tront tarsi of ¢ not bearded.

Fourth and fifth tarsal segments about equal in length.

Pulvilli distinet but short, about one-third as long as the

claws. Wings somewhat milky-white, not perceptibly

punctuate under a magnification of 80. Costa not exceeding

the tip of R, in g, searcely so in ?. Cross-vein rather

short, thick, somewhat darkened, and nearly vertical. Base

of cubital fork distant from base of media by rather more

than the length of the cross-vein. Halteres with dark stem

and yellow knob. Wing-length 2-2°8mm.; body-length,

fo 2:7-3'5mm., 2 18-3 mm.

This may possibly be Zetterstedt’s C. ephippium, which

was described from Lapland; the description, however,

disagrees in some points, such as the breadth of the pale

tibial rings and the separate thoracic stripes of the 9. An

extremely similar species, which was determined by Verrall

as C. ephippium, is very common in Britain ; it differs from

the Spitsbergen form in the absence of pulvilli and slightly

in the structure of the hypopygium.

Mr. Elton notes that eggs laid by this fly on 1. vii. 1921

were frozen solid, and still developed into larve on

unfreezing.

Cricotopus basalis (Staeg.).

Synonyms: Chironomus basalis, Stager; C. pavidus, Holmgren;

? Trichocladius ursus, Kieffer.

SpirsperGeN: Bruce City, head of Klaas Billen Bay,

22. vi.—14. viii. 1921; on shingly raised beach, on hut-

window, and ovipositing in pond 1;2 ¢,49. Cape Bohe-

man, N. side of Ice Fjord ; 0-60 ft., flying over strip of

marsh land; 1 9.

Differs from C. glacialis in the entirely black thorax of

both sexes, the less distinctly ringed tibie of the ?, the

complete absence of pulvilli, and the structure of the hypo-

pygium (see fig. 9). The white lamelle of the female

ovipositor, the whitish male claspers (though the side-pieces

are dark), and the traces of white wings on the tibia, in my

opinion, locate the species in Cricotopus rather than in

Trichocladius. Originally described from Greenland, it has

since been found in Jan Mayen (Bristowe).

Metrivcnemus ursinus (Holmgren).

Bear Istanp: Walrus Bay, S.E. of island, 22. vi. 1921 ;

c, 20ft., on stones, and under stones in limestone gully,

Diptera Nematocera from Spitsbergen. 211

quarter mile inland; 5 ¢,2 29. S.W. of island, 22. vi. 1921 ;

under walrus bones, on moss; 1g. ‘Tundra, W. of Mount

Misery, 16. vi.1921; 3 ¢.

Spitspercen: Bruce City, Klaas Billen Bay, 19-22. vii.

1921; round huts, on shingle of raised beach; 2 g,2 2.

Cape Boheman, N, side of Ice Fjord, 12. vii. 1921; flying

over strip of marsh land; 2 9,7 ?.

N. Epinsurcu I. (S.W. of Prince Charles’ Foreland) ;

on stones of rocky beach just above high tide, 29. vi, 1921 ;

8g,10?.

I think this identification is quite certain, There is a

rather remarkable sexual difference in the wings; in the ¢

the hairs are confined to the apical fourth, whereas in the

? nearly the whole surface is rather scantily hairy. The

structural characters are otherwise almost identical with

those of M. cataractarum, Kieff.

Metriocnemus brevinervis (Wolmgren).

Spirspercen: Bruce City, head of Klaas Billen Bay,

22. vii. 1921 ; on shingly raised beach with Dryas ; 2

On venational and other characters this belongs to the

same group as M, angulatus, Goet., and M. impensus, Walk.,

but it is much darker than these species. Hypopygium,

fig. 10.

Diamesa, Mg.

The genus Adiamesa, Kieff., is founded solely on the

characters of the male antenne, and is indistinguishable

from Diamesa in the female sex; | therefore prefer to

include it under Diamesa. Psilodiamesa, Kieff. (which is

unknown to me), seems to be distinct by venation. Some

of the species dealt with below have bare eyes, and would

perhaps be included by Kieffer in Psilodiamesa, but as the

venation of these is normal, and as the length and density

of the eye-hairs varies with the species, 1 prefer uot to

separate them from Diamesa.. None of the Spitsbergen

species are identical with any of the ten British forms of

this group known to me.

Diamesa ursus (Kieffer).

Bear Istanp: Walrus Bay, 15-22. iv. 1921; on bare rock,

under plank, and under stones quarter mile inland; 3 2.

Inland from S. coast, 14. vi. 1921; on hillock green with

vegetation ; 3 9°.

This species was described from the ¢ only, and the

; 14*

212 Mr. F. W. Edwards on

association of these specimens is largely conjectural, but

there seems to be no other described species with which

they can be identified. The antennz are 8-segmented, but

the segments are not very well separated, the 7th in par-

ticular being small and not clearly marked off from the 8th,

though distinguishable by its hair-whorl. The second seg-

ment is rather large, stouter than the following, and rather

sharply constricted on the dorsal surface near the base.

Segment 8 is nearly as long as 4—7 together. The lamelle

of the ovipositor (fig. 11) are very large, irregularly shaped,

and yellowish. The wings have a rather pronounced

brownish-grey tint, and as is the case in the females of

many species of this genus (including all those known from

Spitsbergen) the apical part of R, is considerably swollen

and very closely approximated to the costa, and the basal

fourth of R, is darkened.

It is probable that the 2 ? from Bear Island refertea to

D. arctica by Kieffer in 1911 really belong here, since he

refers to the unusually large lamellee of the ovipositor.

Diamesa hyperborea, Holmgren.

Bear Isuanp: Walrus Bay, S.E. of island, 22. vi. 1921;

20-50 ft., quarter mile inland under stones on shady

slopes '¢ .

This specimen is much smaller than those of D. ursus

(wing-length 3 mm., instead of 4-6 mm.) and has the lamelle

of the ovipositor proportionately much smaller and quite

differently and more regularly shaped (fig. 12). In size and

most other points it agrees with Holmgreu’s description.

The antennz are 8-segmented and not 6-segmented, but I

do not consider that any importance need be attached to this

apparent difference. No species of Diamesa are definitely

known with the antennz 10-segmented in the g and 6-seg-

mented in the ?, and it is extremely unlikely that the only

two species which Holmgren described should really possess

these characters ; it is much more probable that he made an

excusable error in counting the segments, which are at best

poorly defined.

Diamesa arctica (Bohem.).

There is no species in the Oxford collection which can be

positively identified with D. arctica, but I think I can so

regard a male in the British Museum from King’s Bay,

Diptera Nematocera from Spitsbergen. 213

Marble Island, Spitsbergen, 26. viii. 1911 (1/. A. Fenton).

The eyes are shortly but conspicuously hairy; the antennze

are plumose, 13- or 14-segmented, the terminal segment

about one-third longer than the remaining flagellar segments

together. The hypopygium (fig. 13) is similar in structure

to that of the American species figured by Malloch as

D. waltli, Mg., but the side-pieces and the spine of the ninth

tergite are much more elongate. The species identified as

D. arctica by Kieffer in 1911 (renamed by him in 1919

D. lundstroemi) has quite a different hypopygium.

Diamesa poultoni, sp. a.

SpitsBERGEN: Green Harbour, S. side of entrance to

Ice Fjord, 28. vi. 1921 ; 0-100ft., flying; 4g, 2 92.

Prince CHARLES’ ForEtanpD: Pt. Carmichael, Freshwater

Bay district, N.E. of island, 1-10. vii. 1921; 30-100 ft., at

flowers of Sazifraga oppositifolia, on tundra of shingly

raised beach, flying and resting on snow and under stone on

bull; 5 5?) 9-9 «

Head blackish, rather conspicuously dusted with grey,

especially in the ? ; frons without a definite central channel.

Eyes bare in both sexes; widely separated, entire. Mouth-

parts and antenne entirely blackish. Antenne of ¢

plumose, 14-segmented, basal flagellar segments transverse,

penultimate segments about as broad as long, terminal seg-

ment about one-third to one-half longer than the remaining

flagellar segments together. Antenne of ? 8-segmented,

segment 2 rather stout, nearly half as long again as broad,

scarcely constricted ; segments 3-7 short, rather ill-defined,

and gradually diminishing in size, segment 8 as long as

segments 5-7 together. Thorax blackish, in 2 with fairly

distinct grey dusting which leaves the usual three mesonotal

stripes black. Scutellum with long and moderately dense

black hair. Abdomen blackish brown, with brownish hair,

Hypopygium (fig. 14): ninth tergite with a long sharp

terminal spine ; side-pieces with flat, bare, and pointed basal

lobes and small, slightly hairy, and subapical lobes; claspers

stout on the basal third, then rather abruptly narrowed,

tapering to a rounded point, no terminal spine. Lamelles

of ovipositor (fig. 15) small, black. Legs blackish, short-

haired, hairs on front tarsi of g very slightly longer. First

segment of front tarsi about two-thirds to four-fifths as long

as the tibia, fourth segment of all tarsi about two-thirds to

214 Mr. F. W. Edwards on

three-quarters as long as the fifth, not very broad, emar-

ginate apically, Empodia about two-thirds as long as the

claws. JWings slightly greyish-tinged. Lobe right-angled

or slightly produced. Costa extending slightly beyond the

tip of R,. Costal cell much broader in 9 than in g

(as usual) and tip of R,; swollen in 9. Cross-vein 7—m long,

strong, curved, 2'5-3 times as long as m-—cu ; distance be-

tween 7—m and m-—cu variable, but short. Halteres yellowish.

Wing-length 4-5 mm. ; body-length, ¢ 445 mm., ?

2°7-3 7 mm.

It is quite likely that this may have formed part of

Holmgren’s series of D. arctica, especially since some of his

material came from Green Harbour, but as he states that

the lamellz of the ovipositor are testaceous, not black, I

have not adopted his name for the species. There is in the

British Museum a female apparently belonging to this

species from Novaya Zemlya (Matotchski Sound, 23 June,

1880, Captain A. H. Markham, R.N.).

Diamesa poultoni, var. flavipila, n.

Prince Cuartes’ Foretanp: Pt. Carmichael, Fresh-

water Bay district, N.E. of island ; 1] ?.

Differs from typical D. poultonit as follows :—Wings

almost milky; hair on scutellum yellow, instead of black.

Diamesa septima, sp. n.

Bear Istanp: south of island, 17. vi. 1921; flying over

barren Tetradium limestone; 1 2.

Differs from J). poultoni as follows :—Second antennal

segment smaller, scarcely longer than broad. Lamelle of

ovipositor yellow and rather more rounded (fig. 16). Fourth

tarsal segments rather shorter, about 0°6 as long as the

fifth. Cross-vein r+-m shorter, scarcely twice as long as

m-—cu. Wing-length 4mm.; body-length 3:2 mm.

Key to the Species of the Diamesa Group now known

from Spitsbergen and Bear Island.

1. Cross-vein r—m short and transverse,

m-—cu long and oblique; legs largely

whitish i 56 il). 3 blew Aer las Psilodiamesa spitzbergensis, Kieff,

Cross-vein r-m long and oblique,

m-cu short and transverse; legs

binckiolt {fin 7. «See eT eset es 2.

“sh

Diptera Nematocera from Spitsbergen. 215

eerie 3.

POPARRCY sce sain n> vicnniein cee 5.

3. Lamellee of ovipositer black ...... poultont, sp. n.

Lamellx of ovipositor yellow. ..... septima, sp, i.

4, Male antenne plumose, the terminal

segment longer than the remaining

segments together...........6... 5.

Male antenne not conspicuously

plumose, the terminal segment

much shorter than the remaining

segments together.,............ 6.

. Side-pieces of male hypopygium each

with two terminal appendages .. lundstroemt, Kieff.

Side-pieces each with only a single

BIORGAOBES, . 5:0 gphbd «> <) odae- arctica (Bohem.), Edw.

6. Size 4-5 mm.; lamelle of ovipositor

MONGMARED bi: edn vente wore tena ursus, Kieff.

Size 2-3 mm. ; lamellze of ovipositor

ON S| i bid bbs weeds bss) cd bide hyperborea, Holmer.

Culicide.

Aédes alpinus (L.).

Synonyms: Culex alpinus, Linn. ; C. nigripes, Zett.

Srirspercen: Bruce City, head of Klaas Billen Bay,

22. vil. and 2. vill. 1921; flying over shingle with tundra and

ponds; 3 ¢.

Anisopodide.

Trichocera lutea, Becher. (Fig. 17.)

Bear Istanp: Walrus Bay, S.E. of island ; 14. vi. 1921;

1 g,1l 2, flying; 15. vi. 1921, under plank on bare rock,

ec. 10ft.,7 o,5 2.

All the specimens are blackish, without any definite trace

of the yellow thoracic markings described by Becher, but

the remarkable male hypopygium places the identification

beyond question. The only other known species with a

hypopygium at all approaching this in structure is the North

European 7. forcipula, Nielsen. T. lutea is also peculiar in

its venation, most specimens having r—m placed slightly

before the apex of Rs, a unique character in this family ; in

a few wings of 7. lutea the position of r—m varies from the

normal, being either at or slightly beyond the fork of Rs.

Quite possibly the Zrichocera recorded from Spitsbergen

by Boheman and Holmgren as 7. parva and 17’. hiemalis may

be this species, but there is no reason why 7’. hiemalis should

not occur.

216 On Root-division in the Molar Teeth of Tritylodon.

XXII.—Note on Root-division in the Molar Teeth of

Tritylodon. By Dr. BRANISLAY PETRONIEVICS,

Tue longitudinal root-division in the molar teeth of Tr-

tylodon was definitively established by the present writer in a

previous paper (comp. “ On the Skull of Tritylodon longevus,”

in Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hist. [8] vol. xx., 1917, p. 283). The

transverse root-division in the molar teeth of the similar type

Stereognathus, also established by me in another paper

(‘Note on the Lower Jaw of Stereognathus ooliticus,” in

Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. [9] vol. i., 1918, p. 67), suggested

the possibility of the same division in Tritylodon, This

suggestion was confirmed by a new preparation of the

specimen (M. 1951) in the British Museum during my last

stay in London in 1920.

The text-figure shows the hinder side of the recently

ay) By.

Section of the penultimate molar of T’ritylodon longevus, Owen, left side.

Nat. size.

prepared penultimate molar of Yritylodon situated on the

left side of the skull (comp. JZ. c. tooth 5 in text-fig. 2), the

same which shows the longitudinal root-division also (comp.

the photograph, l. c. pl. x. fig. 2). But while in its longitu-

dinal direction it has only two roots, its transverse direction

is characterized by three distinct roots (a, b, y in the figure),

corresponding to the three longitudinal rows of cusps. The

middle root (6 in the figure)—the shortest of the three—is

the largest, is of triangular shape, and shows the closed pulp-

cavity in section. The inner root (a in the figure), closely

applied to the middle one, is of rectangular shape, while the

outer (y in the figure) is the longest, but in the present

state of the specimen unfortunately represented by a small

fragment only (in the photograph, l. ¢. pl. x. fig. 2, it was

still complete). Behind the penultimate molar in question

there was in the specimen a root-impression of the last molar

(which has been cut away by the new preparation), showing

only an imperfect transverse division of this root.

lt is, Ll think, not necessary to emphasize the importance

On new Fishes from New Britain and Japan. = 217

of the fact now established for the mammalian character of

Tritylodon, the transverse root-division of its molars excluding

completely any possibility of it being a reptile.

Finally, I desire to express my thanks to Dr. Woodward,

of the British Museum, for permission to describe the new

preparation (executed by F. O. Barlow); also to Dr. An-

drews, of the British Museum, for some valuable help.

XXIUI.—Two new Fishes from New Britain and Japan.

By J. R. Norman.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Trachypterus pentastigma, sp. n.

Body decreasing in depth from head to tail, greatest

depth (at occiput) 53 in length. Smooth; belly with a

narrow prickly area extending from behind insertion of pelvics

nearly to root of caudal. Lateral line complete, armed with

small spines in the caudal region. Head higher than long,

its length 64 in length of body ; anterior profile nearly

vertical. Snout shorter than eye, which is placed above

middle of head, and is 4 of its length; interorbital width 3

diameter of eye. Mouth small, nearly vertical; maxillary

broad and rounded behind, reaching vertical from anterior

third of eye; jaws equal ; angle of lower jaw below pupil ;

both jaws without teeth. Dorsal VI 164; commencing

above anterior third of eye and extending almost to base of

caudal. Pelvics 6-rayed, inserted just behind base of

pectorals, Caudal with 8 elongate rays inserted at right

angles to axis of body, longest more than } length of body ;

six short rays below these. Coloration pinkish; five large,

round, brown spots on sides of body, two above lateral line,

two above anterior part of belly, and one below anterior part

of second dorsal ; a narrow dark streak along base of entire

dorsal fin ; all fins pale.

A single specimen, 135 mm. in total length, from Misaki,

Japan, collected and presented to the British Museum by

Mr. A. V. Insole.

BRACHYCONGER, gen, nov.

Closely related to Xenoconger, Regan *, from which it

* Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, Zool. xy. pt. 2, 1912, p. 301; Ann, & Mag,

Nat. Hist. ser. 8, x. 1912, p. 381.

218 On new Fishes from New Britain and Japan.

differs in the following chavacters:—T'ail short; posterior

nostril labial; teeth uniserial.

j fh

y UU

v yu

v v v

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ve vy Vy ‘ v

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te “v ee vv Vv

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w vv v vy Vv

vv vv Ve vy

Ay , Vv

vv vy Ve vv

td vy vy vy v

“ny ‘yv fe Vv

M < Vv

i v v

v v

Dentition of A. Xenoconger fryeri, B. Brachyconger platyrhynchus.

Brachyconger platyrhynchus, sp. n.

Tail slightly longer than rest of fish. Head a little broader

than deep, its length about ? of the length from gill-opening

to vent ; snout broad and flat, rounded anteriorly, its length

nearly } length of head and slightly more than diameter of

eye. Jaws equal anteriorly; cleft of mouth horizontal,

extending to below posterior border of eye. Anterior nostril

almost at end of snout ; posterior just in front of vertical

from anterior margin of eye. Dorsal and anal fins well

developed ; former commencing at a distance from the gill-

opening equal to ? length of head. Brownish, paler below ;

caudal with a very narrow pale margin.

A single specimen, 130 mm. in total length, from New

Britain.

;

On Saw-jlies from Spitsbergen, 219

XXIV.—Results of the Oxford University Expedition to

Spitsbergen, 1921.—No. 15, Saw-jlies. By F. D. Morice.

TWELVE specimens in all of this group were captured during

the Expedition, but two only actually in Spitsbergen, the

remainder on Bear Island, which lies between Spitsbergen

and the North Cape. All are labelled as taken by C. 5S.

Elton between June 14 and 26. Mr. Elton describes the

surface of Bear Island visited by him as “ shattered rock with

very sparse tundra.”

Like most of the saw-flies yet recorded from high northern

atitudes, all belong to the tribe Nematini, and would have

been included till recently in the Jurinean genus Nematus ;

but, according to our present classifications, three genera are

represented among them, and each of these genera by asingle

species. Of the twelve specimens all but one are males, and

none of the records throw any light on their attachment to

any particular food-plant; but they are all such as might be

expected to oviposit on some species of Salix, and one (the

Pontania) is no doubt a gall-maker.

None of the species, I believe, are ‘‘new to science,” nor

do any of them appear to be actually confined to Spitsbergen

or Bear Island. No. 1 was first described from ‘ Lappland

and Jemtland” (in Sweden). No. 2, known hitherto only

from Spitsbergen, occurred on this occasion both there and in

Bear Island. No. 3 seems to be a form described froin the

New Siberian Islands and the mouth of the Lena. All

belong to genera which are well represented in Northern

Europe and Siberia, and it seems most probable that they

have spread into their present habitats from the nearest parts

of the adjacent continent comparatively lately—z, e., certainly

since the Glacial Period,—though it is not easy to suggest

any probable manner in which they can have crossed the

intervening seas, for they have but little power of flight, and

do not (like Sirea etc.) feed or pupate inside logs which

might be floated to a distance from their birth-place.

Although I have not seen the actual “ authov’s types”’ of

any of these three species, I do not feel much hesitation

about identifying them as follows. The largest of them (the

Amauronematus) has, I believe, been described several times

under different names, and I give these names as synonyms

with the year in which each was first published. I reproduce

also, from the label attached to each specimen, Mr. Elton’s

220 On Saw-flies from Spitsbergen. :

notes as to the exact locality and other circumstances of its

capture,

List of the Specimens.

1. Amauronematus villosus, Thoms., 1862 (described, as

Nematus villosus, from “ Lappland and Jemtland”’).

= Nematus arcticus, Holmgren, 1869 (described from “ Spitzbergen et

= Nematus brachyacanthus, var. palliditarsis, Cameron, 1875 (described

from a specimen now in Brit. Mus. taken by Eaton in Spitsbergen).

= Nematus gelidus, W. F. Kirby, 1882 (described from the same speci-

men in Brit. Mus. In the appendix to his Catalogue Kirby adopted

Cameron’s name palliditarsis).

= Amauronematus hyperboreus, Schmiedeknecht (nec Thomson !), 1911.

1 g,Junel4. S.E. of Bear Island, Walrus Bay. “ Flying

over ‘l’etradium limestone.”

1 g, June 15. S.E. of Bear Island, Walrus Bay. “On

bare rock: about 20 feet.”

1g,June 16. E. of Bear Island. ‘Tundra W. of

Mount Misery : 0-150 feet.”

1¢?,Junel17. S. of Bear Island. ‘“ Flying over barren

Tetradium limestone.”

2. Pristiphora frigida, Bohem., 1865 (described as WN. frigi-

dus from Spitsbergen. Pristiphora adelungi, Konow,

1902, seems to be only a dark-legged form of the same

species, and identical with a var. mentioned by Bohemann.

Konow and Enslin identify Bohemann’s frigidus with

the common European form P. melanocarpa, Hartig;

but this seems hardly probable).

1g, June 14. §.E. of Bear Island, Walrus Bay.

238 ,June 26. W. Spitsbergen, head of Ice Fiord,

Gyps Valley. ‘100-200 ft.: slope with Dryas and Saai-

fraga.”

3. Pontania birule, Konow, 1907 (described and figured

from ‘the New Siberian Islands and the mouth of the

Lena’”’). i

2¢¢,Junel6. E. of Bear Island. ‘ Tundra W. of

Mount Misery: “ 0-150 feet.”

3¢, June 22. S.E. of Bear Island, Walrus Bay.

“ 30-40 ft.: hillside, quarter mile inland, under stone or

plant.”

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On Lucernaria quadricornis and related Species. 221

XXV.—Notes on Lucernaria quadricornis, Miller, and related

Species. By Ricuarp Evmurrst, I.L.8., Superintendent

of the Millport Marine Biological Station,

Lucernaria quadricornis, O. F, Miiller, Haeckel, System der

Medusen, p. 390 (1880).

Lucernaria quadricornis, Miller, Beaumont, VI, Ann. Rep. L. M. B. C.

p. 31 (1892).

Haliclystus sp. (? nu. sp.), Beaumont, L. M. B. C. Reports upon the

Fauna of Liverpool Bay, p. 159 (1895), reprinted from ‘Trans.

Liverp. Biol. Soc. vol. vii. pp. 253-263 (1894).

The original Clyde record for this species is given by

Dr. Johnston (1847) as found by Mr. Joshua Alder “ adhering

to stones at low-water mark at Ardrossan, in May, 1846.”

This record has since been repeated in various lists ete. In

the Annual Report of the Millport Station for 1904 Dr.

Russell records Lucernaria sp. ?, from Bennan Head, 8. Arran.

In 1909, when collecting Depastrum near this station, I

found several specimens of a Lucernarian which could not

readily be assigned to any known species, owing to the

presence of single capitate tentacles in some of the marginal

bays. In 1919 Prof. Gemmill found a similar specimen, and

I procured another in Vidlin Voe, Shetlands, in Feb. 1916.

In 1894 the late W. 1. Beaumont, ina note on Lucernarians

occurring in the neighbourhood of Port Erin, Isle of Man,

describes three specimens from ‘ undersides of stones on the

S. side of Port Erin Bay, where Depastrum also occurs.”

These, in view of the paucity of material, he refers “ provi-

sionally to tlhe genus Haliclystus, as ““Halielystus sp. (?n. sp.).’””

He based this identification on the presence, apparently only

definitely observed in one specimen, of “ primary tentacles

(retaining the original tentacular structure instead of being

modified into marginal anchors), which occurred in the

eight marginal bays, and on the rather complicated structure

of the gonads, although he had already referred them to

Lucernaria quadricornis, Miller (L. M. B. C. Rep, 1892,

p- 31), and despite the fact that they had single-chambered

stalks—a character distinctive of the genus Lucernaria. No

further specimens of this species have occurred at Port Erin.

The accompanying table (p. 222) shows the characters of

the specimens available.

The erratic occurrence of these “primary tentacles ” surely

indicates that they are negligible as diagnostic characters,

and of small significance when compared with an important

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Lucernaria quadricornis and related Species. 223

morphological character like the ccelenteron of the stalk being

single- (Lucernaria) or four-chambered (/Maliclystus)—espe-

cially as variations, numeral and other, so frequently oceur in

Lucernarian tentacles (Clark, Beaumont, Hornell, Browne).

Antipa (1892) has described a young Craterolophus tethys

which had a single tentacle in each of four neighbouring

octants. Browne (1895, p. 4) mentions two Haliclystus

octoradiatus having “ capitate tentacles on the margin of the

umbrella in an abnormal position.” Further, Hornell (1893,

p- 208) has noted the presence of “ marginal bodies” in the

young of L. campanulata. Variations of this type must, I

think, be regarded as “vestiges of the tentaeulocyst-rudiments

of ancestral scyphistomata” (Hurst, p. 214); it is note-

worthy that these vestigial characters occur chiefly in young

specimens, just as the presence of tentacles on the marginal

anchors is a normal condition of young Haliclystus (Beau-

mont, 1800).

These Clyde specimens I regard as young Lucernaria

quadricornis, Miiller, and they agree with that species in the

following characters :—Funnel-shaped, slightly four-sided ;

stalk single-chambered, from equal to to twice the length of

the body, cylindrical, annular in contraction ; perradial bays

twice as broad and deep as the interradial ; gonads extending

to the ends of the arms ; arms ending in a cluster of capitate

tentacles, eight to twenty-one in number.

The smailer Clyde specimens were yellow in colour, like

the Port Erin ones; the larger were olivaceous brown, like

the Shetland one.

These specimens also are, I think, referable to Z. quadri-

cornis, Miller. The structure of the gonads is very similar

to that of Haliclystus (Clark, 1878, p. 67). They form eight

adradial bands, composed of ‘hollow spheroidal saccules .. .

attached to the inner faces of the circumoral parietes. ‘They

are totally disconnected from each other, but usually so

crowded that their peripheries come in contact and mutually

mould themselves into polygonal shapes.” The saccules

open, each by a short oviduct, into the radial pouches. The

specimen which Beaumont sectioned was ripe, but rather

crumpled, which makes the details diffieult to follow ; but,

after a careful comparison, I think they agree with a Clyde

specimen (1919. vii. 11) which is as described.

My thanks are due to the Director of the Plymouth Labo-

ratory for his courtesy in lending Mr. Beaumont’s sections

fo me,

224 On Lucernaria quadricornis and related Species.

Lucernaria quadricornis.

Breeds in the summer montls:—Clyde, ova in May and

July ; Port Erin, between June and Sept. (Beaumont) ;

Shetland, Feb., unripe.

Lucernaria campanulata, Lamouroux.

By the courtesy of Prof. Dakin I have been able to

examine two specimens taken on the south end of the Isle of

Man at Easter 1920. They agree closely with Haeckel’s

description, except that some of the arms have more than 40

tentacles (46-48).

This is the first Manx record of this species, although it is

recorded from the east of Ireland.

Breeding :—Leith, ripe in April (Dr. Johnston) ; Scar-

borough, ripe in May, spent in Sept., young July and August

(Dr. Irving); English Channel, summer (fornell and

Hurst).

Haliclystus octoradiatus, Clark (following Beaumont, 1900,

and regarding HW. auricula and H. octoradiatus as forming

‘“‘a series belonging to one species”).

Scarborough, ripe in July, young in July, August, and

September (Dr. Irving) ; Valencia, ripe in May (Beaumont) ;

English Channel, ripe in summer, half-grown in June

(Hornell and Hurst) ; ripe, March and April, 1919, at Ply-

mouth (M. B. A. record in litt.) ; Welsh coast, half-grown

and ripe in August (£2. E.). This indicates two generations

in the year, the second mature at four or five months old.

Depastrum cyathiforme, Gosse.

Clyde, ripe, April to August; very young, July to Sept.

Port Erin, summer (Beaumont).

REFERENCES.

1847. Jounston,G. ‘A History of British Zoophytes.’

1878. Crarx,H.J. ‘ Lucernariz,’ Monograph Smithson. Contrib.

1880. HaxrcKkeL, E. ‘Das System der Medusen.’

1892. Anzipa, Gr. Z. Jahrb. Abth. Syst. 6 Bd.

1893. Horney, J. ‘Natural Science,’ vol. iii.

1893. Hurst, C.H. ‘Natural Science,’ vol. iii.

1894. Bravumont, W.I. Trans. Liverpool Biol. Soc. vol. vii. pp. 253-

265 (reprinted in L. M. B. C. Reps. vol. iv.).

1895. Beaumont, W.I. ‘ Fauna of Liverpool Bay.’

1895. BROWNE, E, T. Q. J. M. 8S. vol. xxxviii. pp. 1-8, pl. i.

1900. Braumont, W. I. Proe. Roy. Irish Acad. (3) vol. v.

1913, Invine, J. ‘The Naturalist.’

‘

Reproductive Phenomena in Tasmanian Marsupials. 225

XXVI.— Notes on certain Reproductive Phenomena in some

Tasmanian Marsupials. By Professor ‘Tl. ‘THOMSON

Fiynn, D.Sc., University of ‘lasmania.

KNOWING well the great importance of securing, while there

is still time, a representative collection of intra-uterine stages

and pouch-young of the fast-disappearing marsupial fauna of

Tasmania, and, having been assisted in the attainment of this

end by the funds placed at the disposal of the University of

Tasmania by the Trustees of the estate of the late John

Ralston and by a grant from the British Association, I have

in the last few years set myself to this task. The net result

is that a most valuable* series of such stages, ranging from

early segmentation onward, has been obtained, and is now

being investigated in the Biological Department of the

University of Tasmania,

The greater proportion of this valuable material is of the

common diprotodont marsupial Pseudochirus cooki (the

Tasmanian “ringtail” phalanger) *; but stages have also

been obtained illustrating the development of Zrichosurus,

Perameles, Potvrous tridactylus, Bettongia cuniculus, and

some other forms,

Some of the larger problems presented by this material are

now being investigated, but, during the course of collecting

and examining, note has been made of a number of points

connected with the natural history of these interesting

mammals, and, in view of the general significance of these

facts and our meagre knowledge of even the more ordinary

details of marsupial life, opportunity is being taken in this

short communication to put them on record. Further, the

notes on breeding-seasons etc. may be useful to future

collectors in this very distant but biologically interesting

portion of the empire.

Almost all the collecting has been done during tle winter

months, since it is during that time of the year in Tasmania

that the professional trapper shows his greatest activity.

In the vicinity of Hobart the marsupial most easily

obtained is Pseudochirus cookt. Naturally enough, my notes

refer to this marsupial more than to any other.

Pseuduchirus cooki is a small diprotodont marsupial,

* Matschie has lately revised the genus Pseudochirus (Sitzb. Ges,

nat. Freunde, Berlin, 1915), and has altered the specific name of the

Tasmanian form to “ pulcher.” However, until Matschie’s conclusions

have been agreed to by taxonomists more experienced than myself, I

prefer to keep to the better-known specilic designation cooks.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. x, 15

226 Prof. T. Thomson Flynn on Reproductive

nocturnal in habits, found almost invariably (in southern

Tasmania) in those eucalypts known familiarly as ‘‘ pepper-

mint gums,” on the succulent terminal twigs of which it

feeds. It is particularly hard to trap, and is obtained

generally by “ mooning ”—that is, by shooting on moon-light

nights in the way described by Broom for Z'richosurus vulpe-

cula*, In this way it is quite possible for a good shot, with

a well-trained dog, under favourable conditions to get a bag

of some four or five dozen animals in one night. The dog’s

share in the hunt is to scent out the trees in which the

animals are feeding.

Pseudochirus breeds during the whole winter from May to

August. I have, on one occasion, found early segmenting

eges in the last week of August, and it is possible that

pregnant specimens may occasionally occur early in September.

It is common enough, however, to get pseudo-pregnant

females in the latter month. Having done no collecting in

the summer months, I am not able to say whether there is a

summer breeding-season, but, Judging from statements made

to me by hunters, I think it quite likely.

The female organs of Pseudochirus are, as might be

expected, similar to those of Trich surus. The lateral

vaginal canals are quite conspicuous, especially during

“heat,” and serve for the transmission, én coitu, of the semen.

In Pseudochirus also, as in Trichosurus, as Hill as shown f,

parturition takes place through a pseudo-vaginal passage.

Detailed observations on marsupial development so far

published refer almost entirely to two polyprotodont genera—

Dasyurus viverrinus and Didelphys virginiana. In both of

these, as shown by Hillf, Hill and O’ Donoghue §, and

Hartman ||, there is a lavish over-production of young,

reduced by abnormality and mortality to more reasonable

proportions. ven so, the amount of over-production is

* Broom, R., “A Contribution to the Development of the Common

Phalanger,’ Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. 1898; see also Geoffrey Smith,

‘A Naturalist in Tasmania’ (Macmillan, London, 1909).

+ Hill, J. P., “ Contributions to the Morphology and Development of

the Female Urogenital Organs in the Marsupialia.—V.,” Proc. Linn.

Soc. N.S. W. (1900).

t Hill, J. P., “On the Foetal Membranes, Placentation, and Partu-

rition of the Native Cat (Dasyurus viverrinus),” Anat. Anz. vol. xviii.

1900).

. § Hill, J. P., and O'Donoghue, C. H., ‘‘ The Reproduction Cycle in the

Marsupial Dasyurus viverrinus,” Quart. Journ. Micr. Se. vol. lix. (1913).

|| Hartman, C. G., ‘Studies in the Development of the Opossum

Didelphys virginiana,’ Journal of Morphology, vols. xxvii. and xxxii.

(1916 and 1919).

Phenomena tn some Tasmanian Marsupials. 227

remarkable enough. Hartman * found, on one occasion, just

after parturition, in the pouch of a female Virginian opossum

eighteen foetuses endeavouring to accommodate themselves

in a pouch which normally holds eleven; while for Dasyurus

viverrinus, in which the pouch normally holds six teats, Hill ¢

records two specific instances in which there were found

respectively eighteen and ten foetuses just after parturition.

It is interesting to note that a similar condition of affairs

appears to be normal for the rare Tasmanian polyprotodont

marsupial Sarcophilus ursinus (‘* Tasmanian devil’), Up to

the present I have not been able to obtain a female with

developing uterine embryos; still I have been fortunate in

receiving one in which ovulation had occurred but just

previously. In the very much enlarged and congested uteri

I found some twenty-one newly discharged ova—ten in the

right and eleven in the left. It was unfortunate that these

had not been fertilized, but the large number is of significance

when it is remembered that, in this genus, the maximum

pouch accommodation is four, and that it is not uncommon to

find but two of the teats occupied.

So far such records extend only to polyprotodont marsupials,

in which this feature is admittedly regarded as primitive. It

is therefore somewhat surprising and interesting to find that

a similar condition of affairs exists in the diprotodont Pseudo-

chirus cooki.

In the ancestral condition the pouch of Pseudochirus is a

small subcircular depression, measuring about 8 mm. in

diameter. Posteriorly it is bound by a thickened ledge,

while anteriorly the margin is thinner, and here the floor of

the pouch is somewhat depressed below the surface and

extends a few millimetres forward into the abdominal wall.

Within the pouch are four teats—an anterior pair and a

posterior pair. Both pairs are confined to the posterior half

of the pouch. The teats of the anterior are separated by a

greater lateral distance than those of tle posterior—an arrange-

ment which recalls the horseshoe-like disposition of the teats

in the pouch of Dasyurus (Hill and O'Donoghue, 1913).

The teats are all small and approximately equal in size at

this stage.

I have many specimens containing well-advanced uterine

embryos, and they all agree in their pouch-features. Ina

representative female (Ps. couki, A. 30/7/20) both uteri were

* Hartman, C. G., “Studies in the Development of the Opossum

Didelphys virginiana,—V. The Phenomenon of Parturition,” Anat. Ree.

vol. xix. (1920).

+ Hill, J. P., doe. ett, (1900).

15*

228 Prof. T. Thomson Flynn on Reproductive

pregnant, and in each there were two well-advanced embryos.

A sketch of the pouch, drawn to scale, is shown in the

accompanying text-figure. The pouch has enlarged, and the

mammary glands have undergone the usual development

associated with pregnancy. There is, however, a conspicuous

difference between the anterior pair and the posterior pair in

this regard, the latter showing much greater development

than the former. Further, while the teats of the posterior

pair are quite normal, those of the anterior are extremely

small, re-entrant, and sunk into depressions, so that it would

be quite impossible that they could be used in lactatory

processes. This is the normal condition for the pregnant

female of Pseudochirus cooki at this stage.

In the‘further development towards the accommodation of

Pouch of Pseudochirus cooki at a fairly advanced condition of pregnancy.

The unshaded elliptical area in centre represents the mouth of

the pouch. At a later stage the pouch becomes produced

forward on each side into a “ lateral pouch” as shown.

the pouch-fcetuses the posterior pair alone remains functional,

while the anterior glands undergo regressive changes. Ina

female with pouch-young the anterior nipples are found only

with the greatest difficulty, being quite minute and function-

less. Here, no doubt, Pseudochirus shows the actual regres-

sion of pouch-structures to which Hill and O’ Donoghue have

drawn attention in their work on the reproductive cycle of

Dasyurus viverrinus*,

Pseudochirus exhibits, also, primitive features in respect of

the number of young born. As already indicated, owing to

the degeneration of the anterior pair of glands and teats the

maximum pouch-accommodation can be no more than two.

It is, however, very uncommon to find but two produced at

* Fill and O'Donoghue, oc. cit. (1900).

Phenomena tn some Tasmanian Marsupials. 229

one birth (extremely rarely it is one). More often there are

more, the maximum number observed being six, three in each

uterus. On two occasions I have found three young in the

pouch, just after parturition, two of which were attached, the

remaining one dead and shrivelled. In this respect, then,

Pseudochirus exhibits a condition approximating to the

primitive one so far observed only in polyprotodont forms.

With the growth of the pouch-young the marsupium

increases in size and develops two lateral extensions—one on

each side—which pass forward in the manner indicated by

the broken line in the text-figure. Hach of these extensions

shelters an embryo, normally head downward.

In the process of parturition in Pseudochirus the distal

portion of the yolk-sac, as in other marsupials (Stirling *,

Hartman ft, Hill}), remains behind in the uterus, while the

proximal portion is drawn out into a long tenuous tube which

ean be followed by careful dissection into and along the

pseudo-vaginal passage. Practically the whole of the yolk-

sac, then, remains behind to be absorbed—a condition to

which the term “contradeciduate”’ can be applied with as

much justification as in the case of Perameles, Dasyurus, and

Talpa.

Coalescence of the bilaminar omphalopleure of neighbouring

embryos in the uterus of Pseuwdochirus is not uncommon, as

is also recorded in the case of Dasyurus by Hill and for

Didelphys by Osborne §.

Examples of true twins in marsupials appear to be rare.

Patterson and Hartman || have recently drawn attention to a

ease of polyembryony in the American opossum, in which

four early embryos were discovered in the one blastocyst.

Of these, however. only one appeared to be normal.

Bluntschli{] has also reported a supposed case of poly-

embryony in Didelphys marsupialis, a condition which he

appears to regard as normal for this species. In this case all

the four embryos were normal and fairly well advanced. It

* Stirling, E. C. “On some Points in the Anatomy of the Female

Organs of Generation of the Kangaroo, etc.,’”’ P. Z, S. 1889.

+ Hartman, loc. cit. (1920).

Hill, J. P., “The Placentation of Perameles,” Quart. Journ, Mier.

Se. vol. xliii. (1899).

§ Osborne, H. F., “The Foetal Membranes of the Marsupials: The

Yolk-sae Placenta in Didelphys,” Journ. Morphology, vol. i. (1888).

|| Patterson and Hartman, “A Polyembryonie Blastocyst in the

Opossum,” Anat. Rec. vol. xiii. (1917).

{ Bluntschli, H., “ Zur Entwickelungsgeschichte .... von Didelphys

marsupialis, ete.,” Verhandl, d. Anatom, Gesellsch. (Greifswald), Jena

(1913).

230 Reproductive Phenomena in Tasmanian Marsupials.

is more than probable that this amounts to no more than a

coalescence of the bilaminar portion of the contiguous yolk-sac

walls, in spite of Bluntschli’s suggestions to the contrary.

In Pseudochirus cooki true twins occasionally occur, two

embryos, each in its own amnion, being found in one blasto-

cyst. I have as yet observed only some three cases, all of

advanced embryos, but it is quite possible that close scrutiny

of my early blastocyst material would yield younger examples.

In all cases both embryos were normal.

This is interesting in view of the observations of Patterson

and Hartman, and of the fact that Pseudochirus is the first

diprotodont marsupial in which such an observation has been

made. A full description of the relations of these twin

embryos will shortly appear in another place.

It may be added that the foetal membranes of Pseudochirus

are similar to those described for macropods. ‘he allantois

remains as a small vesicle, never coming into organic contact

with the chorion. The yolk-sac circulation is quite like that

described for other diprotodont marsupials.

Of Tasmanian diprotodonts I have been able to obtain

fairly representative collections of intra-uterine stages and

poucli-young of two kangaroo-rats—Potorous tridactylus and

Bettongia cuniculus. Each of these breeds during the winter

season, and is frequently found in the traps set for the

catching of rabbits. Each possesses four teats in the pouch.

However, but one young is produced at each birth. Potorous

exhibits some peculiar and interesting features.

There is, for example, evidence from the number of corpora

lutea that more than one ovum is extruded from the ovary at

wvulation. Of these, but one develops normally, the others

apparently being converted into concretionary remnants, like

those found by Hartman in Didelphys*.

On one occasion the examination of the uteri of a newly

trapped female of Potorous showed that both were pregnant,

a most exceptional occurrence. The uterus of the right side

contained a quite young blastocyst, while in the left-was a

well-advanced embryo, Although this is the only case where

I have known both uteri of a single female of Potorous to be

pregnant, still, on a number of occasions, I have found an

embryo or blastocyst in one uterus associated with the

presence of an extremely young pouch-foetus, which had

certainly been born not long before. These facts certainly

show that the female of Potvrous tridactylus is able to take

the male at least twice in the same season.

* Hartman, C. G. loc. cit. (1916 and 1919).

On a new Race of Bharat. 231

In the pouch of Potorous there are, as stated above, four

teats. In the usual single embryo pregnancy it is found that

but one of the mammary glands enlarges in preparation for

the embryo, the others remaining dormant. A further curious

feature is that in the majority of cases the enlarging gland

corresponds in position to the pregnant uterus—-for example,

if one of the glands of the left side be enlarged, in all proba-

bility it will be the left uterus which is pregnant.

I am not at present able to give any extended observations

on Bettongia, As regards the polyprotodont marsupials,

they are all found to breed during the winter, usually some-

what irregularly. Dasyurus, however, is, in Tasmania, so

far as my observations go, quite regular, its breeding-season

commencing about the third week in June.

XXVIT.—On a new Race of Bharal.

By Lord Roruscuivp, F.R.S.

Pseudvis nahoor szechuanensis, subsp. n.

Pelage (from mounted specimen).— Face-mask much

browner, NoT blackish grey as in n. nahoor ; neck, sides, and

back tinged with mauve, NoT brownish ; lateral black stripes

less sharply marked and ceasing abruptly some 3-4 inches

behind shoulder, whereas in x. nahoor they come forward

behind and below shoulder, almost joining dark chest-patch ;

in the skin of the type these lateral stripes are almost absent.

Remaining black markings much less strongly marked and

much less well defined; in the type-skin the dark leg-

markings are much reduced.

Skull.—Horns straighter and curved directly backwards

and downwards, NOT as in typical race curved upwards to

form incipient second whorl. Row of teeth more curved

inwards towards the front than in the typical race.

Length of skull from foramen magnum to the pre-

maxillary 217 mm,

Length of horns :—Type: right horn 447 mm,.= 18 inches;

left horn 444 mm.= 17); inches. Mounted specimen: right

horn 560 mm.=22 in:les; left horn 540 mm. =214 inches.

Type, Shensi, Dr. J. A. C. Smith (Hon. N. C. Rothschild) ;

mounted specimen, Szechuan (Rowland Ward Trustees),

Both in British Museum,

232 Messrs. M. A. C. Hinton and W. P. Pycraft on

XXVITI.—Deseription of a new Baboon.

By Lord Roruscaitp, F.R.S,

Maimon burlacei, sp. n.

The species is somewhat intermediate between the drill

and the mandrill, and justifies the removal of the drill from

the genus Papio to that of Maimon.

$ adult.—Differs from the mandri]l in the pelage being

darker and the annulation of the hairs less extended and

fainter. The sides of the neck and beard much more rufous,

not yellow, more as in very young individuals of the mandrill,

not yellow as in adult mandrill. The long yellow chest-

mane of the adult mandrill is absent. The hair on the

buttocks is dark brown, not silvery grey. The dull olivaceous

wash of the drill is absent.

Skull.—Differs from drill in the crests supporting the facial

callosities not being constricted, but these crests are flatter in

front than in the mandrill. The short palate and short

rounded nasal foramina entirely resemble these parts in the

drill. It also resembles the drill in the shorter, more rounded

occipital area and the shorter occipital crest.

Length of skull from foramen magnum to base of incisors

157 mm.; zygomatic breadth 119 mm. ; eheek-teeth 53 mm.

Mandrill: length of skull from foramen magnum to base of

incisors 177 mm.; zygomatic breadth 126 mm.; cheek-teeth

53°5 mm. Drill: length of skull from foramen magnum to

base of incisors 156 mm.; zygomatic breadth 127 mm. ;

cheek-teeth 54 mm.

Loc. Bitye, Ja River, Camaroons (Rowland Ward

Trustees).

Type in British Museum.

XXIX.—Preliminary Note on the Affinities of the Genus

Lipotes. By Martin A. C. Hinton and W. P. Pycrart.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Ty 1918 Miller (Smithsonian Mise. Coll. Ixviii. no. 9) described

a remarkable river-dolphin inhabiting the Tung Ting Lake,

about 600 miles up the Yangtze River, China. Establishing

a new genus and species—Lipotes vewillifer—for this creature,

the Affinities of the Genus Lipotes. 233

Miller concluded, from the somewhat meagre material * before

him, that it had closer affinities with the South-American

Inia than with any other living genus. This view has been

accepted by Winge ( Vidensk. Medd. fra Dansk naturh. Foren.

Ixx. p. 84, 1919), who refers both Lipotes and Inia together

with Pontistes, Pontoporia, Saurode/lphis, and Platanista, to

the family Platanistidee. As compared with nia, Lipotes is,

according to Winge, more primitive in having more slender

teeth, and less primitive in having the facial fossa relatively

wider behind.

The British Museum has just received from Dr. Skinner at

Hankow a most valuable and important donation—namely, a

female Lipotes and a male Meomer/s, both in the flesh. We

are now engaged in dissecting these specimens, and hope to

publish a full account of our work before long. But since

the dissection of Lipotes, so far as it has gone, has brought to

light facts which seem to have an important bearing upon the

relationships of that genus, it seems advisable to publish this

preliminary note.

In its external form Lipotes presents a certain resemblance

to the Gangetic dolphin, Platanista, though the neck is less

evident than in the latter ; the blow-hole is similarly longitu-

dinal and sinistral in position; the eyes are very small,

though less reduced than in Platanista; the dorsal fin has

tle same position, although it relatively is much larger, and

the general form of the flippers is not unlike in the two

genera,

In dissecting the blow-hole we have found that the spiracle

is guarded by a pair of large floating bones placed one on

each side of the subcutaneous narial slit, and forming together

its posterior lip. ‘The inner edges of these bones are em-

bedded in the fibrous tissue surrounding the blow-hole.

Kach is provided with a double retractor muscle arising from

the facial crest behind, and with a protractor muscle arising

from the neighbourhood of the maxillary notch. The front

end of each bone is closely connected with the fibrous pad

forming the anterior valve of the blow-hole, and each pro-

tractor muscle sends fibres into the sides of that pad. On

retraction the floating bones, which diverge anteriorly, and

the front valve all move backwards together, their opposed

edges coming into close contact and tightly closing the

spiracle.

* A skull with cervical vertebrae, a photograph of the animal in the

flesh, and a deseription of its exterior drawn up by the collector, Mr, C, M,

lloy.

234 On the Affinities of the Genus Lipotes.

Two pairs of subcutaneous air-sacs are sent off from each

side of the spiracle—an anterior pair dorsal to the floating

bones, and a posterior pair ventral to those structures. There

is marked asymmetry between the two sides in this region.

On the left side tle air-sacs and the floating bone are very

materially smaller than on the right, while the posterior air-

sac is wholly concealed beneath the inner portion of the bone.

On the right side the posterior air-sac attains an enormous

development; passing out from beneath the edge of the bone,

it covers the whole surface of the d/ator naris, and in front

it sends a diverticulum upwards over the dorsal surface of the

bone, the end of the diverticulum actually abutting broadly

against the outer wall of the anterior air-pouch. This dorsal

diverticulum, although but a small part of the right posterior

air-sac, has a much greater capacity than the whole pouch of

the left side. In the respects described the right side appears

to be much more highly modified than the left, so that we

may say, perhaps, that Lipotes affords us two distinct stages

of evolution simultaneously.

The floating bones, above described, may represent an early

stage in the development of a bony facial mask, the extra-

ordinary facial structure of Platanista then representing the

culmination of such a process. By possessing even rudiments

of such a structure Lipotes would be well on the way towards

Platanista, and brought into closer relation with the latter

genus than with any other. All the characters in which

Lipotes resembles the South-American Jnia are, perhaps,

primitive features common probably to all the more primitive

members of this group, and they, in all probability, were

shared by the ancestors of Platanista.

The stomach, too, when compared with that of Platanista,

is of very primitive form, the ventriculus being widely

confluent with what represents the second compartment in

Platanista and other dolphins. ‘The stomach, therefore, may

be described as being less completely segmented proximally

than in most other genera, although towards the pylorus

several smal] compartments are shut off as usual.

To sum up, we are inclined to believe that Lipotes is more

closely related to Platanista than to any other known genus—

a conclusion in harmony with its distribution,—and that it

represents in many respects an early stage in the evolutionary

processes which have led to the development of Platanista.

On the Morphology of Brachyclonus indicus. 235

XXX.— On the Morphology of the Bursate Nematode Brachy-

clonus indicus, Raill. & Henry, 1910. By M. KHatin,

M.D., Ph.D., Parasitologist to the Zoological Society of

London *,

In 1910 Railliet and Henry published a short description of

Brachyclonus indicus, gen. et sp. n., from Tapirus indicus.

Their description lacks many details, and, moreover, is un-

accompanied by diagrams. The parasite has not been alluded

to in the literature since 1910, and the original description

remains the only one available for reference. During June

1922 I found this parasite in the small intestine of a Malayan

tapir— Tapirus indicus—which died recently in the Zoological

Gardens in London,

The Parasite.

Shape of the Body.—The body, after fixing in hot alcohol,

is straight, except the cephalic end, which is strongly bent

dorsally. The male is 12 mm. in length; its large bursa can

be seen with the naked eye. The female is 16 mm. in

length ; its posterior end is conical, tapering gradually to a

fine point. In both sexes the maximum diameter of the body

is a little anterior to the middle of the body; it is 0°63 mm,

in the female and 0°53 mm. in the male.

Skin.—The cuticle is finely striated at intervals of 0:006 mm.

The cephalic end of the body and the female tail are devoid

of striations.

Mouth-capsule.—The moutli-capsule opens antero-dorsally

(fig. 1). Its ventral wall is longer than its dorsal wall, being

respectively 0°2 mm. and 0°1 mm. in both sexes. The

mouth-opening is guarded by two chitinous plates lying side

by side and occupying the ventral half of that opening. The

cutting-edges of the two plates lie close to each other.

The dorsal. cone projects freely into the mouth-cavity

nearer its dorsal wall. At its apex opens the duct of the

dorsal cesophageal gland. On either side of the cone there is

a lancet, pyramidal in shape. There are additional chitinous

teeth springing from the floor of the moutlh-capsule close to

its ventral wall. These are much larger in size than the

* From the Helminthological Department, London School of Tropical

Medicine.

236 Dr. M. Khalil on the

dorsal lancet, and their apices curve dorsally approaching

the dorsal lancets (fig. 2).

The mouth-opening is oval in shape, becoming angular

ventrally, where its rim crosses the interval between the two

chitinous plates. ‘lhe ventro-dorsal diameter of the mouth-

opening is 0:08 mm. and its transverse diameter is 0°12 mm.

(Lsophagus.—The cesophagus is elongated, attaining its

maximum diameter near its posterior end. The length of the

cesophagus is 12 mm. in the female and 11 mm. in the male.

1/00 PB

Dorsal view of mouth-capsule. The tips of the ventral lancets or teeth

are seen in the depth of the mouth-capsule.

Its maximum diameter is 0°22 mm. and 0°17 mm. in both

sexes respectively, There is a very small cesophageal funnel.

Chyle Intestine-—The chyle intestine is straight and is

un Marana The rectum is a short chitinous tube, 0°15 mm,

in length.

Reeohd System.—The excretory vesicular is globular,

small, and is frequently collapsed. The excretory pore is

placed in the mid-ventral line a little in front of the level of

“a

Morphology of Brachyclonus indicus. 237

the cervical papilla. It lies 0°64 mm. from the cephalic end

in the female and 0°6 mm, in the male.

Cervical Papille.—The cervical papille are stout, cone-

shaped, and are very short ; they lie at right angles to the

axis of the body, 0°65 mm. in the female and 0°62 mm, in

the male from the cephalic end of the body.

Prebursal Papille.—In the male the prebursal papilla are

very prominent and long, being 071 mm. in length; they lie

0°75 mm. from the caudal extremity of the bursa.

Nerve-collar.—The nerve-collar is a thin ring surrounding

Fig. 2.

/00 F

Lateral view of the mouth-capsule. The dorsal cone is seen to the left

with a dorsal and a ventral tooth or lancet of one side represented.

the cesophagus, 0°57 mm. in the female and °55 mm. in the

male from the cephalic end of the body,

Genital Organs.—The male :—the coiled testes lie mostly

along the longitudinal axis of the body. There is a large

spindle-shaped seminal vesicle. The cement-gland occupies

practically the caudal half of the body, and is traversed by

the ejaculatory duct, opening ultimately into the cloaca,

The female :—the convolutions of the ovaries lie mostly

238 Dr. M. Khalil on the

along the longitudinal axis of the body, reaching to within

24 mm. of the cephalic end of the body. The divergent

Fig. 3.

Ventral view of male bursa and spicules.

uteri lie along the axis of the body, each ending in a short

weak ovijector. The vagina is very short, lying transversely

Morphology of Brachyclonus indicus. 239

to the axis of the body and opening in the anterior half of the

body 4°65 mm. from the nophatic end,

Spicules—The two spicules are equal and similar; the

cephalic end for 0°3 mm. is thickened, the rest of its length is

filamentous and bends slightly in its course. The length of

the spicule is 1:43 mm. There is no accessory piece, ‘I'he

spicules end in fine points.

300 p

Lateral view of male bursa.

The Male Bursa.—Vhe bursa is not divided distinetly into

lateral and dorsal lobes. It is funnel-shaped, 0°65 mm, in

length and 0°72 mm, in maximum breadth. The genital

cone protrudes freely into the cavity of the bursa (fig. 3).

The two ventral rays are short and lie closely parallel to one

another. The externo-lateral ray arises close to the ventral

rays, and is widely separated from the medio-lateral and

240 Dr. M. Khalil on the

postero-lateral rays. ‘The common trunk of the latter two

rays is only divided in its terminal half. The two rays lie

close to each other ; they are plumb at the seat of bifurcation,

and they become suddenly constricted, terminating in fine

points (fig. 4).

The externo-dorsal rays arise from the common trunk of

the dorsal ray 0°2 mm, from its origin. These rays are of

practically the same thickness throughout, having blunt conical

Fig. 5. Fig. 6.

300

Fig. 5.—Side view of female tail.

Fig. 6.—Ova. PS

ends that fall considerably short of the edge of the bursa.

The dorsal ray is 0°53 mm. long ; it bifureates in the ter-

minal 0°-l mm. Each branch is tridigitate. The two lateral

digitations lie close together, while the inner branch is widely

separated from the rest.

Genital Cone.—The genital cone is elongated and is almost

cylindrical when viewed from the ventral or dorsal surface.

Viewed laterally it is cone-shaped. The length of the cone is

;

Morphology of Brachyclonus indicus. 241

0°27 mm. ‘Two small papillze lie on either side of the cloacal

opening.

Female Tail.—The posterior end of the body of the female

is frequently twisted, so that the anus may be seen practically

on the dorsal surface of the body, The length of the tail is

0°52 mm, (fig. 5),

Ova.—Thie ova seen in the uterus of the female measure

60 w in length and 38 @ in breadth. They frequently contain

two or three segments, rarely a morula (fig. 6),

Habitat.—Small intestine of Tapirus indicus, Malay States

(died in London), .

Discussion.

The genus Brachyclonus is closely allied to Necator,

differing from it mainly by the following :—

Brachychlonus, } Necator.

Dorsal ray bifurcated near its tip. Dorsal ray divided almost to base.

Externo-dorsal ray not narrowed Externo-dorsal ray narrowed at

at its origin. its origin,

Spicules not barbed at their tip. Spicules barbed at their tip.

The genus Brachyclonus may be defined as follows :—

BRACHYCLONUS, Rail. & Henry, 1910,

Bunostomine. Mouth-capsule with the dorsal cone freely

projecting into the mouth-cavity. Mouth-opening guarded

with two chitinous plates. There are four chitinous teeth or

lancets springing from the floor of the mouth—two ventral and

two dorsal on either side of the dorsal cone. ‘lhe caudal

bursa issymmetrical. The dorsal ray divides near its end and

each of its divisions is tridigitate, The externo-dorsal ray

springs from the undivided trunk of the dorsal ray. The

vulva is placed in the anterior half of the body.

Type-species, Brachyclonus indicus, ail. & Henry, 1910.

No other species belonging to this genus has been

described,

REFERENCE.

Ramuret & Henry. 1910. ‘“Quelques Helminthes nouveaux ou peu

connus du groupe des Bunostomiens.” Bull. de la Soc, de Patho-

logie Exotique, tome ili. no. 5,

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol, x. 16

242 Mr. F. Philpot on a new

XXXI.—On O-waldocruz'a wisei, a new Nematode from the

“ Saki” Monkey. By F. Puttpot, M.Sc.*

A FEW specimens of a small bursate nematode, sent to

Professor Leiper by Dr. Wise, now Surgeon-General of

Trinidad, were collected from the “ sackawinki’’ monkey in

British Guiana, belong apparently to an undescribed species

of the genus Oswaldocruzia, Travassos, which has hitherto

been recorded only from reptilian and amphibian hosts.

Fig. 1.—Head of female,

Fig. 2.—Tail of female.

The parasites ave very small, delicate forms, the female

measuring 9°8 mm. by 0°06 mm., the male 6-4 mm. by

0:05 mm. ‘The head is surrounded by a cuticular collar of

equal diameter throughout its length and showing transverse

markings; in the female it measures 0:047 mm. long b

0:035 mm. broad, in the male 0°043 mm. long by 0029 mm,

broad. ‘lhe mouth-aperture is simple, surrounded by three

* From the Helminthological Department, London Seh ol of Tropical

Medicine.

Nematode from the * Saki” Monkey. 243

small lips. The cuticle of the body shows very fine trans-

verse striations.

- Female.—The anterior end of the body is tapering and

curved. The excretory pore lies at a distance of 0°193 mm.

from the anterior end of the body, just behind the nerve-ring.

Male bursa, dorsal view.

The vulva is transverse, without prominent lips, lying 1°9 mm.

from the posterior end. The ovijectors are strongly deve-

loped, the uteri divergent, containing thin-shelled segmented

eggs, which measure 0°028 x 0-051 mm, — Posteriorly the body

244 Ona new Nematode from the “ Saki” Monkey.

is cut off almost transversely, and bears a delicate cuticular

spine ; the anus is 0°092 mm. from the end of the spine.

Male.—The bursa is trilobed, the lateral lobes measuring

in side-view about 0°15 mm. broad by 0:054 mm. long; the

median dorsal lobe. is small and triangular. The ventro-

ventral and ventral rays lie close together and are approxi-

mately of equal thickness ; the externo-lateral is separate,

thinner than the ventrals, and directed outwards ; the median

and postero-lateral are close, equal in thickness to the ventrals,

Fig. 4.

Male bursa, lateral view.

and directed outwards. ‘The externo-dorsal arises from the

base of the dorsal, and does not quite reach the edge of the

bursa. The dorsal ray is broad at the base, becoming

narrower after the origin of the externo-dorsal; near the

distal end it bifurcates, each ray giving rise to three branches.

The spicules measure 0°106 mm. long, are twisted, divided

into four branches at the distal end ; there is no accessory

piece.

REFERENCES.

Mourn. 1860. ‘Il Sottordine degli Acrofalli.’

Travassos. 1921. “ Contribuigdes para o conhecimento da fauna hel-

mintolojica brasileira — XIII.” Mem, Inst. Oswaldo Cruz,

Geological Society. 245

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTICE,

Practical Zoology for Medical and Junior Students. By J. D. F.

Giicurist and C. von Borns. Pp. xi+329, 105 text-figures.

Edinburgh: E. and 8. Livingstone, 1922. Price 15s, net.

Tuts book is intended for students of elementary zoology, and, as it

is designed especially for use in South Africa, it includes directions

for the study not only of animals commonly used in laboratories in

this country, but also of certain South African types. Each alter-

nate page is left blank for the reception of the student’s notes and

drawings. The numerous illustrations are, with few exceptions,

original, and are clear and well reproduced.

The treatment is on strictly traditional lines, and the work is

more likely to be useful in South Africa than in this country, where

it is hardly likely to displace the well-tried text-books now in use.

Only two South African types are described in detail—namely, the

crawfish, Jasus, and tho platana, or clawed toad, Xenopus. In the

accounts of these we find some very surprising statements indeed.

For instance, it is stated that in Jasus there are no appendages on

the last abdominal somite (p. 94), and the antennule of the same

animal is described as follows:—‘‘ The protopodite is two jointed,

the endopodite is a single two-jointed rod terminating in two small

flagella, and the exopodite is absent” (p. 102).

PROCEEDINGS OF LEARNED SOCIETIES.

GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

April 12th, 1922.—Prof. A. C. Seward, Se.D., F.R.S., President,

and afterwards Dr. H. H. Thomas, V.P.G.S8., in the Chair.

The following communications were read :—

1. ‘Ona Collection of Carboniferous Plants from Peru.’ By

Albert Charles Seward, Se.D., F.R.S., Pres.G.S.

The plants described by the Author were collected by Mr. J. A.

Douglas in 1911 from coal-bearing strata on the south side of the

Peninsula of Paracas, a few miles south of Pisco on the coast of

Peru. Although the specimens are few in number and for the

greater part fragmentary, they are of considerable interest: they

demonstrate the occurrence on the coast of Peru of Carboniferous

strata; whether the plants should be referred to an Upper or a

Lower horizon is not certain. Hitherto no fossiliferous Palwozoic

rocks have been recorded from the Peruvian coast.

246 Geological Society.

2. * The Geological History of the Genus Stratiotes : an Account

of the Evolutionary Changes which have occurred within the

Genus during the Tertiary and Quaternary Eras.’ By Miss Marjorie

Elizabeth Jane Chandler. (Communicated by Mrs. E, M. Reid,

B.Se., F.L.S., F.G.S.)

Stratiotes, a monotypic genus of European and West Asian

water-plants, is the descendant of a line of ancestors which can be

traced back to the Eocene. The seeds have long been known

in the fossil state as Folliculites, Paradoxocarpus, etc., but their

relationship with Sfratiotes was not recognized until 1896. For

many years the subject was in hopeless confusion, because the

species were ill-defined and the types and type-localities lost or

inadequately studied. ;

The recent seed is first investigated, and an account then given

of the modifications which have occurred in the genus since the

Eocene Period. Nine species are described or redefined, of which

S. aloides alone is still living. Seven of them appear to constitute

links in an evolutionary chain which terminates in the recent

plant, while two perhaps represent a branch-line of evolution,

distinguished by certain peculiarities of form and raphe.

As the fossil species occur in great abundance, and as several of

them are widespread geographically, while each seems to have a

limited range in time, there is a hope that Stratiotes may prove of

value in the correlation of isolated freshwater deposits in Europe.

May 10th, 1922.—Prof. A. C. Seward, Sc.D., F.B.S.,

President, in the Chair.

The following communications were read :—

1. ‘The Lower Carboniferous Succession in the Settle District

and along the line of the Craven Faults.’ By Prof. Edmund

Johnston Garwood, Se.D., F.R.S., V.P.G.S., and Miss Edith

Goodyear, B.Sc., F.G.S.

For some years past the problem presented by the marked

change in the character of the Lower Carboniferous rocks in the

neighbourhood of the Craven Faults has attracted the attention of

geologists. This change was attributed by the late Mr. R. H.

Tiddeman to faulting along the line of the Craven Faults during

the deposition of the beds, while Prof. J. EK. Marr has suggested

that the special ‘ knoll-reef’ structures characteristic of the beds

lying south of the faults, are the result of earth-movements

of post-Carboniferous date. An essential feature of the problem

is the marked and sudden change in the character of the faunas,

in the neighbourhood of the Middle Craven Fault, east of Settle.

The present communication records an attempt to solve the

problem by the method of detailed mapping of definite faunal

horizons.

Two distinct facies can be recognized in the district, which may

be denominated the North Country type and the South Country

type respectively. The standard suecession adopted for the North

Country type is the zonal sequence already established for West-

Geological Society. 247

morland, the South Country type being represented by the

*knoll-reef ’ limestone, Pendleside Series, and Bowland Shales.

The district surveyed includes the area between the Dent Fault

and the valley of the Wharfe, south of a line drawn east and

west through Ribblehead. Starting from this line, the northern

facies has been traced to its southernmost limit, and the exact

position, where the change to the southern facies takes place, has

been ascertained. The results may be summarized as follows :—

(1) The whole of the country north of the North Craven Fault

belongs to the North Country type, and includes the general

succession betwen the Michelinia Zone and the Main or Great

Limestone. The district was submerged considerably later than

the Shap-Ravenstonedale area, the submergence over the greater

part of the district not occurring until the Nematophyllum-minus

sub-zone was being laid down. The beds, as a whole, show a

deeper-water origin than those of corresponding horizons in West-

morland. This is especially noteworthy in the case of the Lower

Dibunophyllum sub-zone. There is no Bryozoa Band, but the

Porcellanous Bed which also occurs at that horizon is taken as the

base of D,. The Main Limestone, too, is much less fossiliferous

than is the case in Wensleydale. Both the Cyrtina-septosa Band

and the Girvanella Nodular Band are well developed, and con-

stitute admirable horizons for mapping. A second Nodular Band

occurs in the Lower Lonsdalia Bed, which has a wide geographical

range; it is due to a special organic structure, and may be cor-

related with the Oxford Limestone of Northumberland. The

horizon of the Hardraw Shale is characterized by Productus

pugilis round Ingleborough and by Posidonomya becheri in

Wensleydale. The specimens of the latter fossil found at Budle in

Northumberland probably occur at this horizon.

(2) The strip of country between the faults belongs also, as a

whole, to the North Country type, and marks the southern margin of

the North-Western Province. The Ortonastvea Band forms an

important horizon here, and represents the summit of the Hardraw-

Sear Limestone round Ingleborough ; below it oecurs a Bryozoa-

Band characterized by <Athyris lamellosa which, near Malham,

contains a special fauna with Codaster, cup-corals and trilobites.

The area is traversed by numerous normal] faults trending usually

north-westwards and south-eastwards; but, near Ingleton, the

beds are repeated on themselves by thrusts. Dolomitization occurs

in connexion with the faulting, and secondary quartz-crystals

have developed in the limestone near planes of movement, and in

association with the unconformity.

(3) At three places, between the faults, patches of rock occur,

belonging to the South Country type. In Meal-Bank Quarry

(Ingleton) a wedge-shaped mass of coal and shale occurs in lime-

stone of D, age, and immediately east of Settle ‘knoll-reef”

limestone with characteristic fossils occupies the southern slopes of

High Hill; while at Bordley occurs an extensive outlier of Bowland

Shale, against which several horizons, belonging to the northern

facies, terminate abruptly with discordant dip and strike.

248 Geological Society.

The change in the faunas is everywhere accompanied by a

lithological change. This change is always abrupt, and usually

takes place along the line of the Middle Craven Fault; but, even

where the southern facies occurs in the strip between the faults,

the change is equally sudden. There is no gradual transition

anywhere between the northern and the southern facies, and there

is no evidence that the change was influenced by faulting during

Lower Carboniferous times.

(4) The ‘knoll-reef’ limestone undoubtedly represents a

special type of deposit, as suggested by Tiddeman ; but quaqua-

versal dips have been developed in beds belonging to different

horizons, and Prof. Marr’s contention is borne out by the occurrence

of * knolls’ in the northern succession in the neighbourhood of the

faults, notably at Greenhow, Coldstones, and Toft Gate, where

the Cyrtina Band, the Lower Lonsdalia Bed, and the Orionastrea

Band have been folded into three separate domes along the

northern margin of the North Craven Fault.

The Authors suggest that the two facies were laid down some

distance apart, that they have been brought together by thrusting,

that the patches of rock belonging to the southern type, which lie

between the faults, are portions of an overthrust mass from the

south which have escaped denudation, and that the Middle Craven

Fault is a normal fault which took place subsequent to the

thrusting.

2. ‘The Miocene of Ceylon. By Edward James Wayland,

Assoe.R.C.S., F.G.S., and Arthur Morley Davies, D.Sc., Assoc.

R.C.S., F.G.S.

Arenaceous and caleareous strata of Miocene age are found (1)

over an extensive area in the north and north-west of Ceylon, from

the Jaffna Peninsula in the extreme north to Puttalam in lat. 8° N.,

and (2) in a small part of the southern coast, at Minihagalkanda,

At the latter place the beds are seen to rest upon Archwan rocks ;

but in the former area the base is not seen, and higher horizons

are represented. The whole series appears to constitute a cycle of

sedimentation, beginning and ending with areno-argillaceous

deposits, and consisting mainly of fossiliferous limestones.

The fossils consist of foraminifera, corals, echinoids, andmolluses.

The last are largely in the form of casts, exact identification of

which is difficult; but they show close relations to the fossils from

Kach and Sind figured by Sowerby, and A. d’ Archiac and Haime,

and also to recent Indo-Pacific forms. The lower horizon of

Minihagalkanda is characterized by Ostrea -virleti Deshayes, and

is dated as Vindobonian (probably Tortonian); while the higher

horizon of the northern area contains Orbiculina malabarica

Carter, and may possibly be Pontian. The transgression of the

sea on the continental area of Southern India and Ceylon is thus

contemporaneous with its recession from the Himalayan geosyn-

cline, in accordance with Haug’s principle.

THE ANNALS

MAGAZINE OF NATURAL UISTORY,

; (NINTH SERLES.]

No. 57. SEPTEMBER 1922.

XXXII.—The Classification of the Fishes of the Family

Cichlide.—II. On African and Syrian Genera not

restricted to the Great Lakes. By C. Tare Reean, M.A.,

F.R.S.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Since my paper on the Tanganyika Cichlide (Ann. & Mag.

Nat. Hist. (9) v. 1920, p. 33), I have published revisions of

those of Lakes Edward and Kivu (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist.

(9) viii. 1921, p. 632), of Nyassa (P. Z. S. 1921, p. 675), of

L. Victoria (P. Z. S. 1922, p. 157), and of Madagascar (Ann.

& Mag. Nat. Hist. (9) v. 1920, p. 422). There remain the

Syrian and African Cichlids outside the Great Lakes, and

it is the object of the present paper to give some account of

_ these.

Synopsis of the Genera.

I. Articular surface for upper pharyngeals formed by parasphenoid, or

parasphenoid and prootics; scales cycloid or feebly denticulate.

A. Pharyngeal apophysis, when distinct, longitudinally compressed,

with transverse articular surface.

1. Teeth usually not conical.

Outer teeth bicuspid, inner tricuspid (some or

all sometimes conical in adults of certain

species); lower pharyngeal subtriangular .. 1. Tilapia.

Teeth setiform, with expanded tips, forming very .

broad bands ; lower pharyngeal spoon-shaped. 2. Chilochromis.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. x. 17

250 Mr. C. T. Regan—Classification of

2. Teeth conical or cuspidate, in 3 to 5 series; frontal region

humped; maxillary exposed ........ 3. Cyphotilapia.

3. Teeth conical.

a. Occipital crest not extending forward to anterior end of

interorbital region.

a. Upper lateral line well separated from dorsal fin.

Fourth vertebra with inferior apophyses; lower

_ Jaw strongly projecting ...........seeeee. 4, Parachromis.

Third vertebra with inferior apophyses; lower

jaw not or scarcely projecting ............ 5. Pelmatochromis.

8. Upper lateral line contiguous to dorsal fin.

6, Nannochromis.

b. Occipital crest extending forward in advance of iuterorbital .

region ; teeth small, forming broad bands.

7. Heterochromis.

5. Pharyngeal apophysis strong, ending in a flat triangular or ovate

articular surface; teeth conical; lower lateral line long.

8. Tylochromis.

If. Articular surface for upper pharyngeals formed by parasphenoid

in the middle and basioccipital at sides.

A. Three anal spines.

1, Teeth conical or compressed, with or without cusps, not

incisor-like.

a. Third vertebra with inferior apophyses.

Teeth conical, mainly uniserial; middle pairs

more or less enlarged; maxillary narrow,

CULVER fivek | ome ae> aches «ene waiters

Teeth in 2 or more series, conical or compressed,

unicuspid, or outer bicuspid and inner tri-

PREDIG on css vet peck eee ence Onc miele ». 10. Haplochromis.

b. Fourth vertebra with inferior apophyses.

Apophyses of fourth vertebra united below;

9. Hemichromis.

pharyngeal teeth stout, blunt ............ ll. Sargochromis.

Apophyses of fourth vertebra small, paired;

pharyngeal teeth slender ................ 12. Serranochromis.

2. Teeth incisor-like, rather broad, entire or slightly notched.

13. Steatocranus.

B. Four or more anal spines; strong anterior canines.

14. Lamprologus.

1. Trrarra, A. Smith, 1840.

Regan, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (9) v. 1920, p. 37.

This genus includes about 50 species from Africa and

Syria; it corresponds to Boulenger’s section I. (scales

cycloid or feebly denticulate), with the following excep-

tions :—

1. T. auromarginata (Otopharynz).

2. T. ovalis (= Haplochromis moffati).

the Family Cichlide. 251

3. 7. steindachneri (= Sargochromis mellandi + Haplo-

chromis acuticeps).

4. T. woosnami (= Haplochromis smithii).

5. T. jalle.

6. T. humilis.

I have not seen examples of the last two species, but

probably they should be placed in Haplochromas.

Since the publication of Boulenger’s Catalogue a number

of species lave been described from South Africa by

Gilchrist and Thompson (Ann. 8S. Afric. Mus, xi.).

Of these 7. swierstre, mackeani, sykesii, druryi, and

kirkhami appear to be nearly related to each other and to

T. melanopleura; T. intermedia and T’. sheshekensis may be

synonyms of 17’, andersonii, and 7’, arnoldi may be asynonym

of T. natalensis. T. adolfi, Steind. (Denkschr. Akad. Wien,

exil. 1916, p. 82, pl. v.), from E. Africa, does not seem to be

distinct from 7’. nilotica.

2. CuiLtocuromis, Bouleng., 1902

(type C. dupont, Bouleng.).

Differs from Tilapia in the dentition, in the pharyngeals,

which are formed as in Cyathopharynz, and in the pharyngeal

apophysis, which appears to have the same structure as in

Olopharynz.

A single species from Portuguese Congo.

3. CypnoriLapia, Regan, 1920

(type Paratilapia frontosa, Bouleng.).

Regan, Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hist. (9) v. p. 43.

Two species: one from Tanganyika, the other from the

Upper Congo.

4. ParscHROMIS, gen. nov.

(type Hemichromis sacer, Giinth.).

Articular surface for upper pharyngeals formed by para-

sphenoid only. Vertebrie 29; fourth with a pair of apophyses

which unite below. Mouth terminal; lower jaw strongly

projecting ; teeth in jaws conical, in 2 to 4 series, outer

largest; pharyngeal teeth conical, the middle ones rather

strong and blunt. Scales cycloid (30-32). Dorsal XLV

10-11. Anal III 8-9.

A single species from the Lake of Galilee. :

17%

252 Mr. C. T. Regan—Classijication of

5. PetmMatocnuromis, Steind., 1894

(type P. buettikoferi, Steind.).

Articular surface for upper pharyngeals formed by para-

sphenoid only. Vertebre 25 to 27; third with apophyses

which unite below. Mouth terminal; lower jaw not or but

little projecting ; teeth conical, in 2 or more series. Scales

eycloid. Dorsal XITI-XVIII 7-12. Anal III 6-9.

Congo and West Africa.

In addition to species 4 to 21 of Boulenger’s Catalogue, -

this genus includes :—

Paratilapia cerasogaster, Bouleng.

Wy dorsalis, Pellegr.

* corbalt, Bouleng.

és thomasi, Bouleng.

2 longipinnis, Nichols & Griscom (?= P. nigro-

jasciatus).

? Hemichromis schwebischi, Sauv.

I suspect that the last may be a Pelmatochromis related to

P. guentheri.

6. Nannocuromis, Pellegr., 1904.

Searcely distinct from Pelmatochromis.

Three species from the Congo.

7. HereRocuRoMIs, gen. noy.

(type Paratilapia multidens, Pellegr.).

Pharyngeal apophysis formed by parasphenoid. Occipital

crest very strong, extending forward in advance of inter-

orbital region. Jaws with broad bands of small conical

teeth. Pharyngeal teeth conical, those in the middle strong

and blunt. Scales more or less distinctly denticulate, large

(29-30). Dorsal XIV 14-15. Anal III 8-9.

A single species from the Congo, which is well dis-

tinguished from all other African Cichlide by the dentition,

the shape of the head, the scaly soft dorsal and anal fins,

and the separation of the lateral lines by three rows of

scales. Paratilapia xenodon, Nichols & Griscom, is a

synonym.

the Family Cichilide. 253

8. ‘T'yrocnromis, Regan, 1920

(type Pelmatochromis jentinki, Steind.).

One species from Tanganyika and seven from the Congo

and West Africa (ef. Regan, Ann. & Mag. N.H. (9) v.

1920, p. 163).

9. Hemicuromis, Peters, 1857

(type H. fasciatus, Peters).

This genus, with 2 species from Africa, differs slightly

from Haplochromis in the dentition and in the structure of

the maxillary.

10. Harrocuromis, Hilgend., 1888

(type H. obliquidens, Hilgend.).

Regan, P. Z.S. 1922, p. 160.

Numerous species in Victoria and Nyassa; the species

not peculiar to the Great Lakes all belong to the subgenus

Ctenochromis, Pfeffer, with an outer series of bicuspid

or conical teeth and one or more inner series of tricuspid or

conical teeth. They may be arranged as follows :—

I. S. Africa (Zambesi and southwards).

A. Soft dorsal with 12-15 rays; pharyngeal teeth obtusely conical.

1. Depth of preorbital not greater than diameter of eye.

Scales on chest rather small; 6 scales between

pectoral and pelvic firs 1.55... eee ca sere 1. grardi.

Scales on chest larger; 3 or 4 between pectoral and

OPW TOM. ois eve nlax urns sees succes spctns 2. gibbiceps.

2. Depth of preorbital a little greater than diameter of eye.

3. smithii.

3. Depth of preorbital much greater than diameter of eye.

4. frederici.

B. Soft dorsal with 8 to 12 rays.

1. 6 or 7 series of scales on cheek.

NOE, UU ven Wa pa'gin uy nated i eave's okra 5. jalle.

SGRIUEG. |. fvrdiorh d-sdivfus & indo atkins > a0: hh 6. humilis.

2. 3 to 5 series of scales on cheek.

a. Maxillary extending to between nostril and eye; caudal

peduncle longer than deep.......... 7. acuticeps.

b, Maxillary about reaching vertical from anterior edge of eye.

a, 32 scales in a longitudinal series; caudal peduncle longer

than deep.

Pharyngeal teeth of 2 median series strong, sub-

conical ; rest small, compressed, hooked ...... 8. multiocellatus.

Lower rvogce! with a group of stout, blunt

WOOe aes ak Vere sconNawecdrsoeerecveseses 9. darlingi.

254 Mr. C. T. Regan— Classification of

8. 26 to 30 scales in a longitudinal series; caudal peduncle

not longer than deep.

Scales on chest rather small; 5 or 6 scales between

pectoral and pelvic Gita... . aces 50s shee 10. swynnertont.

Seales on chest larger; 3 or 4 (rarely 5) scales be-

tween pectoral and pelvic fins ..........4... 11. moffatt.

Il. Congo.

A. 4 or 5 scales from origin of dorsal to lateral line.

10-13 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch.

D. XTV-XVI 10-11. A; TTI 6-7 ©... ........ 12. fasciatus.

7 or 8 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch.

Di AV E810, | REE. .pakegis. i oe 13. stigmatogenys.

gill-rakers on lower part of anteriorarch. D, XII 9.

As MiLB ds cance s He SP re 14. oligacanthus.

B. 6 or 7 scales from origin of dorsal to lateral line; 10-12

gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch. D, XV-XVII

8-10, A. III 7-8. Cheek covered with scales.

a 15. moeruensis.

C. 8 or 9 scales from origin of dorsal to lateral line; 10 gill-

rakers on lower part of anterior arch. D. (XVI) XVI[-XIX

8-9. A. IIL 7-8. Lower part of cheek naked.

16. polyacanthus,

III. North and East Africa; Syria.

A. Caudal peduncle much longer than deep .. 17. fuellebornt.

B. Caudal peduncle about as long as deep.

1. Lower part of cheek naked ............ 18. pectoralis.

2. Cheek covered with scales.

a. 8 or 4 scales between pectoral and pelvic fins; teeth in

3 or 4 series.

30 scales in a longitudinal series .......... ee 19. gigliolit.

25 to 28 scales in a longitudinal series............ 20, multicolor.

b. 5 to 9 scales between pectoral and pelvic fins.

a. Pharyngeal teeth small and compressed, the middle ones

sometimes larger and subconical.

Teeth in 2 series. D. XIII-XV 9-10. A. III

8-9. 29 or 30 scales in a longitudinal series. . 21. bloyetz.

Teeth in 3 or 4 series. D. XIV-XV 10. A. III

8-10. 30 scales in a longitudinal series ...... 22, wingatit.

Teeth in 3 or 4 series. D. XIV-XVI 10-11. A.

III 9-11. 31 to 34 scales in a longitudinal

BOEIOR ; WO pio wonderin, tie erent Sod eta, 23. desfontainesit.

B. Middle pharyngeal teeth stout and blunt.

Teeth in 2 or 3 series. D. XIV9. A.TIL8. 28

scales in a longitudinal series ............., 24. flavii-~josephi.

1. Haplochromis giardi, Pellegr., 1904.

Tilapia giardi, Bouleng. Cat. Afr. Fish. iii. p. 221, fig. 144.

Paratilapia carlotte, Bouleng. t.c. p. 358, tig. 239.

Total length 255 mm.; three specimens examined,

Zambesi.

the Family Cichlide. 255

2. Haplochromis gibbiceps, Bouleng., 1911.

Paratilapia gibliceps, Bouleng. Cat. Afr. Fish. iii. p. 354, fig. 240.

Total length 200 mm.; types examined.

L. Ngami Basin.

3. Haplochromis smithii, Casteln., 1861.

Tilapia woosnami, Bouleng. Cat. Afr. Fish. iii. p. 212, fig. 137,

Paratilapia smithii, Bouleng. t. c. p. 357, fig, 242. °

Pelmatochromis robustus, Gilchr. & Thomp. Ann. S, Afric. Mus, xi.

1918, p. 538, fig. 154.

Total length 277 mm.; four specimens, including the type

of T. woosnami.

L. Ngami Basin and Southern Rhodesia.

4. Haplochromis frederici, Casteln., 1861.

Paratilapia frederict, Bouleng. Cat. Afr. Fish, iii. p. 355, fig. 24).

Total length 210 mm.; two specimens examined.

L. Ngami Basin.

5. Haplochromis jalle, Bouleng., 1896.

Tilapia jalle, Bouleng. Cat. Afr. Fish. iii. p. 213.

Total length 75 mm.

Upper Zambesi.

6. Haplochromis humilis, Steind., 1866.

Tilapia humilis, Bouleng. Cat. Afr. Fish. iii. p. 213.

Total length 115 mm.

Angola.

7. Haplochromis acuticeps, Steind., 1866.

Tilapia steindachneri (part.), Bouleng. Cat. Afr. Fish. iii, p. 209,

Tilapia acuticeps (part.), Bouleng, ¢. c. p. 218, fig. 141.

Tilapia luculle, Bouleng. t.c, p. 224, fig. 146.

? Tilapia ramsayi, Gilehr. & Thomps. Ann. 8. Afric. Mus, xi. 1918,

p- 501, fig. 129.

Depth of body 3 to 34 in the length, length of head

about 3. Snout with straight or slightly convex profile,

once to 14 diameter of eye, which is 34 to 44 in length of

head, equal to or greater than depth of preorbital or cheek;

interorbital with 44 to 5 in length of head. Jaws equal

256 Mr. C. T. Regan— Classification of

anteriorly ; maxillary extending to between nostril and eye;

an outer series of bicuspid teeth, followed by 1 or 2 series

of smaller tricuspid teeth ; 30 to 50 teeth in outer series of

upper jaw. 8 to 5 series of scales on cheek. 8 to 10 gill-

rakers on lower part of anterior arch. Pharyngeal teeth

small, compressed, hooked. Scales cycloid or finely den-

ticulate, 30 to 33 in a longitudinal series, 4 or 5 from origin

of dorsal to lateral line, 6 to 8 between pectoral and pelvic

fins. Dorsal XIV-XVI 9-12; last spine } to ? length of

head. Anal III 7-9; third spine stronger than and as long

as last dorsal. Pectoral 3 to ? head, not reaching anal.

Caudal rounded. Caudal peduncle 1} to 14 as long as deep.

Greyish; an opercular spot ; soft dorsal and caudal with

series of small spots.

Angola. Zambesi?

Seven specimens, 70 to 125 mm. in total length, from the

Luculla and Que Rivers.

8. Haplochromis multiocellatus, Bouleng.

Pelmatochromis multiocellatus, Bouleng. Cat. Afr. Fish. iii. p. 409,

fig. 279.

Very near H. darlingi, differing as follows :—Pharyngeal

teeth small, compressed, hooked, only those of the 2 median

series enlarged, stout, subconical. Pectoral 3 length of

head. Caudal peduncle only slightly longer than deep.

Luculla River, Angola.

The type measures 120 mm. in total length.

9. Haplochromis darlingi, Bouleng.

Pelmatochromis darlingi, Bouleng. Cat. Afr. Fish. iii. p. 410, fig. 280.

ee arnoldi, Gilchr. & Thomps. Ann. 8. Afric. Mus. xi. 1918,

p. 521.

Depth of body 23 to 3 in length, length of head about 3.

Snout a little longer than diameter of eye, which is 33 in

length of head, greater than przorbital depth, about equal

to depth of cheek ; interorbital width 43 to 5 in length of

head. Jaws equal anteriorly; maxillary extending to ver-

tical from anterior edge of eye ; teeth conical, triserial, 50 to

60 in outer series of upper jaw. 4 series of scales on cheek.

7 to 10 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch. Middle

pharyngeal teeth stout and obtuse. Scales cycloid or feebly

denticulate, 32 in a longitudinal series, 4 from origin of

dorsal to lateral line, 6 between pectoral and pelvic fins.

the Family Cichlid. 257

Dorsal XIV-XVI 11-12; last spine from less than % to

nearly 4 length of head. Anal III 7-8; third spine

stronger and as long as or a little shorter than last dorsal.

Pectoral ? to + head, reaching vent or origin of anal.

Caudal subtruncate, Caudal peduncle 1} to 14 as long as

deep. Dark cross-bars on body ; vertical fins spotted.

N.E. Rhodesia.

The type and four specimens of 110 to 125 mm, received

as P. arnoldi.

10. Haplochromis swynnertoni, Bouleng., 1907.

Tilapia swynnertoni, Bouleng. Cat. Afr. Fish. iii. p. 219, fig. 142.

Very near H. moffati, differing as follows :—Scales on

chest smaller, 5 or 6 between pectoral and pelvic fins ;

15 dorsal spines ; pectoral # length of head; caudal sub-

truncate instead of fully rounded ; males with 2 to 4 ocelli

on anal fin. This species is still closer to H. callipterus,

Giinth., of L. Nyassa and to H. burtoni, Giinth., of Tangan-

yika. It differs from H. Sloyeti, Sauv., of Tanganyika

Territory, principally in having 4 series of teeth.

Buzi R., Portuguese E. Africa,

The types measure 85 to 95 mm. in length.

11. Haplochromis moffati, Casteln., 1861.

Tilapia ovalis (Steind., 1866), Bouleng. Cat. Afr. Fish, iii, p. 208,

fig. 133.

Haplochromis moffati, Bouleng. t. c.

Paratilapia luebberti (Hlilgend., 1969), Bow Bowiant Py C . P. 350,

Depth of body 2} to 3 in length, length of head 2% to

nearly 3. Snout as long as or longer than diameter of eye,

which is 34 to 5 in length of head, equal to or greater than

preorbital depth, in adult less than depth of cheek ; inter-

orbital width 4 to 5 in length of head. Jaws equal or lower

projecting ; maxillary about reaching vertical from anterior

edge of eye; teeth conical or cuspidate, in 3 to 5 series,

36 to 60 in outer series of upper jaw. 3 to 5 series of

scales on cheek. 7 to 10 gill-rakers on lower part of

anterior arch. Pharyngeal teeth small. Scales cycloid

or denticulate, 26 to 30 in a longitudinal series, 3 to 5 from

origin of dorsal to lateral line, 3 or 4 (rarely 5) between

pectoral and pelvic fins. Dorsal XIII-XV 9-11; last spine

} to 4 length of head. Anal III 8-10. Pectoral shorter

258 Mr. C. T. Regan— Classification of

than head, not reaching anal. Caudal rounded. Caudal

peduncle as long as deep. Body with or without dark cross-

bars ; sometimes a lateral band ; an opercular spot; abar across

preorbital; vertical fins usually spotted ; dorsal dark-edged.

South Africa to Katanga and Rhodesia.

Numerous examples up to 120 mm. in total length.

12. Haplochromis fasciatus, Perugia, 1902.

Tilapia fasciata, Bouleng. Cat, Afr. Fish, iii. p. 215, fig. 139.

? Paratilapia toddi, Bouleng. t. c. p. 327.

Total length 105 mm. The type of P. toddi measures

150 mm.

Lower Congo: Kasai R.?

13. Haplochromis stigmatogenys, Bouleng., 1913.

Tilapia stigmatogenys, Bouleng. Cat. Afr. Fish. iii. p. 226, fig. 148.

Total length 105 mm.

Upper Congo.

14. Haplochromis oligacanthus, sp. v.

Depth of body 3 in length, length of head 22. Snout

shorter than diameter of eye, which is 3 in length of head,

twice preorbital depth, and 14 interorbital width. Jaws

equal anteriorly ; maxillary extending to below anterior

edge of eye; teeth cuspidate, in 3 or 4 series ; 46 in outer

series of upper jaw. 5 series of scales on cheek. 7 gill-

rakers on lower part of anterior arch. 28 scales in a longi-

tudinal series, 4 from origin of dorsal to lateral line, 8 between

pectoral and pelvic fins. Dorsal XII 9; last spine 3 length

of head. Anal III 6. Pectoral 2 head. Caudal rounded,

subtruncate. Caudal peduncle deeper than long. Dark

cross-bars and an interrupted lateral band; an opercular

spot; a blackish vertical bar below anterior part of eye,

broadening on lower jaw; series of small spots on soft

dorsal.

Banghi, Ubanghi R.

A single specimen, 47 mm. long, presented by Mons, A.

Baudon ; it differs from young H. stigmatogenys in the

larger eye and fewer dorsal spines.

15. Haplochromis moeruensis, Bouleng., 1899.

Haplochromis moeruensis, Bouleng. Cat. Afr. Fish. iii. p. 307, fig. 207.

Total length 95 mm.

the Family Cichlide. 259

L. Mweru.

In the eight examples in the British Museum (Natural

History), including the figured type, I count 10 to 12 gill-

rakers on the lower part of the anterior arch. Boulenger

gives the number as 7 to 10, and it seems probable that his

original material included examples of H. stigmatogenys.

16. Haplochromis polyacanthus, Bouleng., 1899.

Tilapia stormsii, Bouleng. Cat. Afr. Fish. iii. p. 227, fig. 149.

Tilapia polyacanthus, Bouleng. t. c. p. 247, fig. 165,

Total length 115 mm.

Upper Congo and L. Mweru.

In this well-marked species the nuchal and pectoral scales

are very small, the lower part of the cheek is naked, and the

teeth are in several series. Of the six examples I have

examined three have 17 dorsal spines, two 18, and one 19.

17. Haplochromis fuellebornii, Hilgend. & Pappenh., 1903.

Tilapia fuellebornt, Bouleng. Cat. Afr. Fish. iii. p. 222.

Apparently distinguished from other East African species

by having the caudal peduncle much longer than deep.

Total length 43 mm.

Lake Rukwa.

18. Haplochromis pectoralis, Pfeff., 1893.

Tilapia pectoralis, Bouleng. Cat. Afr, Fish. iii. p. 237, fig. 156.

Depth of body nearly 3 in length, length of head 22.

Snout as long as diameter of eye, which is 3 in length of

head, twice depth of preorbital, greater than depth of cheek ;

interorbital width 45 in heal. Jaws equal anteriorly ;

maxillary extending to vertical from anterior edge of eye;

teeth cuspidate, in 4 series in upper jaw, 3 in lower, 40 in

outer series of upper jaw. 3 series of scales on upper part -

of cheek, which is naked below. 8 or 9 gill-rakers on lower

part of anterior arch. Pharyngeal teeth small. 30 scales

in a longitudinal series, 6 from origin of dorsal to lateral

line, 6 between pectoral and pelvic fins. Dorsal (XV) XVI

8 (9); last spime nearly ? length of head. Anal III 8.

Pectoral 2 length of head, reaching vent. Caudal subtrun-

cate. Caudal peduncle as long as deep. About ten wavy

dark cross-bars.

Tanganyika Territory.

One of the types, 63 mm, long.

260 Mr. U. T. Regan— Classification of

19. Haplochromis gigliolii, Pfeff., 1896.

Hemichromis gigliolii, Pfeffer, Thierw. O.-Afr. Fische, p. 24.

Paratilapia volmeringei, Steind. Denksch. Akad. Wien, xcii. 1916,

p. 80, pl. ii. fig. 3.

Depth of body 3 in length, length of head 3. Snout a

little longer than diameter of eye, which is 44 in length of

head, equal to depth of cheek, a little less than interorbital

width. Jaws equal ; maxillary extending to below anterior

edge of eye ; teeth conical or cuspidate, in 3 (or 4) series,

40 (to 54) in outer series of upper jaw. 4 series of scales

on cheek. 10 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch.

Pharyngeal teeth small. 30 scales in a longitudinal series,

4. from origin of dorsal to lateral line, 3 between pectoral

and pelvic fins. Dorsal XV (XVI 9) 10; last spine 2 head.

Anal III (8) 9. Pectoral ? head, not reaching anal. Caudal

rounded. Caudal peduncle as long as deep. A dark lateral

band on posterior part of body.

Tanganyika Territory.

A specimen of 73 mm. from Dar-es-Salaam. The type

measures 84 mm., and that of P. volmeringet 103 mm.

Perhaps not distinct from H. moffati, but as this E. African

form appears to have received two names it is maintained

until further material is available for comparison.

20. Haplochromis multicolor, Hilgeud., 1903.

Paratilapia multicolor, Hilgend. Sitzungsb. Ges. naturf. Fr. Berlin,

1908, p. 429.

ate strigigena (part.), Bouleng. Cat. Afr. Fish. iii. p. 299,

Distinguished from H. moffati by the broader interorbital

region, 34 in length of head, and from H. wingatii by the

larger scales, 25 to 28 in a longitudinal series, 3 or 4 from

origin of dorsal to lateral line, and the same number between

pectoral and pelvic fins. Dorsal XIIJ-XV 8-10. Anal III

6-8. A continuous or interrupted lateral band.

Nile.

Numerous examples up to 70 mm. in total length, from

Alexandria to Uganda.

21. Haplochromis bloyeti, Sauvage, 1883.

Hemichromis bloyeti, Sauy. Bull. Soc. Philom. (7) vii. p. 159.

Ctenochromis strigigena, Pfeft. Jahrb. Hamb. Wiss. Anst. x. 1893,

p- 155, pl. ii. figs. 5-8.

Tilapia sparsidens, Hilgend. Zool. Jahrb, Syst. xxii. 1903, p. 408.

Paratilapia kilossana, Steind. Denkschr. Akad, Wien, xcii. 1916,

p- 78, pl. ii, fig. 2.

er ee

the Family Cichilide. 261

Depth of body 22 to 3 in the length, length of head 23 to

23. Snout as long as or a little longer than diameter of

eye, which is 34 to 4 in length of head, 14 preorbital depth,

from a little less to a little greater than depth of cheek ;

interorbital width 3? to 4 in length of head. Jaws equal

anteriorly ; maxillary extending to below anterior edge of

eye ; teeth cuspidate or conical, in 2 series, 26 to 44 in outer

series of upper jaw. 3 to 5 series of scales on cheek. 7 to

9 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch. Pharyngeal

teeth small, the 2 middle series somewhat larger, subconical

in adult. 29 or 30 scales in a longitudinal series, 4 to 6

from origin of dorsal to lateral line, 5 or 6 between pectoral

and pelvic fins. Dorsal XIJI-XV 9-10; last spine 4 to

more than ? length of head. Anal III 8-9; third spine }

to 2? head. Pectoral shorter than head, not reaching anal.

Caudal rounded or subtruncate. Caudal peduncle as long

as deep. A dark bar below eye, more distinct in males ; an

opercular spot ; series of spots on dorsal and caudal ; males

with ocelli on anal.

East Africa (Tanganyika Territory).

Nine specimens, 55 to 95 mm. long, including co-types of

the species, of C. strigigena and of P. sparsidens.

22. Haplochromis wingatii, Bouleng., 1902.

Paratilapia wingatui, Bouleng. Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) x. p. 264.

Depth of body 23 to 3 in the length, length of head 23 to 8.

Snout as long as or a little longer than diameter of eye,

which is 34 to 4 in length of head, 14 preorbital depth,

equal to or a little greater than depth of cheek : interorbital

width 4 in length of head. Jaws equal anteriorly; maxillary

extending to vertical from anterior edge of eye; teeth in

4 series in upper jaw, 3 in lower, outer conical or bicuspid,

32 to 46 in outer series of upper jaw. 3 or 4 series of scales

on cheek. 8 or 9 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch.

Pharyngeal teeth small. 30 scales in a longitudinal series,

4. to 6 from origin of dorsal to lateral line, 6 or 7 between

pectoral and pelvie fins. Dorsal XIV-XV 10; last spine

about 2 length of head. Anal III 8-10; third spine as long

as last dorsal. Pectoral % to # head, not reaching anal.

Caudal rounded. Caudal peduncle as long as deep. Greyish

or brownish, with or without dark cross-bars and an inter-

rupted lateral band ; an opercular spot ; 2 bars across snout

and one below eye; pelvies blackish ; one to three ocelli on

anal fin.

Bahr-el-Gebel to Lake Edward,

262 Mr. C. T. Regan— Classification of

The type, 70 mm. long, two specimens of 55 and 60 mm.

from L. Albert, and one of 90 mm. from the Hima R.,

Mt. Ruwenzori.

23. Haplochromis desfontainesii, Lacep., 1802.

Haplochromis desfontainesti (part.), Bouleng. Cat. Afr. Fish. iii. p. 303,

fig. 205.

Depth of body 24 to nearly 3 in length, length of head 22

to 3. Snout as long as or longer than diameter of eye,

which is 4 to 5 in length of head, equal to or a little greater

than preorbital depth, less than depth of cheek ; interorbital

width 34 to 4 in head. Jaws equal anteriorly ; maxillary

extending to below anterior edge of eye; teeth in 2 to 4

series, cuspidate or conical, 36 to 60 in outer series of upper

jaw. 8 to 5 series of scales on cheek. 8 to 10 gill-rakers

on lower part of anterior arch. Middle pharyngeal teeth

slightly enlarged, conical in adult. 31 to 34 scales in a

longitudinal series, 6 from origin of dorsal to lateral line.

Pectoral scales very small; about 8 scales between pectoral

and pelvic fins. Dorsal XIV-XVI 10-11; last spine 4 to

more than 2 length of head. Anal III 9-11 ; third spine

2 tol head. Pectoral 2 to ? length of head, not reaching anal.

Caudal rounded. Caudal peduncle as long as deep or a little

deeper than long. An opercular spot ; a bar below eye;

soft dorsal and caudal spotted.

Algeria and Tunis.

Seven examples from Tunis and Biskra, 60 to 140 mm.

long.

24. Haplochromis flavii-josephi, Lortet, 1883.

Chromis flavii-josephi, Lortet, Arch. Mus. Lyon, iii. p. 14], pl. viii,

fig. 2.

Depth of body 2? to 3 in the length, length of head 23.

Snout a little longer than diameter of eye, which is 4 to 44

in length of head, 14 to 14 prxorbital depth, equal to or a

little less than depth of cheek; interorbital width 45 in

length of head. Jaws equal anteriorly ; maxillary extend-

ing to below anterior edge or anterior } of eye; teeth in 2

or 8 series, cuspidate or conical, 34 to 46 in outer series of

upper jaw. 4 series of scales on cheek. 7 or 8 gill-rakers

on lower part of anterior arch. Lower pharyngeals strong,

united by interlocking suture ; middle teeth large and blunt.

28 scales in a longitudinal series, 6 from origin of dorsal to

lateral line. Scales on chest small; 5 scales between pec-

toral and pelvic fins. Dorsal XIV 9; last spine ? length of

head. Anal III 8; third spine 4 head. Pectoral 3 to 2:

the Family Cichlide. 263

length of head, reaching vent or origin of anal. Caudal

rounded. Caudal peduncle as long as deep. Two bars

across snout and one below eye; an opercular spot; traces

of dark cross-bars on body ; an interrupted lateral band ;

2 or 3 ocelli on anal fin.

Syria.

T'wo specimens (ds), types of the species, 60 and 85 mm.

long.

Well distinguished from the preceding by the fewer scales

and by the pharyngeal dentition.

11. Sarcocnromis, Regan, 1920

(type Paratilapia codringtoni, Bouleng.).

Fourth vertebra with a pair of apophyses that unite below.

Teeth in jaws conical in the adult, sometimes cuspidate in

the young. Pharyngeals massive, with stout, rounded teeth.

Articular surface for upper pharyngeals broad, formed by

prootics, parasphenoid, and basioccipital, its basioccipital

portions nearly meeting behind parasphenoid. Scales cy-

cloid. Dorsal XIV-XV 12-15. Anal III 8-10.

Synopsis of the Species.

I. 4 or 5 series of scales on cheek.

Depth of body 2 in length of fish ................ 1. codringtoni.

Depth of body 2} to 23 in length ........, ie ee 2. mellandi,

II. 6 or 7 series of scales on cheek...... ....... 3. angolensis.

1. Sargochromis codringtoni, Bouleng., 1908.

Paratilapia codringtoni, Bouleng. Cat. Afr. Fish. iil. p. 352, fig. 238,

? Paratilapia marginata, Gilchr. & Thomps, Ann. 8, Afr, Mus. xi.

1918, p. 531,

Zam besi.

2. Sargochromis mellandi, Bouleng., 1915.

Tilapia steindachnert (part.), Bouleug. ¢. ¢. p. 209, fig. 134.

Paratilapia mellandi, Bouleng. t, ¢. p. 358, tig. 248.

L. Bangwelu ; Angola.

3. Sargochromis angolensis, Steind., 1865.

Pelmatochromis angolensis, Bouleng. t. ¢. p. 408, fig. 278.

Angola,

12. Serranocuromis, Regan, 1920

(type Chromys thumbergi, Casteln.),

Fourth vertebra with a pair of small apophyses, Teeth

264 Classijication of the Family Cichlide.

conical. Pharyngeal apophysis formed by parasphenoid in

middle and basioccipital at sides. Scales cycloid or feebly

denticulate. Dorsal XIV-X VIII 13-16. Anal III 8-12.

Synopsis of the Species.

I. 5 or 6 series of scales on cheek; praemaxillary pedicels extending

te between orbits 135s. cee eke ek teens 1. macrocephalus,

Il. 7 to 10 series of scales on cheek.

Preemaxillary pedicels not reaching beyond anterior

edge of orbits; head 2 to 2} as long as broad .. 2. thumbergit.

Premaxillary pedicels extending to between orbits ;

head 23 to 3 as long as broad........++...00 3. angusticeps,

1. Serranochromis macrocephalus, Bouleng., 1899.

Paratilapia macrocephala, Bouleng. Cat. Afr. Fish. iii. p. 817, fig. 210.

Paratilapia longimanus, Bouleng. ¢. c. p. 319, fig. 212.

L. Mweru and R. Luapula; L. Ngami.

2. Serranochromis thumbergii, Casteln., 1861.

Paratilapia thumbergit, Bouleng. t. c. p. 328, fig. 220.

Paratilapia ellenbergeri, Gilchr. & Thomps. Ann. 8. Afric. Mus. xi.

1918, p. 621, fig. 141.

Paratilapia zambesensis, Gilchr. & Thomps. ¢. ¢. p. 522, fig. 142.

Pelmatochromis ngamensis, Gilchr. & Thomps. ¢. ¢. p.

Katanga and Angola to L. Nyassa.

3. Serranochromis angusticeps, Bouleng., 1907.

Paratilapia angusticeps, Bouleng. t. c. p. 321, figs, 218, 214.

L. Bangwelu; Angola; L. Ngami; Zambesi.

18. Srearocranus, Bouleng., 1899

(type Steatocranus gibbiceps, Bouleng.).

A single species from the Congo, apparently related to

Haplochromis polyacanthus, but distinguished by the incisor-

like teeth.

14. Lamproxocus, Schilthuis, 1891

(type Lamprologus congolensis, Schilth.).

This genus probably originated in Tanganyika, where the

species are numerous and diversified. The three Congo species

form a natural group with 5 to 7 anal spines, subacuminate

caudal, second pelvic ray longest, etc. L. obliquus, Nichols

& Griscom, 1917, is doubtfully distinct from L, mocquardii.

Descriptions and Records of Bees. 265

XXXIIL.— Descriptions and Records of Bees.—XCV.

By 'T. D. A. CocKERELL, University of Colorado.

Exomalopsis birkmanni, sp. n.

? .—-Length about 9 mm,

Similar in nearly all respects to ZH. solani, Ckil., but larger

and more robust; scopa of hind legs pale rufo-fulvous,

deepening in colour on the tarsi, and becoming very biight

ferruginous on inner side of basitarsi. Wings dilute fuligi-

nous. Middle tibiz on outer side covered with dark fuscous

hair. There is a patch of very dense creamy-white tomen-

tum on each side of face; eyes pale reddish; flagellum very

obscurely reddish beneath ; hair of thorax tinged with fulvous,

somewhat redder beneath and on bases of legs; tegule and

stigma black ; mesothorax highly polished, punctured ante-

riorly ; abdomen smooth and shining, white hair-bands on

margins of second to fourth segments and patches at sides of

first, but no oblique hair-bands on second; hair at apex

of abdomen light greyish brown.

Fedor, Texas, Nov. 1919, at flowers of Antigonon leptopus.

Taken by the Rev. G. Birkmann, who states that in

twenty-five years of industrious colleeting in the locality he

has never seen another specimen. I am glad to name it alter

the collector, who has made many additions to our knowledge

of ‘l'exas bees, but is now regretfully obliged to abandon the

study, owing to advancing age and poor eyesight.

Andrena microchlora, sp. u.

3 (type).—Length nearly 6 mm.

Dark green, clypeus pale yellow, with two black dots ;

head and thorax with very long white hair ; antenne black,

third joint about as long as 4+5, but fifth conspicuously

longer than fourth ; flagellum thick ; process of labrum

emarginate; front and vertex dull, the front minutely

striate ; mesothorax dullish, slightly glistening, microscopi-

cally tessellate, with very minute scattered punctures ; area

of metathorax granular, hardly detined, blue-black, con-

trasting with the olive-green scutellum and postscutellum ;

tegule piceous. Wings faintly dusky; stigma large, dull

ferruginous, nervures fuscous ; second s.m, broad, receiving

first r.n. a little beyond middle. Legs entirely dark, with

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. x. 18

266 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Descriptions and

white hair. Abdomen shining, the hind margins of segments

subpiceous ; no distinct hair-bands.

2 .—Length the same, but more robust.

Clypeus black, dull, and hairy ; facial foveze white-haired,

rather narrow ; abdomen with conspicuous white hair-bands

at sides of segments 2 to 4; hair at apex tinged with greyish

brown.

Mouth of Gregory Canyon, Boulder, Colorado, end of

April and beginning of May, at flowers of Salix, taken by

Mr. Albeit Holzman and Miss Elsie M. Foster.

M. microchlora is a member of the subgenus Opandrena,

closely related to A. zizie, Robertson, from which it is easily

separated in both sexes by the dark autenne and tegule.

Osmia dutti, sp. n.

3g .—Length 6°5 mm.

Olive-green, the head and thorax with long hair, nowhere

hiding the sculpture, dorsally and on face pale fulvous, ven-

trally white; eyes green; antennz simple, not unusually

long, the last eight joints red or reddish beneath ; mandibles

black, sharply bidentate ; face and front extremely densely

rugoso-punctate, the front dull, but the vertex shining

between the punctures, with a small smooth area laterad of

each lateral ocellus; mesothorax and scutellum shining,

strongly and very densely punctured, a little smooth space

in middle of scutellum; metathorax blue-green, the basal

area granular, not polished; tegule black. Wings pale

brown, stigma reddish, nervures dark fuscous. Legs mainly

green, the tarsi black, variably reddened apically ; hind legs

simple ; spurs black. Abdomen shining yellowish green, the

segments beyond the second with thin inconspicuous hair-

bands; sixth segment with the margin projecting, quite

entire ; seventh bidentate.

3 8, Murree Hiils, Punjab, 7500 ft., May 1920 (Duté).

Fletcher, nos. 64, 65, 66.

In the Indian fauna nearest to O. kashmirensis, Nurse, but

separated by the brown wings. It belongs to the subgenus

Chalcosmia, and superficially is exactly like O. gallarum,

Spinola, from which it is readily separated by the structure

of the apex of the abdomen. The seventh abdominal segment

is more like that of the American U. atriventris, Cresson.

The insect is, in fact, quite of au American type.

Records of Bees. 267

Meyachile rhodogastra (Cockerell).

Both sexes, with the nest, were collected at Townsville,

Queensland (G. F. Hill), and sent to U.S. National Museum.

The female, not previously described, has the following

characters :—

Length about 11°5 mm., of the broad and short type.

Black, including mandibles, antenne, tegule, and legs, but

abdomen above strongly metallic, with steel-blue, greenish,

and lilac tints; hair ot face and front pale ochreous, of cheeks

white, of vertex largely black; hair of thorax mainly white,

faintly yellowish dorsally and on tubercles, but scutellum and

disc of mesothorax with thin black hair, the mesothorax pale-

haired anteriorly and conspicuously in scutello-mesothoracic

suture, but without spots; upper part of mesopleura with

black hair. Legs with pale hair, terruginous on inner side

of the broad hind basitarsi. Abdomen with five narrow but

conspicuous white hair-bands; ventral scopa white on first

segment, otherwise bright ferruginous, black only at extreme

tip ; mandibles broad, quadridentate, with a little red hair

apically beneath ; clypeus ordinary, strongly punctured, with

a smooth median band; mesothorax and scutellum well

punctured, rather dull. Wings somewhat dusky, especially

apically, stigma dark reddish, nervures dark fuscous.

The nest is made of leaves, as usual. ‘lhe species is rather

closely related to M. calens, Ckll., from the New Hebrides.

MEGACHILE, subgen. HACKERIAPIS, uoy.

For some years it had been apparent that certain Australian

forms of Megachi/e, with parallel-sided abdomen in both sexes,

were very different from the typical species of the genus.

Some of these have been investigated by Mr. Henry Hacker

in Queensland, and he has made the surprising discovery

that they work with resin, instead of making the usual eells

covered with leaves. It is therefore desirable to recognize a

distinct subgenus—Hackeriapis—with Megachile rhodura,

Cockerell, as the type. Other species are ML. hackeri, Ckll.,

M. mystacea (Kabr.), M. ustulata (Sm.), &e. It is very

interesting to find that the resin-working instinct has been

independently developed in the Megachiline and Anthidiine

series, in the latter shown by the genus Dianthidium.

15*

268 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell— Deseriptions and

Bomlus terrestris (L.).

Funchal, Madeira, below the Mount Church, Dec. 28, 1920

(W. P. Cockerell) ; Funchal, Madeira, at fowers of Strepto-

solen jamesonit, Miers, Feb. 21, 1921 (Cockerell).

These are of the European, not the Canarian, form of

B. terrestris, and as the species was not found in Madeira by

Wollaston, I suppose it to have been introduced in recent

years. B, ruderatus (Fab.) has long been known from

Madeira, and is very possibly a genuine native.

Perdita maura, Cockerell.

White Rocks, near Boulder, Colorado, at flowers of

Physalis, June 13 (W. P. Cockerell). New to Colorado.

Both sexes were taken, and in either sex the third abde-

minal segment may have or lack a pair of small yellow spots.

The spotiess form is the one described as maura, and the

spotted one is to be called form bistgnata (Perdita bisignata,

Ckll., Amer. Mus. Novitates, no. 33, the type a male, not

female as there given). I find that one of the original

specimens, a female from Cedar Bluffs, Nebraska, has the

spots. One of the males fiom White Rocks is peculiar,

having the lateral face-marks L-shaped. ‘The face-marks of

male bisignata differ appreciably from those of typical maura,

but, in view of the variation shown by the Colorado specimens,

I do not believe the differences to be even subspecific. Also

on Physalis, at White Rocks, Mrs. Cockerell took a female

Hialictus perpunctatus, Ellis.

Ceratina suleata, Friese.

S. Africa.

Meade- Waldo (1913) referred this to C. subguadrata, Sm.,

but sulcata is much more heavily punctured on the abdomen

aud is quite distinct.

Dialictus subcyaneus (Ashmead).

St. Vincent.

I saw the type (¢) of Dufourea subcyanea, Aslim., in the

British Museum. It is a blue Halictine with two submar-

ginal cells ; mesothorax strongly punctured.

1 lah a Ra me.

Records of Bees. 269

Tetralonia chrysophila, Cockerell.

¢. Boulder, Colorado, May 20, 1922 (Mary Pope). New

to Colorado.

Nomada (Xanthidium) vallesina, var. honorata, nov.

? .—Lenegth about 85 mm., anterior wing nearly 8.

Head, thorax, and legs red, with some black, but no

yellow ; abdomen with first segment clear red, with a small

black spot near base on each side and hind margin blackish ;

segments 2 to 5 bright sulphur-yellow (except a median

basal red triangular area on 2), 2 to 4 with broad red hind

margins; venter red, with small yellow spots at extreme

sides. Head and thorax with very little hair; mandibles

simple, black at tips; third antennal joint a trifle shorter

than fourth; antenne entirely clear red, the flagellum thick ;

tegule bright red, punctured. Wings strongly dusky, with

the usual hyaline area beyond thie cells ; stigma clear ferru-

ginous, nervures fuscous ; b. n. going a short distance basad

of nervulus. Mesothorax and disc of metathorax without

black ; anterior coxs simple; hind femora with a large

diffused black stain behind, and their cox with a large black

spot near base.

Boulder, Colorado, May 21, 1922 (Frances D. Becker).

Readily distinguished from typical vallesina by the entirely

red postscutellum, absence of black band down middle of

metathorax, and absence of black marking about base of

antenne. ‘The cheeks are broadly black belind in vallesina,

entirely red in honorata.

Colletes spectabilis, Morawitz.

Mr. E. Saunders, who revised the 8S. S. Saunders collection

at Oxford shortly before he died, indicated that Colletes

niveifusciatus, Dours, was a synonym of spectabilix. The

same synonymy has been given by Alfken (1914).

Colletes collaris, Dours.

C. cariniger, Pérez, described from Syria, was determined

by Mr. E. Saunders to be a synonym of collaris.

270 Mr. R. E. Turner on

XXXIV.—New Evaniide and Braconide in the British

Museum. By Rowranp E. Turner, F.Z.S., F.E.S.

Family Evaniide.

Pristaulacus emarginaticeps, sp. n.

2. Nigra; fusco-pilosula; scapo subtus, femoribus anticis apice,

tibiis anticis intermediisquesubtus, tarsisque anticis intermediisque

brunneis; alis fusco-hyalinis, anticis basi fuscis, fasciaque latis-

sima sub stigmate fusca; capite postice profunde emarginato ;

cellula cubitali secunda venas recurrentes duas excipiente ;

unguiculis sex-dentatis.

Long. 13 mm.; terebree long. 10 mm.

?. Head massive, very deeply and rather narrowly emar-

ginate posteriorly, shining and almost smooth, the front

minutely punctured ; clypeus with a small tooth in the

middle of the anterior margin. Antenne stout, the second

joint twice as long as broad, the fourth about one-third

longer than the third. Prothorax with a small tooth on

each side beneath, the thorax somewhat overhanging the

anterior truncation ; prescutum strongly transversely stri-

ated, longitudinally depressed in the middle; scutellum,

median segment, and pleurz very coarsely reticulate ; hind

cox transversely striated ; tarsal ungues with a comb of

six teeth in addition to the apical point. Abdomen some-

what compressed laterally ; the first segment petiolate,

broadened at the apex, and longér than the rest of the abdo-

men; the apical segments sparsely clothed with cinereous

pubescence. Second transverse cubital nervure incomplete,

indicated by a scar in the middle; second cubital cell

receiving both recurrent nervures, the first close to the

base, the second just before three-quarters from the base.

The dark transverse band from the stigma is very broad,

occupying the whole of the second cubital and second dis-

coidal cells, also the apical half of the first cubital and the

basal portion of the radial cell, but the extent of the band

may be variable.

Hab. Hoabinh, Tonkin, August 1918 (R. Vitalis de

Salvaza) ; 1 2.

Very distinct in the emargination of the head, the number

of teeth in the ungues, and the position of the first recurrent

nervure,

new Evaniide and Braconidae. 271

Pristaulacus excisus, sp. uv.

?. Very similar to P. emarginaticeps, but the head is

rather less massive; the posterior emargination is wider

and less deep; there is no tooth on the margin of the

clypeus ; the antennz are more slender ; the wings are less

strongly infuscated, especially at the apex, rendering the

dark area below the stigma more conspicuous ; the second

recurrent nervure is received beyond four-fifths from the

base of the second cubital cell, and the sculpture of the

mesopleurz is not as coarse. Tarsal ungues with four teeth

only.

Hab. Hoabinh, Tonkin, August 1918 (R. Vitalis de

Salvaza).

Pristaulacus beesoni, sp. nu.

Q@. Nigra; albido-pilosula; alis hyalinis, venis nigris, anticis

macula nigra sub stigmate, vena cubitali transversa secunda

in dimidio inferiore decolorato ; scapo brunneo.

3. Femine similis.

Long., 2,11 mm.; terebre long. 8 mm.; ¢, 10 mm.

?. Head smooth and shining, the front microscopically

punctured and clothed with short white pubescence. Second

antennal joint twice as long as broad, the fourth half as long

again as the third, the apical joints slender. ‘Thorax ver-

tically truncate anteriorly, the prothorax with a small spiue

on each side beneath. Mesonotum and scutellum very

coarsely transversely striated, the preescutum longitudinally

depressed in the middle; median segment end pleure

coarsely reticulate. First abdominal segmeut petiolate,

broadened at the apex, and longer than the rest of the

abdomen; the apical segments clothed with very delicate

white pubescence. Tarsal ungues with four teeth, excluding

the apical point. First recurrent nervure received by the

first cubital cell a little before the apex, second received

before three-fifths from the base of the second cubital cell.

The fuscous spot below the stigma is small, not entering the

second cubital cell, and scarcely reaching beyond the middle

of the first transverse cubital nervure.

Hab, Thano, Siwalik Hills, United Provinces, India,

September 6, 1919 (C. F. C. Beeson).

Taken emerging from a Sal log.

This is very near P. nigripes, Kieff., from Sikkim, of

272 Mr. R. E. Turner on

which it may prove to be a subspecies. It differs in the

clearer hyaline wings, in the smaller stigmal fuscous mark,

and in the position of the recurrent nervures. The latter

character does not appear to be very reliable in this genus.

Family Braconide.

Subfamily Vrrrovry#, Viereck.

Genus Monocoiia, Roman.

Monocoila signata, sp. n.

2. Fulva; mandibulis apice, antennis, vertice, prosterno lateribus,

mesosterno, mesonoto notaulis exceptis, terebra, valvulis, tarso-

rumque articulo apicali nigris; alis fusco-hyalinis, venis nigris.

Long. 5 mm.

?. Head finely punctured, sparsely on the shining vertex,

more closely on the opaque face ; a shallow sulcus running

from the anterior ocellus to the base of the antennz ; the

black colour on the vertex produced anteriorly in the middle

so as to include the ocellar region and reaching the base of

the antenne ; the head transverse and rather strongly nar-

rowed behind the eyes. Thorax shining, sparsely and very

finely punctured ; notauli deep and smooth ; median seg-

ment smooth and shining. Abdomen rugose-reticulate, the

sutures crenulate ; second tergite with a low median carina

from the base, nearly reaching to the suture marking the

division between the fused second and third tergites; the

apical lobes of the fifth tergite on each side of the apical

emargination more strongly rounded than in pectoralis,

Holmg., and the emargination itself distinctly narrower.

Terebra less than half as long as the abdomen. Neuration

as in M. pectoralis, but the cubital nervure is not curved at

the base, in this point resembling MW. secunda, Szépl.

Hab. Ceres, Cape Province, November 1920 (R. E. Turner) ;

L Bx

The sculpture of the tergites is less coarse than in pectoralis.

Monocoila innotata, sp. un.

2. Rubra; capite nigro, orbitis angustissime genisque rufis;

mandibulis flavis, apice nigris, anteunis palpisque nigris, pro-

sterno macula parva utrinque tarsisque articulo apicali nigris ;

alis fuscis, venis nigris.

Long. 5 mm,

aa.

new Evaniide and Braconide. 273

9. Similar to M. signata, but the face is shining, not

opaque, the sculpture of the tergites is more rugose and less

reticulate ; the suture between the fused second and third

tergites is narrower and less distinct, less strongly arched in

the middle, and less distinetly crenulate; the emargination

of the fifth tergite is shallower, the lobes on each side of it

less rounded at the apex. The valvule are half as long as

the abdomen, but the terebra in the type is exserted and

longer than the abdomen.

Hab. Ceres, Cape Province, November 1920 (R. £.

Turner); 12.

Subfamily ApurasroBRraconinz.

EnpovIPio, gen. nov.

Head small ; abdomen almost smooth, rather slender, the

second tergite as long as broad, with an elongate triangular

raised area at the base ; cubitus of the fore wing straight,

not bent at the base as in Aphrastobracon ; nervulus strongly

antefurcal.

Endovipio ceresensis, sp. n.

3g. Rufo-luteus; antennis, palpis, tarsisque nigris; alis hyalinis,

leviter infuscatis, iridescentibus, stigmate venisque brunneis.

Long. 3°5-4 mm.

g. Antenne slender, 3l-jointed, a little shorter than the

whole insect. Head smooth and shining on the vertex and

front ; face narrow, opaque, finely and very closely punc-

tured ; eyes very large. Thorax and median segment smooth

and shining ; the notauli shallow and smooth, almost obso-

lete ; mesopleural furrows not crenulate. Abdomen smooth

and shining, the second tergite with a raised elongate tri-

angular basal area, the basal and lateral sides strongly

margined; third tergite with a small raised area at the basal

angles. Radius originating close to the middle of the

stigma aud reaching the apex of the wing ; first discoidal

cell petiolate ; second abscissa of the radius twice as long

as the first, second cubital long and narrow, first transverse

cubital nervure strongly oblique, second straight and short.

Nervulus oblique, antefureal, separated from the basal

nervure by a distance equal to half its own length.

Hab. Ceres, Cape Province, February and March 1921

(R. E. Turner); 2 6 2.

274 Mr. R. E. ‘Turner on

The genus resembles Microbracon, Ashm., except in the

neuration, whereas Aphrastobracon resembles the more

robust and sculptured Campyloneurus, Szépl.

This is the first Ethiopian record of the subfamily, the

other species being Oriental.

Subfamily Dorycrry-x.

Holcobracon cowxalis, sp. n.

2. Luteo-testacea; flagello, terebra, valvulis, mandibulis apice,

tarsisque apice extremo nigris; alis basi pallide flavo-hyalinis,

dimidio apicali pallidissime fusco-hyalinis ; stigmate fusco, basi

late flavo; venis basi testaceis, apice fuscis; coxis posticis

basi subtus tuberculatis.

Long. 10 mm.; terebre long. 7 mm.

?. Antenne very long and slender, at least 12 mm. in

length (the extreme apical joints missing in the only avail-

able specimen) ; face below the antenne very delicately

transversely rugulose ; frontal excavation shallow, smooth,

and shining. Cheeks about one-third of the length of the

eyes, the eyes separated from the margin of the head by a

distance equal to half their diameter. Pronotum coarsely

punctured ; mesonotum smooth and shining; parapsidal

furrows deep, finely crenulate. Scutellum with a transverse

groove at the base, the groove divided by a longitudinal

carina. Dorsal surface of the median segment smooth and

shining, divided by a shallow longitudinal groove, margined

posteriorly and laterally, the apicil slope punctured closely ;

the sides of the segment more sparsely punctured, with a

longitudinal carina. First tergite less than twice as long

as broad, finely and closely longitudinally striated ; second

tergite also finely longitudinally striated, broadly smooth at

the apex, an oblique sulcus running from the base at each

side, diverging and joining near the apex a coarsely-striated

transverse sulcus ; the apical tergites smooth and shining.

Hind coxe sparsely punctured, produced triangularly at the

base beneath to a small tubercle. Recurrent nervure

received by the first cubital cell; second abscissa of the

radius less than twice as long as the first.

Hab. Dehra Dun, United Provinces, India, September

1913 (No. 8) (C. F. C. Beeson); 1 ?.

This is distinguishable from typical Holcobracon by the

structure of the hind cox, but I do not consider it suffi-

ciently distinct to deserve generic rank.

new Evaniide and Braconide. 27

Holcobracon fulvus, Cam.

Holcobracon fulvus, Cam. Spolia Zeylanica, iii. p. 90 (1905). 2.

Subsp. atriceps, nov.

?. Differs from the typical form from Ceylon in having

the whole of the vertex black, and the longitudinal stri# on

the third tergite extend a little further from the base than

in the type.

Hab. Dehra Dun, July 1913 (No. 28) (C. F. C. Beeson),

1 ?; Kangra Valley, 4500 ft., August (G. C. Dudgeon), 1 ?.

Cameroun subsequently (1910) used the generic name

Holcobracon a second time for an African genus, which

apparently is allied toe Iphiaulaz.

Trichiobracon striolatus, Szépl.

I have given the synonyms of this Bornean species pre-

viously (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) xx. p. 245, 1917).

Specimens from Dehra Dun (September 1913, No. 13)

differ from the typical form in having the sides of the

second tergite distinctly punctured ; whereas in specimens

from Borneo the punctures are more or less confluent,

running into longitudinal striz. It is probable that the

Indian specimens represent a distinct subspecies.

Doryctomorpha antipoda, Asim.

Doryctomorpha antipoda, Ashm. Entom. News, xi. p. 680 (1900). 2.

A female from Wilton’s Bush, New Zealand, answers to

the description, exc pt in having the antenne 28-jointed

and the terebra only equal in length to the insect, not longer.

Ashmead’s description reads “ Antennz 2-3-jointed,” pro-

bably meaning 23. I consider it probable that the New

Zealand and Chatham Island forms represent only one

species.

Subfamily Beaconryz (olim Agathine).

Genus Oreitus, Hal.

The three species of Orgilus described here may be sepa-

rated by the following key :—

1. Second tergite transverse, much broader than long,

fourth tergite opaque and coriaceous ............ O. apostolicus,

Second tergite subquadrate, fourth tergite shining,

almost smooth ,,.....ssesseeccerenesesovecer 2.

276 Mr. R. E. Turner on

2. First tergite with a luteous apical band; fore wing

bifasciate ....iVikgbeebe bese ct u see ee eoe are O. bifasciatus.

First tergite entirely black; fore wing hyaline...... O. parcus.

Orgilus bifasciatus, sp. n.

9. Nigra; tergito primo fascia transversa apicali lutea; tibiis

posticis intermediisque basi albo-annulatis; calcariis posticis

albis; tibiis tarsisque anticis, femoribus anticis apice, terebra,

flagellogue brunneis; alis hyalinis, fusco bivittatis, stigmate

venisque fuscis.

Long. 4 mm.; terebre long. 4 mm.

?. Head distinctly broader than the thorax, a deep fovea

on each side of the clypeus, vertex almost smooth, face

minutely punctured. Thorax closely and finely punctured,

more finely on the mesopleure thau on the mesonotum, the

sulci on the mesopleure finely crenulate. Median segment

and hind coxz closely punctured. First and second tergites

rugulose, the second tergite as long as broad ; third tergite

and base of the fourth finely aciculate. Wings crossed by

two pale fuscous bands, which are separated by a hyaline

band crossing the wing from the base of the stigma.

Hab. Mossel Bay, Cape Province, April 1921 (R. £.

Turner); 22 9.

Orgilus parcus, sp. 0D.

Q. Nigra; flagello, tarsis valvulisque fusco-brunneis; alis hyalinis,

venis fuscis; calcariis pallide brunneis.

Long., 2, 4 mm., terebre long. 3 mm.; d, 3°59 mm.

?. Head scarcely broader than the thorax, closely and

finely punctured, more closely on the face than on the

vertex, the usual fovea on each side of the clypeus. Thorax

finely and closely punctured, the punctures on the middle of

the mesopleure very minute, the furrows on the mesopleurz

finely crenulate. Median segment punctured-rugose ; the

two basal tergites and the extreme base of the third coria-

ceous, the remaining tergites smooth and shining. Second

tergite subquadrate, as long as its basal breadth.

3. Similar to the female; the antenne 28-jointed in

both sexes, and the palpi black.

Hab. Mossel Bay, Cape Province, December to July

(R. E. Turner). Also from Ceres, Cape Province.

A good series taken.

es a

“4 _ ‘ pe eres

new Evaniide and Braconide. 277

Orgilus apostolicus, sp. n.

gd. Niger; tibiis tarsisque anticis, tarsis intermediis, metatarso

postico basi, calcariis flagelloque brunneis; tibiis intermediis

posticisque basi albo-annulatis ; alis hyalinis, venis fuscis.

Long. 5°5 mm.

6. Head no broader than the thorax, finely and very

closely punctured, the fovez of the clypeus large. Thorax

closely punctured, notauli distinctly crenulate posteriorly,

propleure finely striolate, mesopleure finely punctured-

rugulose. Median segment rugose-reticulate, with ill-

defined longitudinal carine near the apex, the apical slope

with two well-defined aree on each side. Three basal

tergites rugulose, the basal tergite with a low longitudinal

carina not reaching the apex, aud with a curved suboblique

carina on each side. Second tergite much broader than

long, fourth tergite coriaceous. The radial cell is broader

than is usual in the genus, the radius being widely curved

from the stigma; the nervure dividing the cubital cell

from the first discoidal cell is almost colourless. Antennz

34-jointed.

Hab. Camps Bay, Cape Peninsula, October 1920 (R. E.

Turner); 236.

Disophrys dehraensis, sp. n.

Q. Fulva; vertice, antennis, mandibulis apice extremo, abdomine,

segmento basali excepto, tarsisque posticis nigris; alis dimidio

basali, stigmate basi maculaque magna substigmatali flavis,

dimidio apicali fuscis; venis basi fulvis, apice fuscis,

Long. 11 1mm.

9. Antenne as long as the whole insect, the scape

clothed with short fuscous hairs. Vertex smooth and shin-

ing, face very shallowly and minutely punctured, the usual

two interantennal lamellze well developed. Thorax shining,

almost smooth, the notauli distinct and smooth. Meso-

sternum closely punctured; the mesopleure with a broad

coarsely striated furrow above the mesosternum, and bounded

posteriorly by an oblique carina, on each side of which are

several short strix. Scutellum finely punctured, with a

deep basal groove in which are two carinz ; postscutellum

margined in front and posteriorly by strong carinz, con-

nected in the middle by tiiree short carinz. Median segment

finely punctured on the sides, the spiracles elongate and

enclosed in a rounded area; dorsal surface with a well-

defined oblique basal area which is divided by a longitudinal

278 Mr. R. E. Turner on

carina, the posterior slope of the segment is margined above

by a carina which is connected with the basal area by three

strong carine on each side ; on the posterior slope are two

caring converging towards the apex, on each side of these

carine are two well-defined areas. Abdomen smooth and

shining. Second cubital cell as long as high at the base,

pointed on the radius, the second transverse cubital nervure

strongly bent below the middle and emitting the stump of a

nervure. ‘he yellow colour of the fore wing extends well

beyond the nervulus, and beyond the basal nervure except

near the costa. Hind metatarsus longer than the four apical

joints of the hind tarsi.

Hab. Dehra Dun, United Provinces, India, September and

October 1913 (Nos. 10 & 11).

Bracon (olim Cremnops) desertor, L.

Ichneumon desertor, Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. 10a, 1. p. 563 (1758).

One female received from Dehra Dun is identical with

European specimens (June 1913, No. 1). ;

Subfamily Hezconrvz.

Pseudohelcon distanti, sp. n.

2. Lutea; mandibulis apice, area inter ocellos, antennis valvu-

lisque nigris; tarsis posticis, tibiisque posticis dimidio apicali

infuscatis ; alis pallidissime flavo-hyalinis, venis flavis ; stigmate

dimidio apicali, vena basali, nervulo radiique abscissa prima

fuscis.

Long. 10 mm., terebre long. 9 mm.

?. Eyes prominent and fairly large ; the head broad and

massive, somewhat swollen behind the eyes, the hind margin

broadly and rather shallowly emarginate; vertex shining,

very minutely punctured, a space behind the ocelli slightly

concave; front and face opaque and very delicately rugulose.

Third and fourth antennal joints equal, not quite four times

as long as thick; antenn# a little more than two-thirds of

the length of the insect. Thorax finely punctured, the

notauli deep and finely crenulate. Median segment and

first tergite coarsely rugulose, the base of the second tergite

more finely rugulose, the remaining tergites smooth and

shining. First tergite much longer than broad, second

broader than long. Fore tarsi longer than the tibiz, but

less than half as long again; hind tibize less than twice as

}

new Evaniide and Braconidae. 279

long as the hind femora ; hind metatarsus not quite as long

as the four following joints combined. First and second

abscisse of the radius about equal, second cubital cell fully

twice as long on the cubitus as on the radius, the latter

originating nearer to the apex of the stigma than to the

base. Recurrent nervure received distinctly before the first

transverse cubital nervure; nervulus interstitial ; first dis-

coidal cell sessile; anal cell with two transverse nervures.

Hab. Pretoria (W.L. Distant).

This species undoubtedly belongs to Szépligeti’s genus

Pseudohelcon, though the legs are somewhat less elongate

than indicated in the description of the genus, with different

proportion of the joints; the eyes are not small, aud the

position of the recurrent nervure is different.

Aspicolpus hudsoni, sp. n.

do. Niger; pedibus flavo-ferrugineis, coxis posticis, tibiis posticis

apice, tarsorumque articulo apicali nigris; alis hyalinis, venis

nigris.

Long. 10 mm.

3. Head margined posteriorly, not narrowed behind the

eyes ; vertex shining, finely and rather sparsely punctured ;

face opaque, finely rugose ; clypeus shining, punctured, very

broadly rounded at the apex, almost transverse. No frontal

excavation. Antenne very long, measuring 1l mm., 46-

jointed. Cheeks about as long as the scape. Mesonotum

aud scutellum finely punctured, notauli well developed.

Median segment rugose, the extreme base smooth, with a

low, longitudinal, median carina; the segment margined

posteriorly, with an ill-defined area on each side at the apex.

Abdomen slender, smooth, and shining, the junction of the

abdomen with the median segment situated just above the

hind cox. Calcar of the hind tibiz short, hind coxee very

closely punctured, hind metatarsus as long as the four

following joints combined. Radius not quite reaching the

apex of the wing, originating nearer to the apex of the stigma

than to the base ; first abscissa of the radius fully half as

long as the second, first discoidal cell sessile, nervulus post-

furcal, but not strongly so, anal cell with one transverse

nervure ; second cubital cell distinctly longer on the cubitus

than on the radius, the second transverse cubital nervure

forming a right angle with the cubitus.

Hab. Kinloch, Lake Wakatipu, New Zealand, January

1921 (G. V. Hudson).

280 On new Evaniide and Braconide.

Allied to A. penefrator, Sm. (Rhogas p.), which I have

previously placed in this genus. These two species are not

typical Aspico/pus, the nervulus in both being distinetly

postfureal ; but they may be left in the genus, at least

provisionally.

Subfamily Drosprrr2.

Diospilus antipodum, sp. n.

Q. Nigra; mandibulis basi, scapo subtus, prothorace, tegulis,

mesopleuris macula sub alis, pedibusque testaceis ; tibiis posticis

dimidio apicali tarsisque posticis infuscatis; alis hyalinis, venis

nigris.

¢. Femine similis; prothorace pedibusque posticis nigris ; tro-

chanteribus posticis femoribusque basi flavo-testaceis.

Long., 2, 4:5 mm., terebre long. 2mm.; ¢, 4 mm.

2. Clypeus transverse at the apex, the central portion

raised, with a large round fovea on each side, head margined

posteriorly, shining, minutely and sparsely punctured, the

vertex almost smooth. Antenne 29-jointed, scape less than

twice as long as its apical breadth. ‘Thorax rather closely

punctured, more coarsely on the pleure than on the dorsal

surface, the mesopleure with a smooth shining space in the

middle. Scutellum convex, smooth in the middle; median

segment rounded, rugosely punctured ; abdomen smooth and

shining, the basal segment longer than its apical breadth,

strongly margined laterally and smooth. Neuration normal,

not differing from European species, except in the radial

nervure, which reaches the apex of the wing. .

3d. Antenne 28-jointed ; first tergite slender, almost

subpetiolate.

Hab. Wiltons Bush, New Zealand (G. V. Hudson).

Subfamily Hurzorryz.

Streblocera insperata, sp. n.

2. Ochracea; flagello apice, mesonoto lobis lateralibus loboque

mediano antice, segmento mediano, petiolo, tergitoque quarto

nigris; alis hyalinis, stigmate venisque pallidis.

Long. 4 mm.

2. Antenne 20-jointed, the scape long and stout, mea-

suring 1 millimetre in length, smootl and without hairs,

subtuberculate beneath at one-third from the base, slightly

intl p yeas

Pins os prt

On a new Nematode from the Norwegian Beaver. 281

curved, Flagellum about twice as long as the scape, the

ninth joint produced strongly at the outer apical angle.

Head smooth and shining ; the front minutely punctured at

the sides, with a shallow longitudinal sulcus which does not

reach the anterior ocellus; the scape inserted on a large

round prominence ; face subopaque. Thorax shining, finely

and distantly punctured; pronotum crenulate; notauli

smooth, mesopleurz smooth in the middle; a deep trans-

verse groove at the base of the scutellum in which are

several longitudinal striz. Median segment rugose, with

lateral marginal carine, the apical slope coarsely reticulate.

Abdomen smooth and shining, the petiole with delicate

longitudinal striz which do not reach the apex. Valvule

very short, considerably shorter than the first tergite ;

femora and tibiz long, tarsi rather short. Radius origi-

nating a little beyond the middle of the stigma; the costal

margin of the radial cell half as long as the stigma.

Hab. Ceres, Cape Province, February and March 1921

(R. E. Turner); 2¢ °.

This is not a typical Stredlocera, the scape being smooth

and rather differently shaped; but I think it may be retained

in the genus.

XXXV.—Travassosius rufus, gen. et sp. n.: a Nematode

(Trichostrongylidee) parasitic in the Stomach of the

Norwegian Beaver. By M. Kuarit, Ph.D. (Lond.),

M.D. (Brux.), D.P.H., Hon. Parasitologist to the Zoolo-

gical Society of London *.

Material—Numerous examples of this nematode were

found in the stomach of a beaver— Castor fiber ’—from

Norway, which died at the Zoological Society’s Gardens,

London. The animal died on the day following its admission

to the menagerie. About two weeks later a second beaver,

brought from the same locality, also died. In the latter only

a few specimens of the same nematode were found. In both

animals the ceecum harboured numerous specimens of Clad-

orchis (Stichorchis) subtriquetrus.

Shape of Body.—In the fresh state the parasites were

* From the Helminthological Department, London School of Tropical

Medicine.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. x. 19

282 Dr. M. Khalil on @ new |

brick-red in colour, gracefully coiled, and lay in the mucus

covering the surface of the stomach. The parasites are very

slender. The male is 12mm. long and 0°18 mm.in maximum

diameter. The female is 13 mm. long and 0°19 mm. in

maximum diameter. The body in both sexes tapers towards

the head-end, and in the female towards the tail-end also.

The bursa of the male is slightly broader than the rest of the

body.

Cuticle-—The cuticle is longitudinally striated. There are

Fig. 1.

—

200 p

Cephalic end of the body of Travassosius rufus,

twenty equidistant longitudinal lines distributed around the

circumference of the body. Close to the head the cuticle is

transversally striated.

The Cephalic End.—The cephalic end is smoothly rounded.

It is 0°03 mm. in diameter in both sexes. The mouth is

surrounded by three ill-defined lips. There is no mouth-

capsule. A small mouth-cavity leads directly into the

beginning of the cesophagus (fig. 1).

}

rai den

es ad —

Nematode from the Norwegian Beaver. 283

@sophagus.—The cesophagus is straight, slender, and

tapering gradually towards its cephalic end. It is 0°66 mm.

in length in the male and 0°68 mm. in the female. The

maximum diameter of the cesophagus is at its caudal end.

It is 0°08 mm. in diameter in both sexes.

Chyle Intestine.—The chyle intestine in both sexes pursues

a straight course along the axis of the body. The intestinal

cells are not pigmented. ‘The rectum in the female is. a

——_—____+

200

Female tail.

short narrow canal 0°08 mm. in length. The anal opening

is not raised above the surface, and lies in the mid-ventral

line 0°37 mm. from the tail-end (fig. 2).

Nervous Systen.—The nerve-ring surrounds the cesophagus

0°32 mm. from the cephalic end in both sexes.

Ezxcretory System.—The excretory pore passes through the

cuticle in an oblique direction, running caudad from the

284 Dr. M. Khalil on a new

surface. It opens in the mid-ventral line 0°48 mm. from the

cephalic end in the male and 0°49 mm. in the female.

Cervical Papille—The two laterally placed cervical

papilla are stout and very conspicuous. ‘They are short,

thorn-like, with their pointed ends directed caudally. They

lie in the male 0°53 mm. and in the female 0°55 mm. from

Fig. 3.

Female genitalia.

the head-end. They are a little cephalad to the bulb of the

cesophagus.

Prebursal Papille.—The prebursal papille are large and

conspicuous. ‘hey lie on the lateral lines 0-27 mm. from

the end of the bursa. Hach papilla has a rounded end ; it is

;

Nematode from the Norwegian Beaver. 285

cylindrical in shape, with a slightly broader base. The

papillee are 0-025 mm. in length.

Genital Organs.—Male: the testis runs for the greater

part of its course along the axis of the body. There are two

dilated, spindle-shaped, seminal vesicles. The cement-gland

es i

Fig. 4.

700

Ventral view of male bursa and spicules.

-is comparatively long, with the vas deferens piercing its

é whole length to open into the cloaca.

Female: there are two ovaries and two uteri, which are

divergent (fig. 3). They run along the long axis of the body.

286 Dr. M. Khalil on a new

Each uterus ends in an ovejector. The vagina is very short

and is surrounded with a buried cuticular ring. The vulva

is not raised above the surface and opens 32 mm. from the

tail-end.

Bursa.—The male bursa is closed all round, there being no

distinct demarcation between the lateral and the dorsal lobes.

The lateral lobes are frequently folded. The ventro-ventral

ray is small and runs horizontally, being widely separated

from the latero-ventral ray (fig. 4). The latero-ventral ray

lies close to and parallel with the externo-lateral ray. Its

tip is directed forwards. The trunk of the lateral rays arises

Fig. 5.

Lateral view of male bursa. -

in common with the latero-ventral ray. It divides at the

same level into three rays of equal thickness. The tip of the

ventro-lateral ray is directed forwards. The tip of the medio-

lateral ray lies at right angles to the edge of the bursa. The

tip of the dorso-lateral ray is directed dorsally (fig. 5). The

externo-dorsal ray arises from the dorsal ray close to its

origin. It is a comparatively thick ray and ends a short

distance from the edge of the bursa. ‘The dorsal ray is thin,

0:09 mm. in length. It bifurcates in its lower 0°03 mm. into

two delicate branches, each of which ends in two fine prongs

at the edge of the bursa.

eaneewess art

Nematode from the Norwegian Beaver. 287

Genital Cone.-—The genital cone is a massive structure

protruding from the floor of the bursa, and having a rounded

apex pierced by the cloacal canal. There is a large papilla

on either side of the cloacal opening.

Spicules.—The two spicules are equal and similar. Each

is 0°185 mm. in length. The cephalic extremity is cup-

shaped, hollow, and has a thickened rim (fig. 6). The spicule

has a groove along its ventral aspect. The caudal end is

rounded, carrying a knob-like end. There is no accessory

Fig. 6.

Fig. 6.—Ventral aspect of one spicule.

Fig. 7.—Ovum.

piece. At the bases of the spicules there are two empty sacs,

from which the spicules have been apparently protruded.

Termination of the Female.—The female tail is 0°37 mm.

It ends bluntly and is not provided with papille.

Ova.—The ova, which are laid in the morula stage, are

oval, thin-shelled, and measure 85 w in length and 55 w in

breadth (fig. 7).

Habitat.—The stomach of the European beaver, “ Castor

Jiber,” Norway.

288 On anew Nematode from the Norwegian Beaver.

Discussion.

The only nematode parasite hitherto found in the stomach

of Castor fiber is that recorded by Morgan in 1868. This

author wrote :— In the stomach of the beaver I have found

a very fine filamentous worm 40” in length, species unknown.”

It is difficult to determine the character of Morgan’s parasite,

but Hall has tentatively placed it in the genus Gongylonema

because of its habitat and length. The parasite described in

this paper is placed in a new genus which has been named

Travassosius, in recognition of Dr. Travassos’s work on the

Trichostrongy lide.

The genus may be defined as follows :—

Trichostrongyline: small and slender, reddish in colour in

the fresh condition. Head small, with three lips. Cuticle

longitudinally striated except close to the head, where it is

transversely striated. Cervical papilla prominent. Buccal

cavity not well defined. Bursa with large lateral lobes

without a well-developed dorsal lobe. Ventral rays widely

separated, of very different thickness ; the ventro-ventral is

thin and directed ventrally ; the latero-ventral is thick and

in close relation with the lateral rays. The tip of the externo-

lateral ray is directed ventrally at its tip. The medio-lateral

strikes the edge of the bursa at right angles, while the postero-

lateral ray has its tip directed dorsally. Dorsal ray long and

slender, cleft at the end. Each bifurcation ends in two

prongs. Spicules short, twisted, with a knob-like caudal

end. There is no accessory piece. Prebursal papillze large

and conspicuous. Uteri divergent. Ovejectors well deve-

loped. Vulva in the posterior half of the body. Eggs of

moderate size, thin-shelled, colourless, and are deposited in

the morula-stage of development. Parasitic in the stomach.

Type-species, Travassosius rufus from the Kurepean beaver,

Castor fiber.

The genus is allied to Cooperia, Ransom, 1907, being

differentiated from it, however, by the following characters :—

In Cooperia the cervical papille are absent, while in T7avas-

sosius they are present and very prominent. In Cooperia

the dorsal lobe of the bursa is more or less distinctly separated

from the lateral lobes, while in Z7ravassosius there is no suchi

separation. In Cooperta the externo-lateral ray turns back-

wards, while in Travassosius it turns forwards. In Cooperia

the prebursal papille are absent, while in Travassosius they

are present. In Cooperia each main branch of the dorsal

On a new Linguatulid from the Adriatic. 289

ray gives a small ray extending ventrally near its junction

with the stem; this is absent in 7'ravassosius.

REFERENCES.

Hart, M.C. 1916. “ Nematode Parasites of Mammals of the Orders

Rodentia, Lagomorpha, and Hyracvidea” No, 2131 from the

‘Proceedings of the United States National Museum,’ vol. 1.

pp. 188-189, also 231,

Morean, L. H. 1868. ‘The American Beaver and his Works,’ Pp. xv,

17-284. 8vo, Philadelphia.

Ransom, B. H. 1907. “ Notes on Parasitic Nematodes, including De-

scriptions of new Genera and Species and Observations on Life-

histories.” Circular 116, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau

of Animal Industry.

Travassos, L. 1921. “ Contributions 4 l’étude de la Faune helmintho-

logique du Brésil.—XIII. Essai monographique sur la Famille

des Trichostrongylide, Leiper, 1909.” Memorias do Instituto

Oswaldo Cruz, t. xiii. f. 1.

XXXVI.— On a new Linguatulid from the Adriatic.

By STANLEY Hirsr.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Alofia adriatica, sp. n.

Shape of body much the same in both sexes. It is of

moderate thickness, the anterior end being narrowed, whilst

the posterior end is a little enlarged, being the stoutest part

of the body. Segmentation not very distinct; there are

about seventy-two annulations ?’ There is a distinct lateral

line in the female. Chitinous supporting line of mouth

shaped almost like a key-hole, whereas in A. gine, Giglioli,

it is U-shaped. Also the distance between the two lines of

hooks is much greater in the new species, and the curvature

of the hooks themselves is different.

Measurements.—Length of female 21°85 mm.; width of

anterior end (near hooks) 2 mm. ; width of middle of body

about 3 mm.; width of posterior end about 34 mm. Length

of male 19 mm.

Locality.—Adriatic; a male and a female specimen, from

the Norman collection ; host not given.

290 Mr. H. Campion on

XXX VII.—Notes on a small Collection of Odonata from —

Argentina. By Herserr Campion.

Mr. Haroxp E. Box has been good enough to place in my

hands such Dragonflies as he found opportunity for collect-

ing during his recent visit to the Argentine Republic. The

bulk of the material has been presented to the British

Museum (Natural History).

The earliest and the latest of the captures were made

upon two islands in the delta of the Rio Parana—namely,

Isla Ella (Arroyo Largo) and Isla “ Los Cisnes” (about

25 miles N.E. of Buenos Aires). The remaining specimens

were taken at four localities on the eastern slopes of the

Andes, in the Territory of Chubut, Patagonia. The

majority of them came from Lago Epuyén (1000 ft.), in

the extreme north-western corner of the Territory. The

main river issuing from this lake crosses Chile in confluence

with the Rio Puelo, and enters the Pacific Ocean at Relon-

cavi Bay. Fofocahuel (1800 ft.) and the Estancia Maiten

(2000 ft.), two of the localities at which other Dragonflies

were taken, are situated ten leagues apart on the Upper

Chubut River, east of Lago Epuyén. Finally, the Estancia

Tecka (3000 ft.), where Acanthagrion interruptum, Selys,

was met with, is well to the south of the other Patagonian

localities, and stands on the Rio Tecka, a southern tributary

of the Upper Chubut.

For two reasons the specimens before us prove to be of

much interest. In the first place, according to a recent

catalogue of the Dragonflies of Argentina (Ris, Mém. Soc.

Ent. Belg. xxii. pp. 94-97, 1913), nothing whatever is

known as to the Odonate-fauna of this region of Patagonia.

In the second place, the collection includes single specimens

of Gomphomacromia paradoxa, Brauer, and Somatochlora

villosa, Ramb., both belonging to the Corduliinz, a sub-

family of which no members have been recorded hitherto

from Agentina.

The study of Mr. Box’s collection has been much facili-

tated by the kindness of Mr. K. J. Morton, who lent me

some valuable material of Erythrodiplar, and Dr. F. Ris,

who confirmed the identification of Ischnura fluviatilis,

Selys.

= 0 Peni ee

Odonata from Argentina. 291

Family Agrionide.

Subfamily Agrionrvz.

Acanthagrion interruptum, Selys.

4 %,5 2, Estancia Tecka, S.W. Chubut, i. 1920.

As shown by the structure of the anal appendages of the

male sex, this Patagonian material belongs, not to the form

from Buenos Aires to which Ris has given the subspecific

name of bonariense, but to the typical form of the species,

as originally described from Valparaiso, and subsequently

recorded from other parts of Chile, as well as from the

Patagonian Territory of Nenquén. ‘This species is the geno-

type of Cyanallayma, Kennedy (Ohio Journ. Sci. xxi. p. 87,

1920).

Acanthagrion cheliferum, Selys.

1 3g, Isla Ella,.Rio Parana, x. 1919.

This specimen is badly discoloured, but seems to agree in

its essential characters, both morphological and otherwise,

with De Selys’s original description of a series of males from

Brazil (Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) xli. p. 319, 1876). The lower

anal appendages, however, are shorter and more conical

than those figured for the species by Ris (Hamburg. Magal-

haen, Sammelr. vii., Odonaten, p. 12, fig. 7, 1904), and

appear to be more in accordance with what De Selys says of

those structures, “rapprochés en forme de deux tubercules

coniques.”” The species has been previously recorded from

the neighbourhood of Buenos Aires. A. cheliferum is,

perhaps, to be included in the genus Cyanallayma (Kennedy,

loc. cit.).

Acanthagrion ambiguum, Ris.

16 3,7 ¢, Isla Ella, Rio Parana, x. 1919.

A very small species, exhibiting affinities with several

different genera, and whose true systematic position is

somewhat uncertain. It was originally described from the

neighbourhood of Buenos Aires (Hamburg. Magalhaen.

Sammelr. vii., Odonaten, p. 13, 1904), and Calvert has

recorded it from Paraguay (Ann. Carnegie Mus. vi. p. 176,

1909). Of the three forms of the female distinguished by

Ris, only ? ¢ is represented in the present collection. ‘That

is the form in which the pale condition of the head and

292 Mr. H. Campion on

thorax results in the disappearance of postocular spots and

thoracic stripes.

Oxyagrion terminale, Selys.

3 3,3 9, Isla Ella, Rio Parand, x. 1919.

1 g, Isla “ Los Cisnes,” Rio Parana, vi.—xi. 1920.

Known from Brazil, Argentina, and Paraguay, while a

local form has been described from Bolivia (Ris, Arch.

Naturg. lxxxii. A. 9, p. 127, 1918).

Ceratura capreola, Hagen.

3 3,2 2 (citron), Isla “ Los Cisnes,” Rio Paran4, vi.—xi.

1920.

This extremely small species has been recorded from the

West Indies, Mexico, and Central and South America, but

“the citron female is not yet known outside South

America” (Calvert, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Neuropt. p. 132,

1903).

Ischnura fluviatilis, Selys.

73,9 2,I1sla Ella, Rio Parana.

The anal appendages of the males seemed to show some

degree of variation from the figures published by Dr. Ris

[Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxii. p. 71, fig. 10 (1913); Arch.

Naturgesch. Ixxxii. A. 9, p. 182, fig. 74 (1918) ], and accord-

ingly specimens were sent to him for examination. In his

opinion, however, nothing beyond individual variation is

indicated in the material which was submitted.

The females all belong to the orange form.

The species has been recorded from Brazil, Paraguay, and

Chile, as well as from several localities in Argentina.

Family Zschnide.

Subfamily sonyrvz.

Genus AXSCHNA.

Two closely-related species of AZschna are represented in

the collection, a larger one from the Territory of Chubut,

and another, noticeably smaller in size, from the Province

of Buenos Aires. According to the table and figures given

a ee

ae lee nian abel

Odonata from Argentina. 293

by Ris (Deutsch. Ent. Zeitschr. 1908, pp. 523-527), these

are, respectively, 4’. diffinis, Ramb., and A’. bonariensis,

Ramb. Two females from Fofocahuel (Chubut), referred to

4. diffinis, are ill-preserved, and call for no further com-

ment. As regards the other specimens of 4. diffinis, those

from Lake Epuyén, the stem of the T-shaped marking on

the frons is somewhat variable, both in stoutness and form,

although its sides are never so nearly parallel as in bonari-

ensis. In only one or two of the examples of diffinis can

even vestiges be traced of any pale antehumeral stripes, and

then they take the form of a pair of small comma-like spots

on the anterior portion of the meso-metathorax. In bonari-

ensis, on the contrary, the presence of such spots is the rule,

and not the exception. A character which appears to be

quite constant is the greater extent in diffinis than in

bonariensis of the white area at the base of the membranule.

Another distinguishing character which appears to be

equally constant is the greater development in diffinis of

the longitudinal dorsal carina on the superior anal append-

ages of the male.

Aischna diffinis, Ramb.

2 2, Fofocahuel, Upper Chubut River, xii. 1919.

93, 102, Lago Epuyén, N.W. Chubut, xii. 1919-

i, 1920.

Aischna bonariensis, Ramb.

4 3,2 2, Isla Ella, Rio Paran4, x. 1919.

Family Libellulide.

Subfamily Corpvzirwx.

As already stated, the known Odonate-fauna of Argentina

is no longer without representatives of the Corduliinz.

Both the species which are now added to that fauna were

described from Chile, and were supposed to be peculiar to

that country.

Gomphomacromia paradoxa, Brauer.

1 2, Lago Epuyén, N.W. Chubut, xii. 1919-i. 1920.

294 Mr. H. Campion on

Somatochlora villosa, Ramb.

1 2, Lago Epuyén, N.W. Chubut, xii. 1919-i. 1920.

Subfamily Lreerrvcrw x.

Erythrodiplax connata connata, Burm.

7 $,3 2, Lago Epuyén, N.W. Chubut, xii. 1919-1. 1920.

3 2, Estancia Maiten, Upper Chubut River, i. 1920.

I have compared the males from Lake Epuyén with

Calvert’s description of Burmeister’s type male from Val-

paraiso (Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. xxv. p. 77, 1898), and also

with Chilian material in the British Museum which agrees

very well with it. In our Argentine specimens the dark

brown basal spot in the hind wing is somewhat larger, and

the streaks in the subcostal and cubito-anal spaces are

confluent. The spot extends outwards as far as the second

antenodal, the arculus, a point near the base of the triangle,

and the cubital supplement. In its maximum development

posteriorly, the spot is co-extensive with abdominal seg-

ments ] and 2, which are similarly coloured. In some of

the Epuyén examples, also, the abdomen is rather more

depressed, as well as a little broader. Otherwise, the two

series compared appear to differ in no essential characters,

and their specific and subspecific identity may evidently be

presumed.

In the females from Lake Epuyén the abdomen is rather

shorter than in the males taken with them, and not quite so

broad. The dark brown markings in the wings of the males

are replaced by saffron suffusion, reaching outwards to a

point near the arculus in the fore wing and to about the

third antenodal and the base of the triangle in the hind

wing. The three females from the Estancia Maiten are very

similar in size, build, and coloration to those from Lake

Epuyén, and doubtless belong to the same subspecies.

Erythrodiplax connata fusca, Ramb.

3 g,1 2, Isla “ Los Cisnes,” Rio Parana, vi.—xi. 1920.

The specimens are somewhat smaller than a male and

female from Buenos Aires, dated 20. 11.1909, and deter-

mined by Ris, with which I have compared them. The _

basal spot in the hind wings of the males, moreover, is not so

well developed posteriorly. For the most part, the spot is

Odonata from Argentina. 295

restricted to the subcostal, median, and cubito-anal spaces,

while behind them lies only a narrow diffusely-pigmented

area, barely exceeding the membranule in length.

The case of the female from Isla “Los Cisnes” is similar

to that of the males from the same locality. The basal

saffron suffusion in the hind wing is restricted in its extent

in much the same manner as the corresponding blackish-

brown spot in the wings of the males. In the Buenos Aires

female mentioned above the saffron suffusion extends 4 or 5

cells beyond the apex of the membranule, while in the male

with which it is associated the dark spot ceases at the fourth

cell.

As regards the material of E. connata identified by Calvert

for the Godman-Salvin Collection, our males are less ex-

tensively marked in the hind wing than the males which he

distinguishes by the letter “e,’ and to which the name

fusca more strictly applies (Biol. Centr.-Amer., Neuropt.

p- 261, 1906). There is a much closer agreement, however,

with males from Guatemala (Gualan) and Mexico (Misantla)

bearing the letter “c,” although in neither of those speci-

mens is the spot so dark in colour as in the most adult

example from Isla ‘* Los Cisnes.”’

Another female from Isla ‘‘ Los Cisnes ” may also belong

to E. connata fusca. It has, however, more of the appear-

ance of E. connata connata, but no males of that form

are forthcoming from the same island to support that

identification.

Erythrodiplax nigricans, Ramb.

33,6 2, Isla Ella, Rio Parana, x. 1919; 7 ¢,4 9, Isla

“ Los Cisnes,” Rio Parand, vi.—xi. 1920.

These specimeus belong to the typical form of the species,

in which the wings are frequently marked with a small

brown cloud beneath the pterostigma. It may be worthy of

note that, while this cloud is present in the case of more

than half the specimens from [sla ‘* Los Cisnes” (44, 2 2 ),

it does not appear to be exhibited at all by any of those from

Isla Ella.

296 On anew Eel from Tobago.

XXXVIII.—A new Eel from Tobage.

By J. R. Norman.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

ACANTHENCHELYS, gen. nov.

Closely related to Ophichthys, but distinguished by the

structure of the anal fin, which is very similar to the dorsal

fin of Zoarces, having a series of short spines not far from

the end of the tail.

Tail of Acanthenchelys spinicauda.

Acanthenchelys spinicauda, sp. n.

Depth of body at origin of dorsal 23 in length of head,

which is about 3 in distance from gill-opening to vent;

length of tail about equal to that of head and trunk. Snout

broad and obtusely rounded, 13 times diameter of eye, which

is nearly twice in interorbital width. Jaws equal anteriorly ;

cleft of mouth 23 times length of snout, extending well

beyond posterior border of eye. ‘Teeth pointed, in a double

series in each jaw ; vomerine teeth in a single series, at least

posteriorly. Origin of dorsal just behind end of pectoral,

which is nearly 4 length of head. Anal fin with about 20

spines. Brownish, lighter below; about fourteen darker

bands across the back, narrower than the interspaces, not

continued below lateral line ; fins yellow.

A single specimen, 1100 1nm. in total length, from Tobago,

collected and presented to the British Museum by Mr. P.

Lechmere Guppy.

Ophichthys ocellatus, Lesueur, is also referable to this

. 1 een er ge ie

On the Fel-worm in Paper-hangers’ Paste. 297

genus, and may be distinguished from the above species by

the following characters :—Tail a little longer than head and

trunk together ; snout pointed ; upper jaw projecting beyond

the lower; anal fin with 26 or 27 spines ; 16 to 20 round

white spots along the middle of the side ; some white dots on

the back behind the head; a white line across occiput ; dorsal

fin with a dark edge. There are three specimens of this

species in the British Museum collection, 340-580 mm. in

total length, from Tobago and the Gulf of Mexico.

Jordan and Evermann, in their revision of the fishes of

North and Middle America *, give Murenopsis, Kaup, with

ocellatus as the type, as a synonym of Ophichthys. On

looking into the matter, it appears that Kaup had no intention

of making O. ocellatus the type of a new genus; he was

listing three species of Lesueur’s genus Murenophis, and by

a slip or a misprint this name appeared as Murwnopsis.

XXXIX.—The Lel-worm in Paper-hangers’ Paste [An-

guillula rediviva (Linneus, 1767), Stiles and Hassall,

1905]. By T. Goopey, D.Se.t

Introduetion.

The eel-worms of vinegar and sour paste have an almost

classic interest attaching to them, in view of the fact that the

early microscopists studied them so frequently and devoted a

considerable amount of space in their writings to descriptions

of them and to the methods by which they could be reared.

These organisms are not very frequently met with nowadays,

and I was therefore much interested when Dr. W. A.

Cunnington, of St. Bartholomew’s Medical School, brought

into this department a few months ago a small quantity of

paper-hangers’ paste which had a pleasantly sour odour and

was literally alive with eel-worms. I had never seen these

creatures before, and, as they were present in abundance, a

suilable opportunity was afforded for a study of them.

After a few preliminary observations, I made an attempt

to identify the worms, and it was then I found a good deal

of confusion among the systematists as to the identity of the

paste eel-worm—some considered it as one and the same as

* Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus, xlvii. 1896, p. 381.

+ From the Helminthological Department, London School of Tropical

Medicine.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist, Ser. 9. Vol. x. 20

298 Dr. T. Goodey on the

the vinegar eel-worm, whilst others claimed it as a distinct

form.

I should like to take this opportunity of expressing our

thanks to Dr. Cunnington for his kindness in supplying the

material which Professor Leiper has placed at my disposal.

Historical.

Bastian (4) gives a pretty complete list of references to

works prior to his time dealing with the paste eel-worm, and

I have endeavoured to examine most of these. I have not

been able to obtain access to several of the old works, as

many of the books are very rare and inaccessible at the

present time. I have, however, found one or two which are

not listed by Bastian. Several of the old works contain but

a few lines recording the presence of eel-worms in sour paste,

and are not accompanied by any illustrations. Moreover, in

those which give figures the latter are for the most part

useless for purposes “of identification and differentiation, in

that they do not show the structure of the worms in sufficient

detail.

Baker (3) has Chapter IV. p. 81 of his book headed “ Of

Eels in Paste.” He gives particulars of how a suitable paste

for the cultivation of the worras may be prepared, so that

one may have a supply of them all the year round. He

makes a point of the necessity of keeping the surface of the

paste free from moulds and in an undried condition. His

last paragraph is well worth quoting :—“ They are very

entertaining objects..... The internal Motion of their

Bowels may very plainly be distinguish’d, and when the

Water is dry’d almost away, and they are near expiring their

Mouths may be seen opening to a considerable Width.”

There can be no doubt that what he refers to as “ the

internal motion of their Bowels” is really the movements of

the embryos within the female worms, for the species is

viviparous. As to their opening their mouths when they

are nearly dead, I can only suggest that he must have

allowed a somewhat sympathetic imagination to colour his

observation of what were probably the tail-ends of some male

worms with spicules extruded, and have mistaken these for

head-ends with mouths agape.

Adams (1), pp. 125-127, deals with eels and serpents or

little worm-like animaleule found in vinegar and paste. He

mentions finding some with bifid tails, and gives a figure of

them. He also quotes the observations of Dr. Power, who

found that if vinegar containing them is but moderately

heated they will all “die and sink to the bottom of the vessel.

Eel-worm in Paper-hangers’ Paste. 299

In a later work (2) the same author deals with Anguillula

glutinis farinos?, or paste-eel, and distinguishes it from

A, aceti, with which he says Linnzeus confused it. He makes

it clear that A. aceti is a much slenderer and longer organism

than the paste eel-worm,

Hooke (7), p. 46, says that the eels in paste seem to be

nearly the same as those of vinegar, and also quotes

Dr. Power’s observations on the effect of heat.

Dugés (5) recognized Vibrio glutinis as distinct from

V. aceti, and his figures of the tail-ends of the female worms

show the more finely tapering character of that of V. acet¢ in

comparison with that of V. glutinis.

Dujardin (6) gives measurements of both glutinis and

aceti, which he transferred to the genus Rhabditis. It is not

clear from his account whether he actually examined tlie

pasteeel-worm. He gives tlie proportion of length to breadth

as about 20 to 1 for glutinis and from 30-45 to IL for aceti.

Bastian (4) made observations only on acet?, and was

unable to obtain g/utinis, though he tried to grow it in paste.

He holds to the opinion that the two species are distinct, and

quotes in support Dujardin (6) and Davaine (private letter).

Bastian’s figures of aceti show the male spicules with a

double curve, the anterior ends being dorsally bent.

Schneider (10), p. 160, combined acet? and glutinis under

one species—ovxophila,—and transferred them to another

genus, viz. Leptodera. His figures show that he was dealing

only with acetz, for the spicules have the same shape as those

figured by Bastian. Although he observed eel-worms in

both vinegar and paste, there can be no doubt that he was

dealing with only one form. It is easily understandable that

aceti would grow well in such a medium as sour paste where

there is present an appreciable amount of acid.

Oerley (9), p. 164, followed Schneider in putting aceti and

glutinis into the common species oxophila, and, like him, he

only succeeded in raising aceti in vinegar and paste.

Stiles and Hassall (11), pp. 34-37, discuss in detail the

history of the genus Anguillu/a (Miiller), and show clearly

that the sour-paste eel-worm is really the type-species of the

genus Anguillula. I quote their last paragraph from p. 35,

in which they sum up the case in relation to this parasite :—

“In Anguillula, Miiller, 1786, there is a species glutinis,

1783, with anguillula, 17783, as synonym ; hence anguillula,

1773, is type by tautonomy of Anguillula, 1784; but as

anguillula, 1773, equals redivivum, Linneeus, 1767, renamed,

this latter name, in its emended sense—namely, as equal to

glutinis, 1783,—should stand as type-species of Anguillula,

300 Dr. T. Goodey on the

1786. The correct name for the ‘ Kleisteraelchen’ is thus

seen to be Anguillula rediviva (Linneus, 1767), Stiles and

Hassall, 1905.”

Discussing the work of systematists succeeding Miiller,

the authors point out that Oken (1815) wrongly transferred

A. aceti and A. glutinis to the genus Gordius.

In 1828 Hemprich and Ehrenberg proposed Anguillula as

a new genus, but did not include either aceé? or glutinis in it.

Ten years later Ehrenberg (1838) included both aceti and

glutimis in the genus Anguillula, but this was not Miiller’s

genus,

Dujardin (1845) retained Anguillula of Hemprich and

Ehrenberg for the species originally placed therein by them,

and transferred acet and glutinis to the genus Ihabditis.

Diesing (1851) replaced aceli and glutinis in the genus

Anguillula, whilst Bastian (1865) retained these species in

the genus, and definitely designated aceti as the type of

Anguillula, “since,” he says, ‘‘ this appears to have been so

regarded by Ehrenberg.”

Stiles and Hassall show that Bastian was wrong in this, in

that acedz was not one of the species included under Anguillula

by Hemprich and Ehrenberg in 1828.

An important paper dealing with the genus Anguillula is

that by Man (8). He retains and defines the genus, and

gives a detailed description of A. aceti, of a variety (A. acet/,

var. dryophila), and of a new species (A. ludwigtt).

The paper is excellently illustrated, and has proved most

useful in the present investigation for purposes of comparison.

A discussion of some of the previous systematic work is

given, and it is shown that Schneider was not justified in

putting acet? and glutinis into the genus Leptodera.

I quote Man’s diagnosis of the genus Anguillula :—

“‘ Body more or less slender, tapering at both ends, espe-

cially towards the hind end, where the tail is drawn out to a

fine point.

“ Cuticle very finely striated with narrow lateral lines

and no bristles.

“ ixcretory system present, opening in the vicinity of the

cesophageal bulb. :

‘“‘ Head rounded or truncated ; lips present or absent, with

one or more circles of papillze.

“ Mouth small, with thin chitinous lips completely anterior.

In A. aceti the mouth-aperture leads into a chamber with

outwardly bent walls. This chamber is divided into two

parts lying behind each other. The hinder portion carries a

Eel-worm in Paper-hangers’ Paste. 301

very small dorsal tooth and two subventral tooth-like

processes.

“(Esophagus with end-bulb in which is a valvular appa-

ratus,

* Males without bursa, with pre- and postanal papilla ;

two equal spicules, and with a simple accessory piece.

‘Genital opening of the female generally a little behind

the median position; gonad anteriorly directed, unilateral,

~ and possessing a backwardly directed ovarium, which opens

from behind into the vagina and appears to function as a

receptaculum seminis, Ovoviviparous. ‘lail-glands absent.”

There seems to be no doubt, in view of the excellent

unravelling work carried out by Stiles and Hassall on the

question of nomenclature, that the name they propose for the

eel-worm from sour paste is the correct one, and | propose to

use it in this paper.

‘The following is an account of the chief points of interest

in the anatomy and structure of the worm :—

Anguillula rediviva (Linneus, 1767), Stiles & Hassall, 1905.

Synonym. Angutllula glutinis (Miller, 1783).

Worms in all stages of growth, from small larve to large,

mature, and sexually differentiated males and females, are

encountered at any time in the sour paste in which I have

grown them. For purposes of description I shall confine my

attention to mature males and females. ‘These are small, but

not so small that they cannot be seen with the naked eye

when the surface of the paste is examined or when a small

quantity of the paste is diluted with water.

The females are, on the whole, larger than the males, as

shown by the following measurements :—

Females.—Length from 1040-1370 pw, average 1270p.

Breadth ,, 52-60 pw, ‘ 57 mw.

Proportion of length to breadth about 20 to 1.

Distance of vulva from anterior end, average 895 y, i. e.

about two-thirds of total length from anterior end.

Males.— Length from 950-1240 pw, average 1090 p.

Breadth ,, 388-524, ; 44 py,

Proportion of length to breadth about 24 to 1.

Spicules, greatest distance from bifid tip to swollen head

52-55 pw.

Accessory piece, length 25-28 yu.

The head-end is alike in both sexes, so I will deal with

this first and then proceed to the sexual differences,

302 Dr. T. Goodey on the

The anterior end is trunéated as in A. ludwigit (Man), not

rounded as in A. acedi, and the mouth-aperture is wide, not

very narrow as in A. aceti. It is surrounded by six rounded

lips, and there appear to be no oral papillee such as are found

in A. ludwigtt.

HUUHNNTENOBOOULNDANQUIQRDCQUnNNwONH0

MTT

THA

MUTA

cil

Anguillula rediviva. Head-end.

Ex.p.=excretory pore; J.=intestine; M.=mouth; N.r.=nerve-ring.

The mouth leads into a simple buccal cavity, the walls of

which appear, in optical section, to bear slight lateral thick-

enings. There are no teeth or tooth-like processes as in

A. aceti, even when the worms are examined under the oil-

SE ———

Eel-worm in Paper-hangers’ Paste. 303

immersion. ‘The buccal cavity narrows quite sharply and

leads into the straight narrow tube which traverses the length

of the muscular cesophagus, and, after passing through the

bulb, opens into the intestine.

The cesophagus is divided into three parts—the long, some-

what fusiform first portion, followed by a shorter neck or

constricted portion, which is succeeded by the bulb.

In the muscular walls of the first two parts there are thin

euticular sheets or lines, which are split anteriorly and seem

to serve as supports or attachments for the musculature.

The valvular apparatus of the bulb is well developed, and

consists of three processes which are corrugated on their

anterior surfaces and are supported by the muscles of the

bulb.

The excretory pore opens ventrally in the region of the

constricted part of the cesophagus.

Anyuillula rediviva. Portion of female.

Z.=intestine ; Ov.=ovarium; U.=uterus V.=vulva,

A nerve-ring is present and lies across the cesophagus,

generally quite close to the bulb, but sometimes it is to be

found much further forward,

The cuticle is very finely striated, the striz being visible

under an oil-immersion lens, and lateral lines are present.

The body-cavity and intestinal walls are generally densely

filled with large and small globules of some kind of fat-like

substance, probably a reserve food-material.

Female Reproductive System.—Vhis, in mature specimens,

is practically a tubular uterus in which the eggs develop

into embryos, the species being viviparous. ‘lhe ovary is

304 Dr. T. Goodey on the

comparatively small and lies anterior to the uterus. It con-

sists of a rachis of cells, which is frequently bent backwards

on itself for a short distance, and does not, as a rule, extend

as far forwards as the cesophagus.

There is a post-vulval sac or ovarium, as in A, aceét and

A. ludwigii., The vulva and vagina call for more detailed

Fig. 3.

A. Anguillula rediviva. Tail-end of male.

B. Anguillula aceti, Tail-end of male (after Man).

A.p.=accessory piece; J.=intestine; S.d.=sperm-duct; Sp.=spicule.

description. The vagina consists of a narrow chamber lying

between the uterus proper and the ovarium. Its walls are

lined with thick cuticular material, which is supported by a

stout musculature. The main part of the chamber lies in the

Eel-worm in Paper-hangers’ Paste. 305

long axis of the worm, and leads anteriorly into the uterus,

whilst the narrow passage to the ovarium is given off dorsally

halfway down the length of the vagina. The vulva opens on

the ventral surface of the body and has slightly protruberant

cuticular lips. ‘The vagina leads to this by bending postero-

laterally, and at the angle of the bend the ventral wall of the

chamber is indented into a pronounced notch, into which fits

a corresponding thickening of the postero-dorsal wall.

The whole structure is similar in essentials to that figured

by Man (8) for A. ludwigit, though it differs slightly from it

in details.

Male.—The posterior end of the male worms is always

bent ventially, and is attenuated to a finely pointed tail.

There are five pairs of small papillee on the cuticle in this

region, two pairs being preanal and three pairs postanal as in

A. acet?, but they are rather differently situated relatively to

one another from those of A. acett. Of the preanal ones, one

pair lies very close to the anus, whilst the other pair is placed

much further forward some little distance in front of the

anterior ends of the spicules. Two pairs of the postanal

papille are ventral and occur a short distance behind the

anus. They vary slightly in their proximity to each other,

sometimes lying quite close to, and in other cases being

separated fairly well from, each other.

The third pair lies dorsally still further behind the last pair

of ventral ones at tle point where the tail begins to taper

rather sharply.

Reproductive System.—The genital opening is situated on

a well-marked prominence which also carries the anus—in

fact, the rectum and the genital duct appear to possess a

common opening to the exterior. ‘he posterior portion of

the sperm-duct has a vacuolate appearance, as shown in

fig. 3. The testis consists of a solid core of cells extending

forwards in the body, and is frequently bent backwards on

itself for a short distance like the ovary.

The spicules are well developed and very different in shape

from those of A. aceti. Each spicule is shaped like a club,

the shaft representing the handle and the expanded anterior

end the head of the club. Besides being broader than the

main part of the spicule, the head-end curves backwards in

the form of a hook, and the whole head is flexed ventrally,

not dorsally as in A. acet?. ‘The dorsal wall of each spicule

is raised into a well-marked ridge, which gradually unites

with the edge as the spicule narrows and approaches the

posterior end. The ventral edge is also raised up into a

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. x. 21

306 On the Eel-worm in Paper-hangers’ Paste.

process just where the spicule swells into the head, and this

process is connected by a ridge with the front wall of the

head, which carries a lip-shaped process on its anterior edge.

The posterior end of each spicule is bifid, like a pair of

pincers. ‘There is what appears to be a wing-like expansion

attached, in the greatest part of its length, to the ventral

edge of the spicule. It also appears to extend round the

posterior end, and can be seen when the spicules are extruded.

It is very transparent, and its attachments and limits are very

difficult to make out with certainty. The accessory piece is

Fig. 4.

A. Anguillula rediviva. Spicule and accessory piece, much enlarged.

B. Anguillula aceti. Spicule and accessory piece, much enlarged (after

Man).

shaped something like the keel of a boat, and does not appear

to have a dorsal expansion like that of the accessory piece of

A. acett.

Habitat.—Vhe worms occur in sour paper-hangers’ paste,

and can be grown successfully in flour-paste mixtures inocu-

lated with some of the original paste.

In this paper I do not propose to say anything on the

biology of the worms; but the subject is under investigation,

and results will be published in due course.

A new Hedgehog from Aden. 307

REFERENCES.

(1) Apams. (177].) ‘Micrographica Illustrata, or the Microscope

Explained. London.

(2) (1798.) ‘Essays on the Microscope.’ London.

(3) Baxer. (1743.) ‘The Microscope.’ Jondon.

(4) Basrtan. (1865,) ‘Monograph on the Anguillulide.’

(5) Dueks. (1826.) Ann. des Sci, Nat. ix. p. 225, tab. xlvii. & xlviu.

(6) Dusarprn. (1845.) Hist. Nat. des Helminthes, p.°243.

(7) Hooxr. (1780.) ‘Microscopic Observations.’ London,

(8) Man, J. G. pr. (1910.) “ Beitriige z. Kennt. der im dem weissen

Schleimfluss der Eichen lebenden Anguilluliden.” Zool, Jahr-

biicher (Systematik, xxix. (Jena) pp. 359-394),

(9) OrrtEy. (1880.) ‘Monographie der Anguilluliden.’

(10) ScunErpER. (1866.) ‘Monographie der Nematoden.’

(11) Strives & Hassatt. (1905.) “The Determination of Generic

OO U.S. Department of Agriculture.” Bureau of Animal

Industry, Bull. 79.

(1920.) ‘Index Catalogue of Medical and Veterinary

Zoology. Nematodes ete.” Hygienic Laboratory, Bull. 104.

(12)

XL.—A new Hedgehog from Aden.

By OLDFIELD ‘THOMAS.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

AMONG some small mammals from the neighbourhood of

Aden presented to the National Museum by Col. R. Meinertz-

hagen there occurs a small black hedgehog, which it seemed

natural to suppose would be the black animal—Paraechinus

niger sabceus—only recently described by me from that part

of Arabia. But on studying its skull I find that it is entirely

different, and apparently more nearly allied either to the

P. dorsalis group or to the Indian P, micropus.

It may be called

Paraechinus oniscus, sp, 0.

Size small. Spines of average length, on the centre of the

back about 24-25 mm. long. General colour black, the

spines of the back black at base and tip, with two dull

whitish rings on them—subbasal and subterminal,—but these

are so much hidden as scarcely to affect the general colour ;

spines on sides with minute and inconspicuous pale tips.

Whole of under surface, from chin to anus, uniformly smoky

308 A{new Hedgehog from Aden.

black. Face blackish, with irregular whitish markings over

the eyes and at the base of the ears. Lars of medium size,

their hairs blackish outside and whitish in. Hands, feet,

and the short tail wholly black.

Skull small, about as in P. micropus or niger seniculus,

broad and stoutly built behind, quite unlike the long narrow

skull of the P. niger group, more as in P, micropus, Ptery-

goid region constructed essentially asin P. micropus, but with

a tendency towards the greater pesterior spreading and infla-

tion found in the extreme large-bulla section of the genus

(dersalis and allies) ; thus, while the least breadth across the

choanz outside is less than in mieropus (5°4 mm.), the breadth

across the posterior external notches of the pterygoids is

double this breadth (11 mm.), while in micropus the two

breadths are subequal. Mesopterygoid fossa narrow, parallel-

sided, longer than in micropus; the shelf in front of it

narrow. Bullee in size about as in micropus, conspicuously

smaller than in dorsalis and the large-bulla species of the

genus,

Teeth about as in micropus, with the same reduction and

crushing-in of 7? and p*.

Dimensions of the type (measured on skin) :—

Head and body (c.) 155 mm.; tail 16; hind foot 27.

Skull: condylo-basal length 44; zygomatic breadth 27°5 ;

interorbital breadth 12°7 ; intertemporal breadth 10°8; palatal

length 24; breadth of mesopterygoid fossa 2°8 ; length of

bulla 8°3; combined length of p* and two anterior molars 10°7.

Hab. (of type). Fayusb, 7 miles north of Sheikh Othman,

near Aden.

Type. Adult female. B.M, no. 22.8.9.2. Collected 21st

March, 1922, and presented by Col. R. Meinertzhagen,

D.S.O.

This highly interesting little hedgehog is, on the whole,

confirmatory of the view that the small-bulla and the large-

bulla groups of Paraechinus should not be subgenerically

separated, for while it has quite small bulle, as in the one

group, it has a marked tendency to the more spreading and

inflated pterygoids of the other. On the whole, its skull is

most like that of P. micropus, but the difference in its ptery-

goids and its totally different external coloration give rise to

some doubt as to whether it is really most nearly allied to

that species, or whether it is rather a small-bulla relative of

the species with extra large bulla, such as P. dorsalis, But,

in any case, it is an exceedingly distinct species, whose

discovery near Aden is very unexpected. .

THE ANNALS

MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY.

(NINTH SERLES.}

No. 58. OCTOBER 1922.

XLI.—Revision of the S. African Species of Dinometopus,

Troglops, Chalicorus, Colotes, Helcogaster, and the allied

Genera, with an Account of their accessory 3 -characters

[ Coleoptera}. By G. C. Cuaspion, F.Z.S.

[Plates 1V.-VI_}

Tuts paper is in continuation of the one on Ebeus, Er.,

published in the last volume of the ‘Annals.’ It gives an

account of the remaining genera of Malachiinz represented

in S. Africa. The Dasytine (including various insects

described as Malachiids) have been dealt with in a separate

article, which will be issued later. The material examined

is from the same sources. The ¢ -characters of Dinumetopus,

Troglops, ete.. are homologous with those found in

Hedybius and its allies; but in Sphinginopalpus, Colotes,

etc., the development is trausferred to the. maxillary palpi..

Dr. Marshall’s collection is very rich in these insects, mostly

collected by himself, and Dr. Péringuey has forwarded

various interesting forms. With one exception, a Troglops

from Nyasaland, all the species studied are from Rhodesia,

Natal, or S. Africa. The E. African forms named by Pic

in 1919 (Meélanges exot.-entom. xxxi. pp. 4-9) are there-

fore not likely to be synonymous with any of those here

enumerated.

. Aun. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. x. 22

—{

310 Mr. G. C. Champion on

Dinomerorvus.

Dinometopus, Gorham, Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) v. p. 76 (1900).

This genus includes a few S. African ‘f 7roglops” with

simple 5-jointed anterior tarsi in g. The type, g, is

D. natalensis, Gorh. (= Hedybius cavifrons, Boh., and Chali-

corus ferox, Ab.). The apterous ? ¢ resemble those of the

Palearctic genus Charopus, and two of them have, in con-

sequence, been described under different generic names. The

3 3g of D. albonotatus, Pic, are dimorphic, and the ? ?

here referred to D. cavifrons have immaculate elytra.

do.

1 (6). Elytral markings extending along whole or part of

outer margin.

2 (8). Elytra with the marginal streak complete; epi-

stoma with a sulcate triangular plate behind

the epistoma, the cephalic cavity bimaculate in

LODE Gc v es oe a See ee ee ee fe een Species 1.

3 (2). Elytra with the marginal streak incomplete.

4 (5), Epistoma flat, with a transverse plate behind, the

cephalic cavity not divided .........62.ece00. Species 2.

. Epistoma excavate, without plate behind, the

cephalic cavity transversely suleate .......... Species 3.

. Elytral markings wanting along the outer margins.

(10). Elytra narrowly bifasciate, the submedian fascia

interrupted at suture, the other apical.

(9): Sipistoma flattened! fhe: <.i. antee stele cee sic Species 4.

. Epistoma excavate: Tove ta,..5 aes «qos eee Species 5.

(7). Elytra with three transversely-placed spots—one

common (sutural), the others lateral; cephalic

cavity foveate and tuberculate ............%. Species 6,

—_-~

~—

be o>)

—

oom

—

1. Dinometopus cavifrons. (PI. IV. fig. 1, head, 3.)

6. Hedybius cavifrons, Boh. Ins. Caffraria, i. 2, p. 468 (1851)’.

¢. Dinometopus natalensis, Gorh. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) v.

p- 76 (Jan. 1900) *.

3. Chalicorus ferox, Ab. Rev. d’Ent. xix. pp. 163, 169 (Sept. 1900) *.

©. Charopus brachypterus, Boh. loc, cit. p. 472+.

2. Anexodes albicauda, Ab. loc. cit. pp. 163, 164’.

¢. Black or brassy black, the basal joints of the antennz

in great part (except 1 above), the head (except two spots

in the frontal cavity and the extreme base), and the elytra

with a transverse median patch on the outer part of the disc

and the apex narrowly, these markings connected by a

uarrow marginal stripe (which extends forwards around the

humeri), flavous or testaceous ; autenne long, filiform ; head

with a snbtriangular, deeply sulcate, deflexed lamella ex-

teuding backward from the epistorza over the anterior portion

the S, African Species of Dinometopus, &e. 311

of the frontal cavity, the cavity itself broad, deep, bimaculate

in front, bisinuate behind, the margins dentate before the

eyes ; elytra parallel ; wings fully developed.

?. Head and elytra black or brassy black, the latter with

at most the extreme apical margin testaceous ; elytra more

or less abbreviated, leaving 3 or 4 abdominal segments

exposed, much widened or inflated posteriorly ; wings

wanting; the vestiture of the upper surface a little longer.

Length 23-3}mm. (¢ 2.)

Hab. S. Arnica: Limpopo’; Estcourt * and Frere, Natal‘;

Hamman’s Kraal, near Pretoria®; Vryburg, Bechuanaland’ ;

Salisbury, S. Rhodesia (Dr. Marshall); Bothaville, Orange

Free State (Dr. Brauns).

Males and females have been taken at Estcourt, Frere,

and Salisbury, and there can be little doubt that they belong

to one and the same species, the almost entirely black

elytra of the 9 notwithstanding. I have seen the types

of D. natalensis, C. ferox, and A. albicauda, the two first-

mentioned agreeing perfectly with the descriptions of

H. cavifrons, Boh., g. The insect named by Pie C. ferox,

var. festaceifrons, is specifically distinct. The basally con-

stricted prothorax and the filiform antennz separate D. cavi-

frons from the first section of Hedybius.

2. Dinometopus feroculus, sp.n. (PI. LV. fig. 2, head, ¢.)

3. Very like the same sex of D. cavifrons, Boh., and

D. testaceifrons, Pic:— Narrower and less shining, the punc-

turing excessively fine and close; black, the antennz with

the basal four or five joints, the head (except at the base),

and the anterior and intermediate tibiz, testaceous ; the

elytra each with a rather large rounded patch on the outer

part of the dise before the middle, extending narrowly for-

wards along the external margin to the base, and an apical

patch, flavous ; head with a broad, deep, simple, inter-ocular

excavation, the epistoma flattened and with a transverse

lamella in the centre behind it projecting over the anterior

portion of the cavity.

9. Smaller and less convex than D. festaceifrons, 9

(=croceomaculatus, Pic); the basal joints of the antennie

darker (1 black above); the head black ; the yellow markings

on the elytra smaller, the apical patch sometimes wanting,

the elytra themselves a little more shining than in ¢.

Length 2}-24mm. (d 9.)

Hab. 8. Arnica, Salisbury, 8. Rhodesia [ g 2], Frere,

Natal [ ? | (Dr. Marshall).

22°

312 Mr. G. C. Champion on

Four oo, 5 2 @, all but one from Salisbury. The

apterous ¢ 9 differ from those referred by me to D. cavifrons,

Boh., in their smaller size, the maculate elytra, and the

testaceous anterior and intermediate tibiz.

3. Dinometopus testaceifrons. (PI. IV. fig. 3, head, 3.)

do. Chalicornis ferox, Ab., ab. testaceifrons, Pic, L’Echange, xix.

p. 152 (1903)?.

2. Anexodes croceomaculatus, Pic, loc. cit. p. 1647.

¢. Smoother and more shining than D. cavifrons, Boh.

(=natalensis, Gorh., and ferov, Ab.), the elytra more sparsely

punctured aud with the flavous markings larger, the trans-

verse median patch on the outer part of the disc not con-

nected laterally with the apical spot, extending forwards

along the outer margin to the base; the basal joint of the

antennze wholly testaceous; the head flavo-testaceous,

except at the extreme base, the frontal cavity large and

deep, divided across the middle by a transverse sulcus and

limited on each side behind by an oblique tumid ridge, the

two ridges not meeting on the median line, the backwardly

projecting subtriangular lamella wanting in front; the tibie

partly testaceous.

9. Larger and more convex, the head black, the elytra

much widened behind, oval, leaving three abdominal seg-

ments exposed, each elytron with two flavous spots—one on

the disc below the base, large, the other smaller, apical.

Length 23-34 mm. (¢ 2.)

Hab. 8. Arnica, Dunbrody*? (Mus. Brit.; Mus. Cape

Town), Algoa Bay [ 2? |, Sunday River [ ¢ ] (Dr. Brauns).

Two g gd and two 92 ¢ seen, including a pair from the

type-locality. Specimens of it were found with Yermes

unidentaius, Wasm., by Father O’ Neil.

4. Dinometopus albonotatus. (P\. IV. fig. 4, head, g.)

Dinometopus albonotatus, Pic, L’Echange, xxii. p. 2 (¢) (1906)’.

6. Elongate, very narrow, moderately shining, very finely

pubescent ; black, the elytra and abdomen with long, erect,

intermixed black set, the antennal joints 1-4 beneath or in

part, the head (except the fovez in the frontal cavity and the

base), and the anterior tarsi in part, testaceous or flavo-

testaceous, the elytra with a transverse ante-median fascia

(not reaching the suture) and the apical margin whitish or

flavous ; the upper surface extremely finely punctured.

Head large, much broader than the prothorax, flattened in

the S. African Species of Dinometopus, Se. 313

front, with a deep, foveate, transverse, trapezoidal, inter-

ocular excavation, in the centre of which anteriorly is an

erect trifid prominence; antenn very long, filiform, Pro-

thorax elongate, constricted and much narrowed behind,

convex anteriorly, depressed towards the base, the base itself

raised, Klytra narrow, a little longer than the head and

prothorax, depressed below the base. Legs long and slender,

Wings present.

?. Head much smaller, black, slightly depressed in the

middle; eyes smaller ; elytra about as long as the head and

prothorax, not longer than the exposed portion of the abdo-

men, much widened posteriorly ; wings wanting.

&. Form brachypt. Elytra short, as in 2? , but much less

dilated; wings wanting.

Length 2;4-3)) mm. (¢ ?.)

Hab. S. Arnica, Camps Bay, Ceres (R. E. Turner: 2 ),

Table Mt. (IV. Bevins, K. H. Barnard), Rhodesia (K. H. Bar-

nard), Stellenbosch and Koeberg (Mus. Cape Town: 3 2),

Port Elizabeth *.

Twelve examples seen, one of the ¢ 2? having the elytra

almost immaculate. The brachypterous forms, ¢ ?, super-

ficially resemble the European Afelestus brevipennis, Cast.

(=hemipterus, lir.).

5. Dinometopus peringueyi, sp.n. (PI. 1V. fig. 5, head, 3.)

3g. Extremely like D. albonotatus, Pic, differing as fol-

lows: Head with the deep inter-ocular excavation less

extended laterally, the fovew within it larger and immaculate,

one of them extending forward to near the anterior

margin of the epistoma (the latter broadly flattened in

D. albonotatus), the trifid prominence wanting, tlhe vertex

with a short median carina; prothorax smoother and more

shining, more strougly constricted behind, the short basal

portion parallel-sided, the base itself bituberculate ; elytra

with a transverse flavous patch at the sides before the

middle, the apex immaculate.

Length 24 mm.

Hab. 8. Arnica, Rondebosch (Mus. Cape Town).

Oue g¢, communicated by Dr. Péringuey.

6. Dinometopus diversifrons. (P1. LV. fig. 6, head, ¢.)

Dinometopus (?) diversifrons, Pic, L’Echange, xix. p. 178 (dg) (1903)'.

6. Elongate, very narrow, shining, almost glabrous ;

black, the antennal joints 1-4 and the head (the numerous

314 Mr. G. C. Champion on

fover in the frontal cavity and a space behind the eyes

excepted) testaceous, the elytra with three transversely

placed white spots below the base—one small, common, on

the suture, the two others larger, triangular, external; the

surface sparsely, obsoletely punctulate. Head with a multi-

foveate triangular excavation behind the smooth, sub-

triangular, concave anterior portion, the depressed inter-

ocular space with a small prominence in the middle

posteriorly ; antenne long, slender, filiform. Prothorax

elongate, narrow, strongly constricted and transversely

excavate below the base. “Blytra long, widened posteriorly,

deeply excavate below the base. Legs very slender.

Length 2} mm.

Hab. S. Arrica, Dunbrody* (O’Nei/).

There is a ¢ of this species i Dr. Marshall’s collection.

The elytra are marked as in the insect named by Abeille

de Perrin Chalicorus triguttatus.

TROGLOPs.

Troglops, Evichson, Entomographien, p. 125 (1840).

Trauylops (emend.), Abeille de Perrin, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr, 1890,

pp. 205, 225.

Callotrauglops, Abeille de Perrin, /oc. cit. pp. 205, 220.

Calotroglops (emend.), Abeille de Perrin, op. cit. 1891, pp. 406, 409.

The collections before me contain eight S. or E. African

forms agreeing very uearly with Erichson’s definition of

Troglops; some of them belong to Calotroglops, Ab., which

was based upon four species with maculate elytra, and the

elytra themselves incompletely covering the abdomen in the

? , characters of no importance. The insects here noticed

have, in the g sex, the anterior tarsi 4-jointed (joint 1 being

greatly elongated and dentate at the tip in 7. donckieri, Pic) ;

the antenne filiform or tapering, joints 1 and 2 or 1-4

thickened in certain species, and 3 much longer than 2, and

sometimes compressed; the head large, with deep frontal

cavity ; the prcthorax more or less elongate, constricted

towards the base; and the elytra simple. The ? 9 of four

of the S. African species have been obtained, three being

apterous (two dimorphic) and one fully winged. The eyes

in g are Jess prominent than in Chalicorus. ‘Two E. African

Troglops have been named by Pic. The Abyssinian T. mega-

cephalus, Roth (1851), of which there is a male in the

British Museum, is synonymous with Hedybius formosus,

Reiche (1849); 7. luteus, Roth=H. lividus, Gorh. (1883) ;

and 1’. signatus, Roth, is almost certainly a variety of

H. limbatipennis, Pic (1914).

the 8. African Species of Dinometopus, &e. 315

1 (8). Elytra maculate or fasciate laterally ; head flavous

or testaceous, except at base.

2 (3), Anterior tarsal joint | very elongate, dentate at tip,

2 and 3 short; cephalic cavity very broad; pro-

thorax angulate at sides in front; body shining. Species 1.

5 (2). Anterior tarsal joint 1 simple, longer than 2.

4 (5). Prothorax dentate at sides; cephalic cavity broad ;

body shining: species small .............40. Species 2.

® (4). Prothorax angulate or not at sides ; cephalic cavity

extending backwards in the middle behind ; body

opaque : species larger, more elongate.

6 (7). Cephalic cavity with a transverse, central, erect

lamella; prothorax angulate laterally ........ Species 3.

. Cephalic cavity with a tuberculiform prominence

behind the epistoma; prothorax not angulate

MO Beira Bee Abies wane Ge wiae.a $e a Species 4.

(1). Elytra immaculate ; body subopaque.

(10). Head black, epistoma tricornute, frontal cavity

broad ; antennal joints 1 and 2 widened, the

RERUN 6. dace aint «dow 's vo dad + sca Species 5,

10 (9). Head rufescent, testaceous, or flavous, except at

base.

11 (14). Antenne filiform; elytra not metallic.

12 (13). Antennal joints 1-4 widened; cephalic cavity

—

oie 4)

Res pa cate a 8.0in bad a sie de Fe rik Species 6,

13 (12). Antennal joint 1 only widened; cephalic cavity

ROMER Adie Avista en, ha do xo sne Weld ¢.0's cok xr ois Species 7.

14 (11). Antenne tapering outwards, joints 4-7 widened;

cephalic cavity broad; prothorax rufous, trape-

moiGals, Glytracmotallion o/0 den stae oat we op aimless Species 8.

1. Troglops donckieri. (Pi. 1V. fig. 7, head, g.)

Dinometopus donckteri, Pic, L’Echange, xxii. p. 2 (¢) (1906)".

¢. Elongate, very narrow, shining, sparsely pubescent,

with a few long erect hairs intermixed; nigro-piceous or

black, the antennz, the palpi in part, the head (except on

each side at the base), the anterior and basal margins of the

prothorax, aud the anterior and intermediate legs (the femora

wholly or in part excepted) testaceous ; the elytra with the

humeri in front and a transverse fascia on the outer part of

the dise below the base whitish or flavous; the surface-

puncturing sparse and extremely fine. Head triangular,

very large, wider than the prothorax, the frontal excava-

tion deep, broad, with a slender erect horn in the centre

anteriorly, the posterior wall of the cavity quadridentate, the

epistoma narrow, triangular, convex along the middle, notched

in front ; eyes prominent, large, convex ; antennz filiform,

very long, comparatively stout, joint 3 as long as 4. Pro-

thorax elongate, very convex on the disc, angularly dilated

316 Mr. G. C. Champion on

and obliquely excavate at the sides anteriorly, and rapidly

narrowed thence to the base. Elytra subparallel, rather

long, transversely depressed below the base, the humeri

tumid. Legs very long and slender; anterior tarsi 4-jointed,

joint 1 as long as 2—4 united, produced into a long oblique

tooth at the apex within, 2 and 3 short.

9. Head and prothorax (the basal margin of the latter

excepted) black or obscurely rufescent, the antenne infus-

cate towards the apex, shorter and more slender than in ¢;

head and eyes smaller; prothorax rounded at the sides

anteriorly; elytra more or less inflated posteriorly, as long

as in @, not quite covering the abdomen ; wings wanting.

Length 2,,-23mm. (¢ ?.)

Hab. S. Arnica, Stellenbosch, Constantia, Strand, Tulbagh,

Cape Colony (Mus. Cape Town: $ 3), Table Mt. (R. E.

Turner: 2), Port Elizabeth °.

Numerous ¢ ¢ and @ @ seen, including a pair found in

copula by Dr. Purcell. The tarsal structure was not men-

tioned by Pic. The 2 2 are dimorphic as in those of

T. cicindeloides, some of them having the elytra strongly

inflated towards the apex ; they are very like the same sex of

Sphinginopalpus, differing in the shorter head and the less

elongate first antennal joint.

2. Troglops bigutiatus. (PI. LV. fig. 8, head, 3.)

Q. Charopus biguttatus, Redt. Reise Novara, ii. p. 106 (1867) ?

3. Elongate, narrow, shining, sparsely pubescent ; black,

the autennze at the base or almost wholly, the head (except

at the base), the basal margin at the prothorax, and the

anterior and intermediate legs in part, testaceous, the elytra

with a suturally-interrupted, outwardly-widened, whitish or

flavescent fascia before the middle; the prothorax and elytra

very finely, closely punctate. Head subtriangular, broader

than the prothorax, the frontal excavation transverse, deep,

and with a short, horn-like prominence in the centre

anteriorly and an oblique one on each side of it in front,

the epistoma also deeply excavate down the middle, the

lateral portions tlius appearing tumid ; antenna long, filiform,

joint 3 as long as 4, compressed, slightly widened. Pro-

thorax elongate, feebly dentate laterally at about the middle

and constricted and rapidly narrowed thence to the base,

the disc flattened posteriorly. Elytra moderately elongate,

slightly widened towards the apex, depressed below the base.

Anterior tarsi 4-jointed, 1 simple, as long as 2 and 3

united,

the S. African Species of Dinometopus, cc. 317

9. Head and antenne (joints 1-4 excepted) black ; pro-

thorax not angulate laterally ; elytra much widened pos-

teriorly, income ploray covering the abdomen ; wings wanting.

Length 1!-2mm. (¢ 2. y

Hab. S. Arnica, Cape of Good Hope (ype), Table Mt.

(W. Bevins), Camps Bay (R. FE. Turner: 9.x.1920: 3 2);

Cape Town (L. Péringuey : 1897: 2). °

Four gg, two 2? ? seen. Smaller than Dinometopus

albonotatus, Pic, the elytra with a similar whitish ante-median

fascia, the apical margin black ; the g with 4-jointed anterior

tarsi, the anterior portion of the head differently shaped,

the prothorax (as in certain Kuropean Troglops) angulate

laterally. ‘The fourth joint of the maxillary palpi is rather

slender, obliquely truncated at thetip. Charopus biguttatus,

Redt., from S. Africa, a name omitted from the ‘ Munich

Catalogue,’ seems to have been based upon a @? of this

species ; the type, Dr. Holdhaus informs me, cannot be found

in the Vienna Museum.

3. Troglops cicindeloides,sp.n. (PI. 1V. fig.9, head, ¢.)

3. Very elongate, narrow, rather convex, opaque, finely

cinereo-pubescent ; black, the basal half of the antenna, the

front of the head (two small spots on the frontal plate ex-

cepted, the black basal portion bilobed anteriorly), the ante-

rior and intermediate tibiz, and the tarsi in great part or

eutirely, testaceous ; the proth orax with a short triangular

or transverse space at the base, and the elytra with an

externally-widened, ante-median fascia on the outer part of

the disc, whitish or flavescent ; the upper surface densely,

very finely, rugulosely punctured, Head broader than the

prothorax, the frontal excavation deep, transverse, extending

backwards triangularly in the middle behind, and with

a transverse, erect, bimaculate lamella in the ceutre,

the epistoma triangular, sulcate down the middle, and

angulate and ciliate posteriorly ; eyes large; antenne long,

filiform, joit 3 compressed, hollowed on its inner aspect,

as long as 4. Prothorax very elongate, uarrowed and con-

stricted towards the base, the sides subangulate at a little

before the middle, the dis -e flattened posteriorly. Elytra

elongate, parallel. Anterior tarsi 4-jointed, joints 1 and 2

elongate, 1 longer than 2.

2. Head black, flattened ; antenne shorter ; prothorax

piriform ; elytra widened posteriorly ; wings wanting.

Var. 2. Less elongate, the prothorax immaculate, the

basal joint of the antenng: sometimes infuscate above,

the elytra shorter and more dilated posteriorly.

318 Mr. G. C. Champion on

Length 24-3} mm. (3 ?.)

Hab. S. Arnica, Salisbury, S. Rhodesia (Dr. G. A. K.

Marshall: xii. 1893, xii. 1894, 1. 1. 1895, 1. xii. 1898).

Four ¢ ¢, twelve ? 9 seen, three of the latter belonging

to the variety. A very elongate, narrow, opaque, albo-

maculate insect, with peculiarly formed head and antenne

in ¢,the 2 2 apterous and dimorphic.

4, Troglops neavei, sp.n. (PI. IV. fig. 10, head, 3.)

g. Very like T. cicindeloides, 3 , and differing as follows:—

Antennal joints 1-4 only testaceous, the head with two

transverse black marks immediately behind the epistoma, the

prothorax and legs (the apices of the anterior femora and

tibiz excepted) black, the whitish elytral fascia scarcely

widened outwards ; head with the anterior portion narrower,

the very deep, transverse, backwardly-producel frontal ex-

cavation interrupted in the middle immediately behind the

suleate epistoma by a tuberculiform prominence (this being

represented in 7. cicindeloides by a transverse lamella placed

at some distance behind the epistoma) ; antennal joint 3

compressed, curved, as long as 4; prothorax very elongate,

without lateral angulation ; anterior tarsi as in 7. cicin-

deloides.

Length 3 mm.

Hab. ©. Arrica, Mianji Boma, Nyasaland, alt. 2400 ft.

(S. A. Neave: iv. 1910).

One male, the species representing 7’. cicindeloides in

Nyasaland.

5. Troglops tricornutus, sp. n.

(PI. Ty. fig.11, head in profile, ¢ .)

¢. Elongate, very narrow, subopaque, finely cinereo-

pubescent ; black, joints 1-5 of the antenne (the inner half

of 1 excepted) testaceous ; the puncturing of the upper sur-

face very fine and close. Head wider than the prothorax,

the inter-ocular cavity deep, arcuate, the epistoma triangular,

raised on each side into a stout, obtuse, horn-like prominence,

each of which is foveate above, the space between the

elevations appearing sulcate and limited behind by a

prominent tubercle ; antenne long, joint 1 dilated, concave

in its outer half above, angulate externally, 2 also widened,

as long as 3, 8-5 increasing in length, 5-11 filiform, elongate.

Prothorax elongate, constricted and narrowed posteriorly,

feebly, transversely depressed before the base. LElytra

the S. African Species of Dinometopus, cc. 319

elongate, a little widened towards the apex. Anterior tarsi

4-jointed, 1 aud 2 elongate, 1 longer than 2, 3 short.

Length 2} mm.

Hab. 8. Arnica, Salisbury, S. Rhodesia (Dr. Marshall ;

iii, 1900).

One male. Separable from the same sex of its allies by

the wholly black head, with rather long, bi-cornute epistoma,

and the dilated first and second joints of the antenne.

6. Troglops nodosicornis, sp. n.

(Pl. LV. figs. 12, head, 12a, antenna, ¢.)

6. Elongate,narrow, subopaque, finely cinereo- pubescent;

leaden-black, the head (an anteriorly angulate space at the

base excepted), the antennal joints 1-5, the anterior and

intermediate legs (the femora excepted), and the bases of the

posterior tibize, flavous or testaceous; the puncturing of the

upper surface very fine and close. Head large, much broader

than the prothorax, transverse, the frontal excavation tri-

angular, deep, impinged upon anteriorly by the raised,

Y-shaped, backward extension of the epistoma, the latter

trifoveate, the central fovea rounded, deep, the others trans-

verse ; antennze long, joints 1-4 thickened, 2 short, 3 concave

and as long as 4, 4 nodose, hollowed at the base, 5-11 filiform.

Prothorax longer than broad, somewhat oval, narrowed

posteriorly, almost unimpressed on the disc. Elytra mode-

rately long, a little widened towards the apex. Anterior tarsi

4—jointed, 1 and 2 elongate, 1 longer than 2, 3 short.

Length 2! mm.

Hah, 8. Arnica, Salisbury, 8S. Rhodesia (Dr. Marshall :

li. 1898).

One male. Broader and a little less elongate than 7. plum-

beus, 8; the antennal joints 1-4 thickened, 3 concave

and 4 nodose; the head very differently shaped; the pro-

thorax almost unimpressed,

7. Troglops plumbeus, sp.n. (PI. 1V. fig. 13, head, ¢.)

4. Elongate, very narrow, subopaque, very finely cinereo-

pubescent ; leaden-black, the head (except at the base), the

antennal joints 1-4 (a black streak on the outer edge of

1 excepted), and anterior tibiz, flavous or testaceous; the

puncturing of the upper surface extremely fine and close.

Head large, broader than the prothorax, angulate at the sides

anteriorly, the frontal cavity deep, subquadrate, and with a

compressed, horn-like prominence behind the epistoma, the

latter suleate down the middle and bidentate in front ;

320 Mr. G. C. Champion on

antenne long, joint 1 stout, 2-11 slender, filiform, 3 curved,

as long as 4. Prothorax elongate, constricted and much

narrowed posteriorly, transversely depressed before the base.

Elytra elongate, slightly widened towards the apex, not quite

covering the abdomen, feebly transversely depressed below

the base. Legs very slender, long; anterior tarsi 4-jointed,

1 and 2 elongate, 1 longer than 2, 3 short.

Length 2-2) mm.

Hab. 8. Arnica, Salisbury, S. Rhodesia (Dr. G. A. K,.

Marshall: xii. 1898, iii. 1902).

Three males, one imperfect. This insect is one of three

small, subopaque, closely allied, plumbeous forms with

immaculate elytra captured by Dr. Marshall at Salisbury,

the males differing greatly inter se in the structure of the

head and antennz, the flavous portion of the head being

subquadrate in the present species. The general shape is

that of a Cicindela.

8. Troglops semiceruleus, sp. n.

(Pl. IV. fig. 14, head, 3.)

3. Elongate, opaque, finely cinereo-pubescent ; head

(except the eyes and at the base, and within the two curved

sulci behind the epistoma in one specimen), antenne (except

joints 4-9 or 5-9, which are black), prothorax, tarsi, and the

anterior and intermediate femora in part, testaceous or rufo-

testaceous, the rest of the legs black, the scutellum, elytra,

metasternum, and abdomen nigro-czruleous ; head and pro-

thorax finely rugulose, the elytra closely punctulate. Head

large, subtriangular, wider than the prothorax, the inter-

ocular cavity broad, deep, arcuate, limited in front by the

comparatively large, flattened, trapezoidal epistoma, which

is notched in the middle behind and foveate on either side

of this, the large cavity bordered anteriorly by two curved

sulci which are separated in the middle by a small promi-

nence ; antenne long, the blackened joints 4—7 more or less

dilated, wider than those following, 3 as long as 4. Prothorax

barely as long as broad, trapezoidal, angulate in front and

also at and behind the anterior angles, narrowed and con-

stricted posteriorly, the sides subparallel anteriorly, the disc

couvex and almost unimpressed. Elytra Jong, about as wide

as the head, subparallel, obliquely depressed on the dise

below the base. Anterior tarsi 4-jointed, 1 simple, nearly

as long as 2 and 3 united, 3 shorter than 2.

2. Head black, flattened; antennz shorter and more

slender, subfiliform, joint 1 uigro-maculate above ; pro-

thorax narrower, as long as broad, less dilated in front, the

—

the S. African Species of Dinometopus, de. 321

auterior margin rounded and the angles obtuse, the lateral

margins without angular dilatation; elytra and wings as

in ¢.

Length 24-28 mm. (¢ 9.)

Hab. 8. Arnica, Bulawayo [xii. 1903: ¢ 3 ], Salisbury

[ii. 1906: g] (Dr. G. A. K. Marshall).

Two gg, one 2. A very different insect from any

S. African species kuown to me, the general facies being

that of a large Xy/ophilus. Both sexes are fully winged

and have similarly sha;ed elytra. The cephalic cavity is

finely pubescent within,

CHALIcorvs.

Chalicorus, Erichson, Entomographien, p. 124 (1840) [type C. vinula. Er. ].

Antenne 11-jointed, long, filiform, joints 2 and 3 short,

subequal; head in ¢ short, broad, triangular, excavate

anteriorly and with a horn-lke prominence or lamella

behind the epistoma, the eyes very prominent in the same

sex; terminal joint of maxillary palpi oblong, stout, obliquely

truncate at tip ; prothorax elongate, constricted posteriorly,

the anterior portion very convex; elytra simple, incompletely

covering the abdomen in both sexes in C, vinula ; anterior

tarsi simple, 5-jointed in both sexes, 1-4 gradully decreasing

in length; wingsin wanting (C. vinula) or fully developed.

This genus is here restricted to C. vinula and two allied

S. African forms with a gibbous prothorax. ‘The species

referred to it by Boheman, Abeille de Perrin, and Gorham

belong elsewhere.

1. Chalicorus vinula. (PI. LV. figs. 15, 15 a, head

and prothorax, 15d, anteuna, ¢.)

3. Chalicorus vinula, Er. Entomographien, p. 126 (1840) '.

*‘ Niger, thorace rufo, elytris albo-bifasciatis ” (Hrichson).

3g. Head broad, transversely triangular, with a deep

arcuate frontal excavation, in the centre of which is a stout,

erect, truncate horn, the posterior border of the cavity

subdentate on each side as seen from above, the eyes small,

prominent ; antennue very elougate, filiform, joints 2 and 3

short, equal in length ; joimt 4 of maxillary rather stout,

obliquely truncate at tip; prothorax oblongo-cordate,

narrow, flattened, and parallel-sided at the base ; elytra long,

parallel, not wider than the head; anterior tarsi 5-jointed,

simple, joint 1 about as long as 2 and 3 united.

y. Head less transverse, flattened, the eyes not prominent;

322 Mr. G. C. Champion on

elytra long, much widened and inflated posteriorly, incom-

pletely covering the abdomen ; wings wanting.

Var. nigricollis, nov.—Prothorax black, the elytral fascise

narrower, the apical fascia wanting in one specimen, the legs

darker ; antennal joint 3 (fig. 154) more or less curved. (2 .)

Hab. S. Arnica, Simonstown, Cape Colony (K. H. Barnard,

in Mus. Brit.: 24.i1x.1911: ¢ 2? ), Cape Town * (Mus. Cape

Town: § ), Mossel Bay (R. E. Turner: vii. 19215; @, var.).

There are numerous 2 § of this insect in the Cape Town

Museum, and a pair of the type-form, and three ¢ ¢ of the

dark variety, in the British Museum. These latter agree

perfectly in the structure of the head with a typical g, and

they are therefore referred to the same species. LErichson’s

description was based upon a specimen of that sex. ‘The type

has two rather broad white fasciz on the elytra—one median,

not reaching the suture, the other extending along the apical

margin,— which are much narrower, and the apical one some-

times wanting, in the var. nigricollis.

2. Chalicorus jlavofasciatus, sp.n. (PI. IV. fig. 16,

head and prothorax in profile, 3.)

&. Elongate, rather narrow, shining, finely, very sparsely

pubescent ; brilliant cyaneous, the antenne (the testaceous

joints 2-4 excepted) and legs black, the elytra with a com-

plete, outwardly widened, testaceous submedian fascia ; the

surface-puncturing sparse and very fine. Head broad, trans-

versely triangular, suleate around the very prominent eyes

in front, and with a deep, arcuate, frontal excavation, in the

centre of which is a rounded, transverse, horn-like prominence

projecting backward from the epistoma ; antenne long,

filiform, rather stout, joints 2 and 3 short, broad, transversely

subquadrate, subequal in length. Prothorax elongate,

abruptly constricted and narrowed posteriorly, the anterior

portion strongly, longitudinally gibbous on the dise and

deeply sulcate laterally, the transverse basal groove also deep,

the base itself raised and obsoletely bituberculate. Elytra

widened posteriorly, at the base as broad as the head, deeply,

transversely depressed before the middle, and also hollowed

along the suture anteriorly, the apices conjointly rounded.

Anterior tarsi 5-jointed, joint 4 small.

Length 24 mm. '

Hab. S. Arnica, Saldanha Bay, Cape Colony (Mus. Cape

Town).

One male, readily known by its brilliant blue, shining

surface, the testaceo-unifasciate elytra, and the gibbous dise

pt semgy

the S. African Species of, Dinometopus, &e. 323

of the prothorax, the head formed very much as in the same

sex of C, vinula, Er, The elytra are more depressed below

the base than in that species and the legs are not so

slender,

3. Chalicorus bisellatus, sp. n.

?. Elongate, narrow, shining, sparsely, finely pubescent ;

nigro-cyaneous, the autennze with joints 1-5 in great part

(except ] above), and the elytra with two fascix—one

ante-median, widened outwards, the other apical, extending

for some distance forward along the suture—testaceous,

the prothorax rufous, with two small, oblong, bluish spots

on the dorsal hump, the rest of the antennze and the

legs piceous or black; closely, finely, the elytra more

strongly, punctate. Head triangular, flattened ; antennz

long, filiform, joints 2 and 3 short, subequal in length.

Prothorax elongate, constricted and much _ narrowed

posteriorly, the anterior portion gibbous on the disc, the

transverse basal depression deep, the base itself appearing

raised. Elytra elongate, deeply transversely depressed below

the base, the apical portion convex. Wings fully developed.

Length 2 mm.

Hab. 8. Arnica, Willowmore, Cape Colony (Dr. Brauns,

Mus. Cape Town).

Oue specimen, forwarded by Dr. Péringuey for deter-

mination. Separable from C.flavofasciatus by its bimaculate

red protlhorax and the bifasciate elytia. ‘The wings are

ample in this insect and wanting in the same sex of the type

of the genus, C. vinula.

CHALICOROIDES, gen. nov.

Antenne filiform, 11-jomted, 3 and 4 subequal in length,

3 longer than 2; terminal joint of maxillary palpi in both

sexes oblong-ovate, obliquely truncate at tip; head in ¢

short, triangular, tuberculate aud excavate anteriorly, the

eyes prominent ; prothorax cordate ; elytrasimple; anterior

tarsi simple, 5-jointed, 1-4 gradually decreasing in length ;

wings present in both sexes.

Type, Chalicorus triguttatus, Ab.

The small S. African insects referred to this genus are so

different from the type of Chalicorus, C. vinula, Er., that

they are best separated from it. The @, it is true, has the

head and anterior tarsi very similarly formed; but the cordate

or transversely cordate, less constricted prothorax gives them

the general facies of an Atdalus or Colotes, the third antennal

324 Mr. G. C, Champion on

joint, too, is relatively longer than in Chalicorus. The

5-jointed anterior tarsi of the g, aud the simple palpi in the

two sexes, distinguish Chalicoroides from Colotes, the ty pe of

which is C. trinotatus, Er. Psiloderes, Peyr., has a similarly

shaped head in ¢,but differs in other respects from the

present genus *,

1. Chalicoroides triguttatus. (Pl. V. fig. 17, head, g.)

Chalicorus triguttatus, Ab. Rey. d’Ent. xix. pp. 163, 169 (¢ 2 ) (1900) ’.

¢. Moderately elongate, shining, finely pubescent ; black,

the anterior half of the head, the antennal joints I-4, the

anterior and intermediate legs (the femora in part excepted),

and the posterior tarsi in great part or wholly, testaceous ;

the elytra with three transversely placed whitish or flavescent

spots just befure the middle—one common, rhomboidal, the

others lateral, triangular; the surface extremely finely,

closely punctate. Head short, triangular, about as broad as

the prothorax, the frontal cavity deep, transverse, trituber-

culate behind, the epistoma flattened, and with a small

truncated projection in the centre posteriorly, the eyes very

prominent ; antenne moderately long, filiform, joint 1 stout,

3 considerably longer than 2. Prothorax transversely cor-

date, depressed at the. base, the lateral margins explanate.

Elytra slightly widened posteriorly. Legs very slender ;

auterior tarsi simple, 5-jointed.

@. Head black, flattened, the eyes not prominent ;

antennz shorter and more slender; elytra much widened

posteriorly.

Var. Elytra black. ( 2.)

Length 2-23 mm. (J 2.)

Hab. 8. Arnica, Cape Town, Stellenbosch (Mus. Cape

Town: 8 2), Table Mountain (W. Bevins), Umvoti, Natal

(H. Fry, in Mus. Cape Town: ¢ ).

Redescribed from three ¢ g and three $ 2, including

the type communicated by Dr. Péringuey.

2. Chalicoroides peninsularis, sp. D.

(Pl. V. fig. 18, head, ¢.)

3. Moderately elongate, rather broad, shining, closely

pubescent, testaceous or rufo-testaceous, the head with the

base, eyes, and frontal tubercle, the outer half or more of the

antennz, the palpi, abdomen, and under surface, the elytra

* There are three ¢ d and one 9 of P. pluriarmatus, Belon, from

Kurdistan, in the British Museum: the g has 4-jointed anterior tarsi,

1 and 2 being elongate and 38 short.

the S. African Species of Dinometopus, &e. 325

with the base narrowly and an oblique subepical fascia on the

dise of each of them, the anterior and intermediate femora

and tarsiin part, and the posterior legs almost entirely, black

or piceous ; the surface closely, very ‘finely punctate. Head

short, triangular, about as wide as the prothorax, the frontal

cavity rather small, limited on each side by a subconical

prominence, the epistoma with a small black tubercle in the

middle behind, the eyes prominent. Antenne long, filiform,

joint 3 much longer than 2,3 and 4. subequal, 5- IT elongate.

Prothorax sinall, short, transversely cordate, narrowly mar-

gined. Elytra much broader than the prothorax, widened

posteriorly, incompletely covering the abdomen, somewhat

depressed. Anterior tarsi simple, 5-jointed.

?. Head flattened, black, the eyes not prominent, the

antenne shorter, the subapical elytral fascia curved,

extending outwards to the lateral margin.

Length 2-3 mm. (¢ ¢.)

Hab. 8. Arrica, Ceres, Cape Province, alt. 1500 feet

(R. #. Turner: x., xi. 1920).

Four g ¢ and ten 2? 2 recently sent by Mr. Turner to

the British Museum. Its nearest ally seems to be C. (Chali-

corus) triguttatus, Ab., from the same region. ‘The excavate,

trituberculate head and the simply 5-jointed anterior tarsi of

the ¢ separate C. peninsularis from Attalus.

3. Chalicoroides (?) semicinctus, sp. 0.

9. Elongate, narrow, shining, finely pubescent ; black,

the prothorax with the basal margin, and the lateral margins

thence to about the middle, narrowly edged with testaceous,

the elytra each with a whitish or flavous transverse fascia

on the outer part of the dise before the middle, the anteane

(a dark streak on joint 1 and the infuscate terminal joints

excepted) and legs (the infuscate femora and posterior tibize

excepted) testaceous; the entire upper surface sparsely

punctulate. Head about as wide as the prothorax, longi-

tudinaly bi-impressed anteriorly; autenne long, filiform,

joint 3 longer than2. Prothorax convex, subcordate, about

as long as broad, gradually narrowed posteriorly, feebly

margined at the sides. LElytra long, gradually widened

towards the apex, the apices separately rounded. Legs

long and slender.

Length 2-22 mm.

Hab. 8. Arnica, Salisbury, 8S. Rhodesia [type] (Dr. Mar-

shall: ix. 1898, vii. 1900), Prieska (Mus. Cape Town:

x. 1887).

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. x. 23

326 Mr. G. C. Champion on

Three ° ¢, precisely similar, provisionally referred to

Chalicoroides in the absence of the g@. More elongate than

C. triguttatus, Ab.; the prothorax longer, more gradually

narrowed behind, and with the margins less extended ; the

elytra longer and wanting the common whitish sutural spot.

Maropivs, gen. nov.

Antenne inserted beneath the outer angles of the epistoma

at some distance before the eyes, 11-jointed, jomts 1, 3, 4,5

thickened in ¢ ; head transverse, subtriangular, excavate in

6, the epistoma truncate anteriorly and without suture

behind ; terminal joint of maxillary palpi oblongo-conic,

truncate at tip; prothorax long, constricted posteriorly,

unidentate laterally; elytra oblong-oval; anterior tarsi

5-jointed in both sexes, joint 2 extending over the base of

3 in ¢; tarsal claws small, lobed at the base; body elongate,

narrow, winged in ¢, apterous in ? , integument coriaceous.

Type, M. petrensis, sp. n.

This genus has the anterior tarsal structure of the

“ Attalaires ” of Abeille, and the ¢ cephalic excavation of a

Troglops. The 11-jointed antennz, with simply dilated

basal joints 3-5 in @, separate Matopius from Laius, some

of the Malayan members of which have the sides of the

prothorax similarly dentate. Colpometopus, Ab., which has

4-jointed anterior tarsiin g¢ and an apterous ¢, is related

to the present genus.

1, Matopius petrensis, sp. n. (Pl. V. figs. 19, head

and prothorax, 19a, antenna, 3.)

3. Somewhat convex, opaque, finely pubescent ; black

or bluish-black, the basal joints of the antenne testaceous

beneath, the elytra each with a very large orange-red or

orange patch on the outer part of the disc below the base

extending inward to near the suture ; the head and prothorax

densely, finely, rugulosely, the elytra coarsely, closely punc-

tate. Head bifoveate and deeply excavate in the middle

between the eyes, the anterior margin of the cavity produced

backward in the centre into a short dentiform projection ;

eyes prominent ; antennz comparatively stout, long, sub-

serrate, tapering from joint 6 onward, 1 moderately elongate,

curved, much thickened, 2 small, 3-5 dilated within, 3

triangular, 4 transverse. Prothorax narrower than the head,

long, narrowed and constricted behind the median tooth,

transversely depressed on each side anteriorly and on the

disc before the base. Scutellum transverse. Elytra oblong

the S. African Species of Dinometopus, ce. 327

slightly rounded at the sides. Anterior tarsal joints 1 and

2 somewhat thickened, 2 with a claw-like extension at tip.

?. Antenne gradually tapering from joint 4, 1 shorter

and less thickened than in ¢ ; eyes smaller; elytra more

rounded at the sides, not quite covering the abdomen.

Length 24-3 mm. (¢ 2.)

Hab. S. Ruopesta, Matopo Hills (26. xii. 1916: ex

Rhodesian Museum).

Numerous examples, found running ou bare granite slopes.

SPHINGINOPALPUS.

Sphinginopalpus, Pic, L’Echange, xix. p. 164 (1903) [type S, onerdz, Pic}.

The ant-like beetles forming this genus have 11-jointed

antenne, a simple head, a narrow, elongate, posteriorly

constricted prothorax, more or less swollen elytra, aud simple

5-jointed anterior tarsi in the two sexes; the gg with

enormously developed third and fourth joints to the maxillary

palpi (as in Colotes), and the basal joint of the antennze often

toothed near the base; the 9 ? (and in one species the ¢

also) wingless, and usually with the elytra more inflated

than in g. The S. African species named by Pic appear to

be represented in the collections before me, except S. apicalis

(1914) from Rhodesia. He has also diagnosed in Oct.

1919, ‘pour prendre date,’ many others from KH. Africa,

found by MM. Jeannel and Alluaud. There is, at present,

only one representative from this region (from Rogoro, in

the Kikuyu Forest, and Kabete, Kenya Colony) in the

British Museum collection.

These insects, Dr. Péringuey informs me, are to be

obtained by sifting dead leaves and would. Mr. R. &.

Turner has found specimens on flowers.

dod.

1 (6). Wings present (wanting in 9 2). [SpHiInGINo-

PALPUS, Pic, s. str.

2 (8). Antennal joint 1 bi- or unidentate near base.... Species 1-9°*.

3 (2). Antennal joint 1 simple.

4 (5), Antennal joint 4 not dilated; elytral margins

BLOWIN. iv,5 asin dee susie pias 00 06 0s ape wieiee we Species 10, 11.

5 (4). Antennal joint 4 dilated; elytral margins not

PPOMCMORY .siaiale st cnecs pote kate ks alwyenibd ave Species 12.

6 (1). Wings wanting (as in 2 ) [Subgen, Cuaricoro-

PHASIS, Péring., in litt.) ; antennal joint 1

So ri mer ere rs i anrea .. Species 13,

23°

328 Mr. G. C. Champion on

1. Sphinginopalpus bidens, sp. n.

(Pl. V. figs. 20, antenna, 20 a, maxillary palpus, @.)

g. Very like S.onetli, Pic; the front of the head, the

labrum, the antennal joints 1-6, the base of the prothorax,

and the anterior and intermediate legs (the femora in part

excepted), testaceous; the elytra with a faint triangular

patch at the sides below the base and the expanded lateral

margins whitish. Antennal joint ] moderately long, sharply

triangularly dilated at about the middle within, and with a

shorter acute tooth near the base. Palpi as in S. oneili.

Eytra rather elongate, parallel at the base, and with the

margins explanate thence to near the apex.

¢. Head infuscate ; antennal joint 1 infuscate at base ;

joint 4 of maxillary palpi broad, triangular; elytra elongate-

oval, convex, flavo-marginate laterally ; wings wanting.

Length 2-24 mm. (¢ 2.)

Hab. 8. Arrica, Frere, Natal (Dr. Marshall).

Described from a pair captured in Dec. 1896, and a 2

taken in Feb. 1893. This is aform of S. oneili, Pic, with the

basal joint of the antenne sharply bidentate in g and the

fourth joint of the maxillary palpi triangular in ? —this

being stouter and securiform in the same sex of S. oneili

and S. myrmecodes, and broader than in S. albilabris and

S. flavomarginatus.

2. Sphinginopalpus oneili. (Pl. V. fig. 21, antenna, 3.)

Sphinginopalpus oneili, Pic, L’Echange, xix. p. 164 (¢ 2) (1903)';

Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1904, p. 138 (d 2)?.

6. Narrow, very shining, black, with a faint metallic

lustre, the bead usually more or less whitish in front, the

basal 4—6 joints of the antennz wholly (except 1 at the base)

or in part, the base of the prothorax, and the anterior and

intermediate legs (the tibie in part aud the femora excepted),

testaceous ; the elytra with a complete or interrupted,

externally-dilated, ante-median fascia (sometimes reduced to

a small transverse mark on the suture or wholly wanting),

and the outer margins to a greater or less extent, whitish or

testaceous ; the surface-sculpture as in S. myrmecodes, Bob.

Antennal joint 1 with a prominent curved tooth near the

base ; palpi as in S. myrmecodes.

?. Head infuscate ; joint 4 of maxillary palpi stout,

securiform ; elytra rather elongate, narrow at the base,

inflated posteriorly, more broadly margined ; wings wanting.

Length 2-2? mm. (¢ 9.}

the 8S. Afiiean Species of Dinometopus, &e. 329

Hab. 8. Avrica, Dunbrody', Stellenbosch, Cape Town

(Mus. Cape Town: 3 32 ),Camps Bay, Rapenburg (R. L.

Turner: &), Salisbury (Dr. Marshall: 3 9).

A variable insect, of which there is a long series in the

Cape Town Museum. It is one of several imperfectly

segregated, extremely closely related South African forms,

and mainly distinguishable amongst them by its narrow shape

and the strongly toothed basal joint of the antenne in the

3, this tooth being very smallin S. myrmecodes. The head

is in one example wholly infuscate as in @ ; and the elytral

markings may be reduced to a marginal stripe. The palpi

are testaceous in the single ¢ captured at Camps Bay.

3. Sphinginopalpus longidens, sp. n.

3. Elongate, narrow, very shining, clothed with scattered,

long, whitish, erect hairs; black, the antennal joints 1-5 or

1-6 (except 3 and the basal half of 1), base of prothorax,

outer halves of anterior and intermediate tibiz, and bases of

the tarsi, testaceous, the elytra with an elongate whitish or

flavous patch at the sides below the base; head and pro-

thorax very sparsely punctulate, the elytra coarsely seriato-

punctate to near the tip. Head a little wider than the

prothorax; antenna moderately long, subfiliform, joint 1

slender at the base and then abruptly thickened to the apex,

the narrow basal portion slightly angulate and the thickened

outer portion armed with a long, straight tooth at the

proximal end within, 3 longer than 2 or 4; joints 3 and 4 of

maxillary palpi extremely large, transverse, 4 scaphiform,

concave. Prothorax long, convex, constricted and much

narrowed at the base, the transverse basal groove deep.

Elytra oval, narrow at the base, the margins arcuately

widened, the humeri tumid. Posterior tibiz curved.

Q?. Elytra broader, more rounded at the sides, inflated

posteriorly, the humeri dentiform ; fourth joint of maxillary

palpi triangular, not very large; wings wanting.

Length 2 mm.

Hab. 8. Arnica, Mossel Bay (R. EL. Turner: ii. 1922).

Ten examples, four of which are males. Smaller and less

elongate than S. oneili, Pic; the antenne shorter, joints 1

and 8 partly or wholly black, the long narrow tooth on joint 1

straighter and the joint itself abruptly widened in its outer

half in g; the elytra more rounded at the sides in both

sexes, the whitish markings reduced to an elongate lateral

patch ; the head black or piceous in ¢ and ?.

330 Mr. G. C. Champion on

4. Sphinginopalpus formicarius. (P|. V. fig. 22, antenna, g .)

Q. Chalicorus (?) formicarius, Gorh. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) vii.

p. 358 (1901) *.

? Sphinginopalpus barkeri, Pic, L’Echange, xx. p. 66 (¢ 2) (1904) ?.

¢. Extremely like S. (Chalicorus) collaris, Boh. ; smaller,

the antenne less elongate, joints 1-5 (1 with a streak at

the apex only) nigro-maculate above, testaceous beneath, the

others black, 1 slightly curved, notched near the base within,

and armed with a curved, ciliate tooth in front of this ; joints

3 and 4 of maxillary palpi smaller, less dilated laterally,

4 strongly curved (appearing bifurcate in certain aspects) ;

head and prothorax opaque or subopaque ; elytra shining,

brassy-black, the expanded margins rufescent, the coarse

puncturing extending to the apex, subseriate on basal half;

anterior and intermediate tibiz (except at their bases) and

tarsi testaceous.

2. Head piceous; joint 4 of maxillary palpi small, narrow;

elytra subglobose, narrow at the base, the humeral callus

small; wings wanting.

Length 2-24 mm. (J ?.)

Hab. S. Arrica, Malvern, Natal ?? (Mus. Cape Town,

Mus. Brit., Mus. Durban: & @ ), Port Natal, Durban (Mus.

Britsé5 2s

Fourteen specimens seen, including three males in the

British Museum. This species seems to be the imperfectly-

described S. barkeri, Pic ; but his definition of the palpi,

‘* moyens,”’ is unintelligible, and the structure of the antenne

of the g isnot noticed. The 2 from Port Natal was received

by the British Museum in 1855.

5. Sphinginopalpus myrmecodes.

©. Chalicorus myrmecodes, Boh. Ins. Caffraria, i. 2, p. 475 (1851) '.

3d. Chalicorus albifrons, Boh. loc. ert. p. 47

¢. Narrow, shining, black, with a ile or bluish

lustre in certain lights, the head whitish in front, the basal

five joints of the antennz (a streak on 1 excepted), the base

of the prothorax, a transverse, externally-dilated fascia on

each elytron below the base (not extending to the suture),

aud the anterior and intermediate tarsi, testaceous or flavous;

the head and prothorax very finely, sparsely, and the elytra

to beyond the middle coarsely, subseriately, punctured,

the apical portion of the last-named with fine scattered

punctures. Antennal joint 1 moderately long, armed with

a small tooth near the base within; maxillary palpi with

joints 3 and 4 enormously large, transverse, 3 pyriform,

the S. African Species of Dinometopus, de. 331

4 curved, scaphiform; elytra rather narrow, oblong, sub-

parallel at the base, the humeri somewhat tumid.

?. Head wholly infuscate ; joint 4 of maxillary palpi

stout, securiform; elytra broader, oval, convex; wings

wanting.

Length 23-2} mm. (¢ 2.)

Hab. S. Arrica, mouth of Umkomaas River (Dr.

Marshall: 3), Malvern, Natal (Jus, Brit., Mlus. Durban :

?), Isipingo beach (Mus. Durban: 2), Seymour (Mus.

Cape Town: & 2), River Gariep *?.

Five 2 2 and two ¢ ¢ are referred to this species, which

is extremely like some of the varieties of S. oneili, Pic. The

2 2 of the two forms have an equally large securiform

apical joint to the maxillary palpi; the ¢, however, has the

tooth on the basal joint of the antenn very small in the

Seymour specimen, which was sent mounted with two 2? ?

on the same piece of card. There can be little doubt that

Bohemaun’s names refer to one species only, the differential

characters mentioned by him being purely sexual : S. onezl

may be a form of S. myrmecodes ?

6. Sphinginopalpus collaris.

2. Chalicorus collaris, Boh. Ins. Caffraria, i. 2, p. 478 (1851) *.

2. Sphinginopalpus martini, Pic, Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1904, p. 12%.

g. Opaque, piceous, the elytra moderately shining and

with a bluish lustre in certain lights, the front of the head

whitish, the antennal joints 1-3 (the others at most very

slightly darker), the base of the prothorax, the trochanters,

and the anterior and intermediate tarsi, testaceous or flavous;

the head and prothorax shagreened and very finely punctured,

the elytra rather coarsely subseriato-punctate to beyond the

middle, the apical portion smoother. Antennz long, slender,

joint 1 elongate, subcylindrical, and armed with a small tooth

near the base within; maxillary palpi with joints 3 and

4 enormously developed, transverse, 4 scaphiform, arcuate

(concave seen from above). Elytra rather broad, oval,

subparallel and depressed at the base, broadly margined, the

posterior portion convex, the humerisubcarinate. Posterior

tibie feebly curved, flattened, rather broad.

Length 22 mm. (d.)

Hab. S. Arnica, Malvern, Natal* (Dr. Marshall: 3 ?),

River Limpopo’.

The above description ofthe ¢ is taken from two precisely

similar examples from Malvern: one of these agrees with

the type of Boheman communicated by Dr. Sjostedt ; the

332 Mr. G. C. Champion on

other has been sent me from the Durban Museum as S.

barkeri, Pic, a name here sunk as a synonym of S. formicarius,

Gorh., an insect also occurring at Malvern and elsewhere

in Natal. The colour given by Boheman for S. collaris and

the allied forms, “ nigro-ceruleus”’ or “ ceruleus,” is mis-

leading, though a metallic sheen is usually visible, at least

on the head or elytra.

7. Sphinginopalpus formicoides.

? Sphinginopalpus formicoides, Pic, L’Echange, xx. p. 66 (2) (1904) *.

@. Shining, nigro-piceous, the elytra with a brassy lustre,

the antenne (the slightly infuseate terminal joints excepted),

base of prothorax, tarsi, intermediate tibiz, and the anterior

tibiz at the apex, testaceous ; anteunze long; joint 4 of

maxillary palpi narrow, small, obliquely truncate at tip;

elytra globose, attenuate anteriorly, somewhat confusedly

punctate, the punctures subseriately arranged on the basal

half, the margins narrow, the humeri subangular ; poste-

rior tibize curved, flattened, rather stout; wings wanting.

Hab. S. Arnica, Grahamstown, Cape Colony ?.

A @ from S. Africa sent me by Dr. Péringuey as S.

(Chalicorus) coliaris, Boh., may be referable to S. formicoides,

Pic, which should have a duller head and prothorax, and

rufescent elytral margins. This specimen has the antennze

long and testaceous to near the tip, and the head and pro-

thorax more shining than in S. collaris and S. formicarius,

thus approaching S. atripennis.

8. Sphinginopalpus albilabris.

3. Chalicorus albilabris, Boh. Ins. Caffraria, i. 2, p. 477 (1851) *.

g. Narrow, very shining, black with a violaceous lustre

in certain lights, the head with a sharply-defined white

A-shaped space in front, the basal six joints of the antennae,

the palpi, base of the prothorax, anterior and intermediate

legs (the bases of the femora and the tips of the tarsi excepted),

aud the posterior tarsi in great part, testaceous, the elytra

with an elongate-triangular whitish patch at the sides below

the base; the head and prothorax very sparsely, minutely,

the elytra to beyond the middle rather coarsely, subseriately,

punctured. Head rather broad; antennz long, slender,

filiform, joint 1 moderately elongate, obsoletely dentate near

the base; joints 3 and 4 of maxillary palpi very large,

transverse, 4 scaphiform, concave. Elytra oblong, slightly

rounded at the sides, parallel at the extreme base, the

humeri tumid. Posterior tibiz feebly curved.

. “

the S. African Species of Dinometopus, ec. 333

9. Head infuscate, smaller; antennz much shorter ;

joint 4 of maxillary palpi small, subtriangular; elytra broader,

oval; wings wemtangh

Length 2-2 2mm. (dd 2.)

Hab. S. Arrica, Salisbury [ g], Frere, Natal’ [ ? ] (Mus.

Cape Town, Dr. Marshall).

One ¢ and five ? 9 are referred to S. albilabris, which

is distinguished by Boheman from his 8S, albifrons, 3, by

its smaller size, the flavous palpi, and the exactly triangular

whitish lateral patch of the elytra. The specimens before

me are extremely like one of the forms of S. oneili ; the ¢

has the tooth on the first joint of the antennz almost obsolete

and the palpi entirely testaceous; the ? ? have shorter

antennz, a smaller head, and the fourth joint of the palpi

greatly reduced in size,

9. Sphinginopalpus tetrastigma, sp. n.

g. Elongate, narrow, rather convex, shining, clothed with

long, scattered, fine, erect hairs ; testaceous, the head above,

two spots on each elytron (one near the base, the other

beyond the middle), and the metasternum, infuscate or

piceous, the eyes black. Head large, wider than the pro-

thorax, minutely punctured; antennz moderately long,

slender, joint 1 elongate, somewhat thickened, and armed

with a fine sharp tooth at the base within ; joints 3 and 4 of

maxillary palpi enormously large, angular ; ; prothorax con-

vex, almost smooth, a little longer “than ‘broad, strongly

constricted posteriorly, the transverse basal groove deep.

Elytra oblong, coarsely, closely, irregularly seriato- punctate.

Length 2 mm.

Hab. S. Arica, Frere, Natal (Dr. Marshall).

One male. ‘The testacecus coloration and the four-spotted

elytra readily distinguish this minute form from its 8. African

allies.

10. Sphinginopalpus atripennis, sp. n.

3. ae narrow, very shining black, the antennal

joints 1-5, the palpi (except at the tip), a spot on the front

of the haa the base of the prothorax, the tarsi, apices of

the anterior tibw, and the intermediate tibiz entirely,

testaceous ; sparsely pubescent, the elytra with intermixed

long, erect hairs ; the head and prothorax very sparsely,

finely punctate, the elytra seriato-punctate to near the tip,

the apical portion much smoother. Head a little wider than

the prothorax, foveate between the eyes; antenna moderately

334 Mr. G. C. Champion on

long, filiform, joint 1 elongate, slender, simple ; maxillary

palpi with joints 3 and 4 stout, 3 pyriform, 4 strongly trans-

verse, subscaphiform. Prothorax elongate, very convex,

abruptly constricted and narrowed posteriorly, the base

strongly depressed. Elytra oval, gibbous, attenuate at the

base, narrowly margined, the humeri angular. Posterior

tibize curved, flattened.

Length 2 mm.

Hab. S. Arrica, Malvern, Natal (Dr. Marshall: viii.

1897).

One specimen. A small, shining black form allied to

S. (Chalicorus) collaris, Boh., differing from the latter in its

much smaller size, partly infuscate antenne, with unarmed

basal joint, less developed palpi, and the narrowly margined

elytra. The polished head and prothorax, etc., also separate

S. atripennis from S. formicarius, Gorh. The shorter an-

tenn and black elytra distinguish it from S. formicoides,

Pic.

11. Sphinginopa’pus flavomarginatus, sp. 0.

¢@. Elongate, narrow, shining, the elytra oval and convex

from a little below the base, very sparsely pubescent and

with long, erect hairs intermixed on the elytra ; piceous or

nigro-piceous, the head whitish in front, the antenne

(the slightly infuscate terminal joints excepted), the palpi

in great part, the narrow basal portion of the prothorax, the

margins of the elytra, the anterior and intermediate legs

(the femora in part excepted), the bases of the posterior

femora, and the posterior tarsi, testaceous; the head and

prothorax sparsely, minutely, and the elytra to beyond the

middle rather coarsely, seriately, punctate. Head a little

wider than the prothorax; antennz filiform, joint 1 long,

slender, unarmed; maxillary palpi with joints 3 and 4 very

large, 3 pyriform, 4 subsecuriform. Prothorax elongate,

the anterior portion very convex, the basal portion narrow,

abruptly flattened. Elytra moderately long, abruptly,

arcuately widened from near the base, the margins rather

broad, the humeri angular. Posterior tibiz flattened, arcuate,

_omewhat dilated.

9. Head infuscate; joint 4 of maxillary palpi small,

arrow, obliquely truncate at tip; elytra more inflated, and

,0re rounded at the sides ; wings wanting.

Length2 mm. (¢ $?.)

Hab. S. Arnica, Frere and Estcourt, Natal (Dr. Marshall).

Five ¢ 3,four 2? ¢. Separable from S. atripennis, which

iso has a slender unarmed basal joint to the antenne in @,

the 8. African Species of Dinometopus, &e. 335

by the expanded flavescent lateral margins of the elytra,

the testaceous antennz, the less developed apical joint of

the maxillary palpi in ¢, and the paler legs. The general

shape is very similar in the two sexes, asin S. formicarius and

S. collaris, which are larger insects. The resemblance to a

Scydmznid, as well as to an ant, is rather striking in the

present species.

12. Sphinginopalpus limbatus. (PI. V. fig. 23, antenna, 2.)

Q. Sphinginopalpus limbatus, Pic, L’Echange, xx. p. 65 (1904) ?

¢. Elongate, narrow, subopaque, the elytra rather broad,

widened posteriorly,and a little more shining; nigro- or eneo-

piceous, the anterior portion of the head, the antenne (the

black fourth joint, and the more or less infuscate five or six

outer ones excepted), joint 3 of the maxillary palpi, the

tarsi in part, and the elytra with a narrow transverse fascia

below the base, and the sutural margin very narrowly, testa-

ceous or flavescent ; sparsely pubescent, the elytra with a

few long erect hairs intermixed; the head and _ prothorax

extremely finely, the elytra conspicuously, confusedly punc-

tate. Head about as wide as the prothorax ; antenne loug,

filiform, joint 1 elongate, simple, 4 dilated, subtriangular ;

waxillary palpi with joints 3 and 4 extremely large, 3 pyri-

form,4securiform. Protlorax oblong-oval,convex, narrowed

and constricted posteriorly, depressed at the base. Elytra

rather elongate, depressed at the base, the posterior portion

moderately convex, the margins not dilated. Posterior tibize

sinuato-arcuate, flattened.

9. Head wholly infuscate; prothorax sometimes with

the base testaceous or reddish, elytra with the sutural and

outer margins flavous and the transverse fascia interrupted

on the disc, or with the markings reduced to a streak on the

suture below the base and a triangular spot at tlie sides ;

antennz shorter, the black fourth joint undilated ; joint 4 of

maxillary palpi narrow, subfusiform ; elytra globose from

a little below the base ; wings wanting.

Var. 3g. Elytra nigro-piceous, except along the outer

limb, the basal depression deeper; antenne more clovgate,

joint 4 similarly dilated.

Length 2-24 mm.

Hab. 8. Arnica, Grahamstown (/ype of Pic), Mossel Bay,

Cape Province (2. E. Turner: iv. 1921, 2 ), Transvaal (Mus,

Brit.: 3 2), Malvern, Natal (Dr. Marshall: @, var.).

A variable insect, the 9 ? from the Transvaal agreeing

with Pic’s description, except that they have the fourth

336 Mr. G. C. Champion on

antennal joint (instead of the fifth) black. The two gg

from the Transvaal (sent with the 9 9) want the pale

margins to the elytra, and in the three ? captured by

Mr. Turner the fascia is reduced to three spots and the

margins are piceous, like the rest of the surface.

13. Sphinginopalpus raffrayi, sp. n

Chalicorophasis raffrayi, Péring. in litt.

¢. Elongate, narrow, the elytra pyriform, gibbous,

attenuate and depressed anteriorly ; shining, the head and

prothorax duller, sparsely pubescent, the elytra with a few

intermixed long, erect, whitish hairs; black, the anterior

portion of the head indeterminately, the oral organs, palpi,

joints 1-3 of the autenne, trochanters, and anterior and

intermediate tarsi, more or less testaceous, the elytra with

an elongate whitish patch or streak at the sides below the

base ; the head and prothorax closely, finely, subrugulosely,

the narrow basal portion of the elytra coarsely, rugosely,

punctate, the gibbous portion of the last-named with a few

fine scattered punctures. Head a little wider than the pro-

thorax ; antenne long, filiform, joint 1 elongate, thickened,

simple ; maxillary palpi with joints 3 and 4 enormously

large, transverse, 3 somewhat pyriform, convex beneath,

excavate above, 4 widened basally, subscaphiform, concave

above. Prothorax elongate, convex, constricted and much

narrowed posteriorly, transversely depre »ssed before the base,

Elytra rapidly, obliquely widening from the short, narrow,

depressed basal portion, the apical portion globose or oval.

Posterior tibise slightly curved, slender. Wings wanting.

9. Head, palpi, and trochanters infuscate; antennal

joint 1 more slender; joint 4 of maxillary palpi small,

elongate-triangular.

Length 2-24mm. (¢ ?.)

Hab. 8S. Arnica, Cape Town (Raffray and Péringuey, in

Mus. Cape Town: 3 3), Table Mt. (K. H. Barnard, in Mus,

Brit. ?%; x 200is (29;

Twelve examples seen, including five males. Differs from

its allies in wanting the wings in the two sexes; the elytra

with the short, narrow, depressed basal portion rugosely

punctured, the whitish lateral streak very sharply defined.

OLISTH ERARTHRUS, Zen, Nov.

Head subtriangular, simple ; joints 3 and 4of g maxillary

palpi enormous ; autennz 11-jointed, filiform, 1 elongate,

eo ee

the S. African Species of Dinometopus, &e. 337

dentate in ¢ ; prothorax convex, cordate ; elytra inflated,

very convex, oval, sharply margined, the humeri obliterated ;

anterior tatsi 4-jointed in ¢ ; tarsal claws small, lobed at

the base beneath ; wings wanting.

Type, VU. abeillei.

The metallic, convex, apterous S. African insect taken as

the type of this genus is related to Colotes and Sphingino-

palpus, differing from the last-named in the 4-jointed anterior

tarsi of the ¢, ete., and from Colotes in the very convex,

cordate prothorax, and the inflated, oval elytra, which are

without trace of humeral callus.

1. Olistherarthrus abeillei, sp.n. (PI. V. fig. 24, 3.)

Olistherartrus (sic) abeillei, Péring. in litt.

'&. Elongate, very convex, clothed with long, erect, soft,

pallid hairs; nigro-ceruleous or nigro-violaceous, the

anterior half of the head (two dentiform projections of the

dark basal portion excepted), labrum, antennal joints | and 2,

maxillary palpi, and tibize, tarsi, and abdomen in part, testa-

ceous, the rest of the legs and antenne infuscate. Head

small, much narrower than the prothorax, slightly depressed

in the middle between the eyes, dull, very finely punctured ;

antenne long, joint 1 elongate, thickened, slender at the

apex, and armed with a large triangular tooth at the middle

beneath, 2 as long as 3, dentate at the tip within; joint 3

of maxillary palpi subeupuliform, 4 concave, securiform,

bifurcate at tip when viewed in profile. Prothorax about us

long as broad, rounded at the sides, much narrowed behind,

scabroso-punctulate, shining and a little smoother along the

middle, the lateral portions opaque. Scutellum transverse.

Elytra rather long, much wider than the prothorax, trans-

versely depressed behind the scutellum ; coarsely, closely

punctate. Legs long, slender.

?. Head violaceous, opaque ; antennal joints 1 and 2

simple, narrow ; joint 4 of maxillary palpi narrow, oblong-

ovate, truncate at tip; elytra broad, more rounded at the

sides,

Length 23-3 mm. (d¢ ?.)

Hab. 8. Arnica, Cape Town (Mus. Cape Town).

One ¢, two 2? 9, the ¢ bearing the MSS. name here

used, and all of them labelled “ 10.86.” The ¢@ is assumed

to be apterous like the ¢ 9; one of the latter has been

placed in the British Museum,

338 Mr. G. C. Champion on

CoLores.

Colotes, Erichson, Entomographien, p. 129 (1840); Abeille de Perrin,

Aon. Soe, Ent. Fr, 1890, p. 255 (part.) [type, C. maculatus, Cast.

(=trinotatus, Er.)]; Champion, Ent. Monthly Mag 1921, p. 70.

Antidipnis, W ollaston, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (3) j ii. p. 337 (1858)

(type, Charopus punctatus, Er. }.

Pseudocolotes, Ab. de Perrin, Rev. d'Ent. xix. p. 166 (1900) [type,

P. cribripennis, Ab.].

Erichson included three species under Colotes, the type of

which is acommon Mediterranean insect. His third species,

C. albilateris, is one of many very closely allied 8S. African

forms, which were said by Abeille de Periin to have 5-jointed

anterior tarsi in the males ; but this definition proves to be

inaccurate, as I have satisfied myself by an examination of

the types kindly lent by Dr. Péringuey. Antidipnis was

based upon a small, convex, Halticiform insect, which occurs

plentifully at the roots of plants on the sandy sea-coasts of

S. Europe; its ? is usually apterous. Colotes, as here

understood, includes numerous small forms, with very large

or enormously developed fourth or third and fourth joints

to the maxillary palpi, and 4-jointed anterior tarsi, in the

6 ; the elytra simple, and the prothorax transverse, with

the sides rounded, in both sexes; the head of the ¢

simple, or hollowed, laterally sulcate, or transversely grooved

anteriorly, but never tuberculate or horned as in Hedybius ;

the wings sometimes wanting in the subgenus Antidipnis.

It is almost impossible to describe the maxillary palpi of

some of the species without dissection, the third and fourth

joints being more or less interlocked and difficult to separate

without injury: the third is usually somewhat cup-shaped,

the fourth crescentiform, subsecuriform, scaphiform, or

malleiform. The S. African species here enumerated * may

be tabulated thus: 2? ? only known of Nos. 2, 14,17, 19, 20;

14 omitted from table :—

dod.

Sect. I. Joints 3 or 4 of maxillary palpi very large, more or less inter-

locked or very closely articulate, 4 crescentiform, malleiform, or

scaphiform ; elytra subparallel or gradually widened posteriorly ;

Wings present (asin 9). [CoLorss, Fr., s. str.]

1 (20). Elytra wholly or in part metallic, not fasciate.

2 (3). Elytra without pale lateral streak ; face white,

Battered... 0d sie state's « bmtdie ot dhe MA ae Species 1 [2].

* Several others, uniques, in the Cape’ Town Museum, are left unnamed

for want of sufficient material. Numerous E, African Pseudocolotes have

been named by Pic.

the 8. African Species of Dinometopus, ce. 339

. Elytra with whitish or flavous lateral streak.

(7). Prothorax black, with the base narrowly testa-

ceous,

5 (6). Antennal joints 1-3 in great part testaceous,

4 dilated; face whitish, arcuately swollen

Berane tha eee yas Ce ede ee se ec cnde Species 3.

6 (5). Antennal joints | and 2 (except 1 above) testa-

ceous, 4 simple; face (a whitish oblong spot

excepted) black, excavate laterally ........ Species 4.

7 (4). Prothorax testaceous, with black discal patch.

8 (11). Face with a flattened or raised, triangular or

oblong, space extending down the middle,

sulcate laterally.

9 (10). Face testaceous or whitish...............00. Species 5, 6.

10 (9). Face black, the triangular space only whitish., Species 7.

11 (8). Face without triangular raised space.

12 (15). Face broadly hollowed or transversely sulcate.

15 (14). Antennal joints 1-4 testaceous, 3 usually

widened and black above; face broadly hol-

MINCUPROMMNOHOUS “so weec skew ekwcse voces Species 8.

14 (13). Antennal joints 1-3 testaceous, 1 black at the

tip above,3 not wider than 4; face trans-

versely sulcate, testaceous..............4- Species 9.

15 (12). Face excavate laterally, hollowed in the middle

anteriorly, or feebly bi-impressed.

16 (17), Antenne with Le 1-4 testaceous; face ex-

Mventer aman 04 nodvla dens sds wes bans Species 10,

17 (16). Antennz with two or more of the basal joints

nigro-maculate.

18 (19). Antennal joints 2 and 3 small, testaceous, 1 and

Se IMUCHMRINNER fp Sook Sind uaa B ROT Apia! win Od om Species 11.

19 (18), Antennal joint 3 much larger than 2, 1, 3, and

PRMMEMAUS! hee weil. velas Feel cba Sead wo Species 12, 13.

20 (1). Elytra and prothorax black or blue-black, elytra

flavo-fasciate; antennal joint 1 stout, testa-

POU ad. sld e's Wire wom ane eaeaeae non ss Species 15,

moO

Sect. II. Joints 3 and 4 of maxillary palpi large, more freely articulate,

4 oblong or subquadrate, truncate at tip, 3 sometimes transverse and

much smaller than 4; elytra rounded at the sides; wings present

(sometimes wanting in 9): species small, Halticiform. [Subgen.

Antiprpnis, Woll.

21 (22). Elytra interruptedly unifasciate ............ Species 16, 17.

22 (21). Elytra not fasciate. ;

23 424). Elytra maculate at tip .............ecceeee Species 18, 19.

24 (23). Elytra (and head and prothorax also) black .. Species 20,

1. Colotes cyanopterus. (Pl. V. figs. 25, head from in front,

25 a, antenna, 25 4, maxillary palpus, ¢.)

Q. Charopus cyanopterus, Gorh. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) v. p. 75

(1900) ©.

&. Head broad, foveate in the middle between the eyes,

the face wholly whitish, transversely bifoveate anteriorly ;

antenne slender, longer than in ?, black, joints 1-3 (a long

340 Mr. G. C. Champion on

streak on 1 within and a spot on 3 above excepted) testaceous,

1 elongate, conical, concave and shining within, angulate at

the apex; maxillary palpi testaceous, black at the tip, joints

3 and 4 enormously dilated, 3 arcuate, convex, concave at

the apex, 4 curved and concave at the base within, and with

the apical portion securiform; anterior tarsi simple, 4-jointed.

¢. Head smaller, obscurely metallic; antenne shorter,

black, joints 1-3 (a narrow streak on 1 excepted) testaceous ;

maxillary palpi short, slender, joint 3 very short, 4 rather

long, get ig

Hab. Navat, Frere’ and Estcourt (Jus. Cape Town,

Dr. nae shall).

There are a pair of this species in the Cape Town Museum

and seven 2? 2 in the British Museum. The ¢ was un-

known to Gorham. A _ small, nigro-subzneous, .sericeo-

pubescent insect, with unifor my. cyaneous or greenish eee.

and the legs in part testaceous.

2. Colotes chloropterus, sp. n.

9. Moderately elongate, rather broad, widened posteriorly,

the head and prothorax opaque, the elytra shining, finely

cinereo-pubescent ; black, the antennal joints 1—4, the sides

of the prothorax broadly, and the anterior and intermediate

Jegs (the tarsi in part and the bases of the femora excepted)

testaceous, the elytra blue or bluish-green. Head much

narrower than the prothorax, obsoletely punctulate, bi-

impressed in front; antennze moderately long, joint 1

elongate and slightly thickened. Prothorax strongly traus-

verse, convex, rounded at the sides, obsoletely punctulate.

Klytra rather long, at the base scarcely wider than the

prothorax; closely, strongly punctured. Legs not very

slender.

Length 23 mm.

Hab. S. Arnica, Howick, Natal (J. P. Cregoe, in Mus.

Brit.).

Two females, received by the Museum in 1903. Larger

and broader than Co olpometopus leucostomus, ? (infra), the

antennze more slender, and with joints 1-4 testaceous and

5-11 black, the head and prothorax without metallic lustre,

the prothorax less narrowed behind, the elytra more strongly

punctured. The testaceous sides of the prothorax and the

stronger punctuation of the elytra separate C. chloropterus

from C. cyanopterus, Gorh. ‘Two allied unnamed forms

from Algoa Bay, represented by ? ? only, are contained in

the Cape Town Museum.

the S. African Species of Dinometopus, &e. 341

3. Colotes cribripennis. (PI. V. figs. 26, head from

in front, 26a, antenna, 264, maxillary palpus, ¢.)

Pseudocoletes cribripennis, Ab. Rev. d’Ent. xix. pp. 168, 167 (d 2)

(1900) *.

¢@. Head (with the eyes) about as wide as the prothorax,

flavous in front, black at the base, sulcate above and on each

side within the eyes, the black basal portion limited anteriorly

by an arcuate, tumid, shining space ; antennz long, black,

joints 1-3 (a conspicuous spot at the apex of 1 excepted in

some specimens) testaceous, | elongate, compressed, 4 arcu-

ately dilated within; maxillary palpi testaceous, black at the

tip, joint 4 enormously thickened, crescentiform, 3 traus-

verse, subtriangular, much wider than 2. Prothorax black,

dull, testaceous at the base. Elytra blue, with an elongate,

narrow, whitish patch at the sides below the base, the

punctuation close and strong. Legs in part testaceous ;

anterior tarsi 4-jointed.

?. Head black, except along the anterior margin, rather

convex ; antennee with joints 1-3 testaceous (1 sometimes

nigro-lineate above), 1 more slender, 4 simple; joint 4 of

maxillary palpi infuscate or testaceous, subtriangular.

Length 2 mm.

Hab. S. Ararica, Cape Town", Stellenbosch (Mus. Cape

Town), Table Mountain (IV. Bevins), Mossel Bay, Ceres,

Witzenberg Valley (R. £. Turner: xii. 1920, 1., iv. 1921).

Dr. Péringuey has lent metwo g ¢ andthree 9 2 of this

species, including the types, and Mr. Turner has recently

seut numerous others to the British Museum. ‘The very

large crescentiform fourth joint of the 3 maxillary palpi

cannot be properly seen till the palpus is detached.

4. Colotes pictifrons, sp. n.

(Pl. V. fig. 27, head from in front, ¢.)

&@. Moderately elongate, finely cinereo-pubescent, shining;

bluish-black, the palpi (except at the tip), the antennal

joints 1 and 2 (a long streak on 1] and a spot on 2 excepted),

labrum, an elongate-triangular streak on the anterior portion

of the head, the basal and outer margins of the prothorax

(the pale marginal portion angularly extended inward near

the hind angles), and the anterior and intermediate legs in

part, testaceous ; the elytra ceruleo-violaceous, with a rather

broad, oblong, whitish patch at the sides below the base.

Head broad, obliquely, deeply excavate on each side near

the eyes anteriorly, the vertex depressed in the middle and

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. x. 24

342 Mr. G. C. Champion on

angularly raised on each side ; antennz long, slender, joint

1 elongate, but little widened ; joints 3 and 4 of maxillary

palpi enormously developed, 3 somewhat cup-shaped, 4 sub-

scaphiform, concave at the tip. Prothorax transverse, much

narrowed behind, obsoletely punctulate. LElytra finely

punctured. Legs very long, slender; anterior tarsi

4-jointed.

?. Head smaller, immaculate ; palpi infuscate ; antennal

joints 1 and 2 testaceous, 1 with a black streak above, 2

immaculate,

Length 25 mm.

Hab. 8. Arrica, Ulundi, Drakensburg (Dr. G. A. K.

Marshall: i. 1893: &, type), Frere (dus. Cape Town: @ ).

One pair. Separable from C. cribripennis, Ab., by the

much finer puncturing of the elytra and the slender antennz,

the ¢ with the head and antenne different in colour and

structure. C. pictifrons seems to approach C. buccator, Ab.

A ¢ ofan allied unnamed form from Algoa Bay (Brauns)

has been sent me for examination by Dr. Péringuey.

5. Colotes frontalis, sp. n. (Pl. V. fig. 28, head, g.)

3. Moderately elongate, finely cinereo-pubescent, opaque;

the elytra somewhat shining ; head testaceous, black at the

base ; antennz testaceous, joint 1 with a streak above and

4-7 in part black ; palpi, prothorax (a triangular black patch

on the dise in front excepted), and legs (the black posterior

femora aud tibie excepted) testaceous; scutellum black ;

elytra cyaveous or bluish-green, the margins with a broad,

iuwardly-rounded, whitish stripe extending from the base

to beyoud the middle; the under surface black; elytra closely,

rather strongly punctured. Head broad, the face with a

triangular, slightly raised, flattened space extending down

the middle, bordered by a cavity on each side, the eyes large ;

antenne moderately long, slender, filiform, joint 1 elongate,

compressed, 3-6 subequal in length ; joint 4 of maxillary

palpi extremely large, transverse, somewhat ear-shaped,

pointed at the tip, 3 stout, convex, closely applied to 4 ; pro-

thorax transverse, narrowed posteriorly ; elytra moderately

long ; anterior tarsi 4-jointed.,

?. Head black, closely punctulate ; antenne testaceous,

joint 1 sometimes infuscate or nigro-lineate at the base ;

the whitish npg patch on the elytra not reaching the base,

Length 23-24 mm.

Hab. 8. Arnica, Bulawayo [type] (Dr. Marshall: xii.

1903: 3 ?), Umtali, S. Rhodesia (Mus. Cape Town: 2).

the S. African Species of Dinometopus, ce. 343

Eleven examples, one only of which is @. The @ has

testaceous antenna, as in the type (2) of C. albilateris, Er.,

from the Cape; but the latter is described as having testa-

ceous legs and the dise of the prothorax black, and the

present insect cannot be identified with it. The structure of

the head in @ is peculiar, approaching that of C. buccator,

as described by Abeille de Perrin.

6. Colotes nasutus, sp.n. (Pl. V. fig. 29, head, 2.)

¢. Extremely like C. frontalis and very similarly coloured,

but differing as follows :—Antennz a little stouter, black,

except the two apical joints and the basal one beneath, the

latter more curved; joint 4 of maxillary palpi extremely

large, broad, convex, scaphiform, almost smooth, 3 strongly

transverse and closely applied to 4; head with the trian-

gular frontal plate much more prominent, longer, nar-

rower behind, and forming a blunt horn anteriorly, the

black basal space angulate in the middle; prothorax a little

more transverse, the black patch on the anterior portion of

the dise transverse, the base whitish.

Length 24 mm.

Hub, 8. Arnica, Bulawayo (Dr. Marshall: xii, 1903).

One male, found with the preceding, of which it was at

first supposed to be a varietal form.

7. Colotes trigonus, sp.n. (Pl. VI. fig. 30, head, 3.)

3. Moderately elongate, finely cinereo-pubescent, shining ;

bluish-black, the head with a sharply-defined, triangular,

whitish patch in front extending upwards to near the vertex,

the labrum and palpi, the antennal joints 1-4 (the inner

surface of ] and a small spot on 4 excepted), the prothorax

(a broad patch down the middle, extending to near the base,

excepted), auterior and intermediate legs, and_ posterior

tarsi, testaceous or rufo-testaceous ; the elytra bluish-green,

with a rather broad, elongate, whitish patch at the sides

below the base. Head rather broad, with a deep, shining,

oblique sulcus on each side near the eyes, the vertex depressed

in the middle, the triangular whitish space in front of it

flattened and slightly raised ; antenne somewhat thickened,

joint 1 elongate, compressed, subconical ; joints 3 and 4 of

maxillary palpi enormously developed, 4 scaphiform. Pro-

thorax transverse, convex. Elytra rather strongly, closely

punctured, Anterior tarsi 4-jointed.

9. Head bluish-black, immaculate; antenne a little

24°

344 Mr. G. C. Champion on

shorter and more slender, joint 1 narrower, coloured as in

6; palpi black ; prothorax with the dark median patch

slightly less extended.

Length 24mm.

Hab. 8. Arnica, Estcourt [ g, type] and Ennersdale [ 9 ],

Natal (Vr. Marshall: xi. 1892, x. 1896).

One pair. The ¢ of this species may be recognized by

the laterally-suleate black head, which has a rather broad,

large, sharply-defined, triangular, whitish patch in front.

It is allied to C. pictifrons, an insect with slender antenne,

the prothorax in great part black, and the whitish patch on

the head narrow and less extended upwards. The elytral

puncturing is nearly as coarse as in C. cribripennis, Ab.

8. Colotes oneili. (PI. VI. figs. 81, head, 31a, antenna,

316, maxillary palpus, 2.)

Pseudocolotes o’neili, Pic, L’Echange, xix. p. 152 (19038) '.

g- Head large, triangular, opaque, testaceous, nigro-

fasciate or black at the base, densely punctulate, the anterior

portion broadly hollowed ; anteunz long, testaceous, joints

5-11 and a spot on 3 above black, 1 elongate, compressed,

3 slightly widened, triangular; maxillary palpi testaceous,

joints 3 and 4 extremely large, 3 convex, cup-shaped,

4 elongate, somewhat curved, truncate at tip; prothorax

dull, short, obliquely narrowed posteriorly, testaceous, with

a broad black median vitta; elytra subparallel, finely punc-

tured, bluish-green, with a rather broad whitish marginal

stripe extending to near the apex; legs in great part

testaceous, the posterior pair usually dark; anterior tarsi

4-jointed,

@. Head smaller, somewhat flattened, shining, black at

tle base ; autennz shorter, joint 3 with a smaller black

spot.

Var. 8. Antennal joint 3 narrower, immaculate above.

Length 2-23mm. (¢ 2.)

Hab. 8. Arnica, Dunbrody! (type of Pic), Uitenhage

(Mus. Cape Town), Bulawayo (Dr. Marshall), Mwenga,

N.W. Rhodesia (H. C. Dollman).

Numerous examples seen, including five ¢ g, two of

which belong to the varietal form. ‘The sexual characters

were not mentioned by Pic and his type was presumably ¢.

The figure of the palpus is taken from a Khodesian male.

the S. African Species of Dinometopus, Se. B45

9. Colotes agnatus.

(Pl. VI. figs. 32, head, 32a, maxillary palpus, 3.)

Pseudocolotes agnatus, Ab, Rev. d’Ent, xix. pp. 163, 168 ( 2) (1900).

3. Head subtriangular, broad, testaceous, black at the

base (the black portion truncate in front), the vertex de-

pressed in the ceutre and somewhat tumid on each side vear

the eyes, the face with a deep transverse depression extending

to the outer margins ; antenne long, black, joints 1 and 2

(a spot at the apex of 1 excepted) testaceous, 4-6 a little

wider than those following; maxillary palpi testaceous,

joints 3 and 4 enormously developed, 4 hammer-shaped and

armed with a long tooth within, 3 convex, subtriangular,

aud bearing a long compressed appendage; prothorax testa-

ceous, with a broad, posteriorly-narrowed, black median

vitta nearly reaching the base ; elytra bluish-green or green,

with a rather broad whitish lateral stripe extending from

the base to near the apex, finely punctured ; legs in part

testaceous ; anterior tarsi 4-jointed.

?. Head in front and antennal joints 1 and 2 testaceous,

the palpi infuscate; antennze shorter.

Length about 2mm.

Hab. 8. Arrica, Hebron, Vaal River, near Kimberley

[ 2 type and g |, Estcourt and Frere, Natal (Dr. Marshall :

8).

ee from 2 ¢ g and 3 9 9, including the type.

The g g were sent me by Dr. Péringuey as C. buccator, Ab. ;

but they do not agree with the description of that species,

the type of which was captured at Vryburg. The Natal

females agree exactly with C. agnatus, and the male from

the same locality certainly belongs to the same species. The

terminal joint of the g maxillary palpi is armed with a long

hook-like tooth, as in C. duccator.

10. Colotes buccator.

Pseudocolotes buccator, Ab. Rey. d’ Ent. xix. pp. 163, 168 (¢ 2 ) (1900) '.

“‘ Niger, elytris viridi-cwruleis, thorace (macula longitudinali media

apicem, haud basim attingente, nigra, excepta) in mare capite

antice, palpis, antennarum basi, tibiis et tarsis maculaque laterali

in singuli elytri margine albo-flavis. Long. 2mm.”

Hab. 8. Arnica, Vryburg, Bechuanaland!.

The ¢ of this species is said to have the head convex,

reddish in its anterior half (the black basal portion advancing

346 Mr. G. C. Champion on

in a point in the middle in front), and with a deep triangular

cavity on each side at the interior border of the eyes; the

terminal joint of the maxillary palpi yellow and enormously

large, hammer-shaped, one of its branches emitting a long

hook-like process. A g, labelled type, from Hebron, sent

me by Dr. Péringuey, does not accord with the description

of the head, and it is here referred to C. agnatus, Ab.; the

palpi, however, seem to be very similarly formed in the two

insects.

11. Colotes notaticornis, sp. n.

g. Moderately elongate, cinereo-pubescent, shining ;

black, the anterior portion of the head (the black basal

portion extending triangularly forward in the middle) and

an elongate streak at the sides of the elytra whitish, the rest

of the elytra metallic green, the mouth-parts, palpi, antenne

(a streak on joint 1 and a rounded spot on joint 4 excepted),

prothorax (a broad median vitta extending from the apex to

near the base excepted), anterior and intermediate legs (the

bases of the femora excepted), and the posterior tibize in

part, testaceous; the head and prothorax closely, minutely,

the elytra finely, rugulosely, punctate. Head as wide as the

prothorax, slightly depressed in the middle between the

eyes; antenne rather long, slender, joints 2 and 3 very

short, 2 small, 3 triangular, wider than 2, 4 short, arcuately

dilated within, 5 elongate, 6 and 7 shorter [9-11 wanting ];

maxillary palpi with joimts 3 and 4 enormously developed,

3 convex externally, cupuliform, 5 hammer-shaped. Pro-

thorax transverse, broad, rounded at the sides, narrowed

behind. Elytra subparallel, rounded at the tip. Anterior

tarsi 4-jointed.

?. Head with the anterior portion, and the antenne,

testaceous, the latter infuscate towards the tip, the latter

shorter and with joints 2-5 normally formed ; the anterior

_ and intermediate femora wholly or in part testaceous ; tlie

elytra bluish-green.

Length 2-25 mm.

Hab. 8. Arnica, Howick, Natal (J. P. Cregoe: g, type).

Frere (Dr. Marshall: 2), Irene (Mus. Brit.: 3).

The structure and colouring of the antennz in the

of this insect are suggestive of that of various species of

Hedylius. The very small, short, testaceous second and

third autennal joints separate it at once from C. plagiatus,

g. which also has aless elongate lateral patch to the elytra;

the partly testaceous head in ¢ removes it from C. albilateris.

the S. Ajrican Species of Dinometopus, sc. SAT

12. Colotes albilateris. (Pl. VI. fig. 33, antenna, 2.)

2. Colotes albilateris, Er, Entomographien, p. 131 (1840) ' ?

2. Coletes nobilis, Boh. Ins. Vaffr. i. 2, p. 473 (1851) ??

3. Moderately elongate, finely cinereo-pubescent, shining ;

head black, submetallic, a streak or spot on each side near

the eyes and the depressed space in front flavous (the black

portion extending forwards on each side between the eyes,

appearing fl-shaped as seen from the anterior aspect, the

lower surface and palpi testaceous ; antennze black, joints 1-5

(a streak on 1 above, and 3 and 4 in great part, excepted)

testaceous ; prothorax (a large black patch on the dise

excepted) and legs (the infuseate posterior femora and tibiz

excepted) testaceous ; elytra cyaneous or green, with a rather

broad elongate whitish patch at the sides below the base;

metasternum and abdomen black. Head broad, minutely

punctate, hollowed and smoother in the centre anteriorly ;

antenne long, joint 1 elongate, subconical, compressed,

3 and 4 widened and compressed, 4 much longer than 3 and

slightly produced at the outer apical angle, 5-10 short ;

joints 3 and 4 of maxillary palpi enormously developed,

4 securiform., Prothorax transverse. LElytra moderately

elongate, closely, very finely punctate. Anterior tarsi

4-jointed.

?. Head bluish-black, unimpressed in the middle in

front; antenne shorter and more slender, joints 1-5 or 6 (a

faint streak on 1 excepted) testaceous ; palpi black ; auterior

and intermediate femora infuscate at the base.

Length 2-25 mm.

Hab. 8. Arnica, Cape of Good Hope’ (type of Erichson),

Malvern, Estcourt, and Frere, Natal (Dr. Marshall, Mus.

Cape Town, Mus. Durban), River Limpopo®.

C. albilateris and C. nobilis seem to have been each based

upon a single female example, the former having the legs

and antenne testaceous, and both having the head black, a

character distinguishing them from the same sex of nearly

all the allied forms. In the absence of the ¢ of C. albilateris,

it cannot be certainly identified; but the name can quite

well be used for the species with a black-headed 9. Three

3 o and five 2 2, one of the latter labelled as having been

compared with the type of C. nodilis (which is said to have

the antennal joints 5-7 slightly infuscate externally), are

referred to the present species. The ¢ differs from that of

C, plagiatus, Ab., in having the head hollowed and smoother

in the middle in front and the black basal portion extending

348 Mr. G. C. Champion on

forward on each side within the juxta-ocular flavous spot or

streak ; and the fourth autennal jomt curved, compressed,

and longer than the third.

13. Colotes plagiatus. (Pl. VI. fig. 34, antenna, 3.)

Pseudocolotes plagiatus, Ab. Rey. d’Ent. xix. pp. 163, 167 (¢) (1900) *.

d. Head subtriangular, testaceous, black at the base,

feebly bi-impressed anteriorly and also impressed in the

middle between the eyes, closely punctulate ; antenne long,

joints 1-6 testaceous, 1 with a long streak, and 3 and 4 with

a rounded spot above, black, 7-11 more or less infuscate,

1 elongate, conical, 3 and 4 widened, subequal ; [ maxillary

palpi now wanting in type, but described as. “red, with

joints 3 and 4 short, cupuliform, and subcylindric but

difficult to see” ]; prothorax testaceous, with a large tri-

cuspid black patch on the anterior part of the disc; elytra

blue, with a moderately long whitish patch at the sides below

the base, finely punctured ; legs testaceous, the posterior

tibise and femora infuscate ; anterior tarsi 4-jointed.

Length 2mm.

Hab. 8. Arnica, Hebron, Vaal River, near Kimberley '.

Redescribed from the unique g¢ type. The insect here

referred to C. albilateris, Er., has a black head in the ?.

14. Colotes rotundicollis, sp. n.

9. Elongate, widened posteriorly, finely pubescent,

moderately shining ; head (a transverse black space extend-

ing across the vertex excepted) and prothorax (an elongate-

triangular black patch extending down the anterior part of

the dise excepted) rufo-testaceous ; antennal joints 1-4 (a

dark streak on 1 above excepted) testaceous, joints 5-11,

the palpi, metasternum, abdomen, and legs in great part,

black ; elytra metallic green, each with a narrow oblong

whitish patch at the sides below the base ; the head and pro-

thorax obsoletely punctulate, the elytra densely, very finely

punctate. Head narrower than the prothorax, triangular,

obliquely narrowed behind the eyes; antennz long, filiform,

joint 1 elongate, moderately thickened. Prothorax a little

broader than Jong, convex, rounded at the sides. Elytra

long, incompletely covering the abdomen.

Length 3 mm.

Hab. N.W. Ruovesia, R. Kafue, Mwengwa (/7. C. Doll-

man: 20. vil. 1913).

One specimen. Near C. albilateris, Er., the antennze

the S. African Species of Dinometopus, Sc. 349

longer, the head obliquely narrowed at the base, testaceous

in its anterior half and also behind the eyes; the prothorax

less trausverse and more rounded at the sides; the whitish

lateral patch on the elytra less extended forwards; the legs

black, the extreme bases of the tibiw excepted.

15. Colotes unifasciatus. (PI. VI. fig. 35, antenna, ¢.)

Q. Coletes unifasciatus, Boh. Ins, Caffr, i. 2, p. 474 (1851).

¢. Shining, the head and prothorax almost smooth, the

elytra rather coarsely punctured ; nigro-ceeruleous or black,

the front of the head, labrum, palpi, joint 1 of antenne,

and anterior tibize testaceous, the elytra with a transverse

flavous fascia before the middle, the rest of the antenum and

legs infuseate or black. Head subtriangular, rather small,

foveate in the middle between the eyes; antennz long,

joint 1 elongate, curved, greatly thickened, slender at the

base, convex externally ; joints 3 and 4 of maxillary palpi

enormously thickened, imbricate, 4 securiform. Prothorax

transverse, very convex. Elytra depressed below the base,

slightly widened posteriorly. Anterior tarsi 4-jointed.

9. Head nigro-ceruleous ; antennz shorter and more

slender, joint 1 smaller, pyriform ; palpi infuscate ; elytra

much widened posteriorly.

Length about 2 mm.

Hab. 8S. Arnica, River Limpopo (type of Boheman),

Isipingo beach N. (Mus. Durban).

Redescribed from two ¢ ¢ and one 9.

16. Colotes subfasciatus, sp. n.

(Pl. VI. fig. 36, maxillary palpus, ¢.)

g. Oblong-oval, convex, shining, finely pubescent ; black,

the antennal joints 1-4, a moderately broad transverse

patch or fascia below the base of each elytron (wideved out-

wards and not reaching the suture), and the legs (the

femora in part excepted) testaceous ; head and prothorax

almost smooth, the elytra closely, coarsely punctate. Head

subtriangular, unimpressed, scarcely as wide as the pro-

thorax ; antenne moderately long, rather slender, joint

elongate, compressed, stout; joints 3 and 4 of maxillary

large, free, subquadrate, 3 sharply angulate at the apex

above. Prothorax transverse, convex. Elytra rounded at

the sides posteriorly. Anterior tarsi simple, 4-jointed.

9. Head as in ¢; antenue shorter, joint 1 shorter and

less thickened ; wings present or wanting.

350 Mr. G, C. Champion on

Length 14-2 mm.

Hab. 8. Arrica, Salisbury, 8. Rhodesia (Dr. Marshall).

Two ¢ ¢ and two 2 2, found on various dates between

April 1894 and June 1899. Smaller than C. sellatus, Ab.

(? only known); the elytra with a narrower, incomplete,

testaceous fascia, which does not extend to so near the

suture, and the puncturing coarser. C. subfasciatus is

nearly related to C. (Antidipnis) punctatus, Er., with which

the Indian C. gorhami, Champ. (=punctatus, Gorh.), is

congeneric.

17. Colotes sellatus.

Colotes sellatus, Ab. Rey. d’Ent. xix. pp. 168, 165 (9) (1900).

Hab, S. Arrica, Vryburg, Bechuanaland.

A small, convex, shining black insect; the elytra with a

very broad, transverse, testaceous fascia (widened outwards

and extending to near the shoulder, and almost reaching the

suture) below the base, and the surface densely, rather

coarsely punctate ; the base of the antenne, and the legs in

great part, testaceous. The ? type has been lent me by

Dr. Péringuey.

18. Colotes capensis.

(Pl. VI. fig. 37, maxillary palpus, 3.)

? Pseudocolotes capensis, Pic, L’Echange, xx. p. 11 (9 ) (1904).

? Pseudocolotes notatithorax, var. flavonotatus, Pie, l.c. (dQ).

Var. Black or bluish-black, the prothorax, and sometimes

the head also in @, the basal half or more of the antenne,

a transverse or common triangular apical patch extending

forward along the elytral suture, and the legs wholly or in

part, testaceous.

3g. Head rather small, unimpressed ; antennze moderately

long, joint 1 narrow, simple ; ; joints 3 and 4 of maxillary

palpi black or testaceous, 4 very large, oblong, obliquely

truncate at tip, 3 moderately stout, transverse ; anterior

tarsi 4-jointed.

Hab. 8. Arrica, Dunbrody (types of Pic), Malvern and

Estcourt, Natal, and Salisbury, S. Rhodesia (Dr. Marshall).

A 9 from Malvern, bluish-black in colour, with a common,

triangular, testaceous apical patch, agrees with the description

of C. capensis; six others, 3 g g and 3 @ 2, including

another ¢ from Malvern, seem to correspond with his

flavonotatus, These specimens are allied to C, (Antidipnis)

the S. African Species of Dinometopus, ce. 351

punctatus, Er., which also has a variety with a reddish pro-

thorax (colon, Ab.); they have, however, a much smaller

third joint to the maxillary palpi in the ¢*. The four small

Halticiform Colotes from 8. Africa named by Pic may prove

to be forms of one variable species when a longer series of

them is obtained.

19. Colotes notatithoraz.

Pseudocolotes notatithorar, Pic, L’Echange, xx. p. 11 (2) (1904)

[? excl. var. flavonotatus, Pic, l.c.(d 2)).

Hab. 8. Arnica, Dunbrody.

Two females of C. notatithoraz, Pic, are before me. They

are broader and more convex than his C. innotatus, and have

the head wholly or in part black, the prothorax testaceous,

with a transverse black patch on the anterior part of the

dise, the elytra uniformly bluish-black, the antenne testa-

ceous in their basal half and black thence to the tip, and the

legs (the posterior femora and tibiz excepted) testaceous.

C. notatithorax is compared with Colutes buccator, Ab., but

it cannot bear any resemblance to that species.

20. Colotes innotatus.

Pseudocolotes (?) innotatus, Pic, L’Echange, xix. p. 164 (2 ) (1903).

Hab. 8. Arrica, Dunbrody.

A 2 from Manini River, Portuguese E. Africa (Dr. Mar-

shall), may belong to this species? It differs from an

immature C. innotatus lent me by Dr. Péringuey in having

the elytra more coarsely punctured. A very small, convex,

oval, shining black insect, superficially resembling a species

of Longitarsus or Aphthona, with very slender testaceous

antenne and legs, and inflated elytra.

CoLProMETOPUS.

Colpometopus, Abeille de Perrin, Rey. d’Ent. xix. p. 170 (1900).

This genus is based upon a S. African insect with the

palpi very similarly shaped in the two sexes, joint 4 fusiform ;

the antenne ll-jointed. The ¢ with a stout, elongate,

excavate basal joint to the antenna, the head broad,

triangular, and deeply transversely suleate anteriorly, and

the anterior tarsi 4-jointed. A smaller, similarly-coloured

* See Duval’s figure of the palpi of Antidipnis punctatus, Er.

(=rubripes, Duy.), Gen, Coleopt. Europ. iii. pl. 44, tig. 317,

352 Mr. G. C. Champion on

form, with the face whitish in the @, is referred to Colpo-

metopus, both species having metallic elytra and the sides of

the prothorax usually rufo-testaceous. Homaodipnis, Duv.,

to which a S. African representative is here added, also

has 4-jointed anterior tarsi in g, and simple palpi, but differs

in the form of the basal joint of the anteunz in that sex.

The 2 of C. basicornis is apterous.

1. Colpometopus basicornis.

(Pl. VI. fig. 38, head, 3.)

Troglops basicornis, Fairm. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxxviii. p. 655(d 2)

(1894) *.

Colpometopus pithecus, Ab. Rey.d’Ent. xix. pp. 164, 170(¢ 2) (1900) *.

3. Antenne with joint 1 very stout, elongate, compressed,

concave on its inner aspect, 4 longer than 3, 4-10 subequal

in length; head black, triangular, with a deep transverse

sulcus extending completely across the upper surface behind

the points of insertion of the antenne, and also transversely

hollowed in the middie behind this, the cavity limited on each

side anteriorly by a small oblique tuberculiform plica; elytra

subparallel.

2. Antenne with joint 1 smaller and less elongate ; head

simply transversely depressed on each side before the eyes;

elytra much widened posteriorly, not nearly covering the

abdomen; wings wanting.

Var. The prothorax narrowly testaceous at the sides or

wholly metallic. (.)

Hab. S. Arica, Cape Town '? (Simon, Péringuey), Stellen-

bosch (Péringuey), Table Mountain (W. Bevins}, Caledon

District (Lightfoot), Port Nolloth, Namaqualand (Mus.

Durban: vavr., 2).

There is a long series of this species in the Cape Town

Museum. The three 2? ? sent me from the Durban Museum

have the prothorax cyaneous. Found at Cape Town under

large decaying sea-bamboo plants (Ecklonia) which are

thrown on the beach and left there to rot, the insect

preying on the fly-maggots living in the partly decomposed

mass (L. P.).

2. Colpometopus leucostomus, sp. 0.

(Pl. VI. fig. 39, head, g.)

3. Moderately elongate, finely cinereo-pubescent,shining;

head whitish, black at the base; antennz and palpi testa-

ceous, the outer five or six joints of the former more or

the S. African Species of Dinometopus, Le. 353

less infuscate and the tips of the latter black ; prothorax,

scutellum, metasternum, and abdomen bluish-black, the

sides of the prothorax broadly testaceous (the broad median

vitta with an oblique ramus on each side in one example) ;

elytra cyaneous ; legs testaceous, the femora and the posterior

tibize wholly or in part bluish-black. Head broad, sub-

triangular, flattened in front, the intraocular space narrowly

sulcate down the middle, the epistoma limited behind by a

deep transverse sulcus, which is sometimes interrupted in

the centre (fig. 39) ; antenne long, rather stout, joint |

elongate, much thickened, hollowed within, and angulate

at the inner apical angle; joint 4 of maxillary palpi narrow,

subfusiform, Prothorax strongly transverse, rounded at

the sides, narrowed posteriorly. Elytra moderately long,

closely, finely punctate. Anterior tarsi 4-jointed.

?. Head bluish-black, the epistoma and labrum only

testaceons ; antennz slightly infuscate (joint 2 excepted),

shorter and more slender, joint 1 moderately elongate,

simple, with a dark streak above; palpi as in Q, slightly

infuscate ; wings present.

Length 23-3 mm.

Hab. 8. Arrics, Cape Town (A. Raffray and L. Péringuey :

Mus. Cape Town).

Ten examples, including five males. Smaller than C. basi-

cornis, Fairm. (=pithecus, Ab.), the legs partly testaceous,

the prothorax more transverse; the ¢ with the inter-ocular

portion of the head flattened (not excavate), the face whitish

and deeply transversely sulcate, and the basal joint of the

antennz hollowed within and angulate at the tip. An

apterous ? from the same locality may belong here ?

Homa@opiPNIis.

Homeodipnis, Duval, Glanures Ent. 1. p. 47 (1859-1860); Gen. Col,

Europ. iii. p. 178 (1859-1863).

Colotes, Er., subgen. Homeodipnis, Duy., Abeille de Perrin, Ann, Soe,

Ent. Fr. 1890, pp. 257, 258.

The type of this genus or subgenus, H. javeti, Duv., of

the Mediterranean Region, is a small insect nearly related

to Colotes, Er., type C. maculatus, Cast. (drinotatus, Kr.) , with

simple maxillary palpi in the two sexes. A S. African

insect, with the head excavate in front in the ¢ and the

fourth joint of the palpi slender in the two sexes is referred

to it, this species having the third antennal joint very

peculiarly shaped in the male. ‘The 9? is inseparable from

Colotes.

354 Mr. G. C. Champion on

1. Homeodipnis luniger, sp. n.

(Pl. VI. figs. 40, head, 40a, antenna, ¢.)

¢. Moderately elongate, finely cinereo-pubescent, the

head and prothorax subopaque, the elytra shining; head

testaceous, the vertex black ; antennz black, joints 1-4 and

the palpi (except at the tip) testaceous; prothorax testaceous,

with a large anteriorly-emarginate black patch on the disc ;

elytra fusco-ceeruleous or greenish, with a narrow whitish

stripe at the sides extending to beyond the middle; anterior

aud intermediate legs (the bases of the femora excepted)

testaceous, the posterior pair, metasternum, and abdomen

black; elytra finely, closely punctate. Head broad, sub-

triangular, very deeply, transversely excavate and trifoveate

anteriorly, and with an oblique groove on each side near the

eyes, the epistoma tumid, shining, angulate in the middle

behind; antenne long, joint 1 elongate, stout, compressed,

and slightly curved, 2 short, 3 U-shaped, 4-10 subequal,

longer than broad ; maxillary palpi simple, similar to those

of 2, joint 4 narrow, subfusiform. Prothorax transverse.

Elytra moderately long. Anterior tarsi 4-jointed.

9. Head smaller, unimpressed, testaceous in front;

antennz slender, much shorter; prothorax with the discoidal

patch sometimes divided down the middle.

Length 2 mm.

Hab. 8. Arnica, Salisbury, S. Rhodesia (Dr. Marshall).

Ten specimens, including seven males.

ANEXODES.

Anexodes, Abeille de Perrin, Rey. d’Ent. xix. p. 163 (Sept. 1900).

Anexodes was based upon 2 2? of two small S. African

forms, a specimen of each of which has been lent me by

Dr. Péringuey for examination. ‘The first of these, A. albi-

cauda, is here treated as the sexual complement of Dinome-

topus (Hedybius) cavifrons, Boh., type g. The second,

A. longiventris, belongs to a genus resembling Helcogaster,

Boh., and Carphurus, Er., both numerous in species in the

Malayan Region and Australia, genera characterised by

their greatly elongated abdomen and short elytra in the two

sexes. A species allied to Anexodes longiventris has been

captured by Dr. Brauns, and the ¢-characters are given

below under the description of that insect ; A. longiventris

can be taken as the type of the genus. The projecting

Panpeey + * mom ed

ae a nT

Se a ee ee

i oe ee ee ee ee

vig Reed ort

8 a se gla EAE i ena gli ALLE LITLE TEES A

the S. African Species of Dinometopus, ce. 355

vesicles are visible at the front angles of the prothorax in

A. perrini. The g of the latter has the anterior tarsi formed

as in Adéalus, the head and elytra simple, aud the antennal

joints 5-11 strongly flabellate.

1. Anexodes longiventris.

Anexodes longiventris, Ab. loc. cit. pp. 163, 165 (2).

Hab. 8. Arnica, Hamman’s Kraal, near Pretoria (2. Simon:

1893).

Numerous examples are stated to have been captured,

apparently all 92 9. A shining black form, with an oblong

white patch on the outer part of each elytron below the base,

and a smaller common triangular white patch at the sutural

angles,

2. Anexodes perrini,sp.n. (PI. VI. fig. 41, antenna, ¢.)

6. Elongate, depressed, shining, finely pubescent; zneous

or nigro-zeneous, the elytra sometimes greenish,the tibiz and

tarsi in part, and the abdominal sutures, testaceous. Head

narrower than the prothorax, closely, rather strongly

punctate, longtudinally bi-impressed anteriorly ; antennz

moderately long, joint 1 stout, 2 very short, 3 and 4 long,

widened, 3 angularly dilated towards the apex and 4

arcuately produced at the base within, 5-11 each furnished

with a very long, slender, pilose ramus. Prothorax trans-

verse, rounded at the sides, narrowed behind ; closely, finely

punctate, almost smooth on the disc, which is interruptedly

canaliculate down the middle and distinctly foveate at the

base. Elytra wider than the prothorax, subparallel, short,

covering about half the abdomen shagreened and rugulosely

punctate. Anterior tarsal joints 1 and 2 slightly thickened,

2 nigro-pectinate along the oblique outer edge.

g. Antenne short, feebly serrate, the basal joints testa-

ceous ; head narrower ; terminal four abdominal segments

exposed ; tibize wholly or in part testaceous.

Var. Prothorax with the base or hind angles reddish.

Length 24-34 mm.

Hab. S. Arnica, Willowmore [type] (Dr. Brauns:

30. xi. 1903: g ¢), Kimberley (Mus. Cape Town: 9, var.:

1912).

Described from two pairs from Willowmore and two 2 ?

of the variety taken at Kimberley. Separable from A. longi-

356 Mr. G. C. Cliampion on

ventris, Ab., by the roughly sculptured, immaculate elytra,

the closely punctured head, ete. The ¢ tarsal structure

removes 4. perrini from Carphurus and its allies.

HELCOGASTER.

Helcogaster, Boheman, Res. Eugen. p. 81 (1858).

The Rhodesian insect referred to this genus is allied to

the Hawaiian H. pectinatus, Sharp; but it differs from Helco-

gaster, as adopted by Lea in 1909 and 1921*%, in having the

head simple in the two sexes, the antenne strongly pectinate

in g, and the basal joint of the anterior tarsi in this sex

simply thickened and without comb. Boheman’s types were

from Australia and their sex not stated. His genus is

doubtfully distinct from Carphurus, Er. Both are abun-

dantly represented in Australia, the Malayan Region, South

India, ete.

1. Helcogaster vitreatus, sp. n.

(Pl. VI. fig. 42, antenna, ¢.)

3. Moderately elongate, shining, clothed with scattered,

erect, bristly hairs ; black, the two basal joints of the antennz

testaceous beneath, the elytra each with an elongate, broad,

oblique, translucid, flavescent patch extending downward

from the shoulder to near the apex ; the head and prothorax

very sparsely, minutely, the elytra strongly, diffusely punc-

tured. Head short, narrower than the prothorax, simply

bi-impressed in front, as in 2; antennz rather short, stout,

strongly pectinate from joint 4 onward. Prothorax broader

than long, rounded at the sides. Elytra wider than, and

about twice the length of, the prothorax, leaving five abdo-

minal segments exposed. Legs rather stout ; tarsi compara-

tively short, joint 1 of anterior pair much stouter than 2-4,

without comb; posterior tibize curved.

9. Antenne shorter, sharply serrate; anterior tarsal

joints 1-4 short, subequal ; posterior tibiz straight.

Length 43 mm.

Hab. N.W. Ruopesia, Nama-ula (H. C. Dollman:

ix. 1914). One pair.

* Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1909, p. 218; Trans. R. Soc. S. Australia,

xly. p. 107 (1921).

the &. African Species of Dinometopus, &e. 357

Alphabetical numbered list of species enumerated in the present

paper ; the generic names in brackets abbreviated thus :

A.= Anewodes, Ch.=Chalicorvides, C.=Chalicorus,

Col. = Colotes, Colp.= Colpometopus, D.= Dinometopus,

H.=Helcogaster, Ho.=Homeodipnis, M.= Matupus,

O.= Olistherarthrus, S.= Sphinginopalpus,T.= Troglops ;

those marked with an asterisk are described as new,

*abeillei (O.), 1

agnatus (Col.), 9

albilabris (S.), 8

albilateris(C.), 12.

albonotatus (D.), 4.

*atripennis (S.), 10.

basicornis (Colp.), 1

*bidens (S.), 1.

biguttatus (T.), 2.

*bisellatus (C.), 3

buecator (Col.), 10.

capensis (Col. ) 18.

cavifrons (D.), 1.

*chloropterus (Col. 52s

*cicindeloides (T.), 3.

collaris (S.), 6.

cribripennis (Col.), 3.

cyanopterus (Col. 1

diversifrons (D. ane

donckieri (T. yd

*feroculus (D.), 2

*flavofasciatus (C. ), 2.

*flavomarginatus S. Vit

furmicarius (S.), 4.

formicoides (S.), 7

*frontalis (Col.), 5.

innotatus (Col.), 20.

*leucostomus (Colp.), 2.

limbatus (S.), 12.

*longidens (S.), 3

longiventris (A.), 1.

*luniger (Ho.), 1

myrmecodes (8.), 5.

*nasutus (Col.), 6

*neayei (T.), 4.

*nodosicornis (T.), 6.

*notaticornis (C.), 11.

notatithorux (Col.), 19.

oneili (Col.), 8.

oneili (S.), 2.

*peninsularis (Ch.), 2

*peringueyi Ors ), 5

*perrini (A.), 2.

*petrensis (M ), 1

*pictifrons (Col.), 4.

plagiatus (Col.), 13,

*plumbeus (T.), 7

*raffrayi (S.), 13.

*rotundicollis (Col.), 14,

sellatus (Col.), 17.

*semiceruleus (T.), 8

*semicinctus (Ch.), 3.

*subfasciatus (Col.), 16.

testaceifrons (D.), 3

*tetrastigma (S.), 9

*tricornutus (T.), 5

triguttatus (Ch.), 1.

*trigonus (Col.), 7

unifasciatus (Col.), 15.

vinula (C.), 1

*vitreatus (H.), 1.

SynonyMs, VARIETIES, ETC.

albicauda (D.), 1

albifrons (S.), 5

barkeri (S.), 4

brachypterus (D.), 1

croceomaculatus (D.), 3

ferox (D.), 1.

flavonotatus (Col.), 18.

martini (S.), 6.

natalensis (D.), 1

nobilis (C.), 12.

pithecus (Colp.), 1.

SPECIES NOT IDENTIFIED.

apicalis, Pic (S.), see p. 331.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES

do only figured.

PuarE IV.

Fig. 1. Dinometopus cavifrons, Boh., head.

Fig. 2. 9

Fig. 3. -

Feroculus, sp. n. ‘head.

testaceifr ons, Pic, head.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. x.

358 On the S. African Species of Dinometopus, ce.

Fig. 4. Dinometopus albonotatus, Pic, head.

: 9 peringueyt, sp. n., head.

F ug. 6. 93 diver sifrons, Pic, "head.

Fig. 1. Fr oglops donckiert, Pic, head.

ig. oe biguttatus, Redt., head.

FGF > gy cicindeloides, sp. n. , head.

ig. 10, om gt neavet, sp NL, head.

Fig. 11 % tricornutus, sp. n., head, in profile.

Fig. 12 = nodosicornis, sp. n., head.

Fig. 12a; «4, ») antenna.

Fag. 18..°. 5, plumbeus, sp. n., head,

Fig. 14. semiceruleus, sp. n., head.

Figs. 15, 15a. Chalicorus vinula, Er., ‘head and prothorax.

Fig. 166, x “ » antenna.

Fig. 16. » flavofascratus, sp.n., head and prothorax, in

profile.

PuatTe V.

Fig. 17. Chalcoroides (gen. nov.) triguttatus, Ab., head.

Fig. 18. i peninsularis, sp. n., head.

Fig. 19. Matopius (gen. nov.) ee sp. n., head and prothorax.

1g. 194. », antenna.

Fig. 20. Sphinginopalpus bidens, sp. n., antenna.

Fig. 20a. 7, f 3 ” maxillary palpus.

Fig. 21. . oneil Pic, antenna.

Fig. 22. ss formicarius, Gorh., antenna.

Fig. 23. limbatus, Pic, antenna,

Fig. 24. Olistherarthrus (gen. nov.) abezllet, sp. n.

Fig. 25. Colotes cyanopterus, Gorh., head, from in front.

Fig. 25a. ,, E » antenna.

Fig. 256. ,, », maxillary palpus.

fag 2G,” os cribripennis, Ab., head, from in front.

Fig. 26a. ,, Ay antenna.

Fig. 266. ,, », maxillary palpus.

TAGielns bss pictifrons, sp. n., head, from in front.

Fig. 28. ,, frontalis, sp. n. , head,

Fig. 29. 5, = nasutus, sp. n., head.

PuaTE VI.

Fig. 30. Colotes trigonus, sp. n., head.

Fag. dl, gi! onetle, Pic, head.

Fig. 3la. ,, i », antenna.

Hig. S16: 5, maxillary palpus.

Fig. Da. -¥ agnatus, Ab., head.

Fig. 32a. ,, ” ’ maxillary palpus.

TG BOR iss albilateris, Kr. (nobilis, Boh.), antenna.

Fig. 34. 4, plagiatus, Ab., antenna.

» Unifasciatus, Boh., antenna,

Fig. 36. ,,_~— subfasciatus, sp. n., maxillary palpus.

Fig. 37. ,, capensis, Pic , maxillary palpus.

Fig. 38. Colpometopus bastcor nis, Fairm., head.

Fig. 39. leucostomus, sp. n. , head.

Fig. 40. Homeodipnis luniger, sp. n. , head.

Fig. 40a. s » 5» antenna,

Fig. 4). Anexodes perrint, sp. n., antenna.

Fig. 42. Helcogaster vitreatus, gp. n., antenna.

cries

Ann. § Mag. Nat. Hist. 8.9. Vol. X. Pl. IV.

CHAMPION

14+

OFT

AFRICAN MALACHIINA.

CHAMPION Ann. § Mag. Nat. Mist. S. 9. Vol. X. Pl. V.

4 3 B08

De EX

AFRICAN MALACHIINA.

41 OF Tassarr-

\ s

b..

-° .

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yer

AFRICAN MALACHIINA.

On South African Species of Hypolithus. 359

XLIT.—South African Species of the Genus Hypolithus,

Dejean. By C. N. Barker, F.E.S. (of the Durban

Museum).

Or all the Carabide the Harpalini are perhaps the most

difficult, and the species of the genus Harpalus, on account

of their numbers, their similarity of facies, and the wholly

insufficient descriptions of those that have been published,

are quite impossible of satisfactory treatment by anyone

who has not access to the scattered types for comparison.

The genus Hypolithus, however, although it includes a

fair number of species, and doubtless there are many more

yet to be found, has a less extended range, being principally

confined to the eastern side of our subcontinent, and on

that account they are better known to me. Of the consider-

able number described by Dr. Péringuey, most of them

were collected by my friends the Rev. J. A. O’Neil and

Dr. G. A. K. Marshall, and some by myself; co- or para-

types of all these are contained in the Durban Museum

collection.

There is a good deal of sexual variation among some of

the species, and it is therefore unfortunate that authors

have omitted to state whether both sexes or which sex is

represented in their descriptions.

In addition to eight new species described by me below,

there are individual examples of others that I have little

doubt will later prove to be good species, but the character-

istics of which are not sulliciently distinctive to be treated

on such limited material. 1 have appended, however, some

remarks on these beneath the headings of their nearest

allies, which may prove useful for later reference. All

types of species described by me are in the Durban Museum

collection. The table given below I trust may prove of

some use as a guide to the recognition of the species of this

genus. It is compiled principally on the general facies of

the insects, which, however, thus appear to group themselves

on fairly natural lines. ‘The transitions of one type into

another is usually so gradual—in some cases almost im-

perceptible—that it is extremely difficult to find definitions

for sections which satisfactorily express their distinctive

characteristics, and with the best will I do not pretend

to have succeeded otherwise than indifferently in my

attempt.

: 25*

360 Mr. C. N. Barker on

Table of South African Species.

(Those marked with asterisk known to me hy description only.)

1 (18). Pubescent in both sexes.

2 (9). Head and prothorax finely and densely

punctate, the latter approximately of

equal width at base and apex and

ampliate medially.

(4). Length 154-16} mm. ; width 6}-63 mm.

Broad, black, subopaque; elytra

narrowly striate, finely shagreened,

pubescence dense, yellow. Antennze

piceous, terminal joints reddish and

two first flavous; legs: femora

flavous, knees, tibise, and tarsidarker. 1. tomentosus, Boh.

4 (3). Length 14-142 mm.; width 53-6 mm.

Identical in shape and sculpture or

latter a trifle coarser. Antennal joints

and legs below knees darker, tibiz

and tarsi of posterior legs wholly

blacks} ) 4 fi Jeera at east stint one H. tetricus, Pér. ?

5 (8). Length 15-16 mm.; width 5-53 mm.

Narrower, less opaque; prothorax

more attenuated at base and apex ;

usually with narrow ferruginous mar-

gins; antenne and legs unicolorous. H. porrectus, Pér.

(3). Length 13 mm.; width 5 mm. Pro-

thorax less plane, hind angles sharp,

with no sinuation above the angles.

Antenne and palpi testaceous red,

last joints of latter tipped with fla-

vous. Legs black, except deep red

cox and tarsi. Elytra obscurely

iridescent, strize deep, finely punctate,

intervals convex, very faint seriate

punctures on alternate intervals.... HH. mozambicus, sp. n.

7 (6). Length 93-12 mm.; width 33-43 mm.

Black, very briefly and densely pu-

bescent. Prothorax flatter, sides very

little contracted to base, which is

wider than apex ; elytra subparallel,

not much wider than base of pro-

thorax +. Antenne, palpi, margins

of prothorax, and legs flavescent.

Seriate punctures on alternate inter-

vals faint, sometimes absent. Widely

ranged with considerable local varia-

HONEY. 4). Jesu. ste see entire Se H. holosericeus, De}.?

8 (7). Length 93-10 mm.; width 33-3? mm.

Shape similar. Head black; elytra

also black, with margins and macules

lor)

t+ A well-defined race of this species from Salisbury, S. Rhodesia, has

the prothorax more contracted to base and the elytra less parallel, more

oblong-ovate.

South African Species of Hypolithus. 361

on alternate intervals of dorsum fla-

vescent ; beneath piceous ; antenne,

palpi, legs, and prothorax flavescent,

the latter with an infuscate patch on

the middle basal area ............ HI, eschiri, Dej.

9 (8). Length 12-13 mm., width 5mm. Colour

and pattern similar, infuscate parts

of elytra iridescent (vide Trans. 8.

Afr. Phil. Soe. vol. viii. p. 432) .... *H. saponarius, Oliv.

10 (15). Head and prothorax more remotely

punctate, the latter short, widest

above middle, more or less sinuately

attenuated to base.

1] (12). Length 7-8 mm.; width 23-3? mm,

Testaceous vellow; head, prothorax,

and beneath darker, more reddish ;

two longitudinal vitte (sometimes

absent) on thorax, and a broad scu-

tellar band from base, but not reach-

ing apex, eneous black. Prothorax

not much sinuately contracted to

base, which is about as wide as apex. H. audens, Pér.

12 (11). Description (vide Annals 8. Afr. Mus.

vol. vy. p. 277) agrees with that of

“ qudens,” except that the abdomen

is stated to be black. A very doubt-

SUR SPOCIO ig! sis lao biet WS aa doh EUey ata HI. cruentulus, Pér.

13 (14). Length 9 mm.; width 31 mm. Black;

elytra metallic blue-black; antenne,

palpi, prothoracic margins, and legs

reddish testaceous. Head and pro-

thorax moderately closely punctate.

Obsolete seriate punctures on inter-

vals 5 and 5 of elytra. Both sexes. H. punctulatus, Boh.

14 (13). Length 8; mm.; width 2? mm. Simi-

larly coloured, much narrower and

more depressed; prothorax more

attenuated to base, subcordiform.

Puncturation of head and prothorax

deeper and more remote. Seriate

punctures on intervals 3, 5, and

sometimes on 7. Females only .... H. tenuissimus, sp. n.

15. Length 7? mm.; width 3mm. Pale

testaceous brown. Legs, antenna,

and palpi flavescent ; head and pro-

thorax metallic-glossed ; elytra, ex-

cept narrow gt ap and some

tessellated spots of ground-colour,

deep brown. Prothorax very short,

subcordiform, hind angles acute.

Puncturation of head and prothorax

fine, dense. The proper we for

this species is very doubtful, and no

near allies are known to me. Two

fomales only oiyisessiierdea cuss: H, strenuus, Pér.

> 16 (25), Prothorax not or a little wider at base

than at apex. Head and prothorax,

362 Mr. C. N. Barker on

except the basal depressions, smooth

or very faintly aciculate ; more or

less brightly iridescent species.

17 (18). Length 93 mm.; width 3mm. _ Black.

Antenne and palpi testaceous red,

legs deep red, and the tibie piceous

or darker red. Elytra parallel, strize

deep, intervals convex and densely

aciculate-punctate ; spaced punctures

on intervals 3, 5, and 7. Two males

6.0 8.68 4 Reeve em), BS S 8 Ow she |e ewe

cated. Elytral intervals less convex,

shagreening finer, spaced punctures

absent or obsoletely present on inter-

vals 3 and 5. Several of both sexes.

19 (22). Females pubescent, males glabrous.

20 (21). Length 9-10 mm.; width 3-3} mm.

Black, brightly iridescent ; antenne,

palpi, margins of prothorax, and legs

flavescent to reddish testaceous. Pro-

thorax gently rounded, little (one-

quarter) wider than long, margins

widely reflexed, hind angles rounded,

striz deep, intervals a little convex,

finely shagreened, seriate punctures

on intervals 3 and 5, rarely faintly

on 7. . Allmales7. as sia bee ceek

21 (20), Length 9-10} mm., width 33-4 mm.

Identical with above in every respect,

except that tbe elytra are briefly

pubescent and the intervals between

striee plane. All females ........

22 (20-21). Length 94-103 mm.;width3}-33 mm.

Coloration identical. Differentiation

of sexes similar to that of “ caffer”

eum “ glaber.”’ Prothorax similarly

shaped, but more transverse and more

convex at apex ; elytral striz finer,

aciculation of intervals as fine but

less dense, and quite plane in both

sexes. Seriate punctures on third,

fifth, and seventh, « bouc - dha pints ¥

23 (41). Glabrous in both sexes,

24 (22). Length 83-93 mm.; width 3-3} mm.

Anteunal joints above 3rd more or

less infuscated; prothorax shorter,

sides very gently and evenly rounded,

and less narrowed to base, hind angles

sharp. Seriate punctures on inter-

yals.3.ODLY., «c's <wit,7,<.cicae eee eee

25 (24). Length 8{-9 mm., width 3-33 mm.

Coloration the same, but elytra (¢)

HT, optivus, Pér.

H. imitativus, Pér.

H. glaber, Boh.

(of glaber, probably.

H. caffer, Boh., female

H, legitimus, sp. n.

HI. rivalis, Pér.

South African Species of Hy polithus. 363

obscurely, (2) sometimes hardly

perceptibly, iridescent. Prothorax

more elongate, front angles more

declivous, sides more briefly ampliated

and straighter to hind angles, which

are obtusely right; margins of elytra

more widely reflexed, puncturation

less fine; seriate punctures con-

spicuous on intervals 3 and 5, rarely [=ovampoanus, Pér.

CRE CIN ar StU, a ov. phw 4.3 koe ake H., interstuialis, Boh.,

yellow. Prothorax a little more

transverse, similarly shaped, disc

densely aciculate-punctate, lateral

depressions and base moreso, Elytra

short, tapering to apex. Seriate

unctures on intervals 3and5 .... ZH. patruelis, Pér,

28 (27). Length 10 mm.; width 53mm. Black,

‘very shiny; legs, antenne, and palpi

deep testaceous red. Head and an-

terior part of prothorax smooth, the

latter a little convex, broad (3; by

2+), margins above the rounded hind

angles broadly reflexed and impressed

within. Puncturation of elytral

intervals fine with distinct remote

punctures on 3, 5, and 7. One fe-

MaRS ONEY wa vin'p'6 5: 0.0's SA REY Pa H, connexus, Pér.

29 (28). Length 8? mm.; width3}mm. Piceous

above, brightly glossed with metallic

green; antennz, mouth-parts, and

legs pale testaceous yellow. Pro-

thorax shaped like that of interstitia- ~

lis, but broader and with posterior

angles sharp, discaciculate and nearly

plane. Elytra short, parallel-sided,

seriate punctures on Intervals 3, 5,

and 7, very distinct. Onemaleonly. H. marshalli, sp, n.

30 (33). Prothorax plane above, gently, ob-

liquely ampliate from below front

angles, and hardly narrowed to base;

elytra elliptic in shape.

31 (29). Length 11-113 mm.; width 4 mm.

Black, very little shiny. Antenna,

alpi, and legs reddish testaceous.

Head and prothorax densely aciculate

punctate, the latter very transverse

(34 by 23), lateral basal impressions

broad and shallow, hind angles briefly

rounded. LElytra more elongate,

tapering to apex; intervals plane,

their puncturation fine and seriate,

364 Mr. C. N. Barker on

punctures on third and fifth only.

One of eBeh BBEIS 6 ainnh sik en se = I, differens, sp. n.

32 (31). Length 11 mm.; width 4mm. _ Black

with a greenish iridescent tinge to

elytra; legs and two first joints of

antenne flavous, the remainder of

latter ferruginous. Juxta-sutural

intervals of elytra convex and sub-

carinate. No seriate punctures on

intervals (wide description, Trans. S.

Afr. Phil. Soc. vol. vii. p. 435) .... *H. integer, Pér.

33 (81). Length 7}-73 mm.; width 3 mm. Black,

very shiny, faintly iridescent ; legs,

antenne, mouth-parts, and margins

of prothorax testaceous yellow. Pro-

thorax: shape similar, more de-

clivous at front angles, anteriorly

faintly aciculate, lateral basal im-

pressions densely punctulate. Shape

of elytra similar, striz aot intervals

broad and splat’ <caaclt tins wee HH, dubius, sp. n.

34 (88). Prothorax more abruptly ampliated

below front angles, obliquely and

very slightly narrowed to base ; base

and apex about equa] in width;

elytra parallel-sided.

35 (36). Length 63-63 mm.; width 24-24 mm.

Dark red-brown; legs, antenne,

mouth-parts, and margin pale testa-

ceous yellow. Prothorax very trans-

yerse, more than 4 wider than long;

elytra more slender and depressed ;

aciculation and puncturation of pro-

thorax and elytra coarser; spaced

punctures on third, fifth, and seventh

intervals. Many of both sexes .... H. castaneus, sp. n.

36 (35). Length 63-73 mm.; width 23-3 mm.

Black, with prothorax and head

piceous, the former suffusedly testa-

ceous-margined. Legs testaceous

yellow, antennz a shade deeper.

Elytra more or less iridescent. Pro-

thorax similar, a trifle wider, acicu-

lation and puncturation finer. Elytra

elongate, as broad as base of pro-

thorax, striation and puncturation

less coarse; seriate punctures simi-

larly placed. Many of both sexes.. 1. propinquus, sp. n.

37 (36). Length 62 mm.; width 2} mm. Black,

elytra ‘iridescent ; margins of pro-

thorax, elytra, and suture of latter

for a short distance above apex

yellowish to reddish testaceous. Pro-

thorax as in “ castaneus” a little less

wide. Sculpture a little finer, seriate

punctures similarly disposed. One

male and one female ........ cos | Hd, turbatas, Pér. 2

South African Species of Hypolithus. 365

38. Length 6% mm.; width 3mm. _ Black,

shiny, smooth; beneath obscurely

ferruginous ; antennz, palpi, and legs

testaceous yellow; prothorax wide,

margined with testaceous, etc. (vide

P. 201, Insecta Caffraria, Boheman).

imensions as given above differ-

entiates it from any JHypolithus

known to me, otherwise hardly separ-

able from propinguus .......0.00e * IT, melancholicus, Boh.

39 (41). Head relatively smaller, less retracted

within thorax, oblung-ovate, convex

species.

40 (41). Length 7 mm.; width 3mm. _ Black,

very iridescent, rarely not so; legs

testaceous yellow, tibiw and tarsi a

shade darker; antenn flavous with

all joints, except two first, lineated

xbeve with fuscous. Spaced punc-

tures faintly defined on third interval

Ce GRC ics Sie Mary 3, <= vk 2 H, difficilis, Pér.

41 (40). Length 7-74 mm.; width 23-3mm. A

trifle less ovate; prothorax similar,

but with posterior angles acute in-

stead of rounded. Dark metallic

green, iridescent ; elytra with a short

be wich es gba rd eee eee H, seitus, Pér.

vol. viii. p. 437. Markings and colo-

ration appear to be like those of

“ scitus,” but it is a much larger

insect. Quite unknown to me .... *H. ornatus, Pér.

Hypolithus holosericeus, Dej., and H. marginicollis, Boh.

Péringuey (Trans. S.A. Phil. Soe. vol. vii. p. 434) states

that he cannot differentiate the former from the latter,

though he admits that “ //olosericeus” is a little larger. He

gives the following as the dimensions of his “ holosericeus” :—

Length 11-13 mm., width 44-5 mm. Boheman for his

“ marginicollis” gives 12X5 mm. The species determined

for me by Dr. Peéringuey many years ago as H. holosericeus,

Dej., is a much smaller insect than the above, ten examples,

including both sexes, range from 93-11 mm. long by

34-44 mm. wide, and only one female example attains the

maximum of 1] mm.

As I am not in a position to compare this race with

Dejean’s “ holosericeus” and Boheman’s “ marginicollis,” I

am giving below a description of it, which in addition to its

deficiency in size shows some further minor differences.

366 Mr. C. N. Barker on

Hypolithus holosericeus, De}. ?

Above piceous, obscurely iridescent, densely clothed with

very short, pale yellowish pubescence. Head black, shiny ;

autennz, palpi, and labrum reddish yellow, the latter more

or less infuscate basally. Legs flavescent. Prothorax :

margins laterally, usually at apex and base medially, and

the epipleure red. Beneath piceous to piceous red.

Head hardly convex, short, transverse, densely and very

finely punctate, frontal impressions, on either side, slight

and transverse groove narrow.

Prothoraz very broad (34 by 2} mm.), wider at base than

at apex, the former truncate, shallowly emarginate medially,

the latter broadly emarginate, its angles rounded, mode-

rately declivous; sides gently ampliated to middle, very

little contracted to the sharply-rounded hind angles; dise

hardly convex, finely, densely, and evenly punctate, median

groove very short, reaching neither apex nor base, lateral

basal impressions broad, shallow.

Elytra hardly wider at base than base of prothorax, very

little widened immediataly below shoulders, sides straight to

beyond middle, gently rounded to and sinuate before apex,

hardly convex above, shortly pubescent and obscurely iri-

descent, moderately deeply striate, intervals plane, finely

shagreened, third, fifth, and seventh with obsolete spaced

punctures, but sometimes wanting.

Beneath smooth, shiny, impunctate.

Hab. Natal Coast districts. A common species.

A well-marked race of the above occurs at Salisbury,

S. Rhodesia, the size of which averages a trifle more (10-114

by 33-44 mm,). It differs as follows :—puncturation of

head and prothorax a little coarser and less dense, the latter

less transverse, the sides more contracted to base, which is

therefore considerably less wide than the elytra at base; the

elytra (especially in the females) are elongate-ovate, instead

of parallel as in both sexes of the Natal race, and the

puncturation of the elytral intervals is less fine and the

pubescence a little sparser.

Hab. Salisbury, S. Rhodesia. Collected by the Rev. J. A.

O’ Neil.

Since writing the above, I have received from Delagoa

Bay a female example, which in size (12 mm. long by 43 mm.

wide) agrees almost exactly with Boheman’s dimensions for

his ‘‘ marginicollis.” It is proportionately as transverse as

the Natal coastal race, but the puncturation of the head and

prothorax is coarser, like that of the South Rhodesian race.

South African Species of Hy polithus. 367

It differs from both these races in having the knees, tibize,

and tarsi, and all the joints of antennz, on the upper sides,

excepting the two first, darkened or browned. ‘The femora

and first two joints of antennz are pale flavescent. These

slight differences of coloration are analogous to what occurs

between H. tomentosus, Boh., and fetricus, Pér., referred to

below.

Hypolithus tomentosus, Boh., race tetricus, Pér.

Three examples of “ ¢etricus” (one male and two females)

from the place of their origin, Salisbury, S. Rhodesia, agree

exactly with the author’s description, except in size, which

ranges from 14 by 53 in the male to 144 by 6 mm. in the

females. The dimensions given by Péringuey are 123 by

5imm. H. tumentosus, Boh., varies considerably individually

in the depth of coloration of the antennz and the tibie and

tarsi of the legs. The tibie and tarsi are always a shade

darker than the femora, and the inner edges of the former

and the whole of the latter of the intermediate and posterior

legs are always more or less infuscated. In “ ¢etricus” the

same rule applies, but in a more extreme degree ; the knees,

tibie, and tarsi of the posterior (sometimes also of the

intermediates) being wholly black, those of the other pairs

being more or less infuscated with black.

The difference in puncturation and pubescence is of the

slightest, and the shapes are identical.

There is nothing that I can conceive that justifies the

acceptance of “ ¢etricus”” other than a geographical form or

race of Boheman’s tomentosus.

Hypolithus mozambicus, sp. n.

Length 13 mm.; width 5 mm,

Black, with very short pale pubescence and obscurely

iridescent. Antenne and palpi ferruginous, the terminal

joints of the latter tipped with flavous. Legs black, except

cox and tarsi, which are piceous red.

Head transverse, shiny, aciculate-punctate, frontal foveve

on either side deep, transverse line fine.

Prothoraz transverse (44 by 3 mm.), base wider than

apex, the former in the middle shallowly, the latter broadly

emarginate, frontal angles roundly produced, moderately

declivous, sides gently am pliate to middle, thence very little

inwardly inclined to posterior ang'es, which are bluntly

right, dise a little convex, finely subcon fluently punctate,

median line short interrupted above by well-defined arcuate

368 Mr. C. N. Barker on

transverse groove, lateral basal depressions broad, shallow,

reaching base.

Elytra: width at base about equal to base of prothorax,

truncate, very little ampliated below shoulders, sides nearly

straight and parallel to beyond middle, thence gently

rounded to and a little sinuate before apex, the margins

broadly and deeply reflexed, above punctate-striate, intervals

convex, subcostate above apical declivity, very minutely

shagreened, small seriate punctures on the third, fifth, and

seventh, numerous and more closely set posteriorly, space

within reflexed border very roughly sculptured towards apex.

Underside very shiny and iridescent, pectus and abdo-

men aciculate, metepisterna and pleure coarsely remotely

punctate.

A very distinct species with no very near ally known

to me. The shape of the prothorax is similar to that of

“* tymentosus,” but is less plane above, aud there is hardly a

trace of sinuation above the hind angles, which are also

sharper. The punctate striz, the subcostate intervals, the

closely-spaced punctures above the posterior declivity, and

the deeply-reflexed margins are all very distinctive features

of this species.

Hab. Inhambane, Portuguese E. Africa. Collected by

A. Bodong. Described from a single female example.

Hypolithus tenuissimus, sp. n.

Length 84 mm. ; width 2? mm.

Black above, deep red to piceous beneath, pubescent.

Legs, antenne, palpi, and margins (narrowly) of prothorax

flavescent. Elytra with a metallic-blue sheen in certain

lights ; the suture for some distance above apex, the lateral

margins, and the pygidium testaceous red. Base of the

mandibles, epistome, and labrum red to piceous red.

Head and prothorax coarsely, a little remotely punctate,

sparsely covered with a rather long yellowish pubescence ;

neck smooth, glabrous.

Prothoraz truncate at apex, frontal angles much depressed,

sides ampliately rounded for about one-third their length,

thence obliquely and straightly drawn in to base, which is

about one-fourth less wide than the apex, posterior angles

rounded, median groove broad and deep, lateral depressions

shallow, a little more densely punctate than rest of the

surface.

Elytra at base truncate, about one-third wider than base

of prothorax; shoulders squarely rounded, sides elongate,

South African Species of Hypolithus. 369

parallel, briefly rounded to and a little sinuate before apex,

depressed above, covered with a longish yellow pubescence,

strive well defined but not deep, intervals plane, densely and

finely punctulate, seriate punctures faintly indicated on

third, fifth, and sometimes on seventh intervals.

Underside subopaque, more or less aciculate-punctate,

abdomen very sparsely pubescent.

Nearly allied to H. punctulatus, Boh., but more depressed

and much more slender. ‘The prothorax more contracted to

base.

Hab. Salisbury, S. Rhodesia. Three females received

from the Rev. J. A. O'Neil. Male at present unknown to

me.

I have a single example (female) of a distinct species, near

to puncticollis, Boh., and tenuissimus, mihi, from Salisbury,

S. Rhodesia, Rev. J. A. O'Neil. In contour it is nearest

to the former, though smaller (74 by 34 mm.) and a little

more ovate. The puncturation of prothorax is closer and

nearly as coarse as that of “‘ ¢enuissimus.’ The colour is

deep chestnut (elytra darkest), with an zneous sheen and

covered with a yellowish pubescence.

Hypolithus audens, Pér., and H. cruentulus, Pér.

The description of H. cruentulus, Pér. (vide Ann, S. Afr.

Mus. vol. v. p. 277), from Salisbury, 8S. Rhodesia, agrees

fairly well with the same author’s description of H. audens,

Pér. (vide Trans. 8. Afr. Phil. Soc. vol. ix. p. 348), collected

by me on the Natal Coast, and I have every reason to

believe they are one and the same species. I have received

from Salisbury many specimens of what undoubtedly are

H, audens, Pér., which do not even show any local] variation

from those taken in Natal.

Dr. Péringuey describes the pectus of “audens” as piceous

and the underside of ‘‘ cruentulus”’ as black. Neither of

these descriptions is quite correct for the specimens, be

they from Natal or Rhodesia, that have passed through my

hands. Some are darker than others, but all may be

described as dull reddish beneath, more or less clouded with

fuscous between the abdominal segments. With the excep-

tion of one from Natal and two from Rhodesia, all my

specimens have on either side of the middle line of the pro-

thorax a longitudinal infuscated vitta and in one very dark

specimen these bands are sufficiently widened to nearly

coalesce, and the dorsal area of the elytra has a distinct

greenish aneous sheen.

370 Mr. C. N. Barker on

Hypolithus caffer, Boh., and H. glaber, Boh.

I owe it to the suggestion of Mr. H. E. Andrewes, a well-

known authority on Oriental Carabide, my present con-

viction that H. caffer, Boh., and H. glaber, Boh., are the

sexes of one and the same species, the former being the

female of the latter. Both of these have a wide South

African range, and, to the best of my knowledge, in those

places where the one occurs the other is also found, and only

males of ‘‘ glaber ” and females of “ caffer”’ are on record.

In shape and sculpture they are alike, except in those

slight details which are usual between the sexes; but the

elytra of “caffer” are pubescent, those of “ glaber,” as its

name implies, are not so, and this naturally gives them a

different appearance. There are, however, in fresh speci-

mens of “ glaber”’ some sparsely distributed hairs about the

posterior margius.

A very nearly allied species, which I am describing below

under the name “ /egitimus,” sp. n., shows identically

similar sexual differentiation.

Hypolithus legitimus, sp. n.

Length 93-104 mm.; width 34-34 mm.

Black; elytra very iridescent; piceous to piceous red

beneath. Legs, antenne, and palpi testaceous yellow ;

Jabrum and margins—narrowly—of prothorax, and the

epipleure of elytra deep red; elytra of males (except for a

little sparse pubescence about the posterior margins) glabrous,

of the females briefly pubescent *. )

Head smooth, glabrous, very convex in the posterior part,

frontal foveze inconspicuous.

Prothorax transverse (g 22x 2), anterior part smooth

or obsolescently aciculate, shallow basal depressions densely

aciculate-punctate, front shallowly bisinuate with the median

part convex, angles obtusely prominent, sides ampliated,

widest about middle, nearly evenly rounded from apex to

the rounded posterior angles ; base a little wider than apex,

median line short, intercepted above by the usual transverse

arcuate sulcation, the space between it and the front margin

distinctly raised to meet a corresponding convexity of base

of head.

* One female in my possession is as devoid of pubescence as the

average male,

South African Species of Hypolithus. 371

Elytra very little wider at base than base of prothorax,

briefly ampliated below shoulder, thence nearly straight to

beyond middle and gently rounded to apex, strive very fine,

hardly deeper in male than in female, intervals quite plane,

very iridescent, minutely and densely aciculate-punctate ;

conspicuous spaced punctures on third, fifth, aud seventh

intervals.

Very nearly allied to “ H. cafer” cum “ glaber,” Boh , but

differentiated as follows :—

Prothorax nearly similar in outline, but more transverse

and less contracted to base; posterior part of head and the

central frontal part of prothorax conspicuously more convex,

and the front angles of the latter more prominent. Elytra

relatively shorter, strize less deep, especially noticeable as

between males. Seriate punctures as conspicuous on seventh

as on the other intervals.

Description taken from two males and three females.

Hab. Malvern, Natal, collected by the author. Up to

now, I have taken it at or received it from this locality only.

H. glaber cum caffer also occurs at Malvern as in other places.

Hypolithus rivalis, Pér.

- The co-type (male) of this species (vide Ann. S. Afr. Mus.

vol. v. p. 279) belonging to the Durban Museum Collection

is before me, and I find that in some minor details it differs

from the author’s description, Referring to the remote

punctures, so often present on some of the elytral intervals,

the description says “insterstitiis tertiis quintoque punctis

majoribus seriatis nullis.’ The co-type has shallow but

distinct punctures on the third intervals. No mention is

made of the extreme fineness of the striation and punctura-

tion of the elytra, which is even finer than that of egitimus,

mihi, and glaber, Boh., and in the brightness of the iri-

descence it is only equalled by the males of these two

species.

To this species I have tentatively assigned two female

specimens collected by me on the Pungwe River, Mozam-

bique, which agree exactly with the male co-type in shape of

the prothorax, which in this species is very short and broad

(a full 3 mm. wide by 2} mm. long), and they also have the

hind angles subacute ; further the seriate punctures of the

elytra are limited to the third intervals only. They are,

however, a little smaller and less parallel-sided, and the

striation and puncturation are a trifle deeper and coarser.

372 Mr. C. N. Barker on

Two further specimens, a male from Nkusi River, Zulu-

land, and a female taken at light, Durban, appear to be the

sexes of another distinct species, which have the prothoraces

shaped exactly as in “ rivalis.” The dimensions of the male

are 10 mm. by 3? mm. and of the female 9 mm. by 34 mm.

The head is, however, more massive, with more conspicuous

frontal foveze and transverse sutures. ‘The sides of the elytra,

especially in the male example, are less parallel and taper

more to apices, as in ‘‘connexus”’ and other species that

follow. The seriate punctures are limited to the third

intervals as in rivalis, but the striation and puncturation are

deeper and coarser. Their coloration is black, faintly iri-

descent in the female, but not in the male example.

Antenne, palpi, aud legs are lighter testaceous yellow,

especially the femora of the latter, which are pallid. It is,

however, I think, inadvisable to name and describe these on

such limited material and coming as they do from different

localities.

Hypolithus imitativus, Pér.

H. imitativus, Pér., appears to be a fairly common species

in the neighbourhood of Salisbury, S. Rhodesia, the only

place I have so far received it from. Specimens vary a good

deal in size, and the pubescence, which in fresh specimens is

dense, is often so much rubbed off as to be only perceptible

in a few isolated spots about or near the margins. The

antennz also vary much in the amount of infuseation.

Some examples only show inconspicuous linear macules,

whilst others have their joints beyond the three first almost

wholly infuscate. In the specimens before me (two males and

three females), the males are a trifle larger and have the an-

tenn only finely hued with black ; the females have these

joints wholly infuscate, except at the intersection of the

joints. Whether this may be a sexual distinction or simply

accidental we must await the result of examination of larger

series to determine. Seriate punctures on the intervals of

the elytra are absent in all but one male example, in which

they are faintly indicated on the third and fifth.

Hypolithus interstitialis, Boh., and H. ovampoanus, Pér.

Two specimens received from Mr. (now Dr.) G. A. K.

Marshall as paratypes of H. ovampoensis (=ovampoanus,

Pér., vide p. 348, vol. ix. Trans. 8. Afr. Phil. Soc. 1898),

at about the same time the description was published, are

7 4

es xs

South African Species of Hypolithus. 373

inseparable from specimens of H. interstitials, Boh., as inter-

preted by me. Jnterstilialis, Boh., is about the commonest

Hypolithus we have in or about Durban, and these specimens

do not differ in the slightest from those received from

Salisbury as ovampoensis, Pér.* Boheman in his description

of inéerstitialis does not mention any iridescence being

present, but this is a very variable factor in many species,

and in this one it is never very conspicuous, though usually

present.

Péringuey compares his ovampoanus with his patruelis

thus: ‘sides of prothorax not so parallel..... there is no

trace of punctures on seventh interval in patruelis.”

The two specimens before me labelled ovampoensis have

prothoraces exactly similarly shaped to those of patruelis,

and the seriate punctures on the seventh intervals are also

wanting. However, in some examples of inéerstitiahs=

ovampoanus these punctures are present. ‘The incidence of

these punctures (although helpful) is not very reliable, as

variations in this respect are shown in individuals of several

species of this genus.

Hypolithus marshall, sp. n.

Length 83 mm.; width 34 mm.

Piceous red, brilliantly glossed with metallic green on the

upperside. Antenne, palpi, and legs testaceous yellow ;

labrum, margin of epistome, mandibles, and reflexed border

of prothorax reddish testaceous.

Head and prothorax very shiny, the former densely faintly

aciculate, frontal fovee and transverse suture shallowly

defined. Anterior part of prothorax densely aciculate, base

and sides very densely and finely punctate, median groove

deep, not quite reaching apex or base, basal depressions

shallow and inconspicuous, apex narrowly raised in the

middle, a little sinuate on either side and with front angles

very broadly rounded ; sides gently ampliate to about middle,

thence, except for a very slight sinuation immediately above,

straight to posterior angles, which are sharply right; base a

little wider than apex, truncate, very slightly emarginate

medially,

Elytra short, base of equal width with that of prothorax,

truncate, angles sharp, hardly widening below ; sides parallel

to posterior declivity, rounded to and sinuate before apices,

* Sic, as received by me, but published “ ovampoanus.”

Ann, & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. x. 26

374 Mr. C. N. Barker on

which are subacute; depressed above, moderately deeply

striate, intervals, except about posterior declivity, plane and

densely punctulate; very distinct seriate punctures on |

intervals 3, 5, and 7, and the space between eighth stria and

reflexed border coarsely sculptured.

Underside very deep red, shading to red about middle of

abdomen and metasterna, glabrous and smooth, except for

some remote punctures on meso- and metasternal parts.

The shape of the prothorax is not unlike that of H. connezxus,

Pér. ; it is equally transverse, the front angles are a little

more depressed and the hind angles sharp instead of rounded.

The metallic-green lustre is present on head and prothorax,

as well as on the elytra, which differentiates it from other

species in which an evanesceut iridescence is present on the

elytra only. Being so distinct a species, I have ventured to

describe it from a single male example.

Hab. Marandella, Rhodesia (G. A. K. Marshall, 1897).

Hypolithus differens, sp. n.

Length 114 mm.; width 44 mm.

Black, moderately shiny above, dark red to piceous

beneath; legs, antennz, palpi, labrum (centre infuscate), and

prothoracic margins (narrowly) reddish testaceous.

Head finely, densely aciculate-punctate, shiny, frontal

depressions shallow, transverse suture fine.

Prothorax very transverse (383 by 24 mm.), front bi-

sinuate, angles produced, briefly rounded, sides very gently

ampliate to middle, thence straight and hardly narrowed to

posterior angles, which are obtusely right; base much wider

than apex, very shallowly emarginate in the middle, disc

nearly plane, moderately declivous frontally, densely, finely

punctulate, median line short, sides above and base broadly

shallowly impressed, densely rugosely punctate; reflexed

margins narrow.

Elytra of nearly equal width with prothorax at bases,

shoulders subquadrate, briefly rounded, very briefly am-

pliated below, thence a little obliquely inclined to beyond

middie and gradually rounded to and slightly sinuose

before apex; hardly convex above, striz fine, intervals broad

and quite plane, moderately densely but not confluently

punctulate, numbers three and five with distinct seriate

punctures,

Judging by description (vide Trans. Phil. Soc. vol. vii.

p. 435), it is very nearly related to H. integer, Pér. The

following are points upon which they appear to differ :—

. oa

South African Species of Wypolithus. 375

HT, integer. H. differens.

Black, with faint greenish iri- Black, no iridescence, margins of

descence, prothorax testaceous red,

Two basal joints of antenne Unicolorous testaceous red.

flavous, remaining joints fer-

ruginous,

Three juxta-sutural intervals of All intervals wide and quite plain

elytra slightly convex and very in both sexes, Seriate punctures

slightly carinate. No seriate on intervals 3 and 5,

punctures,

These differences taken apart are not of much importance,

but together, I think, justify the acceptance of “ differens”

as a species distinct from ‘integer.’ Description from two

examples, male and female.

Hab. Field’s Hill, Natal; Durban.

I have two species allied to “diferens,” mihi, which,

judging by individual examples in my possession, show

the same broad depressed facies as ‘ dijerens,” but are

undoubtedly distinct from it and from one another. This

section of the genus has, probably, many closely allied forms

yet to be described, which will require careful examination

and comparison of the sexes to justify their publication as

new species.

The first of those referred to above is a female taken at

light in Durban, It is 10 mm. long by barely 4 mm. wide.

Compared with the female of differens, the prothorax is a

little less arcuate, more deeply, less densely punctulate, and

the elytra are more parallel, the strie and puncturation are

coarser, aud there is a distinct greenish-seneous tinge, instead

of being subopaque black. ‘There are very distinct seriate

punctures on the third and fifth and two punctures below

the shoulders of the seventh, The same differences that

oblige me to separate “ differens” aud “integer” apply in

this species.

A second species, also a female, captured by the Rev. J. A.

O’Neil at Salisbury, S. Rhodesia, has the following dimen-

sions: 94 mm. long by 34 mm, wide. The prothorax is less

transverse, the sides similarly rounded but a little more con-

tracted to base. Head and prothorax have a faint greenish-

ceneous sheen ; the elytra is elliptical in shape and obscurely

iridescent ; the striation and puncturation are similar and the

intervals equally plaue, but the seriate punctures on the third

and fifth intervals are more spaced and much more distinct,

The colour of the antennie, palpi, and legs is paler testaceous

yellow, especially the last.

26*

376 Mr. C. N. Barker on

Hypolithus dubius, sp. n.

Length 7-74 mm.; width 2? mm. (¢ ? ).

Black, shining glabrous, obscurely iridescent; beneath

ferruginous. Antenne, palpi, labrum, mandibles (basally),

and legs (brighter) testaceous yellow. Lateral margins of

prothorax, medial parts of apex and base, scutellum, and

Jateral and apical margins of elytra testaceous red.

Head hardly perceptibly aciculate, very shiny, frontal and

transverse grooves shallow and very fine.

Prothorax: front a little convex in the middle, shallowly

depressed on either side between centre and angles, the latter

rounded, not prominent, sides obliquely ampliated to a little

beyond middle, thence straight to posterior angles which are

obtusely right ; lateral margins anteriorly narrowly grooved

and reflexed, more broadly and shallowly towards base; base

wider than apex, medially broadly and shallowly emarginate ;

disc finely aciculate, a little rugulose frontally, more densely

and rugosely punctate about basal area; median line short

and basal depressions shallow.

Elytra at base hardly wider than prothorax, a little and

gently ampliated for some distance below shoulders, thence

obliquely narrowing or taperivg towards and hardly sinuate

before apex; above deplanate, very shiny, finely striate,

intervals quite plane, closely aciculate-punctate. Spaced

punctures on third and fifth intervals,

The shape of the elytra in this species is very elliptic.

Boheman’s description of his ‘ me/ancholicus”’ might

apply to this insect in most details, but his dimensions,

6? mm. long by 3 mm. wide, depicts an extraordinarily short,

squat insect unlike any Hypolithus I have yet met with.

Péringuey’s dimensions do not agree with those of the

author, and it seems very doubtful whether he describes the

same insect.

Hab. Salisbury, S. Rhodesia. Male and female examples

received from the Rev. J. A. O'Neil.

I have a single male example of a very nearly-related

species, from Nkusi River, Zululand, which is shaped almost

exactly like “‘ dubius”; it is, however, a little larger (8 mm.

by 3 mm.), the ground-colour is a deeper jet-black, and it

has no trace of iridescence; the labrum and mandibles are

wholly black and there is no diffused reddish about the apex

or base of prothorax, scutellum, or margins of the elytra.

The striation and puncturation of elytra are coarser and there

are well-defined spaced punctures on the third, filth, and

seventh intervals.

South African Species of Hypolithus. 377

Hypolithus castaneus, sp. 0.

Length 6$-6? mm, ; width 2}-2} mm.

Dark reddish brown, lateral margins of prothorax and

elytra testaceous ; antenne, palpi, and legs (paler) testaceous

yellow; labrum and epistome a shade lighter than ground-

colour.

Head smooth or very faintly aciculate, frontal grooves

obsolescent,

Prothorax transverse, plane, more than one-third wider

than long, widest above middle ; as wide at apex as at base,

front nearly straightly truncate, angles rounded and hardly

produced, sides from angles briefly ampliated, thence

straightly, a little inwardly inclined to posterior angles which

are subacutely right ; base shallowly emarginate medially,

median line and basal fover shallow, the latter coarsely,

rugosely punctate, the rest of the disc more or less densely

aciculate-plicate.

Elytra narrow, elongate, base confluent with prothorax,

very little ampliate below shoulder, thence nearly parallel

for two-thirds the length, and gently, a little sinuately

rounded to apices; depressed above, very deeply striate, the

first two or three intervals more or less carinate, punctu-

ration moderately dense and somewhat coarse. Seriate

punctures on third, fifth, and seventh intervals.

The ampliation of prothorax below front angles is briefer

than in “ dudius”’ and the sides of elytra are parallel, not at

all elliptic; the sculpture is much coarser throughout and

colour different. There are seven examples before me for

comparison, and the darkest among them is of only a slightly

duskier tint of chestnut-brown than its fellows. It can there-

fore be safely concluded the coloration is not due to im-

maturity.

Hab. Salisbury, 8S. Rhodesia, from the Rev. J. A. O’Neil.

It is evidently a common species,

Hypolithus propinquus, sp. un.

Length 63-74 mm, ; width 25-3 mm,

Head and prothorax piceous to deep reddish brown; elytra

(except epipleure, which are red) black, more or less

obscurely iridescent ; beneath deep reddish brown; antenne,

labrum, and palpi reddish testaceous ; legs pale testaceous

yellow. Sides of prothorax broadly, somewhat suffusedly

margined with testaceous,

378 On South African Species of Hypolithus.

Head smooth or finely aciculate, shiny, frontal fovese and

transverse suture very fine.

Prothorax very transverse, more than one-third wider than

long, apex truncate and convex medially, a little sinuate and

very declivous to frontal angles, which are briefly rounded

and produced; _ sides gently rounded to about middle,

straightly and very slightly contracted to hind angles, which

are obtusely right; base nearly 1 wider than apex, shallowly

emarginate medially, more or less finely, transversely

aciculate on disc, densely, confluently punctate about sides

and broad, shallow basal depressions ; median line fine and

short, reaching neither apex nor base.

Elytra truncate, hardly wider than prothorax at base,

humeral angles sharply quadrate, very briefly widened below,

sides straight and parallel to beyond middle, then gently,

hardly sinuately rounded to apices; nearly plane above,

moderately deeply striate, intervals densely punctulate and

quite plane. Spaced punctures on third, fifth, and seventh

intervals.

Closely allied to H. castaneus, mihi. Prothorax a trifle

more transverse, otherwise similar; elytra equally parallel-

sided, but less narrowly elongate, and the puncturation a

little finer. Apart from the colour, which is quite different,

the iridescence is usualiy less obscure, though as in castaneus

it is sometimes altogether wanting.

The dimensions of “ propinquus”’ agree well with those of

Péringuey’s (not Boheman’s) ‘“ melancholicus,’ and it is

quite possible that it may be that insect, especially as it

appears to be a common insect with a fairly wide coastal

range. Péringuey, however, states that there are only

seriate pnuctures on the third and faintly on the fifth. In

all the examples before me these punctures are present on

intervals 3, 5, and 7, though sometimes they are not very

conspicuous on the two latter intervals.

Hab. Natal Coast; Delagoa Bay and Inhambane (Mo-

zambique Prov.). A common species. Examples from

Mozambique are a little more robust and more roughly

sculptured.

Hypolithus turbatus, Pér.?

I have four specimens which agree fairly well with the

description of above (vide Ann. S. Afr. Mus. vol. v. p. 279),

but they are considerably smaller, i.e. 62 mm. long by 2} mm.

wide. Those of “turbatus” are given as 7} mm. long by

2} mm. wide.

Mr. J. R. Malloch on Exotic Muscaride. 379

The specimens before me are senescent shiny and obscurely

iridescent in the males; those which | take to be females

show no iridescence, and the elytral margins are only

obscurely and narrowly bordered with testaceous red.

Three out of four of these have remote punctures on

intervals 7, as well as on 3 and 5, but they are very faintly

defined.

The type or types from which “ ¢urbatus” was described

were collected by Dr. (then Mr.) G. A. K. Marshall at

Salisbury, S. Rhodesia, and those now before me are all

from the same locality, collected by the Rev. J. A. O’ Neil.

Another ? distinct species from the same locality of the

same size and shape is only differentiated from “ durbatus”’

by details of the sculpture and coloration, but it will require

much more material than I have now to decide upon its

relationship to the above.

XLUT.—E otic Muscaride (Diptera).—VI1.*

By J. R. Mattocu, Washington, D.C.

Subfamily Pxsonrzwz.

Mydea contraria (Walker).

Stein placed this species in his key to the Oriental species

of Mydea, but gave it the new name spinipes, with contraria,

Walker, in parenthesis. He did not, so far as I know,

describe the species. The specimens | have before me are

in poor condition, but the species is evidently very close to

typical Mydea. The fourth vein is slightly curved forward

apically, and in no respect does it differ very much from

Myiospila, R.-D., the nearest relative to Mydea. Without

better material of both sexes I do not care to give a definite

opinion as to the generic position.

The hind femora have very short, closely-placed bristles on

the antero-ventral surface apically.

Locality, Singapore (H. M. Ridley).

Helina rufithorax (Stein).

A rather conspicuous species, with black head and abdo-

men and the thorax reddish-yellow with a black mark on

metanotum. In the female before me the femora are

* For Part VI.,see Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hist. (9) x., July 1922,

pp, 182-144,

380 Mr. J. R. Malloch on Exotic Muscaride.,

darkened above, the wings have the cross-veins infuscated,

the arista is plumose, the thorax has three pairs of

strong postsutural dorso-centrals and no presutural acro-

stichals. ‘lhe mid-tibia has an antero-dorsal median bristle,

the hind tibia one antero-ventral and two antero-dorsal -

bristles.

Locality, top of the Aberdare Mts., Kenya Colony

(T. J. Anderson). Originally described from East Africa in

1914.

Subfamily Cewoszyvz.

Genus Pycornora, Schiner.

I present herein a key to the species of this genus known

to me. It is not possible from a study of the material

available to me to make a complete key to the females.

I recapitulate the generic characters cited in Part I. of

this series of papers :—Arista remarkably long-haired to

middle ; frons much wider at anterior margin than at vertex,

each orbit with four bristles, one in line with the anterior

ocellus and three strong bristles anterior to it, the upper

two very close together ; mid-tibia with no anterior bristle ;

hind tibia with one antero-ventral and two postero-dorsal

and antero-dorsal bristles,

Key to Species.

Males.

1. Wing with a fascous spot at apex of second

VOI Gigs. ee orate ceil es ES ial

Wing without fuscous spot ........ 5.

. Hind tibia without a lobuliform process

at apex on ventral surface; fourth ter-

gite with a slight apical lobe in centre,

which is furnished with long, strong,

downwardly-directed bristles ........ aliena, sp. Nn.

Hind tibia with a lobuliform process at

apex on ventral surface...... So xiple na 3.

_ Hind tibia with a series of bristles on

apical half of postero-ventral surface

which become longer apically ; the dark

spet at apex of second vein connected

with a similar spot on thiid vein below it;

mid-femur with long bristles on basal

half of antero-ventral surface ........ apicalis, Schiner.

Hind tibia without a series of bristles as

above, with from one to three bristles at

middle on postero-ventral surface; no

spot on third vein, the one on apex of

second barely reaching third vein .... 4,

4, Hind tibia with three bristles at middle on

10.

. Femora almost entirely black

Mr. J. R. Malloch on Hottie Muscaride,

penterersertey surface; mid-femur with

ong stout bristles on basal ha!f and a

comb-like series of short setule on

apical half of antero-ventral surface

Hlind tibia with one bristle at middle on

ae gh epg surface ; mid-femur with

ong bristles on entire antero-ventral

BUTIBCO ss scam va nites cape ce tos vee ces

. Hind tibia with an apical process on

ENE PERE aiwidas Wb eracekivads

Hind tibia without an apical process on

AL BUTEO 6 oe piichc vies cnekacchans

. Fourth abdominal tergite compressed and

with a lobuliform process in middle of

epi margin; hind tibia without

ristles on apical half of postero-ventral

ae: PE ROC OT e eeee eT ee

Fourth abdominal tergite not produced

into a lobe at apex in centre ; hind tibia

with a few short bristles on apical half

of postero-ventral surface............

. Fourth tergite with sparse bristles on sides.

Fourth tergite with dense bristles on sides.

. Small species, 3°5 mm. in length; sides of

abdominal tergites 3 to 5 each with

many long scale-like bristles; third

antennal segment largely brownish ....

Larger species; tergites without scale-like

bristles

ee ed

. Humeri and apex of scutellum yellow;

large species 7 mm. in length

Humeri and scutellum black or grey ....

Mid-femur with long bristles on basal half

and a comb-like series of short setule

on apical half of antero-ventral surface ;

fourth tergite not compressed at apex

UP Vl tats be haeWs apd > aba hone beeline

Mid-femur without a comb-like series of

setulz on apical half of antero-ventral

surface; fourth tergite compressed at

apex above

ee ey

Females.

Legs yellow...... bone ver-eecarcccence

. Humeri and apex of scutellum yellow ....

Humeri and scutellum black or grey ...,

. Only the basal abdominal tergite yellow. .

Abdomen almost entirely yellow, black-

eee ere ee ene et teeter eesenenee

Two basal abdominal tergites yellow ....

381

maculipennis, Stein.

nigricauda, Bigot.

australis, sp. n.

lubata, Stein.

semilutea, Malloch.

minuta, Malloch.

humeralis, Stein.

parvipuncta, Stein.

immaculipennis, Frey.

rides Wied.

humeralis, Stein.

apicalis, Schiner.

lutescens, Frey,

immaculipennis, F. rey

Pygophora aliena, sp. n.

Male.—Similar to apicalis in colour.

Black, densely pale

grey-pruinescent ; frons anteriorly, face, antenne, palpi, and

382 Mr. J. R. Malloch on wotie Muscaride.

legs, and most of basal three tergites of abdomen yellow.

Third and fourth tergites each with three fuscous spots in a

transverse series. Wings with a large spot, which is some-

times rather faint, before apex of second vein, which fills

the subcostal cell and usually extends almost or quite to

third vein.

Lateral margins of fourth tergite entirely covered with

long dense inwardly-curved black. bristles, and, ventrad of

these, two tufts of longer bristles, one on each side ; basal

portion of hypopygium with fine, slightly curled hairs above,

and with more sparse hairs and some long setulose hairs at

apex. Mid-femur with two or three long fine bristles on

basal half of antero-ventral surface, and a few short fine

bristles on postero-ventral surface; hind tibia slender,

simple, with three stout short bristles on apical half of

postero-ventral surface.

Female.—Similar to that of apicalis, the thorax more

distinctly vittate.

Length 5-6 mm.

Type, male, Kuranda, North Queensland, 13. v.—20. vi.

1913, 1100 feet (R. E. Turner) ; allotype, topotypical,

21. vi.—25. vii. (2. EB. Turner); paratypes, one male and four

females, Babinda, North Queensland (J. F. Illingworth)

[ U.S. Nat. Mus.].

Pygophora apicalis, Schiner.

This is the genotype. Originally described from Australia.

I have before me one male and one female from Victoria

(C. French), two females from Neutral Bay, Sydney, New

South Wales (J. B. Cleland), and one female from Burpen-

gary, Queensland (7. L. Bancroft).

Pygophora maculipennis, Stein.

Originally described from Krakatau, Dutch East Indies:

I have before me two males and two females from Ceylon

(Yerbury). The female, like that of apicalis, lacks the dark

spot on costa of the wing, and is distinguished from that

species by the absence of thoracic vitte.

Pygophora nigricauda, Bigot.

Originally described from Ceylon. Unknown to me

except from description. ©

Pygophora lobata, Stein.

Originally described from New Guinea. I have before

me one male from Christmas Island (C. W. Andrews).

Mr. J. R. Malloch on Lwotie Muscaride. 383

Pygophora australis, sp. n.

Male—Similar to the male of apicalis in colour, and

structurally similar also. The absence of the dark spot on

the costa of the wing is about the only character separating

it from that species, of which it may yet prove to be merely

a variety.

Length 5 mm.

Type, Burpengary, Queensland (7. LZ. Bancroft).

Pygophora minuta, Malloch.

Originally described from Australia.

Pygophora humeralis (Stein).

An African species. Described as a Cenosia. I liave seen

many specimens.

Pygophora parvipuncta (Stein),

An African species. Described as a Canosia. Unknown

to me.

Pygophora immaculipennis, Frey.

Originally described from Ceylon. A true Pygophora,

though Stein placed it in Canosia in his catalogue of the

world’s Anthomyiide. I have before me four males from

Ceylon.

Pygophora torrida, Wiedemann.

Female.—Similar in general colour to the female of

apicalis, The antennae dusky yellow. Abdomen more

shining than in that species, the lateral spots fused and very

large, covering the larger part of tergites on sides. Femora

except their apices black, tibiz and tarsi tawny. Wings

yellowish. Legs as in apicalis, but in one specimen the

mid-tibize have a distinct antero-dorsal bristle at middle.

Length 5 mm.

Locality, Sumatra, Sungei Penok, Korinchi Valley, 26C0

feet.

A second specimen from Sunkei, Siam (Robinson and

Annandale), lacks the mid-tibial bristle and has the

abdominal spots separated and smaller, and may be distinct.

Pygophora lutescens, Frey.

Originally described from a female from Ceylon. Uu-

known to me.

384 Mr. J. R. Malloch on Lvotic Muscaride.

Subfamily Lisprvx.

Xenolispa atrifrontata, Malloch.

I described this species in Part V. of this series of papers,

but had before me at that time only the female of the species.

Since then I have found a series of both sexes, and give

notes on the allotype below.

Similar to the female in colour. Differs in having the

first two tergites greyish on posterior margins, the third

with a large round white spot on each side anteriorly and a

subtriangular spot on middle of hind margin, and the fourth

tergite with the marks similar, but the anterior pair closer

together and smaller, and the one on posterior margin

smaller. The hind femora are slightly curved, and have

near the base on the ventral surface a series of long closely-

placed setulose hairs that slope slightly basad and are flexed

at middle, their apical portions hair-hke. The hind tibia is

slightly curved, about twice as thick as mid pair, and has

some setulose hairs apicad of the bristle on the antero-dorsal

surface, which are hooked at apices. Basal segment of hind

tarsi with long setulose hairs on anterior side. Fifth

sternite twice as long as fourth, asymmetrical and with a

rounded lobe at apex.

Length 5-6 mm.

Allotype and one male paratype, Burpengary, South

Queensland ; three males and two females, Queensland

(T. L. Bancroft).

In the original description the hind tibial bristle is

erroneously stated to be on the postero-dorsal surface. The

species is very close to albimaculata (Stein), but that species

has the fore coxz yellow and the wings slightly infuscated,

with white tips in both sexes.

Lispa pumila, Wiedemann.

This species was redescribed by Stein as ignobilis. A true

Lispa, with two strong and two very weak pairs of post-

sutural dorso-centrals, three sterno-pleurals, and the bristles

on postero-ventral surface of fore tibiz long and strong.

The thorax is densely grey pruinescent with three fuscous

vittee, the abdomen pale grey pruinescent with two large

blackish spots on each side of each tergite, the legs are black

with the tibize and tarsi tawny, and the wings are hyaline,

The mid and hind femora in the male have some long fine

ventral bristles which are absent in female, and both sexes

have a strong antero-dorsal and a weaker antero-ventral

_——

Mr. J. R. Malloch on Ewotic Muscaride. 385

bristle. There are four or more long bristles on apex, and

one on each side near base on fourth tergite in both sexes.

Length 4-5 mm.

Five specimens, Burpengary, South Queensland (7. ZL.

Bancroft); one female, Trincomali, Hot Wells, Ceylon,

27. vii. 1890 (J. W. Yerbury).

Xenolispa mirabilis (Stein).

This peculiar species is referable to Xenolispa. It has the

vertical bristles weaker than in a(lrifrontata, but like that

species it has the outer pair very weak and small. The

parafacials are bare or almost so, the arista very short-haired.

There are three fuscous vittz on thorax, the prescutellar

pair of dorso-centrals are very small and weak, the sterno-

pleural is strong, and the stigmatal bristle is hair-like and

short ; scutellar bristles short, the apex of scutellum with a

dark spot. Basal tergite with a pair of contiguous spots at

base, the other tergites each with a pair of curved fuscous

spots. Legs slender, blackish, with grey pruinescence, the

tibiz tawny ; mid-tibia with the postero-dorsal bristle and

hind tibia with the antero-dorsal bristle weak. Fore femur

with only fine hairs ventrally.

Stein describes the male as having the fore tarsus whitish,

and broadened as in many species of the Syrphid genus

Platychirus, and the hind tibia with a fringe of fine hairs.

1 have seen only the female, which has the fore tarsus short

but of normal form, and the hind tibia without a fringe.

Originally described from India. I have before me two

females from Phrapatoon, Siam, 18.1, 1907 (P. G. Woolley),

and three from Trincomali, Ceylon, vii.—vili. 1890 (J. W.

Yerbury).

Xenolispa yerburyi, sp. 0.

Male.—Black, shining, the abdomen almost glossy except

on the pale pruinose spots. Frons black, ocellar triangle

shining; orbits at bases of antenne silvery ; face and cheeks

yellow pollinose; antennze black; palpi yellow, silvery

apically. Thorax with brownish pruinescence on dorsum,

very indistinctly vittate ; pleurz densely whitish pruines-

cent ; scutellum black. Abdomen with a large brownish-

grey pruinose spot in middle of posterior margin of first

tergite, the third with a large subquadrate whitish spot on

each side anteriorly ; venter grey-pruinose, Legs black,

grey-pruinescent ; trochanters, extreme apices of femora,

aud bases of tibiz tawny. Wings greyish. Calyptre and

halteres yellowish.

386 Mr. J. R. Malloch on Exotic Muscaride.

Ocellar triangle slender, extending to anterior margin of

frons ; parafacials linear, with a few weak hairs ; antennz

not extending much below middle of face ; arista plumose ;

vibrisse distinct, well above mouth-margin; proboscis

stout. Stigmatal bristle weak ; humeral weak or absent ;

sometimes a weak setula in front of the prescutellar pair of

dorso-centrals. Abdomen as in atrifrontata, Malloch ; the

fifth sternite very long and asymmetrical at apex. Fore

tibia without a median bristle; fore tarsus normal, without

the dilation of apical two segments as in atrifrontata; mid-

tarsus with long hairs on ventral surface of basal segment,

especially apically; hind femur with four or five long bristles

on basal half of ventral surface, which are very fine apically

and are not so closely placed as in atrifrontata, nor flexed as

in that species ; hind tibia curved, thickened and with short

hairs on apical half; hind tarsus with basal segment

thickened.

Female.—Differs from the male in having the mid and

hind tarsi normal, the hind femur lacking the ventral

bristles, the hind tibia less curved and not so thick apically,

and third and fourth tergites with a pale spot in hind

margin.

Length, ¢ 4 mm., 2? 5 mm.

Type, male, Trincomali, Hot Wells, Ceylon, 12. vii. 1891 ;

allotype, topotypical, 2. viii. 1891; paratypes, one male,

topotypical, 24. 11.1892; one female, Hinanduma, Ceylon,

28. iv. 1892; one female, Kanthalai, Ceylon, 8. iii. 1892 ;

oue female, Perivipancheram, Ceylon, 9. i11. 1892.

The last specimen differs from the others in haying the

face almost white instead of yellowish, but I believe it to be

the same species.

Named in honour of the collector, Col. J. W. Yerbury.

This and the other species of the genus resemble Lispa

pallitarsis, Stein, which also belongs to Xenolispa, but that

species has the fore tarsi largely whitish.

Genus CH#TOLIsPA, nov.

Generic characters.—Differs from Lispa in having a strong

bristle on parafacial close to lower anterior margin of eye.

Dorso-centrals 2+3; sterno-pleurals 3; each tibia with from

3 to 5apical long spurs; mid-tibia with an antero-dorsal and

a postero-dorsal bristle; hind tibia with three median bristles,

one autero-dorsal, one antero-ventral, and one postero-dorsal.

First posterior cell not narrowed apically.

Genotype, Lispa geniseta, Stein.

I have before me two females of this species from Trin-

comali, Ceylon, 1. x. 1890 (J. W. Yerbury).

EEE EE,

Mr. J. R. Malloch on Hwotte Muscaride. 387

Originally described from Java and recorded at the same

time from Australia.

Lispa sericipalpis, Stein.

I have before me one male of this species. An entirely

black species, opaque, the body covered with yellowish or

brownish pollinosity, which is sericeous on face and palpi.

The abdomen has a pair of large contiguous curved brown

spots on tergites 2 to 4, which are slightly shining. The

legs are slender, without conspicuous armature, the mid and

hind tibe having their one median bristle very short, and

the femora of the same legs with some long setulose hairs

on basal half ventrally.

Originally described from Java. The specimen before me

is from Nuwara Eliya, Ceylon, 14. vii. 1892 (J. W. Yerbury).

Lispa inequalis, sp. n.

Male.—A pale grey-pruinescent species, the basal two

antennal segments, palpi, tibiz, and tarsi tawny, the tibie a

little darkened apically. Thorax without distinct vitte,

and with three pairs of postsutural dorso-centrals, the

anterior two pairs weak. Abdomen with a pair of elongate

fuscous-brown spots on second and another on third tergite,

fourth with two series of long bristles, one near base and

the other near apex ; basal portion of hypopygium, sides of

fourth tergite, and a narrow trausverse stripe on anterior

and posterior margins of second and third tergites fuscous.

Fore tibia with a long median posterior bristle ; mid-tibia

with a posterior median bristle; hind femur with one or two

fine bristles on basal half of postero-ventral surface and one

beyond middle on antero-ventral surface ; hind tibia with

some fine hairs ventrally, which are noticeable only on apical

half, one long fine antero-ventral bristle beyond middle, and

the apical dorsal bristles long and fine ; hind tarsus with the

basal segment very conspicuously dilated, shorter than

second, and extending along the base of latter on its posterior

side ; tarsal claws very long, the pairs on fore and mid legs

very unequal in length, First posterior cell narrowed

slightly at apex.

Length 5 mm.

Type, Patani Cape, Siam, 7. vi. 1901 (H. C. Robinson and

N. Annandale).

Very similar to metatarsata, Stein, but that species has

the first posterior cel] not narrowed apically, the tarsal claws

short, and the antennz shorter, as well as the hind tibia

with more conspicuous soft hairs.

388 Mr. J. R. Malloch on Ewotie Muscaride.

Lispa glabra, Wiedemann.

The male of this species is quite the most remarkable of

the genus. The mid-femur is slightly distorted, and has on

the basal two-thirds of the postero-ventral surface a dense

series of black bristles, which are turned anteriorly and

have their apices curled, and between the bristles dense

black hairs which form with them a compact brush-like

fringe; the mid-tibia is slightly dilated apically and has

some long black hairs on the apical fourth ventrally, and

the mid-tarsus has a dense fringe of short black hairs along

the posterior side of the basal segment; except for the very

long tarsi, the hind legs are normal. The wings are very

noticeably pointed, the first posterior cell is almost closed,

and ends in the margin just before apex of wing; the

outer cross-vein runs parallel to the margin of wing, and

the fifth does not extend beyond outer cross-vein. There is

in addition a peculiar stripe of lengthened hairs on the

wing, which lies between the outer cross-vein aud margin

and runs the whole length of apical margin of wing.

The female lacks all those characters and looks like a

different species, but the first posterior cell is narrowed at

apex, and by that character it may be separated from its

allies except the next species, which has been confused with

it by previous authors.

This species has two synonyms, dilatata, Wiedemann, and

grandis, Thomson.

Length 8-9 mm.

Localities, six specimens from Ceylon, as follows: male

and female, Trincomali, Hot Wells, 27. vii. and 17. viii. 1890;

female, Kanthalai, 31. vii. 1890; three females, 1. iii. 1891

(J. W. Yerbury).

Lispa modesta, Stein.

Male and female.—Similar to glabra in colour, but the

face and cheeks with yellow pollen instead of white pruin-

escence. The male and female are similar to glabra female

in armature of the legs, differing only in having the fore

femur with an almost complete series of postero-ventral

bristles instead of but one or two at apex. The wings are

the same in both sexes, and differ from those of the female

glabra only in having the outer cross-yein slightly bent and

nearly erect instead of very oblique.

Length 7 mm.

Stein has reduced this to a variety of assimilis, Wiedemann,

but I regard it as a good species. It was originally described

from Africa, from where I have seen three females. I have

Mr. J. R. Malloch on Ewottc Muscaride. 389

also before me eleven females from Ceylon (J. W. Yerbury),

and have seen two males and one female from the Philippine

Islands (C. #. Baker).

Lispa weschei, sp. 1.

Male.—Black, shining. Frons brownish black, opaque ;

face, cheeks, and occiput with deuse white pruinescence ;

autenne black, apex of second segment reddish; palpi

whitish yellow. Thorax brownish pruinesceut on dorsum,

with three shining black vittze; pleurze densely whitish-grey

pruinescent. Abdomen with a pair of curved shining black

marks, which are contiguous basally, on second, third, and

fourth tergites. Legs brownish fuscous, grey-pruinescent,

tibia tawny. Wings clear. Calyptre whitisb. Halteres

yellowish,

Arista long plumose ; antenne not much shorter than

face; parafacial with sparse hairs ; palpi gradually dilated.

Thorax with two strong prescutellar pairs of dorso-centrals,

the two anterior pairs behind suture and the two pairs in

front of it almost indistinguishable ; pleural bristles normal.

Abdomen rather broad ; basal sternite hairy ; fourth long,

not armed at apex, fifth notched in centre. All coxe, and

especially the fore pair, the trochanters, and the bases of all

femora with very long setulose hairs which are crinkly at

apices; fore tibia with an antero-dorsal and a posterior

median bristle ; mid-tibia with one posterior bristle; hind

femur without strong bristles; hind tibia with one antero-

ventral, one autero-dorsal, and one postero-dorsal bristle at

middle ; tarsi normal, Outer cross-vein regularly curved ;

first posterior cell narrowed apically. :

Length 5 mm.

Type, Port Melbourne, Victoria, 10. xii. 1906 (WW. Wesché).

Named in honour of the collector, who did some very fine

work ou Diptera.

Lispa uniseta, sp. n.

Female.——-Similar to the preceding. Differs in having the

tibize slightly darker; the thorax with one pair of presutural

and two pairs of postsutural dorso-centrals, all very long and

strong; the fore tibia with one very long posterior bristle,

and none on antero-dorsal surface; the mid-tibia with an

additional bristle on antero-dorsal surface ; and the mid and

hind femora with a few setulose hairs at base.

Length 5 mm.

Type aud one paratype, Port Melbourne, 10. xii. 1906

(IV. Wesché).

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. x. 27

390 Mr. J. R. Malloch on Fotic Muscaride.

Possibly the female of weschei, but if so, an abnormal case

in the genus.

Lispa neo, sp. n.

Female.—Similar in general colour and habitus to tenta-

culata, De Geer. Tibise, apices of femora, and base of mid-

metatarsus tawny. Wings slightly brownish. Abdomen

with two large subtriangular shining black spots on tergites

2 to 4, which are separated centrally by a narrow whitish

line, the anterior lateral angles of each tergite conspicuously

whitish.

Parafacials linear, much narrower than in ¢entaculata ;

palpi narrower than in that species, very little dilated.

Thorax with dorso-centrals 24+4, the anterior two pairs

behind the suture very weak and small. Fore tibia with an

antero-dorsal and a posterior bristle at niiddle ; mid-tibia

with a posterior median bristle; hind femur with a fine

bristle near middle on postero-ventral surface and a strong

one near apex ou autero-ventral surface; hind tibia with an

antero-dorsal and an antero-ventral bristle at middle; mid-

metatarsus long and slender. First posterior cell not appre-

ciably narrowed apically.

Length 7 mm.

Type and one paratype, Sdbondi Ashanti, 19. ix. 1906

(W. M. Graham); one paratype, Gambia, 24. iv. 1911

(J. J. Simpson).

Lispa canis, sp.n.

Male.—Black, slightly shining. Frons black, subopaque

except on the triangle; orbits, face, and cheeks yellow

pollinose, almost golden; occiput whitish pruinescent ;

antenne and palpi black or fuscous. Thorax brownish

pruinescent on dorsum, indistinctly vittate, lateral margins

and pleurz densely whitish-grey pruinescent. Abdomen

brownish pruinescent on venter, the dorsum densely whitish

pruinesceut, the disc of each tergite more brownish and

with a pair of fuscous spots which are mest distinct in

ceutre anteriorly on each, a large area on sides of each

tergite almost white and nearly bare; hypopygium black.

Legs black, bases of fore tibe and the mid and hind pairs

except their ap’ces tawny. Wings slightly yellowish.

Calyptre whitish. Halteres yellow.

Space between eyes when seen from in front much nar-

rowed at bases of antenne, the latter of normal length;

arista plumose ; parafacials narrow, hairy ; palpi distinctly

but not very conspicuously broadened apically. Thorax

———————— << —

On Mammals from the Yunnan lligh’ands. 391

with two pairs of strong prescutellar dorso-centrals, the

others almost indistimguishable. Abdomen narrowly ovate ;

fourth tergite with a stout bristle at apex on each side ;

basal sternite hairy, fourth with the hairs more dense at

apex im centre than elsewhere. Fore tibia stout, unarmed

at middle ; mid-tivia with one posterior bristle at middle ;

mid-metatarsus long and slender; hind femur with one

bristle near middle on antero-ventral surface and one pair

near apex on postero-ventral ; hind tibia nearly straight, with

rather conspicuous setulose hairs on auterior side and shorter

hairs ventrally on apical third, antero-dorsal bristle among

the long hairs, postero-dorsal bristle small ; hind metatarsus

slender, with a tringe of erect curled fine hairs on anterior

side, which are barely as long as the diameter of the segment ;

claws small. First posterior cell not narrowed apically.

Female.—Similar to the male. The only specimen before

me lacks the hind legs, but I assume that, as in other species,

these must differ from those of the male in having no setulose

hairs and but the two bristles, and the tarsi will have the

normal form and hairing.

Type, wale, and allotype, Nilaveli, Ceylon, 16.&11.xi. 1890.

Paratypes, one male, Kanthalai, Ceylon, 11. iii. 1892; one

male, Maighini, Ceylon, 17. xi. 1890 (J. W. Yerbury).

Key to Genera of Lispine.

1. Cheek with a strong bristle near lower anterior

Gngle Of OG. oii. soe o aideiss sielele's ales H6 bub

Cheek without such bristle..............-.

. Thorax with only one pair of dorso-centrals ;

fore femur with only one or two short

bristles near apex on postero-ventral sur-

ee) GLE SB OEE LE OLE Ok

Thorax with at least two distinct pairs of

dorso-centrals, and a series of bristles on

‘ postero-ventral surface of fore femur ...... Lispa, Latreille.

Chetolispa, Malloch.

NXenvolispa, Malloch.

XLIV.—On Mammals from the Yunnan Highlands collected

by Mr. George Forrest and presented to the British Museum

by Col. Stephenson R, Clarke, D.S.O. By OLbrirLp

‘THOMAS.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Tne National Museum owes to the generosity of Col.

Stephenson KR. Clarke the fine collection of mamma's found

by Mr, George Forrest in the high mountain area of

Northern Yunnan and North-Eastern Burma, about N. lat.

wI7T*

392 Mr. O. Thomas on

27°-28°, in the region where the upper waters of the Irra-

waddy, the Salween, the Mekong, and the Yang-tse approxi-

mate to each other and form a remarkable district of alter-

nating mountains and valleys perhaps unequalled for diversity

of surface in any part of the world. Mr. Forrest has been

collecting plants in this area for some time, and in 1918 had

obtained a few mammals, among which were the two new

forms of Zamiops described by me in 1920*. Col. Clarke

was then good enough to influence Mr, Forrest to turn his

attention to small mammals, and in the collection of these, as

of birds, he has proved to have great abilities, so that the

present set is one of the most interesting collections that the

Museum has received for many years. Geographically it

fills a very important lacuna between the collections made in

Northern Burma on behalf of the: Bombay Natural History

Society and those obtained by Mr. Malcolm Anderson in

Sze-chwan when carrying out the Duke of Bedford’s explo-

ration of Eastern Asia.

Isolated collections have also been made in this area by

Mr. E. B. Howell and Mr. F. Kingdon Ward, and to them

we owe tlie first discovery of several of the smaller forms

now sent by Mr. Forrest.

The whole collection consists of nearly 250 specimens, of

which about 100 are voles, and have been reserved for a

separate paper by my colleague Mr. Hinton. The remainder

belong to 32 species, including 7 now described as new.

Of these novelties, one is an exceptionally beautiful Flying-

squirrel, which I have named in honour of the donor, and

another forms a new genus of Sciuride, and is therefore of

great zoological interest. The specimens of a new species of

a Uropsiline Insectivore are also especially welcome.

1. Barbastella darjelingensis, Hodgs.

dg. 470. Wei-Hsé Valley, 27° N. 7000-8000’.

2. Tadarida teniotis cwcata, subsp. n.

gd. 403. Mekong Valley, 28° 20’. 7000’. 29th Sep-

tember, 1921. B.M. no. 22.9.1.2. Type.

Quite similar in size and general characters to true teniotis,

hut colour much darker. Upper surface uniform dark

‘“‘ mummy-brown,” the extreme bases of the hairs only whitish.

In Portuguese and Egyptian specimens the general colour is

more or less drab. Under surface very slightly paler.

Skull and teeth as in tentofis.

* Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (9) v. p. 304 (1920).

Mammals from the Yunnan Highlands. 393

Dimensions of the type:—

Forearm 60 mm.

Head and body 89; tail 55. Metacarpus of third digit 63,

of fifth 34,

Skull: greatest length 24°8 ; basi-sinnal length 19°7.

Although in all essential characters this bat appears to be

identical with the S.-European 7’, teniotis, the difference in

its colour is sufficiently marked to render a subspecific name

advisable for it, especially when the immense difference in

locality is considered.

3. Tupaia belangeri chinensis, And.

6. 452, 453, 484, 534, 568, 570; 9. 415. Li-kiang

Range, 27° 30’. 9000-11,000’.

d. 626. Hills east of Li-kiang Valley, 27°. 10,000’.

d- 402. Mekong-Salween divide, 27° 30’. 9000-

10,000’.

?. 30. Mekong Valley, 27° 30’. 5000’.

Modern specimens from Ponsee, Kakhyen Hills, the type-

locality of chinensis, would be of service in identifying

Anderson’s species with certainty ; but there is little doubt

that the present specimens are referable to it.

4. Scaptonyx fusicaudatus affinis, Thos.

3. 33. Mekong—Salween divide, 28° N. 7000-8000’.

Practically a topotype of the subspecies, and only the

second specimen of this remarkable genus that the Museum

has received.

5. Nasillus investigator, sp. n.

gd. 185; 2. 182, 183, 184, 186, 312. Kiu-kiang—Sal-

ween divide, 28° N. 11,000’.

9.217. Salween—Mekong divide, 28° N. 14,000’.

Externally quite like N. gracilis—indeed, all the members

of the three genera Uropsilus, Rhynchonax, and Nasillus are

hardly distinguishable from each other.

Essential characters of the dentition as in LV. gracilis, the

formula the same in all the specimens. Skull, however,

conspicuously larger, both longer and, especially, broader,

the brain-case much wider.

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :—

Head and body 88 mm.; tail 62; hind foot 14; ear 10.

Skull: greatest length 214; condylo-basal length 20;

394 Mr. O. Thomas on

zygomatic breadth 10:3; interorbital breadth 5:2; breadth

across brain-case 11; length of upper tooth-series 9-1.

Hab. as above. Typefrom the Kiu-kiang—Salween divide

at 28° N. Alt. 11,000’.

Type. Immature female (the milk-teeth still in place, but

the skull quite of full size). B.M. no. 22.9.1.16. Original

number 184. Collected 24th July, 1921.

Although not of the showy character of the new Petaurista

and the new genus of squirrels, this little animal is of very

special interest, as it confirms the division of the members of

the Uropsiline into three genera—a division about which I

felt most diffident. The identity of the external characters

and of the skulls, even when combined with the differences

in the dental formule, made the division one of some doubt,

for it seemed possible that the formule might be unusually

variable. This series, therefore, all absolutely agreeing in

formula with Nasillus—a genus of which I only had one

specimen before,—is of much value as confirming the

characters used.

As a species N. investigator is readily distinguishable from

NV. gracilis by its larger skull. The locality of the latter is in

a different faunal area, much further eastwards, and at an

altitude of only 4000’.

6. Sorex bedfordie, Thios.

@. 150,159. Mekong Valley, 28° N. 9000’.

gd. 202,345; 9. 275. Mekong—Salween divide, 28° 20’.

12,000-14,000'.

2. 187. Kiu-kiang—-Salween divide, 28° N. 11,000’.

The Kiu-kiang—Salween divide locality forms the first

record of the striped shrew in British territory.

7. Blarinella wardi, Thos.

gd. 216. Mekong—Salween divide, 28° N. 14,500’.

3. 320. Kiu-kiang—Salween divide, 28° N. 12,000’.

8. Crocidura sp.

g. 276. Mekong—Salween divide, 28° 20’ N. 12,000’.

?. 408, 569. Li-kiang Range, 27° 40’. 9000-13,000’.

C. russula group.

9. Paguma larvata yunalis, Thos.

9. 537 (young). Li-kiang Range, 27° 30’ N. 11,000-

12,000’.

Mammals from the Yunnan [ighlands. 395

10. Charronia flavigula, Bodd.

9. 414. Li-kiang Range, 27° 40’. 10,000-11,000’.

11. Lutreola sibirica moupinensis, M.-Edw.

3. 167, 223. Mekong Valley, 28° N. 7000’.

Q. 454. Li-kiang Range, 27° 30’. 12,000-14,000'.

It is impossible at present to express a definite opinion as

to the position of these animals, Milne-Edwards described a

number of Chinese species without any consideration of thie

wide differences that occur between the two sexes and the

summer and winter pelages. It is, however, probable that

his moupinensis is the same animal as those now obtained by

Mr. Forrest, and [ provisionally use that name.

There is some variation in the degree of blackening at the

end of the tail, and it seems that my Mustela hamptoni, from

Mt. Imaw Bum, should rather have been compared with the

present animal than with MZ. subhemachalana of Nepal.

12. Arctonyx obscurus, M.-Edw.

9. 538. Li-kiang Range, 27° 30' N. 10,000-12,000'.

In determining this badger my attention has been drawn

to a specimen from the extreme east of China which has

hitherto been referred to A, obscurus, but which appears to be

worthy of subspecific distinction.

Arectonya obscurus incultus, subsp. n.

Fur much poorer, thinner, and harsher than in obscurus.

General colour dull whitish washed with black, the prominent

whitish tips of the posterior dorsal fur found in odscurus

almost entirely absent. Under surface very thinly haired,

dull whitish washed with black. Crown and nape without a

white central streak. Markings of head about asin obscurus.

Skull with comparatively broad muzzle, and with the

posterior bony palate extremely inflated on each side, far more

so than in any of the several West China specimens, from

Ichang and westwards, in the Museuin collection,

Dimensions (from skin) :—

Head and body (about) 700 mm.; tail 170; hind foot 89.

Skull: greatest length 134 ; condylo-basal length 128;

zygomatic breadth 80 ; breadth of muzzle across roots of

canines 28°5; interorbital breadth 33°3 ; breadth of posterior

palate across inflations 27°7; longest oblique diameter of

m 15.

396 Mr. O. Thomas on “

Hab. An-lhwei, W. China. Type from Chin-teh (Tsing-t6

of Stieler), about 150 km. W. of Hang-chow.

Type. Old male. B.M. no. 2. 6. 10. 35. Collected May

1896, and presented by F. W. Styan, Esq.

This animal has the characteristics of a low hot-country

form, as compared with the comparatively rich-furred true

obscurus. The unusual inflation of the posterior palate is also

noteworthy.

13. Lutra lutra nair, F. Cuv.

9. 246. Mekong Valley, 28° N.

14. Ailurus styani, Thos.

@. 627, 1234. Li-kiang Range, 27° 30’ N. 11,000-

12,000’.

These splendid specimens so confirm the characters, espe-

cially those of the skull, described when A. fulgens styant

was founded, that I should now consider the Sze-chwan and

Yunnan Panda as a different species from that of the

Himalayas.

In coloration there is considerable variation between

different individuals, 627 having a brilliantly black-ringed

tail, while in 1234 the rings are no more prominent than

they are in average fulgens. Both the Yunnan specimens

are heavily blackened behind the shoulders and darkened

across tlie withers, but the two Sze-chwan examples differ

widely from each other in these respects. The face-pattern

is also very variable. ;

15. P.taurista clarke, sp. n.

3. 103, 227; 9. 104, 105, 156,160. Mekong Valley at

28° N. 9000-10,000'.

A beautiful grey-headed species with prominent buffy

patches behind the ears.

Size about as in P. marica and other members of that

group of the genus, smaller than in mitida and its allies.

General colour of body above mixed blackish and buffy, the

hairs blackish slaty for the greater part of their length, their

tips buffy; laterally these tips become deeper-coloured,

ochraceous on the top of the parachute. Under surface buffy

whitish, gradually becoming rich ochraceous laterally, the

throat whitish without buffy suffusion, the inguinal region

greyish white with slaty bases to the hairs, Head contrasted

dark grey—nearest to Ridgway’s ‘‘ deep quaker-drab,”’—the

face, crown to nape, and cheeks all of this colour; interramia

Mammals from the Yunnan Highlands. 397

whitish and point of chin blackish. Ears large, thinly

haired, almost naked except along their anterior edges, black,

a large and prominent bright ochraceous patch on their

posterior bases and behind them; this patch sometimes

duller and mixed with brown. Upper surface of hands and

feet, as also the margins of the parachute, anteriorly and

posteriorly bright ochraceous buffy, the actual edge of the

parachute, however, whitish. Tail subeylindrical, mixed

buffy and black, the hairs black at base, then buffy, with

black subterminal bands and buffy ends ; tip of tail black.

Skull without noticeable peculiarities, rather longer than in

marica ; postorbital processes well developed; bulle large

and well inflated.

Dimensions of the type :—

Ilead and body 320 mm.; tail 370; hind foot 65;

ear 50.

Skull: greatest length 63; condylo-incisive length 57;

zy somatic breadth 40 ; vasals 18 x11; palatilar length 28°7;

length of bulla 12°8 ; upper tooth-series exclusive of p* 13-5.

Hab. as above.

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 22.9,1.44. Original

number 156. Collected 26th July, 1921.

This beautiful grey-headed Flying-squirrel is so different

from every described species that it is difficult to say with

which it should be compared. It belongs to a small group of

species occurring in the Yunnan—Burma-—Siam region, all

of which are brightly coloured and of smaller size than the

better-known large species of true Petaurista. None of

these, however, shows any resemblance to P. clarkei in its

buffy colour, grey head, and ochraceous ear-patches.

I have great pleasure in naming this very handsome

animal after Col. Stephenson Clarke, to whose generosity the

National Museum owes the present valuable and extensive

accession to its mammal collections.

“ Shot in pine-forest.”-—G. F.

16. Trogopterus mordax, Thos.

?. 228 (immature), Mekong Valley, on 28°. 9000’.

Adult examples of Trogopterus seem difficult to obtain, as a

considerable proportion of the available specimens of the

genus are immature,

17. Calloscturus erythreus michianus, Rob. & Wr.

go. 485,628; 9.413. Li-kiang Range, 27° 30’. 8000-

11,000”

398 Mr. O. Thomas on

d. 332. Mekong—Salween divide, 28° 20’. 7000-8000’.

3. 416. Mekong Valley, 27° 30’. 7000’.

Of value as indicating the range of this form, whose

locality-—* Mee-Chee ’—had not, I think, been definitely

identified. Very uniform in colour as a whole, though one

specimen has a marked tendency to the yellow sternal region

said to be characteristic of hamobaphes, Glover Allen, of

S.E. Yunnan.

18. Rupestes forresti, gen. et sp. n.

3. 26; 9.25,27, Mekong—Yangtze divide on 27° 20/ N.

7000-9000’.

RUPESTES, gen. nov.

Related in essential skull-characters to Seiurotamias, but

more like Menetes in general appearance externally. Body

with a pair of whitish stripes. Anterior claws elongated,

rather blunt. Soles naked except posteriorly, a long “addi-

tional sole-pad (as compared with Sciurotamias) halfway

between the heel and the digital pad at the base of the hallux.

‘ail distichous. Three pairs of mamme.

Skull with very much the peculiar shape of that of Seduro-

tamias, being of the same long, low, subcylindrical form,

which is more or less characteristic of ground-squirrels,

Muzzle long. Postorbital processes not greatly developed.

Small anterior premolar completely absent, both in milk

and permanent dentitions. Structure of cheek-teeth about as

in Se‘urotamias, wholly unlike that in Menetes.

Genotype, Lupestes forresti, sp. n.

This new genus is a most interesting discovery, as it is

markedly different from any hitherto. described. Its dental

formula is at once distinctive; the structure of its teeth and

the shape of the skull separate it widely from Menetes, and

bring it nearer to the otherwise dissimilar Sciurotamias. Its

long and rather blunt anterior claws are what one expects to

find in an animal inhabiting rocky cliffs, and readily distin-

guish it from Sictigr ot trikes, | which also has much more hairy

soles and is without the long intermediate sole-pad of

Ltupestes,

Mr. Forrest is to be congratulated on his discovery of so

striking anew animal, and I have much pleasure in connecting

his name with it.

Mammals from the Yunnan [Tighlands. 399

Tupestes forresti, sp. n.

Size about as in Menetes berdmorei. General colour of

upper surface dark grizzled greyish brown—the mixture

rather darker than “cheetura drab”; hairs ringed with black

and buffy. On each side a dull and not very conspicuous

whitish line from the shoulder to the hip, similar in length

and position to that found in Menetes berdmoret, but not so

conspicuous. The dark line below the white about matching

the back. Below this, again, the flanks are broadly washed

with ochraceous, which passes on to the belly, where the

hairs are slaty basally and ochraceous terminally. A promi-

nent contrasted patch of wholly white hairs from chin down

neck to chest. Muzzle grizzled buffy and black of a warmer

tone than the back ; eyelids strong buffy ; cheeks, sides of head

and neck, and outer base of ear deep ochraceous, without any

trace of a darker cheek-line such as is found in Sciwrotamias.

Ears buffy brown, with a darker proectote. Hands grizzled

buffy and brown; feet similar but darker, sometimes becoming

black terminally. Tail of medium length and_bushiness,

distichous, the hairs ringed buffy and black, with whitish

tips.

Gas of the type (measured by collector) :—

Head and body 224 mm.; tail 166; hind foot 54;

ear 27.

Skull: greatest length 60:2; zygomatic breadth 31;

nasals 19°48; interorbital breadth 14; tip to tip of post-

orbital processes 19°5; height of crown from alveolus of

m® 142; palatilar length 26; length of bulla 11°5 ; upper

cheek-teeth 8°8.

Hab. as above.

Type. Old female. B.M. no. 22.9.1.54. Original

number 27. Collected 5th June, 1921.

“ Shot on serub-clad cliffs.’—G. F.

This squirrel represents a genus quite distinet from any

hitherto known, and forms a most interesting discovery. In

general appearance tlie animal is like a Afenefves, its size, dark

colour, and the whitish lateral line giving it a superficial

resemblance to the members of that genus.

19. Tamiops clarkei, Thos,

gd. 28; 9. 29. Mekong Valley, at 27° 30’ N. 5000’.

11th June, 1921.

These additional specimens of this species—the finest of the

400 Mr. O. Thomas on

genus—are most welcome, especially as they are killed at a

different season to the previous specimens, and thus help

towards a knowledge of its seasonal variation.

20. Tamiops maritimus forresti, Thos.

S$. 132, 535, 623; 9%. 131, 536, 624. Li-kiang Range,

27° 30’. 10 000-11, 000’.

Three of these specimens were killed in December, and

fully bear out the suggestion made on the description of the

subspecies that it would probably be without dark subdorsal

stripes in the winter. We are therefore now able to trace

the seasonal changes of Forrest’s Zamiops at the principal

seasons,

21. Dremomys perny?t perny’, M.-Edw. |

gd. 32, 83, 224; 9. 34. Mekong—Salween divide at 28°.

7000-10,000’.

These specimens of the typical per'ny?, agreeing as they do

with those sent by the Paris Museum as representing that

animal, the form fixed on as being true pernyi in my paper of

1916 *, are of great value, as we had hitherto scarcely any

examples belonging without question to it.

In determining them and the succeeding specimens of

Dremomys I have been able to re-examine all our western

examples of pernyi—from Burma, Yunnan, and Sze-chwan,—

and find that they may be divided into seven races, as

follows :—

A. Dark-coloured, saturate, the end of the tail more

or less blackened.

a. No trace of a darker median dorsal lige. (E.

of Sal weal.) s:. a5 peopel ie ob,. 8 sla Me 5. sicis> pernyi, M.-Edw.

b. A slight but constant indication of a dark line

on the fore-back. (W. of Salween.)

a’, Size medium—skull less than 55 mm.

a, Skull about 53 mm.; tooth-row 8:1.

(Tempe ga cireake babe biciails wiping? mien howelli, subsp. n.

4°, Rather smaller—skull 50 mm.; tooth-

TOW So 2) (Ima EAM Scone aes eae ae mentosus, subsp. ni.

b*. Size larger—skull 57 mm. (Mt. Imaw Bum ) imus, subsp. n.

B. Light-coloured, grey or pale olivaceous, End of

tail not blackened.

c. Size larger, skull over 50 mm. ; colour greyer.

(Upper Mekong and Sze-chwan.) .......... griselda, Thos,

* Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) xvii. p. 391.

Mammals from the Yunnan [lighlands. 401

d. Size smaller—skull about 49 mm.; colour

olivaceous,

c?, Colour browner olivaceous. Fur shorter

and harsher. (S. Yunnan.)............ Jlavior, G. All,

d*, Colour more buffy olivaceous. Fur longer

and softer. (N.W. Yunnan.) .......... lichiensis, subsp. n.

Dremomys pernyt howelli, subsp. n.

Colour throughout like that of true perny?, or very slightly

more yellowish olivaceous, but on the fore-back in every

specimen there is an almost imperceptible blackish dorsal line

from 1 to 2 inches in length. Under surface as in pernyi,

the throat whitish or slightly buffy, the front aspect of the

lower legs dull whitish or more or less washed with reddish.

Tail as in pernyi.

Skull about 53 mm, in length.

Dimensions of type (measured by collector) :—

Head and body 199 mm.; tail 138; hind foot 46;

ear 22.'

Skull: greatest length 53:5; condylo-incisive length 45°5 ;

upper tooth-series exclusive of p* 8-1. |

Hab, On Tai-Ping-Ho, Upper Irrawaddy, in neighbourhood

of Tengyueh. Type from Ma Chang Kai, about 25 miles

S.W. of ‘Tengyueh. 6500’.

Type. Old male. B.M. no. 12.8. 26.2. Original number

228. Collected 4th June, 1912, and presented by E. B.

Howell, Esq. Nine specimens,

Slight as is the difference between this squirrel and true

pernyi, it runs through the series of seven specimens of one

and nine of the other, and the localities are quite sufficiently

fur apart to make a real distinction likely, so that the

‘Tengyueh form ought evidently to have a local name.

I have much pleasure in naming this squirrel after

Mr. Howell, its discoverer, to whom the National Museum

owes a considerable number of Chinese mammals, including

the original series of Microtus calamorum.

Dremomys pernyi mentosus, subsp. n.

Like D. p. howelli, but smaller and with shorter tooth-row.

General colour as in the paler and more yellowish examples

of howelli, an almost imperceptible dark dorsal line similarly

present. Details of colour as in that race. Inguinal region

and front of legs washed with dull buffy.

Skull as in howelli, but smaller; the tooth-row rather

402 Mr. O. Thomas on

shorter, the measurement being quite constant in the series of

howelli.

Dimensions of the type (measured by the collector) :—

Head and body 184 mm.; tail 111; hind foot 42;

ear 22.

Skull: greatest length 50°7: upper tooth-row exclusive

of pf 77.

Hlab. Chin Hills ; type from 6 miles W. of Kindat.

Alt. 5000’,

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 16. 3. 26. 40. Original

number 446. Collected 13th May, 1915, by J. M. D.

Mackenzie, Esq. ; presented by him to the Bombay Natural

History Society, and given by the latter to the National

Collection, Qune specimen.

The locality of this squirrel—west of the Chindwin—is

separated by a wide area of comparatively low-lying country

from that of its near ally D. p. howelli, and one would have

expected to find more differences than the slight reduction in

size, Which is, however, sufficient for diaguostic purposes.

All the squirrels of this group are highland dwellers, and it

is therefore probable that none occur in the Chindwin-

Irrawaddy area between the two forms,

The occurrence of this squirrel on the Chindwin was firs

recorded in 1916 *.

Dremomys pernyi imus, subsp. n.

Like D. p. howelli in all respects, but decidedly larger.

Dark dorsal line just perceptible. Front of legs washed with

dull buffy.

Dimensions of the type :—

Head and body (c.) 220 mm. ; tail 170 ; hind foot 48°5;

ear 25.

Skull: greatest length 57°5 ; condylo-incisive length 49 ;

upper cheek-teeth exclusive of p* 8°3.

Hab. Mount Imaw Bum; type from the west flank ;

lat. 26° 10’, long. 98° 30’. Alt. 7000’.

Type. Old male. B.M. no. 20. 8.7.7. Original number

19. Collected 21st October, 1919, by F. Kingdon Ward.

Presented by the Bombay Natural History Society.

A large mountain race of J. p. howelli, which is found on

the same river system further to the south.

* J. Bomb. Soc. xxiv. p. 418.

Mammals from the Yunnan Highlands. 403

22. Dremomys pernyi griselda, Thos.

d. 107; 9. 106. Mekong Valley, 27°30’. 6000-8000’.

d. 280, 281, 282, 283; ¢. 284. Mekong-Salween

divide, 28° 20’. 9000-10,000'.

23. Dremomys pernyi lichiensis, subsp. un.

d. 410, 539, 607; 2. 411, 412, 486, 533. Li-kiang

Range, 29° 30%. 10,000’. |

d. 625. Hills east of Li-Kiang Valley, 27% 10,000’.

Nearly allied to D. p. favior of S. Yunnan (Méng-tze),

with which it agrees in size ; but the general colour is a more

yellowish, less brownish, olivaceous, the face is rather more

buffy, and the fur is decidedly longer and less harsh. In

summer specimens the fur of the back is about 14 as compared

with Yim. in length, and in winter 15 as compared with

11 mm., and there is a marked difference in its texture.

Under surface broadly washed with whitish, the throat and

inguinal region more buffy; but sometimes the cliest is more

or less buffy.

Dimensions of the type :—

Head and body 175 mm. ; tail 160; hind foot 45.

Skull: greatest length 49; condylo-incisive length 42°6 ;

upper tootli-series exclusive of gf 'T:9:

Hab. as above. ‘l'ype trom the eastern flank of the Li-

kiang Range, at 27°.20' N. —10,000-12,000’.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 20.1.16.2. Collected

July 1918. j

‘The winter specimens now obtained by Mr. Forrest fully

confirm the difference shown by his previously-sent summer

examples, as compared with the good series of typical flavior,

both summer and winter, that was received from Orii in 1912.

24. Marmota robusta, M.-Kdw.

3. 398, 399, 400, 401. Mountains east of A-tun-tze,

Mekong-Yangtze divide, 28° 35’ N. 14,000-15,000’.

Adult and three young,

25. Rattus andersoni, Thos.

3. 80; ¢. 77, 79, 85, 86. Mekong Valley, 28° N.

6000-7000".

d. 127. Mekong-Yangtze divide, 27° 30’ N. 9000’.

The type-locality of this tine long-tailed rat is Mount Omi-

san, Sze-chwan.

404 Mr. O. Thomas on

26. Rattus confucianus, M.-Edw.

3. 76, 81, 82; 9. 75, 87. Mekong Valley, 28° N.

7000’.

g. 35,113; 2.116. Mekong—Yangtze divide, 27° 30’ N.

8000-9000’.

3. 405, 1237, Li-kiang Range, 27° 30’ N. 11,000-

12.000’.

27. Rattus eha ninus, subsp. n.

?. 95,163. Mekong Valley, 28° N. 8000-9000’.

3. 315,317; ¢. 309, 311. Kiu-kiang—Salween divide,

28° N. 11,000’.

Duller coloured than true eha of Sikkim, the general tone

less rufous and the face-markings almost obsolete; the black

eye-rings and greyish-white whisker-patches, so well-defined

in eha, scarcely perceptible. Sides less vivid ochraceous,

Ears brown. Feet brown proximally, white distally. Tail

long, thinly haired, faintly pencilled distally, brown above,

whitish below, the contrast less mirked than in eha.

Skull rather variable, but on the average like that of eha, -

with the exception that the interorbital space is narrower and

more sharply ridged.

Dimensions of the type raersoned in flesh) :—

Head and body 127 mm.; tail 144 (imperfect, other speci-

mens up to 180); hind foot. 27 ; ear 20.

Skull: greatest length 32 ; condylo-incisive length 23°3 ;

nasals 11°3; interorbital breadth 3°7 ; breadth of ‘braimagase

13°5; zygomatic plate 2°5 ; palatilar length 13:2; palatal

foramina 6°7 ; upper molar series (worn) 4°6.

Hab. asabove. Type from the Kiu-kiang—Salween divide.

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 22.9.1.107. Original

number 311. Collected 19th August, 1921.

The rat obtained by Mr. Kingdon Ward on Mount Imaw

Bum, and referred to &. eha in my list of his collection, is

also a good representative example of R. e. ninus, which

differs from true eha by its duller and less contrasted colora-

tion and narrower interorbital region.

28. Apodemus ilex, sp. n.

3. 176,177,314; @. 169. Kiu-kiang—Salween divide,

28° N. 8000-12,000’.

3.109; 2.89,137. Mekong—Yangtze divide, 27° 30’ N.

7000-9000’.

Mammals from the Yunnan Ilighlands. 405

3d. 123, 200, 203; ¢. 31, 201, 214, 272, 334,341. Me-

kong—Salween divide, 28° N. 9000-14,000',

3. 71, 165; 9%. 59, 73, 74. Mekong Valley, 28°.

7000’.

A brown Apodemus with 1—2=6 mamme, asin A, sylva-

ticus.

Size smull, form comparatively slender. Fur soft, spine-

less, hairs of back about 7 mm. in length. General colour

above dull fulveus brown, rather more fulvous than ‘‘ Sac-

eardo’s umber,” lined with blackish on the dorsal area,

clearer on the sides. Under surface soiled grey, the hairs

slaty at base, broadly washed terminally with greyish white ;

line of demarcation well marked. Ears large, their proectote

blackish. Hands and feet slender, white. ‘Tail rather longer

than head and body, finely ringed, almost naked, greyish

brown above, white below proximaily, more greyish terminally,

but the upper and lower colours not sharply contrasted,

Mamme 1—2=6.

Skull comparatively broad, smoothly rounded, with scarcely

any trace of supraorbital ridges. Palatal foramina not

reaching to the level of m’.

Teeth small and delicate.

Dimensions of the type :—

Head and body 97 mm.; tail 105; hind foot 22 ; ear 15.

Skull: greatest length 26°2; condylo-incisive length 23°3 ;

zygomatic breadth 13°5 ; nasals 10; interorbital breadth 4°7 ;

breadth of brain-case 12°3; palatal foramina 5:1; upper

molar series 5.

Hab. as above. Type from the Salween—Mekong divide

at 28° 20' N. Alt. 13,000-14,000’.

Type. Adult female. B.M. no, 22.9. 1.122. Original

number 834. Collected 18th September, 1921.

So far as I am aware, no Apodemus with only 1—2=6

mamme has been described from this part of Asia, that

number being characteristic of the A. sylvaticus group, to

which no doubt A. ilex belongs. A. s. draco, B.-H., has

2—2=8 mamma, as have all tlie other Chinese members of

the genus, with the one exception of the dark-coloured

Formosan A. semotus, which also has 1—2=6 *.

29. Apodemus speciosus latronum, Thos.

gd. 388; 9. 277, 278, 279, 333, 343, Mekong-Salween

divide, 28° 90’. 9000’.

2—2=8 mamnie ; ears large ; tail fairly long.

* Cf. Ann. & Mag. N. IH. (8) i. p. 448 (1908).

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9, Vol. x. 28

406 On Mammals from the Yunnan Highlands.

30. Apodemus chevriert, M.-Edw.

9. 808. Kiu-kiang-Salween divide, 28° N. 11,000’.

Q. 406, 407, 1235. Li-kiang Range, 27° 30' N.

10,000-12,000’.

The short-tailed, short-eared Apodemus with 2—2=8

mamme,

The first locality mentioned above brings this type of mouse

within the British area, all previous records having been

Chinese.

31-37. Mrcrorivz.

The considerable number of voles obtained by Mr. Forrest

—about 100 specimens—form the subject of a succeeding

paper by Mr. Martin Hinton. They appear to belong to three

genera and six species, of which several are new.

38. Ochotona roylei chinensis, Thos.

3. 299, 300, 328; ¢. 325,326,327. Mekong—Yangtze

divide, 28° 28’. 12,000-14,000’.

?. 151,158. Mekong Valley, 28°. 11,000-12,000’.

9. 209. Mekong—Salween divide, 28°. 14,000’.

A provisional determination, which cannot be checked

until specimens are obtained either of the Yunnan form in

winter or of ‘T'a-chien-lu chinensis in summer, all Mr. Forrest’s

specimens having been killed in the latter season, while the

type is in winter fur. An indication of a fulvous mark is,

however, appearing on the latter’s nape, agreeing in colour

with the well-developed mantle of the Yunnan series, so that

I have little doubt that the determination is correct.

39. Ochotona thibetana, M.-Edw.

. 1. Sung-kwei Range, N.W. Yunnan, 26° 24’ N.

10,000’.

@. 172. Kiu-kiang—Salween divide, 28° N. 11,000’.

d. 110, 121, 141; ¢. 111, 128. Mekong—Yangtze

divide, 27° 30’. 11,000-13,000'.

6.161; 2.153. Mekong Valley, 28°. 11,000-12,000’.

?. 198, 210. Mekong—Salween divide, 28°. 13,500-

14,000’.

These specimens have smaller bulle than the typical

thibetana, and confirm my suggestion that the Sikkim form—

stkimaria—will probably prove to grade into that animal.

On the Skeleton of a large Plesiosaur. 407

XLV.—Note on the Skeleton of a large Plesiosaur (Rhoma-

leosaurus thorntoni, sp. n.) from the Upper Lias of

Northamptonshire. By Crantes W. Annrews, D.Sc.,

F.R.S. (British Museum, Natural History).

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

(Plates VII.-IX. }

Some years ago the skeleton of a very large Plesiosaur was

discovered in the Upper Liassic beds of Kingsthorpe,

Northamptonshire, and, although unfortunately some

portions were lost before the value of the find was re-

cognised, the remaining bones were collected by H. Gerard

Thornton, Esq., of Kingsthorpe Hall, who has presented

them to the British Museum. ‘The portions of the skeleton

preserved are: the anterior part of the skull and the

greater part of the mandible, about 14 cervical, 3 thoracic,

24-25 dorsal, 4-5 sacral, and 17 caudal vertebree (many of

these are still united with one another), numerous portions

of the ribs, and, most important of all, the nearly complete

limb-girdles with the humeri and femora—the distal por-

tions of the paddles are wauting. All the bones preserved

are in very good condition, and are remarkable for their

massive solidity.

The Skull.—Unfortunately, only the anterior portion of

the skull is preserved : on the right side the lateral portions

as far back as a point some distance behind the orbit are

preserved, the maxilla, transpalatine, and anterior portion of

the jugal being present; on the left side this portion is

wanting, the maxilla being broken off obliquely some

distance in front of the external nasal opening.

In a general way the skull seems to have resembled that

of Rhomaleosaurus cramptoni, Carte and Baily *, sp., an

almost complete skeleton of which was obtained from the

Kettleness Alum Works (Upper Lias), near Whitby, and is

now preserved in the Museum of Science and Art, Dublin.

A cast of this specimen is exhibited in the Fossil Reptile

Gallery of the British Museum. Certain differences

between the skull of this specimen and that now described

will be noted below.

The snout is broad and depressed, and the premaxillary

region is strongly marked off by a broad notch, deepest

at the point where the maxillo-premaxillary sutures cross

* Journ, Roy. Dublin Society, vol. iv. p. 160 (1868).

408 Dr. C. W. Andrews on the

the alveolar border. From this point these sutures run

first obliquely upwards and backwards, then backwards

parallel to one another, and forming the outer borders of

the transversely arched and greatly elongated facial pro-

cesses of the premaxille, which extend far back behind the

external nares to the broken end of the fragment. They

are divided by a median suture.

The alveolar border of the maxilla is broadly convex in

its anterior portion, then beneath the point of the orbit it

becomes concave, behind which it is nearly straight, ex-

tending some distance behind the orbits. The external

nasal opening is about opposite the middle of the convex

portion of the maxilla, and much further in front of the

orbits than in &homaleosaurus cramptoni: the distance

between these openings and the tip of the snout is about

31 em.; probably the nasals and prefrontals took part in

the formation of their borders, but the crushing undergone

by the specimen renders this region obscure. The ventral

border of the orbit is formed anteriorly by the maxilla and

posteriorly by the jugal. At its hinder end the inner

border of the maxilla joins a massive bone with a strong

dowuwardly directed tuberosity ; this is the transpalatine,

and probably a portion of the pterygoid is united with it.

Anteriorly this bone and the maxillary are separated by a

notch with a rounded border, presumably the posterior

edge of a suborbital vacuity.

The middle of the palatal surface of the anterior expan-

sion of the snout is occupied by a forward extension of the

vomers, which nearly reach the alveolar border, and are

bounded by ridges on the premaxille. Behind this the

vomers widen out, first joining the maxille and then

separating the internal nares by a broad, transversely

convex bar of bone: the posterior end of these openings is

about opposite the hinder wall of the alveolus of the fourth

maxillary tooth. Behind the nares the vomers widen out,

and, no doubt, united with the anterior ends of the ptery-

goids: probably the palatines extended between these latter

and the maxille, extending forwards to reach the narial

openings, but the sutures are here obscure.

The first premaxillary tooth is small and close to the

middle line, then come three greatly enlarged teeth, and,

lastly, just in front of the maxillo-premaxillary suture a

smaller one. The first tooth in the maxilla is also small,

then come five very large ones, occupying the convex

portion of the alveolar border: behind these there is a

series of about fourteen smaller teeth, diminishing in size

at he

Skeleton of a large Plesiosaur. 409

from before backwards and extending some distance behind

the orbit. The upper teeth seem to have had a slight

anterior and posterior carina, but otherwise their crown,

which is circular in section, is nearly smooth.

The Mandible.—Like the skull the mandible is, unfortu-

nately, very incomplete. On the right side the ramus is

preserved as far back as the end of the dentigerous portion ;

on the left side, while much of the middle portion of the

ramus is wanting, the massive articular and angular region

is preserved.

The symphysial region is greatly widened out, the expan-

sion extending a little behind the symphysis to the socket

of the sixth tooth. The splenials extend a short distance

into the symphysis, the ventral surface of which is much

roughened and perforated by numerous vascular foramina.

Behind this expanded portion the ramus is comparatively

slender. The articular region is extraordinarily massive,

and has the distal portion of the quadrate still articulating

with it ; the angular process is broken away. The anterior

expansion of the mandible bears six teeth on each side.

The anterior tooth is comparatively small, and is followed by

four large ones, the sixth being again small. Behind tlie

expansion there were about twenty-five small teeth—these

diminish in size towards the back of the jaw; in several

cases alternate sockets are empty. The crowns of the

teeth are circular in section, and their enamel surface

bears numerous sharp plications running towards the top of

the crown.

Vertebral Column.—The cervical region is represented by

nine separate centra, free from the matrix and wanting

the arches, and four united with one anotber, with the arches

and zygapophyses present, but the neural spines lost: the

last of these seems to be the posterior cervical, the rib-head

having a slight contact with the incipient diapophysis of

the neural arch. The atlas and axis are lost. The centra

of the cervicals are much shorter than wide, and a little

wider than high. The length of the centrum in the mid-

ventral line is rather greater than at the neural canal.

‘he nearly circular articular surface is moderately deeply

concave, aud its edges are rounded off. The facets for the

ribs are distinctly divided into an upper and a lower portion

by a ridge. The ventral surface between the rib-facets is

perforated by a pair of large foramina separated by a

rounded hzmal ridge.

The neural arches are massive, and the zygapophyses are

very large, with nearly circular articular surfaces which

410 Dr. ©. W. Andrews on the

are almost horizontal ; the anterior and posterior facets are

about in the same plane, and the processes bearing them

are separated by a well-defined rounded notch. The base

of the neural arch extends the whole length of the centrum,

and the neural arch is nearly circular in outline.

In the three thoracic vertebre the rib-articulations pass

upwards on to the arch ; in’ them the zygapophysial articula-

tions become more oval in outline, and are more inclined to

the horizontal plane. Passing back along the dorsal series,

which seems to have included twenty-four vertebre in front

of the sacrum, the transverse processes rise rapidly on the

arch, at the same time the zygapophyses become more

inclined and relatively smaller, and towards the posterior

portion of the series their anterior and posterior articular

surfaces become concave and convex respectively. The

base of the neural arch is not so long from before back-

wards as in the cervical region. The transverse processes

are very massive, and terminate in a thickened convex

extremity, which is higher than wide and was evidently

capped with cartilage in life ; on the ventral surface of these

processes close to their point of origin there is a deep pit.

The posterior transverse processes are more inclined back-

wards than those in front. Towards the hinder end of the

series the centra become higher than wide. In this Plesiosaur

the sacrum (PI, VII.) seems remarkably well developed for

an aquatic animal. The sacral vertebre are four or five in

number: in them the transverse processes are very short,

forming prominences borne both on the arch and centrum ;

these articular surfaces for the sacral ribs are large, being

very considerably wider above than below—the second, third,

aud fourth are the largest. In this region the neural spines

were short from before backwards, and the small zygapo-

physes make an acute angle with the vertical plane. The

sacral ribs are remarkably strongly developed. ‘The first is

a simple bar of bone, with a deepened and widened proximal

end for union with the vertebra: at its outer end it thins,

curves slightly backwards, and articulates with the anterior

process of the second sacral rib; on its anterior face

towards the outer end it bears a strong cristiform ridge.

The second sacral rib is the stoutest of the series: its

proximal portion is compressed from before backwards, but

at its outer end it widens out into a massive hammer-

shaped head, the anterior arm of which unites with the

first sacral rib, while the posterior arm joius the anterior

limb of the similar hammer-shaped head borne by the third

sacral rib, which, however, is here imperfectly preserved.

Skeleton of a large Plestosaur. 411

The outer face of the hammer-heads of both these ribs

(2 and 3) is flattened, evidently for union of considerable

closeness with the upper end of the ilium. The outer end

of the fourth sacral rib is actually bifurcate, its anterior

arm joining the backward process of the third, while the

posterior probably joined a short stout rib, which may be

regarded cither as a fifth sacral or the first caudal. The

articular faces of the sacral vertebra are rather strongly

concave, without the thickened and rounded border seen in

the cervical centra: there seems to be no tendency for them

to fuse with one another.

The caudal vertebrae have short centra with not very

deeply concave articular ends; the borders of which are

sharp. The facets for union with the caudal ribs are

only slightly prominent in the front of the series, but

become more so further back. The neural spines are short

from before backwards.

The shoulder-girdle is chiefly remarkable for the massive-

ness of its constituent elements and for the shortness of the

post-glenoid region of the coracoids,

The clavicular arch is, unfortunately, incomplete, but it

can be seen that it consisted as usual of an interclavicle

and a pair of clavicles, and that its anterior border was

somewhat deeply concave ; the visceral surface is slightly

concave. The suture between the interclavicle and the

clavicle is obscure, but probably the former was a com-

paratively small element confined to the front of the middle

part of the arch, a portion of the suture on the right side

seems to be shown on PI. VIII. The outer end of the clavicle

united with the anterior ventral prolongation of the scapula,

and the suture between them is shown in Pl, VIII. The

posterior border of the clavicular arch, no doubt, united with

the front of the coracoids in the middle line. The scapulz are

both imperfect, the anterior ventral ramus being broken away.

The glenoid ramus of the scapula is immensely massive, and

unites with the coracoid in a flat triangular sutural surface ; -

the anterior border of this region forms a sharp edge,

constituting the outer border of the coraco-scapular foramen.

The dorsal ramus of the scapula rises nearly vertically from

the ventral and glenoid rami, its nearly flat outer face being

about at right angles to the ventral face of the bone. This

dorsal ramus is extraordinarily massive, being some 5 centi-

metres thick in the middle; its inner face is convex

transversely.

The coracoids are chiefly remarkable for the shortness

of their post-glenoid region. The glenoid region is very

412 D-:. C. W. Andrews on the

massive and much thickened, the visceral surface between

the articulations being strongly convex from before back-

wards, so that the symphysial surface is here very deep.

Anterior to this the bones are thin, and no doubt in front

united with the posterior border of the clavicular arch.

Towards their posterior ends also the coracoids become

quite thin. The general form of the bones of the shoulder-

girdle will be best understood from Pl. VIIT.

The humerus has a long straight shaft with a broad distal

expansion, chiefly on the posterior side, so that the anterior

border of the bone is nearly straight. The head and

tuberosity are well developed, and all the impressions for

the attachment of muscles’ are strongly marked, so that

the animal was probably adult. The bone, as a whole, is

proportionately very large; it is considerably larger than

the femur, while in Rhomaleosaurus cramptoni the reverse is

said to be the case*.

The Pelvis (Pl. [X.).—The pubes are imperfectly preserved,

but enough is present on one side or the other to permit of a

satisfactory restoration. Their broad blade has a strongly

convex anterior border, while posteriorly it is deeply notched

by the anterior border of the obturator foramen. The

acetabular process for union with the ischium is very long.

In the middle line the pubes united in a long symphysis, but

diverged posteriorly, being probably united by cartilage with

one another and with the ischia—probably they had a

junction with these latter, completely enclosing the obturator

foramina. .

The ischia are very massive bones: their acetabular pro-

cesses for union with the pubes are very long and sharply

defined. The visceral surface of the united ischia is convex

from before backwards in front and concave behind ;

posteriorly these bones seem to have been abruptly trun-

cated. The obturator foramen is an elongated oval in .

outline, its long axis being nearly antero-posterior. The

ilia are straight bones expanding towards their extremities ;

the upper expansion is considerable and is flattened, its

inner face must have united with some at least of the sacral

ribs, probably by a ligamentous union. As in the case of

the shoulder-girdle, the pelvis is remarkable for the massive

solidity of its constituent elemeuts.

The femur is a nearly straight bone with a distal expan-

sion, differing from that of the humerus in being equally

* Lydekker, Catal. Foss. Rept. Brit. Mus. pt. ii. p. 161 (1889).

Skeleton of a large Plesiosaur. 413

developed anteriorly and posteriorly, so that the median long

axis of the bone divides it equally ; it is also smaller than

in the humerus. The head, trochanter, and muscle-impres-

sions are well developed. The rest of the hind paddle is

unknown. P

As already noticed, this Plesiosaur seems to resemble most

nearly that of which the skeleton is described and rather

badly figured by Carte and Baily* under the name of

Plesiosaurus cramptoni. It is very unfortunate that this

fine skeleton has never been properly prepared and developed,

so that the shoulder and pelvic girdles are almost completely

hidden in matrix and consequently are not available for

comparison with the present specimen. The general pro-

portions of the skull and vertebral column seem to be much

the same in both, but there are several differences which

indicate that the two are not specifically identical. Thus in

the skull of our specimen the external nasal openings are

situated considerably in front of the orbits, while in

P. cramptoni they are scarcely at all in advance of them.

Again, the form of the platform of the neural arch in the

cervical vertebra, with their nearly horizontal zygapophyses,

is very different from that of the cervical vertebra figured by

Carte and Baily, in which the zygapophysial surfaces are

strongly inclined. Furthermore, in the Northampton speci-

men the humerus is relatively considerably larger than in

P. cramptoni, and its distal extremity is more expanded.

It seems therefore that our specimen should be regarded as

at least specifically different from P.cramptoni. This species

was referred by Prof. H. G. Seeleyft to a distinct genus,

Rhomalevsaurus, giving, however, somewhat inadequate

reasons for this. I propose to adopt the generic name

Rhomaleosaurus, and define the genus as follows :—

Plesiosaurs with a relatively large head and short neck

(the proportions being as five to eight). Cervical vertebrie

with very short centra and a divided rib-facet. Well-deve-

loped sacrum, Shoulder-girdle with strongly developed

clavicular arch with broadly concave anterior border ;

coracoids short in post-glenoid region. Pelvis with a com-

paratively short pubis, an elongated oval obturator foramen,

and a posteriorly truncated ischium. The present species I

propose to call Rhomaleosaurus thorntoni, sp. n., in honour

of H. Gerard Thornton, Esq., who collected the remains

and presented them to the British Museum,

* Loe, cit. supra.

+ Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. xxx. p. 448 (1874),

414 On the Skeleton of a large Plesiosaur.

It seems probable that P/lestosaurus megacephalus, Stutch-

bury, should also be referred to Rhomaleosaurus.

Some dimensions of this specimen (R. 4853) (in milli-

metres) are :—

Skull:

Width of premaxillary expansion .............eeeeees 167

ie constriction at maxillo-premaxillary suture.... 133

Length (approx.) from tip of snout to external nares.... 310

Width of articular end of quadrate ...........0.0000s 127

Mandible :

DetieGa of aymiyeis’ Sk. b.wt s tebe pail eo ne ae ene 160

Width of symphysial expansion (exaggerated)........ .. 208

Depth of ramus just behind symphysis ..............05 76

Length, Height. Width.

Cervical vertebral centra, No. 1* ........ 56 91 102

4) “4 oh ee AE emetic s 66 99 109

3 see ONG POU e Lt Jomth 63 99 112

First thoracic centrum ...........000.. 61 115 app. 1383 app.

Second ,, oy ly - "tye ido Dice eekea tees a 71 193 131

Anteriordorsal = 3.6 0". 5 sth. ee eae 66 115 144

Middle = yt gl ee Bae ta lane 79 156 145

Aieiat Jam bar eo eet ts wes 72 151 132

Largest caudal with chevrons............ 64 116 153 app.

Shoulder-girdle :

Width in straight line across coracoids at posterior angle

of glenoid cavity .......... -- 710

at middle of glenoid cavity ...... 660

Greatest length of coracoid, so far as preserved ........ 560

Height of glenoid surface of coracaid), «+ i.ssicjeeh ceael 127

Width of each coracoid at narrowest point behind glenoid

CAVITE, 'n 0 ord fea tae wn’ Cc RAY Sel pies a oe a 57

Seapula:

Width of coracoidal end of scapula .........-.eeeeeee 170

5 ascending ramus of scapula .............06 4 ie

Thickness of ascending ramus of scapula .......... ois ln

Humerus:

Lenpeh; . ask «wikis «tad Oe tess ee Sok hth. ted oes, oe 710

Width of head % 2.) {isbas <4. avi), aa. Side ee 162

" ig teal ert os ofa wb bib Ge = oe ein, < crepe .. 335

a niiddlé of Shai. 6350 «inane haa we ee » xn 5 fellate

Pelvis:

Greatest length of pubis .............. eee cere tenons 360

- width of pubis )j.05 su stds vied eet tab ee 435

Length of pubic symphysis (approx.) ........+eseeeee 295

Length of blade of ischium, . 1... 6% sissy <0 s 0s sic eB pete sale 372

Greatest ‘width of 1schvimt’) |. 02.5 aie s+ -.55+ aces pee 348

Length of articular end of ischium................0+0- 194

* These numbers do not denote the actual position in the neck, many

vertebre being missing.

(

ee Fhe, VEL.

Vol.

Nat. Hist. S.

Mag.

Ann.

ANDREWS

‘azis ‘yeu £ ynoqy

‘ads ‘INOLNUOHL SQUAVSOMIVNOHU AO NINAIOO IWUMALAAA AO NOIDA TVUOVS

IX.

A Mil,

ANDREWS.

‘OZIS “Qua fF Jnoqy

‘u'ds ‘INOLNYOHL SQUAVSOMIVNOHY JO WIGHID OLATHa

On a new Sea-star from Hong Kong. 415

Widtlh of neck.of mebinriirss s'an nian itd ad eo na eas 125

Approximate antero-posterior length of the obturator

oO) PAR RO rye <1 Sicds cto) een mse fea ae 168

Bcre ch Ue Waves.) ie ate ss oe Bata eo 2). ol Sd sis a. ee ete 302

Width: of wppoer’end. of tla oes 5 2. bs oles ee Ws ce a a ae 145

acetabeler GHds ot MIAB oe. «a5 thos a2) earn nae 127

Femur:

engi ie oy ee Mr At ee. a's hos ale sy 2 np se 678

Width of upper-end S7.AG Aine ethane wiae's ob ee e's 146

"5 lower end (approx.) ... 0... cece cesere 278

= IMmiddle; ot sHathaee. takes Scie Satis tae s eee 3 127

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

PuaTe VII,

Sacral region of vertebral column of Rhomaleosaurus thorntont, sp. n.,

from below. About } nat. size.

Pirate VIII.

Shoulder-girdle of Rhomaleosaurus thorntont, sp. 0.

from below. About + nat size.

Puare IX.

Pelvic girdle of Rhomaleosaurus thorntont, sp. v.,

from above. About + nat. size.

XLVI.—A new Sea-star from Hong Kong. By W. K

FisHer, Hopkins Marine Station, Pacific Grove, Cali-

fornia.

[Plate X.]

AMONG a number of echinoderms received from Professor

Arthur 8. Campbell, Canton Christian College, Canton, is a

new Asterina collected on the seaward side of Hong Kong

Island.

Asterina orthodon, sp. 0.

Diagnosis.—In_ general Sue, closely resembling

Asterina nuda, H. L. Clark *, but differing in having the

plates of the papular areas provided with numerous delicate

spiculiform spinelets on the concave adcentral margin ; and

in the oral armature, which consists of ten to twelve slender,

uniform, terete, opaque, blunt marginal spinelets, united by an

* «The Echinoderms of Torres Strait,’ Carnegie Institution of

Washington, Publication No, 214, 1921, p. 98, pl. xxili. figs. 3 and 4.

416 Mr. W. K. Fisher on a

opaque web into a continuous series of twenty to twenty-four

for the two plates (median spinelets not enlarged) ; suboral

webbed series, ?-form, of seven to nine spinelets, of which the

innermost are very much the longest. R=15mm.,r=11 mm.,

R=1'36r; entire diameter 30 mm.; disk rather thin, but

arched radially ; rays broad, rounded.

Description. —Abactinal surface paved with closely imbri-

cated plates, which decrease in size, centrifugally, from anal

region, Adcentral side of plates of papular area strongly

concave to admit the passage of the single papula. This

papular area includes the centre of disk (where the papule,

on account of size of plate, are more spaced) and a broad

Fig. 1. Fig. 2.

Fig. 1.—Mouth-plates and first adambulacral plate. x10. The spines

ure invisible in the dried specimen, as on the right of the figure.

Fig. 2.—Three abactinal spinelets, 0°28, 0°17, and 0135 mm. long,

respectively. x about 200.

petaloid area on each ray which extends to within to 3°5 mm.

of the ray-tip and excludes a marginal band of about the

same width. At the widest part the areas include 12 longi-

tudinal rows of plates and twelve longiseries of papula.

The plates of two radial or carinal series are imbricated, so

that the concavity faces towards the margin and adcentrally—

hence away from the radial line. Those of the five longi-

series on either side have the concavity facing adcentrally,

but towards the radial line. This causes the two radial series

to be marked off from the others. The plates of the papular

area have a crescentic group of numerous very fine spicules

new Sea-star from Hong Kong. 417

on the papular margin (upwards of thirty-five on the larger

plates of radial region, from 0°135 to 0°28 mm. long), the

remainder of plate being bare. The plates just outside the

papular areas carry a spicule, or sometimes several, but a

marginal band of plates (3°5 mm, wide) is entirely bare.

Surface of plates dotted with tiny bead-like bosses. No

small secondary plates.

The inferomarginal plates define the ambitus, and carry

each a thick brush of short spicules. The superomarginals

are entirely abactinal and are unarmed,

Actinal plates, in about ten chevrons, are in quite regular

transverse series. They bear spaced, webbed, curved combs

of four to seven slender tapered spinelets, the laterals

decidedly shorter than the median, so that the margin of the

comb is convex.

Furrow spinelets seven or eight, slender, terete, blunt, in a

very convex comb, of which the adoral spinelet is much

shorter than the aboral. The subambulacral comb, well

spaced from tle above, is also very convex and consists of

six to eight slender tapered spinelets, the laterals being very

short.

Oral spinelets, 20 to 24 to each pair of moutli-plates, are

slender, opaque, terete, blunt, nearly uniform in diameter,

and are webbed into a continuous series. ‘lhe innermost

spine of each plate (the median two of entire series) not

noticeably stouter than the others. The seven to nine

suboral spinelets form on each plate a ?-shaped series, of

which the long axis is about parallel with median suture.

Madreporic body small, irregularly quadrate, 2 mm. from

anus,

Type-locality— Hong Kong (seaward side of island, low

tide). Collected by Arthur 8. Campbell. ‘The type will be

deposited in the U.S. National Museum.

Remarks.—Dr. H. L. Clark has kindly compared the

holotype with that of A. nuda, and informs me that in his

opinion the species are quite distinct though undoubtedly

nearly allied. “The really obvious and important difference

is in the armature of the oral plates, which is very striking

when the specimens are compared. The glossy acicular

spines of nuda give a very different facies from that of the

blunt opaque spines of the Hong Kong sea-star. I think

the skeletal plates in the Chinese specimen are smaller and

more numerous than in nuda, especially the actinolaterals,

but this difference may not be constant nor important. Nuda

is much more free of spinelets abactinally than the Chinese

Asterina. Finally, tlhe appearance of the dry nuda is shiny,

418 Dr. J. Waterston on a new

as though varnished, and this I believe is due to the nature

of the epidermis, and is not artificial.” In orthodon the

surface is not at all glossy when dry.

Along with this species were collected the following

echinoderms:—Astropecten vappa tnequalis, Fisher ; Linckia

levigata (Linn.) ; Ophiothria stelligera, Lyman; Ophiarach-

nella infernalis (M. & T.); Ophiactis savignyi (M. & T.);

Polycheira rufescens (Brandt).

EXPLANATION OF PLATE X.

Fig. 1. Asterina orthodon, abactinal aspect. x 3°5.

Fig. 2. The same, actinal surface. x 3°5.

XLVII.—A new Family of Hymenoptera from South Africa.

By James Warterston, B.D., D.Sc., Assistant Keeper,

Department of Entomology, British Museum.

[Plate XI.]

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Amonast the large collection of Hymenoptera made by

Mr. Rowland E. Turner during the past two years in South

Africa, and by him generously presented to the British

Museum, is a unique 9 whose structure is so unusual that it

seems necessary to create a new family for its reception.

That the insect in question is parasitic seems probable, but

the combination of characters which it exhibits 1s so remark-

able as to preclude placing it in any of the presently recog-

nised divisions of the order. Its only affinities apparently

are with the Australian Megalyride.

Dinapsida, fam. nov.

Neuration as follows :—Fore wing, median vein (cubitus)

entirely wanting; 1st transverse and basal veins coincident,

i. é. the nervulus interstitial. Costa and subcosta enclosing

a large cell, stigma small, cubital vein rising from the middle

of tie basal, well developed, but not reaching the outer

margin. ‘I'he following cells are present: a costal, radial,

and, at least, one cubital. The subcostal and median cells

are confluent. Hind wings with the neuration much reduced,

only the subcosta and the basal stump of the radius being

present. The subcostal cell is very narrow. Propodeon flar,

FISHER.

SVUbelers

ere

Family of Ilymenoptera from South Africa, 419

multicarinate. Abdomen attached high up on propodeon

posteriorly and provided with a long ovipositor.

DINAPSIS, gen. nov.

@. Head large, transverse, wider than thorax, with a

crenulate collar-like carina posteriorly at junction with thorax.

Eyes widely apart, surrounded by an orbital carina, the

interspace, which is wider posteriorly, crevulate, Irom

above the head is lenticular, narrowed behind the eyes, and

descending evenly to shortly above the toruli where there is

a strong parabolic carina which rests at either end on the

corner of the mouth, completely shutting off the inflexed

lower face andclypeus. Toruli near mouth-edge. Mandibles

short, robust, similar, 3-dentate. Antenne 14-jointed, labrum

nearly membranous, maxillary palpus 5, labial 3-jointed.

Prothorax invisible from above. Mesonotuim without sutures,

but with a complete longitudinal median, moderately deep

punctate sulcus. Propodeon quadrate, flattened, laterally

margined from just below the level of the spiracle backwards

and above the insertion of the abdomen. On the. depressed

dorsal aspect are six longitudinal keels connected by short

parallel transverse ridges. Abdomen sessile, somewhat

globose from above. Last sternite in profile projecting,

vomeriform, Ist segment longest, exceeding the next three

taken together. Legs robust, all the femora stout. Tro-

chanters two-jointed, Ist joint of all tarsi long, 2nd to 4th

short (especially in hind pair), 5th again longer. Claws

simple, a little expanded basally in hind tarsi.

Genotype, the following species.

Dinapsis turnert, sp. n.

9. A shining black species with banded antenna, broadly

bifasciate wings, and pale trochanters.

Antenne piceous, pedicel, apex of scape, and base of first

funicular clear brown ; 5-7 of funicle still paler, yellowish

brown. Mandibles brown, darker basally, Trophi piceous,

joints 3-5 of the maxillary palpus increasingly paler. Fore

wings hyaline with two transverse brownish bands: (a) not

quite reaching the costa along the transverse and basal veins,

(6) complete and a little broader than the stigma and the

1adial cell combined. Hind wings hyaline. All veins

piceous or brown. Legs, trochanters, apex of coxe, and

extreme base of femora pale. Ist and 5th tarsal joints black

(hind legs) or piceous (anterior pairs), 2ud to 4th obscurely

paler basally.

420 On a new Family of Hymenoptera,

Head, eyes bare, widely apart (separated by 3 of the

breadth when seen from above), ocellar triangle large, each

ocellus with on its outer aspect a short shining crescentic

sulcus, general surface smooth with numerous large scattered

punctures.

Antenne (PI. XI. fig. c) : length 3 mm. (as long as the fore

Wing) without club, slender, all the joints cylindrical. Bulla

short and globose, scape (8: 5) a little expanded apically and

about twice as broad as the pedicel and funicle. Pedicel and

first four funicular joints widest apically, the remaining joints

perfectly cylindrical. The first funicular joint is longest.

‘'he proportions more exactly are 16 (scape), 14 (pedicel), 21,

20, 18, 17, 15, 15, 14, 15, 17, 14, 14, 17. In the same

scale the breadth of the funicle is about 54. Sensoria none

on scape and pedicel, on the remaining joints they increase

from 6-7 on the Ist funicular to 15-17 on the terminal

joints.

Mandibles (9:8) with the apical teeth in a sloping row.

The two lower teeth are more acute and subequal, the upper-

most being shorter and blunter. ‘Trophi partly concealed

within the cup-like mouth-opening. Stipes over 20 bristles.

Maxillary palpus (Pl. XI. fig. d) with joints in ratio 25 : 40:

50:72:96, with breadth 12:25:17:15:8. Mentum com-

pressed, vomeriform, bare. Labia! palpus (fig. e) 45: 50: 28,

breadth 18:8:12. Thorax, upper aspect, see fig. a, con-

spicuous on mesonotum is the A-figure formed by the meso-

scutal furrow and those separating the axilla and scutellum.

Puncturation of mesonotum sparser than on head. ‘he scu-

tellum smooth for the most part with a few punctures chiefly

at the sides. Metapleuree with a deep broad cone-shaped

hollow near upper anterior angle. In general, the bristles

are rather long and coarse.

Length of body 3°5 mm.

Length, including ovipositor, 6°3 mm,

Alar expanse 7 mm,

Type, 2, in British Museum, S. Africa, Cape Province,

Ceres, Feb, 1921 (R. E. Turner Coll.).

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XI.

Dinapsis turneri, sp. n., 2.

a. Body; cz, hind coxa. d, Maxillary palpus.

b. Ovipositor (profile). e. Labial palpus.

ce. Antenna. Jf. Fore wing.

g. Uind wing (proximal two-thirds).

WATERSTON. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. S. 9. Vol. X Pl. X7

DINAPSIS TURNERI, spn. oO

On Coleoptera from the Seychelles Islands, de. 421

XLVIII. — Coleoptera (Cerambycide) from the Seychelles

Islands, Aldabra, and Rodriguez *. By Cur. Aukivitiius

(Stockholm),

(Plates XIL & XI.)

Tue present collection, which has been entrusted to me by

Dr. Hugh Scott, of the University Museum of Zoology,

Cambridge, England, comes chiefly from three different

localities—the Seychelles Islands, the island of Aldabra, and

Rodriguez.

Seychelles.—The oldest list of Cerambycids from the Sey-

chelles Islands known to me was published in 1893 by

A. Lameere (Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1893, p. 105-106) and

contains eight species, viz. Macrotoma wrighti, Waterh.

(1880), Xystrocera ylobusa, Ol., Ceresium flavipes, F. (simplex,

Gyllenh.), Ceresium albopubens, Fairm. (1891), Copltops

humerosa, Fairm. (1871), Tragocephala alluaudi, sp. n.,

Olenecamptus bilobus, F., aud Apomecyna sechellarum, sp. v.,

all taken in 1892 by Ch. Alluaud.

Besides Coptops humerosa, Fairmaire also described

in 1871 another Cerambycid from the Seychelles, Hippopsis

quadricollis, not met with by Alluaud.

In his paper on insects collected by Dr. Abbott in the

Seychelles (Proc. U.S. National Museum, xix. no. 1119,

1897) M. Linell enumerates only two Cerambycids,

Xystrocera globosa and Coptops edificator, F. (bidens, F.).

In the same year A. ‘Théry described as uew a species

from La Digue, Apomecyna fauveli (= Sybra geminata, Klug,

ab.), and recorded Stromatium barbatum, \'., as a member

of the fauna of the Seychelles.

Ch. Alluaud enumerates in his great catalogue (‘ Liste

des Insectes Coléoptéres de la Région Malgache,’ 1900, in

* (This paper forms part of the series of reports of the Percy Sliden

Trust Expedition to the Indian Ocean under Professor J. Stauley

Gardiner, F.R.S., in 1905 and 1908-9. <A special set of volumes (Trans.

Linn. Soc. London, ser. 2 (Zool.), xii.xviii., from 1907 onwards) con-

tains the majority of these reports, but several of those dealing with

insects have had to be published elsewhere. I am indebted to the

Editors of the ‘ Annals and Magazine of Natural History’ for accepting

the present paper, as they have already done with several others. [ am

responsible for the lists of localities and the biological notes in Professor

Aurivillius’ paper. A first set of specimens, including the types of all

the new forms, will be placed in the B.itish Museum; other series remain

with Professor Aurivillius aud in the Cambridge University Museum.

—Hveu Scorr. }

Ann. & May. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. x. 29

422 Prof. Chr. Aurivillius on

Grandidier, Hist. Nat. Madag. xxi. 1) 11 species as oecur-

ring in the Seychelles Islands, all mentioned in the fore-

going papers. Apomecyna fauveli is, however, registered as a

synonym of Plerolophia sechellarum.

Lastly, Kolbe, in his paper ‘‘ Die Coleopterenfauna der

Seychellen,” 1910, enumerates 12 species, the same as those

in Alluaud’s list, but Apomecyna fauveli is regarded as a

distinct species,

The present collection adds no less than 12 species. to

the list, and brings the total number of Cerambycids knowu

from the Seychelles up to 23, of which 14 or 15 (=about

60 per cent.) seem to be endemic.

The endemic species are: Macrotoma wrighti, Waterh. ;

Pilatygnathus sechellarum, Auriv.; Paradandamis fuscovittata,

Auriv.; Micronemia albosignata, Auriv., glauca, Auriv.,

and bifasciata, Auriv.; Ceresium albopubens, Fairm.; Ido-

brium sechellarum, Auriv.; Obrium nitidicolle, Auriv.;

Anomoderus rugosicollis, Auriv.; Coptops humerosa, Fairm. ;

Pterolophia instabilis, Auriy.; Hyllisia quadricollis, Fairm.,

and Mahenes semifasciata, Auriv. Trayocephala alluaudi,

Lameere, which also is only known from the Seychelles,

is probably only an aberration of Tragocephala variegata,

Bertol., from the mainland of Africa, and introduced.

The non-endemic species are: Xystrocera globosa, Ol.,

also known from Madagascar, Mauritius, Egypt, South

Asia, Java, Celebes, and the Philippine Islands; Stromatium

barbatum, F., widely distributed in South Asia and also

found in Madagascar, Mauritius, and Bourbon; Ceresiwm

flavipes, F. (simplex, Gyllenh.), common from Madagascar

to New Guinea and the Philippine Islands; Coptops adifi-

cator, F¥. (Africa and 8. Asia); Trayocephala comitessa,

White (5. Africa); Olenecamptus bilobus, F. (occurs in

S. Asia from Ceylon to New Guinea, but is not found

in Madagascar or the islands adjacent to Africa); Sybra

(= Pterolo; hia) geminata, Klug (Madagascar), and Lzo-

centrus retic ulatus, Fairm. (Madagascar, Comoros). Nearly

all of these have probably been introduced in recent times

by human agency.

Aldabra.—On the small island of Aldabra hitherto only

two species of Cerambycids were known to occur, viz.

Glaucyies aldabrensis described by Linell in 1897 from

Dr. Abbott’s collections (Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xix. no. 1119,

p- 701) and Jdobrium voeltzkoui described by Professor

Kolbe in his paper “ Koleopteren der Aldabra-Inseln ”

(Abhandl. Senckenb. Naturf. Ges, xxvi. 1902, pp. 567-586) :

both species are known exclusively from Aldabra. The

——-_

Coleoptera from the Seychelles Islands, Ge. 423

present collection contains five more species, viz. Macro-

toma sp.; Paralocus semitibialis, Pairm.(also in Madagascar) ;

Idobrium femoratum, Auriv.; Coptops cwdificator, F. (widely

distributed in the African region), and Prosoplus dentatus,

Ol. (only known from some of the small neighbouring islands

and from the Mascarenes, but not from Madagascar).

The Cerambycid fauna of Aldabra comprises accordingly

seven species, of which three probably are endemic and one

also occurs on the mainland of Africa.

Rodriguez.—Six species of Cerambycide were recorded

from this island by C. O. Waterhouse in his report on

the Coleoptera collected by the “ Transit of Venus Expedi-

tion ” (Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. vol. 168 (extra vol.), pp. 510-

533, pl. lili, 1879). In his above-mentioned ‘ Liste des

Insectes Coléoptéres de la Région Malgache,’ Alluaud adds

two more, making a total of 8 recorded from this far out-

lying, highly interesting island, viz. Macrotoma simplex,

Waterh. (endemic) ; Xystrocera globosa, Ol.; Stromatium

barbatum, F.; Phoracantha semipunctata, F. (Australian,

undoubtedly introduced); Ceresium flavipes, F. (simplex,

Gyllenh.) ; Batocera rufomaculata, De Geer (=rubus) (also

found in Madagascar, Mauritius, and Bourbon) ; Coplops

edificator, ¥., and Prosoplus dentatus, O).

Through the collections made by H. J. Snell and H. P.

Thomasset in the year 1918* four very remarkable

species have bevn added to the list: dobrium magnum, Auriy.

(endemic); Glaucytes interrupta, Ol. (also known from

Madagascar and. Bourbon); Aadecops denticollis, Fairm. ?

(? also from Mauritius aud Bourbon), and Mimecyrida fasci-

culata, Auriy. (eudemic).

The Cerambycid fauna of Rodriguez consists then of 12

species, of which three are highly differentiated endemic

forms.

The carefulness and competence with which the members

of the Percy Sladen Trust Expedition have performed the

task entrusted to them is proved, not only by the many

newly discovered forms, but also by the fact that they have

met with all forms previously known from the Seychelles

and Aldabra, with the exception only of Macrotoma wrighti,

Waterh., aud Tragocephala alluaudi, Lameere, of which the

latter, however, was probably only accidentally introduced

into the islands,

* See H. J. Snell and W. H. T. Tams, “The Natural History of the

{sland of Rodriguez,” Proc. Camb. Phil, Soc. xix. part 6, pp. 283-202

(1920).

20%

424 Prof. Chr. Aurivillius on

I am indebted to Dr. Hugh Scott for notes on the

biology of some of the species.

Prioning.

1. Macrotoma (Hovatoma) simpler, C. O. Waterh. (?).

¢. Head, pronotum, antenne, and legs dark brown,

Elytra and underside paler brown. Antenne nearly as

long as the body, first joint hardly reaching behind the eyes,

about twice as long as broad, coarsely punctured; third

joint quite cylindrical, 8 mm. long, as long as the two

succeeding joints united, last joint acuminate, longer than

the 10th joimt and finely aciculate-punctate. Mandibles

short, moderately punctured in basal half. Head coarsely

punctured, with some short hairs in the broad furrow be-

tween the eyes and the antenniferous tubercles. Pronotum

broader than long, tapering towards the apex, crenulate

without spines along each side, with two posterior and one

anterior impressions on the upperside and three subnitid

elevations; coarsely but rather sparsely punctured in the

middle, but finely and very densely punctured at the sides

and at the anterior angles, nearly glabrous, with a few hairs

only in the middle between the elevations ; hind margin

convex in tiie middle and densely ciliate; hind angles

produced and directed obliquely backwards. Scutellum

obtusely rounded, brown with blackish margin, glabrous,

minutely and sparsely punctulate. Elytra glabrous, rugu-

Jose-punctate, not granulose, with three ‘rather obsolete

raised lines; the punctures much coarser in the basal fourth.

Sterna, especially metasternum, hairy. Abdomen subnitid,

sparsely punctate and pilose; last segment broadly emar-

ginate at apex and densely ciliated at margin. Legs dark

brown, subnitid; femora thickened at base, front and

middle femora spinose beneath and sparsely granulose, hind

femora nearly smooth; all the femora hairy beneath at base;

tibiz somewhat compressed and nearly triangular in section,

fore tibiz densely clothed beneath with long hairs in

apical half; fore tarsi dilated, with the first jomt shorter

than the next two joints united, last joint not so long as

joints 1-3 united. Length 41 mm.

Loc. Rodriguez: 1g, 1918 (Snell and Thomasset).

The male of M. simplex was hitherto unknown, and J have

not seen the female. It is, however, very probable that the

present male belongs to the same species as the female

described by C, O. Waterhouse, as this is the only species

REP PE Vibe

Coleoptera from the Seychelles Islands, &e. 425

of Macrotoma known from Rodriguez. Lameere refers

M. simplex ¢ to the group of species with nearly approxi-

mated eyes (‘* yeux rapprochés en dessus”); in the male the

eyes are, however, rather widely (2°5 mm.) distant on the

upperside. The sides of the prothorax are rather strongly

convex a little behind the middle.

2. Macrotoma (Hovatoma) sp.

Loc. Aldabra: Takamaka, 2 examples, x.1908 (Fryer).

Both specimens are nearly destitute of legs and antenne,

and are badly damaged. They were evidently found dead,

and are not fit to be described.

A narrow, nearly cylindrical, pale brown species, which

seems to be identical with or nearly allied to A/. waterhousei,

Lameere. Lenvgth of the male 24 mm., of the female

30 mm. :

3. Platygnathus (?) sechellarum, sp.n. (Text-fig. 1.)

?. Head, thorax, antenne, and legs blackish; elytra

dark brown, blackish at the base; abdomen dark brown,

paler at the sides. Head and pronotum punctured in the

middle and finely granulose at the sides, clothed with short

yellowish hairs emitted from the punctures or from the

granules. Head flattened between the eyes, slightly concave

between the antenniferous tubercles; gene rather long.

First antennal joint obconical, hardly reaching beyoud the

middle of the eye; second joint half as long as the first

joint or a little longer (the following joints are missing).

Pronotum broad, nearly as broad as the elytra at the base,

broadest between the posterior lateral angles; apical angles

obtuse, anterior lateral angles small; sides slightly concave

between the lateral angles, posterior lateral angles broad

aud produced; hind angles rather acute; sides between

them and the posterior lateral angles distinctly emarginate.

Seutellum obtusely rounded with few shallow punctures.

Klytra punctured all over, with very minute yellowish sete

in the punctures; the punctures slightly coarser at the base ;

no granules; a short sutural spine at apex; the raised

lines very obsolete. Underside and legs with setiferous

punctures ; abdomen with smaller aud more crowded punc-

tures. Length 89 mm. (abdomen swollen and protruding

behind the elytra).

Loe, Seychelles: Frigate Island, 1 2 , 1905 (Gardiner).

This interesting species differs from the only hitherto

Prof. Chr. Aurivillius on

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Coleoptera from the Seychelles Islands, &ec. 427

known species of the genus by the form of the pronotum

and the somewhat shorter second joint of the antenne.

Its generic position is somewhat doubtful, as the male is

unknown.

PARADANDAMIS, gen, nov.

Front subvertical, with a slightly curved transverse line

immediately below the antennal supports; gene extremely

short. Hyes large and convex, coarsely facetted and strongly

emarginate; the lower lobes large and nearly touching the

base of the mandibles. Anéenne inserted near the base

of the mandibles, nearly as long as the body in the male ;

second to fifth or sixth joints ciliated below; the first joint

obconie and slightly curved, not reaching the hind margin

of the eyes; the third joint elongate, but hardly reaching

the base of the elytra, and much shorter than the fourth and

fifth united; joints 6-10-slightly angulate at the apex ;

eleventh joint acuminate, hardly longer than the tenth ;

joints 3-11 finely carinate on the front edge, pubescent and

minutely punctulate; the first and second joints subnitid

and rather strongly punctate. Prothorax transverse, not

broader than the bead with the eyes, bisinuate at base, with

the hind angles somewhat produced ; the lateral edges very

fine between the hind angles and the coxal cavities, thence

completely wanting ; no punctured side area. Scute/lum as

long as broad, subtriangular. E/ytra long, subcylindrieal,

rounded and unarmed at the apex; each with three obtuse,

somewhat waved coste; epipleural fold as in the genus

Dandamis, strongly widened at base. Legs slender ; femora

slightly compressed, sublinear ; first joint of the hind tarsi

shorter than the next two united, Last ventral segment of

the male nearly truncate at the apex.

This interesting genus seems to be most nearly allied to

Dandamis, Gah., from which it, however, differs by the

structure of the antennz and the prothorax. ‘The episterna

of the metathorax are more restricted behind on the outer

side than on the inner, and are obliquely acuminate at the

apex.

Paradandamis is another of the forms which connect

Lacordaire’s A.gosominze and Monodesmine, and it proves

the near relation of these groups, newly acknowledged also by

Lameere (Bull. Mus. Paris, xxi. 1915, p. 61). It may be

noted here that Prionus reticulatus, Dalm., has nothing at

all to do with Anacanthus costalus, Serv., but is a female of

a species of Megopis, sens. lat., unknown to me,

428 Prof. Chr. Aurivillius on

4. Puradandamis fuscovittata, sp.n. (Pl. XIII. fig. 4.)

¢. Pale brown; head, prothorax, and tibia darker

brown, elytra testaceous-brown, each with two longitudinal

darker stripes on the outer costw; head and prothorax

rather closely and coarsely punctured, above nearly naked,

only with very short hairs ; eyes equally distant above and

_ below, the distance somewhat narrower than the scutellum ;

prothorax with a very obtuse angle near the middle of each

side, the disc with two nearly obsolete transverse elevations ;

scutellum dark brown, subtriangular, hairy at apex ; elytra

closely and very coarsely punctured, subnitid with short

erect hairs rising from the punctures ; body beneath, and

legs, more dense sly hairy. Length 17 mm.

Loc. Seye -helles: Mahé, 1908-9, 1 g, without further

record of locality.

Cerambycine.

Micronemia, gen. noy. (Disteniinorum).

Eyes prominent, rather finely facetted, broadly distant

above and below, feebly emarginate. Head slightly exserted

and briefly narrowed behind the eyes. Mazillary palpi

long, with the last joint fusiform and pointed or obliquely

truncate and triangular. Antenne longer than the body by

one-fourth to one-third of their length ; first joint curved,

gradually thickened towards the apex ; third joint slightly

longer than the first and the fourth; the following joints

gradually shorter. Prothorax unarmed, more or less

rounded at the sides and broadest at the middle, truncate

at apex and at base, convex above, without tubercles or

rugosities. Scutellum rather narrow, truncate at apex.

Llytra somewhat flattened above at the base, gradually

tapering towards the apex, which is slightly acuminate ;

marked above, except near the apex, with rows of punctures.

Prosternal process very narrow, but reaching as far behind

as the coxe; metasternal process rather broad, sloping

auteriorly. Front and middle core globular; acetabula of

frout coxze broadly open behind, of middle coxe slightly

open on the outer side. Legs elongate; femora pedunculate

and gradually but slightly thickened towards apex, hind

femora reaching to or behind the apex of the elytra; tibiz

very long aud narrow, straight and cylindrical, middle tibiz

with a slight notch on the outer side near the apex. The

first joint of the hind tarsi is as long as or longer than the

second and third united.

“°C Feira Sey

“y (Pettusyg

——

;

Coleoptera from the Seychelles Islands, §c. 429

The present genus differs from most of the other genera

belonging to the Disteniini by having the prothorax short,

regularly convex, and unarmed. From the genus Eupale-

lius, Fairm., which also has an unarmed prothorax, it seems

to differ by the much shorter prothorax, the longer antenna,

and the shorter basal joint of the hind tarsi.

The majority of specimens of the first two species of this

genus were bred from larve found in fallen and rotting

sticks of endemic trees, principally Northea, in the highest

forests. ‘The records given below show that the greater

number of these larvee were collected in Silhouette in the

drier months of August and September, but some were also

obtained in Mahé in December.

5. Micronemia albosignata, sp. n. (PI. XII. fig. 1.)

Body black, with some markings of greyish-white pubes-

cence ; the face before the antennz, the femora, and joints

3-7 of the antenne, except at apex, brown or brownish;

the first and the four last joints of the antennte as well as

the tibise and tarsi more or less darkened, fuscons. Sides

of the meso- and metasternum, hind margin of pronotum

(rather broadly), two transverse bands on the elytra (one

before and one behind the middle), the suture between the

bands, an oblique stripe between the bands emitted from

the suture, and the apical fifth of the elytra, densely clothed

with white or greyish pubescence. Length 7-9 mm.

Pronotum transverse with the sides strongly rounded.

The elytral rows of punctures are somewhat irregular at the

base and cease at the posterior white band or a little behind

it; the subhumeral and humeral rows are very distinct and

regular, the latter forming a distinct edge. The white

markings of the elytra are sometimes indistinct or almost

wanting (by abrasion ?).

Loc. Seychelles: Silhouette, Mahé.

“Of the 11 examples 8 were bred from larve or pupe,

six of which were found in the high forests of Silhouette in

August or September, aud two in the high forests of Mahe

in December, at various places between 1000 and 2400 feet.

One specimen bears a record of having been bred from a

fallen stick of the endemic ‘ Capucin’ (Northea) tree from

the highest peak of Silhouette, and, as far as I can remember,

most or all of the larvae were found in fallen and rotting

sticks or quite small branches of dicotyledonous trees,

possibly Nurthea in every case. Compare the records given

under the following sp., 4. glauca, and its ab. humeralis.

430 Prof. Chr.. Aurivillius on

All the bred examples of J/. aldosignata and M. glauca were

reared by a method which I had seen practised in England

by Dr. Sharp. It consists in packing a screw-topped glass

bottle of small diameter tightly with fragments of the

wood, and placing a single larva in each bottle in a crevice

between the pieces, after which the zine top is screwed on

and the bottle is left undisturbed, sometimes for weeks.

““The 3 specimens taken in an adult state were found

respectively in the high forest of Morne Pilot (Mahé),

xi. 1908; in Silhouette at about 1000 feet, viii—ix. 1908;

and in Mahé by Gardiner in 1905.”—H. 8.

6. Micronemia glauca, sp. n.

Testaceous-brown; vertex, pronotum, and elytra blackish,

rather densely clothed with a glaucous or greyish-green

pubescence, and without markings; abdomen subnitid,

black; autenne, except the underside of the first joint,

tibiz, and tarsi sometimes more or less infuscated; the

pubescence at the base and sides of the pronotum, on the

scutellum and at the sides of the breast, often glistening

white; last joint of palpi triangular; first antenval joint

always testaceous below, following joints either testaceous-

brown with black tips, or entirely fuscous; pronotum

minutely punctulate, with nearly glabrous median line;

elytra flattened in basal part, with six rows of punctures,

the fourth row being the shortest ; femora testaceous; tips

of tibize and tarsi more or less fuscous. Length 6-8 mm.

Loe. Seychelles: Silhouette, Mahé.

“8 examples, 5 of which were bred from larve, or in

one case from a pupa, found in the high damp forests.

Two larve and the pupa were found in Silhouette in August

or September, and one larva was found in the high forest

of Morne Seychellois (Mahé) in December. One of the

Silhouette larvee was found inastick of ‘ Capucin ’ (Northea)

on the highest peak, about 2400 feet. For methods of

breeding see under MW. albosignata.

“The 3 specimens taken as adults were found respectively

at over 1000 feet in Silhouette, viii. 1908; high damp forest

at summit of Morne Pilot, Mahé, over 2000 feet, xi. 1908;

and in Mahé, 1905 (Gardiner).”—H. 8S.

M. glauca, ab. humeralis, ab. nov.

Differs from the typical form by being smaller and

having on the elytra a lateral subhumeral yellow stripe,

;

Coleoptera from the Seychelles Islands, &e, 431

which often emits a short transverse yellow band towards the

suture behind the shoulders. Scutellum yellowish, Legs

and antennz often darkened. Length 5-6 mm.

Loc. Seychelles: Silhouette, Mahé.

“11 specimens, 7 of which were bred. Four were reared

from fallen sticks of ‘Capucin ’ (Northea) found on the

highest peak of Silhouette, about 2400 feet, viii.-ix. 1908;

one from a larva found in‘ Capucin’ wood at about 1500 feet

(Silhouette) ; one from a fallen stick of a dicotyledonous

tree (not named) found just above Mare aux Cochons in

Silhouette, over 1000 feet; and the remaining one from

another larva found near Mare aux Cochons.

“«The 4 examples taken as adults are all from the highest

and dampest forest at the summits of Morne Pilot or Morne

Blane (Mahé), at end of October or in November 1908.”

—H.S.

7. Micronemia bifasciata, sp.n. (PI. XII. fig. 2.)

Black, with a sericeous pubescence; antenne, palpi, legs,

breast, shoulders, and two transverse lateral spots on each

elytron, one before and one behind middle, testaceous or

brown ; antennal joints 3-7 and 10 black at tip, 8 and 9 en-

tirely pale, 11 entirely black. Pronotum distinctly narrower

at base than at apex, with the sides rounded in middle, longer

than in the foregoing species, minutely transversely punc-

tate-striate, the sculpture almost concealed by the yellowish

adpressed pubescence, the hairs of which are directed

upwards towards the median line. Tarsi fuscous, pale at

base. Punctures of elytral rows coarse and reaching behind

the middle. Length 5 mm.

Loc. Seychelles: Mahé, 1 specimen from the Mare aux

Cochons district, about 1500 feet, 26.1—2. ii. 1909 ; it was

taken in a forest of the endemic “ Bois de Fer” (Vateria

Seychellarum), these trees being some of the largest and

oldest in the forests of Mahé.

Easily distinguished by the form of the pronotum and

the markings of the elytra.

8. Xystrocera globosa, Oliv.

Loc. Seychelles: Mahé; Port Victoria and other places

in the cultivated country, 1905, 1906, 1908-9 ; one specimen

is labelled “grub in sap of [the imported] ‘ Bois Noir,’

Albizzia Lebbek” (Gardiner, 1905). Rodriguez, 1918

(Snell and Thomasset), 33 examples im all,

432 Prof. Chr. Aurivillius on

All the specimens belong to the Asiatic X. globosa and

not to the African _X, viitata, F. See my paper on the Ceram-

bycidw of Kilimandjaro, p. 142 (1908) *. .

9. Stromatium barbatum, Fabr,

Loc. Seychelles: Mahé; cultivated country, Port Vic-

toria, &c., 1905 and 1908-9, 7 examples.

10. Puralocus semitibialis, Fairm.

P= Teinotus cinereus, Brancs.

Loc. Aldabra. Two examples, both taken at light,

1908-9 (Fryer). Named by Dr. Gahan, and agreeing with

Fairmaire’s description: I have not been able to compare

them with specimens from Madagascar.

11. Ceresium albopubens, Fairm.

Loc. Seychelles: Mahe, xi. 1908, 1 specimen.

12. Ceresium flavipes, Fabr.

Loc. Seychelles, 16 specimens: Silhouette, Mahé. Sil-

houette: Mare aux Cochons plateau, over 1000 feet, ix. 1908.

Mahé: near Morne Blanc, about 1000 feet; Cascade, about

1000 feet ; Baie Lazare, &c. Rodriguez: 3 examples, 1918

(Snell and Thomasset).

13. Idubrium voeltzkowi, Kolbe.

Loc. Aldabra: 2 specimens (Fryer coll.), one from

Takamaka, xi. 1908, the other bearing only the record

** comes to light.”

Kolbe referred the genus /dobrium to the Graciliine, but

the characters he gives (“‘ Acetabula coxarum anticarum et

intermediarum clausa”’) are those of the Obriine. Kolbe

had only a single male before him; at least one of the

specimens before me is a female, and it has the abdomen

formed as in the Obriine, proving that the genus Lelongs

to that group.

14. Idobrium femoratum, sp. n.

Pale testaceous, head and prothorax somewhat darker;

densely clothed with a fine greyish pubescence; apical club

* In Y. Sjéstedt’s ‘Kilimandjaro-Meru Expedition,’ vol. i. Abteilung 7,

no. 11 (pp. 139-152).

al ic as

Coleoptera from the Seychelles Islands, §c. 435

of hind femora dark fuscous; antennz without erect hairs,

somewhat longer than the body, with the third joint hardly

longer than the fourth; prothorax much longer than broad,

cylindrical, not narrowed at base, slightly constricted behind

the apex, above with five obtuse elevations and_ slightly

tumid at each side in the middle, narrower than the head

with the eyes; elytra parallel-sided or slightly widened

posteriorly, broadly rounded at apex, each somewhat pointed

at the suture, distinctly punctate from the base to three-

fourths of their length, the punctures above arranged in 6-7

regular rows without distinct hairs, apical fourth nearly

impunetate; hind femora reaching a little beyond the apex

of the elytra; hind tibiz with some few short hairs. Length

of body 7-8 mm.

Loc. Aldabra: Takamaka, xi. 1908, 2 specimens (Fryer).

15. Idobrium magnum, sp. n. (Text-figs. 2a, 24.) °

Unicolorous, brownish-testaceous with a very fine greyish

pubescence, rather dull and without erect hairs; eyes

distant above and below; head impunctate above; prothorax

not longer than broad in the middle, slightly narrower at

base thaw at apex, constricted behind apex and with a trans-

verse basal furrow curved in the middle, above with an

obtuse longitudinal callosity on each side of the dise and

with the lateral margin obtusely rounded in the middle, the

dise with shallow, rather obsolete punctures; scutellum

rounded at the apex; elytra parallel-sided to near apex,

each sharply rounded or subacuminate at the apex, finely

and irregularly punctured from the base almost to the apex,

the punctures rather crowded aud not stronger at base, a

fine elevated line from near tlhe base behind the humerus to

near the apex; extreme apex subnitid, without punctures ;

hind femora not reaching the apex of the elytra, tibize with

some few erect hairs. Length 13 mm., breadth 3 mm.

Loc. Kodriguez: viil.—xi. 1918, a single female (Snell and

Thomasset).

The third joint of the antennz is hardly as long as the

fourth.

16. Idobrium sechellarum, sp. un. (PI. XII. fig. 3.)

Brownish or testaceous; front and vertex of the head,

pronotum, a broad lateral stripe and a median spot connected

with the lateral stripe on the elytra, mfuscated, dark brown

or blackish, the club of the hind femora and the apical

434 Pref. Chr. Aurivillius on

joints of the antenne also often darkened ; body above with

short erect hairs; joints 2-6 of the antenne distinctly

ciliated below; body with a very fine greyish pubescence ;

eyes broadly distant ; head, with the eyes, broader than the

prothorax, impunctate, with a short fine furrow between

the antenne ; the antenne longer than the body in both

sexes, their first joint obconic, slightly curved, the third

joint as long as the fourth, but shorter than the first and the

fifth ; prothorax longer than broad, much more narrowed at

base than at apex, obtusely protuberant on each side a little

before the middle (more so in the female than in the male),

its upper side depressed, nearly flat, with the usual elevations

nearly obsolete; scutellum small, narrow; elytra parallel-

sided, somewhat dehiscent and separately rounded at apex,

punctured from base to or somewhat beyond the middle,

the punctures arranged in longitudinal rows, the apical half

nearly impunctate; the dark lateral stripe is more or less

dilated at the base and behind, and is connected in the

middle with a discal spot, which does not always reach the

suture; epipleural margin sometimes, and extreme apex

always, pale; legs testaceous, hind femora not reaching the

apex of the elytra. Length 5-65 mm. .

Loc. Seychelles, Mahé: Mare aux Cochons district, 1500

feet, 26.1.2. 11.1909,7 ¢, 82, beaten from trees of endemic

* Bois de fer” (Vateria Seychellarum) *.

This species is somewhat variable in colour and the

antenne of the male often have joints 5-11 dark fuscous ;

rarely the club of the hind femora is also darkened.

In all the species of Jdobrium the suture of the elytra is

longitudinally impressed at the base behind the scutellum,

forming a longer or shorter groove, which is best developed

in Idobrium magnum.

Key TO THE SPECIES oF /DOBRIUM.

A. The punctures of the elytra not arranged in

longitudinal rows.

a. Prothorax not longer than broad, slightly con-

stricted at base. Length 13mm. ........ 1. L. magnum.

b. Prothorax longer than broad, strongly narrowed

at the base. Length about6mm......... 2. I. voeltzkowit.

B. The punctures of the elytra arranged in longi-

tudinal rows from base to middle or somewhat

beyond middle.

a. Prothorax strongly constricted at base, sub-

* See also under Obrium nitidicolle and Micronemia bifasciata.

Coleoptera from the Seychelles Islands, §c. 435

cordiform, dilated in the middle and nearly

flat above. Llytra marked with a fuscous

lateral stripe. Body above with erect hairs.

Antenne ciliated beneath ........... esses OY DT, seychellarum.

6, Prothorax much longer than broad, quite

cylindrical, not narrowed at base. Body

Without erect hairs above. Antenne not

SEMMET eC ct aN vite wal ex eec nc ate ere s .» 4. I. femoratum.

17. Obrium nitidicolle, sp.n. (PI. XIII. fig. 7.)

Yellowish-testaceous, a broad stripe on each side of the

prothorax and five spots (one sutural before middle, one

humeral, and one discal behind middle) on the elytra

fuscous-brown ; the elytral spots often more or less obsolete ;

head sloped in front, subnitid, the clypeus limited above by

a rather deep, straight groove; antenne longer than the

body in both sexes, finely pubescent without erect hairs,

third and fourth joints shortly ciliated below, first joint

clavate, third joint a little longer than the fourth, joints

5-8 equally long, each longer than the third, joints 9-11

gradually slightly diminishing in length; prothorax very

elongate, more than twice as long as broad at the base,

nearly cylindrical, a little narrower at base than at apex,

with the sides slightly convex in the middle between the

transverse grooves, apical groove obsolete above, basal

groove narrow, curved above in the middle; the whole

pronotum shining, naked, impunctate, and smooth without

elevations ; elytra parallel-sided, rounded at the apex,

naked, shining, distinctly punctate from base to middle or

a little beyond the middle, the punctures arranged in rows

or nearly so; femora subnitid, naked, gradually and slightly

clavate, hind femora not reaching the apex of the elytra;

tibiz with very short erect hairs; first joint of hind tarsi

as long as the second and third united. Length 5-6 mm.

Since the front coxz are exserted and the last joint of the

palpi subcylindrical, I have referred this small species to

Vbrium. The longitudinal grooves of the episterna of the

metathorax are, however, wanting or concealed by the lateral

margins of the elytra.

Loc. Seychelles: Silhouette, Mahé. Silhouette: Mare

aux Cochons plateau or forest near by, over 1000 feet,

ix. 1908, 1 g@, 1 9. Mahé: near Morne Blanc, about

1000 feet, xi. 1908, 38 g, 2 ¢; Mare aux Cochons district,

about 1500 feet, i.-ii. 1909, 1 ¢ from forest of ‘‘ Bois de

Fer” (Vateria Seychellarum),

436 Prof. Chr. Aurivillius on

18. Anomoderus rugosicollis, sp.n. (Text-fig. 3.)

Small, fuscous-brown ; head and pronotum blackish ;

elytra brownish; legs shining, castaneous; wings trans-

lucent, whitish; head small, rugoso-punctate, the front

vertical, transverse; autenuz much shorter than the body,

reaching a little beyond the apex of the elytra, subnitid,

first joint short, obovate; fourth joint a little shorter than

the others, joints 3-8 slightly thickened at the apex; pro-

thorax elongate, subcylindrical, strongly constricted at base

and distinctly swollen or obtusely tuberculate on each side

just before the basal constriction, nearly three times as long

as broad at the base ; except in the basal constriction closely

set with very small depressed (and in the middle foveate)

warts, from each of which arises an erect hair; elytra

abbreviated, rounded at apex, irregularly punctate with

erect hairs in the punctures; abdomen parallel-sided,

rounded at the apex, as long as the wings; legs short, hind

femora not reaching the apex of the abdomen; femora

abruptly clavate with a slender peduncle and an elliptical

club; first joint of hind tarsus as long as the second and

third united. Length 4 mm.

Loc. Seychelles. Mahé: 1 specimen, swept from low

herbage of ferns &c. close to the house at Cascade Estate,

about 800 feet, 1909.

This little species agrees with Anomoderus in having

divided eyes, short antenne, and elongate prothorax, but

differs from the hitherto known species of the genus,

both of which are from Madagascar, by the form and

sculpture of the prothorax.

19. Glaucytes interrupta, Ol.

Loc. Rodriguez (Snell and Thomasset), 1918, 1 ?.

20. Glaucytes aldabrensis, Linell.

G. aldabrensis is probably a local race of G. lineatocoliis,

Fairm., and seems only to differ by having the tip of the

elytra unarmed and their lateral margins without a rufous

stripe.

Loc. Aldabra: 3 g,3 9, only found in the flowers of

one species of tree (name not recorded), xii. 1908” (Fryer).

—

Coleoptera from the Seychelles Islands, Ge. 4;

Lamiine.

21. Coptops humerosa, Fairm.

Loc. Seychelles: Silhouette, Mahé. Silhouette: near

coast (one specimen) and Mare aux Cochons plateau, over

1000 feet (several specimens). Mahé: various places (not

the high forests), 1905 and 1908-9. 13 examples in all.

22. Coptops edificator, Fabr.

This widely distributed species is variable in colour and

markings. ‘The specimens from Assumption are uniformly

grey with few aud indistinct markings. The specimens

from Rodriguez are, on the contrary, very distinctly and

richly marked. Two specimens from Aldabra are much

smaller than the others.

Loc. Assumption: 1909, 6 specimens labelled “ very

common on Ficus-trees” (R. P. Dupont); 1910, 1 example.

Aldabra: 1907, 1 specimen (d’Emmerez); Takamaka,

xi. 1908 and Esprit I., xii. 1908 (Fryer). Coetivy: 19035,

1 specimen. Chagos: Salomon and Diego Garcia atolls,

1905, several specimens. Rodriguez: 1918, 8 examples

(Snell and Thomasset). 27 specimens in all.

23. Tragocephala comitessa, White.

Loc. Seychelles: Mahé, 1 ? , 1914 (Thomasset).

Agrees closely with specimens from South Africa, and is

undoubtedly introduced.

24. Olenecamptus bilobus, Fabr.

Loc. Seychelles: 16 specimens from Silhouette and

Mahé, All the examples from Silhouette, 10 in number,

were beaten at once from a single tree (of an introduced

species) in the yard behind Mons, Dauban’s house at

La Passe, viii. 1908. Some of the Mahé specimens were

collected in 1905 and 1906,

This beetle is at times a pest of cultivated figs in India,

and references to it occur in the literature of economic

entomology. It has recently been reared from larve found

under the bark of a fallen Ficus glomerata, and notes and

figures illustrating its life-history are contained in the

Report of the Imperial Entomologist (Sci. Reports Agric.

Res. Inst. Pusa, 1920-21, Calcutta, 1921, pp. 41-59,

6 plates).

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist, Ser. 9. Vol. x. 30

438 Prof. Chr. Aurivillius on

25. Madecops (?) denticollis, Fairm. (?).

Loc. Rodriguez: 1918, 3 specimens (Snell and Thomasset).

Without a comparison with specimens from Bourbon, I

am unable to say whether the form from Rodriguez is the

same as Fairmaire’s denticollis or is a nearly allied species.

Fairmaire’s description agrees, as far as it goes, rather well

with the present specimens, except that the first joint of

the antennz is obconic rather than “ crasse clavatus,” that

the prothorax is more transverse, not transversely wrinkled

behind (“ postice leviter plicatulo”’), and that the elytra are

rounded at the apex. The specimens are very like Saperda

vulpina, Klug, which is said by Alluaud to resemble

Madecops denticollis.

If M. denticollis really belongs to Madecops, then that

genus has nothing at all to do with the Mesosini, but is

most nearly allied to the Niphonini, from which it only

differs by having the head considerably distant from the

anterior cox. The eyes are emarginate, but not sub-

divided.

Mimecyripa, gen. nov. (Velorinorum).

Head short, not retractile; front transverse, broadly

concave between the antennary tubercles; gene short.

Eyes deeply emarginate, but not subdivided, coarsely

facetted ; their lower lobe subquadrate. Antenne some-

what longer than the body, broadly distant at base,

setaceous; first joint obconic, slightly flattened on under-

side; third joint much longer than the first and also longer

than the fourth, slightly curved; the following joints

gradually decreasing in length. Prothorax short, trans-

verse, distinctly and rather broadly constricted at base ;

sides unarmed, but slightly convex in the middle; apical

groove obsolete, strongly arcuate above; a very small

tubercle on each side at the apical margin; basal and apical

margins truncate. Scutellum subquadrate with the apex

truncate. Elytra subcylindrical, nearly parallel-sided ;

each rounded at apex with the sutural angle distinct ;

scutellar region somewhat elevated, posterior half with

longitudinal coste, humeral costa distinct from base. Legs

rather short; femora thickened towards apex with a fine

longitudinal line on each side, hind femora not reaching

the apex of the abdomen; tibie rather long, cylindrical,

intermediate tibie entire; first tarsal joint shorter than

the second and third united ; claws divaricate. Acetabula

Coleoptera from the Seychelles Islands, de. 439

of middle cove not open to the epimera; front cox slightly

angulate exteriorly, their acetabula completely closed pos-

teriorly. The intercoral process of the prosternum and of

the mesosternum rather narrow, slightly curved.

The species for which I have erected this new genus has

entirely the habit of a smaller Hecyrida, but differs from

that group by the exteriorly closed acetabula of the middle

cox and the non-retractile head.

26. Mimecyrida fasciculata, sp. n. (Pl. XIII. fig. 6.)

Fuscous, densely clothed with a whitish tomentum and

variegated with blackish spots and stripes; head with

impressed median line and two fuscous spots between the

antenne ; antennz pubescent and set with very short pallid

setz, but not ciliate beneath, the first joint nearly reaching

the middle of the prothorax; joints 3-6 variegated with

small dark spots or rings, joints 7-11 blackish with pale

basal ring; pronotum with broad dark median stripe and a

small dark dot on each side of it, punctate, but the punctures

hardly visible except in the median stripe; elytra very

slightly emarginate, nearly truncate at base with the humeri

distinct but rounded, lateral margin and humeral carina

slightly waved, especially behind the middle, and clothed

with short hairs on the wave-ridges; posterior half with

4—5 irregular discal coste, not reaching the apex or obsolete

before apex, two or three of these costs furnished with

small tufts of yellowish hairs; scutellar region variegated

with fuscous, a broad lateral stripe from the base below the

humerus to the middle, not visible from above except at its

posterior end, a double row of small black sutural dots, and

a large black subapical transverse spot behind the discal

costre, not reaching the sides; legs variegated with dark

dots. Length 10 mm.

Loc. Rodriguez: 1918, 1 specimen (Snell and Thomasset).

The specimen is undoubtedly a female, the last ventral

segment being long, as long as the third and fourth

segments united, and furnished with a fine longitudinal

groove ; its apex is slightly emarginate in the middle.

27. Pterolophia instabilis, sp. n. (PI. XIII. fig. 8.)

A true Plerolophia with the middle tibiz entire, the first

antennal joint flattened below, reaching nearly to the

middle of the prothorax, and the eyes subdivided and distant

above. Very variable in size, colour, aud markings. There

30*

440 Prof. Chr. Aurivillius on

are four or five, at first sight very different, forms, which are,

however, connected by intergrades. Head greyish with or

without brown speckles. Lower lobe of the eyes small,

subquadrate, hardly as long as the gena. Antenne about

as long as the body, more or less distinctly annulate with

pale yellow at base and apex of joints 3-10, and speckled

with brown or fuscous. Prothorax transverse, truncate at

base and apex, evenly convex above and finely punctured,

with the sides arcuate, greyish or brownish without distinct

markings. Scutellum always black or fuscous with narrow

pale margins. Elytra rather short, truncate at base, and

broader than the thorax, subcylindrical to beyond middle,

thence narrowed and strongly sloping to the apex, each witb

the apex rounded and unarmed, somewhat flattened above

from base to middle and very slightly swollen at the base on

each side of the scutellum, and with a nearly obsolete discal

costain the middle; rather strongly punctate, the punctures

nearly arranged in rows, stronger and deeper on the sides

of the disc, some of the punctures being distinctly larger

than others. According to colour and markings of the

elytra the following varieties may be distinguished :—

a. The typical form (Pl. XIII. fig. 8) —Ground-colour dark

greyish-brown, a broad yellowish-white stripe from the

shoulders to the suture, forming then a broad sutural

band, which is widened posteriorly to an irregular pale

patch at the beginning of the posterior declivity. The

ground-colour consequently occupies the scutellar

region, the whole sides (being much broader in the

middle), and the apex of the elytra.

b. Ab. suturalis, nov.—Elytra above from base to the

posterior declivity with a very broad greyish-white

sutural band, somewhat narrowed at the middle.

Differs from the typical form by having the ground-.

colour of the sides produced to the shoulders, but not

occupying the scutellar region.

c. Ab. abscissa, nov.—The dark colour of the sides of the

elytra more or less strongly widened above, often

reaching the suture a little behind the middle and

separating the anterior part of the pale sutural band

from the posterior patch, which is nearly always

extended over the whole declivity to the apex.

d. Ab. minuscula, nov.—Differs from the typical form only

by having the whole apical declivity as pale as the

sutural band. Only a very small specimen, length

4 mm.

Coleoptera from the Seychelles Islands, dc. 441

e. Ab. transversa, nov.—Elytra greyish or dark brown,

without other markings than a more or less distinct

transverse whitish or greyish irregular fascia at the

beginning of the posterior declivity.

f. Ab. unicolor, nov.—Elytra unicolorous greyish or brown

without markings, or only with 1-2 white dots on the

declivity of each elytron.

gy. Ab. nigrovittata, nov.—Elytra pale yellowish-grey, each

having on the side of the dise two nearly denuded

blackish vittwz, of which the upper one is very short,

and both are abbreviated towards the apex. Inter-

mediate between ab. suturalis and ab. unicolor.

Length 4-7 mm.

Loc. Seychelles: Silhouette, Mahé, Long, and Anonyme

Islands.

39 specimens in all. The forms abcissa (7 specimens),

transversa (10 specimens), and unicolor (9 specimens) seem

to be commoner than the others. About 20 examples,

representing 5 forms, were taken in Long Island, a small

coconut-planted islet with a few patches of native vegeta-

tion, close to Mahé, in July 1908. In Silhouette and Mahé

this species was found at elevatious of 1000 feet or more, in

the endemic forests, but not in the highest and dampest

zones of forest.

28. Prosoplus dentatus, Oliv.

Loc. Amirantes: Eagle I., 1905, 2 examples (Gardiner).

Astove: 1907, 1 specimen (T7homasset). Aldabra: 1907,

1 specimen (d’/’mmerez). Also known from Mauritius,

Bourbon, and Rodriguez.

29. Sybra geminata, Klug.

Loc. Seychelles: Silhouette, Mahé. 35 specimens, from

various places in the endemic forests at elevations be-

tween 1000 and 2000 feet: the only exception is a single

specimen labelled as from St. Anne (a small cultivated islet

near Mahé), 1905 (Gardiner).

A true Sybra, as Gahan has pointed out. Very variable

in size, colour, and markings. ‘ Apomecyna”’ sechellarum,

Lameere, and A. fauveli, Théry, are undoubtedly only forms

of Syéra geminata, Klug. ‘‘Oopsis” biangulata and O. ephip-

piata, Fairm., and Praonetha dorsata, Fairm., are probably

also forms of this species. The size of the specimens before

me varies from 6 to LOmm,

442 Prof. Chr. Aurivillius on

30. Hyllisia quadricollis, Fairm.

Loc. Seychelles: Mahé, near Morne Blanc and Cascade

Estate, 6 specimens.

Fairmaire described this species as an Hippopsis. The

species of Hippopsis have, however, the head and eyes

differently shaped, and seem to be restricted to the American

fauna. ‘

H. quadricollis agrees well with the genus Hyllisia, and

seems nearly allied to H. vittata, Fahr., which by its short

hind femora and the truncate apex differs from the type of

Hyllisia (stenideoides, Pasc.). The anteunz are (as in typical

Hyllisia) 12-jointed, and the first joint reaches the base of

the prothorax. The antennal joints 1-5 are ciliated beneath

with the ciliz of joints 3-5 very long in the male; lower

lobe of the eye elongate, much longer than broad, and

nearly thrice as long as the gena; front strongly punctured

and more so in the male than in the female.

31. Exucentrus reticulatus, Fairm,

Loc. Seychelles: Long 1, vii. 1908, 1 example ; Anonyme

I., i. 1909, 3 specimens; these localities are two small

coconut- planted islets near Mahé.

Known from Madagascar and the Comoro Islands, but

not previously recorded from the Seychelles. Fairmaire

erected in 1901 for this and three other species from

Madagascar a new genus Pseudocentrus, which, however,

seems not to be sufficiently distinct from Lxocentrus.

MaueENgEs, gen. nov. (Acanthocinorum),

Head a little broader than the prothorax at apex. Front

transverse, somewhat depressed in the middle. Eyes

coarsely facetted, emarginate; lower lobe subquadrate,

twice as long as the gena. Antennary tubercles broadly

separate and strongly divergent. Antenne nearly twice

as long as the body, 11-jointed, ciliated beneath to apex,

but without hairs above; first joint obconic, rather

short, not or hardly reaching the middle of the prothorax,

much shorter than the third joint; third and fourth joints

nearly equal; the following joints much shorter. Prothorar

subquadrate with a small tubercle on each side behind the

middle; the sides slightly arcuate; the base hardly nar-

rower than the apex. Scuellum short and broad, rounded

AURIVILLIUS mn. & Mag. Nat. Hist. S. 9. Vol. X. Pl. XII

CERAMBYCIDAL FROM THE SEYCHELLES.

AURIVILLIUS Ann. «&& Mag. Nat. Hist. S. 9. Vol. X. Pl. XTIT.

CERAMBYCID4) FROM THE SEYCHELLES AND RODRIGUEZ.

Coleoptera from the Seychelles Islands, hc. 443

at apex. lytra cylindrical, with fine and short erect setz ;

each rounded at apex and with three fine elevated lines, two

on the disc and one at the margin (humeral). Legs short;

femora moderately thickened; first joint of hind tarsi

shorter than the second and third united.

This new genus seems to agree in many of its characters

with /nes, Pasc., but differs especially in the elongate third

joint of its antennze.

32. Mahenes semifasciata, sp.n. (PI. XIII. fig. 5.)

Testaceous-brown, clothed with a rather dense, pale

greyish tomentum and ornamented with dark brown mark-

ings; head unicolorous; antennz fuscous at tip and with

the first joint also darkened at apex; prothorax finely

punctured, with the sides and two broad discal longitudinal

bands fuscous-brown; elytra finely and irregularly punc-

tured (the punctures showing a tendency to an arrangement

in rows), pale greyish with the humeral callus, a slightly

elevated spot on each side of the scutellum, a broad oblique

fascia in the middle of each side, not reaching the suture,

and some irregular, often obsolete, subapical and sutural

spots, blackish or brown and nearly denudate; a patch on

the femora, the apical half of the tibiz and the tarsi also

more or less fuscous. Length 4-6 mm.

Loc. Seychelles: Silhouette, Mahé, Long I. Silhouette:

Mare aux Cochons or forest above, over 1000 feet, ix. 1908,

2 examples. Mahé: near Morne Blanc, about 1000 feet,

xi. 1908, 1 specimen, and Cascade Estate, about 1000 feet,

i. 1909, 1 specimen. Long I., vil. 1908, 1 example.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

Puate XII.

Fig. le Micronemia albosignata, gen. et sp. n. (Seychelles), x 10.

Fig. 2. Micronemia bifasciata, sp. n. (Seychelles), x 10.

Fig. 3. Idobrium sechellarum, sp. n. (Seychelles), x 10 (a rather dark

example),

Prate XIII.

. Faradandamis fuscovittata, gen. et sp. n. (Seychelles), x 4.

. Mahenes semifasciata, gen. et sp. n. (Seychelles), x 8.

. Mimecyrida fasciculata, gen. et sp. n. (Rodriguez), x 6.

. Obrium nitidicolle, sp. n. (Seychelles), x 8.

. Pterolophia instabilis, sp. n., typical form (Seychelles), x 10,

PET?

OID He

444 Mr. T. H. Savory on. the Spider Liphistius.

XLIX.— The Spider Liphistius: a Study in the Biology of a

Primitive Animal. By T. H. Savory, B.A.

A PRIMITIVE animal is of interest either because it represents

a “missing link” or because it is a present reminder of a

bygone age. The structure of a primitive animal differs

from that of its nearest contemporaries in a number of features

which for various reasons are considered to be of a more

primitive character, and hence it furnishes living evidence of

the course that evolution has taken in the group to which it

belongs. Moreover, the material providing the evidence is

usually obtainable freshly and in quantity, and it can be

dissected, and these properties are not shared by the fossilized

remains on which much of the geological record is based.

Hence tie emphasis granted to the descriptions of the anatomy

of such familiar primitive animals as Amphioxus, Peripatus,

Petromyzon, and even Ray Lankester’s hypothetical Arche-

mollusc. The five weeks’ journey of Dr. Wilson, Bowers

and Cherry-Garrard in the Antarctic winter of 1911—a

journey which was probably the most strenuous of its kind—

from Cape Evans to Cape Crozier, was made for the purpose

of securing embryos of the Emperor Penguin, which is said

to be the nearest living approach to a primitive bird.

In considering the biological significance of a primitive

animal, two dangers are at hand. ‘The first of these is the

rather too general conception of evolution as a laddei-like

ascent of types, or an “end-on” process in which the more

specialized examples of one group ultimately gave birth to

tle less specialized examples of the next. It must be remem-

bered that the truth is rather to be found in the idea that the

generalized examples of a group have produced, on the one

hand, the specialized examples of that group, and, on the

other, the primitive members of the next higher group.

The second difficulty is to distinguish between the primitive

and the specialized characters of the individual animal.

Rarely can an animal exist for geological ages without

showing a specialization in one way or another, which, as it

were, compensates for its simplicity elsewhere. It is, of

course, a matter of environment and competition, but it is

necessary to recollect that an animal is seldom primitive

lock, stock and barrel.

A primitive animal which has been described by a few

authors, but which has seldom, if ever, been treated with the

fulness it deserves from the broadly biological point of view,

is the spider Liphistius. A single species was described as

_—

Mr. T. H. Savory on the Spider Liphistius. 445

Liphistius desultor by Schiédte in 1849 from a mutilated

specimen, and perfect examples were described by the Rev, O.

Pickard-Cambridge and by van Hasselt. Thorell, of Upsala,

later pointed out that Pickard-Cambridge and van Hasselt

had described specimens which were different species of the

same genus, while in the Supplement to the ‘ Histoire Natu-

relle des Arraignées’ Eugéne Simon removed the specimen

which he had in his first volume described as Liphistius

desu/tor into a second genus, which he called Anadiastothele.

There are therefore these four species at present known,

constituting the family Liphistioide :—

Liphistius desultor, Schiddte (= LZ. mamillatus, Cambr.).

sumatranus, ‘Chorell (=. desultor, v. Hass.).

birmanicus, Thorell.

Anadiastothele thorelli, Simon.

This elaboration of the original species into several species

closely related (and the distinction between these four types

is very slight) is precisely what has occurred in the histories

of both Amphiorus and Peripatus, and does not in the least

influence their general significance. Indeed, this separation

is of value in emphasizing the faet, already referred to, that

au primitive animal is not necessarily without elaborations of

its own.

In the present state of our knowledge the internal mor-

phology of Liphistius provides no evidence for its primitive

nature. On the one hand, anatomists who dissect spiders

are exceedingly scarce, on the other hand, LipAistius is a

comparatively rare species with a limited distribution, so

that it is not surprising that the two have as yet failed to

meet. Still less have we a chance of researches upon its

embryological development, which alone can solve several

questions with any degree of certainty ; and at present we

are therefore confined to its externals.

The external features in which Liphistius shows its primi-

tive nature most plainly are :—

1. The position of its spinnerettes.

2. The segmentation of its abdomen.

3. The grouping of its eyes.

4, The shape of its sternum,

5. The lengths of its legs.

The spinnerettes of all other spiders are situated, as is well

known, at the extreme posterior end of the abdomen, grouped

more or less closely round the anal tubercle. In Liphistius

446 Mr. T. H. Savory on the Spider Liphistius.

the spinnerettes are placed in the middle of the lower surface,

a place which is obviously more closely allied to the normal

position of the abdominal appendages of the Arthropoda.

All other spiders have six, or fewer, spinnerettes, while

Liphistius alone has eight. The significance of these facts

needs no emphasis.

The segmentation of the abdomen is equally striking.

This part of the body is protected by a series of nine dorsal

plates of a leathery consistency, a fact which points to a rela-

tionship between the Aranex and the Pedipalpi and Scorpions,

Simon suggests that these plates may not represent segmenta-

tion, but that they may result from the division of a dorsal

shield, such as is found in the Oonopide and the Tetra-

blemma. This is one of the points which it is hard to solve

Fig. 1.

Profile.

in the absence of embryological knowledge ; analogy is apt

to prove misleading, but the following arguments in favour of

their primitive nature may be cited :—

1. The fossilized spider, Protolycosa, of the Carboni-

ferous strata possesses a similar series of dorsal

plates.

2. Some species of the genus Paratropis, one of the

more generalized Theraphose, show vestiges of

nine segments in the abdomen of the adult.

3. Since the abdomen of such spiders as have been

embryologically studied passes through a segmented

stage it is reasonable to suppose that the segmented

form is primitive, and on this account the dorsal

shield of Oonopides is simply to be regarded as

having, like the rest of the abdomen, lost its

metamerism.

» snag tatowee

+ ~°¢ 0 ees

Y Arcee at 8 Nematic

Disa ech hinetat

Mr. T. H. Savory on the Spider Liphistius. AAT

Ventrally the first and second segments of the abdomen

are provided with plates, which cover the apertures of the

reproductive system and of the two pairs of lung-books.

‘lhe possession of two pairs of lung-books and no spiracular

trachew is also a primitive feature, shared by Liphistius and

the Theraphose.

The shape of the abdomen of Liphistius is almost spherical,

and this is certainly not a primitive form. In all living

Fig. 2.

Ventral surface.

spiders of generalized type the prevailing form of abdomen is

elongate or cylindrical, while the spherical form is charac-

teristic of the Kpeiride, makers of the elaborate spiral webs,

and the Linyphiid, famous for the bewildering complexity

of their genera, distinguishable only by minutiz of structure.

Abdominal sphericity may be due to decrease in length or to

a development of the diverticula of the intestine, and in either

case it is a character in which Liphistius shows a specializa-

tion of its own and a departure from the primitive type.

448 Mr. T. Hl. Savory on the Spider Liphistius.

The grouping of spiders’ eyes is a very valuable feature in

taxonomy. ‘The course of evolution seems, roughly speaking,

to indicate a general wandering of the eyes away from their

close proximity around and upon an ocular tubercle, so that

they spread over a larger area of the cephalothorax. The

retention and elaboration of the ocular tubercle in the Liny-

phiide is a secondary specialization, and the reduction of the

number of eyes to six, four, two, or none in the suborder

Tubitellariz would seem to be a degenerate rather than a

primitive condition. The eyes of Liphistius, eight in number,

are all situated upon a small pinnacle, and are considered to

represent their primitive condition, probably with justification.

The sternum of Liphistius is long and narrow. This is an

unusual form in living spiders, found only in a few six-eyed

forms, in which the elongation is not so marked. The

significance, if any, of this feature in Liphistius is obscure,

Fig. 3.

Ocular tubercle and eyes.

unless it be assumed that an elongated form is more closely

allied to a series of segments than is a shorter form.

In the relative lengths of its legs, Liphistius is very

unusual. The fourth pair is the longest, then the second,

then the third, and the first pair is the shortest. In this

respect, as in the segmental abdomen, Liphistius resembles

Protolycosa, in which the length is 4°2=3°1, and, in fact, all

authors agree in placing Protolycosa, as an extinct genus,

among the Liphistioide.

There seems to be no description extant of the male palpus

of Liphistius. This is particularly unfortunate, since it is an

organ which, more than any other, shows variations of form

in different genera of spiders, and a knowledge of its structure

in this instance would assuredly be of the greatest interest.

In addition to anatomical features, we can assert the primi-

tive nature of Liphistius on geological and geographical

apne rien

Py em

Cetgee ant 6

A Revision of the Genera of the Family Liparide. 449

evidence. Reference has already been made to the very

striking resemblance between Liphistius and Protolycosa, in

respect of the lengths of the legs and the segmented abdo-

men; and this is a point which scarcely needs emphasizing.

We find, in effect, one single small family of living spiders

closely similar to the type of the Carboniferous strata—a

type from which every othies family has widely departed.

These spiders have been reported only from Penang and

Sumatra, and, since their unusual form would attrect the atten-

tion of any naturalist, we may confidently assume that they

occur nowhere else. ‘This fact is in itself surprising, and

suggests that in the West Indies alone in the habitable world

Liphistius has found an environment in which it could persist

unchanged for geological ages. It is in accordance with this

fact to find that Sumatran fauna is entirely different from

that of Java, across the narrow Straits of Sunda; for example,

it includes a peculiar species of elephant, which is not found

in Java, while a great ape—Siamanga melalophus—is peculiar

to this island.

We may therefore conelude that the Liphistioide are a

family of spiders which, while showing very definite resem-

blances to several of the Theraphose, are in most ways a

survival of an extremely primitive type; and we tender a

claim that, when completely studied, they will hold among

primitive animals an important position,

L..—A Revision of the Genera of the Family Liparide. By

Colonel C. Swinnoz, M.A., F.L.S., F.Z.S., F.E.S.,

Member of the Entomological Society of France and of

the Bombay Natural History Society.

Family Liparide.

This family has been much neglected by entomologists ;

Lord Rothschild’s excellent paper in Nov. Zool. (xxiv. p. 350,

1917) shows that a revision of the family is very much

needed.

Sir George Hampson in his ‘Moths of India’ sinks

Liparide to Lymantriide, because Liparis was erected by

Artedi for a genus of fishes in 1738, but by the rules of

nomenclature the International Commission decided that

1758, the date of the tenth edition of Linnzeus’s ‘Systema

450 Colonel C. Swinhoe—A Revision of the

Nature,’ should be fixed as the nomenclatorial starting-

point.

The types of Liparis, Ochsenheimer, and “ Lymantria,”

Hiibner, are the same (‘‘ Monacha of Linnzus ’’), and as the

former has precedence the family must stand as Liparidee.

Strand, in Seitz’s Macrolep. 11. (1917), calls the family

Liparide, but ignores the genus Liparis and uses the name

Lymantria.

The genus Anthela—distinguished by the very peculiar

structure of the areole in the fore wing, which is broad and

extends nearly to the apex of the wing, and the wide

separation of vein 8 in the hind wing from the cell—Turner

makes a subfamily of the Liparide*in the first of his very

important papers on the Australian species of the family.

But in his last paper in Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, May

1921, he makes the Anthelidz a separate family ; but as its

relation to the Liparid is very evident I prefer leaving it as

a subfamily of the Liparide.

Lord Rothschild points out that many generic names in

this family are wrongly placed, and I have considered it

necessary to prove this, to give the types of each generic

name with its proper reference in its proper place.

I have sunk many so-called genera under Nygmia and

other genera: most of them are identical in structure with

the type-genera ; some of them vary in unimportant points,

which I consider cannot be called generic.

All the species in which Kirby is quoted, except those

mentioned as being in the B.M. or Mus. Oxon., represent

forms unknown to me.

Subfamily Awryverivz.

The Antheline are almost entirely Australian, most of

them have been described by Walker from types in the

British Musuem and the Oxford Museum. Dr. Turner has

sunk many of them, having had before him larger series

than we possess in England; according to Dr. Turner, the

variability of many of the species is very great, certainly

the type-specimens of many of the species sunk are so

different from each other as to justify their description as

separate species.

Genus Preroxocera, Walker, iv. p. 883 (1855).

1. Pterolocera amplicornis.

Plervlocera amplicornis, Walker, iv. p. 884.

Pterolocera similis, Walker, 1. c.

Pterolocera insignis, Herr.-Schiaff. Lep. Exot. 1858, p. 458.

Types, ¢, Adelaide, in B.M.; Melbourne.

Genera of the Family Liparide. 451

Genus Aprosita, Turner, Trans, Roy. Soe.

S. Australia, 1914, p. 456.

2. Aprosita obscura,

Trichiura obscura, Walker, vi. p. 1481 (1856).

Diaphona nuna, Felder, Reise Nov, pl. xcix. fig. 14 (1868).

Aprosita urothrix, Turner, l. c. p. 457.

Aprosita obscura, Turner, Proc. Linn, Soc. N.S, W. xlvi. p. 167 (1921),

Type, N. Australia, in B.M.; Queensland, N.S. Wales,

S. Australia.

Genus Naraxa, Walker, v. p. 1179 (1855).

Dicreagra, Felder, Reise Nov. pl. C. fig. 2 (1868).

3. Nataxa flavescens.

Arna (?) flavescens, Walker, y. p. 1128.

Nataxa flavescens, Walker, v. p. 1179.

Natava rubida, Walker, xxxii. p. 512 (1865),

Dicreagra ochrocephala, Felder, 1. ¢.

Type, Tasmania, type rubida Australia, both in B.M.; type

ochrocephala, Sydney, in Coll. Rothschild, Adelaide, King

George’s Sound, N.S. Wales.

Genus Anrueta, Walker, iv. p. 853 (1855).

Darala, Walker, iv. p. 856.

Colussa, Walker, xxi. p. 288 (1860).

Neumania, Swinhoe, Gat. Het. Mus, Oxon. i. p. 199 (1892).

Pseudodreata, Bethune-Baker, Noy. Zool. xi. p. 871 (1904).

Cycethra, Bethune-Baker, /. c.

Type, ferruginea, Walker, Darala acuta, Walker.

4. Anthela ferruginosa.

Anthela ferruginosa, Walker, iv. p. 854.

Darala parva, Walker, iv. p. 892.

Darala minuta, Swinhoe, Cat. Het. Mus, Oxon. i. p. 210 (1892),

Type, 2 (nee @), Brisbane; type, parva, Tasmania, in

B.M.; type, minuta, N.S. Wales, in Mus. Oxon.

5. Anthela phenicias.

Anthela phenicias, §, Turner, Trans. Roy. Soc. 8. Australia, 1902,

p. 182.

Anthela aspilota, 2, Turner, 7. c.

Types, Queensland, in Coll. Turner.

452 Colonel C. Swinhoe—A Revision of the

6. Anthela rubicunda.

Darala rubicunda, Swinhoe, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) ix. p. 419

(1902).

Darala pudica, Swinhoe, /. ¢.

Types, ¢ g, Roebourne, N.W. Australia, in B.M.;

S. Australia, Bungaree.

7. Anthela adriana.

Darala adriana, Swinhoe, 1. c.

Type, ¢, Sherlock River, in B.M.; Herberton, N.

Queensland.

8. Anthela leucocera.

Anthela leucocera, Turner, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, 1921, p. 170.

Type, g, Hornsby, near Sydney, in Coll. Lyell.

9. Anthela clementi.

Darala clementi, Swinhoe, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) ix. p. 81 (1902).

Type, 2, Sherlock River, in B.M.

10. Anthela elizabetha.

Odonestis elizabetha, White, Gray’s Journ. Lep. Australia, ii. p. 478

(1841).

Darala rubescens, Walker, xxxii. p. 370 (1865).

King George’s Sound: type, rubescens, 3, Australia, in

B.M.; Albany, W. Australia.

11. Anthela linopepla.

Anthela linopepla, Turner, Proc. Linn, Soc. N. 5. Wales, 1921, p. 171.

Type, 2, Darwin, N. Australia, in Coll. Turner.

12. Anthela neurospasia.

Anthela neurospasta, Turner, Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Australia, 1902, p. 182.

Anthela ochroneura, Turner, Proc, Roy. Soc. Queensland, 1915, p. 25.

Types, ¢ g, Stapleton, N. Australia; Wyndham, N.W.

Australia, in Coll. Turner.

13. Anthela hyperythra.

Anthela hyperythra, Turner, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, 1921, p. 172.

Types, ¢ 2, Darwin, N. Australia, in Coll. Turner.

Genera of the Family Liparida. 453

14. Anthela achromata.

Anthela achromata, Turner, Trans. Ent. Soc, 1904, p. 480.

Type, Thursday Isl., in Coll. Turner; Cairns, Standway

Hills, Mount Garnet, Mt. Molloy, N. Queensland, Darwin,

Stapleton, W. Australia.

15. Anthela habroptila.

Anthela habroptila, Turner, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, 1921, p. 173.

Type, ¢, Kalgoorlie, W. Australia, in National Museum,

Melbourne.

16, Anthela unisigna.

Anthela unisigna, Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1903, p. 447.

Type, ¢, Sherlock River, N.W. Australia, in B.M.

17. Anthela guenei.

Teara guenei, Newman, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1856, p. 284, pl. xviii. fig. 9.

Neumania guenei, Swinhoe, Cat. Het. Mus. Oxon. i. p. 199 (tig.) (1892).

Toowomba, Queensland, Sydney, N. S. Wales.

18. Anthela denticulata.

Teara denticuluta, Newman, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1856, p. 283.

Darala undulata, Felder, Reise Nov. pl. xeviii. fig. 11 (1868).

Darala basigera, Walker, xxxii. p. 3872 (1863).

Adelaide, type, Jasigera, in B.M.; type, undulata,

Melbourne, in Coll. Rothschild,

19. Anthela eketket.

Colussa ekeike?, Bethune-Baker, Noy. Zool, xi. p. 429, pl. fig. 42 (1904),

Type, N. Guinea, in Coll. Bethune- Baker.

20. Anthela strigata.

Pseudodreata strigata, Bethune-Baker, /. ¢. p. 371,

Type, N. Guinea, in Coll. Bethuue-Baker.

21. Anthela arva.

Cycethra arva, Bethune-Baker, /. ¢. p. 393.

Type, N. Guinea, in Coll. Bethune-Baker.

Ann, & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. x. 31

454 Colonel C. Swinhoe—4A Revision of the

22. Anthela inconstans.

Colussa strigata inconstans, Joicey, Noakes & Talbot, Trans. Ent.

Soc. 1915, p. 380, pl. Ixii. figs. 2 J, 3 9.

Types, ¢ 9, Arfak Mts., Dutch N. Guinea, in Coll.

Joicey.

23. Anthela angiana.

Colussa angiana, Joicey, Noakes & Talbot, 1. ¢. fig. 4.

Type, Dutch N. Guinea, in Coll. Joicey.

24. Anthela odontogrammata.

Colussa odontogrammata, Joicey & Talbot, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist.

(8) xx. p. 56, pl. iii. fig. 14 (1917).

Type, ¢, Dutch N. Guinea, in Coll. Joicey.

25. Anthela ostra.

Anthela ostra, Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1903, p. 442.

Anthela chrysocrossa, Turner, Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensland, 1915, p. 24.

Type, ¢, Adelaide River, N. Australia, in B.M.; type,

6, chrysocrossa, Batchelor, Adelaide River, in Coll. Turner.

Nearest to denticulata, Newman.

26. Anthela oressarcha.

Anthela oressarcha, Turner, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, 1921, p. 177.

Types, ¢ ?, Koseinsko, N. 8. Wales, in Coll. Turner.

27. Anthela cnecias.

Anthela cnecias, Turney, l. c. p. 178.

Darala ocellata, var., Walker, iv. p. 887 (1855).

Type, 9, Tasmania, in B.M.

28. Anthelu ocellata.

Darala ocellata, Walker, iv. p. 887.

Ommatophora tetrophthalma, Herr.-Schaff. Ausser. Schmett. 1856,

figs. 506, 507.

Darala ochroptera, Lower, Trans. Roy. Soc. N. Australia, xvi. p. 14

(1892).

Anthela symphona, Turner, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1904, p. 480.

Colussa psammochroa, Lower, l. c. p. 112 (1908).

Anthela nigristiyma, Fawcett, P. Z. 8. 1917, p. 248.

Type, Tasmania, in B.M.; type, symphona, Tasmania, in

Coll. ‘lurner ; Queensland, Sydney, Victoria, S. Australia.

Genera of the Family Liparide. 455

29. Anthela ariprepes.

Anthela ariprepes, Turner, Proc, Linn. Soc. N.S, Wales, 1921, p. 179.

Type, Lake Hattah, Victoria, in Coll. Turner.

30. Anthela magnifica.

Darala magnifica, Lucas, Proc. Linn. Sov. N. S. Wales, 1891, p. 286.

Darala xantharcha, Meyrick, Trans. Roy. Soc. 8. Australia, 1891,

p. 191.

Anthela tritonea, Swinhve, Trans. Ent. Soc, 1903, p. 448.

Type, Queensland, in Coll. Lucas; type, xantharcha,

Daringa, in S. Australian Museum ; type, tritonea, Queens-

land, in B.M.

31. Anthela tetraphrica.

Anthela tetraphrica, Turner, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, 1921, p. 181.

Type, ¢, Beverley, in S. Australian Mus.; type, ?,

Northam, West Australia, in Coll. Turner.

32. Anthela allocota.

Anthela allocota, Turner, l. c. p. 182.

Type, ¢, Meibourne, in National Museum, Melbourne.

33. Anthela asciscens.

Darala asciscens, Lucas, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, 1891, p. 288.

Type, Queensland, in Coll. Lucas.

34. Anthela callixantha.

Darala callixantha, 3 , Lucas, Trans. Roy,Soc. 8. Australia, 1902, p.214,

Anthela flavata, 2, Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1902, p. 452.

Type, ¢, Hammersley Range, in 8S. Australian Museum ;

type, ¢ , /lavata, Sherlock River, N.W. Australia, in B.M.;

Carnarvon, W. Australia.

35. Anthela pheodesma,

Anthela pheodesma, Turner, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, 1921, p. 183,

Type, ¢, Kuranda, near Cairns, in Coll Turner.

36. Anthela pyrrhica.

Anthela pyrrhica, Turner, lL. c.

Type, ?, Koseinsko, N. S. Wales, in coll. Turner.

31*

456 Colonel C. Swinhoe—A Revision of the

87. Anthela canescens.

Darala canescens, Walker, iv. p. 901 (1855).

Darala inornata, Walker, /. ¢.

Dreata deficiens, Walker, xxxii. p. 374 (1865).

Darala complens, Swinhoe, Cat. Het. Mus. Oxon. i. p. 209 (1892).

Anthela carneotincta, Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1908, p. 451.

Anthela crenulata, Swinhoe, l. ¢.

Anthela epicrypha, Swinhoe, Ann, & Mag. Nat, Hist. (7) xvi. p. 150

(1905).

Type, ¢, Australia; type, deficiens, g, Australia, in

B.M.; type, complens, Australia, in Mus. Oxon.; types,

3 2, carneotincta, Fremantle, in B.M.; type, crenulata,

also Fremantle, in B.M.; type, ?, epicrypha, N. 8. Wales,

in B.M.

88. Anthela asterias.

Darala asterias, Meyrick, Trans. Roy. Soc. 8S. Australia, 1891, p. 192.

Darala uniformis, Swinhoe, Cat. Het. Mus. Oxon, i. p. 210 (1892).

Anthela niphomacula, Lower, Trans. Roy. Soc. 8. Australia, 1905, p. 175.

Anthela callispila, Lower, 1. ¢.

Type, od, Melbourne, in Coll. Meyrick; Lower’s types,

Broken Hill, S. Australia, in Coll. Lower.

39. Anthela figlina.

Darala figlina, Swinhoe, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) ix. p. 81 (1902).

Type, ¢, Sherlock River, N.W. Australia, in B.M.

40. Anthela stygiana.

Darala stygiana, Butler, Aun. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) ix. p. 88 (1882).

Type, ¢, Melbourne, in B.M.

41. Anthela addita.

Darala addita, Walker, xxxii. p. 372 (1865).

Type, 9, Tasmania, in B.M.; Victoria, Hobart.

42. Anthela heliopa.

Darala heliopa, Lower, Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Australia, 1902, p. 214, 9.

Anthela heliopa, Turner, l. ec. p. 184, g.

Type, ?, Queensland, in Coll. Lower ; type, g, in Coll.

Turner.

43. Anthela excellens.

Darala excellens, Walker, iv. p. 902 (1855).

Type, 2, Australia; type, ¢, Sydney, in B.M.; Cairns.

oi Ot

Genera of the Family Liparide. 457

44. Anthela prima.

Darala prima, Walker, xxxv. p. 1917 (1866).

Colussa prima, Kirby, Cat. Lep. Het. i. p. 805 (1892).

Type, Makian, Celebes, in B.M.

45. Anthela reltoni.

Anthela reltoni, Lower, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Queensland, 1895, p. 106.

Anthela pyromacula, Lower, Trans. Roy. Soc. 8, Australia, 1905, p. 76.

Type, ¢ , Charleville, Queensland, in Queensland Museum;

type, d, pyromacula, Broken Hill, N.S. Wales, in Coll.

Lower. ;

46, Anthela varia.

Darala varia, Walker, iv. p. 890 (1855), g Q.

Darala integra, Walker, iv. p. 893, 3.

Darala hamata, Walker, iv. p. 895.

Colussa odenestaria, Walker, xxi. p. 288 (1860).

Darala pinguis, Walker, xxxii. p. 372 (1865).

Colussa uvaria, Walker, xxxv. p. 1576 (1866).

Daraia latifera, Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1862, p. 266.

Darala caniceps, Walker, 1. c. p. 269.

Darala limonea, Butler, Cist. Ent. 1874, p.291, ¢ @.

Darala succinea, Lucas, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. 8S. Wales, 1891, p. 290.

Darala scortea, Lucas, /. ¢.

Types, varia, odenestaria, pinguis, Australia; type,

integra, New Holland; type, wvaria, Moreton Bay ; type,

hamata, Sydney ; type, /atifera, Melbourne ; type, limonea,

Roehampton: all in B.M. Cairns, N. S. Wales, type,

caniceps, Moreton Bay, in Mus, Oxon.

47. Anthela acuta.

Darala acuta, Walker, iv. p. 889.

Darala excisa, Walker, l. ¢.

Darala ferruginea, Walker, iv. p. 890.

Darala conspersa, Walker, 1. c.

Darala simplex, Walker, 1. e.

Darala plana, Walker, iy. p. 892.

Darala subfaleata, Walker, iv. p. 894.

Darala faleata, Walker, iv. p. 895.

Darala cinerascens, Walker, iv. p. 900.

Darala potentaria, Walker, xxvi. p. 1591 (1862).

Darala rufifascia, Walker, xxxil. p. 370 (1865),

Darala delineata, Walker, xxxii. p. 371.

Darala quadriplaga, Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1862, p, 269.

Types, acuta, excisa, Sydney ; type, conspersa, without

locality ; types, simplex and plana, Sydney; types, subfaleata

and rufifascia, Tasmania: all in B.M.

458 Colonel C. Swinhoe—A Revision of the

48. Anthela repleta.

Darala repleta, Walker, iv. p. 896 (1855).

Darala protocentra, Meyrick. Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Australia, 1891, p. 191.

Darala hemoptera, Lower, Trans. Roy. Soc. 8. Australia, 1893, p. 150. .

Type, ¢, Tasmania, in B.M., Victoria.

49. Anthela connexa.

Darala connexa, Walker, iv. p. 898.

Darala fervens, Walker, !. ¢.

Darala postica, Walker, iv. p. 899.

Darala zonata, Felder, Reise Nov. pl. xcix. fig. 1 (1868).

Type, d, connexa; type, 3, fervens; type, b, postica: all

in B.M. Type, zonata, Australia, in Coll. Rothschild.

50. Anthela nicothoé.

Bombyz nicothoé, Boisd. Voy. de )’ Astrolabe, i. p. 226 (1832).

Lelia australasie, Herr.-Schaff. Ausser. Schmett. fig. 886 (1855).

Darala adusta, Walker, iv. p. 897 (1855).

Darala censors (misprint), Walker, xxxiii. p. 865 (1865).

Darala consors, Walker, xxxv. p. 1917 (1866).

Darala rubeola, Felder, Reise Nov. pl. xcviii. fig. 9 (1868).

Colussa vinosa, ‘Rosen, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) xvi. p. 884 (1885).

Type, adusta, Tasmania; type, ¢, consors, Australia ;

type, vinosa, Australia: all in B.M. Type, rubeola, Australia,

in Coll. Rothschild; Victoria, Kangaroo Isl., S. Australia.

The following species unrecognised by Dr. Turner, Proc.

Linn. Soc. N.S.W. 1921, p. 190 :—

51. Anthela simplex.

52. Arnissa simplex, Walker, Char. Undescr. Lep. p. 77.

Type in National Museum, Melbourne.

53. Darala linearis, Lucas, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales,

1891, p. 289.

54. Darala rubroscripta, Lucas, l.c. p. 291.

55. Darala rosea, Lucas, l. c.

56. Darala cupreotincta, Lucas, Proc. Linn. Soc. Queensland,

1891, p. 75.

57. Darala trisecta, Lucas, /. c. 1898, p. 67.

58. Darala maculosa, Lucas, l. ¢.

59. Darala consuta, Lucas, 1. c. 1899, p. 139.

Genera of the Family Liparide, 459

Genus Cuenvata, Swinhoe, Cat. Het. Mus. Oxon. i.

p. 212 (fig.) (1892).

60. Chenuala rufa.

Chenuala rufa, Swinhoe, J. ¢.

Type, Queensland, in Mus. Oxon.

Genus Cnetrrteryx, Gray, Trans. Ent. Soc. i. p. 122 (1832).

61. Chelepterysz collesi.

Chelepteryx collest, Gray, 1. ¢.

fo Sa laplacet, Feist. Voy. de la Fab. v. 1839, Suppl. p. 20, pl. viii.

fig. 9.

Queensland, Sydney, Melbourne.

62. Chelepteryx felderi.

Darala chelepteryx, Felder, Reise Nov. pl. xeviii. fig. 10 (1368).

Chelepteryx felderi, Turner, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1904, p. 481.

Type, Victoria, in Coll. Rothschild ; Lord Howe Island.

Genus Grrnyroneura, Turner, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1919, p. 417.

63. Gephyroneura cosmia.

Gephyroneura cosmia, Turner, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, 192i,

p. 189.

Type, ¢, Queensland, in Coll. Turner.

Genus Municuryia, Walker, xxxil. p. 395 (1862).

64. Munichryia senicula.

Munichryia senicula, Walker, 7. ¢. p. 896.

Hypochromia nyssiata, Felder, Reise Noy. pl. Ixxv. fig. 8 (1874).

Type, Moreton Bay, in B.M.; type, nysstafa, in Coll.

Rothschild.

Species wrongly referred to the Family.

65. Darala lineosa, Walker, Trans. Ent. Soe. 1862, p. 269

(Eupterotide), not Australia, but Delagoa Bay ; type,

in Mus. Oxon.

66. Darala expansa, Lucas, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. 8. Wales,

1891, p. 286 (Kupterotide).

67. Darala serranotata, Lucas, l. ¢. p. 188 (Kupterotide,

genus Cotana).

460 Colonel C. Swinhoe—A Revision of the

Subfamily Drparrx.

Genus Denpropaters, Hampson, Moths of India, i.

p. 491 (1892).

68. Dendrophleps semihyalina.

Dendrophleps semihyalina, Hampson, J. ¢.

Type, ¢, Khasia Hills, in B.M.

Genus Evzora, Turner, Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensland,

Xxvil. p. 492 (1915).

Caragola, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 46 (1879) (preocc.).

Type, costalis, Moore.

69. Euczora costalis.

Caragola costalis, Moore, J. ¢. pl. ii. fig. 2.

Type, Sikkim, in Coll. Rothschild. .

70. Euzora collucens.

Portheria collucens, Lucas, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. 1889, p. 1090.

Euzora collucens, Turner, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. xiv. (4) p. 492

(1920).

Type, Atherton, in Coll. Lucas ; Brisbane.

71. Euzora clara.

Redoa clara, Walker, xxxii. p. 345 (1865).

Caviria clara, Hampson, Moths of India, i. p. 489 (1892).

Type, Sikkim, in B.M.; Khasia Hills.

72. Euzora sericea.

Stilpnotia sericea, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 45 (1879); Leech, Trans. Ent.

Soc. 1899, p. 142.

Caviria sericea, Hampson, l. c. p. 490.

Type, Sikkim, in B.M.; Khasia Hills; W. China.

73. Euzora kebea.

Caragola kebea, Beth.-Baker, Nov. Zool. xv. p. 199 (1908).

Type, Mt. Kebea, N. Guinea, in Coll. Bethune-Baker.

74, Luzora ochripes.

Stilpnotia ochripes, Moore, 1. c.

Type, Darjiling, in Coll. Rothschild; Chinn Hills, Khasia

Hills.

Genera of the Family Liparide. 461

Genus Penpria, Swinhoe, Ann. & Mag Nat. Hist. (7)

xvil. p. 540 (1906).

Type, rinaria, Moore.

75. Pendria rinaria.

ftedoa rinaria, Moore, Cat. Lep. E. I. Co. ii. p. 336 (1859).

Leucoma magaritacea, Snellen, Tijd. vy. Ent. xxix. p. 35, pl. i. figs. 2,

2a (1886).

Arctornis snelleni, Kirby, Cat. Moths, i. p. 432 (1892).

Pendria rinaria, Swinhoe, /. ¢.

Type, Java, in B.M. ; type, margaritacea, Sumatra, in

Coll. Snellen.

76. Pendria rotundata.

Pendria rotundata, Swinhoe, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Uist. (7) xviii. p. 405

(1906).

Type, g, Nias, in B.M.

77. Pendria dica.

Redoa dica, Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1891, p. 478 (note).

Caviria rinaria, Hmpsn, (part), Moths of India, i. p. 490 (1892).

Type, 2, Khasia Hills, in B.M,

78. Pendria impressa.

Leucoma impressa, Snellen, Tijd. v. Ent. xx. p. 8, pl. i. fig. 1 (1877).

Type, Java, in coll. Snellen ; Sumatra.

79. Pendria cygna,

Caviria cygna, Moore, P. Z.S. 1877, p. 601

Type, Ceylon, in B.M.; Nilgiris, Travancore.

Genus Stitpnotia, Westw. & Humphr. Brit. Moths,

i. p. 90 (1841).

Leucvsia, Ramb. Cat. Lep. Andalusie, ii. p. 266 (1866) (note).

Charala, Moore, Trans. knt. Soc. 1884, p. 359.

80. Stilpnotia salicis.

Bombyx salicis, Linn, Syst. Nat. i. p. 502 (1758).

Throughout Europe, Siberia, Tian Shan, also in the Arctic

region.

462 Colonel C. Swinhoe—A Revision of the

81. Stilpnotia candida.

Stilpnotia candida, Staud. Rom, Mem. Lep. vi. p. 308.

Ab. sohesti, Capr. Compt. Rend. Soc. E. Belg. xxi. p. 200.

E. Siberia, Urga, Amurland, Japan, Corea, China.

82. Stilpnotia nigripennata.

Stilpnotia nigripennata, Staud. Iris, xii. p. 338.

Ab. nigrociliata, Fuchs, Jahrb. Nass. Ver. xvi. v wa:

Ab. rubicunda, Strand, Schr. Nat. Ges. Danzig, N.F. x. p. 85.

Tian Shan, Germany, South Norway.

83. Stilpnotia flavisulphurea.

Leucoma flavisulphurea, Ersch. Hor. Soc. Ent. Ross. viii. p. 316

(1872).

Ferghana, Sarafshan district, Samarcand.

84. Stilpnotia cretacea.

Stilpnotia cretacea, Strand, Rebb. Cat. Pal. Lep. p. 117.

Tayk-kul.

85. Stilpnotia ochropoda.

Liparis ochropoda, Eversm. Bull. Mose. xx. (2) p. 76, pl. y. figs. 1-3

(1847).

Dauria, S.E. Siberia, Ussuri District.

86. Stilpnotia sartus.

Ocneria sartus, Ersch. Fedchenko’s Reise Lep. p. 36, pl. ii. fig. 32

(1874).

Turkestan, Sarafkan District, Ferghana, Issyk, Kul-

Tianshe.

Genus Levcoma, Ill. Brit. Ent. Haust. ii. p. 64 (1829).

Laria, Schrank, Fauna Boica, ii. (2) pp. 147, 150 (1802) (praeoce.).

87. Leucoma cygna.

Redoa cyygna, Moore, P. Z.S. 1879, p. 401. ;

Redoa cymbicornis, Butler, Ill. Het. v. p. 48, pl. lxxxix. fig. 2, 9

(1881).

Redoa nigricilia, Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1881, p. 478.

Laria l-nigrum, Leech, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1889, p. 127 (part.).

Type, 2, India, in B.M.; types, cymbicornis, Sikkim ;

type, nigricilia, Khasia Hills: allin B.M. W. China,

pepe ae

Genera of the Family Liparide. 163

88. Leucoma connua.

Ocinara connua, Hutton, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1865, p. 330,

Type, Mussuri, in B.M.; Dhera-Dan, N. Burma,

Genus Repoa, Walker, iv. p. 826 (1855).

Homeomeria, Wallgrn. K. Vet.-Akad. Handl. (2) v. (4) p. 86 (1865).

Type, submarginata, Walker.

89. Redoa submarginata.

Redoa submarginata, Walker, 1. c.; Butler, 111. Het. v. p. 18, pl. lxxxvi.

fiz.3 (1881); Turner, Proce. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. xlv. (4) p. 492 (1920).

Redoa transiens, Walker, Trans. Linn. Soc. v. p. 128 (1862).

Leucoma hipparia, Swinhoe, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) xii. p, 214

(1893).

Type, Sylhet, in B.M. Type, transiens, Sarawak ; type,

hipparia, Khasia Hills: both in B.M.

90. Redoa maria.

Redoa maria, Kirby, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) xviii. p. 383 (1896).

Type, Mtze, E. Africa, in B.M.

91. Redoa flavicapilla.

Leucoma flavicapilla, Wallgrn. Wien. ent. Mon. iv. p. 163 (1860).

Homeomeria flavicapilla, Wallgrn. K. Vet.-Akad. Handl. (2) v. (4)

p. 36 (1865).

Caffraria.

92. Redoa sericea.

Redoa sericea, Kenrick, Trans. Ent. Soc, 1913, p. 599.

Type, ¢ 2, Madagascar, in Coll. Kenrick.

938. Redoa roseicozxa.

Redoa roseicoxa, Kenrick, /. c. pl. xxxi. fig. 11.

Type, ? , Madagascar, in Coll. Kenrick.

94. Redoa costalis.

Leucoma costalis, Swinhoe, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xvii. p. 541

(1906).

Type, ¢, Uganda, in B.M,

464 Colonel C. Swinhoe—A Revision of the

95. Redoa pruinosa.

Leucoma pruinosa, Butler, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) iv. p. 236

(1879).

Arctornis pruinosa, Kirby, Cat. Moths, i. p. 483 (1892).

Type, 9, Madagascar, in B.M.

96. Redoa nitida.

Leucoma nitida, Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1903, p. 379.

Types, ¢ 2, Old Calabar, in B.M., Ogove River, Sapele,

Niger River. Gold Coast, all females.

97. Redoa aurifrons.

Euproctis aurifrons, Méschler, Abh. Senck. Ges. xv. p. 75, fig. 3

(1887).

Leucoma aurifrons, Swinhoe, J, c. p. 585 (note).

Aburi, Gold Coast.

98. Redoa luteipes.

Stilpnotia luteipes, Walker, iv. p. 843, 2 (1855)

Homeomeria luteipes, Kirby, 1. ¢. p. 437.

Leucoma luteipes, Swinhoe, /. c. p. 379 (note).

Redoa laba, Schaus & Clements, Lep. Sierra Leone, p. 25, pl. i.

fig. 4, ¢ (1893).

Redoa ogovensis, Holland, Ent. News Phil. 1893, p. 63, pl. iii,

figs. 12, 13.

Type, ?, Sierra Leone, in B.M.; Old Calabar.

99. Redoa tiphia.

Leucoma tiphia, Swinhoe, l.c. p. 381.

Types, ¢ 2, Nairobi Forest, Kikuyu, B.E. Africa, in B.M.

100. Redoa usebia.

Leucoma usebia, Swinhoe, l. c. p. 382.

Type, ¢, Nyassa, in B.M.

101. Redoa crocipes.

Cypra crocipes, Boisd. Faun. Madag. p. 87, pl. xii. fig. 2 (1833).

Madagascar.

102. Redoa tavetensis.

Leucoma tavetensis, Holland, Ent. Suppl. xxy. p. 93 (1895); Swinhoe,

l. ¢. (note),

Genera of the Family Liparide. 465

Antiphella telesilla, Druce, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist: (7) iii. p. 469

(189).

Type, Kilimanjaro, in U.S. Nat. Mus. ; type, ¢, ¢ellisilla,

Zanzibar, in Coll. Joicey.

103. Redoa gracillima,

Leucoma gracillima, Uolland, Ent, News Phil. 1893, p. 64, pl. iii.

fig. 9.

Ogove River, Old Calabar,

104. Redoa vata.

Leucoma vata, Swinhoe, l. e.

Type, 3, River Niger, Sapele, in B.M.

105. Redoa nivosa.

Leucoma nivosa, Walker, xxxii. p. 344, 2 (1863) (described as ¢).

Type, 9, Mt. Ophir, Malacca, in Mus. Oxon.

106. Redoa niveata.

Euproctis niveata, Walker, xxxii. p. 350, 9 (described as ¢).

Type, 2, Makiau, Celebes, in Mus. Oxon.

107. Redoa intacta.

Redoa intacta, Walker, xxxv. p. 1916, 9 (1866) (described as ¢).

Type, 2, N. Guinea, in Mus. Oxon.

108. Redoa perfecta.

Redva perfecta, Walker, Journ. Linn. Soc. vi. p. 128 (1862),

Type, Sarawak, in Mus. Oxon; Ké Island, Perak.

109. Redoa flavescens.

Redoa flavescens, Moore, P. Z, 8. 1877, p. 600,

tedoa sericea, Moore, 1. ¢.

Both types, Andamans, in B.M,

110. Redoa albifrons.

tat) albifrons, Beth.-Baker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) vii. p. 540

( :

Type, ¢, Oni, Lagos, in Mus. Oxon,

466 Colonel C, Swinhoe—A Revision of the

111. Ledoa albissima.

Leucoma albissima, Beth.-Baker, J. c.

Types, ¢ 2, N. Dalla, 2700 ft., in Coll. Bethune-Baker.

112. Redoa thyridoptera.

Leucoma thyridoptera, Hmpsn. Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. xx. (1)

p- 114, pl. E. fig, 5 (1910).

Type, °, Ceylon, in B.M.

113. Redoa micacea.

Redoa micacea, Walker, Journ. Linn. Soe. vi. p. 127 (1862).

Type, Borneo, in B.M. ; Java.

114. Redoa egerina.

Leucoma egerina, Swinhoe, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) xii. p. 214

(1898).

Type, Singapore, in B.M.

115. Redoa marginalis.

Redoa marginalis, Walker, Journ. Linn. Soc. vi. p. 128 (1862).

Type, Sarawak, in Mus. Oxonu.; Kuching, Singapore ;

Ké Island; Mt. Kelva, B. N. Guinea; Philippines.

116. Redoa moorei.

Leucoma moorei, Leech, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1899, p. 143.

Redoa alba, Moore, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (4) xx. p. 32 (1877)

(preeocc.).

Type, China, in B.M. Type, alba, Shanghai, in B.M. ;

Gensan, Ichang, Chang-Yang, Omeishan, Moupin, Wa-Shan.

117. Redoa diaphana.

Redoa diaphana, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 46, no. 1051, ¢.

Redoa lactea, Moore, l. c. no. 153, 9.

Both types, Darjiling, in B.M.

118. Redoa minutissima.

Leucoma minutissima, Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1903, p. 380.

Type, Sarawak, in B.M.

119. Redoa acesta.

Laria acesta, Snellen, Tijd. v. Ent. xxiv. p. 128 (1881).

Type, Luzon, Philippines, in Coll. Snellen.

Genera of the Family Liparide. 467

120, Redoa rufimarginata.

Leucoma rufimarginata, Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1903, p. 383,

Types, 3 2, Pulo Laut, in B.M.

121. Redoa primula.

Leucoma primula, Swinhoe, !. ¢.

Type, d 2, Sangir, in B.M.

122. Redoa flora.

Leucoma flora, Swinhoe, /. c.

Type, ¢, Pulo Laut, in B.M.

123. Redoa discirufa.

Leucoma discirufa, Swinhoe, J. c. p. 384.

Type, Pulo Laut, in B.M.

124. Redoa lobipennis.

Leucoma lobipennis, Swinhoe, Cat. Het. Mus. Oxon. i. p. 203 (1892).

Type, ¢, Dorey, in B.M.

125. Redoa riguata,

Leucoma riguata, Snellen, Deutsch. ent. Zeit., Lep. viii. p. 138

(1895).

Types, ¢ 2, Deli, Sumatra, in Coll. Snellen.

126. Redoa pulverulenta.

Leucoma pulverulenta, Snellen, 1. ce.

Type, ¢, Deli, Sumatra, in Coll. Snellen.

127. Redoa pellucida.

Leucoma pellucida, Swiuhoe, /. ec. p. 581.

Type, Khasia Hills, in B.M.

128. Redva divisa.

Euproctis divisa, Walker, iv. p. 836 (1855).

Leucoma divisa, Swinhoe, /. c. p. 380 (note).

Type, Sylhet, in B.M.

129. Redoa silhetica.,

Penora silhetica, Walker, xxxii. p. 341 (1865).

Type, Sylhet, in B.M.; Khasia Hills.

468 Colonel C. Swinhoe—A Revision of the

130. Redoa semihyalina.

Leucoma semihyalina, Swinhoe, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xiv.

p. 421 (1904).

Type, Padang, Sumatra, in B.M.

Genus CarriIoLa, nov.

Fore wing with the costa arched, apex slightly rounded,

outer margin nearly straight to the hinder margin, which is

rounded, cell very broad, vein 5 from above the lower angle,

6 from the upper angle, 7, 8, 9, and 10 stalked near apex ;

hind wing with the outer margin rounded; wing hyaline ;

antenne slightly pectinated in both sexes. Abdomen of

male slender, of female robust.

Type, ecnomoda, Swiuloe.

131. Carriola ecnomoda.

Leucoma ecnomoda, 6, Swinhoe, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xx.

p. 77 (1907); 2, Swinhoe, /. c. (8) xviii. p. 215 (1916).

Type, g, Padang, Sumatra, in B.M.; type, ?, Padang,

in Coll. Swinhoe.

132. Carriola saturnioides.

Lelia saturnioides, Snellen, Tijd. v. Ent. xxii. p. 105, pl. viii. figs. 7,

7 a-e (1879).

Leucoma saturnioides, Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1903, p. 384 (note).

Type, Celebes, in Coll. Snellen. Singapore, Philippines.

133. Carriola fenestrata.

Leucoma fenestrata, Hmpsn. Moths of India, i. p- 489 (1892).

Macrauzata fenestrata, Hmpsn. Ill. Het. ix. p. 78, pl. clx. fig. 16

(1893).

Type, ¢, Ceylon, in B.M.

Genus PseuparctiA, Beth.-Baker, Ann. & Mag. Nat.

Hist. (8) vii. p. 540 (1911).

134. Pseudarctia nivea.

Pseudarctia nivea, Beth.-Baker, 1. ¢.

Type, ¢, N’teli, Uganda, in Coll. Bethune-Baker.

Genera of the Family Liparide. 469

Genus Kancuta, Moore, Lep. Ceylon, ii. p. 92 (1883).

135. NKanchia subvitrea.

Leucoma subvitrea, Walker, xxxii. p. 344 (1865).

Kanchea subvitrea, Moore, l. c. p. 93, pl. exiii. fig. 5 (1883),

Type, Bengal, in B.M.; Khasia Hills, Nilgiris, Ceylon,

W. China,

Genus Hexaneura, Wallgrn. Wien. ent. Mon.

iv. p. 164 (1860).

136. Hexaneura cinnamomea.

Hevaneura cinnamomea, Wallgrn., 1. c.; Kirby, Cat. Moths, i. p. 453

(1892).

Caffraria.

137. Hexaneura maculifera.

Hexaneura maculifera, Wallgrn, J. c.; Kirby, 0. ¢.

Caffraria.

Genus Iveta, Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1903, p. 388.

138. Jvela auripes.

Leucoma auripes, Butler, Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hist. (4) xx. p. 402

(1877); Butler, Ill. Het. ii. p. 9, pl. xxiv. fig. 1 (1878).

Ivela auripes, Swinhoe, /. ¢.

Type, Japan, in B.M. ; Omeishan, W. China.

139. Ivela eleuterioides.

Cypra eleuterioides, Semper, Het. Philipp. iii. p. 476, pl. xiv. fig. 9,

(1898).

Types, ¢ ?, N.E. Luzon, in Coll. Semper.

Genus Sirvia, Walker, xxxii. p. 387 (1865).

Kettelia, Butler, Trans. Linn, Soc. {2) i. p. 560 (1879).

140. Sitvia denudata.

Sitvia denudata, Walker, J. c.

Ketteliu lowit, Butler, 1. e.

Type, Malacca, in Mus. Oxon. ; type, /owii, Borneo, in

B.M. Penang.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser.'9. Vol. x. 32

470 Colonel C. Swinhoe—A Revision of the

141. Sitvia keroli.

Kettelia karoli, Semper, /. ce. p. 475, pl. liv. fig. 10, 9 (1898).

Types, ¢ 2, N. Luzon and E. Mindanao, in Coll. Semper.

v. (4) p. 38 (1865).

142. Creagra dealbata.

Liparis dealbata, Herr.-Schaff. Ausser, Schmett. i. fig. 111 (1854).

Creagra dealbata, Wallgyrn. /. e.

Lela aliena, Wallgrn. Wien. ent. Mon. iv. p. 162 (1860).

S. Africa, Knysna.

143. Creagra translucida.

Leucoma translucida, Oberth. Ann, Mus. Genovy. iy. p. 117, pl. i. fig. 6

(1880).

Creagra translucida, Kirby, Cat. Moths, i. p. 461 (1892).

Abyssiuia.

144. Creagra macrocera.

Leucoma macrocera, Sharpe, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) v. p. 145

(1890).

Creagra macrocera, Kirby, l. e.

E. Africa.

145. Creagra (?) albina.

Leucoma albina, Plétz, Stett. ent. Zeit. xii. p- 84 (1880).

Creagra (?) albina, Kirby, Ce.

Bonjongo.

146. Creagra (?) parva.

Leucoma parva, Plotz, . e.

Creagra(?) parva, Kirby, /. e.

Aburi.

Genus Cattura, Moore, P. Z.8. 1879, p. 401.

147. Caltura alba,

Caltura alba, Moore, l. c.; Moore, Lep. Ceylon, ii. 98, pl. cxiv.

roe (1882), ’ ; » Lep. Veylon, a

Type, Ceylon, in Mus. Dublin.

Genera of the Family Lipavide. 471

Genus ARUTA, nov.

Hind tibize without spurs, hind wing with veins 6 and 7

on a long stalk, palpi minute (Section 11. Hampson’s ‘ Moths

of India,’ i. p. 493).

148. Aruta flavipes.

Cispia flavipes, Hampson’s Moths of India, i. p, 493 (1892).

Type, 2, Sikkim, in B.M.

Genus AXANA, nov.

Hind tibiz with one pair of spurs, hind wing with veins 6

and 7 from cell (Section ii. Hampson’s ‘Moths of India,’

1. p. 493).

149, Avxana puncticilia,

Nava puncticilia, Moore, P.Z.S. 1872, p. 575.

Cispia puncticilia, Hmpsu. Moths of India, i. p. 498 (1892).

Caltura puncticilia, Swinhoe, Cat. Het. Mus. Oxon. i. p. 204 (1892).

Types, ¢, Nilgiris, in Mus. Oxon. ; both types are males,

not male and female as stated by Moore,

Genus Naroma, Walker, vii. p. 1744 (1856).

Hysibada, Walker, xxxii. p. 497 (1865).

Zarfa, Walker, Proc. N. H. Soc, Glasg. i. p. 338 (1869).

150. Naroma signifera.

Naroma signifera, Walker, l. c.

Hysibada varipes, Walker, xxxii. p. 498 (1865).

Larfa lunifera, Walker, Proc. N. H. Soc. Glasy. i. p. 339.

Type, g, Sierra Leone ; type, varipes, 9, Natal; type,

2, lunifera: all in B.M. Congo, Accra, Old Calabar,

Uganda, Nigeria.

Genus Himata, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 57 (1879).

151. Himala argentea.

Redoa aryentea, Walker, iv. p. 827 (1855), ¢.

Himala aryentea, Moore, J. ¢.; Butler, Lil Het. v. p. 49, pl. Ixxxix,

tig. 6 (1881).

Dasychira ita, Moore, Cat. Lep. I. I. Co. ii, p. 341 (1859), 2.

Type, ¢, Kangra; type, 9, Darjiling: both in B.M.

Assam, Daihousi, Dehra Dhun,

32*

472 Colonel C. Swinhoe—A Revision of the

Genus Gazatina, Walker, xxxii. p. 398 (1865).

Oligoclona, Felder, Reise Novy. pl. xciv. tig. 10 (1868).

152. Gazalina apsara.

Dasychira apsara, Moore, Cat. Lep. E. I. Co. ii. p. 341 (1859).

Type, N. India, in B.M.

152a. Gazalina venosata.

Gazalina venosata, Walker, l. c., ¢ ; Butler, Ill. Het. B.M. v. p. 49,

pl. Ixxxix. fig. 5 (1881).

Oligoclona nervosa, Felder, J. c. pl. xev. fig. 8, 9 (1868).

Type, ¢, Sikkim, in B.M.; type, ?, nervosa, N. India,

jn Coll. Rothschild.

153. Gazalina chrysolopha.

Liparis chrysolopha, Kollar, Hugel’s Kash. iv. p. 470 (1844).

Dasychira antica, Walker, iv. p. 867 (1855).

Gazalina antica, Butler, Ill. Het. v. p. 49, pl. Ixxxix. fig. 4 (1881).

Oligoclona chordigera, Felder, Reise Nov. pl. xciv. fig. 10 (1868).

Type, Kashmir; type, antica, N. India, in b.M.; type,

chordigera, Darjiling, in Coll. Rothschild; Dalhousie,

Kangra, Sikkim, Washan, Chang-Yang, Kwei-chow.

154. Gazalina transversa.

Dasychira transversa, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 47, pl. ii. fig. 22 (1879).

Gazalina transversa, Hampson, Moths of India, i. p. 469 (1892).

Type, Sikkim, in B.M.

155. Gazalina intermizta.

Gazalina intermizta, Swinhoe, Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) vi. p. 306

(1900) ; Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1903, p. 389 (note).

Type, Jaintia Hills, in B.M.; Khasia Hills.

Genus Srracena, Swinhoe, J. c. p. 388.

156. Stracena fuscivena.

Stracena fusivena, Swinhvoe, l. c., 29; Swinhoe, /. ec. 1904, p.144, g.

Type, ¢ 2, River Niger, Sapele, in B.M.; Ashanti, Old

Calabar.

157. Stracena promelena.

Sulychra promelena, Holland, Ent. News Phil. iv. p. 61, pl. iii. fig. 11

(1893)

River Gaboon.

Genera of the Family Liparide. 473

Genus Sarexia, Swinhoe, J. c. p. 389.

158. Sapelia limpida.

Sapelia limpida, Swinhoe, 1. ¢.

Types, d 2, River Niger, Sapele, in B.M,

159. Sapelia flavipecius.

Sapelia flavipectus, Swinhoe, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xiv. p, 131

(1904).

Type, g, Ashanti; type, 9, Sapele, River Niger: both

in B.M.

Genus Oxapa, Walker, iv. p. 823 (1855).

Antiphelia, Walker, vii. p. 1743 (1856),

160. Olapa flabellaria.

Phalena flabellaria, Faby. Mant. Ins. ii. p. 188 (1787).

Liparis crocicollis, Herr.-Schaffer, Aussereur. Schmett, i. fig. 110

(1854).

Olapa temperata, Walker, iv. p. 828.

Antiphella vecontia, Druce, Ann. & Mag, Nat. Hist. (7) iii. p. 469

(1899).

Type, temperata, S, Africa, in B.M.; type, vecontia, u

coll. Joicey; Abyssinia, Knysna, Natal, Cape.

161. Olapa argenna.

Cypra argenna, Mab. Ann. Soc. Ent. France, lviii. p. 725 (1899).

Madagascar.

Genus Ocoa, Walker, vil. p. 1763 (1856),

162. Ogoa simplex.

Ogoa simplex, Walker, vii. 1764,

Type, Natal, in B.M.

Genus Cropera, Walker, iv. p. 825,

163. Cropera testacea,

Cropera testacea, Walker, iv, p. 826,

Type, Natal, in B.M.

164. Cropera adspersa.

Lipar’s adspersa, Uerr.-Schiffer, Anssereur. Schmett. fig. 109 (1854),

Lelia proliva, Wallgrn, Wien, ent, Mon. iv. p. 162 (1860).

Natal.

AT4 Colonel C. Swinhoe—A Revision of the

165. Cropera fulvinotata.

Olapa fulvinotata, Butler, P. Z, S. 1893, p. 678.

Type, Zomba, in B.M.

Genus Crorema, Walker, iv. p. 811 (1855).

166. Crorema mentiens.

Crorema mentiens, Walker, /. c.

Cispia (?) obliqua, Walker, vii. p. 1734 (1856).

Euproctis ampla, Walker, xxxii. p. 846 (1865).

Type, Congo ; types, obliqua and ampla, Sierra Leone, all

in B.M.; Old Calabar, S. Nigeria, Gold Coast.

Genus Torpomrsa, Walker, xxxv. p. 1921 (1866).

167. Topomesa subinans.

Topomesa subinans, Walker, 2. c.

Type, ¢, Java, in B.M.; Borneo, Singapore, Tenasserim.

168. Topomesa discolor.

Topomesa discolor, Hmpsn. Moths of India, iv. p. 490 (1896).

Type, g, Ceylon, in B.M.

169. Topomesa lerna.

Topomesa lerna, Swinhoe, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) iil. p, 111

(1899).

Type, Karwar, S. India, in B.M,

170. Topomesa (?) rutila.

Bombyx rutila, Faby. Mant. Ins. ii. p. 128 (1781).

Topomesa (?) rutila, Kirby, Cat. Moths, i. p. 919 (1892).

Siam,

Genus Cosanitta, Moore, Lep. Ceylon, il. p. 120 (1883).

171. Cobanilla marginata.

Cobanilla marginata, Moore, l. ce. p. 121, pl. exxiv. fig. 4.

Type, ¢, Ceylon, in B.M.

172. Cobanilla plumbacea.

Cobanilla plumbacea, Swinhoe, Fasciculi Mayalensis, i. p. 62 (1908).

Type, ¢, Bukit Besar, Namgchik, in Mus. Oxon.

Genera of the Family Liparide. 475

Genus Oticerta, Turner, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W.

xlv. (4) p. 12 (1920).

173. Oligeria hemicalla.

Orgyia hemicalla, Lower, Trans. Roy. Soc. 8S. Australia, xxix. p. 176

(1905).

Oligeria hemicalla, Turner, 1. c.

Type, Victoria, in coll. Lower ; Melbourne.

Genus Anepa, Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1903, p. 478.

Acyphas, Turner (nec Walker), 7. c. p. 481 (note).

Turner says Anepa must sink to Acyphas because Kirby

has fixed the type of Acyphas as fulviceps, Walker, but the

type of <dAecyphas fixed by Walker himself is viridescens,

which is a true: Orgyia=Dasychira (Orgyia having prece-

dence). It isa well-recognized fact that Walker’s type is the

first species described by him following the description of

his genus; Hampson and others have always followed this

ruling—it is absurd to suppose that anyone but the author

himself can fix his type.

Type, deyphas fusca, Walker.

174. Anepa fulviceps.

Charnidas fulviceps, Walker, iv. p. 797 (1855).

Acyphas fusca, Walker, iv. p. 798.

Type, ¢, Australia, in B.M.; Tasmania.

175. Anepa chionitis.

Euproctis chionitis, Turner, Trans, Roy. Soe. 8, Australia, p. 177 (1902).

Acyphas chionitis, Turner, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. xly. (4) p. 481

(1920).

Queensland, Stradbroke Isl., Adelaide, Waroona.

176. Anepa leucomelas.

Euproctis leucomelas, Walker, iv. p. 838 (1855),

Euproctis obsoleta, Walker (nec Fabr.), iv. p. 839.

Porthesia anacausta, Meyrick, Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Aust. xv. p. 193

(1891).

Porthesia hololeuca, Meyrick, 1. e.

Acyphas leucomelas, Turner, Proc. Linn. Soe. N.S.W. xlv. (4) p. 481

(1920).

Melbourne, Gisborne, Mt. St. Bernard, Tasmania.

177. Anepa amphideta.

Euproctis amphideta, Turner, Trans, Roy. Soc. 8. Aust. 1902, p. 177.

Acyphas amphideta, Turner, Trays. Linn, Soc. N.S.W. xly. (4) p. 482

(1920).

N. Queensland.

476 Colonel C. Swinhoe—A Revision of the

178. Anepa leptotypa.

Euproctis leptotypa, Turner, Trans. Ent. Soe. 1904, p. 475.

Acyphas leptotypa, Turner, Trans. Linn, Soc. N.S. W. xlv. (4) p. 481.

Townsville, N. Queensland.

Genus Hapropny.ta, Turner, /. c. p. 482.

179. Habrophylla eurygona.

Euproctis eurygona, Lower, Trans. Roy. Soc. 8. Aust. xxvi. p. 218

(1902).

Habrophylla eurygona, Turner, 1. c.

Type, Queensland, in coll. Lower.

Genus Arctornts, Germ. Gloss. Prodr. p. 18 (1810) ;

type, chrysorrhea, Linn.

Euproctis, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 193 (1818) ; type, awiflua,

Schiff.

Porthesia, Steph. Tl. Brit. Ent. Haust. ii. p. 66 (1829) ; type, chryssor-

rhea, Esper.

Chionophasma, Butler, Trans. Ent, Soc. 1886, p. 884; type, paradoxa,

Butler.

180. Arctornis chrysorrhea.

Phalena chrysorrhea, V.inn, Syst. Nat. x. (1) p. 502 (1758).

Phalena awiflua, Fabr, Mant. Ins. p. 125 (1787).

Phalena similis, Fuessly, Verz. Schiner’s Ins. p. 35 (1775).

Porthesia similis, Strand, Seitz’s Macrolep. ii. p. 134, pl. xxi, fig. 1 (1917).

Ab. Porthesia nyctea, Gr. Grsh. Hor. Ent. Ross. xxv. p. 464, ;

Ab. trimaculata, Strand, Seitz’s Macrolep. 11. p. 134 (1917).

Ab. guadrimaculata, Strand, Ll. ¢.

Arctornis chrysorrhea, Rothschild, Noy. Zool, xxiv. p. 355 (1917).

Balkans, Armenia, Altai, Amurland, Corea, Japan, China,

Italy.

181. Arctornis melania.

Porthesia melania, Strand, in Seitz’s Macrolep. ii. p. 1384 (1917).

Ab. melanioides, Strand, 1. ¢.

Mesopotamia, Kurdistan, Asia Minor.

182. Arctornis alba.

Aroa alba, Brem. Bull, Acad. Pet. iii. p. 478 (1861) ; Brem. Lep. Ost-

Seb. p. 41, pl. ili. fig. 18 (1864).

Redoa sinensis, Moore, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (4) xx. p. 92 (1877).

Leucorna alba, Leech, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1899, p. 143.

Ab. depunctata, Strand, in Seitz’s Macrolep. ii. p. 128 (1917).

Type, sinensis, Shanghai, in B.M.; Fusan.

a oe

—S

Genera of the Family Liparide. 477

183. Arctornis rebeli.

Porthesia rebeli, Haberh. Soc. Ent. xvii. p. 82; Strand, in Seitz’s

Macrolep, ii. p. 134 (1917).

Slivno.

184. Arctornis torasan.

Euproctis torasan, Wileman, Trans, Ent. Soc. 1911, p. 272.

Porthesia torasan, Strand, /. e. p. 185, pl. xxiii. a.

185. Arctornis tsingtaulca.

Porthesia tsingtaulca, Strand, 1. ¢. pl. xxiii. a.

Type, Tsingtau, in coll. Seitz.

186. Arctornis virguneula.

Euproctis virguncula, Walker, iv. p. 836 (1855). ;

Euproctis marginalis, Walker, vii. p. 173 (1856); Butler, Il]. Het. v.

p- 51, pl. Ixxxix. fig. 12 (1880).

Both types, N. India, in B.M.

187. Arctornis paradoxa.

Chionophasma paradoxa, Butler, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1886, p. 885, pl. ix.

ig.2, o.

Porthesia paradoxa, Turner, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. xli. (4) p. 478

(1920).

Porthesia panabra, Turner, Trans. Ent. Soc. 8. Austr. 1902, p. 176,

Type, Queensland, in B.M.; Boudin Isl., Damma Isl.

188. Arctornis galactopis.

Porthesia galactopis, Turner, 1. e.

Type, Queensland, in coll. Turner.

189. Arctornis euthysana,

Porthesia euthysana, Turner, l. c. p. 175.

Type, Queensland, in coll, Turner.

190. Arctornis melanosoma.

Porthesia melanosoma, Butler, Ann, & Mag, Nat. Hist. (5) ix. p. 87

1882),

Porthesia mixta, Butler, 7. c. p. 88,

Type, Melbourne ; type, mixta, Tasmania: both in B.M.

191. Arctornis fimbriata,

Teara fimbriata, Lucas, Proc, Linn, Soc. N.S.W, 1891, p. 286.

Porthesia fimbriata, Turner, 1. ¢. p. 176,

Type, Queensland, in col]. Lucas.

478 Colonel C. Swinhoe—A Revision of the

192. Arctornis aliena,

Porthesia aliena, Butler, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1886, p. 386.

Type, Peak Downs, in B.M.

193. Arctornis semiochrea.

Porthesia semiochrea, Werr.-Schaff. 1. e. fig. 390 (1855).

Leucoma semiochrea, Kirby, Cat. Moths, i. p. 445 (1892).

Australia.

194. Arctornis falkensteini.

Euproctis falkensteini, Dew. Verh. Leop. Car. Akad. xli. p. 69 (1881).

Lencoma fallkensteint, Wirby, l. e. p. 446.

Chinchow.

195. Arctornis nigrifrons.

Porthesia nigrifrons, Swinhoe, Trans, Ent. Soc. 1903, p. 393.

Type, Kikuyu, Africa, in B.M.

196. Arctornis producta.

Euproctis producta, Walker, P. Z. S. 1863, p. 168.

Porthesia depauperata, Mab. Comptes Rend. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxiii.

p. xvii (1830).

Type, Madagascar, in B.M.; Dar-es-Salam, E. Africa.

197. Arctornis putilla.

Euproctis putilla, Saalm, Lep. Madg. p. 184 (1884).

Leucoma putilla, Kirby, Cat. Mothis, i. p. 446 (1892).

Nossi- Bé.

198. Arctornis l-nigrum.

Bombyx l-nigrum, Miill. Faun. Fride, p. 40 (1764).

Bombyx c-nigrum, Fabr. Syst. Ent. p. 677 (1779).

Japan, Tokio, Sweden, Denmark, E. Europe, Armenia,

Amurland.

199. Arctornis acatharta.

Porthesia acatharta, Turner, Trans, Roy. Soe. 8. Austr. p. 124 (1896).

N. Australia, Port Darwin, Cairns.

200. Arctornis xuthoptera.

Porthesia xuthoptera, Turner, Proc. Linn, Soc. N.S.W. xlv. (4) p. 479

(1920).

Kuranda, near Cairns, Stannary Hills.

Genera of the Family Liparide. 479

201. Arctornis pulverea.

Porthesia pulverea, UWampson, Mon. Christmas Isl. p. 69, pl. ix. fig. 9

(1900).

Type in B.M.

202. Arctornis irrorata.

Euproctis irrorata, Moore, Cat. Lep. E. I. Co. ii, p. 847 (1859).

Type, ?, Java, in B.M.

203. Arctornis xanthorrhera.

Inparis xanthorrhawa, Kollar, Hugel’s Kasch. p. 470 (1844).

ELuproctis subdita, Moore, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 400.

Euproctis subnigra, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 48 (1879).

Type, subdita, Ceylon; type, subnigra, Khasia Hills : both

in B.M. Punjab, Sultanpore, Umballa, Kangra, Jawur

Hills, Travancore.

204. Arctornis flavonigra.

Euproctis flavonigra, Moore, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 400, pl. xxxii. fig. 11, ¢.

Type, Nepal, in B.M.; Solon, Simla, in my coll.

205. Arctornis fulvonigra.

Porthesia fulvonigra, Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1903, p. 395.

Types, d 2, Guadalcanar Is)., Solomons, in B.M.

206. Arctornis aurantiaca.

Porthesia aurantiaca, Hampson, Moths of India, i. p. 455 (1892).

Type, Sikkim, in B.M.

207. Arctornis stigmatifera.

Porthesia stigmatiferc, Hampson, Moths of India, iv., App. p.491 (1896).

Type, ?, Bhutan, in B.M.

208. Arctornis gracilior.

Porthesia gracilior, Pag. Jahrb. Miss. Ver, xxvix. p- 131 (1886).

Leucoma gracilior, Kirby, Cat. Mcths, i. p. 445, 130 2).

Aru,

209. Arctornis trispila.

Porthesia trispila, Turner, Proc, Linn. Sce. N.S.W. xly. (4) p. 479

(1920).

Kuranda.

480 Colonel C. Swinhoe—A Revision of the

210. Arctornis melambaphes.

Porthesia melambaphes, Turner, 1. c. p. 480.

Victoria, Ocean Grange, near Sale ; type in coll. Lyell.

211. Arctornis lutea.

Bombyx lutea, Fabr. Syst. Ent. p. 574 (1775).

Artaxra chrysophila, Walker, xxxii. p. 334 (1865).

Porthesia iobrota, Meyrick, Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Austr. 1891, p. 194.

Porthesia lutea, Swinhoe, Trans, Ent. Soc. 1903, p. 395 (note).

Type, 2, in Banksia Cabinet, B.M.; type, chrysophila,

Australia, in B.M.; Queensland, St. Aiguan, Louisiade Isls.,

N. Guinea.

Genus TopromesoipEs, Strand, in Seitz’s Macrolep.

ii. p. 133 (1912).

212. Topomesoides jonasi.

Aroa jonasi, Butler, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (4) xx. p. 402 (1877) ;

Butler, Ill. Het. ii. p. 10, pl. xxiii. fig. 11 (1878).

Topomesoides jonast, Strand, l. c. p. 134,

Ab. gigantea, Strand, l. ¢.

Type, gd, Japan, in B.M.

Genus Nyomi, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 193

(1818) ; type, pheorrhea, Don.

Vrocoma, Herr.-Schiff. Aussereur. Schmett. i. p. 82 (1855); type,

limbalis, Herr.-Schiff.

Lacipa, Walker, iv. p. 790 (1855) ; type, Liparis picta, Boisd.

Artazra, \Valker, iv. p. 798; type, guttata, Walker.

Antipha, Walker, iv. p. 806; type, costalis, Walker.

Dulichia, Walker, iv. p. 809; type, fasciata, Walker.

Lopera, Walker, iv. p. 919; type, squamosa, Walker.

Arua, Walker, v. p. 1176 (1855) ; type, apicalis, Walker.

Somena, Walker, vii. p. 1754 (1855) ; type, scintillans.

Utidava, Walker, xxvi. p. 1689 (1862); type, cxcomptaria, Walker.

Cozola, Walker, xxxii. p. 390 (1865); type, leucoxpila, Walker.

Adlullia, Walker, xxxii. p. 894; type, lunfera, Walker.

Themaca, Walker, xxxii. p. 395; type, comparata, Walker.

Orvasca, Walker, xxxii. p. 502; type, subnotata, Walker.

Bembina, Walker, xxxii. p. 505; type, apicalis, Walker.

Microgymna, Wallgrn. K. Vet.-Akad. Handl. (2) v. (6) p. 38 (1865) ;

type, Liparis picta, Boisd.

Gogana, Walker, xxxv. p. 1920 (1866); type, atrosquama, Walker.

Cherotricha, Felder, Reise Nov. pl. xeviil., Erk. p. 3 (1868); type,

conspersa, Felder.

Terphothriz, Holland, Psyche, vi. p. 474 (1893); type, Janaria,

Helland.

Genera of the Family Liparidee. 481

| 213. Nygmia pheorrhea,

Bombyx phaorrhwa, Don, Brit. Ins. x. pl. 555 (1801).

Var. /ransiens, Staud, Cat. Lep. Pal. Staud. & Rebel, p. 114 (190)).

Ab. punctigera, Trich, Corr, Nat. Ver. Riga, xli. p. 87.

Ab. punctella, Strand, in Seitz’s Macrolep. ii. p. 185 (1912).

Ab. nigrosignata, Banderman, Ent. Zeit. xx. p. 97.

Ab. flavescens, Rebel, Berge’s Schmitt-Buch. p, 116.

Ab. abdominata, Strand, in Seitz’s Macrolep. ii. p. 135 (1912).

Scandinavia, Livland, Mauretania, Asia Minor, Armenia,

Sarafshan District, Japan.

214. Nygmia straminea.

Euproctis straminea, Leech, Trans, Ent. Soc. 1899, p. 135; Strand,

l. c. pl. xxiii. a.

Type, ¢, Chia-how-ho ; type, 2, Omeishan, in B.M.

215. Nygmia niphonis.

Cherotricha niphonis, Butler, Trans, Ent. Soc. 1881, p. 9.

Cherotricha squamosa, Butler, @. e.

Porthesia raddei, Staud. Rom. sur Lep. iii. p. 207, pl. xvii. fig. 3 (1887).

Euproetis raddet, Stiand, /. c. pl. xxi. e, f, in Seitz’s Macrolep. ii.

Types, ¢ 2, Japan, in B.M.; Amur.

216. Nygmia coreana.

Euproctis coreana, Staud, Rom. sur Lep. vi. p. 311.

Corea.

217. Nygmia piperita.

Euproctis piperita, Oberth. Etud. d’Ent. v. p. 35.

Var. snellent, Staud. Rom. Mem, Lep. iii. p. 207,

Euproctis piperita, Strand, /. c. pl. xxi. e.

Amurland, Japan, S. and W. China.

218. Nygmia pulverea,

Artaxa pulverea, Leech, P. Z. S. 1888, p. 6235, pl. xxxi. fig. 5.

Types, ¢ 2, Satsuma, in B.M.; Nagasaki, Loo-Choo Isl.,

Gensan, Kia-ting-fu.

219. Nygmia conspersa.

Artaxa conspersa, Butler, Cist. Ent. iii. p. 117 (1882).

Euproctis conspersa, Strand, /. ¢. pl. xxi.f.

Ab. choka, Strand, /. ¢.

Types, ¢ ?, Japan, in B.M.

482 Colonel C. Swinhoe—A Revision of the

220. Nygmia staudingeri.

Cherotricha staudingert, ey P. Z. S. 1888, p. 624, pl. xxxi. fig. 6.

Euproctis staudingeri, Strand, l. c. pl. xxi.f,

Types, ¢ ¢, Japan, in B.M.

221. Nygmia latifascia.

Euproctis latifascia, Walker, iv. p. 831 (1855), 2; Strand, /. e. p. 137,

pl. xxi. ft

Euproctis antiea, Walker, iv. p. 835, 3.

Euproctis abdominalis, 9 P.Z.S. 1883, p. 398, ¢.

Ab. basiatra, Strand, /

Types, ¢ 2, latifascia and antica, Nepal; type, postica,

N. India; type, abdominalis, Kangra: all in B.M. Sikkim,

Bhutan.

222. Nygmia flavinata.

Artaxa flavinata, Walker, xxxii. p. 331 (1868).

Euproctis flavinata, Strand, /. c. pl. xxiii. a.

Type, Shanghai, in B.M.; Chusan, Ningpo, Sarawak,

Moulmein, Nilgiris, Ceylon.

223. Nygmia recurvata.

Euproctis recurvata, Leech, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1899, p, 188; Strand, /. ¢.

p. 188, pl. xxiii. ¢.

Type, g, Chang-Yang, in B.M.

224. Nygmia sulphurescens.

Artaxa sulphurescens, Moore, P. Z. 5. 1888, p. 399.

Euproctis sulphurescens, Strand, /. c. p. 137, pl. xxi. h.

Types, ¢ 9, Kangra, in B.M.; Subathu, Dharmsala,

Sultanpore, Sikkim.

225. Nygmia montis.

Artava montis, Leech, Entom. xxiii. p. 111 (1890).

Euproctis montis, Strand, /. c. pl. xxiii. a.

Type, ¢, Chang-Yang ; type, ¢, Chia-kow-ho: both in

B.M.

226. Nygmia lunata.

Euproctis lunata, Walker, iy. p. 837 (1855) ; Butler, Ill. Het. v. p. 50,

pl. Ixxxix. fig. 9 (1881) ; Strand, /. c. pl. xxi.g.

Types, 6 9, N. India, in B.M.; Kashmir, Subathu,

Kangra, Umballa, Poona, Madras.

Genera of the Family Liparide. 483

227. Nygmia cervina.

Artavu cervina, Moore, Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hist. (4) xx. p. 345 (1877).

Euproctis cervina, Strand, /. ¢, pl. xxiii. a.

Var. kushmirica, Strand, l. ¢.

Type, Ceylon, in B.M.; Koni, Shan States, Kashmir.

228. Nygmia vitellina.

Liparts vitellina, Kollar, Hiigel’s Kashmir, iv. p. 471 (1844).

Euproctis gamma, Walker, vii. p. 1731 (1856).

Artaxa princeps, Walker, xxvii. p. 351 (1865),

Themaca comparata, Walker, xxxii. p. 395.

Euproctis vitellina, Straud, l. c. pl. xxiii. a.

All Walker’s types, N. India, in B.M.; Sikkim, Simla,

Murree, Dalhousie, Dharmsala, Kangra, Sultanpore,

Kashmir.

229. Nygmia plana.

Euproctis plana, Walker, vii. p. 1731 (1856).

Cherotricha plana, Butler, I). Het. v. p. 51, pl. Ixxxix. fig. 13 (1881).

Euproctis diseinota, Moore, V. Z. S. 1877, p. 601.

Euproctis plana, Strand, l. ¢. pl. xxi.g.

Type, Darjiling; type, discinota, Andamans: both in B.M.

Burma, Khasia Hills.

230. Nygmia icilia.

Bombyx icilia, Stoll, Suppl. Cramer, p. 158, pl. xxxv. fig. 5 (1791).

Cherotricha decussata, Moore, Aun. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (4) xx. p. 347

(1877).

Euproctis tcilia, Strand, 2. c. pl. xxii. g.

Type, decussata, Ceylon, in B.M.; Bombay, Poona, Kar-

war, ‘lravancore, Malabar.

231. Nygmia numensa, nom. nov.

Pida albodentata, Moore, P. Z, 8, 1879, p. 401 (preoce.).

Type, 2, N.W. Himalayas, in B.M.; Burma.

232. Nygmia bipunctapex.

Somena bipunctapex, Umpsn. Il. Het. viii. p. 57, pl. cxl. fig. 13 (1891).

Euproctis bipunctapex, Strand, /. ¢. pl. xxi. h.

Type, Nilgiris, in B.M.; Kangra, Kashmir, Burma,

Khasia Hills, Singapore, China,

233. Nygmia varians.

Artaxa varians, Walker, iv. p. 796 (1855).

Artaxa pygmed, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 48 (1879) (preeoce.).

Artava pusilla, Moore, Lep. Ceylon, 1i. p. 86, pl. exii. tig. 4 (1883).

All types, in B.M., common in many parts of India,

Ceylon, aud China ; Formusa,

484 A Revision of the Genera of the Family Liparide.

234. Nygmia argentata.

Euproctis aryentata, Leech, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1899, p. 189; Strand,

l. c. pl. xxiii. d.

Type, ¢, Japan, in B.M.

235. Nygmia fasciata.

Dulichia fasciata, Walker, iv. p. 809 (1855).

Artaxa squamiplaga, Walker, Proc. Nat. Hist. Soc. Glasgow, i. p. 388

(1869).

Euproctis susanna, Staud. Iris, vii. p. 258, pl. ix. fig. 9 (1894) ; Strand,

i.e. pl. xxi. e.

Euproctis torrida, §, Distant, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) xx. p. 202

(1897).

Euproctis stellata, 2, Distant, 1. ¢.

Euproctis fasciata, var. ampla, Beth.-Baker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist.

(8) vii. p. 543 (1911).

Type, Sierra Leone ; type, squamiplaga: both in B.M.

Type, susanna, in Berlin Mus.; types, torrida and stellata,

in coll. Distant; type, ampla, near Dalla Tondo, in coll.

Beth.-Baker. Natal, Zululand, Old Calabar, Aden, Palestine.

236. Nygmia chinensis, nom. nov.

Enproctis unipuncta, Leech, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1899, p. 186 (praoce.) ;

Strand, /. c. p. 188, pl. xxiii. 6.

Types, ¢ 2, W. China, in B.M.

237. Nygmia digramma.

Bombyx digramma, Guérin, Icon. R. Anim. Ins. p. 508, pl. Ixxxvi.

fig. 4 (1830).

Artava unimacula, Moore, P. Z. 8. 1879, p. 399.

Type, unimacula, Khasia Hills, in B.M.; Nepal, Hongkong,

Bhutan, Shan States, Burma, Sumatra, Java, Ceylon.

238. Nygmia sastra.

Artaxa sastra, Moore, Cat. Lep. E. I. Co. ii. p. 851 (1859).

Type, ¢, Java, in B.M.

239. Nygmia incommoda.

Artaxa incommoda, Butler, Cist. Ent. iii. p. 11 (1882).

Type, ¢, Madagascar, in B.M.

240. Nygmia commutanda.

Euproctis commutanda, Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soe. 1903, p. 412.

Aroa immaculata, Butler, Aun. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) x. p. 227 (1882)

(praoce.).

Type, Duke of York Island, in B.M.

[To be continued. }

THE ANNALS

MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY;

[NINTH SERIES.)

No. 59. NOVEMBER 1922.

LI.—Notes on African Non-marine Mollusca, with

Descriptions of many new Species. By M. Connotry.

(Plate XIV.]

In the years just previous to 1914 an enormous amount of

material of the highest conchological importance was sent

home from Tropical Africa by Messrs. A. Blayney Percival,

Robin Kemp, and C. W. Woodhouse. Some of the results

of their labours were published by H. B. Preston in a series

of short papers on a wide range of genera, culminating in

two longer articles specializing the Streptaxide and Zonitidz

of that part of the Continent.

It is common knowledge that much further work was in

contemplation by the same author on the Stenogyride and

other families; descriptions and even figures of many new

species had been prepared and were ready for press, when

sundry world-wide disturbances delayed publication, which

it has hitherto been impossible to resume.

It has now been my good fortune to acquire from Mr.

Preston the whole collection of over 300 shells selected by

him as types of the unpublished species, and I propose to

deal with these and a few from other sources in the following

series of papers.

As early publication was expected, many paratypes were

distributed by Preston before the war and find place in

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. x, 33

486 Mr. M. Connolly on

public and private collections under manuscript names, more

than one of which has already appeared in print and one,

at least, in synonymy. I have, therefore, thought it advis-

able to retain, as far as possible, the names originally

suggested by Preston, but, with his full approval, in order

to avoid the clumsy system of joint or sponsored nomen-

clature, I accept all responsibility for authorship, while

tendering to Mr. Preston most grateful thanks for his

initiative and assistance.

One or two species, however, originally distributed by him

as new, have since, from various causes, proved to be invalid

and may escape notice altogether in these pages. If,

therefore, on the conclusion of my articles, any collector

finds himself in possession of a species bearing a manuscript

name bestowed by Preston and unmentioned by myself,

I will be glad to inform him as to the reason of its non-

publication if he will communicate with me ou the subject.

Except where otherwise specified, the types of all the new

species are at present in my collection.

The frequent allusions to Pilsbry’s arrangement refer,

for the most part, to that adopted by him in his “ Review of

the Land Mollusks of the Belgian Congo” (Bull. Amer.

Mus. N. H. xl. 1919).

Family Streptaxide.

Genus Taytoria, Bourguignat, 1889*.

Bourguignat founded this genus for two species, Zuniles

ventrosa, Gibbons, and Tayloria jouberti, Bgt. I cannot

find that the genotype has ever beeu fixed, and therefore

nominate 7. jouberti for that position. Bourguignat pro-

bably never saw ventrosa, for it was founded on a single

specimen, which appears to be lost, and I believe that no

others are known ; it is a very small shell, less than 44 mm.

in diameter, and may not belong to the genus.

On the other hand, 7. jouberti appears to be one of the

group of Zonitoid African Streptaxide, some of which are

well illustrated by Preston and are apparently closely

allied to the South American genus Artemon, Beck.

Artemonopsis, Germain, 1908 t, founded for a small West

African species, appears to be a synonym of Tayloria.

* Moll. de ’Afr. équat. p. 38.

+ P.Z.8. London, 1913, pl. xxxii. figs. 1-3.

{ Bull. Mus, Paris, xix. p. 124, and J. de C. Ivi. p. 98.

African Non-marine Mollusca. 487

The genus includes the following :—

Streptaxis (Artemonopsis) chevalieri, Germain, 1908.

a desiderata, marsabitensis, and urguessensis,

Preston, 1913.

Gonaxis helicoides, C. Boettger, 1913.

Rhytida hyalinoides, Thiele, 1911.

Tayloria iterata, von Martens, 1897.

» jouberti, Bourguignat, 1889.

Helix usambarica, Craven, 1880.

Zoniles ventrosa, Gibbons, 1877.

From examination of the radule of hyalinoides, usambarica,

and urguessensis, Thiele * considers that the genus has closer

affinity with the Paryphantide than with the Streptaxide.

Tayloria shimbiensis, sp. un.

Shell of fair size, depressedly turbinate, perforate, thin,

silky, semitransparent, olivaceous. Spire but little raised,

though each whorl is plainly visible in profile above the next;

apex obtuse. Whorls 5}, not very convex, regularly and

rather rapidly increasing, the last rounded at the periphery,

the first 1? microscopically, malleately punctate, remainder

sculptured above with very close, regular, raised, curved,

oblique, transverse striz, which almost disappear at the

periphery and are hardly visible on the polished base; suture

simple, well defined. Aperture sublunate, oblique, slightly

descending ; peristome uarrowly reflexed; columella very

weak ; umbilicus very broad and deep ; callus and dentition

none.

Diam. maj. 15°8, min. 14°3; alt. 9°3; apert., alt. 6:8,

lat. 7°2 mm.

Hab. Kenya, Shimbi Hills (Kemp).

This species appears to differ from helicoides in being

flatter and more strongly sculptured above, and from iterata,

marsabitensis and urguessensis in being considerably less

highly sculptured beneath, while chevalieri, desiderata aud

hyalinoides are described as smooth and glossy on the upper

as well as the under side of the shell; usambarica is au

altogether larger form.

* D. Zentr.Afr.-Exp. 1911, p. 187, and Arch. f. Molluskenkunde,

1921, p. 156.

33*

488 Mr. M. Connolly on

Genus Marconia, Bourguignat, 1889.

Marconia latula (Mts.), 1895.

Figs. 49 & 50 on Pl. XIV. illustrate two paratypes in the

British Museum, from Butumbi and Migere respectively ;

fig. 58 is that of a shell collected by Kemp near Lake

Mutanda, which Preston, perhaps rightly, considered a

distinct species and intended to name in accordance with

its eeg-like form. In view, however, of the great variation in

length and relative breadth which occurs in species of this

genus, T hesitate to regard it as other than an obese, rather

senile example of M. latula.

Marconia margarita (Preston), 1913.

A small series collected by A. O. Fisher near Fort Portal

appear inseparable, on conchological grounds, from this

species, of which a paratype is illustrated in fig. 51. They

vary in size from 13°3 x 7°5 to 15°8 x 9°5 mm., the two

largest being depicted in figs. 59 & 60.

Marconia margarita (Preston). Half of one row of radula, x 53,

It will be seen that there is practically no difference in

aspect between the shells of M. latula and M. margarita,

and I would have united them without hesitation, were it

not for the fact that the radula extracted by Colonel Peile

from more than one of the ort Portal series differs so con-

siderably from that of /atula, as described by Thiele, that, if

the shells are rightly identified and the radulz normal, they

cannot possibly be conspecific.

The animals from Fort Portal were yellowish green, and

imparted their hue to the water in which the shells were

soaked previous to their extraction. The radula, of which

Colonel Peile has kindly furnished the subjoined drawing

(see text-fig.), has a small median tooth ; the admedians are

African Non-marine Mollusca. 489

18 in number, increasing in size from 1 to 6, which is the

largest, and diminishing thence to 10; 10 to 16 subequal,

17 rather smaller than 16, 18 the smallest. Number of rows,

including nascent, 54.

Marconia elgonensis (Preston), 1913.

It has not been possible to examine the radule, but,

judging from the shells alone, this species appears to be

widely distributed to the north and east of L. Victoria

Nyanza, having been collected on Mt. Elgon ( Woodhouse),

the Uasin Gishu Plateau (Mrs. Barber), Malange, Mabira

Forest (Dummer), and the Darugu River Valley (//arries).

The animal resembles in colour that of M. margarita.

While varying little in form, this species shows enormous

variation in size, especially at a distance from the type-

locality, in the Darugu R. valley, where examples range

from 104 up to 15 mm. in length, while in the Cedar Forest

on the Uasin Gishu Plateau, on the eastern slope of Mt.

Elgon, the average length is rather smaller than that of the

type, being only 9 mm.

The gradual and regular range in size is sneer: in a series

from various districts in figs. 43 to 48 and 52 to 57 on

Pl. XIV., among which may also be observed a marked

difference in comparative width between examples from the

same locality, the lower sutures being noticeably more

oblique in the more slender shells.

Genus Prycnotrema, Morch, 1852.

Plychotrema jisheri, sp.n. (Pl. XIV. fig. 32.)

Shell comparatively large, cylindrical, rimate, rather solid

and silky, semitransparent, pale lacteous-olivaceous. Spire

produced, sides nearly parallel, apex hemispherical. Whorls

8, nearly flat, first 4 rapidly increasing, remainder nearly

equal, sculpture consisting of oblique transverse striz, ex-

tremely close and faint on the first 4 whorls, more distant

and much stronger, especially below the suture, on the

remainder ; suture shallow, subcrenulate. Aperture quad-

rate, narrowing at base; peristome continuous, white,

shining, broadly reflexed ; ‘dentition consisting of a strong

fold at the angle of paries and sinus, concave on its right

and entering as far as can be seen within the shell ; opposite

this is a single supra-palatal denticle, below which is a large

inrunning fold, corresponding to a deep external furrow

490 Mr. M. Connolly on

which extends nearly round to the columellar margin; a

more deep-set fold on the right of the base, corresponding

toa similar, but smaller, external furrow ; two small denticles

midway up the inner columeilar margin, which are dupli-

cated by two similar, but quite separate, denticles deep

within the shell, high up on the columella, while above the

latter, commencing slightly nearer the surface, is a narrow,

bat prominent, iurunning fold on the left of the paries.

Callus so thick as to make the peristome continuous ; rima

long, narrow, and shallow.

Long. 15°4, lat. 5°8; apert., alt. 2°8, lat. 2:0; last whorl,

7°O0 mm.

Hab. Ucanna, near Fort Portal (Fisher).

‘Type in Coll. Peile.

It seems extraordinary that this fine species has not been

discovered before in such a frequently explored neighbour-

hood, but I can find nothing very like it among species

hitherto described ; one of its most distinctive features is

the duplicated columellar dentition. I have much pleasure

in dedicating it to its finder, whose researches promise to

furnish results of great value.

Section PARENNEA, Pilsbry, 1919.

Ptychotrema ( Parennea) cedrorui, sp. 1.

(Pl. XIV. fig. 13.)

Shell minute, subovate, rimate, thin, subasperate, some-

what bleached in the type, but normally probably olivaceous.

Spire produced, sides slightly convex, apex rounded. Whorls

6, convex, gradually increasing, the first 2 smooth, remainder

sculptured with close, regular, well-defined, rather wavy,

vertical striz, which are far fainter and slightly oblique

on the third whorl; suture simple, deep. Aperture nearly

heart-shaped ; peristome slightly expanded, white, con-

tinuous; columella weak, rima deep; dentition consisting

of a deeply entering lamella on the right centre of the paries,

which is sinuate at that point, and a prominent inrunning

ridge-like fold in the centre, but not reaching the margin,

of the outer lip, corresponding to a deep external spiral

furrow extending halfway round the body-whorl.

Long. 2°8, lat. 1:5; last whorl 1°2 mm.

Hab. Kenya, Cedar Forest, Uasin Gishu Plateau, 8500 ft.

(Mrs. Barber).

Type in Albany Museum, Grahamstown.

African Non-marine Mollusca, 491

Obviously near akin to P. equatoriale, Pilsbry, from the

Ituri Forest, Belgian Congo. ‘The last-named, however, is

typically a larger form, 3°6 mm. in length, with apparently

more distant striz, while the palatal fold terminates in a

conspicuous denticle on the outer lip, a feature entirely

lacking in the new species, in which, moreover, the parietal

lamella is situated nearer the centre of the paries and none

of the dentition is of sufficient prominence to be noticeable

in the photographie figure.

Genus Guetta, Pfeiffer, 1856.

Gulella bitzeensis, sp. 0.

Shell se mpipiaeees large, rimate, elongate-oval, thin,

smooth, glossy, transparent, pale olivaceous. Spire pro-

duced, ‘sides slightly and regularly convex, apex rounded.

Whorls 5 5, flattish, regularly increasing, protoconch sparsely

microscopically malleate, and all but the apical whorl

sculptured with extremely faint, oblique, transverse strive ;

suture simple, shallow. Aperture nearly triangular, narrowly

rounded at base; peristome white, shining, broadly reflexed ;

columella long and straight, rima long and shallow; callus

faint ; dentition as follows :—a large lamella, incurved on

the right and hooked to the left, at the junction of paries

and outer lip (in the type there is no other parietal process,

but a mid-parietal denticle is present in the generality

of specimens) ; a large square tooth, showing slight trace of

bifidity, arising from a small external cavity, halfway down

the outer lip, with a small sharp denticle above, midway

between it and the paries; a minute mid-basal denticle and

two large, narrow, horizontal columellar teeth, the lower of

which enters deeply with a slight curve, the upper straight

and ouly shortly entering,

Long. 11°3, Jat. 62; apert., alt. 4°0, lat. 3°7 ; last whorl

6°83 mm.

This species forms one of a group with G. cavidens ( Mts.)

and acutidens (Bttg.), the three being distinguishable as

tollows :—

G. cavidens: the upper columellar denticle is very small

and situate on the extreme edge of the inner margin of the

columella; the lower columellar tooth or fold is rather

deeply entering from the edge inwards and slightly down.

wards, curved into a hollow on its upper side; the lower

tooth on the outer lip is nearly square; the shell examined

measures 13°0 x 66 mm,

492 Mr. M. Connolly on

G. acutidens: the upper columellar denticle is slightly

more removed from the margin, and the lower only enters

a very short distance and is acute, not hollow; the two

teeth on the outer lip are closer together than in cavidens

and the lower is acute, not square; the shell examined

measures 11°0 x 6°1 mm.

G. bitzeensis: the upper columellar denticle is more pro-

minent than in either of the foregoing, equally inset with

that of acutidens; the lower enters deeply but less downward

than in cavidens ; the teeth on the outer lip are as in cavidens.

Gulella cancellata, sp. un. (Pl. XIV. fig. 36.)

Shell of moderate size, perforate, cylindriform, semi-

transparent, glossy with a silky sheen, pale olivaceous.

Spire produced, sides parallel, apex flatly mamillate. Whorls

64, convex, first 3} rapidly increasing, last 3 almost equal ;

the first 2 whorls extremely faintly, closely, microscopically,

transversely striate, with very faint, fine, rather distant spiral

striz commencing towards the end of the 2nd whorl, where

there are about 8 visible, and continuing on the remainder,

cutting through the close, fine, curved, oblique transverse

striz which cover the last 34 whorls; suture simple, im-

pressed. Aperture quadrate; peristome white, shining,

reflexed; columella straight, rima pronounced ; callus white

and thick ; dental process five-fold; astong incurved lamella

at the junction of paries and outer lip; 2 well-defined teeth

on the outer lip, arising from one broad base which cor-

responds to a small external depression; a rather smaller

tooth, corresponding to a minute external depression, on the

centre of the base, these 4 teeth being nearly equidistant ;

and a strong sharp fold, with a downward slant, about two-

thirds way up the columella.

Long. 6°5, lat.3°0 ; apert., alt. 2°0, lat. 1:2; last whorl

3°5 mm.

Var. ex forma minor. (Pl. XIV. fig. 37.)

Resembles the type in all external features, but contains

only 5 whorls and is considerably smaller, measuring :

Long. 4°3, lat. 2°2; apert., alt. 1:2, lat. 0°9; last whorl

2°6 mm.

Hab. Kenya, Larogi Hills (Percival).

A beautiful species, noticeable for its criss-cross sculpture

and very regular dentition. G. lima (Preston), which has

—

African Non-marine Mollusca. 493

somewhat similar sculpture, has a double tooth on the

columella,

Gulella candela, sp.n. (PI. XIV. fig. 28.)

Shell very small, cylindrical, perforate, smooth, glossy,

nearly transparent, pale milky olivaceous. Spire produced,

sides parallel, apex mamillate. Whorls 6, first 2 rapidly

increasing, remainder nearly equal ; the sculpture, which is

hardly visible under a microscope except on the last 3 whorls,

consists of faint, rather close, slightly curved and oblique,

transverse striz, strongest just below the suture, which is

simple and rather shallow, though well defined. Aperture

subquadrate ; peristome white, shining, reflexed; columella

straight, rima deep; callus pronounced; dental process

four-fold :—a prominent inrunning lamella at the junction

of paries and outer lip ; a very large triangular tooth on the

outer lip, corresponding to a deep external cavity with 4 or 5

strong puckers behind it ; a small tubercle to the left of the

base and a broad blunt fold deep-set on the columella.

Long. 4°3, lat. 1-4; last whorl 1:9 mm.

Hab. Kenya, Taru Desert (Percival).

Var. ex forma minor.

Similar to type, but containing only 54 whorls and con-

siderably smaller, measuring : long. 3:3, lat. 1:2 ; last whorl

15mm. _ It occurs in the same district, but has not yet been

found in company with the type.

This little species resembles in shape and size G. gwen-

doline and G. foveolata (Preston). In gwendoline, however,

there is a double columellar tooth and 2 clear teeth on the

outer lip, while in foveolata there are 2 basal denticles, and

the tooth on the outer lip has an upper cusp, with which the

parietal plait interlocks.

Gulella pisa, sp.n. (Pl. XIV. fig. 21.)

Shell very smail, elongate, imperforate, rather solid, semi-

transparent, pale milky olivaceous. Spire produced, very

slightly inclined to the right, apex rounded. Whorls 6,

nearly flat, regularly and very slowly increasing, the first

smooth, remainder sculptured with close, strong, straight,

regular, vertical rib-strie, fainter and closer on the 2nd

than on the succeeding whorls ; suture simple, rather deeply

494 Mr. M. Connolly on

impressed, increasing in obliqueness with each whorl.

Aperture irregular, peristome thickened, slightly reflexed at

the base and more so on the columella, but not forming a

rima; outer lip strongly curved outward and forward below

the suture, and then considerably incurved before descending

almost vertically to the base; dental process three-fold :—

a broadly rounded, rather deep-set protuberance high on the

columella; a small, sharp mid-parietal plait and a broad,

bluntly pointed swelling, corresponding to a deep external

depression, on the inward curve of the outer lip ; there is

a slight callus. .

Long. 3°4, lat. 0°9; apert., alt. 1:0, lat. circa 0°4; last

whorl 1°5 mm.

Hab. Kenya, Eusso Nyiro (Kemp).

A beautiful little species with the form of a Raffraya, but

the dentition of a Gu/ella. It was distributed by Preston

und:y a Latin name recalling its resemblance to a column,

which is too near that of other species to be retainable. It

differs from the figure of G. filicosta (Morelet) in its parietal

plait pointing downwards to the right instead of to the left,

and its columellar fold being deep-set at the upper angle of

the columella, whereas in filicosta it is situate halfway up

near the margin.

Gulella impedita, sp. n. (Pl. XIV. fig. 33.)

Shell very small, acuminate-ovate, rimate, thin, silky, pale

olivaceous. Spire moderately produced, sides convex, with

the greatest papa aa oa at the 6th whorl, apex bluntly

rounded. Whorls 7 , rather convex, very slowly i increasing,

the first 23 ard remainder sculptured with regular,

rather close, slightly oblique lire, curved on the 3rd and

sinuous on the later whorls, very slightly more distant on

each succeeding whorl, about 23 being visible from the front

of the 6th; suture simple, impressed. Aperture subreni-

form ; peristome reflexed, white, continuous, slightly angulate

at the meeting of paries and columellar margin; columella

concave, rima deep; dentition consisting of an incurved

lamella on the right centre of the paries, which merges from

that point into the sinus ; ; a triangular tooth, pointed at its

upper extremity, corresponding to a deep and lengthy

external depression, at the base of the sinus; and a broad

fold, ridged and bluntly pointed, too deep-set on the

columella for its full details to be perceptible; the basal

tooth is represented by an inconspicuous inrunning ridge,

African Non-marine Mollusca, 495

corresponding to a pronounced external crease, on the left of

the base.

Long. 3°1, lat. 1°8; apert., alt. 0°8, lat. 0°6; last whorl

15 mm.

Hab. Kenya, Kekumega (Percival).

A rather ordinary little species of the strongly sculptured

group with conical apex, but differing in its small round

aperture and dental process from any of its fellows.

Gulella calva, sp.n. (Pl. XIV. fig. 35.)

Shell small, rimate, shuttle-shaped, thin, asperate, bleached

in the type, but normally semitransparent and pale olivaceous.

Spire produced, the four apical whorls and the base conical,

forming nearly equal triangles, intermediate whorls almost

parallel, apex mamillate. Whorls 8, very convex, almost

equal in vertical measurement, the first 5 increasing rapidly

and remainder equal in diameter; the first 3 smooth,

remainder covered with strong, regular, nearly straight,

vertical costz, further apart on the 5th and 6th whorls,

about 12 being visible from the front on the 6th, and 16 on

the 7th; suture simple, very deep. Aperture triangular,

rather narrowly rounded at base; peristome expanded,

columella straight, slightly imclined to the left, rima long

and deep; callus none; dentition consisting of a rather

deep-set, bluntly pointed columellar fold ; aslightly incurved

lamella at the angle of paries and sinus; a rather large,

triaugular, pointed tooth on the outer lip, corresponding to

a single exterior depression aud bearing an inconspicuous

cusp rather nearer the surface on its upper slope ; and a very

small, more deeply set denticle below the large tooth, on the

right extremity of the base.

Long. 4°5, lat. 2°1; apert., alt. 1:2, lat. 1°1; last whorl

1-9 mm.

Hab. Kenya, Taru Desert (Percival).

Gulella filiz, sp.n. (PI. XIV. fig. 12.)

Shell minute, ovate, rimate, asperate, pale olivaceous.

Spire produced, sides slightly convex, apex bluntly rounded.

Whorls 7, extremely convex, the first 2, which form the

protoconch, smooth and rather disproportionately large,

remainder increasing very gradually in size, sculptured with

very strong, regular, rather curved, nearly vertical cost,

much closer on the 3rd than on the later whorls, there being

496 Mr. M. Connolly on

about 11 visible on the front of the 6th whorl; suture

simple, deeply incised. Aperture irregularly three-sided ;

peristome expanded, the ends joined by a thick callus ;

columella concave, rima small; dentition consisting of a

moderate-sized lamella at the junction of paries and sinus ;

a rather large, pointed, triangular tooth on the outer lip

with a small cusp or projection on its upper slope, and a

broad, flat, extremely deep-set fold on the columella.

Long. 2:7, lat. 1°3; last whorl 1-2 mm.

Hab. Kenya, Cedar Forest on Uasin Gishu Plateau,

8500 ft. (Mrs. Barber).

A minute species, whose convex whorls rather resemble

the fronds of a fern.

The type is in the Albany Museum, Grahamstown.

Gulella prestoni, nom. nov.

1910. Ennea delicatula, Preston, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) vi. p. 528.

As Pfeiffer bestowed the name delicatula on a South

African shell in 1857, Preston’s species must be renamed,

and I have much pleasure in dedicating it to its author.

Both species appear to belong to the genus Gulella, s.s.

Gulella disseminata (Preston), 1913.

1913. Ennea disseminata, Prest. P. Z. 8S. p. 202.

1913. Ennea ingexiensis, Prest. ibid. p. 204.

1913. Ennea burungaensis, Prest. ibid. p. 206.

I have not been able to inspect the types, but several

paratypes of the three species above quoted have been

available for examination and I have no hesitation in uniting

them. The appropriate name disseminata takes precedence,

and the other two do not seem to me worthy of even

varietal rank,

Gulella disseminata kekumegaensis, subsp. n.

(Pl. XIV. fig. 14.)

Differs from the typical form through greater comparative

width in proportion to its height and in its sculpture, which

is almost non-existent on the face of tbe whorls, but

peculiarly strong in the crenulate sutures. The shell con-

tains 6 whorls and measures: long. 3°8, lat. 1:7; apert.,

alt. 1*1, lat. O°9 ; last whorl 2:2 mm.

Hab. Kenya, Kekumega (Percival).

The locality, north-east of L. Victoria Nyanza, is rather

African Non-marine Mollusca. 497

remote from that of disseminata in the extreme south-west

of Uganda, and larger series may ultimately prove the two

forms to be specifically distinct.

Pupilla fontana (Krauss) and Ennea iredalei, Preston.

E. iredalei, of which I have examined paratypes, appears

to have been founded on a large bleached example of

P. fontana. It represents almost the largest form of the

latter, and may be attributable to one of the so-called

‘“‘species”’ evolved therefrom by Bourguignat; however,

nearly every variation of size and dentition may be met with

together in some parts of South Africa, and I agree with

Pilsbry (Manual, 1921) in placing all the North and South

African forms of the fontana group under one name.

A smaller example of this species was collected by Percival

between the Laikipia Plateau and Eusso Nyiro.

Section PavciDENTINA, von Martens.

Gulella (Paucidentina) dupuisi, sp.n. (Pl. XIV. fig. 39.)

Shell of fair size, cylindric-ovate, rimate, thin, smooth,

glossy, transparent, pale olivaceous. Spire produced, 4

apical whorls convexly conic, remainder nearly parallel, apex

rounded, Whorls7, rather convex, slowly increasing, smooth

except for extremely faint transverse striz, which are only

visible with a strong lens just below the suture of the later

whorls, where they form a faint beading, and for a short

distance bebind the outer lip; suture filiform, not crenulate.

Aperture triangular, with equal sides and rounded angles ;

peristome white, very slightly thickened and expanded,

outer lip clearly angulate in profile, in contrast with the

nearly straight striation; columellar margin strongly inclined

to the left; rima deep; callus none ; dentition consisting

of a short sharp denticle on the right centre of the paries;

a smaller one, without any external depression, at the angle

of the outer lip ; and a broad flat plate, extending from the

left of the base along two-thirds of the inner columellar

margin, with a small swelling or tubercle at each end.

Long. 8°0, lat. 3°9 ; apert., alt. 2°2, lat. 1:8; last whorl

3°77 mm.

Hab. Breictan Conoco, Nsendwe (Dupuis).

A considerable series of this species shows very little

variation; the length ranges from 8°5 down to 71 mm. and

the dentition is practically constant except in one example,

498 Mr. M. Connolly on

in which there is a small extra tubercle just above the tooth

on the outer lip. G. dupuisi bears close resemblance to

G. monodon (Morelet) (=conica, Mts.) and G. monodon

zariaensis (Preston), but these have no dental process on

the columella and a small tubercle, rather than a tooth, on

the inflexion of the outer lip. G. polloneriana, Pilsbry, and

the other members of its group ditter clearly by the presence

of an angular parietal lamella aud more pronounced colu-

mellar dentition.

I have much pleasure in dedicating the new species to its

finder, Major Paul Dupuis, the pioneer of our recently

extended knowledge of Congo mollusca. The type is in his

collection.

Section PuPIguLELLa, Pilsbry, 1919.

Gulella (Pupigulella) pupa (Vhiele) and

Gulella ( Pupigulella) pupa ituriensis, Pilsbry.

A new and unexpected locality for both the above is

Camerun, Bitze ( Bates).

Of two shells from Bitze now before me, the smaller

seems to agree with Thiele’s figure of G.pupain all respects

except the aperture, which is less oblique, and in its rather

smaller dimensions, 4°8 x 2°6 mm. with half a whorl less than

the figured example from Butumbi, Belgian Congo.

I am quite unable to separate the larger shell from Bitze

from Pilsbry’s description and figure of his subspecies

ituriensis ; it agrees in length, 54 mm., and number of

whorls with the quoted dimensions of a specimen from

Medje.

My two shells differ noticeably in sculpture, which may

be described as ordinary and regular, though closer on the

last than on the penultimate whorl, in the typical form,

while in ituriensis it is coarser and more oblique on the 3rd

and 4th, and almost obsolete on the front of the last whorl,

except for showing very strongly near the crenulate suture.

If my identification of the two forms is correct, and the

difference in sculpture is constant, it should be quite

sufficient to establish them as distinct species.

Section PLicIGULELLA, Pilsbry, 1919.

Gulella ( Plicigulella) sambourouensis (Dautzenberg), 1908.

This name has been somewhat overlooked by British

authorities, examples attributable to it having been usually

African Non-marine Mollusca. 499

distributed as vicina, Smith. The two species are very near

akin, but their localities are very distant, and, as the two

names are in existence, it may be advisable to maintain

vicina for the Nyasaland race and samdourouensis for that

which inhabits Kenya Colony,

The striation of vicina is extremely fine and close, almost

smooth, and the dentition consists of a minute mid-parietal

denticle ; a strong lamella, slightly hollowed on its right,

at the angle of paries and outer lip ; three very irregular

teeth on the outer lip, arising from a broad flat base

corresponding to a single exterior cavity ; three close

basal denticles, nearly equal in size, of which the two on

the right are sometimes more deep-set and sometimes about

level with that on the left; and a conspicuous three- pronged

columellar fold,

It hails from Nyasatanp, Mt. Chiradzulu; Zomba

(Johnston).

In G. sambourouensis the striation is infinitesimally

stronger and the sides of tie spire more inclined to con-

vexity. The parietal lamella has a tendency to incurvation

on its left ; the two right-hand basal denticles are, typically,

considerably more deep-set than that on the left, and there is

usually a most minute additional tubercle on the columella,

just below the three-pronged fold, which I have been unable

to find in any specimen of vicina from Nyasaland.

Hab. Kenya, Sambourou (Alluaud), Voi (Leather),

Laikipia Plateau (Aemp).

Gulella (Plicigulella) Salutationis, sp. n.

(Pl. XIV. fig. 38.)

Differs from G. vicina in its smaller size and comparatively

more slender form ; its sculpture, moreover, is far fainter,

being eutirely non- existent save for a few faint, irregular,

curved, oblique growth-lines. The dentition of the only two

specimens collected is as described above for vicina ; there

is no sign of the small tubercle below the triple columellar

fold. The shell contains 54 whorls and measures: long. 5°],

lat. 14; apert., alt. 1°7, lat. O°9 ; last whorl 3°2 mm.

Hab. Tancanyika, Dar-es-salaam (Connolly).

This may eventually prove to be but a subspecies when

further series are collected, but its locality is rather remote,

and it differs far more from either sambourouensis or vicina

than they do from each other.

500 Mr. M. Connolly on

Gulella (Plicigulella) perlata, sp. un. (Pl. XIV. fig. 34.)

Shell very small, rounded-ovate, rimate, thin, glossy,

translucent, milky olivaceous. Spire rather short, sides

slightly convex at the 4th whorl, apex bluntly rounded.

Whorls 5, rather flat, the 2 apical faintly microscopically

malleate, remainder gradually increasing, sculptured with

fine, fairly close and regular, nearly straight, moderately

oblique transverse striz, almost obsolete on the front of the

body-whorl except in- the suture, which is crenulate and

shallow, but well defined. Aperture irregular ; peristome

white, shining, reflexed; columella concave, rima pronounced;

dentition most complicated, consisting of a large, incurved,

somewhat oblique lamella at the junction of paries and

outer lip; a sharp, well-defined, mid-parietal denticle; a

large tooth, corresponding to a single deep external cavity,

arising just below the small sinus and occupying almost the

whole length of the outer lip, with 4 distinct cusps, 2 on

the upper slope opposite the parietal lamella and 2, less

prominent, at each extremity of the broad projection to

the left; just below this, deeply inset, are 2 smaller denticles,

the left and lower of which occupies the centre of the base ;

on the left of the base and nearer the surface is a larger

denticle, and above this a deep-set, but prominent, three-

fold columeliar plait.

Long. 3°7, lat. 2°2 ; apert., alt. 1:2, lat. 1:0; last whorl

2°72 mm,

Hab. Kenya, Kekumega (Percival).

A beautiful little species, resembling G. woodhousei

(Preston) in dentition, but easily recognisable by its shorter

broader form.

Section MoLARELLA, nov.

As Pilsbry has created the section Plicigulella for species

bearing a three-pronged fold on the columella, it may be

convenient to apply the name Molarella to the group in

which the principal columella process is twofold, usually

resembling a prominent, two-cusped, molar tooth, though in

individual specimens the cusps may not develop, and in

certain species the molar may be divided into the appearance

of two single teeth.

The group is easily distinguishable, and contains the

following species examined by me: G. consanguinea (type),

curvilamella and uyandensis (Smith), usambarica (Craven),

co iosa, optata, lima, funerea, and gwendoline (Preston).

African Non-marine Mollusca. 501

Judging from the figures, it should also include G, brevis

(Thiele) and carea, iridescens, and malasangiensis (Preston),

while G. caroli (Kob.) is described as possessing a double

tooth on the upper portion of the columella, although there

is no sign of this feature in the figure of the shell.

Gulella (Molarella) gwendoline scissidens, subsp. n.

(Pl. XIV. fig. 27.)

The typical form of G. gwendoline contains about 6 whorls,

is perfectly smooth, with simple, shallow suture, and measures

from 5 to 54 by 14 mm. The dentition consists of an

angular parietal lamella ; 2 separate, nearly equal, single

teeth on the outer lip, corresponding to a single external

cavity ; a mid-basal denticle, and a large molar tooth, with

two well-defined cusps, on the columella, It is known from

the Shimbi Hills and Gazi, Kenya Colony.

G. gwendoline scissidens also contains 54 whorls, but is

somewhat smaller than type; it is similar in sculpture,

suture, parietal lamella, and mid-basal denticle, but differs

very noticeably in the columellar molar, which is split to its

base, while on the outer lip is a large pointed upper tooth,

bearing a minute second cusp on its upper surface, and a

smaller, more deep-set lower tooth at the right extremity of

the base.

Long. 4°1, lat. 1°6; last whorl 2-0 mm.

Hab. Tancanyixa, Dar-es-salaam (Connolly).

The single example taken differs so considerably from

typical gwendoline, both in size and dentition, that it will be

fully entitled to rank as a distinct species if the variation

proves to be constant. The localities, however, are not very

remote, and I should not be surprised if further search along

the coast were to produce intermediates, linking the two

forms.

Genus Srreprosrete, Dohrn, 1866.

In 1919 Pilsbry gave a list of 36 species known to him as

belonging to the genus Streptostele. In addition to these,

I have satisfied myself, from examination of the shells them-

selves or the literature concerning them, that the following

species, hitherto attributed to other genera, should be placed

in that genus :—

Opeas terebra and vicina, Preston.

O. lenta and venusta, Smith.

O. bawriense, Pilsbry (= Stenogyra lucida, Gibbons).

O, vieirai, Nobre.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9, Vol. x. b+

502 Mr. M. Connolly on

Subgenus Rarrraya, Bourguignat, 1885.

Opeas bocagei, Nobre.

Ennea taylori, Gibbons.

Section STREPTOSTFLF, s. s.

Streptustele signata, sp.u. (Pl. XIV. fig. 1.)

Shell of fair size, elongate-turriform, subrimate, thin,

silky, transparent, pale olivaceous. Spire produced, sides

almost regular, apex rounded. Whorls 9, not very convex,

regularly increasing, sculptured with close, regular, slightly

curved and oblique transverse strize, which commence very

faintly near the end of the second and are stronger,

especially in and for some distance below the sutures, on the

later whorls; suture little oblique, subcrenulate, well defined.

Aperture ovate, peristome almost imperceptibly thickened ;

outer lip almost straight in profile for + mm., and then

receding considerably to the base ; columella rather short,

slightly inclined inwards, margin very narrowly triangularly

reflexed, forming a minute rima; callus thin, transparent,

hardly perceptible ; dentition none.

Long. 11°7, lat. 3°6; apert., alt. 3°0, lat. 1:5; last whorl

o°3 mm,

Hab. Camurrvn, Bitze (Bates).

A rather variable species in both length and diameter of

whorl, the type being of intermediate proportions. It is

rather closely allied to S. duchholzi, Mts., from Buea, but

the latter appears to be a larger form.

Streptostele urguessensis, sp. n. (PI. XIV. fig. 2.)

Shell comparatively large, lanceolate, imperforate, trans-

parent, silky, pale olivaceous. Spire much produced, sides

almost straight, apex acute. Whorls 11, moderately convex,

very gradually increasing, first 2 sparsely microscopically

punctate, remainder covered with strong, close, regular,

almost straight, nearly vertical striae, weaker on the third

and coarser on the penultimate than on the other whorls ;

suture well defined, moderately oblique. Aperture sub-

piriform, peristome thickened and extremely narrowly

reflexed ; outer lip only very slightly angulate forward ;

columella short, a little concave, with a very small angular

twist at its upper extremity; callus pronounced ; dentition

none.

Long. 13°5, lat. 3°2; apert., alt. 2:5, lat. 1:3; last whorl

4°3 mm. gi

Hab. Kenya, Urguess (Percival).

African Non-marine Mollusca. 503

Streptostele fallooni, sp. un. (PI. XIV. fig. 3.)

Shell of moderate size, subfusiform, rimate, thin, silky,

translucent, pale milky olivaceous. Spire produced, sides

conic until the 6th whorl, thence almost parallel to the base ;

apex acute. Whorls 9, rather flat, the first 4 increasing

very slowly in length and breadth, the next two much more

rapidly, thus imparting to the spire its irregular appearance,

the last 3 about equal in size; the first 24 microscopically

punctately malleate, remainder sculptured with extremely

faint, close, regular, nearly straight, slightly oblique, trans-

verse striz, which are chiefly visible in the sutures and

become further apart on each succeeding whorl ; suture

nearly horizontal, crenulate, well defined. Aperture sub-

rhombic, flattened at base; peristome thickened, infinitesi-

mally reflexed ; outer lip hardly curved outward, sharply

angulate forward in profile and then receding to the base ;

eolumella nearly straight and vertical, margin thickened

and reflexed, so as to form a clear rima; callus very

pronounced, with a small, inset, mid-parietal tubercle or

fold, which recedes about *5 mm. within the shell.

Long. 8:1, lat. 2°5; apert., alt. 2°1, lat. 1:2; last whorl

35 mm,

Hab. Kenya, Near Nairobi (Rev. W. M. Falloon), Mau

Escarpment (Doherty).

A remarkable shell, entirely distinct in its combination of

shape and dentition from others of the genus.

Streptostele kenyana, sp. n. (PI. XIV. fig. 4.)

Shell comparatively large, acicular, rimate, thin, smooth,

rather glossy, somewhat bleached in the type, but normally

nearly transparent and pale olivaceous. Spire produced,

sides nearly regular, apex acute. Whorls 9, almost flat,

regularly increasing, the first 3 densely, but most faintly,

microscopically punctate, remainder sculptured with very

close and faint, nearly straight and vertical strive, strongest

just below the suture, which is ouly moderately oblique,

simple and shallow. Aperture acuminate-ovate, rounded at

base; peristome thickened, very slightly reflexed; outer lip

a little curved outward, slightly angulate forward in profile

and then receding equally slightly to the base ; columella

concave, margin thickened and triangularly reflexed, forming

a small rima; callus and dentition none.

Long. 10°4, lat. 2°9; apert., alt. 2°0, lat. 1:2; last whorl

4°0 mm,

> 34*

504 Mr. M. Connolly on

Hab. Kenya, Mt. Kenya, 6000-8000 feet (Kemp).

Distinguishable from any of its nearest allies by its flatter

whorls and finer, fainter, regular sculpture.

Streptostele oribates, sp.n. (Pl. XIV. fig. 8.)

Shell comparatively large, elongate-turriform, subrimate,

thin, silky, nearly transparent, pale olivaceous. Spire pro-

duced, sides slightly convex at 7th whorl, apex acute.

Whorls 94, flattish, regula:ly increasing, the first 24 very

densely microscopically punctate, the next very faintly trans-

versely striate, remainder sculptured with clear, fine, close,

regular, slightly curved, vertical striz; suture crenulate,

nearly horizontal. Aperture irregularly subovate, peristome

slightly thickened, with trace of expansion at the rounded

base; outer lip hardly curved outward, scarcely advancing

in profile and then receding slightly to the base; columella

slightly concave, margin thickened so as to produce a minute

rima; callus and dentition none.

Long. 12:2, lat. 3°5; apert., alt. 2°8, lat. 1:8; last whorl

4°7 mm.

Hab. Kenya, between the Igembi Hills and Nyeri

(Kemp).

Probably adult and, as shown by the measurements, a

more obese form than most of the genus.

Streptostele elongata, sp.u. (Pl. X1V. fig. 10.)

Shell comparatively large, subrimate, much elcngate-

fusiform, solidified and semibleached in the type, but

normally thin, nearly transpareut, pale olivaceous. Spire

produced, the first 8 whorls gradually tapering, thence

almost parallel to the base ; apex acute. Whorls 10, rather

flat, very gradually increasing, the first 2 faintly micro--

scopically malleate, remainder sculptured with very fine and

close, regular, almost straight, very slightly oblique, trans-

verse striz, which are very faint on the 3rd, less so on

the 4th, and stronger on the later whorls; suture bat

little oblique, simple. Aperture ovate, peristome slightly

thickened, with very slight basal expansion; outer lip curved

outward, vertical in profile for nearly 1 mm., then receding

noticeably to the base; columella straight and _ erect,

triangularly thickened with slight, almost adnate, reflexion,

giving the appearance of a minute rima; callus thick ;

dentition none.

African Non-marine Mollusca. 505

Long. 13:0, lat. 3°0; apert., alt. 3°0, lat. 1:6; last whorl

5°2 un.

Hab, Kenya, Mt. Kenangop, Aberdare Range (Kemp).

The fine striation is slightly more oblique and the shell

slightly more slender than that of S. oribates, its nearest

ally ; the whorls also increase slightly more gradually.

Streptostele validior, sp. n. (PI. XIV. fig. 11.)

Shell of fair size, lanceolate, subrimate, comparatively

solid, silky, translucent, pale olivaceous. Spire produced,

sides almost regular, apex acute. Whorls 104, convex,

extremely gradually increasing, first 2 smooth, remainder

sculptured with close, regular, straight, vertical rib-striz,

extremely faint on the 3rd, but well marked and equal on

the later whorls; suture nearly horizontal, scarcely crenulate,

well defined. Aperture subrhombic, broadly rounded at

base; peristome thickened, extremely slightly reflexed;

outer lip curved outward just below the suture, advancing

very slightly in profile and then receding nearly as slightly

to the base; columella short, erect, margin triangularly

thickened and reflexed, nearly concealing the rimation ;

callus rather faint; dentition none.

Long. 10°5, lat. 2°7; apert., alt. 1°8, lat. 1:3; last whorl

32 mm.

Hab. Ucanna, Mt. Elgon (Woodhouse).

A very distinct species, remarkable for its convex whorls

and short wide aperture.

Streptostele sinuilabiata, sp. u. (Pl. XIV. fig. 15.)

Shell of fair size, elongate-turriform, subrimate, rather

thin, silky, nearly transparent, milky olivaceous. Spire

produced, sides very slightly convex at the 8th whorl,

apex mammillate. Whorls 9, moderately convex, gradually

and regularly increasing, the first 24 smooth, remainder

sculptured with close, rather coarse, regular, straight,

vertical rib-strize, which are slightly closer together on the

last whorl; suture nearly horizontal, simple, well defined.

Aperture quadrate, broadly rounded at base; _peristome

thickened, minutely reflexed ; outer lip hardly curved out-

ward, with an extremely faint inward curve at the angle at

which, after a short advance forward in profile, it recedes

rather sharply to the base; columella short, thickened,

slightly concave, margin narrowly reflexed, forming a minute

rima ; callus pronounced ; dentition none.

506 ~ Mr. M. Connolly on

Long. 9°7, lat. 2°8; apert., alt. 2:2, lat. 1:2; last whorl

3°8 mm.

Hab. Ucanna, Mt. Elgon (Woodhouse).

The distinguishing feature of this species is the sharp

forward angulation of the outer lip, in contrast with the

almost straight striation ; this appears to be constant even

in immature specimens, and, together with the more rapid

increase in length of whorl, separates sinui/abiata from its

nearest ally, S. validior.

The protoconch, as shaken out of an adult shell, contains

24 whorls and is practically smooth until just before the

outer lip, where there are 2 or 3 extremely faint transverse

striz.

It will be observed that the 7 foregoing species are all

thickly callused and show a slight, but clear, peristomatal

reflexion, while in at least one instance there is indication

of parietal dentition; they may all be accepted as mature,

fully formed examples of the highest development that their

particular group is capable of attaining. Of the 10 species

which follow, none have a reflexed peristome or any sign of

dentition and very few show any trace of callus ; whether

they are actually mature, or would in course of time have

developed any of these features, cannot yet be determined.

Streptostele elgonensis, sp.n. (Pl. XIV. fig. 9.)

Shell small, acicular, subrimate, thin, silky, transparent,

lacteous. Spire produced, sides nearly regular, apex acute.

Whorls 9, slightly convex, gradually increasing, the first

smooth, second extremely faimtly, closely transversely striate,

remainder sculptured with well-defined, rather close, regular,

straight, vertical rib-striz, fainter on the base of the last

whorl ; suture moderately oblique, subcrenulate, well

defined. Aperture subrhomboid, peristome simple, outer lip

hardly curved outward, advancing very slightly in profile

and then receding a little to the base ; ; columella straight

and erect, margin moderately thickened, producing a small

rimation ; callus faint ; dentition none.

Long. 8°6, lat. 2:1; apert., alt. 1°7, lat. 1:0; last whorl

30 mm. >itie

Hab. Ucanpa, Mt. Elgon (Woodhouse).

Streptostele hasta, sp.n. (Pl. XIV. fig. 16.)

Shell of fair size, lanceolate, rimate, thin, smooth, glossy,

transparent, pale olivaceous-vitreous. Spire much produced,

sides straight, apex acute. Whorls 10, nearly flat, regularly

African Non-marine Mollusca. 507

and very gradually increasing, the first 4 closely, but very

faintly, microscopically punctate, remainder sculptured with

close, very faint though rather broad, curved, somewhat

oblique, transverse strive; suture moderately oblique, sub-

crenulate, well defined. Aperture subrhombic, peristome

simple, thin ; outer lip but little curved, hardly arched for-

ward and then receding gradually to the base; columella

straight and erect, margin narrowly reflexed, forming a

minute rima ; callus and dentition none.

Long. 11-7, lat. 2:7; apert., alt. 2°2, lat. 1:2; last whorl

4-0 mm.

Hab. Kenya, Urguess (Percival).

The long straight-sided spire and faint, yet coarse,

sculpture distinguish this species from any of its neighbours;

it has flatter whorls than S. crenulata (Smith).

Streptostele clavulus, sp.n. (Pl. XIV. fig. 17.)

Shell of moderate size, acicular, subrimate, thin, smooth,

shining, bleached in the type, but normally transparent

and pale olivaceous-vitreous. Spire produced, sides almost

straight, apex narrowly rounded. Whorls 9, flattened,

regularly and gradually increasing, the last showing a faint

trace of basal angulation, the first 2 smoothly, densely,

microscopically punctate, remainder sculptured with ex-

tremely faint, regular, almost straight and vertical striz,

which, under a lens, are only apparent in the sutures on the

4th and 5th whorls, and gradually become more visible on

the later ones; suture slightly oblique, crenulate, shallow.

Aperture sub-piriform, rounded at base; peristome thin,

simple; outer lip curved a litle outwards, receding in

profile gradually to the base ; columella straight, a little

inclined inwards, margin very narrowly reflexed ; callus and

dentition none.

Long. 8°5, lat. 2°3; apert., alt. 2°0, lat. 0°8; last whorl

35 mm.

Hab. Kenya, Larogi Hills (Percival).

The type is somewhat bleached and immature, but quite

distinct by reason of its flattened whorls ; it differs clearly

in sculpture from S, hasta.

Sireptostele crassicrenulata, sp.n. (PI. XIV. fig. 18.)

Shell of moderate size, acicular, subrimate, thin, smooth,

shining, transparent, pale olivaceous-vitreous. Spire pro-

duced, sides very slightly convex at the 7th whorl, apex

acute. Whorls 10, rather flat, very gradually increasing,

508 Mr, M. Connolly on

the first 24 practically smooth, remainder bearing extremely

faint, almost flat, regular, transverse striz, almost invisible

on the smooth whorls, but strongly accentuated in the

sutures, which are nearly horizontal, crenulate, and well

defined. Aperture subovate; peristome simple, acute ;

outer lip not much curved outward, straight in profile,

slightly receding to the base; columella vertical, margin

slightly reflexed, forming a minute rima; callus and

dentition none.

Long. 8°2, lat. 2:1 ; apert., alt. 1°8, lat. 0°8; last whorl

2°8 mm.

Hab. Kenya, Forests north of Mt. Kenya (Percival).

Compares very closely with the enlarged figure of

S. zambiensis, Pilsbry, whose sculpture appears to be similar.

The last-named, however, is 34 mm. longer with the same

number of whorls, so is obviously an altogether larger form.

The sculpture—or, rather, want thereof, except in the suture

—is very remarkable, and distinguishes S. crassicrenulata

from neighbouring species which resemble it closely in other

respects.

Streptostele patruelis, sp. nu. (PI. XIV. fig. 22.)

Shell of moderate size, rimate, torpediniform, thin,

smooth, dull in the type, but normally transparent and pale

olivaceous. Spire produced, sides nearly parallel from the

base to the 8th whorl and then gradually tapering to

the acute apex. Whorls 10, rather flat, regularly and

very gradually increasing, first 4 sparsely microscopically

punctate, remainder sculptured with extremely faint, close,

nearly straight, moderately oblique, transverse striz, hardly

visible except in the suture, which is nearly horizontal,

crenulate, and shallow. Aperture subovate, peristome simple,

outer lip very little curved outward, almost straight in

profile, only receding very little toward the base ; columella

very slightly concave, margin narrowly reflexed, formimg a

clear rima ; callus very faint ; dentition none.

Long. 8°6, lat. 2-4; apert., alt. 1:7, lat. 1-1; last whorl

3:0 mm.

Hab. Kenya, Larogi Hills (Percivat).

Clearly distinct in shape from the preceding species, which

it somewhat resembles in sculpture.

Streptostele nyiroensis, sp.u. (Pl. X1V. fig. 23.)

Shell comparatively large, elongate-turriform, subrimate,

thin, silky, semitransparent, pale olivaceous. Spire con-

siderably produced, slightly bent to the right, apex acute.

African Non-marine Mollusca. 509

Whorls 10, not very convex, very gradually increasing, the

first 14 practically smooth, next 2 showing close spiral

scratches, the next bearing very faint, close, slightly curved

and oblique transverse striz, which continue, stronger and

a little more distant, on the later whorls; suture moderately

oblique, shallow, subcrenulate. Aperture subovate; peri-

stome simple ; outer lip only moderately curved outward,

descending almost straight and vertically in profile ; colu-

mella straight, erect, margin almost adnately thickened,

forming a minute rima ; callus and dentition none.

Long. 11°8, lat. 2°7 ; apert., alt. 2°5, lat. 1:7; last whorl

46 mm.

Hab. Kenya, Mt. Nyiro, 8300 feet (Percival).

A more slender form than S. elongata and distinct from

S. urguessensis by the sculpture of the early whorls.

Streptostele osculum, sp.n. (Pl. XIV. fig. 24.)

Shell of moderate size, elongate, rimate, thin, rather glossy,

translucent, olivaceous. Spire produced, sides convex at

the 6th whorl, apex acute. Whorls 9, not very convex,

first 6 regularly and gradually increasing, remainder almost

equal; the first 4 faintly microscopically punctate, the

2nd, 3rd, and 4th showing decreasingly faint traces of trans-

verse striation, especially in the suture; remainder sculptured

with fine, faint, close, regular, straight, very slightly oblique,

transverse striz ; suture nearly horizontal, shallow, with a

suberenulate margin. Aperture suboval ; peristome simple;

outer lip hardly curved outward, almost straight in profile,

only receding very slightly near tle base; columella straight,

erect, margin narrowly reflexed, forming a small rima;

callus very faint ; dentition none.

Long. 9°4, lat. 2°4; apert., alt. 1°8, Jat. 1:1 ; last whorl

3°3 mm.

Hab. Kenya, Igembi Hills (Percival).

This species differs from S. urguessensis, perhaps its

nearest ally, in being a more slender form with fainter

sculpture,

Streptostele ordinaria, sp.n. (Pl. XIV. fig. 25.)

Shell of fair size, lanceolate, subrimate, thin, smooth,

shining, transparent, pale olivaceous. Spire much produced,

sides very slightly convex at the 8th whorl, whence they are

parallel to the base; apex acute. Whorls 10, moderately

convex, extremely gradually increasing, first 3 faintly, some-

what sparsely microscopically punctate, remainder sculptured

510 Mr. M. Connolly on

with very faint, close, regular, straight, almost vertical striz,

which are strongest on the 6th and 7th whorls; suture

moderately oblique, crenulate, well defined. Aperture sub-

ovate, peristome simple, outer lip curved outward, almost

straight and vertical in profile; columella very slightly

concave, margin thickened sufficiently to form a minute

rimation ; callus and dentition none.

Long. 10°7, lat. 2°6; apert., alt. 2°3, lat. 0°9; last whorl

4-0 mm.

Hab. Kenya, between the Laikipia Plateau and Eusso

Nyiro (Percival).

Streptostele crassiplicata, sp.n. (Pl. XIV. fig. 30.)

Shell rather small, turriform, subrimate, thin, rather

smooth, glossy, transparent, pale olivaceous. Spire pro-

duced, sides nearly regular, apex narrowly rounded.

Whorls 8, moderately convex, slowly and regularly increasing,

the first 2 practically smooth, remainder sculptured with

extremely faint, close, straight, vertical striz, hest seen in

and just below the suture, which is nearly horizontal, crenu-

late, and well defined. Aperture irregular, peristome simple,

outer lip curved outwards, straight and perpendicular in

profile ; columella straight, erect, margin extremely narrowly

reflexed, forming a minute rimation; callus and dentition

none.

Long. 6°8, lat. 2:2; apert., alt. 1:7, lat. 1°0; last whorl

3°0 mm.

Hab. Kenya, Jombene Hills, 4000 ft. (Percival).

Streptostele columna, sp.n. (Pl. XIV. fig. 29.)

Shell of fair size, torpediniform, subrimate, bleached in

the type, but normally thin, silky, nearly transparent, pale

olivaceous. Spire produced, sides tapering extremely

gradually from the-base to the 5th whorl, and thence more

rapidly to the narrowly rounded apex. Whorls 10, flattened,

extremely gradually increasing, first 3 practically smooth,

remainder sculptured with faint, very fine and close, straight,

very slightly oblique, transverse striz; suture oblique,

simple, shallow. Aperture subovate, peristome thin, simple;

outer lip moderately curved outward, almost straight in

profile, receding a little to the base; columella slightly con-

cave, margin narrowly reflexed, forming a minute rima;

callus well marked ; dentition none.

Long. 10°8, lat. 2°5 ; apert., alt. 2-0, lat. 1:2 ; last whorl

3°8 mm.

‘

Rie =

African Non-marine Mollusca, 511

Hab, Kenya, Rumruti, Laikipia Plateau, 6000 ft. (Kemp).

Rather widely diffused in the Laikipia District, and

showing considerable variation between extremes of form,

the fine, close sculpture, however, remaining unchanged.

Subgenus Rarrraya, Bourguignat.

Streptostele (Raffraya) clara, sp.n. (Pl. XIV. fig. 6.)

Shell small, elongate, imperforate, thin, smooth, glossy,

transparent, lacteous- vitreous. Spire produced, — sides

regular, apex bluntly rounded. Whorls 7, rather flat,

gradually and regularly increasing, the first 2 smooth,

remainder sculptured with close, regular, nearly straight,

vertical strive, very faint on the 3rd and 4th and only a little

stronger on the later whorls, but strongest just below the

suture, which is crenulate, margined below, and rather

shaliow. Aperture shortly ovate, very broadly rounded at

base ; peristome white and shining, thickened, but scarcely

reflexed ; outer lip well curved outward, hardly advancing

in profile, but receding sharply to the base for a little more

than half its length ; columella concave, of the same thick-

ness as the rest of the peristome ; callus clear, but not thick;

dentition none.

Long. 5:7, lat. 1°7 ; apert., alt. 1°4, lat. 0°8; last whorl

2°6 mm.

Hab. Camervn, Bitze (Bates).

Streptostele (Raffraya) curvata, sp. un.

(PI: XIV. fig. 5.)

Shell small, elongate, rimate, thin, silky, nearly trans-

parent, lacteous. Spire produced, slightly convex on the

left and concave on the right side; apex bluntly rounded.

Whorls 7, flattish, slightly gradate, regularly and very

gradually increasing, the first 2 smooth, remainder sculp-

tured with strong, close, regular, nearly straight, vertical

cost, which become obsolete on the paries ; suture hardly

crenulate, impressed. Aperture quadrate-ovate, broadly

rounded at base; peristome white, shining, minutely

reflexed ; outer lip slightly sinuous, curved outwards and

backwards, in profile, to the base ; columella straight, short,

slightly inclined inwards, margin broadly triangularly

reflexed over the rima; callus almost imperceptible ;

dentition, a most minute tubercle i in the angle of the paries

and outer lip.

512 Mr. M. Connolly on

Long. 6:0, lat. 1:9; apert., alt. 1°6, lat. 0°8 ; last whorl

2°7 mm.

Hab. Ucanna, Mt. Elgon (Woodhouse).

Streptostele (Raffraya) auriformis, sp. n.

(Ol Rivne: 17.)

Shell very small, shortly acicular, rimate, rather thin,

smooth, translucent, milky-olivaceous. Spire produced,

sides nearly parallel from base to 5th whorl, and then

tapering slightly more rapidly to the narrowly rounded apex.

Whorls 7, convex, gradually increasing, the first 3 practically

smooth, remainder sculptured with very faint, close, straight,

vertical striz ; suture subcrenulate, well defined. Aperture

quadrate, broadly rounded at base; peristome white, shining,

thickened and extremely narrowly reflexed; outer lip

moderately outcurved, slightly sinuous at the angle at which,

after advancing very gradually a short distance in profile, it

recedes rather rapidly to the base; columella slightly oblique,

with a vertical groove towards its upper extremity, margin

narrowly reflexed, almost concealing the small rima; there

is a slight tendency towards a callus, but no dentition.

Long. 4°7, lat. 1°6 ; apert., alt. 1°2, lat. 0°6; last whorl

22 mm.

Hab. Kenya, Rumruti, Laikipia Plateau, 7000 ft. (Kemp).

Streptostele (Rajfraya) cylindrica, sp. n.

(Pl. XIV. fig. 41.)

Shell very small, acicular, rimate, thin, smooth, shining,

transparent, very pale olivaceous-vitreous. Spire produced,

sides slightly convex at the 4th whorl, apex rounded.

Whorls 64, almost flat, very gradually increasing, the first

2 smooth, remainder, under a strong lens, practically so, the

sculpture only being noticeable in the impressed, strongly

crenulate suture. Aperture piriform, peristome white,

shining, a little thickened and minutely reflexed ; outer lip

hardly curved outward, angulate very slightly forward and

then receding more rapidly to the base; columella rather

concave, margin narrowly reflexed over the rima ; callus and

dentition none.

Long. 4°1, lat. 1:3; apert., alt. 1-1, lat. 0°7; last whorl

1-7 mm.

Hab, Ucanna, Mt. Elgon (Woodhouse).

Chiefly distinguishable from other known species by its

smooth whorls with crenulate suture.

African Non-marine Mollusca. 513

Streptostele (Rajffraya) constricta, Sp. n.

(Pl. XLV. fig. 40.)

Shell very small, subaciculate, rimate, thin, somewhat

silky, transparent, pale olivaceous. Spire produced, sides

slightly convex at the 4th whorl, apex rounded. Whorls 64,

rather flat, gradually, rather irregularly increasing, the first

14 smooth, remainder sculptured with faint, nearly straight,

vertical rib-striz, which are most visible in the impressed,

crenulate suture. Aperture subpiriform, broadly rounded

at base; peristome white, shining, thickened, and very

narrowly reflexed ; outer lip a little curved outward, very

slightly angulate forward and then receding slightly further

to the base; columella concave, margin — triangularly

thickened and expanded, forming a well-marked rima;

callus pronounced ; dentition none.

Long. 4°1, lat. 1:2; apert., alt. 1:1, lat. 0°75; last whorl

1°8 mm.

Hab. Kunya, Kekumega (Percival).

Very similar to S. cylindrica, but with considerably

stronger sculpture.

Streptostele (Rajfraya) unidentata, sp. n.

(Pl. XIV. fig. 42.)

Shell extremely small, rather elongate, subrimate, rather

thin, silky, semitransparent, pale olivaceous. Spire pro-

duced, sides almost parallel, apex narrowly rounded.

Whorls 6, rather convex, hardly increasing after the first ;

the first 24 smooth, remainder sculptured with compara-

tively strong, regular, straight, vertical striz ; suture simple,

rather impressed. Aperture piriform ; peristome white,

shining, thickened, minutely reflexed; outer lip hardly

curved outward, very slightly angulate forward and then

receding a Jittle less slightly to the base ; columella erect,

thickened, margin narrowly reflexed, forming a minute rima;

callus none ; dentition consisting of a small sharp deuticle,

which is not clearly brought out in the figure, uear the

middle of the paries and an inward swelling, almost

amounting to a tubercle, at the angulation of the outer lip.

Long. 2°8, lat. 0°9; apert., alt. 0°5, lat. 0°38; last whorl

1-2 mm.

Hab. N. Raeopesta, north bank of R. Zambesi, Victoria

Falls (Soper).

A wonderful little species, remarkable alike for its minute

size and well-marked dentition.

514 Mr. M. Connolly on

Streptostele (Rajraya) taylori (Gibbons).

(Pl. XIV. fig. 26.)

As this little-known species has never been satisfactorily

illustrated, I publish a figure of the type, which is in the

British Museum, The dentition consists of a blunt, sinuous,

parietal plait hardly visible in the figure, developing into a

sharp point a little within the aperture, and a marked pro-

tuberance on the incurvation of the outer lip; the shell is

4°8 mm. long.

Subgenus GRAPTosSTELE, Pilsbry, 1919.

Minute shells with faint microscopic spiral sculpture.

Streptostele (Graptostele) candelula, sp. n.

(Pl. XIV. fig. 20.)

Shell very small, shortly acicular, imperforate, thin,

smooth, glossy, nearly transparent, lacteous. Spire pro-

duced, sides tapering extremely gradually, apex broadly

rounded. Whorls 7, nearly flat, 2nd and 3rd about equal,

remainder very slowly increasing ; all are sparsely, faintly,

microscopically punctate, practically devoid of transverse

sculpture with the exception of an occasional nearly straight

and vertical growth-line, and showing traces throughout,

under the microscope, of extremely faint, close, flat, spiral

striation of somewhat irregular prominence ; suture simple,

shallow, narrowly margined below. Aperture squarely piri-

form, broadened and rather flattened at the base ; peristome

simple but by no means thin ; outer lip receding infinitesi-

mally just below the suture and then advancing slightly

before receding markedly to the base ; columella slightly

concave, margin aduately thickened, callus and dentition

none.

Long. 4°], lat. 1:2 ; last whorl 1:9 mm.

Hab. Camenvn, Bitze (Bates).

The type appears to be mature and, from its faint spiral

sculpture, to belong to Pilsbry’s subgenus Graptostele. It

is easily distinguishable from the young of Raffraya clara

through lacking any of the transverse striation, which shows

clearly just below the suture in that species.

Streptostele (Graptostele) iota, sp.n. (Pl. XIV. fig. 19.)

Shell very small, shortly acicular, subrimate, thin, smooth,

shining, nearly transparent, lacteous. Spire produced, sides

Ajrican Non-marine Mollusca. 515

straight, tapering very gradually to the rounded apex.

Whorls 7, not very convex, regularly and slowly increasing,

practically smooth except for a few vertical growth-lines aud

several extremely faint, close, rather irregular, incised spiral

striz, which are almost invisible on the type, but are just

noticeable under a microscope on all the whorls of a less

mature shell; suture simple, a little impressed. Aperture

subovate ; peristome thin, simple ; columella erect, slightly

thickened upwards, margin most narrowly reflexed at the

base, forming a minute rimation; callus pronounced ;

dentition none.

Long. 4°3, lat. 1:3; last whorl 1-8 mm.

Hab. Kenya, Mt. Kenya, 7000-9000 ft. (Kemp); between

the Igembi Hills aud Nyeri (Percival).

Streptostele (Graptostele) jod, sp. un.

Differs from the foregoing mainly in having more conyex

whorls and deeper suture; the incised spiral sculpture also

is closer and stronger after the 2nd whorl and the last

2 whorls show a little faint, close, vertica] striation. The

shell contains 7 whorls and measures :—long. 4°6, lat. 1°5 ;

last whorl 1-9 mm.

Hab. Kenya, Rumruti (Kemp).

Genus VaricosteLr, Pilsbry, 1919.

Comparatively large, nearly smooth shells, differing from

Streptostele, s.s.,in the peristome remaining simple and acute

at all stages of growth, without thickening, reflexion, or

expansion.

I agree with Pilsbry that Sudbulina roccatii, Pollonera,

belongs to this genus.

Varicostele rutshuruensis, Pilsbry, 1919.

I attribute to this species a shell collected by Kemp on

the shore of L. Mutanda, in the extreme south-west corner

of Uganda, less than 20 miles from Rutshuru., It agrees

well with the description of ru¢shuruensis and is commen-

surate with the second example whose measurements are

given by Pilsbry ; its apex, however, is noticeably broader in

proportion than that of Pilsbry’s enlarged figure, though I

cannot say whether this is due to slight inaccuracy in drawing

or to individual variation in the shell,

Varicostele lessensis, Pilsbry, 1919.

Here, again, shells collected in Uganda by Kemp at Kigezi

and by Dummer at Abiri appear mseparable from another

516 On African Non-marine Mollusca.

of Pilsbry’s species, although the localities are somewhat

distant from that in which /essensis was found and from each

other. They agree so closely in sculpture and dimensions

with Pilsbry’s description of /essensis that they can hardly

be varietally distinct, but their spire has a more graceful

appearance than in his enlarged figure, agreeing better im

this respect with his fig. 15, V. subvaricosa, Mts , than with

lessensis. The columella is adnately thickened, so that in

most cases any rimation is completely obscured ; in the

shells from Abiri close microscopic spiral sculpture is plainly

visible in patches on most of the whorls and more faintly on

the base, but this feature is probably due to their fresh con-

dition rather than to specific distinction.

Varicostele curvicolumella, sp.u. (Pl. XIV. fig. 31.)

Shell of moderate size, elongate-turriform, imperforate,

thin, silky, transparent, pale olivaceous. Spire produced,

sides regular, apex rounded. Whorls 7, convex, gradually

increasing, the first 2 microscopically punctate, remainder

sculptured with close, faint, regular, almost straight, scarcely

oblique striz ; suture simple, nearly horizontal, well defined.

Aperture shortish ovate, peristome simple, outer lip rather

curved outwards, gradually receding in profile to the base ;

columella inclined inwards from the base, very slightly

thickened as it ascends ; callus hardly noticeable ; dentition

none.

Long. 7°9, lat. 2°7; apert., alt. 2°2, lat. 1:3; last whorl

3°38 mm,

Hab. Ucanna, Jinja (Kemp).

Differs from both the foregoing species in sculpture, the

strie being fainter and wider apart, and in having shorter,

more convex, whorls.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XIV.

Fig. 1. Streptostele signata, Connolly.

Fig. 2. urguessensis, Connolly.

Fig. 3. —— falloont, Connolly.

Fig. 4. kenyana, Connolly.

Fig. 5, Raffraya curvata, Connolly.

Fig. 6. —— clara, Connolly.

Fig. 7. auriformis, Connolly.

Fig. 8. Streptostele oribates, Connolly.

Fig. 9. elyonensis, Connolly.

Fig. 10. elongata, Connolly.

Fy. 11. validior, Connolly.

Fig. 12, Gulellu filix, Connolly.

Fig. 13. Plychotrema cedrorum, Counolly.

On some new Asilidee from Western Australia. 517

Fig. 14. Gulella disseminata kekumegaensis, Connolly.

Fig. 15. Streptostele sinuilabiata, Counolly.

Fig. 16 hasta, Connolly.

Fig. 17 clavulus, Connolly.

Fig. 18 crassicrenulata, Connolly.

Fig. 19. Graptostele iota, Connolly.

candelula, Connolly.

Fig. 21. Gulella pisa, Connolly.

ig. 22. Streptostele patruelis, Connolly.

nyiroensis, Connolly.

osculum, Connolly.

Fig. 25, —— ordinaria, Connolly.

Fig. 26. Raffraya taylori (Gibbons).

Fig. 27. Gulella gwendoline scissidens, Connolly.

; candela, Connolly.

Fig. 29, Streptostele columna, Connolly.

crassiplicata, Connolly.

Fig. 31. Varicostele curvicolumella, Connolly.

Fig. 32. Ptychotrema yisheri, Connolly,

‘ig. 33. Gulella impedita, Connolly.

Fig. 34 perlata, Connolly.

Fig. 35. calva, Connolly.

Fig. 36. —— cancellata, Connolly.

Fig. 37. —— -—— minor, Connolly.

Fig. 38 salutationis, Connolly.

Fig. 39. —— dupuisi, Connolly.

Fig. 40. Raffraya constricta, Connolly.

Fig. 41, —— cylindrica, Connolly.

Fig. 42 unidentata, Connolly.

Valley.

Figs. 45,47. Marconia elgonensis (Preston), paratypes. Mt. Elgon.

Fig. 49. Marconia latula (Mts.). Butumbi.

Fig. 50, (Mts.). Migere.

Fig. 51. —— margarita (Prest.). Kigezi.

Fig. 58, —— latula (Mts.). LL. Mutanda,

Figs. 59, 60. —— maryarita (Prest.). Fort Portal.

Figures 32 and 43-60 are the exact size of the shells; all the rest are

more or less enlarged.

LII.—Some new Asilidee from Western Australia. By

Wiuui1aM J. Dakin, D.Sc., F.L.S., F.Z.8., Derby Pro-

fessor of Zoology, University of Liverpool, aud M, G. C.

ForpuaM, B.Sc., Assist. Lect. Zoology, University of

Liverpool. ;

(Plate XV.]

Durina the period that one of the authors occupied the

Chair of Zoology in the University of Western Australia, an

attempt was made to bring together a collection of West-

Australian insects, particularly of the Diptera. When the

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. x. 35

518 Prof. W. J. Dakin and Mr. M. G. C. Fordham on

immense area of the State is taken into consideration, the

amount of material collected was indeed small. But the

same critieism might be applied to the combined collections

of Diptera made in the western half of the continent. Very

little is really known of the Dipterous fauna, and this is,

perhaps, a little remarkable, seeing that Lepidoptera are not

Fig, 1.

* #ehe

Map showing distribution of species described.

common in Western Australia, whilst the Diptera are always

a nuisance and often a danger.

One of the results of our effort was the collection of a

number of interesting Asilids. Several of these were pre-

sented by friends, especially by Mr. J. J. Clark, of the Ento-

mological Department, The specimens have been examined

in England, and amongst them we have found at least one

Lo” @ ws

some new Asilide from Western Australia, 519

new genus and five new species. There are other records of

interest. In this connection attention may once more be

drawn to the lack of thought (or of knowledge) in preserving

data relative to the distribution of animal life in Aus-

tralia. Labels, too frequently, give Western Australia as a

locality! Few people in Europe seem to be aware that the

State is equal in area to the United Kingdom, Germany,

France, Italy, Norway, and Spain together. The climatic

differences between the extreme tropical north and the wet

winter country round Albany in the south are more than

would be expected from the distance separating the two

regions.

Some specimens of the Asilide from Western Australia

must have been collected in the ‘‘ early days” of the State.

A few of these are to be found in the British Museum

collections, and odd specimens have been seen by one of the

writers iu certain other museums. Almost all the British

Museum specimens were discussed by Ricardo in her papers

on the Asilide of Australasia (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1912

and onwards). Since the publication of Ricardo’s papers,

White, of Tasmania, has contributed a paper on the Asilidz

of Australia, in which eight new species from Western

Australia are described. Two of White’s species (the types

of which are probably somewhere in Australia) appear in our

collection. A list of the West-Australian Asilids, with their

distribution, is appended (p. 520).

It was considered advisable to examine the genital arma-

ture of the species in our collection, but no attempt will be

made here to discuss the genital armature of the Asilide.

Much more material is necessary, and we have, indeed,

grudged damaging the few specimens in our possession. It

will be seen that the genital armature of two of the species

is rather striking (text-figs. 4, 5, & 6), and, in fact, quite

different from that of the other specimens examined (text-

fig. 3). Whilst the two species are extremely unlike in

general form and appearance, they belong to closely related

genera. One of them is a new species of the genus Veosaro-

pogon, created by Ricardo for two species previously known.

The other is a species which cannot be fitted into existing

genera, although it closely approaches Neosaropogon. We

had no doubt from the general form, etc., that this was a

genus quite distinct from Neosaropogon. The discovery of

the similarity of the genital armature was therefore surprising,

However, in view of the fact that practically nothing is

known of the genital armature in the Asilide, it is not

520 Prof. W. J. Dakin and Mr. M. G. C. Fordham on

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some new Asilide from Western Australia. 521

possible to do otherwise than create a new genus for the

second species—the genus Questopogon. It appears as if

there is a subsection in the Dasypogoninz comprising a

number of closely related genera of which Neosaropogon

and Questopogon are two. It will be a point for future

investigation in work on this group *,

Asilide.

LEPTOGASTRIN 2.

Phellus piliferus, sp.n.

(Pl. XV. fig. 2; wing, text-fig. 2, A.)

The genus Phellus was founded by Walker for one species,

and only one species—Phellus glaucus—has been known up

to the present. This form is peculiarly West Australian,

and more especially coastal. It has been stated by Froggatt

to occur inland, and we can verify this statement, having

specimens from Cunderdin,

As is well known, it is a very large and fine-looking fly,

measuring 45 mm. in length. ‘Ihe new species, which may

be named Phellus piliferus, is equally large and even more

striking. There is one specimen enly in our collection—a

male from Cape Riche (see map, text-fig. 1) on the extreme

south coast, a very different environment from the Swan

River district. There is, however, a female in the British

Museum Collection, and this has not been described. Fortu-

nately, therefore, the two sexes are known.

Face.—Brownish yellow, the greater part being hidden by

a thick bushy moustache of many long golden-yellow hairs.

Head clothed behind with yellow hairs and aiso beneath.

Antenne.—Third joint brown-red, the two basal joints

black. The third joint quite twice as long as the other two.

Thorax.— Black, with delicate sparse black hairs on dorsal

surface. Laterally the hairy covering is thicker, and stout

brown bristles are present. ‘lhe bristles are rather like those

found in the same position on P. glaucus, but are more obvious

(perhaps owing to state of preservation). Posteriorly the

thorax bears a covering of stout yellowish-white hairs.

Ventral surface with pale yellow hairs between leg-bases.

Legs.—Superficially there is no great difference from

P. glaucus in the colour and vestiture of the legs. They are

* The authors would like to thank Major Austin, of the British

Museum, for his assistance, and to state that the types of the new

species are now in the B.M. Collection.

522 Prof. W. J. Dakin and Mr. M. G. C. Fordham on

black in colour, with the tips of an oclireous or tawny tint.

Claws black. Pulvilli light yellow. Stout yellow hairs,

similar to those which give the tawny appearance to the tips

of the feet in P. glaucus, extend amidst the black hairs of the

more proximal tarsal segments in P. piltferus, especially on

the first and second legs.

Yellow bands occur on the hind legs through the presence

Fig. 2.

- =>

D j

A. Phellus piliferus. D. Neoitamus cygnis.

B. Questopogon clarkit. E. Machimus forrestii.

C. Neosaropogon froggattii.

of yellow hairs amidst the black on the distal fifth of the

tibia and the distal half of the first basal segment. Pale

yellow hairs are present on the underside of the femur and

tibia, more especially on the hind feet.

Abdomen.—TVhe most striking feature of the species, which

separates it at a glance from PP. glaucus, is the vestiture

of the abdomen. This difference is conspicuous in the two

—

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;

some new Asilidze from Western Australia. 523

illustrations (Pl. XV. figs. 1 & 2). In P. glaucus (fig. 1)

the abdomen is deep metallic blue, with the first two segments

thickly covered above with pale yellow hairs. In P. piliferus

(fig. 2) all the abdominal segments bear, dorsally, a dense

covering of bronze-coloured hairs, which are longest over the

genital armature.

Dasypogonivz.

Neosaropogon froggatti, sp. n.

The genus NVeosaropogon was created by Ricardo for species

distinguishable from Saropogon by their large size, by the

absence of any visible style to the third joint of the antenne,

by the fourth posterior cell of the wing being not quite closed

or widely open, and by the moustache being composed of

numerous bristles about the same size arranged fan-like above

the oral opening.

Three species were placed in this genus—viz., V. princeps,

Macquart, JV. salinator, Walker, and LV. clavipennis, Ricardo.

The first and the last-named are only recorded from Eastern

Australia. NV. salinator is recorded from the extreme north

at Port Darwin in the Northern Territory.

Neosaropogon froggattii, sp. n., the type of the new species,

is a female from the extreme south coast of Western Australia

—Bremer Bay. It isa large species (30-35 mm. in length),

with a conspicuous ochreous-yellow abdomen, except for the

posterior segments, which are black. The legs are banded

black and yellow.

Face.—Pale yellow.

Antenne.—Blackish, with more brownish tint on under

surface nearer apices. First two joints with blackish bristles,

third joint bare and about 14 to 2 times length of first two

joints together.

Moustache of stout white bristles arranged in the charac-

teristic manner of the genus.

Back of head with’ stout black hairs above behind eyes and

white hairs below.

Thorax.—Very dark brown, almost black, above with

indication of black stripes. Grey tomentum covering sides

and extending on cox of legs. Dorsum with numerous

short black bristles and with long stout black bristles above

the root of wing. Scutellum with two stout black bristles,

not so long as some of those on posterior part of dorsum of

thorax.

Abdomen.—Black along lateral margins, but the greater

524 Prof. W. J. Dakin and Mr. M. G. C. Fordham on

part of dorsal surface yellow-ochre and the ventral surface of

a similar tint. The anterior segment is black and the last

three completely black. Some grey tomentum is found on

Fig. 3.

Chrysopogon albopunctatus. Lateral view.

Neosaropogon froggattit. Ventral view.

the black lateral areas of the more anterior segments and a

few small whitish hairs on the same part. Dorsal surface

free from hairs and shiny.

some new Asilidee from Western Australia. 525

Legs.—Distinctly banded in appearance, femur being very

dark brown or black, first third of all tibize being light yellow

and distal two-thirds black. The proximal part of first

pemen of tarsi is light yellow and the rest black.

emora, tibie, and tarsi all covered regularly with very

short black bristles. In addition to this general covering,

there are numerous stout bristles on the tibize and tarsi and

one or two on hind femora.

Wings (text-fig. 2, C).—Faintly tinged brown.

Halteres.—Yellow-brown.

This is the first record of the genus Neosaropogon from the

State of Western Australia, and far away from the tropical

region of the Northern Territory, whence JV. salinator is

recorded. The most conspicuous difference from JV. sa/inator

is the colour of the abdomen anteriorly and the colour of the

legs.

Genital armature (text-fig. 4).—It is unfortunate that no

male specimen has been discovered, as the tip of the abdomen

of the female is quite interesting in structure and different

from the other Asilids we have examined except Questopogon

elarkii. The structure is sufficiently well illustrated in the

figure, which is a ventral view. The stout styles, six in

number on eaeh side, are very conspicuous, and they do not

occur in other Dasypogoninze we have examined except

Questopogon. It isimpossible, however, to use this structure

at present for purposes of classification, for naturally it has

not been possible to examine the posterior end of the abdomen

minutely (usually it necessitates removing and mounting the

genital appendages) except in a few of our own specimens.

We cannot even say that it is characteristic of the genus

Neosaropogon. Most likely, however, it is characteristic of a

subgroup of genera to which both Neosaropogon and Questo-

pogon belong.

Questopogon clarkii, gen. et sp.n. (Pl. XV. fig. 3.)

‘T'wo specimens, females, of some size (27 mm.), from Cun-

derdin, Western Australia, belong to the Dasypogoning, but

it is apparently impossible to place them in any of the genera

already described, although they come near to Saropogon.

The largest of the species from Australia is given as 15 mm.

Ricardo has instituted the genus Neosaropogon for certain

species distinguished from Saropogon by their larger size,

but other features—the absence of any visible style to the

third joint of the antenne and the character of the moustache,

526 Prof. W. J. Dakin and Mr. M. G. GC. Fordham on

—as well as general form, mark off Meosaropogon from the

new genus Questopogon. It belongs to the group of Dasypo-

goning in which the fore tibize bear stout curved spines.

The third joint of the antenne bears a short terminal style

and is about 1? times the length of the two basal segments

together. ‘lhe fourth posterior cell of the wing (text-fig. 2, B)

is open. The abdomen is not club-shaped. The body is

robust and dark in colour (black, with dark legs, reddish

below), with metallic-like tomentum on shoulders of thorax,

and with bands of pale yellow hairs on abdomen which give

rise to iridescent markings according to the direction of the

light falling on the body.

Face with yellow tomentum. ‘Tubercle extending up to

antenne. Moustache abundant and white or pale yellow in

colour, extending up to base of antennee.

Palpi black, with black and white pubescence, bearing

slightly stronger black hairs at apex.

Antenne black, with third joint 13-12 times the length of

the first two combined. Style short and with abrupt concave

apex.

H Thoraz.—Black, with golden tomentum on shoulders and

laterally ; delicate black hairs on dorsal surface, with very

stout white bristles on marked postalar calli and a few similar

bristles on posterior margin of scutellum.

Abdomen.—Shining black, depressed, and comparatively

broad, gradually diminishing in width to the posterior

segment. The abdomen presents a banded appearance in

certain lights, due to the arrangement of a close covering of

pale yellow iridescent hairs. Hach segment possesses laterally

a conspicuous area of yellow-bronze tomentum—this is con-

fined laterally and to the posterior half of each segment.

The hairs on the dorsal surface of the abdomen are directed

outwards (to the right and left sides) on the posterior half of

each segment, but on the anterior half of each segment the

hairs are directed inward toward the median line. The hairs

on the tomentum areas are directed outwards. The hinder

segments are not so well clothed with hairs, the two posterior

ones possessing only a poor vestiture.

Legs.—Coxe black, with white hairs. Femora red below,

dark red, almost black, above. Tibia dark reddish brown,

the first and second with black towards the distal end. Tarsi

black. All tibiae and tarsi with stout and long white bristles.

Wings.—Not altogether clear. Marginal cells just slightly

brown. Structure and venation as illustrated (text-fig. 2, B).

Fourth posterior cell open.

some new Asilidee from Western Australia. 527

Genital armature (text-figs. 5 & 6).—Somewhat to our

surprise, seeing that there is little resemblance in the general

Fig. 5.

Fig. 6.

Questopogon clarkti, Ventral view.

appearance of the body, the tip of the abdomen of this form

presented the same complicated structure as Neosaropogon

598 Prof. W: J. Dakin and Mr. M. G. C. Fordham on

clarkii. On the other hand, although the two species differ

considerably at first sight, it has been shown above that the

two genera are closely related. The genital armature is in

agreement with this. The same six large styles are present

on each side, but the remaining structure is more complicated

than that of Neosaropogon. There is no point in describing

the details here. ‘The illustrations should suffice until we

have material for a more complete work on the genital

armature of the Asilide.

Subgenus Nroiramvs, Ost.-Sack.

Neoitamus cygnis, sp. n.

Only one species of Neoitamus has been recorded from

Western Australia—Neoitamus maculatus, White,—and, since

White only gives the locality as Western Australia, this

means about the same as stating that one specimen of some

species had been found in Europe.

There are two specimens of the- new species in thie collec-

tion. Both are females, and were caught in the suburbs of

Perth.

Size 22 mm.

Fuce.—Covered with grey tomentum. Moustache com-

posed of yellowish-white bristles, beard white. Antenne

black. Forehead with short black bristles at sides of ocelli.

Stout white and black bristles behind upper part of head.

Thorax.—Black, with grey tomentum. ‘There is a well-

defined black median stripe free from tomentum, broadest

anteriorly, and two dorso-lateral dark areas, Stout black

bristles on sides of thorax and two on posterior border of

scutellum. Scutellum with grey tomentum.

Abdomen.— Black, with grey tomentum at sides and at

segmentations. Some white pubescence ventrally.

Ovipositor.—Black and shiny.

Legs.—Femora black. Tarsi black above. Proximal part

of tibia yellow-brown above, and the whole joint of this

colour below. Fore femora with four stout black bristles

below. Middle femora with four slightly weaker bristles.

Hind femora with three black bristles near distal extremity,

and a few yellowish bristles in the place of the stout black

bristles of the anterior femora. All femora with weak grey

or white pubescence. Tibie and tarsi well armed with black

bristles.

Wings (text-fig. 2,D).—Clear. Veins dark brown, lighter

at base. Small transverse vein at about 2 of discal cell.

some new Asilide from Western Australia. 529

Subgenus Macuimus, Loew.

Only one species has been recorded up to date from the

Australasian region, Ricardo having placed the species

Asilus antilco of Walker (British Museum Collection) in this

subgenus of the old Asilus.

A specimen in our collection, unfortunately a female,

seems to belong to this subdivision ; but, whilst its specific

characters seem to be quite satisfactory, tle same cannot be

said of the generic position. ‘The boundaries of these sub-

genera of Asélus are very unsatisfactory, and will have to be

redefined in the future. Unfortunately there are still too

few specimens from Australia to take the matter up with the

Australian species.

Machimus forrestii, sp.n. (Pl. XV. fig. 4.)

Type (female) from Cunderdin, Western Australia, The

species is blackish.

Face.—Black. The moustache consists of black bristles

above and white bristles below.

Antenne.—Black. The third joint with no hairs, A few

black hairs are present on the basal joints.

Thorax.—Uniformly black, with long black bristles poste-

riorly. A few whitish hairs are present on the scutellum.

Legs.—Black, except tibizee and tarsi, which are light

brown. There are white hairs on the coxe. The anterior

femora are clothed with black hairs and possess a very few

black bristles. There are a few black bristles on the middle

femora and more on the hind femora. All tibiz and tarsi

bear numerous black bristles as well as a covering of fine

hair.

Wings (text-fig. 2, E).—Hyaline, with brown pigment on

the cross-vein and at the fork of the third longitudinal vein.

Abdomen.—Colour dull black. Black bristles are well

developed on the posterior margin of the segments, especially

on the anterior segments. ‘lhere are also some delicate white

hairs on these segments. Laterally there are incouspicuous

and small areas of grey tomentum on each segment.

Ovipositor laterally compressed.

Size 17 mm.

SPECIES RECORDED FOR THE First TIME FROM

WESTERN AUSTRALIA,

ASILIN2E.

Blepharotes flavus, Ricardo.

Two specimens in the collection appear to belong to this

530 Miss G. E. Webb on some

species, which was established by Ricardo for specimens from

Queensland and Victoria. The range of the species—the

specimens in our collection came from Northani—is thus very

wide, extending completely across the Australian continent.

The specimens, which include male and female examples, do

not differ from those described for the Eastern States. The

size is markedly different from that of Blepharotes coriarius,

Wiedemann, being smaller—our specimens of B. coriarius

are 40 mm., whilst B. flavus is ¢ 30 mm. and ? 30-34 mm.

Ricardo states also that B. flavus is smaller than the species

B. coriarius, but the dimensions given in her paper are just

the opposite—B. cortarius, ¢ 27 mm.; B. flavus, g 30,

? 35mm. This must be a mistake, and, as the ditference

in size is considerable and of some importance, it is men-

tioned here.

LITERATURE.

Ricarpo. “A Revision of the Asilida of Australasia.” Ann. & Mag.

Nat. Hist. ser. 8, vols. ix.,x., & xi. 1912 & 1913.

Wuire. “New Australian Asilide.” Proc. Roy. Soc. Tasmania.

1913-15.

Waker. ‘ Insecta Saundersiana.—Diptera.’ London, 1856.

Loew. “Ueber die europaischen Raubfliegen (Diptera asilica).” Linnea

entomologica. Berlin, 1849.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XV.

Fig. 1. Phellus glaucus.

Fig. 2. Phellus piliferus, sp. n.

Fig. 3. Questopogon clarku, gen. et sp. n.

Fig. 4. Machimus forrestit, sp. n.

LIII.—Note on some Young Stages of Gecarcoidea lalandii,

Milne-Edwards. By Guapys E. Wess, M.Sc., Assistant

in Zoology Departmeut, University College, London.

Gecarcoidea lalandii, M.-Edw., is the common Red Crab

of Christmas Island. It is mentioned (under the name of

Gecarcinus lagostomus) by Dr. C. W. Andrews in the

‘ Monograph of Christmas Island’ (1900), where its annual

migration to the sea for the purpose of hatching off its eggs

is also described.

The following account of the collection of young stages

believed to belong to this species is given by Dr. W. T.

Calman (Proc. Zool. Soc. 1909, p. 710) :—“On his

BAND s mee

DAKIN & FORDHAM.

Ann. & Mag. Nat. Fist. S. 9.

Vol. X. Pl.

AV.

Asilida from Western Australia,

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Young Stages of Gecarcoidea lalandii. 531

(Dr. Andrews’s) visit to the island in 1908, he obtained

specimens of a large Megalopa-larva, which occurred in

enormous quantities in the sea shortly after the migration,

and also of a small crab which appeared in similar numbers

at a slightly later date. It seems practically certain that

these larve and young can belong to no other species than

G. lalandii, and it is hoped that it may be possible to obtain

the earlier stages and to give a complete account of the

life-history.”

Fig. 1.

Fig. 2.

Ventral view of head-region, Megalopa stage. x 38.

Unfortunately, up to the present no earlier stages have

been collected, so this description includes only the megalopa

and young post-larval stage mentioned above. It seems

probable, however, from the large number and small size of

the eggs carried by the berried female, that the young do

hatch at an early stage, probably as a zcea or protozcea.

532 Miss G. E. Webb on some

The appendages in both these stages are typically

Brachyuran in character, the antennular statocyst being

particularly well-developed (fig. 2). The chief feature of

interest presented by the Megalopa is the size and position

of the last pair of thoracic legs. ‘These are much smaller

than the preceding pairs, and the inner margin of the last

joint or dactylopodite is not serrate, as in the other claws,

but quite smooth, and carries a terminal group of three long

sete (fig. 1). This slender last pair of legs is more dorsal

than the others, and is carried bent forwards on the upper

surface of the carapace, often with the last three joints closely

flexed on the proximal joints.

In the next stage (fig. 3) the fifth pair of legs is not

noticeably small in proportion to the other thoracie legs, nor

does it terminate in a group of sete ; it is, moreover, carried

First young stage. Dorsal view. Length of carapace=4‘2 mm.

extended laterally in a normal position, no longer bent up

over the back of the animal as in the preceding stage.

Evidently, therefore, this peculiar character of the fifth pair

of legs is confined solely to the megalopa stage of the life-

history ; there is no trace of it in the adult erab.

The small size and dorsal position of the fifth thoracic legs

in the adult is a character which is typical of certain groups

among the Brachyura. These are the Dromiacea; the Dorip-

pide and Raninide among the Oxystomata; and the Palicidee

and Ptenoplacide among the Brachygnatha.

It is not so easy to determine how common this feature is

in the megalopa stage of the Brachyura, as the literature on

the larval stages is still very incomplete.

It seems, however, that the three main points comprised in

Young Stages of Gecarcoidea lalandii. 033

the modification, viz. the small size of the fifth thoracic legs,

their dorsal position, and terminal group of three long sete,

may often occur singly as separate characters, the megalopz

of certain species of Portunus, for example, having the last

thoracic leg tipped with three long curved setz, but the limb

not reduced in size nor markedly dorsal in position.

I have been unable to find any record of a Megolopa in

which this modification is so pronounced as in G. lalandit.

It is difficult to see of what use this leg can be to a free-

swimming larva such as the Megalopa, unless it is used to

clean the long-fringed sete of the pleopods, which tend to

become clogged with small fragments as the animal swims

through the water. If this is actually the case, it would

account for the fact that in the next stage, when the pleopods

are no longer used for swimming, the fifth leg is once more

normal in structure and position.

Another point of interest is the development of the abdo-

minal appendages or pleopods, in connection with the stage

of development at which sex-differentiation becomes exter-

ually apparent.

In the adult male of this species the appendages of the

first and second abdominal segments only are present, and

these are modified as copulatory organs. The adult female

has four pairs of biramous pleopods, from the second to the

fifth segment inclusive, and in neither sex is there any trace

of the uropods. The male may also be distinguished by the

possession of larger chele and a narrower abdomen than

those of the female.

In the megalopa and young stage here described the two

sexes cannot as yet be distinguished on external examination.

The megalopa has four pairs of biramous pleopods, from the

second to the fifth abdominal segment; the outer ramus a

flattened oval, thickly bordered with plumose sete; the

inner a blunt process with a group of coupling-hooks at the

end of its inner margin. These are linked into similar hooks

on the corresponding pleopod of the other side, so that in

swimming the two members of a pair move as one. The

uropods have no inner ramus, but the outer ramus is well-

developed and fringed with plumose setze,

In the subsequent young stage, the four pairs of pleopods

are all reduced to spineless processes, of which only the first

two pairs show any trace of a biramous character, while the

uropods, though still present, are quite vestigial. This

reduction is apparently carried out to the same extent in both

sexes, so that in order to attain the condition present in the

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. x. 36

534 Mr. T. H. Withers on a

adult female, these pleopods must afterwards re-develop, thus

providing an example of a phenomenon somewhat uncommon

in the animal kingdom, the degeneration of a well-developed

and funetional organ, and its subsequent re-development at a

later stage.

Two specimens of G. dalandii which are in the possession

of the Natural History Museum, South Kensington, and

which were collected by Dr. C. W. Andrews at a spot about

200 feet from the summit of Christmas Island, are respec-

tively a male measuring 18°5 mm. across the carapace and a

female measuring 18 mm.

At this stage the abdominal appendages have already

assumed the characters of the adults, although the size of

the chelee and abdomen are still the same in both sexes.

Sex-differentiation of the pleopods, therefore, must take

place between the first young stage measuring 4°2 mm. across

the carapace and the attainment of a size of 18 mm.; and

during this period the young crab leaves the sea and migrates

inland to take up its future abode in the wooded districts of

the interior.

I am indebted to Dr. C. W. Andrews and Dr. W. T.

Calman for the loan of specimens and for helpful informa-

tion and advice.

LIV.—On a new Brachyurous Crustacean from the Upper

Cretaceous of Jamaica. By THomas H. Wirurrs, I.G.S.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

[Plates XVI. & XVII. ]

Dr. D. Wooxacort recently presented to the Geological

Department of the British Museum some crab-remains

collected by him from the Upper Cretaceous of Jamaica, and

these were entrusted to me for description.

Cretaceous crabs are always interesting, but the interest is

greatly increased when, as in this instance, it is possible by

careful development to expose many of the appendages, so

that the structure can be studied almost as completely as in a

recent specimen. ‘lhe form here deseribed is not only one of

the most complete Cretaceous crabs so far discovered, but is

new Brachyurous Crustacean. 539

especially interesting from both a morphological and evolu-

flonary standpoint.

Carcineretes * woolacotti, gen. et sp. n.

Diagnosis.—Carapace flattened, rectangular, very slightly

broader than long ; the protogastric lobes are the only ones

at all prominent, and are crossed by a transverse ridge—the

epigastric line; the frontal region is divided into three lobes,

from which it is sharply deflected inwards and downwards to

form a shovel-like extension, Orbital region, on either side

of the front, wide, thrown into three lobes or teeth, de-

creasing in width towards the outer orbital angle, which is

produced into a prominent tooth, below the base of which the

orbit is deeply sunk. Chelipeds rather massive, with the

major chela developed on either the right or left. Last pair

of ambulatory legs with the propodus and dactylus flattened

and broadened to serve as a swimming organ as in the

Portunids.

Occurrence.—Dr. Woolacott has supplied the following

notes regarding the horizon, locality, and associated species :-—

Upper Cretaceous (Turonian?), From grey calcareous

shale in the bed of the Rio Minho a little to the west of

Trout Hall, Chapelton, Jamaica. The shale is several feet

thick, and one band of it, about 3 feet in thickness, is crowded

with Rudiste, forming a Rudist-bank. ‘The crab-remains

were obtained from this bank.

The crab-remains were associated with Rudiste, corals,

massive Actzonellid gastropods, and Ostrea-like bivalves,

the fauna being fairly rich and varied. Among the specimens

collected by Dr. Woolacott from the Cretaceous limestones of

Jamaica, Dr. 'T'rechmann has determined the following :—

Radiolites cancellatus, Whitfield T.

Radiolites ef. macroplicatus, Whitfield.

Caprina cf. jamaicensis, Whitfield.

He states regarding the Rudistz collected that “they

include several apparently undescribed forms, among them

being Radiolites both single and growing in_ clusters.

Among the former are forms having the general shape of

R. sauvagesi of the European Cretaceous.” The species

* kapkivos=crab; épérns=rower, é‘

+ “ Description of Species of Rudistz from the Cretaceous Rocks of

Jamaica,” Bull, Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol. ix., July 1897, pl. xiii,

figs. 3-7.

36”

536 Mr. Tl’. H. Withers on a

whieh oeeur in the band from which the crab-remains were

obtained include :—

Radiolites cancellatus, Whitfield.

Diploria er pedicles. Edwards & Haime.

Heliasirea Aa a "Duncan.

exsculpta, Reuss

Actwornella sp.

The bank is largely composed of Radiolites cancellatus,

and it is hoped to describe the fauna from this bed more fully

later.

Collection. —Collected by Dr. D. Woolacott, and presented

by him to the Geological Department of the British Museum

(registered In. 20780-In. 20782).

Material.—-'‘Thiee specimens—holotype, In. 20780, an

almost complete male shell with the four ambulatory ap-

pendages preserved on the left side ; In, 20781, another male

carapace with the right minor chela the only one of the

appendages preserved; In. 20782, a left major chela,

Description — Carapacerectangular; in specimen In. 20781,

Jength 33:4 mm., breadth 35°8 mm. ; in In, 20780, length

34:4 mm., breadth 38°8 mm. Anterior margin generally

straight and long, the front and the outer orbital spines

prominent, although the front is slightly more forward.

The front is divided into three lobes, the median of which

is small, longitudinally oval, and separated by deep channels

from the other two; from these lobes the front is sharply

detlected slightly inwards and downwards to form a some-

what concave shovel-like extension,

On either side of the front the orbital region is marked

off into three wide lobes or teeth. The first of these, counting

trom the front, is the widest ; it is concave from the front

and becomes convex where it is folded slightly below the

next lobe, which is smaller and markedly convex ; there is

only a slight notch dividing this second lobe from the third

small and rounded lobe ; this is followed by a deep notch,

and then a small tooth which forms part of the much larger

outer orbital tooth marking the outer lmit of the orbital

region.

“The lateral margins are almost straight and converge only

very slightly towards the posterior margin ; they are some-

what rounded at the postero-lateral angle and merge into the

posterior margin, which is only slightly concave in the

usiddle. ‘here is a short sharp spine or tooth on each

Pore

ee ae

new Brachyurous Crustacean. 537

lateral margin at the distal extremity of the epibranchial

lobe, and a bluntly rounded tooth lies immediately below the

lateral furrow.

Surface generally somewhat flattened, and covered, espe-

cially near the lateral and anterior margins, by very fine

flattened granules. The most prominent of the several areas

are the rather swollen and rounded protogastric lobes, which

slope towards the front from a slight but definite ridye—the

epigastric line-—which extends transversely across their

middle. A similar ridge is seen in the Portunid genera

Scylla and Neptunus. Behind the protogastric lobes is the

mesogastric lobe, somewhat globular in shape below, and

rather indistinctly produced in front into a narrow bottle-

neck extension characteristic of this lobe; immediately

behind it is the small, rounded, and somewhat crescentic

urogastric lobe. Well-defined branchio-cardiac furrows

bound the sides of the urogastric lobe and extend below it.

The cervical furrow is well marked, and can be traced

between the mesogastric and urogastric lobes ; it then extends

upwards round the protogastric lobes, and outwards and up-

wards to the lateral margin near the outer orbital tooth or

spine. Immediately below the cervical furrow on the margip

is a small triangular lobe—the epibranchial,—followed above

by the rather prominent and subtriangular hepatic lobes.

Below the cervical furrow on each side are the oblong and

rounded mesobranchial lobes, bounded below by the lateral

furrow.

Specimen In. 20781, viewed anteriorly, shows the front

produced downwards towards the epistome into a bluntly

rounded prominence. Below, the epistome is preserved only

on the right side, and in its posterior or lower part, which

is a narrow spine-like body with a broadly expanded outer

extremity ; the pointed inner extremity ends just below the

front, and appears to have been discontinuous with the left

half. Below the front is a short, thick, subtriangular plate

(a), which no doubt is the basal joint of the antennule ; next

to it is a somewhat rounded plate (a’), which is apparently

the basal joint of the antenna. The eye-socket is rather wide,

deeply excavated, and sunk well below the base of the outer

orbital spine. ‘The pterygostomian plate is somewhat

displaced, but its inner margin is raised and narrowly

bevelled, the basal margin somewhat excavated and with a

raised narrow rim, and transversely across the lower part of

the plate extends a flatly rounded ridge. All that remains

of the third maxilliped is a displaced ischium (i), and this is

538 Mr. T. H. Withers on a

a rather broad plate, constricted posteriorly, where it is

trilobed, the posterior lobe being the largest; above the

second lobe extends a sinuous groove or suture, and from this

to the inner anterior angle extends a longitudinal groove

similar to that seen in the Eocene Rhachiosoma and

NXanthopsis.

‘The abdomen in specimen In. 20781 is partially preserved,

only the last two plates being exposed; but in specimen

In. 20780 all the plates are present except the last. These

two specimens show that the abdomen of the male was only

moderately broad, and formed an acute triangle. It was

composed evidently of five plates—the first wide and narrow ;

the second not quite so wide or narrow; the next, evidently

representing the third, somewhat broader and not so wide;

next an almost square plate, probably representing the fused

fourth to sixth plates; lastly, the seventh plate or telson,

which is subtriangular, with a somewhat narrowly rounded

apex.

The sternal plates are not well exposed. In specimen

In. 20781 they are seen to be variously shaped, but the

three plates agree in having a narrowly rounded excavation

on the anterior margin towards the lateral extremity, which

is constricted and produced downwards into a small somewhat

triangular body.

Chelipeds stout and their surface generally smooth. The

fused basis and ischium is short, rounded, and triangular.

Carpus short and somewhat globular, with a broad tooth at

the inner angle, a blunt median spine a little removed from

the anterior margin, and, towards the outer angle, the surface

produced into a boss or prominence. The merus has the

posterior margin very thick and rounded, but rapidly thins

out anteriorly and towards the articulation with the propodus,

and here there is a prominent spine on the posterior margin,

followed below by two further equidistant spines, the lowest

not being nearly so large as the others.

Chelee unequal, the major chela developed on either the

right or left, as shown by the fact that in In, 20780 the

major chela is on the right, while in In. 20781 the minor

chela is on the right, and the detached major chela~

(In. 20782) is a left one. The chele are rather massive,

rounded from below to the margins, which are upturned to

form a ridge and consequent concavity on their inner side ;

there is a longitudinal ridge extending along the crest of the

palm, and on its posterior margin, both at the joint with the

dactylus and midway between that and the carpus, the margin

new Brachyurous Crustacean. 539

is produced into a short blunt spine ; next the articulation of

the larger palm with the dactylus there is a large lobe or

tooth directed towards the end of the dactylus, as in Seyl/a

and Gatunia. The digits on their prehensile edges have

rather large and closely-set irregular teeth, and the basal

tooth in the larger dactylus is much enlarged and directed

obliquely backwards as in Scylla and Gatunia.

The three pairs of ambulatory legs have the segments

somewhat flattened; the merus is comparatively long, and

the carpus and succeeding segments are very distinctly

grooved along their thick anterior margins, the posterior

margins being thinner and narrowly rounded. ‘The legs of

the last pair are flattened and broadened to serve as swimming

organs ; the dactylus, which is slightly incompletely pre-

served, is broadly ovate and leaf-like, and the propodus is

expanded and thinned only on the posterior side, in conse-

quence of which the articulation with the dactylus is close to

the stouter anterior edge. ;

A ffinities.—One of the most conspicuous characters of this

crab—a feature hitherto unknown earlier than Tertiary times

—is the modification of the last pair of legs into swimming

paddles resembling very closely those found in the Cyclo-

metopan family Portunide. This resemblance does not

consist merely in the fact that the segments of the limb are

broad and flattened: the broadly ovate leaf-like dactylus, the

propodus expanded and thinned only on the ventral or poste-

rior side, so that the articulation with the dactylus is close to

the stouter dorsal or anterior edge, and the general outline of

these and other segments, are closely paralleled in the

swimming-paddle of such a form as Neptunus. The per-

sistence of this type of limb throughout the large and varied

family Portunidze might well lead us to regard it as a cha-

racter of great phylogenetic significance. It reappears,

however, with almost identical form in the genus Matuta

among the Oxystomata, whose community of inheritance with

the Portunidze is very improbable indeed.

The paddle-like extension of the posterior legs is clearly an

adaptive character, and may well have been acquired inde-

pendently by different branches of the Brachyuran stock.

This therefore throws no light on the affinities of our present

erab.

We consequently have to rely on the structure of the

carapace. ‘This is square and flat, and its marked features

are the deflexed and trilobed front, the wide stretch marked

off into wide rounded teeth on either side of the front, and

540 Mr. T. H. Withers on a

the prominent outer orbital teeth. The abdominal segments

and the ischium of the third maxilliped show no special

features.

Many of the Pre-Cretaceous crabs are allied to the

Dromiacea, and it might be thought that this early Cretaceous

type would show features in common with that group.

Nearly all the Jurassic crabs probably belong to the extinct

family Prosoponide, and, except in the case of the unique

example of Protocarcinus longipes, H. Woodward, are known

only by their carapace. The carapace is generally longi-

tudinally oval in outline, and has the transverse furrows—the

cervical and lateral—prominently marked; the shape of the

carapace and the disposition of the furrows show that the

Prosoponid are allied to the family Homalodromiide of the

Dromiacea. In our crab the carapace is square rather than

longitudinally oblong, although it is not transversely oval as

in many modern crabs ;. but while the transverse furrows are

well marked, there is barely a hint of affinity with the

Dromiacea. The Dromiacea include the least specialized

forms of Brachyura, and retain many primitive characters.

One of these is the frequent presence of vestiges of the

uropods (the sixth pair of abdominal appendages) in the form

of small plates intercalated between the last two segments of

the abdomen. ‘These intercalated plates are certainly not

developed in our crab, and the legs of the last pair, instead of

being reduced or elevated on the back as in many Dromia-

ceans, are, on the contrary, well developed and modified into

swimming-paddles. We cannot, therefore, refer our crab to

the Dromiacea, and, in fact, there is nothing at all primitive

in any of its characters.

The square flat carapace and, more especially, the strongly

deflexed front suggest Cato.netopa, but the form of the cara-

pace does not resemble in detail any member of that varied

group, and the presence of three lobes on the line of deflection

of the front is very unlike the arrangement in any Cato-

metopan, where tlie lobes, often four, are always separated by

a median groove. There is, however, one character sugges-

tive of the Portunide, and that is the presence of a transverse

ridge—the epigastric line—extending across the gastric

region, similar to that seen in the genera Scylla and Neptunus.

Moreover, the chele are not unlike those in the Portunid

genus Scylla aud in the Miocene genus Gatunia of the family

Gatuniide ; in all three forms, next the articulation of the

larger palm with the dactylus, there is a large lobe or tooth

directed towards the end of the dactylus, and the basal tooth

WITHERS.

Ann. § Mag. Nat. Hist. 8. 9. Vol. X. Pl. XVI.

Terzi del.

Carcineretes woolacotti, gen. et sp. n.

‘u ‘ds 39 ‘wad “‘jO"TOoOM sSayoroUTDIES

PP 187,

9. Vol. X. Pl. XVII.

Ann. § Mag. Nat, list.

WITHERS.

new Brachyurous Crustacean, 541

of the larger dactylus is much enlarged and directed obliquely

backwards,

It is in the Cymopoliide, however, that we find more

characters in common, for in Cymopolia the carapace is

square and flat, especially i in certain species such as C. white,

and, although the arrangement of the furrows does not agree

in details, a certain general resemblance with them can be

traced. The form of the laterally elongated orbits in Cymo-

polia, with their deeply-cut upper margin and the prominent

outer orbital teeth, also suggests our crab; and it may be

added that some of the legs, although not the last pair, are

flattened forswimming. The front, however, is very different,

showing no trace of deflection, but having a median emargina-

tion and a thin edge.

On the whole, though the indications of affinity are

conflicting, it seems probable that Cymopolia is the nearest

relative of this Cretaceous crab, with possibly some relation-

ship to the Portunide. Though Cymopolia is now usually

placed in the Catometopa, the fact that its systematic position

was till recently the subject of discussion increases the likeli-

hood that it may be the survivor of a primitive group still

showing traces of divergent affinity with widely different

groups.

In conclusion, I wish to thank Dr. F. A. Bather, F.R.S.,

and Miss M. J. Rathbun for their assistance, and also

Dr. W. TI’. Calman, F.R.S., who not only gave me access to

the collection of recent crabs in his charge, but helped me in

other ways.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

Carcineretes woolacott?, gen. et sp. 1.

PriatE XVI.

Fig. 1. Dorsal view of almost complete male shell, with the ambulatory

appendages on the left side. Holotype, BM. , In. 20780.

PLATE XVII.

Fig. 2. Abdominal view of same.

Fig. 3. Dorsal view of another male shell, with the right minor chela the

only one of the appendages preserved. B.M., In, 20781.

Fig. 4. Abdominal view of same.

Fiy. 5. Anterior view of same,

vg. 6. Left major chela of another specimen. B,M., In. 20782,

Fig. 1, x 2 diam.; Figs, 2-6, x 14 diam.

542 Mr. C. Forster-Cooper on a

LY.— Macrotherium salinum, sp. 2., @ new Chalicothere

from India. By C. Forsrer-Coorer, M.A., Superin-

tendent of the University Museum of Zoology, Cambridge.

AMONG some fragmentary specimens from the salt-range of

India, said to have been found near Chenji, and therefore

Sarmatian in age, is a left upper molar of a Chalicothere,

which is different in certain particulars from other species of

the family hitherto described from India.

This tooth is in good condition, only just touched by wear,

and, as there is no sign of any pressure-mark on the hind

border, is presumably a third molar. It is approximately

square in outline, measuring 38 mm. along the outside border

and 39 mm. along a line from the cingulum of the protocone

to the outside edge of the parastyle.

The forms so far described from India are :—

Phyllotillon naricus (Pilgrim *).

Schizotherium pilgrimi (Forster-Cooper f).

Chalicotherium (Circotherium) sivalense (Falconer &

Cautley 4).

The first two species are from the earlier deposits of the

Bugti beds, and from the first-mentioned the present specimen

can at once be distinguished by its being square instead of

oblong in shape, from the second by its much larger size, and

from C. sivalense by the absence in the latter of a proto-

conule, a feature to which attention has not hitherto been

drawn.

The present specimen, for which the name Macrotherium §

salinum is proposed, has the following characters :—The

crown surface (fig. 1) shows a well-marked protocone, from

which a sharply defined ridge runs in a wide curve to the

protoconule. ‘The latter cusp is rather more sharply defined

from the paracone than is usually the case. The cingulum

is broad in front and runs round the protocone, and ends in

the valley between the protocone and hypocone. It is not

interrupted by the protocone as it is in C. stnense and, to

some extent, in P. naricus.

* Pilgrim, Mem. Geol. Surv. India, n. s., vol. iv. p. 34, and Forster-

Cooper, P. Z. S. 1920, p. 357.

t Loe. cit. p. 362.

{ Trans. Geol. Soc. 1837, and Falconer’s Memoirs, vol. i. pl. xvii.

§ The attribution to this particular genus is tentative only, and is

based upon the subequal shape of the tooth (comp. Holland and Peterson,

Mem. Carnegie Museum, vol. iii. p. 210).

new Chalicothere from India. 543

Fig. 1.

Third upper left molar of Macrotherium salinum, sp. n.

Surface view, a shade larger than natural size.

View of hinder border of the tooth, natural size. The dotted lines show

the angle of slope of the paracone,

PR=protocone; PA=paracone; PRL=protoconule; Hy=hypocone ;

MTS=metastyle; MES=mesostyle.

Fig. 3.

View of lingual side of the tooth, natural size,

544 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Deseriptions and

The hypocone (figs. 2 & 3) is compressed, bent rather

forwards, and is higher than the protocone. The external

wall of the paracone (fig. 2) is much bent inwards.

This tooth, therefore, does not resemble any Indian forms

hitherto described. In size and general shape it is at first

sight somewhat like Chalicothertum (Circotherium) sivalense.

The latter species, however, the type-specimens of which are

in the British Museum, shows in one point a very distinct

difference not only from the present species, but apparently

from all Chalicotheres with the exception of C. stnense.

Osborn*, in his description of Homoropus, states that a

protoconule is characteristic of all known Chalicotheres.

C. sivalense, however, certainly lacks the cusp, which is not

shown in Falconer’s figure on either the second or third

molars. An inspection of the actual specimens shows that

his drawings are correct, and, as the third molar is quite

unworn and in good preservation, there can be no doubt that

this cusp is really absent. The figure of Chalicotherium

sinense (Owen) in the ‘ Catalogue of Fossil Mammalia of the

British Museum ’ (part iii. page 165) shows very clearly that

the protoconule was absent also in this tooth. The absence

of a protoconule may therefore be added as another character

to the definition of the genus Circotherium as given by

Holland and Peterson f.

LVI.—Descriptions and Records of Bees.—XCVI.

By T. D. A. Cockereti, University of Colorado.

Augochlora humeralis, Patton.

Patton described this species from specimens collected by

Williston in North-western Kansas. Robertson suggested

that it might be fervida, Smith, to which Patton considered

it allied. As fervida is wide-spread in Kansas and Texas,

and I had nothing agreeing better with humeralis, I supposed

that the suggested synonymy might be correct. However,

on July 23, 1922, Mr. Earl G. Smith took a female at

flowers of Peritoma serrulatum, about five miles south-east

of Cornish, Colorado, which agrees excellently with Patton’s

* Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol. xxxii. p. 268.

+ Loc. cit. p. 211.

a ee ee

Records of Bees. 545

description, and is obviously distinet from fervida. A.

humeralis is thus established as valid, and will be recognized

especially by the dark antennz ; anterior angles of pro-

thorax extremely prominent and sharp ; area of metathorax

very large, longer than postscutellum, finely rugulose all

over, but not otherwise sculptured ; posterior truncation

shining, with very strong sharp margins. Abdomen dullish,

with fine punctures of different sizes; hind spur with

ouly three spines, these very long. Vachal has proposed to

change the name to pattoni, on account of Sichel’s earlier

humeralis, but I do not think Sichel’s bee is congeneric.

Alcidamea grinnelli, Cockerell.

Described from the ? in 1910. I have now before me

two males from the mountains near Claremont, California

(Baker, 7222, 7235). They are about 6 mm. long, resembling

A. simplex (Cress.), but easily separated by the strongly

dusky wings, more closely punctured mesothorax, and

castaneous tegule. The process on second ventral segment

is of the same kind, though rather smaller. The hind

margins of the abdominal segments are ferruginous; the

apical process is distinctly broader, and reddish. The

flagellum is bright ferruginous beneath.

The Californian A, colet, Crawf., is considerably smaller,

with clearer wings.

Ashmeadiella floridana (Robertson).

I have not seen fleriades floridanus, Rob., 1897, but

Professor Titus informed me many years ago that Robertson

referred it to Ashmeadiella.

Ashmeadiella meliloti (Cockerell).

g .—Albuquerque, New Mexico, June 2, 1911 (Watson).

Ashmeadiella wislizeni, sp. un,

3 .—Length about 5°5 mm.

Black, similar to A. meliloti, but differing thus: the four

teeth at apex of abdomen nearly equal in size, the middle

pair hardly longer than broad ; mesothorax shining, with

large sparse punctures ; first r.n. joining second s.m, at a

distance from its base conspicuously less than length of

546 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Descriptions and

intereubitus. By the short middle teeth of abdomen it

resembles A. schwarzi, Titus, but in that species the teeth

are red and the thorax is apparently more densely punctured.

Mesilla Park, New Mexico, 3800 ft. alt., at flowers of

Dithyrea wislizeni, Engelm., May 7 (Cockerell).

I have long had this in my collection, mixed with A.

meliloti, but it is certainly distinct. At the same time,

place, and flowers, I also took Perdita exclamans, Ckll.

Ashmeadiella californica (Ashmead).

Described by Ashmead (1897) as a Chalicodoma. A male

before me is from Claremont, California (Baker, 7223). The

wings are greyish, not “subfuscous”’; hair on head and

thorax above ochreous ; median apical teeth of abdomen

long.

Heriades carinatus, Cresson.

2 .—Fedor, Texas (Birkman).

Robertsonella dolichosoma, sp. u.

? .— Length about 7 mm

Black, elongate, finely punctured ; pubescence thin and

white, thorax above nearly bare ; abdomen with conspicuous

narrow white hair-bands ; ventral scopa white ; maxillary

palpi 4-jointed, last joint very small; clypeus convex,

minutely and very densely punctured, not hairy. Antenne

black, flagellum stout ; a smooth shining space above each

antenna ; facial quadrangle longer than broad, but head

rather broad; front very densely and minutely punctured ;

thorax rather long; mesothorax and scutellum shining, finely

and guite closely punctured; area of metathorax dull, except

its descending apex, which is polished; tegulz shining black.

Wings dilute fuliginous; b.n. falling a little short of

nervulus ; first r.n. ending a short distance from base of

second s.m., hardly half the distance of second r.n. from

apex. Legs entirely black, spurs pale reddish. Abdomen

shining, closely and very finely punctured, the punctures

practically uniform throughout.

Mountains near Claremont, California (Baker, 7225).

Easily known from the two previously described species by

the longer thorax and quite different sculpture of abdomen.

It is not Heriades albicinctum, Prov., which Titus has

Records of Bees. 547

ascertained to be a synonym of Chelostoma californicum,

Cresson.

Sphecodes pecosensis salicis, subsp. n.

? .—-Length about 9 mm.

Similar to S. pecosensis, Ckll., with inner tooth on

mandibles and deep dorsal constriction between first and

second abdominal segments, but differing thus: area of

metathorax not defined, covered with very coarse vermiform

(not straight) rug. Abdomen dusky chestnut-red, brighter

on first two segments.

Mountains near Claremont, California, on Salix (Baker ;

Pomona College, 221).

Perdita spheralcee ridens, var. nu.

3 .—Head extremely large, quadrate, broader than thorax,

with the cheeks broadened and strongly projecting, obtusely

augled ; abdomen dull red with narrow yellow bands.

Runs exactly to P. spheralcee in wy tables, and while it

looks very distinct, it is only a large-headed variety, such

as occurs occasionally in other Panurgids.

Mesilla, New Mexico, at flowers of Spheralcea lobata,

var. perpallida, Ckll., Sept. 10 (Cockerell).

Perdita platyura, sp. un.

2? .—Length about 4°55 mm.

Robust, with very broad flat abdomen ; head and thorax

with thin but rather abundant white hair ; head dark blue,

shining, of ordinary form, facial quadrangle square; man-

dibles sordid whitish, red at apex; labrum sordid whitish,

shining, prominent; cheeks dark ; clypeus and lateral face-

marks dull white, clypeus with the margins above broadly

black, so that the white area is conical; lateral marks

triangular, reaching about to level of antenne, excavated

on inner side above ; thorax dark, blue-green, mesothorax

dullish, tubercles dark. Wings milky hyaline with colour-

less nervures, stigma pale yellow; marginal cell squarely

truncate ; second s.m. long, receiving both recurrent

nervures. Legs dark brown, very bairy, tarsi whitish,

anterior tibiz pale yellow in front. Abdomen above rather

light brown, with large dusky sublateral spots, apex pale

reddish, venter reddish brown.

548 Mr. 'T. D. A. Cockerell—Deseriptions and

Las Truchas, Guadalupe County, New Mexico (Clara

Gerhardt).

In my tables of Perdita this finds no place, because the

abdomen is spotted, but the markings are dark instead of

light. It runs nearest to P. asderis, Ckll., and P. fedorensis,

Ckil. It closely resembles asferis in the face-markings, but

is easily separated by the abdomen.

Euryglossella nothula, sp. u.

2 .—Length about 4 mm.

Head and thorax black, abdomen purplish. In all respects

very like LF. globuliceps, Ckll., with the same incomplete

second s.m., but separated thus: inner orbital margins with

a yellow line ; lower margin of clypeus, labrum, mandibles,

and lower part of cheeks ferruginous ; scape in front and

under side of the very stout flagellum more or less ferru-

ginous ; head larger and more quadrate, the vertex elevated ;

anterior tibize and all the tarsi pale, with a slightly reddish

tint, hind tibie reddened apically.

Bribie Island, Queensland, 9 9, August 29, 1918 (H.

Hacker).

Euryglossella atomaria, Cockerell.

Brisbane, Sept. 26, 1916 (Hacker). A striking feature of

this species is the pale yellow ventral surface of abdo-

men. On the same day Mr. Hacker took what must be

considered the hitherto unknown male. It differs by the

sepia-brown stigma and the obscure face-markings, the

clypeus, lower part of supraclypeal area, and lower corners of

face suffusedly and obscurely yellowish. The mandibles are

clear pale yellow, dark at apex.

Andrena spectabilis, Smith.

T found this in the Oxford Museum. General aspect of

A. morio, Brullé, but not so large, with white hair at sides

of face, and area of metathororax with strong wrinkled ruge.

Andrena concinna, Smith.

Oxford Museum, Stigma small and slender; hair at end

of abdomen clear light ferruginous. In the 8S. S. Saunders

collection is a male supposed to be concinna, but, as

lk). Saunders remarks in an appended note, the association

cannot be proved correct.

Records of Bees. 549

Andrena subglobosa, Dours.

In the S. S. Saunders colleclion is a note by E. Saunders,

querying whether this may be identical with pallidicineta,

Brullé.

Andrena breviscopa, Pérez.

? in Mr. Morice’s collection. Third s.m. very long;

second s.m. receiving r.n. in middle ; area of metathorax

granular, the whole metathorax covered with long hair ;

hair of thorax above fulvous, bright on scutellum; stigma

ferruginous with dark margin. General aspect of afzeliella

and wilkella.

Epicharis albofasciata, Smith.

This has been regarded as the same as EF. maculata, Smith.

I examined the types in British Museum. £. albofasciata

has the bands yellow, not white. KH. maculata type (?)

has two yellow spots on scutellum ; albofasciata (8) has a

broad band. There is another specimen of a/bofasciata from

Para, and many are from San Feliz, Panama (Champion).

Epicharis cockerelli, Friese.

The British Museum has a pair from Ducke. In the 9

there are four large yellow spots on each side of the black

abdomen ; in the ¢ entire bands, the first deeply notched

in front.

Epicharis duckei, Friese.

The ? has a large yellow patch on each side of second

abdominal segment; the ¢ has an entire band, with anterior

margin coneave. LH. duckei has a yellow band on scutellum,

wanting in cockerelli.

Halictus inornatus, Bingham.

S. Africa. Oxford Museum. About 9°5 mm. long;

black ; area of metathorax short, dull, and rugose ; pale

tomentum at bases of abdominal segments ; hind spur

pectinate, with stout spines.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. x. 37

550 Mr. O. Thomas on a

Halicius cariniventris flavotectus, subsp. n.

¢ .—Head and thorax somewhat more robust ; mandibles

red in middle ; abdomen above more densely pubescent,

with bright yellowish hair hiding the surface. Wings

shghtly greyish.

Quetta, India, July 1903 (Nurse).

The specimen of H. cariniventris, Morawitz, used for com-

parison was collected at Buda by Friese, May 29, 1886, and

was referred by him to that species with some doubt.

Morawitz described the species from the male, collected in

Turkestan ; in 1895 Dalla Torre and Friese recorded it from

the Caucasus. I have not been able to see any Asiatic

material of true cariniventris, and it is possible that when

females are obtained in Turkestan, they will prove identical

with the Quetta form. ;

Compared with H. vestitus, Lep., flavotectus is easily

distinguished by being much larger and more robust, with

yellow instead of white tomentum on abdomen. The meso-

thorax and scutellum are yellow-green, while in vestitus they

are dark blue-green.

Megachile marginata, Smith.

I saw the type (?) at Oxford. There is a strong band

of tomentum in scutello-mesothoracic suture ; abdominal

bands very light and distinct ; eyes light red ; ventral scopa

black on last segment and fuscous on apex of penultimate

one.

LVII.—A new Species of Mastacomys from a Cave in South

Australia. By OLDFIELD THOMAS.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

AMONG some rodent-remains found in guano-caves in 8, Aus-

tralia, presented to the Museum by Prof. Wood-Jones, and

illustrative of his paper on the molar roots of Muride, there

occurs the upper jaw of a Mastacomys—a genus as yet only

known from one Tasmanian example, the type of I. fuscus,

SSRI E EK ce eee

new Species of Mastacomys. 551

one immature specimen. from Victoria, and some cave-

an ktia te Tow S ales #

remains from New South Wales *.

The Victorian and New South Wales specimens are both

of just about the same size as the original ‘Tasmanian

example.

But the South-Australian one is considerably smaller, and

obviously of a different species. It may be called

Mastacomys mordicus, sp. n.

Size, as gauged by teeth, only about three-fourths of that

of M. fusens. Teeth quite similar in structure to those of

that animal,

Skull apparently lower in proportion, at least anteriorly,

the zygomatic plate measuring in height only about 5°7 mm.

from the upper bridge to the lower edge of the foramen,

while in the type of fuseus this measurement is 6°9 mm.

Anterior edge of plate deeply and abruptly cut out to a depth

equal to half its height, that of fuscus only evenly but slightly

concave.

The molar roots are as follows:—J/', a large antero-

external, a small postero-external, and two smaller inner,

near together, therefore four in all; m*, four subequal roots,

placed in a square ; m°, three roots, two large anterior level

with each other, anda large median posterior, This arrange-

ment is not at all like that of any of the forms illustrated in

Prof. Wood-Jones’s recent paper on the subject.

Length of the molar tooth-row, alveolar 9°1 mm., grinding-

surface (unworn) 7*2 (respectively 1O°L and 8°5 mm, in

M. fuscus) ; greatest breadth of m* 3:0.

Hab. Mt. Gambier district, S. Australia. Type from a

guano-cave.

Type. A right maxilla, with the three molars. BM.

no. 22. 10.1.3. Presented by Prof. Ff. Wood-Jones.

While the Eastern forms from New South Wales and

Tasmania are all of about the same size, this South-Australian

species is readily distinguishable by its much smaller

dimensions.

Whether it is still to be numbered among the recent fauna

of South Australia remains to be proved,

* The specimens from Central Australia referred by Mr, Waite (Zool.

Horn Exp. p. 406, fig. 6, 1896) to Mastacomys would seem to be either

Rattus or Pseudomys. ‘The molars are not broad enough in proportion

to their length for those of Wastacomys.

552 On a new Jird from Southern Palestine.

LVIIL.—A new Jird (Meriones) from Southern Palestine.

By OLpFIELD THOMAS.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Mr. P. A. Buxton, the donor of so many interesting mammals

from Palestine and Mesopotamia to the National Museum,

has now sent three examples of a Meriones of the “6” group,

allied to MZ. /ybicus and syrius, but evidently distinct from

both. It may be called

Meriones sacramenti*, sp. n.

General colour above as in M, syrius, though the light

eye- and ear-patches area little more evident. Under surface

wholly white to the bases of the hairs, while in both syréus

and /ybicus the hairs are slaty at their bases. Tail buffy like

the body for its basal part, not ochraceous, its end tufted and

blackened as in the allied species, the extreme tip white in

the type (imperfect in the other two specimens).

Skull of the same size as in lybicus and syrius, and with

similarly developed bulle and supra-meatal triangles, all

three being members of group 6 of my paper on the genus f.

But the interorbital width is markedly narrower than in

either, a character evidently diagnostic of the species.

Dimensions (measured in the flesh) :—

Head and body 160 mm.; tail 150; hind foot 36;

ear 18°5.

Skull: median length 40; greatest diagonal length 41°6 ;

condylo-incisive length 32 ; nasals 15-2; interorbital breadth

6-1; meatal breadth 23°8; palatine foramina 7°8; upper

molar series 5°9.

Hab. Southern Palestine. Type from .10 miles south of

Beer-sheba.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 22. 10. 4. 1. Original

number 529. Collected 17th July, 1922, and presented by

P. A. Buxton, Esq. ‘Three specimens examined.

This South-Palestine Jird ig only nearly related to the

above two species of the 6 group, and from these may be

* Beer-sheba=the well of the oath or covenant (sacramentum).

+ Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (9) ili. p. 263 (1919).

Bibliographical Notice. 553

readily distinguished by its narrow interorbital space and

wholly white under surface.

For members of the genus JMJeriones the name Jird, first

introduced by Shaw in 1738, and spasmodically used by

various authors ever since, may well be adopted as a standard

vernacular term, the word Gerbil being restricted to Gerbillus

and its nearer allies.

LIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTICE.

The Coccidee of Ceylon.—Part V. By E. E. Green,

Dulau & Co, 1922.

Tue last part of Green’s monumental work on the Coccide of

Ceylon has appeared. Like the preceding parts, the work is

profusely illustrated, the plates being done from drawings by the

author himself; each species is very carefully delineated, and many

of the figures coloured. ‘Though the price is high (£3), considering

the class of work and the cost of production it is uot excessive.

By the conclusion of the work the author has contributed in no

small way in placing the study of the Coccide upon a footing, from

a systematic point of view, such as few families of insects have

reached. The work is not only a description of the adult insect

itself; in nearly all cases the early stages are described, and very

valuable field-notes, made by the author while in Ceylon, are

included. In the present part the Eriococcine, Dactylopiinz,

Tachardiine, Ortheziine, Margarodinw, and Monophlebine are

dealt with. Six new genera, twenty-seven new species, and several

new varieties are described. The author’s conception of the limits

of the genus Monophlebus—and he is probably right—is wider than

that of some other authors, the genera Drosicha, Llaveia, Tessara-

bolus, Ortonia, Guerinia, and Monophlebulus being sunk as synonyms.

Two appendices are added, the first correcting, emending, or adding

to the previous parts, and the second giving a very useful list of

those species of Coccidse which have been described as new or

recorded from Ceylon since the various parts were first published.

PROCEEDINGS OF LEARNED SOCIETIES.

GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

May 24th, 1922.—Prof. A. C. Seward, Sc.D., F.R.S., President, and

afterwards Dr. G, T. Prior, F.R.S., Vice-President,in the Chair,

The PrestpEent then proceeded to deliver a lecture (illustrated

504 Geological Society.

by lantern-slides, microscope-slides, specimens of rocks, fossils, and

plants) entitled ‘Geological Notes on Western Greenland.’

He remarked that Greenland isa ‘closed’ country ; the trade is a

monopoly of the Danish Government, and no foreigners or Danes

other than Government officials are allowed to go there without

special permission. On June 15th, 1921, the Lecturer left Copen-

hagen, accompanied by Mr. R. E. Holttum, of St. John’s College,

with the primary object of collecting fossil and recent plants

on Disco Island and at other localities between lat. 69° N. and

71° N. Godthaab was reached on June 28th, and Godhavn (Disco

Island) on July 4th. Rather more than three weeks were passed

at the Arctic Station at Godhavn with Mr. Porsild, the Director,

who rendered invaluable service. The Arctic Station, which was

planned and directed by Mr. Porsild, was afterwards taken over

and subsidized by the Danish Government. In the course of two

motor-boat excursions, a distance of over 600 miles was covered ;

many localities were visited on the northern and north-eastern

coasts of Disco Island, on the coast of Nugsuak Peninsula, also

Hare Island, Upernivik Island, Ritenbenk, Sarkak, and Jakobshavn.

Greenland is an island nearly 1700 miles long, with an average

breadth of about 600 miles; approximately a hundred glaciers

from the inland ice reach the sea, the largest of which (the

Humboldt Glacier) ends in a cliff 60 miles broad. In the course

of the lecture attention was called to the various forms of icebergs

seen in Greenland waters, and to the views expressed by Mereanton

on the origin of the various types. A brief account was given of

some of the characteristic types of vegetation. A general account

of the physical and geological features of Greenland as a whole

was followed by a more detailed description of the Cretaceous and

Tertiary sedimentary series of Disco Island and the Nugsuak

Peninsula, and of the overlying and protecting basalts which in

some places rest directly upon the old Archzan land-surface, to

the exclusion of the sedimentary series. Special attention was

directed to the nature of the sedimentary rocks (most of which

are freshwater in origin), to the occurrence of raised beaches, to

evidence of recent sinking of parts of the western coast, and

to some of the more striking examples of dykes and sills in the

Cretaceous and Tertiary sedimentary series.

No attempt was made to describe the paleobotanical results ;

but allusion was made to some of the problems presented by the

Cretaceous and Tertiary floras.

A hearty vote of thanks was unanimously accorded to the -

Lecturer.

Miscellaneous. 555

MISCELLANEOUS.

On the Dates of Cuvier,‘ Le Regne Animal,’ etc. (Disciples Edition),

By C. Davies Suprsorn.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

SEVERAL enquiries have recently reached me for the dates of this

book. So far as I know, they are unknown, but in a valuable copy

now in the Geological Library of the British Museum (Nat. Hist.)

the dates of receipt of the various parts at the British Museum have

been carefully recorded. As these give approximately the dates of

publication, I append a list :—

Mammiféres :

Pp.1- 8. 6. x. 1840. Pp. 97-104. 9. ii. 1843.

- 16. 3. vii. 1841. -120. 11. v. 1843.

— 24, 5. i, 1842. -136. 10. viii. 1843.

— 32. 1. iv. 1842. -144, 7. xii. 1843.

— 48. 9. ii. 1843. -160. 7. iii. 1844.

- 56. 7. iii, 1844. -168. 5. vi. 1844.

- 94.17. i. 1845. -176. 26, vii. 1844.

1- 56. 6. vi. 1838. -184. 11. xii. 1845 [? 44).

- 64. 8. xi. 1838. ~208. 17. i. 1845.

- 72. 4. vi. 1839. -248. 12. vi. 1845.

- 80. 6. x. 1840. -328, 11. xii, 1845.

- 88. 5. i. 1842. -350. 12. xi. 1846,

- 96. 1. x. 1842.

Oiseaux :

Pp. 1= 50. 6. vi. 1838. Pp. 123-138. 9. xi. 1841.

- 66, 11. x. 1838. -146. 5. i. 1842.

— 74. 16. iv. 1839. -162. 1. iy. 1842.

- 82, 10. viii. 1839. -170, 28. vi. 1842.

- 90. 7. iii. 1844* -218. 1. x. 1842.

- 98. 9. i. 1840. -258, 8. xii. 1842.

-106. 2. vii. 1840. -298. 9. ii. 1843.

—114. 10. ii. 1841. -370. 11. v. 1843.

-122. 5. i. 1842*.

Reptiles :

Pp. 1- 32. 6. vi. 1838. * Pp. 65- 72. 6. “x. 1840.

® -48. 9. i. 1840. — 80, 10. ii, 1841.

- 64. 2, vii. 1840. -169. 28. vi. 1842.

Pisces :

Pp. 1- 24. 6. vi. 1838. Pp. 121-136. 10. ii. 1841.

- 40. 11. x. 1838. -152, 3. vii. 1841.

- 48. 4. vi. 1839. -176. 9. xi, 1841.

- 64. 9. i. 1840. -184. 5. i. 1842.

= 92. 6, x, 1840. -192, 9. ii. 1843.

- 80. 9. i. 1840. -200. 1. iv. 1842.

- 96. 2. vii. 1840. -360. 1. x. 1842.

-120. 6. x. 1840. ~392. 11. v. 1843.

* Obviously imperfections supplied later,

556 Miscellaneous.

Mollusques :

Pp. i-xil. 9. xi. 1841. Pp. 145-152. 9.

—Xx. 8. xii. 1842, —160. 6.

-xxvili. 7. xii. 1843. -168. 2.

-xxxvi. 7. iii. 1844. -176. 6.

l- 8. 6. vi. 1838. -184. 9.

- 80. 6. vi. 1838. -208. 11.

=l12... 11. - x. 183e, —224, 10.

-128. 16. iv. 1839. -240. 7.

*-136. 4. vi. 1839. -266. 5.

-144. 10. viii. 1889.

Arachnides :

Pp. l- 32. 6. vi. 1858. Pp. 49- 56. 12.

- 40. 5. i. 1842. -106. 14.

— 48. 13. vii. 1846.

Annelides:

Pp. 1l- 8. 6. -vi. 1838. Pp, 33- 40. 8.

— 16. 16, -iv. 1839. - 48. 6.

— 24. . 3. vii. 1841. = De TD:

— 32. 11. _ v. 1843.

Zoophytes : ,

Pp. 1- 24. 6. vi. 1838. Pp. 80- 88. 8.

- 40. 11. x. 1838. ‘= 96.14.

— 48. 16. ‘iv. 1839. —104. 14.

— 64. 12. vi. 1845. -120. 8.

— 72. 13. iv. 1847. -128. 6.

- 80. 2. vii. 1847. -160. 138.

Insectes (Mrr. to CoLzor?.):

Pp. v-xii. 12. vi. 1845. Pp. 113-120.. 1.

l- 8. 6. vi. 1838. 128. 8.

- 16. 13. vii. 1846 *. -148. 9.

-— 56. 6. vi. 1838. —154. 11.

— 64, 16. iv. 1839. -202. 10.

- 72. 9. i. 1840. —242. 7.

- 80. 6. x. 1840. -324.. 7.

- 88. 3. vii. 1841. 402. 5.

-104. 9. xi. 1841. 442. 26.

-112. 5.. i. 1842. -d07, 17.

(Orrnopr. to Dipt.):

Pp. l- 8. No date. Pp. 387-352, 2.

— 48. 12. vi. 1845. -360. 8.

—144. 11. xii. 1845. -368. 15.

-192. 14.- ii. 1846. -384. 6.

—232. 13. vii. 1846. -392. 14.

~320. 12. xi. 1846. —443. 5,

-336. 13. iv. 1847.

As neither the plates nor the explanations to plates are dated, I

presume they accompanied the text.

* Obviously imperfections supplied later.

Vii.

vii.

MOTI

THE ANNALS

MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY,

[NINTH SERLES.]

No. 60. DECEMBER 1922.

LIX .—WNew or little-known Tipulidee(Diptera).—XI1. Austra-

lasian Species. By Cuarues P. ALexanper, Ph.D., F.E.S.,

Amherst, Massachusetts, U.S.A.

THe new species described at this time were collected in

various parts of New Zealand by Messrs. Campbell, Harris,

Howes, Gourlay, Stuart Lindsay, Oliver, and Watt, as

stated in other instalments nnder this title. My sincere

thanks are extended to those collectors who have done so

much toward making known the Tipuloidean fauna of New

Zealand. The types are preserved in the writer’s collection.

Dicranomyia megastigmosa, sp. n.

Related to D. sperata; stigma very large, especially in the

male; cell 1st M, open by the atrophy of the outer deflec-

tion of M;.

Male.—Length 6°2 mm. ; wing 9-9°2 mm.

Female.—Length 10 mm.; wing 10°8 mm.

Rostrum and palpi black. Antenne black throughout ;

flagellar segments oval. Head black.

Mesonotal prascutum grey with a very broad median and

less conspicuous lateral brownish-black stripes ; scutal lobes

black, the median area pale; scutellum pale; postnotum

dark, pruinose. Pleura dark, pruinose. Halteres yellow,

the knobs dark brown. Legs with the fore and middle cox

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. x. 38

558 Dr. C. P. Alexander on

erey-pruinose, yellow apically ; posterior cox yellow ; tro-

chanters obscure yellow; remainder of the legs black, the

femoral bases narrowly obscure yellow. Wings whitish sub-

hyaline, including the costal cell ; stigma large, especially in

the male, where it fills virtually all of cells lst R,, Sc,, and

the base of 2nd R, ; in the female, the stigma is smaller, but

still much larger than in D. sperata; wing-tip broadly infus-

cated ; brown clouds in base of cell J/, the distal ends of the

anal cells, and at the anal lobe ; veins Cu, Cu, aud the cord

seamed with dusky; anal angle, cell R, the distal half of

cell M, Cu,, and a large space beyond the stigma whitish sub-

hyaline; wing-base narrowly yellowish; veins dark brown.

Veuation: Sc, ending opposite or beyond mid-length of Fs ;

r very long and arcuated; cell 1st J/, open by the atrophy

of the outer deflection of M;; basal deflection of Cu, a little

less than its own length beyond the fork of M.

Abdomen dark brown, the sternites greyish pruinose.

Male hypopygium reddish brown, the fleshy lobe on the

ventral face of each pleurite a little stouter than in sperata ;

wesal lobe of gonapophyses more slender than in sperata.

Valves of the ovipositor slender and straight, but relatively

short.

Hab. New Zealand (South Island).

Holotype, 8, Ben Lomond, Otago, altitude 4000 feet,

January 2, 1922 (G. Howes).

Allotopotype, 2 .

Paratopotypes, 3 3 3.

Closely related to D. sperata, Alex., differing chiefly in the

very large stigma and the open cell lst M,.

/“Molophilus banksianus, sp. 0.

Male.—Length 4mm.; wing 3°4-3°5 mm.

Described from alcoholic specimens.

Closely related to M. luteipygus, from which it differs as

follows :—

Mesonotal prescutum with three confluent dark brown

stripes, the lateral ones of which continue caudad on to the

scutal lobes. A broad, yellowish, longitudinal stripe across

the ventral pleurites, passing immediately beneath the wing-

root, the dorsal pleurites abruptly dark; sternites laterally

paler brown. Halteres dark, the knobs pale. Legs pale,

the tibiz and metatarsi tipped with darker. Wings tinged

with grey, the stigmal region vaguely darkened. Venation :

basal deflection of Cu, trausverse, straight, so the inner end

new or little-known Tipulidae. 559

of cell M, lies a little proximad of that of cell Cu,; vein

2nd A lying opposite the fork of Cu.

Abdomen dark brown, the incisures conspicuously pale (in

alcoholic material). Male hypopygium with the ventral

pleural appendage long and slender, straight, blackened

almost to the base, the distal third with appressed but con-

spicuous chitinized teeth ; apex of each pleurite produced

into a stout, more or less decurved hook.

Hab. New Zealand (South Island).

Holotype, 3, Mt. Fitzgerald, Little River, Banks Penin-

sula, Canterbury, altitude 1500 feet, January 24, 1922

(E. S. Gourlay).

Paratopotype, 2.

Associated with JZ. luteipygus, Alex., the two species

preyed upon by a small Empidid fly.

Molophilus pictipleura, sp. u.

General coloration brown; antennze short; sublateral

margins of prescutum dark brown ; pleura yellow with two

conspicuous, dark brown, longitudinal stripes ; wings broad,

light grey, highly iridescent; basal section of R,,3 long,

angulated before mid-length; male hypopygium with the

basal pleural appendage small, straight, feebly denticulate

near apex.

Male.—Length about 3mm.; wing 3°8 mm.

Antenne short. Head injured in the unique type.

Mesonotal przscutum light yellowish brown, margined

sublaterally with dark brown, the lateral margins broadly

light yellow. Pleura yellow with a broad dorsal and a nar-

rower ventral dark brown longitudinal stripe, the dorsal

stripe about as broad as the yellow stripe ventrad of it.

Halteres yellow, the knobs broken. Legs with the cox

and trochanters yellow; remainder of the legs broken.

Wings broad, light grey, highly iridescent, the base aud the

region of the cord faintly infuscated; veins pale. Venation:

basal section of R,,3 long, angulated before mid-length ;

petiole of cell 1/; a little shorter than the basal section of

M,,5; vein 2nd A feebly sinuous, ending about opposite

one-fourth the length of the petiole of cell M;.

Abdomen dark brown. Male hypopygium with the basal

pleural appendage small, straight, stout at base, narrowed to

the subacute apex which is feebly denticulate ; distal pleural

appendage large, the mesal lobe long and straight, acute,

the lateral lobe broader, slightly widened distally.

35*

560 Dr. C. P. Alexander on

Hab. New Zealand (South Island).

Holotype, 3 , Waipori, Otago, altitude 2000 feet, December 5,

1921 (G. Howes.

Molophilus flagellifer, sp. n.

Mesonotum light brown, the pleura dark brown; antennz

short in both sexes; halteres brown, the base and knobs

yellow; wings faintly tinged with brown; basal pleural

appendage of hypopygium a straight rod that is produced at

apex into a long, flagelliform point, directed laterad.

Male.—Length about 3-5 mm.; wing 4:3 mm.

Female.—Levgth 4mm.; wing 4°6 mm.

Rostrum obscure yellow; palpi brownish black. Antennz

short in both sexes, the basal segments obscure yellow, the

flagellum pale brown with the bases of the individual seg-

ments a little darkened. Head dark brown, the anterior

part of the vertex yellow.

Lateral margins of pronotal scutellum yellow. Mesonotum

pale brown, the median area of the preescutum slightly

daiker anteriorly. Pleura and lateral sclerites of postnotum

dark brown throughout. Halteres brown, the base of the

stem and the knobs yellowish. Legs with the coxe and

trochanters obscure ye!low; remainder of the legs brownish

testaceous with dark brown trichiz. Wings faintly tinged

with brown ; veins pale brown; macrotrichiz dark brown.

Venation: vein 2nd A elongate, ending beyond mid-length

of the first section of J/;,..

Abdomen daik brown, the sternites paler. Male hypo-

pygium with the basal pleural appendage a stout straight

arm that tapers gradually to the apex which is abruptly bent.

at right angles into a long, acute, chitinized point that is

directed laterad.

Hab. New Zealand (North Island).

Holotype, 3, Mt. Ruapehu, altitude 3700 feet, January 6,

1922 (M. N. Waitt).

Allotopotype, 2.

Paratopotypes, 4 3 3.

Molophilus niveicinctus, sp. 0.

Mesonotum light brown, the margins of the praescutum

broadly sulphur-yellow; knobs of the halteres yellow; legs

dark brown, with three broad white rings, two on the tibiz

and one before the apex of the metatarsus; basal pleural

new or little-known Tipulide. 561

appendage of male hypopygium a short straight rod that

tapers to the subacute tip.

Male.—Length about 2°8 mm. ; wing 3°8 mm,

Head broken.

Mesonotum light brown, the margin of the prescutum

to the wing-root broadly and conspicuously sulphur-yellow.

Pleura dark brown. Halteres pale brown, the knobs con-

spicuously sulphur-yellow. Legs with the coxze and tro-

chanters brown ; femora dark brown, a little paler at base ;

tibiw alternately white and dark brown, the base and a sub-

terminal ring white, the apex and a subbasal ring dark, these

four annuli approximately equal in extent; metatarsi dark

brown with a broad white ring before the apex, this ring

subequal to or broader than the dark base ; remainder of the

tarsi dark brown. Wings faintly tinged with brown, the

costal region more yellowish; macrotrichiz pale brown.

Venation: 2nd A elongate.

Abdomen dark brown, with conspicuous yellow sete. Male

hypopygium with the basal pleural appendage a short

straight rod that tapers to the subacute apex. Distal pleural

appendage with a deep U-shaped apical notch.

Hab. New Zealand (North Island).

Holotype, 3, Mt. Ruapehu, altitude 3700 feet, January 6,

1922 (M. N. Watt).

Molophilus niveicinctus is allied to Jf, multicinctus, Edw.,

and M. infantulus, Edw.

Molophilus lindsayi oliveri, subsp. n.

Male.— Length about 4°55 mm.; wing 5*4 mm,

Described from an alcoholic specimen.

Close to typical lindsayi, differing as follows :—

Size larger. Wings with the veins darker and con-

sequently more distinct. /%s with a short spur at origin ;

deflection of R; conspicuously shorter than 7-m, transverse

in position. Male hypopygium with both appendages ter-

minal in position as in dindsayi; lateral appendage almost

straight basally, at about one-third the length gently curved,

at two-thirds the length strongly curved, just before the tip

slightly dilated and thence rapidly narrowed to the acute

apex. In typical dindsayi this appendage is not conspicuously

dilated before the apex, but at this point bears a small but

conspicuous appressed tooth,

Hab. North Island (South Island).

562 Dr. C. P. Alexander on

Holotype, 8, Lake Wakatipu, Otago, December 1921

(F. S. Oliver).

This interesting crane-fly is named in honour of its

collector. More material may give this form full specific

rank.

Molophilus gourlayi, sp. n.

General coloration brown; antennz of male very long ;

wings long and narrow, brownish grey ; cell R, very short-

petiolate; male hypopygium with a single small pleural

appendage, this terminal in position.

Male.—Length about 3°-4mm.; wing 4°2 mm.

Rostrum and palpi testaceous. Antenne of male very

long, about one-half longer than the entire body ; scape

pale brown; flagellum dark brown, the apical part of each

segment shiny black; flagellar segments with approximately

the basal half enlarged and provided with conspicuous erect

sete, near mid-length narrowed into a slender neck. Head

dark, dusted with grey.

Pronotum laterally obscure yellow. Mesonotum uniformly

brown. Pleura obscure brownish yellow. Halteres pale

brown. Legs with the coxz and trochanters obscure yellow;

remainder of the legs brown, passing into darker brown on

the tarsi. Wings unusually long and narrow, tinged with

brownish grey ; veins pale brown. Venation: cell R, very

short-petiolate (instead of sessile, as usual in the genus) ;

r a little more than its length beyond the fork; basal

deflection of Cu, at the fork of M, transverse.

Abdomen brown. Hypopygium with the pleurites stout,

with a single pleural appendage, this terminal in position,

broad at base, a little narrowed to the blunt apex which

is densely set on the mesal face with small spinules. The

gonapophyses and penis-guard taken together appear as a

roughly quadrangular chitinized mass at the base of the

pleurites.

Hab. New Zealand (South Island).

Holotype, 3, Little River, Mt. Fitzgerald, Banks Penin-

sula, Canterbury, altitude 1500 feet, January 24, 1922

(#. S. Gourlay).

This interesting crane-fly is named after its collector,

Mr. E. S. Gourlay, to whom the writer is indebted for much

interesting material from Banks Peninsula and the vicinity

of Christchurch. The strict generic position of this very

isolated species must be considered as being in doubt. The

petiolate cell R, would place the fly near Hrioptera, and it is

sings

new or little-known Tipulidze, 563

possible that more material will demonstrate that a new

group is unecessary for its reception, A slight proximad

shifting of the base of vein R, would make a Molophilus of

this species, as far as venation is concerned, but the male

genitalia are not of the strict Wolophilus type. The antennze

somewhat resemble those of species of Amphineurus of the

insulsus group, but are even more like those of Molophilus

quadrifidus, Alex.

Amphineurus gracilisentis, sp. n.

Male.—Length about 44-48 mm. ; wing 5°3-5°8 mm.

Closely related to A. otagensis, differing as follows :—

The component parts of the hypopygium are all unusually

long and slender. Ninth tergite with two long parallel

lobes, the tips of each obtusely rounded, the notch separating

these lobes about as wide as one lobe and of this same

general outline. Distal pleural appendage very small,

appearing as a slender curved spine, with the lateral spinule

(thumb) long, straight, divergent, nearly as long as the

slightly stouter apical point. Gonapophyses long and

slender, straight, lying parallel to the slender penis-guard,

the apex of each a little dilated, each apophysis a little

shorter than the guard and closely appressed to it.

Hab. New Zealand (North Island).

Holotype, 3, Mt. Ruapehu, altitude 3700 feet, January 6,

1922 (M. N. Waitt).

Allotype, 2, Ohakune, July 1921 (7. R. Harris).

Paratopotype, 3; paratypes, 10 g 2, alcoholic, Ohakune,

altitude 2060 feet, July 1921 (7. R. Harris).

Amphineurus pressus, sp. 0).

Allied to A. perdecorus; wings pale brown, darker in the

stigmal area, the macrotrichiz dark ; legs unicolorous ; cell

lst M, present; Rs square and spurred at origin; Sc, before

mid-length of Sc; male hypopygium with the basal pleural

appendage elongate, slender, the margins smooth; gona-

pophyses approximated basally, bent laterad and gradually

narrowed to the blunt tips.

Male.—Length about 5 mm.; wing 5°5 mm.

Female.—Length about 5°5 mm.; wing 6°*4 mm.

Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antenne dark brown,

the apex of the second scapal segment paler. Head dark

greyish brown.

Pronotum yellowish laterally. Mesonotum dark brown,

564 Dr. C. P. Alexander on

the humeral triangles of the prascutum obscure yellow.

Pleura dark brown with patches of flattened white sete,

in the female these more delicate, hair-like, and darker.

Halteres yellow, the distal half of the stem darker. Legs

with the coxze and trochanters concolorous with the pleura ;

legs of the type broken; allotype with the legs pale brownish

testaceous, the terminal tarsal segments darker. Wings pale

brown, darker in the stigmal area, paler before the stigma

and cord; macrotrichie dark brown; veins mostly pale.

Venation: Sc, far before the origin of Ps, before mid-length

of Sc; Rs square and spurred at origin ; cell R, sessile or

extremely short-petiolate; 7 on R, about one and one-half

times its length beyond the base; cell 1s¢ A, small, closed,

the veins beyond it elongate ; basal deflection of Cu, beyond

the fork of J/, subtransverse in position, vein 2nd A elon-

gate, ending opposite or slightly before the level of the fork

of Cu.

Abdomen dark brown. Valves of the ovipositor elongate.

Male hypopygium with the pleurites produced into mode-

rately elongate, fleshy lobes that taper to the narrow tips ;

basal pleural appendage elongate, slender, gently arcuated,

the margins smooth, the tip acute. The cephalic distal

appendage is slender, the margin microscopically serrulate.

Gonapophyses approximated at base, narrowed and strongly

arcuated to the blunt tips, which are directed laterad and

finally cephalad.

Hab. New Zealand (both Islands).

Holotype, 8, South Island, exact locality unknown, but

possibly Blackball, Westland (J. W. Campbell).

Allotyve, 2 , Mt. Ruapehu, North Island, altitude 3700 feet,

January 6, 1922 (M. N. Wait).

Amphineurus nox, sp. 1.

Male.—Length about 6 mm.; wing 6 mm.

Closely related to A. campbell, differing as follows :—

General coloration black. Rostrum and palpi black.

Autennz broken beyond the scape. Pronotum conspicuously

yellow, only uarrowly darker in the middle. Mesonotum

black, the prescutum with each humeral angle obscure

yellow, this elongate-triangular area enclosing the pseudo-

sutural foveze. Pleura black, with a small yellow spot on

the mesepimeron. MHalteres broken. Legs with the fore

cox black, the other coxe brown; remainder of the legs

brown. Wings broad, pale brown with conspicuous dark

brown macrotrichie. Venation: Rs long, almost square at

new or little-known Tipulide. 565

origin; R,,3 very short, less than one-half the basal deflec-

tion of R,,;; r on Ry, about its own length beyond the fork ;

basal deflection of Cu, beyond the fork of M; cell Ist M,

relatively small ; basal deflection of Cu, subtransverse.

Abdomen dark brown, including the hypopygium. Male

hypopygium with the pleurites greatly elongated as in

campbelli, the distal appendages lying at about the basal

third. Gonapophyses with the bend deeper than in campbelli,

the distal poimt being less extensively chitinized.

Hab. New Zealand (South Island).

Holotype, $, Glentui, Canterbury, December 1921

(Stuart Lindsay).

Gnophomyia (?) alpina, sp. n.

General coloration dark brown; tuberculate pits on the

cephalic margin of the conically produced prscutum ; legs

pale brown, the tarsi black; tibize with erect sete; wings

yellowish brown, the stigma darker; basal deflection of Cu,

beyond mid-length of cell lst My.

Female.—Length about 5 mm. ; wing 4°8 mm.

Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antennz with the scape

black, the flagellum broken, Head black, sparsely pruinose.

Pronotum black medially, obscure brownish yellow late-

rally. Mesonotal przscutum dark brown medially, paler

brown laterally and caudally, sunshiny, the humeral region

a little paler; prascutum somewhat conically produced

cephalad, the large and conspicuous tuberculate pits located

far cephalad on the cephalic margin; remainder of the

mesonotum black. Pleura dark brown. Halteres light

yellow, the knobs darker, Legs with the fore cox dark,

the other coxze pale brown; trochanters obscure yellow ;

femora and tibiz pale brown, the tips of the tibiz and the

tarsi abruptly blackened; legs, especially the tibie, with

very conspicuous outspreading sete as in Trimicra and other

genera. Wings with a yellowish-brown suffusion, more

yellowish at the base, in the costal region, and along vein

Cu; stigma oval, brown; veins brown, more yellowish in

the region above mentioned. Venation: Sc, ending about

opposite two-thirds the length of Rs, Se, only a short

distance from the tip of Sc,, the latter alone about equal to

the deflection of R,,;; Rs elongate, about in alignment with

Ry.3, Which is a little arcuated and in aligument with R,;

ry faint, a little more than its own length from the tip of R,

and about one and one-half times its length beyond the fork

of Ry,3; inner ends of cells R;, R;,aud lst M, im alignment ;

566 Dr. C. P. Alexander on

cell lst M, elongate, widened distally, a little longer than

vein M, beyond it; basal deflection of Cu; at three-fifths

the length of cell Lst M,, only a little shorter than Cup.

Abdomen dark brownish black, the tergites a little paler

laterally. Ovipositor with the ‘valves long and slender,

acicular.

Hab. New Zealand (South Island).

Hniotore, aa Ben Lomond, Otago, altitude 4000 feet,

January 2, 1922 (G. Howes).

The generic reference of this unique fly is provisional

only. Certain features of its organization poimt to Xipho-

limnobia, Alex., of the Ethiopian and Oriental regions.

Limnophila obliquata, sp. n.

General coloration yellow; mesonotal prascutum with

four dark brown stripes; postnotum with two large dark

brown spots on posterior margin ; pleura marked with dark

brown ; femora yellow with two narrow dark brown rings ;

wings tinged with yellow, with a heavy brown non-ocellate

pattern ; cell Ist M, small; basal deflection of Cu, very long

and oblique, its origin before the level of the fork of M, its

apex near the distal end of cell lst M,; abdomen yellow,

the lateral margins of the segments with small black dots.

Female.—Length 15°5 mm.; wing 13 mm.

Described from an alcoholic specimen.

Rostrum obscure yellow; palpi brown. Antenne with ~

the scape and basal flagellar segment yellow ; remainder of

the flagellar segments indistinctly bicolorous, the basal half

than the apex; flagellar segments elongate. Head pale

brown.

Pronotum yellow. Propleura with a dark brown spot.

Mesonotum yellow, the prescutum with four brown stripes,

the intermediate pair subcontiguous, broadly obsolete ante-

riorly ; lateral margins of the preescutum infuscated ; scutum

yellow ; the centre of each lobe conspicuously dark brown ;

scutellum pale yellow; postnotum brownish yellow, the

posterior margin with two large, rounded, dark brown spots

that are narrowly margined with obscure yellow. Pleura

yellow; aconspicuous brown spot on the mesepisternum and

another on the sides of the mesosternum between the fore

and middle cox. Halteres elongate, brown, the knobs

yellow. Legs with the coxz and trochanters yellow; femora

brownish yellow basally, the distal] half clearer yellow, with

two narrow, dark brown, subterminal rings, the distal ring

about one-half as wide as the basal ring; tibize yellowish

new or little-known Tipulide. 567

brown; tarsi brown. Wings tinged with yellow, the base,

and cells C and Se brighter; a heavy, non-ocellate, brown

pattern distributed as follows: at A; bases of cells R and M,

extending to the costal margin ; at origin of Rs, extending

to C; end of Se; conspicuous seams along cord and outer

end of cell lst M,; spots at forks of R,,; and M,,, and at

ends of all the longitudinal veins, very large at the ends of

the anal veins ; most of the longitudinal veins seamed with

brown; veins brown, darker in the infuscated areas.

Venation: Sc, longer than Sc,; Rs elongate ; 7 about one

and one-half times its length from tip of R,; cell M, one-

half longer than its petiole; cell lst M, small, widened

distally ; basal deflection of Cu, very long and sinuous,

oblique, its origin proximad of the level of the fork of M

its apex only a short distance from the outer end of cell

lst M,; cell 2nd A comparatively long and narrow; anterior

arculus atrophied.

Abdominal tergites orange-yellow, the extreme lateral

margins of the basal segments with tiny black dots; ster-

nites similar, with a tiny black dot at the latero-cephalic

angle of each sclerite. Elongate tergal valves of the ovi-

positor dark brown.

Hab. New Zealand (North Island).

Holotype, alcoholic ?, Palmerston N., Wellington Pro-

vince, December 1921.

In spite of the non-ocellate character of its wing-pattern,

Limnophila obliquata is most nearly related to L. argus and

allied species.

Limnophila (Metalimnophila) simplicis, sp. un.

Male hypopygium simple in structure, the apical mesal

angle of the pieurite not produced into a lobe; eighth ster-

nite without a chitinized comb; outer pleural appendage

with a chitinized spine on margin before apex.

Male.—Length 7 mm., wing 7°3 mm.

Described from an alcoholic specimen.

Rostrum brown, the palpi darker. Antenne elongate ;

scape brownish yellow ; flagellum dark brown, the incisures

very narrowly and indistinctly pale. Head dark brown

-above, much brighter beneath.

Mesonotum brownish yellow, the prescutum with three

darker brown stripes; scutal lobes and base of scutellum

brown. Pleura yellow with a dorsal, brown, longitudinal

stripe as in the subgenus. MHalteres pale. Legs with the

cox yellow; trochanters brownish yellow; remainder.of

568 Dr. GC. P. Alexander on

legs broken. Wings with a pale greyish-yellow tinge ;

stigma oval, brown ; veins pale brown. Venation: Sc, and

Sc, subequal, ending just beyond the fork of Rs; R, strongly

angulated at origin; cell M, only about one-half its petiole ;

basal deflection of Cu, from one-third to one-half the length

of cell lst Mg.

Abdominal tergites dark brown, the sclerites a little paler

apically. Sternites obscure yellow with a large brown blotch

at the lateral margin of each sclerite. Male hypopygium of

very simple structure for a member of this subgenus, the

pleurites not produced into conspicuous lobes at the mesal

apical angle and the eighth sternite without a chitinized

comb. Outer pleural appendage black, the mesal face

deusely set with erect setee which pass into spines near the

distal end, the margin before the apex with a powerful

chitinized spine ; inner pleural appendage pale.

Hab. New Zealand (South Island). .

Holotype, alcoholic g, Lake Wakatipu, Otago, December

1921 (F. S. Oliver).

Limnophila (Metalimnophila) penicillata, sp. n.

General characters as in L. howesi ; mesal face of pleurites

of hypopygium with a dense brush of yellow sete; outer

pleural appendage truncate at apex.

Male.—Length about 5°2 mm.; wing 6°4 mm.

Rostrum and palpi black. Antennz elongate as in the

males of this subgenus, black throughout. Head dark,

dusted with tawny anteriorly, more greyish behind.

Mesonotum brown with a tawny pollen, the scutellum and

postnotum more pruinose. Pleura grey with a narrow but

very distinct, black, longitudinal stripe across the dorsal

sclerites. Halteres yellow, the knobs darker. Legs with

cox concolorous with the pleura; trochanters yellow ;

remainder of the legs dark brown, the femoral bases a little

paler. Wings narrower than in related species, tinged with

pale brown; stigma oval, pale brown; veins dark brown.

Venation: Sc, ending immediately before the fork of Rs,

Sc, at the tip of Sc, and equal to it; Rs arcuated ; cell R,

pointed at base; 7 very faint, without macrotrichiz, near

mid-distance between the fork of R,,3; and the tip of Ry;

cell M, very small, about one-third the length of its petiole ;

cell 1st M, likewise small, the basal deflection of Cu, near

the middle of its length.

Abdomen dark brown. Male hypopygium with the pleu-

rites stout, the apical mesal angles only slightly produced ;

‘

;

‘

new or little-known Tipulidee. 569

mesal face of each pleurite with a dense pencil of long

yellow bristles, directed caudad and slightly mesad. Outer

pleural appendage slender, narrow at base, thence dilated

into a narrow blade, the apex truncate; inner pleural ap-

pendage slender, straight, the apex obtuse (as in howesi).

Hab. New Zealand (South Island).

Holitype, 8, Ben Lomond, Otago, December 30, 1921

(G. Howes).

Gynoplistia luteibasis, sp. n.

General coloration (in alcohol) dark brown; antennz

15-segmented, the terminal four segments simple ; halteres

yellow; legs black, the femoral bases broadly yellow ; bases

of posterior metatarsi pale; wings subhyaline, the base

light yellow, the disk heavily marked with dark brown, this

including all of cells C, Se, Se,;, and M,; gonapophyses of

hypopygium appearing as stout, gently curved arms,

Male.—Length about 6 mm.; wing 6°2 mm.

Described from an alcoholic specimen.

Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antenne 15-segmented,

the formula being 2+2+7+4; antennze dark brown

throughout, the longest flabellation being about one-half the

length of the flagellum; pectination of ninth flagellar seg-

ment nearly twice the segment. Head brown, darker brown

medially above.

Mesonotum brown, the prescutum striped with darker

brown ; a patch of setz on the lateral margin of the scutum

dorso-cephalad of the wing-root. Pleura dark brown. Hal-

teres yellow. Legs with the cox dark brown; the fore

cox a little paler; trochanters light yellow ; femora dark

brown, the bases broadly light yellow, widest on the fore

femora where it includes more than the basal half, narrowest

on the posterior femora where a little more than the basal

third is included; remainder of the legs black, except the

basal half of the posterior metatarsi which is pale. Wings

subhyaline, the base conspicuously light yellow; a very

heavy brown pattern including all of cells C, all of Sc except

the prearcular portion, all of Sc,; conspicuous brown areas

in base of cell R, at origin of &s, scarcely attaining

vein M; a very broad seam at and beyond the cord, nar-

rowed posteriorly, the centre of cell lst M, pale ; wing-apex

broadly darkened, this including all of cell 1; and the broad

outer ends of all the other distal cells; brown clouds in

the basal half of cell Cu and the broad outer margins of the

anal cells; veins dark brown, yellow in the flavous wing-base.

570 Dr. C. P. Alexander on

Venation : 7 faint, on R, near three-fifths the length; cell WM,

shorter than its petiole; basal deflection of Cu, near two-

thirds the length of cell Ist M, ; vein 2nd A ending some

distance before the level of the origin of Rs.

Abdomen dark brown. Male hypopygium with the apical

mesal angle of each pleurite produced into a flattened

rounded lobe; outer pleural appendage a broad, flattened,

yellow blade. Gonapophyses appearing as stout arms that

are curved gently caudad and mesad, their apices blunt.

Hab. New Zealand (North Island).

Holotype, alcoholic g, Palmerston N., Wellington Pro-

vince, December 1921. .

Gynoplistia aurantiopyga, sp. 0.

General coloration (in alcohol) black, the hypopygium

bright orange; antenne 15-segmented; coxz black ; legs

dark brown, the tips of the femora and tibiz blackened ;

wings greyish subhyaline, with a rather diffuse brown

pattern.

Male.—Length 7°5 mm. ; wing 6°6-6°8 mm.

Female.—Length about 10 mm.; wing 7'8 mm.

Described from alcoholic specimens.

Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antenne 15-segmented,

the formula being 2+2+7-+4, the longest pectination being

about two-fifths the length of the flagellum, the pectination

of flagellar segment 9 more than twice the length of the

segment ; antenne dark brown. Head shiny black. :

Mesothorax shiny black. Halteres dusky. Legs with the

coxe black; trochanters obscure yellow; femora obscure

yellow, the apices rather broadly blackened ; tibize yellowish

brown, the tips narrowly infuscated; spurs very large;

tarsal segments brown, the tips darker, the terminal segments

more uniformly darkened. In the female the coxz are all

yellow. Wings greyish subhyaline, with a rather diffuse

brown pattern; cells C, Sc, and Sc, infuscated; base of

cell R darkened ; a circular brown cloud at origin of Rs; a

large quadrangular area at stigma, continued caudad along

the cord, the centre of cell 1st M, being largely pale ; wing-

tip indistinctly darkened ; a brown cloud near mid-length of

cell Cu, continued into cell lst _A; veins dark brown. Vena-

tion: R,,; very short; cell M, a little longer than its

petiole ; basal deflection of Cu, near mid-length of cell

lst M,.

Abdomen black, the hypopygium abruptly and very con-

spicuously orange. Male hypopygium with the apical angle

new or little-known Tipulide. 571

of the pleurites produced into a small beak-like lobe ; mesal

face of pleurite produced caudad and mesad into a lobe;

apex of inner pleural appendage slender. Gonapophyses

appearing as rods that are shaped somewhat like boomerangs,

bent near mid-length, the distal ends obtuse.

Hab. New Zealand (South Island).

Holotype, 8, Lake Wakatipu, Otago, December 1921

(F. S. Oliver).

Allotopotype, 2.

Paratopotype, 3.

Gynoplistia bidentata, sp. n.

General coloration shiny black, sometimes faintly greenish

black or blue-black, especially on the abdomen ; antennie

15-segmented, the terminal five segments simple; male

hypopygium with the gonapophyses deeply bifid at tips.

Male.— Length about 65-7 mm. ; wing 5°6-6 2 mm.

Female —Length about 8 mm. ; wing 6 mm,

Rostrum and palpi black. Antenne 15-segmented, the

formula being 2+24+6+5, the longest flabellation about

two-fifths the length of the flagellum; anteune entirely

black. Head shiny black.

Mesonotum shiny black. Pleura black, with a patch of

greyish-yellow pubescence on the mesepisternum. Halteres

pale, the knobs a little darker. Legs with the fore cox

black, the other coxz brownish black; trochanters brownish

black ; femora obscure yellow basally, black apically, the

yellow most extensive on the posterior legs, where only the

apices are darkened ; remainder of the legs black ; posterior

tarsi uniformly dark. Wings greyish subhyaline ; cell Se

infuscated ; a rather sparse dark brown pattern as follows :—

A circular area at origin of Rs, not attaining vein M in the

male, barely reaching this vein in the female; a relatively

narrow seam from the stigma along the cord and outer end

of cell lst M, ; wing-tip faintly darkened ; a more or less

distinct cloud at fork of M,,,.; faint clouds in outer ends of

cells Cu, and Cu, at mid-length of vein Cu, and in cell

2nd A; veins dark brown. Venation: cell M, slightly

variable in size, approximately equal to its petiole; basal

deflection of Cu, beyond mid-length of cell 1st M,.

Abdomen blue-black, the hypopygium a very little paler.

Male hypopygium with the apex of each pleurite produced

into two flattened lobes, one smaller and more obtusely

rounded than the other; gonapophyses deeply bifid, the

lateral tooth about twice the length of the mesal tooth :

572 On new or little-known Tipulidee.

penis-guard broad-based, tapering rapidly to the slender

apex. Ovipositor elongate, slender, reddish horn-colour.

Hab. New Zealand (South Island).

Holotype, 8, Ben Lomond, Otago, altitude 4000 feet,

January 2, 1922 (G. Howes).

Allotopotype, 2, December 30, 1921.

Paratopotypes, 7 3 3, with the types.

Gynoplistia bidentata purpurea, subsp. n.

Male.—Length about 7 mm. ; wing 7°2 mm.

Generally similar to typical dcdentata, differing as fol-

lows :—

Size larger. Pectinations of flagellar segments longer, the

longest more than one-half the length of the flagellum.

Pubescence of mesepisternum silvery-grey in colour, ap-

pearing as a narrow oblique line. Legs longer and more

slender. Wings with the apex distinctly clouded; clouds in

the outer ends of cells Cu, Cu, 1st A, where it is very large,

and a small spot in the extreme end of cell 2nd A. Abdomen

with intense purplish-blue reflections. Male hypopygium

with the extreme tip of the outer pleural appendage slightly

knobbed ; mesal face of pleurites less densely setiferous.

Hab. New Zealand (South Island).

Holotype, 8, Glentui, Canterbury, December 1921 (S.

Lindsay).

Gynoplistia bidentata differs from all similar species with

15-segmented antenne by the structure of the gonapophyses.

Macromastix mesocera, sp. n.

General coloration brown, the preescutum with three dark

brown stripes; antenne of male as long as the head and

thorax taken together ; setz on thorax short; wings infumed,

especially at base and in costal region.

Male.—Length 12 mm.; wing 14°2 mm.; antenna about

5 mm.

Frontal prolongation of the head and the paipi dark brown.

Antenne moderately elongate, about as long as the head

and thorax taken together, dark brown, the second segment

obscure yellow. Head rich fulvous, the vertical tubercle

entire ; a narrow pale margin adjoining the inner margin of

the eye.

Mesonotal prescutum pale brown, with three conspicuous

dark brown stripes, of which the median stripe is very indis-

tinctly split by a pale line ; scutum pale brown, the lobes

ee ee a

ee ee

Mr. J. R. Malloch on Exotic Muscaridee. 573

conspicuously marked with darker brown; scutellum and

postnotum light brown, the posterior margin of the latter

darker. Thorax with very short sete. Pleura grey, varie-

gated with brown, especially on the ventral sclerites ; dorso-

pleural membrane obscure yellow. Halteres brown, the

knobs obscure brownish yellow. Legs with the coxze brown ;

trochanters greenish; femora yellowish brown, the tips

rather narrowly but conspicuously blackened ; tibie pale

yellowish brown, the tips very narrowly blackened ; basal

tarsal segment bright brown, the terminal segments black-

ened. Wings strougly infumed, the caudal margin fading

into grey ; wing-base and cells C and Sc darker brown ;

stigma oval, dark brown ; a conspicuous brown cloud on the

basal deflection of R,y,; and r-m; a brown cloud in the

centre of cell R; a very small pale area before the stigma;

veins dark, the tips of the medial and anal veins subobsolete.

Venation: cell lst M, narrowed distally ; petiole of cell MW,

a little less than twice the length of m; m-—cu distinct; cell

2nd A broad.

Abdominal tergite 1 and the lateral margins of 2 reddish

yellow, the median area dark brown; remaining tergites

shiny dark brown, the caudal margins of the segments

narrowly blackened ; hypopygium dark.

Hab. New Zealand (South Island).

Holotype, 8, Dunedin, Otago, December 22, 1921 (G.

Howes).

LX.— Exotic Muscaride (Diptera)—VIIl.* By J. R.

Mattocu, Bureau of Biological Survey, Washington, D.C.

Subfamily Pzsoniw2.

Genus XenosrA, Malloch.

I erected this genus for the reception of one species,

ungulata, Stein. In my original definition of the genus, I

included the presence of fine hairs on the upper margin

of the hypopleura in front of the spiracle as one of the

characters of the genus. This applies to the genotype,

but not to morosa, Stein, which I consider may properly

be located in this genus. This character, therefore, must be

eliminated.

* For Part VII, see Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hist. (9) x., October 1922,

pp. 379-391.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. x. 39

574 Mr. J. R. Malloch on Fwotic Muscaride.

Xenosia ungulata (Stein).

One male, Punkullam, Ceylon, 13. i1.1891 (J. W.

Yerbury).

This specimen has a dense covering of mites on the ven-

tral surface and on the sides of the thorax anteriorly and

posteriorly.

Xenosia morosa (Stein).

A bluish-black species with greyish pruinescence on

thorax and abdomen; the antennz and palpi fuscous, and

the legs yellow. The antenne are long and rather slender,

the third segment about four times as long as second, and

the arista is much shorter-haired than in ungulata. The

anterior intra-alar bristle is absent as in that species, the

scutellum has some fine hairs on sides below, and the setulz

on first vein are confined to the basal half of the vein.

Three females, Nuwara Eliya, Ceylon, 6. v. 1891, and 12.

and 13. vil. 1892 (J. W. Yerbury).

This species was originally described from Ceylon.

The genus Miographa, Malloch, has the first vein setu-

lose, but on the apical instead of the basal half, and the

arista is pubescent, not plumose. I inadvertently cited the

genotype as intonsa, Stein, instead of tonsa, Stein. There is

no such species as Limnophora intonsa, Stein. This genus

is more nearly related to Limnophora than to Helina.

Helina fuscojlava, Malloch.

One female, Victoria, Australia (C. French).

African Cenosiine.

This subfamily is very well represented in Africa both as

to genera and species. ‘The adults are, so far as I know,

predacious, feeding upon small insects of other orders and

Diptera, especially small Nematocera. The larve of some

species feed in much decayed wood, especially tree-stumps,

aud others feed in rotting fruit. The genus Atherigona,

which is cosmopolitan in its distribution, is very commonly

found in Africa, but it is very difficult to identify the

described species as they have been described on colour-

characters almost entirely. I hope to give some time to the

out the forms available to me.

The subfamily, as at present understood, has the following —

Mr. J. R. Malloch on Evotic Musearidee. te

characters :—Eyes in both sexes widely separated ; thorax

usually with one pair of strong presutural dorso-central

bristles, if with two pairs there are but three pairs of post-

suturals, the lower stigmatal bristle is directed downward,

and there is but one antero-dorsal bristle on middle of hind

tibia ; scutellum with at most four strong marginal bristles,

the smaller preapical bristles absent ; sixth wing-vein short ;

scutellum without any soft ventral hairs ; lower calyptra

larger than upper, sometimes inconspicuously 80.

Key to Genera in Africa.

1. Thorax with two pairs of strong postsutural

dorso-central bristles ; lower calyptra

but little larger than upper .......... 2

Thorax with three pairs of postsutural

dorso-central bristles; lower calyptra

usually much larger than upper........ 4.

2. Costal vein ending at or slightly beyond

apex of third vein; mid-tibia with a

Rane bristle. AU MASE ws ae ence eee eos ss Tenuicosta, Stein.

Costal vein continued to apex of fourth

Win ee SEIS 0 Meera 4 Ob

3. Scutellum with four strong bristles ; fore

tibizee of males feathered .............. Anaphalantus, Loew.

Scutellum with but two strong bristles ;

fore tibize of males not feathered ...... Microcalyptra, Stein.

4, Scutellum with but two strong bristles ;

fore tibiz unarmed at middle...... ase 30)

Scutellum with four strong bristles ...... 6.

5. Hind tibia with one long and one short

antero-ventral bristle; thorax with one

pair of presutural dorso-central bristles... Orchisa, Roudani.

Hind tibia with at most one short antero-

dorsal bristle; thorax with two pairs of

presutural dorso-central bristles. ....... Spanocheta, Stein.

6. Costal vein ending at apex of third vein .. Lrevicosta, Malloch.

Costal vein continued to apex of fourth

Mees nus is ania tccej ees 5 6.6 Pale cphere re

7. Anterior thoracic dorso-centrals ver Vv y short,

but little longer than the adjacent setu-

lose hairs ; fore femur with one or two

bristles near apex on eatery

RMN AO PERS ete tc cee. fe csr ohecs: traps sive Atherigona, Rondani.

Anterior thoracic bristles long and. strong,

well differentiated from any, minute

setule that may be present; fore femur

with a complete series of bristles on

postero-ventral surface .............. 8.

8. Hind tibia with one or two strong bristles

on postero-dorsal surface near middle .. 9.

Hind tibia without bristles on postero-

dorsal surface near middle ............ 10,

9. Hind tibia with two bristles on postero-

39%

SE yr Ee a

576

10,

“I

dorsal surface ; median two bristles on

each orbit very close together..........

Hind tibia with one median postero-dorsal

bristle; bristling of orbits normal ......

Hind tibia with two very long bristles at

middle, the bases of which are very close

together, one on the antero-dorsal and

the other on the anterior or antero-

ventral eurface.<.)7ci feapeen!. ieee ts

Hind tibia with one long strong bristle on

antero-dorsal and a weaker bristle on the

antero-ventral surface, the latter nearer

apex than than the former............

Hind tibia with two antero-dorsal and two

antero-ventral bristles near middle;

lower calyptra hardly produced ........

Mr. J. R. Malloch on Heotic Muscaridee.

Pygophora, Schiney.

Cenosia, Meigen, pt.

Caricea, Rob.-Desy.

Cenosia, Meigen, pt.

chanomyza, Haliday.

Key to Species of Coenosia and Caricea.

. Legs black; fore and mid cox whitish;

antenne pale yellow «9: st. sca s ois os)

Legs black, at most the bases of tibiz nar-

POW LY VOUOWwIsh sisi ieee pie else ae oie

Legs yellow; if largely black, the tibize

are always yellow at least at bases, and

the femora are usually basally, always so

if the tibize are blackened apically......

. Halteres black or dark brown............

Falteres yellow... ah's :&.sfustiche cn iste eie eee

. Arista distinctly short-haired on basal half;

calyptre whitish ; antenne black......

Arista pubescent or bare..... race aieiees eget

. Third antennal segment yellow ; without a

sharp upper anterior angle at apex;

calypine Whiten’. 35,.o.a0: cern aa i

Antennse black oye des «peeve ote pietneeate

. Calyptree whitish ; ; antenne with a pointed

upper angle at tip; frons seen from in

front with dense whitish pruinescence ..

Calyptree brown or fuscous..,...........

. Frons seen from in front ‘densely white

promestent: Sie es a. 5. nee ce mite tates

Frons seen from in front black or grey .

. Arista with short pubescence or nearly

bare; calyptree very unequal in size;

frons densely whitish-grey pruinescent. .

Arista with distinct but not very long

hairs; frons not densely whitish-grey

pruinescent DO Gar OOO ROOD 6 Cc.

. Abdomen with a dorso-central Satin ed

paired spots on dorsum black; legs

black... oss sieape otek a0 xe cece

Abdomen grey pruinescent, immaculate

knees yellow........

9. Wings whitish on basal half, more or less

conspicuously blackened on apical half;

albicoxa, Stein.

14,

(be

nodosa, Stein.

canifrons, Stein,

preacuta, Stein.

niverfrons, Stein.

Jumisquama, Stein.

planifrons, Stein.

diluta, Stein.

Mr. J. R. Malloch on Fwotic Muscaridee. 57

lower calyptra much protruded; ab-

domen greyish pruinose, opaque, with

paired dorsal black spots..............

Wings unicolorous hyaline .,............

10. Paired black spots on dorsum of abdomen

fused, large, and rather poorly defined ;

apical half of wing very conspicuously

blackened ; fifth sternite in male entirely

opaque grey pruimose ........,..... ve

Paired black ‘spots on dorsum of abdomen

widely separated, sometimes indistinct ;

apical half of wing inconspicuously in-

fuscated; inner half of each process of

fifth abdominal sternite of male shining,

outer half opaque grey pruinose........

11, Lower calyptra barely protruded beyond

upper; abdomen with grey pruinescence,

and dorso-central vitta and paired spots

Beret ae acai sete Soak Smee ea ee ee

Lower calyptra protruded very ‘much be-

PORT SHOR rr ersc ce ws ss At sc ese es

12. Abdomen glossy black, with grey pruines-

cence on each tergite at the anterior

lateral angle on dorsum, not with dis-

PORCH PUITGUIE DOLE ee Shale Tee de oa Do's! «

Abdomen opaque grey pruinose with paired

spots and sometimes a central vitta on

CLL bine GIGS GeO RiOO ii Se DORb Oboe

12a.Legs black; arista quite distinctly haired .

Knees and bases of tibie yellow ; arista

with short pubescence ..............2.

13. Bases of fore tibize narrowly pale yellowish ;

male without series of median spots on

dorsum of abdomen ; outer cross-vein of

wing at not more than its own length

from apex of fifth vein ..............

Fore tibie black; male with a very dis-

tinct series of black spots on middle of

dorsum of abdomen; outer cross-vein

of wing at distinctly more than its own

length from apex of fifth.............,

14, Arista with exceptionally long hairs, the

longest about as long as length of third

moLennal sepMent.. 2... ease eee

Arista short-haired or pubescent, the longest

hairs never much more than as long as

width of third antennal segment ......

15, Femora yellow, sometimes a small blackish

mark at apices of hind pair............

MCR DIAG s ose ne tos Ven ee Se aia.

16, All femora black, sometimes yellowish at

ER eta te cys cin tos civtes Cawdor a athare iy at

At least some portion of basal half of femora

WEUO WIG. con hae toe ME Ae Cee ee se

PELRAPEL PALO YELLOW stake. nee aes. ee

Maral HACK yen sc eter ee ck ae meat reo

10.

semifumosa, Stein.

semualba, sp. 0.

fallax, Stein.

13.

pilifemur, Stein.

JSascigera, Stein.

semialba, sp. 0.

trepunctiventris, sp. 0.

15.

16,

longiseta, Stein.

angustifrons, Stein.

20.

ochroprocta, Spieser.

578 Mr. J. R. Malloch on Ewotic Muscaride.

18. Antenne falling much short of lower

Margin OF Cyeaat... cee < eels < « nbinehe humilis, Meigen.

Antenne extending at least to] »wer margin

Of S765. Foes Cee eseemtnyy vic iawierte 19.

19. Hind tibiz with fine setule on almost the

entire ventral surface; thorax usually

with a brown median vitta............ trichoenema, Stein.

Hind tibiz without fine setulose ventral

hairs’; thorax not-vittate. Fp. seers >> inanis, Stein.

20. Tibie largely black; wings slightly and

evenly brownish”: ,+/ 0. .tn seers. «3 Sumipennis, Stein.

Tibiee yellow; wings hyaline ............ 21.

21. Abdomen more or less translucent yellow

FU DRRG: tte 2 al 2 cs pee pasa eee dorsalis, v. Roser.

Abdomen not yellowish at base.......... 22.

22. Vibrisse yellow ........ Sh ian pe teeickcnelhe flavovibrissata, Stein.

Vibrissve black <5 vo scpine Spee wk be eine 235.

23. Hind tibia in both sexes with a postero-

dorsal bristle and an antero-dorsal bristle

at middle, the female with an antero-

ventral bristle also; arista almost bare;

thorax with three broad brown vitte,

the median one carried over disc of

SCUbE MANE Shes che oie oe OE ee 24,

Hind tibia lacking ihe postero-sutural

Dristle «oockisc4n nyc hae Cee ese OE Re Bay

24. Third antennal segment attenuated apically,

gradually tapered to apex, the underside

without a rounded angle, the upper ter-

minating in a sharp point; dorsum of

thorax chocolate-brown, that of abdomen

similarly coloured except at anterior

lateral angles of tergites where there

are small grey-pruinescent triangular

marks ; all femora with a blackish stripe

above apically . ee et attenuicornis, sp. 1.

Third antennal segment normal, not dis-

tinctly tapered to apex; thorax not as

AbOVE: «4:05 sterhe Seciem eR RES EEE EEE 24 a,

24a.Ocellar bristles about two-thirds as long as

frons; bristles on basal half of antero-

ventral and postero-yentral surfaces of

mid-femur long and strong; all femora

largely infuscated, pale at bases and

BPICOS. cin is oan ks aes HAS eae Ae OER Suscifemur, sp. n.

Ocellar bristles about one-third as long as

frons; bristles on basal half of postero-

ventral and antero-ventral surfaces of

mid-femur very short and weak ; femora

almost entirely clear rufous yellow .... vittata, Wiedemann.

25. Thorax with a very broad brown vitta on

each side of dise which is carried over

anterior lateral angle of scutellum, and

a very fine median brown line which is

neither contiguous with lateral vitta nor

Mr. J. R. Malloch on Exotic Muscaride. 579

continued over dise of scutellum; an-

terior bristle on middle of hind tibia

apicad of the antero-dorsal one........ imequivitta, sp. n.

Thorax with the vitts not as above, the

anterior lateral angles of scutellum never

darker than the disc Siretete Aeccls at 26.

26. Cross-veins of wings slightly but distinctly

infuscated; arista bare; small species,

3°5 mm, in "length Hades kamen oe veraeen costata, Stein.

Cross-veins of wings not infuscated ...... 27,

27. Third antennal segment pale yellow; small

’ species, about 1‘3 mm. in length ...... 28. ‘

Third antennal segment not y ellow ...... 29.

28, Fore and mid tibie without bristles at

MM ae Av ois laa ATE One de oO dorsalis, v. Roser.

Fore and mid tibize with the normal median

Ee 1 Tre veseeseess longitarsis, Stein.

29. Hind tibia with only the antero-dorsal

oe ACA UM UCL | Se ella a venia, sp.

Hind tibia with the usual two bristles at

widdle™ 4353: on “Ate CRE rae ee eee 30.

30. Large species, averaging ov er 5 mm. in

UE a, ee Eee Coat aL Paes dl.

Small ‘species, not over4mm.iniength .. 34.

3l. Fore femora entirely yellow; arista short-

SUMED needs eos bots Sota aeoe doo similis, Stein.

Fore femora partly blackened ; ; arista dis-

SATIPES DIGCRCON isco t add oe nein a7 5 32.

32, Thorax indistinctly vittate laterally; third

antennal segment much longer than dis-

tance from its apex to mouth-margin ;

anterior sterno-pleural bristle long “and

EE imeem cht a au nobiie heats sjess- » « natalia, sp. 0.

Thorax conspicuously vittate laterally ; :

third antennal segment as long as dis-

tance from its apex to mouth-margin ;

anterior sterno-pleural bristle short and

OL ea SE OS ere 33.

83. Hind tibia with the anterior bristle but

slightly basad of the antero-dorsal one ;

fore femur with a black dorsal mark on

apical third; median vitta not con-

“tinued over scutellum..........2..... atroapicata, sp. n.

Hind tibia with the anterior bristle very

distinctly basad of the antero-dorsal one;

fore femur with a black streak on pos-

tero-dorsal surface from base to apex;

median vitta continued over scutellum.. calopoda, Bezzi.

34, Arista with its longest hairs about as long

as width of third antennal segment;

abdomen with distinct paired spots and

median vitta on dorsum .............. punctigera, Stein.

Arista barely pubescent ................ 35.

35. Mid and hind femora on antero-ventral

surface on their entire length with long

580 Mr. J. R. Malloch on Exotie Muscaride.

bristles and short and fine hairs; abdo-

men with distinct paired spots and

median vitta on dorsum ............+- strigulipes, Stein *.

Mid and hind femora with only sparse setu-

lose hairs ventrally; abdomen without

distinct dorsal markings .............. attenuata, Stein.

Wherever the descriptions of the species have permitted

me to do so I have included them in the key, but several

African species are so poorly described that this has been

found impossible. Those omitted are as follows :—cyclo-

ophthalma, Thomson, flavipes, Adams, inversa, Wiedemann,

punctipes, Thomson, multimaculata, Adams, sex-notata, Adams,

and trichopyga, Loew.

Cenosia punctipes, Thomson.

This species belongs to the same group as similis, Stein,

but from Stein’s re-description I cannot place it satis-

factorily, though it will run to similis in the key given here.

It differs in having the femora all yellow.

Cenosia humeralis, Stein.

This specific name, humeralis, was preoccupied by humeralis,

Wiedemann, when Stein used it for his species and the

name acromiata was proposed to replace that of Stein’s

species by Speiser. Though the Wiedemann species has

been removed to Atherigona and Stein’s is a Pygophora,

still the two were described as Cawnosia species, and the name

acromiata, Speiser, must take the place of humeralis, Stein,

in Pygophora. 1 have several times referred to Stein’s

species under the specific name humeralis, having failed to

note until receutly that the name had been changed by

Speiser.

With respect to preoccupied names, it may be well to note

that the specific name flavipes has been used three times in

this genus, the last time by Adams for an African species, a

fact which will prevent the renaming of that species should

it have beeu subsequently described under another name.

Caricea fumisquama (Stein).

A deep black species, with fuscous calyptre and halteres,

infuscated wings, and the thorax and abdomen without

markings. Arista pubescent; frons flat and appearing

‘ ph tng is the species also listed under the name cingulipes, Zetterstedt,

y Stein. , :

Mr. J. R. Malloch on Fvotic Muscaridee. 581

microscopically granulose; the orbital bristles three, long,

but not strong. Anterior sterno-pleural short. Anterior

median hind tibial bristle slightly basad of the antero-dorsal

one, both basad of middle. Eyes covering almost the entire

side of head.

Length 3 mm.

One female, Obuasi, Ashanti, 4. viii. 1907 (W. M. Graham).

Caricea pilifemur (Stein).

One pair in copula and one female, Ulundi, Natal, ix. 1896,

5000-6500 feet (G. Ad. K. Marshall).

A very distinctly shining black species, which is distin-

guished, as stated in the key, by the markings on the

abdomen.

Caricea semifumosa (Stein).

A very striking species. Entirely black, densely grey-

pruinescent, the thorax not vittate, and the abdomen with

the fuscous paired spots fused. Wings white on basal half,

black on apical half. Median long bristles on hind tibia at

same height ; fore femur with a series of fine short antero-

ventral bristles on basal two-thirds which are longest at

base; anterior sterno-pleural bristle long; frons very

narrow, not over one-fifth as wide as head at centre in male,

the bristles fine and short ; longest hairs on arista as long as

width of third antennal segment.

Length 4 mm.

Four males, Willow Grange, Natal (R. C. Wroughton).

Caricea semialba, sp. nu.

Male and female.—A larger species than the last and

more robust, the wings of female not infuscated, and those

of male rather inconspicuously so. Other distinguishing

characters as stated in key. The chzetotaxy of the legs is

similar to that of the last species, but the bristles are longer

and stronger, aud those on antero-veutral surface of hind

femur are more numerous, forming an almost complete,

if sparse, series. The frons is about as wide as length of

antenna, while in semifumosa it is distinctly narrower ;

lower and anterior steruo-pleural bristles much shorter than

upper.

Length 4—5 mm.

Type, male, allotype, and two male paratypes, Ulundi,

Natal, ix. 1896, 5000-6500 feet (G. A. K. Marshall). One

female paratype, Willow Grange, Natal (R. C. Wroughton).

582 Mr. J. R. Malloch on Exotic Muscaride.

Caricea tripunctiventris, sp. n.

Male.—A smaller species than either of the preceding

two, with hyaline wings, the fore tibia not pale yellow at

base, the abdomen almost cylindrical and with paired spots

and a fuscous median vittaon dorsum black. ‘The arista has

shorter hairs than in the last species, the antennze extend

farther towards mouth-margin, the third segment is slightly

pointed at apex above. In other respects the head is similar

to that of semialba, The hypopygium is larger than in that

species, being slightly knob-like, the abdomen is not com-

pressed, and the outer cross-vein of wings is about one-third

from apex of discal cell, which is much closer to apex than

in semialba,

Length 3°5 mm.

Type, Mt. Mlanje, Nyasaland, 16. vi. 1913 (S. 4. Neave).

A female which is marked, as is the male, may probably

represent another species. The arista has longer hairs, the

sterno-pleural bristles are all long and strong, and the inner

cross-vein is but little beyond middle of discal cell, while

the outer one is even farther from apex of fifth vein than in

semialba.

Locality, Durban, Natal (F. Muir).

Caricea longiseta (Stein).

Differs from all the preceding species in having the femora

and tibiz yellow, only the extreme apices of the hind

femora being black, and the coxe are yellow. The antenne

are black, and palpi yellow. Thorax indistinctly vittate.

Abdomen marked with a series of central spots and paired

lateral spots black. Longest hairs on arista about as long

as third antennal segment. Anterior sterno-pleural bristle

long and strong; median fore tibial bristle very long,

median hind tibial bristles very long and _ transversely

placed.

One male from Sierra Leone differs in having the apex of

third antennal segment and all of fore cox except extreme

bases yellow.

Length 5 mm.

I have before me a series of specimens from Ashanti,

Sierra Leone, Southern Nigeria, Uganda, Northern Nyasa,

aud Durban, Natal.

oye

PRS Fe

Mr. J. R. Malloch on Ewotic Muscaridee. 583

Caricea fumipennis (Stein).

Differs from atroapicata in having the median bristle on

hind tibia slightly apicad of the antero-dorsal one. Legs

with the exception of the trochanters, basal half of mid and

hind femora, and the extreme bases of tibiz black. The

wings are rather noticeably browned. Abdomen with a

large fuscous mark on each tergite which covers the entire

posterior dorsal margin and extends to anterior margin in

centre more or less broadly. The fore femora are less setu-

lose antero-ventrally than in atroapicata.

Length 6 mm.

One female, north of Mt. Kenya, Kenya Colony,

18. 11. 1911, 8300 feet (7. J. Anderson).

As the thorax is vittate, it is almost impossible to locate

this species correctly by using Stein’s key to the African

species (1913).

Caricea vittata (Wiedemann).

This species differs in the colour of the face in the sexes,

the female having it whitish-grey and the male almost golden-

yellow. The femora are without black marks, except at

extreme apices of the hind pair. The difference in chzeto-

taxy of the hind tibiz in the sexes is very remarkable, the lack

of the antero-veutral bristle in male when it is present in

in female being unique in my experience, and it may not

apply to the following species, though I have listed them

that way in the key.

Length 4-5 mm.

Localities, four specimens, Ulundi, Natal, ix. 1896, 5000-

6500 feet, and two specimens, Estcourt, Natal, ix.-x. 1896

(G. A. K. Marshall) ; one specimen, Willow Grange, Natal

(R. C. Wroughton).

This and the next species may be referred, with a slight

doubt, to my genus Neodeviopsis.

Caricea fuscifemur, sp. 0.

Female——Very closely related to vittata. Differs in

having the femora largely fuscous, the abdominal spots

larger and darker, a more conspicuous dark area on meso-

pleura, the lower calyptra larger, the outer cross-vein at

about its own length from apex of fifth instead of half that

length, as well as “stated in key.

584 Mr. J. R. Malloch on Exotic Muscaridee.

Length 5 mm.

Type, Embu, Kenya Colony, 20. ii. 1914 (G. St. Orde

Browne).

Caricea attenuicornis, sp. 0.

Female——Dorsum including frons chocolate-brown, the

frons opaque, thorax and abdomen shining, the former

slightly so ; face, pleura, and lateral margins of abdominal

tergites whitish pruinescent, that on tergites extending

towards the middle on the anterior margins, but not entirely

over dorsum. Antenne black, palpi fuscous. Legs yellow;

mid and hind cox, a streak along dorsal surfaces of fore

femora, and the apices of mid and hind femora infuscated.

Eyes covering almost the entire side of head, facets much

enlarged in middle close to face; frons flat, bristles rubbed

off in type; antenne long and slender, inserted above

middle of profile, third segment tapered to apex, tip acute;

arista with its longest hairs as long as its basal width; para-

facial aud cheek linear. Anterior and lower sterno-pleural

bristles short, a long setulose hair between upper and lower

bristles as in some of the other species. Tibial bristles very

long, the pair on hind tibia at middle transverse. Inner

cross-vein at middle of discal cell, outer one a little more

than its own length from apex of fifth vein.

Length 6 mm.

Type, South-east edge of Kenya Forest, Kenya Colony,

7. ii. 1911, 5000-6000 feet (T. J. Anderson).

Caricea inequivitta, sp. n.

Male and female.— Black, densely yellowish-grey pruines-

cent. Head black, orbits grey; antenne black; palpi dark

brown. Thorax with a linear median vitta and a very broad

one on each side of it dark brown, the vittz nowhere con-

fluent, the lateral pair continued over anterior lateral angles

of scutellum ; mesopleura brown above. Abdomen with

median and lateral brown spots on dorsum. Legs yellow,

fore femora almost entirely, mid and hind pairs dorsally

and apically blackened ; tarsi brown.

Longest hairs on arista about as long as width of third

antennal segment. Anterior sterno-pleural bristle very

short and weak; basal pair of marginal scutellar bristles

much shorter than the apical pair. Abdomen of male

cylindrical, the hypopygium small, fourth sternite with two

or three long hairs apically, processes of fifth sternite with

Mr. J. R. Malloch on Ewot’c Muscaride. 585

fine short hairs and some longer setule ; abdomen of female

tapered apically, apical tergite with very short bristles.

Tibial bristles long; anterior and antero-dorsal pair not at

same height, the former apicad slightly. Fourth wing-vein

in male conspicuously thickened proximad of the inner cross-

vein to base of discal cell, not abnormal in female ; inner

cross-vein at or slightly before middle of discal cell.

Length 7 mm.

Type, female, allotype, and four paratypes, Nakuni,

Kenya Colony, i. 1913 (B. L. van Someren). Paratypes, two

females, Mogorr River, Kenya Col., v. 1913 (Capt. A. O.

Luckman); one female, Kabete, Kenya Col., 17. 11. 1918,

and one female, west of Mt. Kenia, 19-20. 1. 1911, 6500-

7250 feet (7. J. Anderson).

Cenosia xenia, sp. 0.

Male.—An aberrant species, distinguished by the absence

of the anterior bristle from middle of hind tibia.

Black, densely grey-pruinescent. Head black, frons

almost velvety, deep black, orbits grey; antenne and palpi

black. Thorax greasy in type, but evidently vittate. Ab-

domen with large but not clearly defined lateral spots and

median vitta on dorsum black. Legs including fore coxe

yellow, fore femora with a black streak on apical half above,

mid and hind femora with about the apical third black ;

tarsi fuscous. Wings hyaline.

Frons nearly one-third of the head-width; antenne

falling considerably short of the mouth-margin, third seg-

ment acute above at apex; arista very short pubescent.

Abdomen compressed, hypopygium small, fifth sternite with

inner half of each process shining and furnished with long

fine hairs; fore and mid tibia with the normal bristles

small; hind femur with long fine hairs on basal half of

postero-ventral surface, and two or three short, widely

separated bristles on antero-ventral surface ; hind tibia with

a short antero-dorsal bristle at middle. Inner cross-vein

just beyond middle of discal cell, outer at its own length

from apex of fifth vein.

Length 5 mm.

Type, Ulundi, Natal, ix. 1896, 5000-6500 feet (G. 4. K.

Marshall).

Caricea natalia, sp. n.

Female.—Similar in colour and habitus to atroapicata,

differing as stated in key.

586 Mr. J. R. Malloch on Hvotic Muscaride.

The longest hairs on arista are distinctly longer than its

basal diameter, the third antennal segment is produced into

a sharp point at apex above, and falls short of mouth-margin

by a distance about equal to its width; there is a strong

bristle above the vibrissa ; all the sterno-pleurals are strong,

and the median pair of bristles on hind tibia are transversely

placed.

Length 7 mm.

Type, Willow Grange, Natal (R. C. Wroughton).

Caricea calopoda (Bezzi).

A very striking species. Fore femur with a long dorsal

stripe, and mid and hind femora with a dorsal stripe on

apical third or more fuscous ; tarsi fuscous. Thorax with

three almost confluent dark brown vitte, and a series of

elongate brown spots at bases of dorso-ceutrals, the median

vitta extending to anterior margin and over disc of scutellum;

abdomen with a series of elongate dorso-central spots and

lateral spots on each segment dark brown. Arista very

short-haired ; anterior sterno-pleural bristle very weak and

short ; basal sternite bare; basal half of antero-ventral and

ventral surfaces of fore femora rather conspicuously setulose.

Length 7 mm.

I have before me two females from the edge of the forest

on the east side of the Aberdare Mts., Kenya Colony,

24. 11. 1911, 7300 feet (7. J. Anderson).

Caricea atroapicata, sp. u.

Male and female.—Similar to the preceding species in

general colour, the anteune black, palpi fuscous basally,

blackened apically. The thoracic vittz are similar, but the

median one is not carried over disc of scutellum. The fore

femur has the black dorsal stripe broader and present only

on the apica! half. The median bristles on hind tibiz are

closer together than in calopoda, the anterior one being but

little basad of the antero-dorsal one, while in calopoda it is

very distinctly so. The fore and hind tibiz are also more

distinctly hairy. The male has one or two very fine out-

standing hairs near apices of basal two segments of hind

tarsi on anterior side. Hypopygium small; fifth sternite

with rather dense short hairs along margins of processes.

Length 6 mm.

Type, male, Kondoa Itangi, Tanganyika Territory,

12. vi. 1916, 4400 feet (W. A. Lamborn). Allotype, Ufomi,

Tanganyika Terr., 6. vi. 1916. One male paratype, same

data as allotype (W. A. Lamborn).

Caricea lonyitarsis (Stein).

One female I identify as this from Port Natal.

Caricea strigulipes (Stein).

Two males and one female, Port Natal (Plant).

Cenosia acuticornis (Stein).

A typical Cenosia, belonging to the same group as most of

the European and North American species. Very well dis-

tinguished by the fusion of the three brown thoracic vittz

into a broad stripe, which extends over dise of scutellum.

Abdomen with paired dark spots; tibie tawny; antennie

and palpi black.

Originally described from Victoria. I have before me a

series from Burpengary, Queensland, and Tasmania.

LXI.—Fishes of the Clupeid Genera Ciupeoides and Potama-

losa, and allied Genera. By C. Tare Reaan, M.A.,

F.R.S.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

In former papers on the Clupeidze I have revised most of the

fishes included by Ginther in the genera Clupea, Chatoessus,

and Pellonula. The remaining Clupeine are here dealt with,

except the genera with a long anal fin.

Synopsis of the Genera.

A single supramaxillary (supplemental bone).

1, No mid-dorsal series of scutes,

A. Anal fin without finlets.

Abdominal serrature beginning at isthmus.......... 1, Kowala.

Abdominal serrature beginning behind thorax ...... 2. Clupeoides.

B. Anal fin followed by two finlets.

Mouth normal; teeth minute ................000, 3. Corica,

Dentigerous edge of maxillary extending nearly to

premaxillary ; teeth acute, unequal .,........ 4. Clupeichthys.

II. A series of keeled scutes from occiput to dorsal fin.

Teeth small; supramaxillary (supplemental bone)

WRRROW Siting hacen Wo Pees AUS Ae aiacd o's wish id tine 5. Potamalosa.

No distinct teeth; supramaxillary broad .......... 6. Hyperlophus.

io’ 6)

Mr. C. T. Regan on Clupeid Fishes,

1. Kowata, Cuv. & Val., 1847

(type Kowala thoracata, Cuv. & Val.).

Near Harengula, but with a single broad supramaxillary

(supplemental bone) and with a silvery lateral band. Abdo-

minal serrature begins at isthmus. Scales with complete

transverse grooves.

A single species.

I am indebted to Dr. Pellegrin for comparing the types of

Kowala thoracata and Meletta lile, and for the information

that they are the same species.

Kowala thoracata.

Kowala thoracata, Cuy. & Val. xx. p. 863 (1847).

Meletta lile, Cuv. & Val. t. ¢. p. 378.

Clupea lile, Giinth. Cat. Fish. vii. p. 450 (1868).

Clupeoides lile, Weber & Beaufort, Fish. Indo-Austral. Arch. ii. p. 57

(1913).

Depth 22 to 34 in the length, length of head 4 to 43.

Diameter of eye 3 to 3} in length of head. Maxillary

extending to below anterior 3 of eye. Scales 40/10-11.

Scutes 17-19+ 9-12. Dorsal 14-17. Anal17-22. Pelvies

8-rayed, inserted below or a little in advance of origin of

dorsal.

Kurrachee to New Guinea.

Thirty specimens, up to 120 mm. in total length.

Weber and Beaufort (Verhand. Akad. Amsterdam, (2)

xvii., 1913) state that in this species the median scales

between the head and the dorsal fin are keeled scutes. I

find that the median scales are quite thin and that the

appearance of a keel is due to the underlying series of supra-

neural bones, the edges of which reach the dorsal profile.

CLUPEOIDES, Bleek., 1851

(type C. borneensiz, Bleek.).

Near Kowala, but supramaxillary not so large, abdominal

serrature beginning behind thorax, and scales with ouly one

transverse groove, the rest radiating.

Rivers of Borneo and New Guinea.

Four species—C. borneensts, Bleek., C. hypselosoma, Bleek.,

C. venulosus, Weber and Beaufort, and C. papuensis, Kam-

say and Ogilby (ef. Weber and Beaufort, Fish. Indo-Austral.

Arch. ii. p. 57).

3. CortcaA, Ham.-Bueh., 1822

(type C. soborna, Ham.-Bueh.).

Anal fin followed by two finlets. Mouth rather small,

formed as in Clupeoides; teeth minute.

A single species,

I have compared Blecker’s type of C. pseudopterus from

Borneo with specimens from Orissa (C. soborna).

4, CLupercutuys, Bleek., 1855

(type C. goniognathus, Bleek.).

Differs from Corica in the structure of the upper jaw and

in the stronger teeth.

A single species—C. goniognathus—from rivers of Sumatra

and Borneo.

Weber and Beaufort (Fishes Indo-Austral. Arch. ii. p. 55)

give a figure to show the structure of the mouth; this depicts

two supplemental maxillary bones, but on examination of the

type I tind only one, the supposed anterior bone being part

of the maxillary.

5. PoTAMALosA, Ogilby, 1896.

Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S, Wales, xxi. p. 504, and xxii. p. 70.

General characters of Clupea, but a median series of scutes

from head to dorsal fin. Teeth small, uniserial in pree-

maxillaries and lower jaw ; a series of minute teeth on pala-

tines and a strip on tongue. A single narrow supramaxillary.

8 branchiostegals.

A single species from rivers of New South Wales.

Potamalosa richmondia.

Clupea nove-hollandi@ (non Cuv. & Val.), Giinth. Cat. Fish, vii. p. 451.

? Clupéa richmondia, Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, iv. 1880,

p. 380,

Depth of body 34 to 5 in length, length of head 3? to 5.

Diameter of eye 3 to 34 in length of head. Jaws equal ;

maxillary extending to below anterior } of eye. 25 gill-

rakers on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal 16-17. Anal

16-17. Pelvies 8-rayed, below origin or anterior part of

dorsal, Scales 46/10-11. Scutes 18+14-15. Vertebra

46 or 47. A silvery stripe in the young.

15 specimens, 90 to 220 mm. in total length,

Ann. & Mag. N. Ilist. Ser. 9. Vol. x. 4)

590 Mr. W. KR. Fisher— Notes on Asteroidea,

6. Hypertopnus, Ogilly, 1892.

Ree. Austral. Mus. ii. p. 26.

Omochetus, Ogilby, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, xxii. 1897, p. 72.

Like Potamalosa, but no distint teeth, supramaxillary

broad, and only 4 branchiostegals.

A single specics from New South Wales.

Hyperlophus spratellides.

° Meletta nove-hollandia, Cuv. & Val. Hist. Nat. Poiss. xx. p. 376.

? Clupea vittata, Casteln. (Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.Wales, iv.

1880, p. 379).

Hyperlophus spratellides, Ogilby, Ree, Austral. Mus. x. 1892, p. 26.

Hyperlophus copii, Ogilby, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.Wales, xxii. 1897,

p- 72. :

Depth 44 to 5 in-length, length of head 43 to 43. Dia-

meter of eye 34 in length of head. Maxillary extending to

below anterior edge or anterior } of eye. About 28 gill-

rakers on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal 15-17.

Anal 18-21. Pelvics 7-rayed, a little in advance of dorsal.

Seales 46-48/11-12. Ventral scutes 19-21412-14. Ver-

tebre 47. A silvery lateral band.

9 specimens, 80 to 100 mm, long, including examples

received from Mr. Ogilby as H. spratellides and H. copii.

Dr. Pellegrin has kindly examined the type of MM. nove-

hollandiw, 118 mm. long. It is in bad condition, the scales

are lost, no dorsal series of scutes can be seen, no teeth are —

apparent; the anal fin has 22 rays.

LXII.—WNotes on Asteroidea—III. By W. K. FISHER,

Director, Hopkins Marine Station, California,

Lysasrrosomua, a new Genus of Asteriidee.—Most nearly

related to Pycnopodia, Stimpson, but differing in having

disconnected marginal plates, with secondary intermediate

marginal ossicles ; broad mouth-plates and enlarged postoral

adambulacral plates ; more conspicuous marginal circumspinal

sheaths, the inferomarginals being common to 2 spines ;

adambulacral plates not sunken below level of inferomarginal ;

rays 5, instead of upward of 24. The rays are soft and

weak ; abactinal skeleton reduced to isolated, small, spini-

f rous plates, sometimes interspersed with vestigial perforated

Mr. W. K. Fisher—Notes on Asterotdea. 591

spineless platelets ; marginal skeleton weak ; superomarginals

well separated, connected by a chain or festoon of small

secondary ossicles ; alternate superomarginals reduced in size

and spineless ; inferomarginals diplacanthid, spaced, some-

times connected by 1 or 2 secondary small ossicles; abactinal

spines well spaced, and, like the marginal spines, surrounded

by a conspicuous, tough, retractile sheath expanded distally

(and bearing numerous small crossed pedicellariz), that of

the inferomarginals common to 2 spines; adambulacral

plates monacanthid, the spinelets without pedicellariz ;

mouth-plates broad, with 1 pair of enlarged postoral adambu-

lacral plates in contact on the interradial line ; crossed pedi-

cellariz with a conspicuously enlarged tooth on one side of

the end of the jaw, 2 or 3 smaller teeth on the opposite side,

and very numerous small teeth on the shank. Straight

pedicellariz small, lanceolate.

Type, the following species :—

Lysastrosoma anthosticta, sp.n. (Figs. 1 & 2.)

Rays 5. R=63 mm., r=9 mm., R=7r ; breadth of ray

at base 8 to 10 mm. Disk small; rays marked off from

Fig. 1,

o UF

Serve

Lysastrosoma anthosticta, x 10, Marginal and five abactinal plates,

from proximal half of ray; base of ray to the right.

a, a, a, abactinals; s, 8, 8, spiniferous superomarginals; 1, %, infero-

marginals; ad, adambulacrals; secondary marginals shown

between the superomarginals,

40*

592 Mr. W. K. Fisher— Notes on Asteroidea.

disk by a slight constriction at base ; abactinal surface more

or less swollen; entire body very soft and flexible; axils

rounded ; abactinal surface with numerous, widely spaced,

small, acicular spinelets, mostly hidden by obconical tough

sheaths bearing numerous crossed pedicellariz on the distal

expanded end; each alternate superomarginal plate with a

similar but much larger spine (3 mm.) ; each inferomarginal

with 2 somewhat flattened, blunt or truncate, stout spines

(subequal to the superomarginals) ; one pair of enlarged

adambulacral plates meeting beliind the oral plates, their

median suture shorter than that of oral plates; the inter-

mediate superomarginal ossicles very weak, lacking on outer

part of the ray; submicroscopic perforated plates numerous

Lysastrosoma anthosticta, X 10. Marginal plates from near tip of ray ;

base of ray toward left; showing absence of connectives.

8, 8, 8, spiniferous superomarginals ; ¢, 7, inferomarginals.

in abactinal integument; tube-feet large, crowded in four

rows ; furrows broad.

Mororan, Hokkaido, Japan. Collected by D. 8. Jordan

and J. O. Snyder, 1899.

Type will be deposited in U.S. National Museum ; a co-

type will be deposited im the British Museum (Natural

History).

Anasterias, Perrier.—Keeliler, in his recent splendid report —

on the Asteroidea of the Australian Antarctic Expedition *,

gives considerable attention to this group, to which he adds

* ‘ Australian Antarctic Expedition, 1911-14, Echinodermata Aste- ‘

roidea ’ (Series C, vol. viii. part 1, Noy. 1920).

Mr. W. K. Fisher—Notes on Asteroidea, 593

two new forms—A. victorie and A. adelie. He recognizes

Pedasterias, Verrill (type, Anasterias chiroyhora), and de-

scribes a new species—L’. jofrei.

In this revised Anastertas he enumerates eight species :—

adelie, Keeliler ; vietoriv, Keehler ; belgice, Ludwig; cupu-

lifera, Koehler; lactea, Ludwig; oetoradiata, Keeliler ;

tei Studer. The type of Anasterias—A. minuta,

errier—is omitted. Koeller examined tlic types of ménuta,

and says :—“J’ai pu constater que toutes étaient parfaite-

ment identiques 4de jeunes Syorasterias anturctica, J’ estime

done que l’A. minuto, forme jeune d’une Sporasterias ou

peut-étre Vune autre Anasterias, ne doit pas figurer parmi

les especes du genre Anasterias” (l. c. p. 12). -Is this not a

bit naive? Obviously, if the ‘ype of a genus is out of

countenance with all the other alleged species of the group,

the rest of the genus takes another name. This was exactly

my reasoning in 1908*, when I renamed Ludwig’s and

Keehler’s (but not Perrier’s) Anasterias, Lysasterias, with

A, p:rrieri, Studer, as type.

If A. minuta is “ parfaitement identiques & de jeunes

Sporasterias antarctica,” it is not likely to be the young of

another Anasterias. Since there is some doubt, however, it

seems ill-advised to discard Sporasterias, a name of later

application for that species. ‘There is no excuse, however,

for retaining Anasterias as the name of the genus of which

“ Anastertas’’? perrieri, Studer, is the oldest described

species.

Verrill t states :—“ Since the specific name, Asterias

perriert Studer, 1884, was preoceupied by A. perriert Smith,

1876, it requires a new name,” and he christens it Anastertas

lysasteria, This was quite unnecessary, as Studer never

described an “ As/erias perrieri.” He records Asterias

perriert from Kerguelen (Abhand. d. k. Akad. d. Wiss. 1884

(1885), Abth. ii. p. 6). He describes Anasterias perriert in

*¢ Die Seesterne Sud-Georgiens” (Jahrb. d. wiss. Anstalten

zu Hamburg, ii. 1885, p. 153), both references having been

recently verified by Mr. A. H. Clark. Anastertas perrieri is

therefore the first combination.

Pedasterias, Verrill (loc. cit. p. 385)—Type, Anasterias

chirophora, Ludwig (‘Seesterne Expédition Antaretique

Belge,’ 1903, p. 43). Verrill states :—‘‘ Its skeleton is more

* Smithsonian Miscell. Coll. vol. lii. p. 87.

+ ‘Monograph of the Shallow-wat«r Starfishes etc.,’ Smithsonian Inst.,

Harriman Alaska Series, vol. xiv. 1914, p, 354,

594 Mr. W. K. Fisher—Notes on Asteroidea.

reduced than in Anastertas, the upper marginal plates being

absent, except as rudiments distally. It is covered by a thick

dermis and bears large, wide, felipedal pedicellariz.” Koehler

(loc. edt. p. 16) accepts the genus and adds a new species—

P. joffre:.

Ludwig (loc. cit. p. 42) characterizes Anastertas as

follows :—Five-rayed Asteriidee with monacanthid adambu-

lacrals; antiambulacral arm-skeleton reduced to lateral

transverse bars [‘“‘Spangen”’?] and isolated dorsal plates.

He divides the species into two principal groups: (a) The

bars [which abut on the adambulacrals] are formed of only

two skeletal pieces, a reduced supero- and inferomarginal,

the latter carrying an inferomarginal spine—A. chirephora,

A, lactea, A. perrieri. (b) The lateral bars are composed of

more than two pieces—A. belgica, A. studert,

In his description of chirophora, Ludwig states that the

lateral skeleton is composed of these cross-bars, each with

two small plates (Joc. cit. p. 48, fig. 1, p. 49, fig. 2). The

plate adjacent to the adambulacrals has its longer axis

lengthwise of the ray, and represents the inferomarginal,

while the outer of the two has its long axis transversely

oriented and represents the superomarginal plate. Moreover,

this arrangement of plates in longer or shorter cross-bars is

characteristic ef the other species of the group known as

Anasterias (= Lysasterias).

Keehler finds in his Pedasterias joffrei (loc. cit. p. 32)

cross-bars of several pieces, as in Anasterias belgice, Ludwig

(loc. cit. pl. vi. fig. 62), but thinks that the superomarginals

are not to be found in these ares. Rather, they are one or

two plates, in the interbrachial angle, above the first infero-

marginals, and quite independent of the little cross-tiers.

The superomarginals would therefore be lacking in the ray.

In Anasterias tenera, Koehler, in which the marginals are

more strongly developed than in other species (although the

abactinal skeleton is normally reduced), these lateral cross-

bars are characteristic. In the specimen which I have

examined (no. 1842, Museum of Comparative Zoology) these

ares consist usually of two, sometimes of three plates, but the

outer, usually spiniferous, superomarginal is oriented trans-

versely, and the inner, inferomarginal, more longitudinally,

as in ehirophora, laetea, and perrieri.

Keehler may be correct in his interpretation of the lateral

plates of jofret and belgice, but I think Ludwig is correct in

considering as superomarginal the outer of the two lateral

plates of chirophora, lactea, and perriert.

eal al

Mr. W. K, Fisher— Votes on Asteroidea, 595

Now if the genus Peedasterias is to rest on the structure of

the marginals, it must obviously include perriert and lactea.

The presence in delgice and studere of several plates (instead

of only two) in each lateral bar appears to represent simply a

slightly less degenerate condition of the abactinal skeleton.

In tenera one or two small plates are sporadically present

above the relatively large superomarginal. ‘These small

plates are homologous to the additional lateral plates of be/gica,

tt follows, therefore, that there is nothing characteristic

about the marginal plates of chirophora, which ave practically

identical with those of the earlier Lysasterias, Fisher (type,

A. perrieri).

It Pedasterias is to be maintained as a genus, it must be

on the strength of the large spatulate, unguiculate, straigit

pedicellaria, But in P. yoffrec, which has the unguiculate

pedicellariz in a less developed form, the lateral arcs are not

those of chirophora, the type, but of belyicw, in Ludwig’s

second group. If the pedicellarize are an index of relation-

ship, then the details of the lateral arcs are unimportant,

possibly not constant within a species.

The genus Pedasterias appears to have been founded upon

a misconception. Ludwig (loc. cit. p. 42) says of chiro-

phora :—* Die Spangen haben (mit Ausnahme der Armspitze)

keine oberen Randstachel ; grosse Tatzen pedicellarien vor-

handen.” Verrill (doc. eit.) diagnoses the genus :—“... The

upper marginal plates being absent, except as rudiments

distally.” Ludwig states that the upper marginal plates are

present. Verrill’s “ upper marginal plates” is a lapsus for

oberen Rundstachel.

Until the species of Lysastertas are better known,

Pedasterias can well be dispensed with.

Anasterias octoradiata, Koehler*.—This curious eight-

rayed sea-star has been well described and figured by Dr. R.

Keelhler. It differs in several particulars from typical

Anasterias (i. e., Lysasterias). IL tiave examined the type

and only specimen, which is now in the U.S. National

Museum (no, 38200). It has a complete irregularly reticulate

abactinal skeleton, consisting of very numerous, small, but

fairly robust, oval, elliptical-oblong, and a few irregularly

three-lobed plates (which latter perhaps represent the primary

dorso-laterals). ‘Lhere is an irregular carinal series, of which

the plates are no larger than the others, ‘lhe abactinal

* ‘Science Bulletin, Museum of the Brooklyn Institute of Arts and

Sciences,’ vol. ii, no. 4, p. 64, pl. xiv. figs, 1-7: South Georgia,

596 Mr. W. K. Fisher—Notes on Asterotdea.

plates are joined to the superomarginals by transverse bands

of plates which are a little more regular than the others, and

between consecutive trabeculz are broad (but short) papular

areas, which form a zone just above the superomarginal

plates. These papular areas, or skeletal meshes, are larger

than the other abactinal and the intermarginal meshes. The

marginal plates are fairly robust and of the form usually

found in the Asteriinee—namely, four-lobed. The descending

Jobe of the superomarginal is the longest, and strongly

overlaps the ascending Jobe of the inferomarginal. The

superomarginals are regularly monacanthid, while most of

tle inferomarginals are diplacanthid. There is a very incon-

spicuous series of sinall spineless actinal plates.

The skeleton is as well developed as in some specimens of

Sporasterias antarctica which I have examined.

The gonads are not present in all rays, and are attached to

the body-wall on a level with the superomarginals ; but the

duct turns downward, and I believe that I have demonstrated

its external opening on the ventral surface, on a papilla,

close to the interradial line.

I propose to separate this species from Lysasterias under

the generic title of Awhleraster, in honour of Dr. Réné

Koehler, of Lyons, well known for his numerous admirable

papers on Antarctic echinoderms.

Kehleraster differs from Lysasterias in having an open but

perfectly normal, irregularly reticulate, abactinal skeleton

and well-developed marginal skeleton. It differs from the

species of Sporastertas in possessing a thick, highly pustu-

lated, ‘‘ cauliflower ” skin,

Parastichaster, Koeller (‘ Asteroidea, Australian Antaretie

Expedition,’ p. 89).— Type, PB. mawsoni, Koehler, first species.

In addition to the six-rayed type, Dr. Koehler describes two

other species—directus, having 5 rays, and spherulatus, with

6 or 8 rays. These are stout-rayed monacanthid sea-stars,

having a rather irregular dorso-latera] skeleton, small carinals,

and relatively much smaller superomarginals than in Stech-

aster, to which Koehler compares the new group. The

gonads open ventrally and the young are carried in a cluster

over the mouth. The stubby inferemarginal spines are

arranged in short, oblique, transverse series,

All these features are characteristic of Sporasterias sptwra-

bilis (Bell) and adult S. rugispina (Stimpson). In faet,

Parastichaster mawsoni suggests a six-rayed Sporastertas

spirabilis, The ;eedophoric habit and monacanthid adambu-

Mr. W. K. Fisher—Notes on Asteroidea. 597

lacrals are outstanding common characters of Sporastertas

and Parastichaster, and the genera are probably identical.

This agreement between a genus which Koehler considers

one of the Stichasterine and a group that L place in the

Aster ing illustrates how impossible it isin practice to delimit

the Stichasterinazs. The Stichasteride seemed to be a recog-

nizable group when Perrier and Sladen were working, but it

now consists of a series of superficially similar but sometimes

quite distantly related forms. Occasionally even the simi-

larity is slight. arsaster, for instance, is closely related to

Pedicellaster.

Stichorella, Koehler (loc. cit. p. 89).—Type, Stichaster

suferi, de Loviol. I have acted a specimen of this species

from New Zealand (no. 18549, U.S. National Museum). It

had been dried, but, by soaking in water, the body-wall

became flexible, "and the gonads, although shrunken, clearly

appear to open ventrally, and the eggs are few and large, as

in other pedophoric species. Koehler (Joc. cit. p. 88) states

that he does not believe Srichaster sutert to be a pxdophoric

form, but from the context I assume that no specimens were

dissected.

I have also dissected a specimen of Stichaster suteri, var.

levigatus, Hutton (Auck!and Islands, N.Z.), and I find that

the gonads have large eggs and open ventrally. So also

Calvasterias asterinoides, which I have examined, has similar

gonads, opening ventrally.

In general appearance, and in the form and arrangement of

plates, S. suteri is closely similar to C. aster‘noides, but has

numerous abactinal granules (Koehler, oc, cit. pl. xxi. tigs. 1-5).

C. asterinoides has a more evident dermis and a few carinal

spinelets proximally. The Auckland Islands form, which is

more closely related to asterinoides than to sutert, has a carinal

series of short spinelets and a few seattered dorso-lateral

spinelets. I think S¢échorella is a synonym of Calvasterias.

Calvasterias consists of small, monacanthid, broad-rayed

Asteriid# having ventially opening gonads, a ’ vather sharp

ventro-lateral margin to ray marked by oblique combs of two

to four short inferomarginal spines; superomarginals very

broad (the largest plates of all), with one or two granuliform

spinelets ; dorso-lateral plates u-ually three-lobed in one or

two subregular series ; a definite series of strongly imbricated

four-lobed carinals ; abactinal surface with only a few

gianules, or with numerous granules, in longitudinal series ;

an inconspicuous series of actinal plates.

598 Mr. W. K. Fisher—Notes on Asteroidea.

Celasterias, Verrill*.—Type, C. australis, Verrill. Dr.

Keehler (doc. cit. p. 91) found great difficulty in obtaining

information concerning this genus for purposes of comparison.

I have studied a specimen of C. australis, the only known

species, from Christchurch, New Zealand. The structure of

the ray is so similar to that of Stichaster striatus, Miiller &

Troschel [aurantiaeus, Meyen, nec Linneus], that Calastertas

might be described as an eleven-rayed Stichaster striatus.

There are the same broad carinals and superomarginals with

transverse series of granules ; the same small inferomarginals

on the actinolateral border, with much coarser granuliform

spines or tubercles in oblique series (frequently two to a

plate) ; the same series of actinal spines that sometimes

appear to be part of the inferomarginal armature. The

adambulacral armature is diplacanthid or irregularly dipla-

eanthid and monacanthid. In the specimens of striatus

which I have the armature is diplacanthid and triplacanthid,

and only rarely monacanthid. On account of the number of

rays, the oral angles are narrower than in sérédatus, and the

adoral carina is much longer. The interbrachial septum is

stoutly calcified.

In the absence of any differential structural characters, I

think that Celasterias australis should be regarded as an

eleven-rayed species of Stichaster, typical in all respects.

Summary.—Two new genera of Asteriidz are chiarac-

terized—Lysastrosoma, type L. anthosticta, sp. u., trom

Morvran, Hokkaido, Japan; KAeedhleraster, type Auastertas

octorudiata, Keeller, from South Georgia. LKvidence is ~

submitted for considering Lysasterias, Fisher, the correet

name for Anasterias, auct., nec Perrier, and for regarding

Pedasterias, Vervill, a synonym of Lysuasterias, Parastich-

aster, Koehler, asynonyim of Sporasterius, Perrier, Stéchor ella,

Koehler, a synonym of Calvusterias, Perrier, and Ce/astertas,

Verrill, a synonym of Stichaster, Miller & ‘Troschel.

Anasterias lysasteria, Verrill, for Anasterias perriert,

Studer, is shown to be superfluous,

Pacilic Grove, California.

* Trans. Conn. Acad. Sci. 1839, vol. i. part 2, p. 247.

On the Genus Notykus (Mich.). 599

LXIII.—On the Genus Notykus (Mich.), and on a new

Species of that Genus. By Frank E, Bepparp, M.A.,,

D.Sc., F.R.S.

I recetvep lately through the kindness of Mr. Loveridge

some species of earthworms collected by him in the 'Tan-

ganyika district of Eastern Tropical Africa, which were

forwarded to me at the Natural History Museum. I have

to thank Dr. Baylis for forwarding them on to me at the

Zoological Society. Of these worms there were altogether

four specimens, of which I left one eutirely out of con-

sideration owing to its very softened condition. Of the

others one was in a very fair state of preservation for

anatomical study, the other two not so good, but still they

could be satisfactorily studied. 1 refer to these three speci-

mens as A, B,andC. ‘They are thus lettered in the collection

of the Natural History Museum, to which I have returned

them for reference by others. Specimens A and B were

collected on a footpath at Chanzuru, near to Kilossa; speci-

men C at Kilossa. They all seem to belong to one species,

in spite of certain apparent external differences, to which

I shall refer in the following description. For reasons

which will be also apparent in that description, I regard

these Eudrilids as a new species of Notykus, which I name

Notykus kilossensis.

The genus Notykus has been described by Michaelsen, and

not, as it would appear, examined by any other zoologist

subsequently to his two papers*. ‘The characters of the

genus and of the single species referable thereto are summed

up in the same naturalist’s comprehensive work upon the

Oliogocheta +.

It is not, of course, unnoticed by myself f.

Specimen A is about 90 mm. long, with a diameter of

4-5 mm. The second specimen is apparently of much the

same size, but has lost hind end, and both, therefore, are

quite approximate to Notykus emini. Michaelsen, however,

states that the setz of his species are delicate and not large.

This is not the case with my species, of which all specimens

* “ Beschreibung der yon Herrn Dr. Fr. Stuhlmann auf Sansibar und

dem gegeniiberliegenden Festlande gesammelten Terricolen,” JB. Hamb.

wiss. Anst.ix., Hamburg, 1891 ; ‘ Neue und wenig bekannte afrikanische

Terricolen,” JB. Hamb. wiss. Anst. Beiheft 2, xiv., Hamb. 1897.

t “Oligocheta,” in ‘Das Tierreich,’ Berlin, 1900, p. 396,

} ‘A Monograph of the Order of Oligocheeta,’ Oxford, 1895, p. 594

et passim.

600 Dr. F. E. Beddard on

show certainly very small sete anteriorly, but much larger

ones and stiffly projecting posteriorly and, indeed, for the

greater part of the body. This may be claimed, as I think,

as a distinct mark of specific distinctness of the two species.

So also is the presence of dorsal pores—a rare occurrence,

as is known, in Eudrilids. In his earlier paper Michaelsen

remarks that these pores were not seen; but does not allude

to them in his later memoir upon Nofykus. They are quite

distinct in my species, but only after the clitellum, and

are plainer perhaps in specimen A than in specimens B

and C,

In agreement with the characters of N. eminz, my species

has a prostomium which is extended for a short distance on

to the first segment.

The clitellum was developed only in A and C; as I judge

from an internal inspection it occupies segments 15, 16, and

is developed completely all round the body. These facts

are as in N. emini.

The spermathecal pore and associated pores are on seg-

ment 13 (and perhaps 14, see later), and the first examination

of the worms from external characters only would perhaps

lead to the separation of them into two species. In A—

and specimen C hardly differs—the aperture is elongated

from right to left, and measures about 1°5 mm. in length ;

its margins are rather tumid and furrowed at right angles

to the long axis of the actual aperture. The aperture when

viewed carefully shows that it is divided internally into two

pores with a flat dividing area. But these lie within the

single area and are thus sunk below the surface of the body.

In specimen B, however, the whole arrangement of the

various orifices is so different that it is, at first, difficult to

refer the two worms to the same species. I believe, how-

ever, that they are thus united, for reasons which will appear

presently. Here (in specimen B, which, it is to be remem-

bered, is less mature, having no clitellum and also with the

internal organs of sex less developed) there is a conspicuous

crescentic spermathecal pore with quite unswollen lips, and

with the convexity of the crescent directed forwards; behind

this are two large orifices nearly meeting in the middle line,

with the actual lumen blocked by folds of membrane sug-

gestive of a prolapsus. The three apertures lie in an area

which is about 8 mm. across and is furrowed, the lines

running longitudinally.

It is clear on a priori grounds that the retraction of the

two large pores of specimen B would produce a state of

affairs such as is to be noted in specimens A and C,

PES PAT gt OLE TOES

the Genus Notykus (Mieh.). 601

This matter will be considered further in relation to the

various organs which are connected with the three orifices

just described,

The male pore of this species is on segment 17 and also

in the middle line of the ventral surface. In specimen A it

is very small and measures about ‘5 mm., and is surrounded

by radiately arranged folds of the skin. In B the equiva-

lent aperture is much larger, and measures 2 mm. from side

to side. Moreover, in this particular worm the front margin

of the longitudinal orifice has two cushion-like projections

and the posterior margin one such projection. Here, again,

the differences in size etc, might be explained by a con-

traction of the body pulling in the external aperture. It

will be noted anyhow that the two apertures, male and

female, of each of the two specimens correspond in this

particular—i.e., both are retracted in the one and both

expanded outwards in the other specimen.

The external characters are to my mind alone quite

sufficient to distinguish the present species from Notykus

emini. The larger sete and dorsal pores of the former

contrast with the converse state of affairs shown in N, emini.

Moreover, Michaelsen speaks of the orifices on either side

of the spermathecal pore as “kleine spaltformige Oeffnung,”

and as “etwas nach vorn geriickt .. . schlitzformigen Oeff-

nungen,” which does not tally with the wide circular orifices

in my specimen, which lie distinctly behind the spermathecal

crescent-shaped opening. ‘That they belong, however, to

the same genus is clearly shown by the peculiar penial sete

figured by Michaelsen, which in both my specimens have

the end bent at right angles and covered with low spines, pre-

senting, as Michaelsen points out, a resemblance to a file.

It hardly seems likely that precisely the same modification

of the penial setze would occur in two genera. The internal

characters, moreover, furnish further proof of the generic

identity of specimens ; but enable me to add something to

what is known of the genus Notykus, and possibly present

further differences between the two species.

In considering the value of these apparent differences,

the greater maturity of specimens A and CU must be borne

in mind, ‘Thus, in these worms the interior of segment 12

was filled with masses of sperm on both sides of the intes-

tine, quite blocking the ceelomic cavity of thatsegment. Of

these I found no trace in specimen B, in which, moreover,

the sperm-sacs of segment 12 were much less developed.

These features are obviously due to different maturity.

Furthermore, the male terminal apparatus differed slightly

602 Dr. F. E. Beddard on

in the two. In A the masses of muscles forming a hollow

sheath for the single penial seta were thicker and more

numerous than in the younger individual. In both, however,

they reached to the converging ends of the separate prostates,

and were thus more conspicuous than in the individual

figured by Michaelsen in the first of his two memoirs dealing

with this genus. ‘This, again, may be fairly ascribed to

greater maturity in specimen A. In these characters,

therefore, there are no generic differences from Michaelsen’s

specimens, I have also identified the peculiar median body

thought at first by Michaelsen to be a median single ovary.

I have no suggestions to make as to the nature of this body,

except, perhaps, that it may correspond to the glandular

bodies attached to the end of the spermathecal sac in the

genus Eudriloides.

One internal character, however, fairly obviously cannot

be referred to differing maturity—that is, the conditions of

the intersegmental septa as to their relative thickness.

I have examined these in all of my examples, with particular

success in the case of specimen C, which was divided longi-

tudinally into two halves before further dissection. This

enabled an accurate picture of the septa to be seen. In his

earlier paper on Notykus emini, Michaelsen states that septa

5/6-9/10 are thick septa, but in the later paper that the

thickened septa are those lying between 5/6 and 11/12. Of

these, he adds, the middle ones are the most thickened.

There is an obvious discrepancy here. In his great work

upon the Oligocheta, in which the facts are presumably re-

vised, the thick septa are placed between 6/7 and 10/11, 5/6

and 11/12 being feebly thickened. In the example of

Notykus kilossensis, which I bisected longitudinally, the first

clearly marked septum lay just behind the gizzard, and thus

separated segments 5/6. Thereafter four septa, of which

the last two were thicker than those in front, separated seg-

ments 6/7-9/10. Septum 10/11 was a delicate septum

pushed forward by the mass of sperm collected in segment 1],

and might easily be missed owing to its lying for the most

part in contact with the septum in front. I shall again

refer to the septa in dealing with the spermathecal sac ; but,

in the meantime, I would point out that there would seem

to be a specific difference in the arrangement of these so far

back as segment 11. It may be also that the first example

of Notykus emini described by Michaelsen is different from

those subsequently examined, and is identical with my

species described here.

The organs connected with reproduction, in addition to the

the Genus Notykus (Mich.). 603

penial setz described above, also tend to prove generic

identity, though differing in detail (particularly the sper-

mathecal sac). There is in the present species clearly but

one pair of sperm-duct funnels, which lie in segment 11, and

one pair of sperm-sacs, which are in the following segment.

Spermathecal Sac.—The general characters of this sac

agree with those described by Michaelsen for Notykus emini ;

but there are certain details which require emphasis. I have

studied these in all three specimens: in two by dissection

from above—by cutting through the body-wall along the

dorsal median line; in the third (C) by dividing the head-

end of the body longitudinally and examining the sac in a

lateral view. The latter allowed of a complete lateral

extern:l view, as the whole of the spermathecal sac was left

in the right half of the body after the bisection.

In B, the immature example, the sac is divisible into

three regions : in the middle of a muscular region presenting

quite the appearance of a gizzard, which narrowed abruptly

posteriorly to form a narrower tubular soft-walled sac ending

behind in a slightly dilated extremity; anteriorly the mus-

cular sac became a soft region rather flattened dorso-

ventrally, which bent down at right angles to open on to

the exterior by the narrow crescent-shaped external orifice,

already described. When cut across, the gizzard-shaped

median region was seen to be very thick-walled, and its

muscular fibres gave to it a nacreous glitter common to such

structures,

Firmly attached to the terminal region of the spermathecal

sac and one ou each side lay two muscular bodies, spherical

to rather more oval in form, which have muscular walls.

These are clearly the “ Nebentaschen”’ of Dr. Michaelsen’s

descriptions. I did not detect in this specimen the delicate

sac involving the spermathecal sac which is mentioned by

the last-named author. But the egg-sacs were evident one

on each side of the anterior end of the muscular part of the

spermathecal sac. Some filmy membranes, which I could

not map out, are doubtless the remains of the ccelomie

chamber referred to by Michaelsen. These I refer to later.

‘The accessory pouches (‘‘ Nebentaschen”’), closely attached

to the outward end of the spermathecal sac, communicate,

as it would appear, with the exterior through the paired

orifices, described above as lying behind the spermathecal

opening. I cannot recall any structure precisely similar

to these among the Oligocheta. They might conceivably

be the vestiges of sacs formerly containing copulatory sete,

such as do occur in the group. But this suggestion is

604 Dr. F. E. Beddard on

not at variance with the possibility that they are to be

looked upon as evidence of the originally paired condition

of the spermathecal sac, which is held to be the primitive

state of affairs in the Eudrilide as in other families. In

this case Notykus would bear the same relationship among

the Pareudriliacea to the forms with paired (e.g., Pareu-

drilus) and unpaired (e.g., Eudriloides) orifices, as does the

genus Garduillaria among the Eudrilacea*, to corresponding

foun in that group.

On this hypothesis, the single median pore of the sper-

mathecal sac would have to be a new formation, the original

pores with their muscular ducts being converted to another

function. That there is no necessary difficulty in this is

shown by the case of Polytoreutus multiporus t+, in which

species that sac does form supplementary external pores.

In the two fully mature individuals the conditions are a

little different. When examined from above (specimen A),

' the muscular part of the spermathecal -sac is seen to be

mostly covered over by a large muscular flap, one on each

side; this presents the appearance of a thickened septum,

and, as I point out later, may indeed be its derivative. A

closer examination of this sheet of muscle shows that it is

in reality a sac—empty, so that its two walls, dorsal and

ventral, are in contact, thus giving to it the appearance of

an empty coal-sack lying across the rounded mass, which it

partly conceals. The two sacs seem to be continued an-

teriorly into a thin membrane covering the anterior portion

of the spermathecal sac. When the two walls were divari-

cated by pushing a mounted needle between the two walls,

the sac was seen to be prolonged downwards towards the

ventral median line of the body. To the side of and behind —

these sacs lay on each side of the body the receptaculum

ovorum. The position of this latter thus differs in the more

mature individual. This may be produced, of course, by

the growth of the flattened muscular sacs intervening.

In the bisected individual (C) the conditions can be

further examined, and their relationships to other structures

seen from the lateral point of view. Among other things,

the exact number of segments occupied by the spermathecal

sac can be detected: The anterior muscular part of this

organ reaches from the 13th to the end of the 14th segment.

* Michaelsen, “ Die Olizocheten Nordost-Afrikas,” Zool. Jahrb. xviii.

(1903), p. 498, Taf. xxv. fig. 23; see also 7d., Die Olizochzeten Deutsch-

Ostafrikas,” Zeitsch. wiss. Zool. Ixxxii. (1905), p . 301, fig.

+ Smith and Green, “‘ Descriptions of new Acar Earth worms Se;

Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. ly. (1919), p. 163.

the Genus Notykus (JM/ich.). 605

The softer narrower region of the sac following this lies for

a certain portion of its length in a straight line coextensive

with the clitellum—-i. e., occupying segments 15, 16. This

part is enclosed in a ceelomic sac and ends at septum 16/17,

which is in contact with the front wall of the large bursa

copulatrix, A further region of the spermathecal sac turns

abruptly upwards and lies dorsally. I do not see any

difference in structure here, except in the fact that, as

already mentioned, it ends in a slight dilatation.

Anteriorly the coelomic sac, which involves loosely the

tubular region of the spermathecal sac, and therefore encloses

a considerable hollow space in addition to that sac, appears

to be continuous with the muscular sacs already described

as lying upon the muscular mid region of the spermathecal

sac. lt connects them together and to the walls of seg-

ment 13; the wall of this part of the celomic sac is,

however, more closely attached to the surface of the mus-

cular section of the spermathecal sac. There is but a narrow

cavity within it. I am disposed to believe—but I cannot

absolutely prove the matter—that the peri-spermathecal

coelomic sac is continuous with the sac lying between the

two sheets of muscle on each side, which extend over the

muscular region of the spermathecal sac in the way that has

been described. As in specimen B, already described, the

spermathecal sac ends in front in a rather flattened strap-

shaped region bending down at right angles, or nearly so,

to the median muscular part to approach the median line

of the body-wall. An actual external orifice, if present, is

hardly visible, aud it is quite possible that it is plugged, as

is the case tor example with species of Eudriloides—e. y.,

Li. cotterilli, as figured by myself *.

Neither in “ A” nor “ CU” could I find the crescent-shaped

pore so obvious in “ B.”” Futhermore, it is plain from this

longitudinal section of the worm that the spermathecal pore

is not retracted with the external orifices of the ‘‘ Neben-

taschen.” Nor could they very well be retracted, I should

imagine, from a cousideration of the structure of these

arts.

This fact of itself is a difference from the other species of

the genus, Notykus emini, in which Michaelseu distinetly

states that the spermathecal pore itself can be retracted

together with the orifices of the “ Nebentaschen.” This

could hardly be possible in the present species, and for the

* “A Contribution to our Knowledge of the Oligochwta of Tropical

Eastern Africa,” Quart. J. Micr. Sci. xxxvi. (n.s.), pl. xvii. fig. 16,

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. x. 41

606 On the Genus Notykus (Mich.).

following reasons:—The external orifices of the “ Neben-

taschen ”’ in the bisected specimen now under consideration

are considerably retracted, as I have explained; but the

distance between their openings and the lune along which

the spermathecal pore touches the body-wall, which is very

plain, is considerable. For, while the spermathecal pore is

clearly upon segment 13, the pores of the muscular appen-

dices are not only in the 14th segment, but some little way

within it. A great area would have to be pulled inside the

body-cavity if the spermathecal pores were to be withdrawn.

Furthermore, the strap-like external region of the sperma-

thecal sac is tightly tied to the slender wall forming the

septum 12/18, which together with the spermathecal sac

itself forms a closed cavity within which lies the peculiar

accessory gland, referred to above, aud—as I believe, though

I have not clearly seen them—the ovaries and the funnel of

the oviduct. All this complex would have to be pulled in-

wards if the spermathecal pore were retracted, and it does

not seem possible. In any case, the spermathecal pore was

not retracted in this specimen.

The muscular double-walled bands lying across the sper-

mathecal sac, which have been described, lie, it should be

added, in an oblique direction from before backwards ; it is

possible that they represent septum 14/15, which is other-

wise not recognisable. Nor, for the matter of that, is the

next septum—~. e., 15/16.

In the angle which lies between the muscular gizzard-like

region of the spermathecal sac and the anterior downwardly

directed external passage of the same lies a triangular-

shaped muscular sac, which is clearly the ‘‘ Nebentasche”

of its side. It is not so uniformly rounded as in the less

mature example B; but ends above in quite a pointed end.

It lies over the gizzard-like region and is marked off by a

deep furrow from the strap-shaped end of the spermathecal

sac, and by a less marked, but still quite marked, furrow

from a muscular layer lying across the gizzard-shaped median

region of tle spermathecal sac.

The two masses of muscle, thus brought into intimate

connection with the spermathecal sac, must presumably,

when contracting, tend to compress the sac and to squeeze

out its contents. If this sac, as in the allied genus StwAl-

mannia, coutains a spermatophore, this might conceivably

be expelled by the contractions. But of such functions we

know nothing in these and allied worms.

Nothing at all corresponding to the posterior double sheet

On new Mammals from Korea and Manchuria. 607

of muscle occurring in Notykus kilossensis is mentioned by

Michaelsen in Notykus emini.

It will be plain from the above account of the sperma-

thecal sac in the two mature examples of my new species,

A and C, that there are differences between them which are

probably to be put down to greater maturity in the speci-

region of the spermathecal sac in A are much thicker than

the thin sheet which is described above in the bisected indi-

vidual C. Their lumen also appears to be continuous with

that of the “ Nebentaschen,” with which, indeed, they seem

to be quite continuous structures—a backward extension,

that is to say, of the “ Nebentaschen.” The conditions observ-

able in specimen C may indicate that the actual origin of the

‘“* Nebeutaschen ” and the posterior sacs of the spermathecal

sac are distinct. But I have not ascertained whether the

undoubtedly more delicate muscular layer of the posterior

region of the spermathecal sac in C is actually double, aud,

therefore, contains a lumen. Intermediate stages appear to

me to be wanting—the two do not constitute a chain with-

out a break.

LXIV.—On some new Mammals from Korea and Manchuria.

By Prof. ‘Il’. Morr, Keijo High School, Seoul, Korea.

In the course of some studies of Korean and Manchurian

mammals, undertaken in the British Museum (Natural

History), by the kind permission of Sir Sidney I’. Harmer

and Mr, Oldfield Thomas, I have found the following hitherto

unnamed mammals. The types of these have been presented

to the British Museum.

Nyctereutes koreensis, sp. 0.

Nyctereutes procyonoides, Gray, Thomas, P. Z. 8. 1907, p. 464.

Type.—Adult male (skin and skull). Original number 2.

Collected at Giseifu, near Seoul, Korea, January 24th, 1922,

by Mr. Hizo Takahashi. B.M. no. 22. 10. 6. 6.

Diagnosis.—Size less than that of Nyctereutes ussuriensis,

Matschie, and .V. amurensis, Matschie, of the Amur region,

Cheek darker, forehead and part under the ear whiter than in

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On new Mammals from Korea and Manchuria. 609

the Chinese N. procyonoides, Gray, and Japanese JV. viver-

rinus, Temminck ; and central black stripe conspicuously

like the mane.

Skull with zygomatic arch wider and auditory bulle larger,

As distinguishing charaeter, premaxille extend backwards to

the narrow point of the projecting frontals, thus completely

cutting off the maxilla from the nasals.

Colour.—Fur very long, soft, and thick. Head: cheek

black, nose tawny olive, forehead whitish with blackish tip

to the hair, and under the ear white with long white hair.

Ear rufous with dark brownish margin. From the top of

the head over the neck to the shoulder-mane a single con-

tinuous black stripe ; this stripe extends to the upper part of

the body and down the hip. The upper part of the body

and the hip rather dark brownish, with black tip and

greyish-white base to the long hair (length 90 mm.) and

thick buff underfur. The sides of the body covered with

dark brown intermixed with greyish-white hair. Chin dark

slate, throat and breast of a dirty fawn-colour, with dark

brownish tip to the hair. ‘Tail bushy, end and upper part

blackish, underpart buff. Foot blackish slate.

Dimensions (from dry skin).—Head and body 660 mm. ;

tail 180.

Skull: greatest length 119; basal length 110; greatest

breadth 69; nasal length 46; length of naso-frontal suture

21:5; length of naso-premaxillary suture 25; breadth of

premaxillary 16; breadth of maxille over the canine 22 ;

breadth of the postorbital process 34°5 ; frontal length 50 ;

palatal length 55°5; length of upper molar tooth-row 39;

mandible length 91; mandible height 49; distance of JZ* to

P* 23.

Specimens examined.—Three, all from Korea.

I append (p. 608) my measurements of the skulls of

N. viverrinus, NV. procyonoides, and N. koreensis, with those

of NV. ussuriensis and NV. amurensis given by Professor Paul

Matschie, who describes them as new *.

Felis manchurica, sp. n.

Type.—Atult male (skin only). Original number 1.

Collected near Mukden, the capital of Manchuria, February

14th, 1922, by Munekatsu Nagura. B.M. no. 22. 10. 6. 4.

Diagnosis.—This species can be distinguished from Felis

mucrotis, A. M.-Edwards, and Felis euptilura, Klliot, with

* Paul Matschie, ‘ Ueber Chinesische Saugetiere, besonders aus den

Sammlungen des Herr Wilhelm Filchner,’ pp, 178-180 (1907),

610 Prof. T. Mori on new

which it is nearest allied, by its having (1) ground-colour

whitish grey with whitish underfur, (2) two large dark

brown stripes on the shoulder, (3) long, bushy, ringed tail.

Colour.—F ur soft, thick, and rather long. Ground-colour

of the body whitish grey, covered with dark reddish-brown

spots. On the head there are white lines each side of

the nose and under the eye; two dark brown stripes in the

centre, commencing at the top of the nose and on each side

of it, and two more beginning at each eye, passing over

the top of the head and down the back of the neck to the

shoulders. On the shoulder are situated two large, oblong,

blackish-brown patches, and on each side two long reddish-

brown stripes; a dark brown stripe from the corner of the

eye runs back across the cheek to the base of the ear, and

another dark red stripe, starting below the eye, passes across

the cheek and curves back under the threat. In addition, a

dark brown line beginning behind the ear runs down each

side of the neck, and, turning downward, forms the band.

The centre of the back is much darker than the sides and

marked with many confused dark brown spots. Cheeks,

lips, throat, and breast white. The throat and breast crossed

by four bands (some of which are broken) of the colour of

burnt sienna. The belly is buff covered with chestnut-brown

spots. Legs same colour as the body, but the feet and inside

of the hind legs buff, with two or three imperfect rings on

the fore legs and four or five similar rings on the hind legs.

Tail long and bushy, reaching to the ground, with confused

markings at the upper part of the base and twelve or thirteen

narrow broken rings on the upper part of the remaining

portion ; tip of the tail black. Nose brown, with short hair.

The inside of ear is buff, the back black with a white spot.

Dimensions (approximate) from skin.—Head and body

730 mm. ; tail 850 ; hind foot 125; ear 38.

Charronia flavigula koreana, subsp. n.

Type.—Adult male (skin and skull). Original number 2.

Collected at Korio, near Seoul, Korea, December 16th, 1907,

by Mr. Eizo Takahashi. B.M. no. 22. 10. 6. 8.

Diagnosis.—This subspecies is most nearly allied to the

Amurland Charronia flavigula borealis, Radde, but is very

much paler in colour of upper part; underpart of the body

with whitish underfur. Size smaJler, tail shorter, and skull

narrower. ‘The white part of the chin extends sideways and

reaches to the auditory canal, which is not the case in the

Amurland form.

611

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612 Prof. T. Mori on new

Colour.—F ur soft, thick, and rather long. The head, sides

of face, feet, and tail dark brown. The dark stripes from the

ears extend backwards. Upper part of the body buff, with

whitish underfur, shading gradually to dark brown on the

hind-quarters. The hairs of the nape and upper neck have

buff tips with dark-coloured bases. Chin white, in hind part

the whiteness extends sideways as far as each auditory canal.

The throat light yellow and the rest of the underpart of the

body whitish, with white underfur. Soles of the feet hairy.

Dimensions.—Head and body 590 mm. ; tail 410; hind

foot 103; ear 34.

Skull: greatest length 102; basal length 95; zygomatic

length 57; least breadth at postorbital constriction 25; length

of palate 45 ; least breadth of palate between carnassials 15.

Specimens examined.—T wo, both from Korea.

Hydropotes argyropus, Heude.

Pére Heude, in ‘ Comptes Rendus des Séances de

l’Académmie des Sciences,’ tom. xeviii. p. 1017 (1884), gives

the name of “‘ Hydropotes argyropus” for the Korean Hydro-

potes ; but his description is very short. Therefore Mr, Ly-

dekker inserted the synonym of 7. inermis, Swinhoe, in

‘Catalogue of Ungulate Mammals,’ vol. iv. p. 258 (1915). |

But I think it a different species, from the following descrip-

tion of a specimen in my school, and [ propose to use for it

Heude’s name “‘ Hydropotes argyropus.”

Locality.—Mokpo, Zenranando, Korea.

Diagnosis.—Size of skull larger than that of H. inermis,

Swinhoe; the tips of the tusks curve slightly inwards,

whereas in H/. inermis the tips ef the tusks have a conspicu-

ously outward curve. The distance of tusk to P* very

short. General colour lighter.

Colour.—General colour greyish white, underpart whitish.

Dimensions.—Head and body 35 inches; tail 3; hind

leg 21.

Skull: greatest length 171 mm.; basal length 149 ; zygo-

matic breadth 75 ; nasal length 59; infraorbital breadth 35;

interorbital breadth 39; palatal length —; length of upper

molar row 49; length of tusk 56; distance of tusk to P? 20.

Sus coreanus, Heude.

Pére Heude, in his ‘Mémoires d’Histoire Naturelle de

Yempire Chinois,’ tom. ii. 1896, pp. 191-192, gives the

name of “ Sus coreanus’’ after an examination of three skulls

613

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614 Prof. T. Mori on

of a wild boar from Korea, but that description was in some

respects incomplete; therefore mammalogists do not mention

itat all. I give herea detailed description from a specimen in

my school, and [ should use for it the name of “ Sus eoreanus.”

Typical locality —Tetsugen, Kogendo, Korea.

Diagnosis. — Similar to Sus leucomysiax continentalis,

Nehring, but skull narrower, premolars of each half upper

jaw 4 instead of 5, lacrymal pits shallow and unrecognizable,

infraorbital foramen narrow and high (breadth 8 mm.,

height 13), and posterior margin straight. Posterior portion

of nasal, together with anterior portion of frontal, conspicuously

convex. Nasal cavity broader. Anterior portion of the

lower jaw slightly curved upwards.

Colour.—General colour brown (not black-brown). The

streak from angles of mouth to. lower jaw inconspicuous.

Underpart brownish. The bristles along median line of neck

and shoulder are lengthened and form a crest. Underfur

dense and woolly.

Dimensions.—Skull: greatest length 430 mm.;_ basal

length 855; zygomatic breadth 85; nasal breadth 225 ;

greatest combined breadth of nasals 38 ; palatal length 255;

length of 2+ 12° 235; rostral depth between P* 73; greatest

length of M/’+ 12? 46 ; length and breadth of AZ° 37 x 22 ;

length of upper margin of lacrymal 66; length of lower

margin of lacrymal 29; height of anterior margin of lacrymal

33; height of posterior margin of lacrymal 30.

LXV.—On Two Forms of the Korean Hedgehog.

By Prof. T. Mort, Keijo High School, Seoul, Korea.

‘HE series of five specimens of the Korean hedgehog shows

that this strikingly characterized animal is represented by

two readily distinguishable forms, which may be briefly

defined as follows :—

Erinaceus dealbatus orientalis, Allen.

Erinaceus orientalis, Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol. xix.

pp. 179-181 (1903).

9, Korea: original number II. g, Korea: original

number V. From near Kanko, Korea.

A pale brown species allied to Hrinaceus dealbatus, Swinhoe,

by having wholly white spines intermixed with the pale

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616 Ona new Bat from N, Australia.

brown ringed ones, but size larger; molar teeth, especially

M* and M?, smaller. Muzzle darker and longer.

Erinaceus amurensis koreensis, subsp. n.

Type.—Adult male (skin and skull). Original number I,

Collected at Kaijo, north of Seoul, Korea. B.M. no. 22.10.6.1.

Diagnosis.—A dark brown species allied to Hrinaceus

amurensis, Schrenck, but size smaller and head much darker.

Colour.—W holly white spines intermixed with dark brown

ringed ones; the spiny dorsal area is brownish, as in Hrina-

ceus europeus, L. Head blackish brown; shoulder, sides,

limbs, and tail brown. Underpart pale brown, feet dark

brown. Ears small, dusky brown.

Dimensions.—Head and body 21 mm.; hind foot 38;

ear 20. ;

Skull: greatest length 50; basal length 47; zygomatic

breadth 31; palatal length 28 ; nasal length 15; interorbital

breadth 13; length of upper molar row 17; front of 7 to

back of 42° 25°5.

LXVI.—A new Bat of the Genus Miniopterus from

NV. Australia. By OLDFIELD THOMAS.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Tue British Museum has received from Mrs. Edward Wilson

some small mammals collected by her near Port Darwin,

Northern Territory of Australia. Among these there are

three examples of a Miniopterus so much paler in colour than

any other member of the genus that they would appear to

represent a new form, which, in honour of its collector, may

be called

Mintopterus oriane, sp. n.

General characters as in the larger species referred to

M. schreibersi. Colour nearly uniform pale brown (near, but

not quite as dark as, “sayal-brown”). Under surface cinna-

mon, the inguinal region a little paler. Head faintly greyer

than back.

Skull large, well inflated, agreeing closely with Queensland

specimens referred to M. schreibersi. Much larger than in

M. australis.

Dimensions of the type :—

Forearm 44 mm.

Head and body 57; tail 47; third finger, metacarpus 40,

first phalanx 10, second phalanx 34.

On new Species of Neuroptera. 617

Skull: greatest length 15°2 ; breadth of brain-case 8:2.

Hab. Port Darwin, North Australia. Type from Casuarina

Bay ; sea-level.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 22.10.8.1. Original num-

ber 5. Collected 9th July, 1922, and presented by

Mrs. Oriana F. Wilson. Three specimens.

The remarkably pale brown colour of this Miniopterus

distinguishes it from any other memher of the genus, for

other pale species are of quite a different and more greyish

kind of pallor.

LXVII.—New Speetes of Neuroptera in the British Museum.

By P. Espen-Perersen, Silkeborg, Denmark.

By the kindness of Mr. Herbert Campion I have had the

pleasure of looking over some Neuroptera belonging to the

British Museum. Amongst the material three wew and

‘undescribed species were found—viz., Dispyaromitus vufo-

costatus (Ascalaphide), Palpares pulchellus, and Pualpares

auratus (Myrmeleonide).

Disparomitus rufucostatus, sp. n.

Clypeus, labrum, and palpi reddish brown; face blackish

shining. Vertex and face with very long blackish and

greyish hairs. Antenne two-thirds the length of anterior

Wing, sanguineous, yellowish annulated ; club broad, blackish,

somewhat paler internally. Thorax pale chocolate-brown,

with black streaks and spots ; dorsum of mesothorax with a

figure somewhat like that on the death’s-head moth ; hairs

rather long, black. Underside of thorax pale chocolate-

brown, with black and grey hairs. Legs rather short and

stout, reddish brown, with long black and grey hairs ; knees

and tarsi black; tarsi a little longer than tibiw; spurs

hardly as long as first tarsal joint. Abdomen very long,

much longer than fore wing, rather slender, blackish ; first

and second segments partly brown; basal part of abdomen

with a few long and black hairs, the rest of abdomen with

shorter black hairs. Dorsum of first abdominal segment with

a saddle-shaped elevation. Appendages of male very short,

their tip laterally directed. Wings equally broad in their

apical two-third parts ; tip obtusely rounded ; posterior angle

of the fore wings rather promineut, Cross-veius of wings

black; longitudinal veins with the exception of Rs and all

the branches from /’s and Cu, reddish. 2 blackish from

pterostigma to tip of wing. Pterostigma yellowish brown,

conspicuous, twice as long in hind wing as in fore wing; in

618 Mr. P. Esben-Petersen on

anterior wing it encloses three cells, in posterior wing four or

five cells. Membrane of wings hyaline; in subcostal area

reddish (almost sanguineous). “The base of wings blackish,

with a yellowish spot at the base of the fore wing. In the

apical area of fore wing three rows of cells, in that of hind

wing two rows. Rs emits six branches in both pairs of

wings. In fore wing six or seven cross-veins before origin

of &s, in hind wing five or six. In the central part of the

area between JJ, and posterior margin of hind wing three

rows of cells.

Length of fore wing 31 mm.; hind wing 25 mm.; and

abdomen of male 38 mm.

Fig. 1.

Eabhse

Disparomitus rufocostatus, sp. n., d, type.

1 g, Murungu Plateau, 6000 ft., Belgian Congo, at light

(7. A. Barns leg.).

I have without hesitation placed this species in the genus

Disparomitus, Weele (‘ Collections Zoologiques,’ Selys, Asca-

laphiden, p. 191, 1908), although the saddle-shaped elevation

on the dorsum of the first abdominal segment is hardly so

conspicuous as in the other species included in the genus.

Palpares pulchellus, sp. n.

Head jet-black ; labrum and front part of clypeus yellowish

(in the female specimen the labrum is blackish brown with

yellowish margins). On the clypeus a transverse row of

blackish bristles. Palpi blackish with yellowish articulations.

Antenne black. Vertex somewhat raised and with a median

longitudinal furrow. Prothorax dark brown, with narrow

new Species of Neuroptera. 619

yellowish front margin; three transverse rows of blackish

hairs. Mesothorax dark brown, with an ill-defined yellowish

spot on dorsum ; front part blackish-haired, hind part whitish-

haired. Metathorax with two yellowish spots on dorsum ;

whitish-haired. Underside of thorax blackish ; whitish-

haired. Legs blackish. Abdomen brownish yellow above ;

blackish below. First and second abdominal segments

mostly blackish above; tip of abdomen blackish above ; in

the male the apical segment is yellowish-margined poste-

riorly. Anal appendages of male as long as eighth segment,

ae,

Fie. 2.

& Beis

oe \

AN eas eS.

Palpares pulchellus, sp. un, (from Baviaan Krantz: Oxford University

Museum).

pale, blaeckish-haired, curved, and their tips convergent.

Wings long and slender; rather acute at their tip. The

ground-colour of fore wing sooty brown; at base orange-

coloured, The whole wing sprinkled over with numerous

hyaline spots, most of which are filled up with an orange-

coloured central part, circumscribed by a hyaline circle,

Venation of fore wing brown ; whitish in the pale-coloured

parts; most of the cross-veins in the apical quarter whitish.

Ground-colour of hind wing lacteous; hyaline towards base.

Maikings sooty brown.

620 On new Species of Neuroptera.

Length of fore wing 47-52 mm.; hind wing 44-48 mm.

length of body, ¢ 55, 9 47 mm.

1 g,1 2, Deelfontein, South Africa (Col. Sloggett, 1903-

109).

Besides these two specimens, I have seen another specimen

(head and abdomen lost) from Orange River Colony, 20 m,

above Orange River Station, Baviaan Krantz, 20th Jan.,

1905 (at light) (7. B. Parkinson leg.). This specimen was

forwarded to me for determination by Dr. Guy A. K.

Marshall, Director of the Imperial Bureau of Entomology.

P. pulchellus las much resemblance to P. dubiosus, Péring,

(P. jormosus, Bks.), from which it may be separated by its

peculiar and irroiated fore wings and by its larger size.

Hind wing of P. dubiosus with a large circular spot over fork

of Mo; in pulchellus is found an irregular spot.

Palpares auratus, sp. n.

Labrum and clypeus yellowish; each of them with a

transversely-placed row ot dark bristles. Palpi pale brownish

Fig 3.

: rx

= dh a : <—_ e

S222 9

qeedts eee,

ter

Palpares auratus, sp. 0., 2, type.

yellow. Insertions of antennze yellowish. Antenne lost,

with exception of basal joint, which is pale brown. Face

and anterior part of vertex brownish ; between the insertions

of antennze a longitudinal dark streak. Vertex somewhat

raised; in front with a short median longitudinal furrow; on

top with a dark spot at each side, and posteriorly with a dark

On Land Mites from Spitsbergen and Bear Island. 621

spot close to each eye. Prothorax brown, with an orange-

coloured lateral streak, and with an ill-defined, yellowish,

longitudinal, median streak. Meso- and metathorax orange-

coloured, brownish at base of wings. Venter of thorax

orange-coloured, Thorax with long, orange-coloured pilosity,

dorsally and ventrally. Legs brown, with short whitish

hairs and long blackish bristles. Abdomen orange-coloured ;

towards apex with brown markings. Base of abdomen

whitish-haired ; towards apex short blackish hairs. Wings

rather broad, with obtusely rounded apex. Markings pale

sooty brown. Membrane of fore wings strongly orange-

coloured ; that of hind wing hyaline, with the exception of

the pterostigma and the apical spot, which are orange-

coloured. ‘lhe four cross-bands in fore wing somewhat

tessellated. Venation yellowish ; in the markings brownish

red.

Fore wing 60 mm. ; hind wing 57 mm.; body 46 mm.

1 ¢, Kotakota, Nyasaland, 1911-447 (Dr. J. E. S. Old

leg.).

Only the present specimen is known of this peculiar

species, which is unlike what I have seen of other species,

both with regard to form and to arrangement of markings,

and also to the intensive orange-coloured membrane of the

fore wing. I can hardly imagine that this colour is due to

any chemical effect of the killing-bottle.

The specimen is in a rather bad condition; it has lost its

right fore wing and its antenne.

Note.—Mr. Herbert Campion has pointed out to me that

the generic name Colobopterus, Rambur (Hist. Nat. Ins.,

Névropt. p. 360), is preoccupied by Colobopterus, Mulsant

(Hist. Nat. Coléopt. France, Lamellicornes, p. 165). Ram-

bur’s work was published in the week ending 31st December,

1842, that of Mulsant about 6th August, 1842. Conse-

quently Rambur’s name (used in the Ascalaphidze) has to Le

changed, and I propose the name Ameropterus for it.

LXVIII.— On some Land Mites (Acari) from Spitsbergen and

Bear Island. Results of the Oxford University Expedition

to Spitsbergen, 1921.—No. 23. By Rev. J. E. HULL,

M.A

THE mites collected represent three families :—Thrombidiide,

6 species; Gamasidw, 1 species ; and Oribatide, 5 species.

All have been previously recorded as Arctic species, but four

Ann, & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 9. Vol. x. 42

622 Rev. J. E. Hull on Land Mites

lave not hitherto been met with in the region now dealt with,

and are marked with an asterisk in the appended list.

Localities are indicated by letters as follows:—

A. Prince Charles Foreland (July 1-10).

B. Bear Island (June 14-22).

C. Cape Boheman (July 12-16).

D. Gips Valley (June 26).

F. Advent Bay (July 18).

K. Bruce City, Klaas Billen Bay (July 25-August 11).

I. Thrombidiide.

1. Bdella littoralis, Linn. K.

Generally distributed in the Arctic ; also on the coasts of

Northern Asia and Europe.

2. *Bdella grenlandica, rag. A, B, C.

Type from Greenland (Levinsen). I have seen examples

from Jan Mayen (Bristowe, 1921). Probably passed over in

previous collections as a small form of littoralis. No other

records.

3. Bdella decipiens; Thor. A, F, D, K.

Exclusively Arctic. Generally distributed, but apparently

less frequent than littoralis.

4, *Bdella pallipes, L. Koch. K.

Siberia, Novaja Semlja. This seems to have been con-

founded with Wétoralis until quite recently, yet it is quite

common in Britain at all altitudes, but most abundant trom

about 800 feet upwards (in the north of England). Tragardh

(‘ Arktischen Acariden,’ 1904) makes it a variety of B. capil-

lata, Kramer, which itself appears to be a mere casual form

of littcralis. In reality pallipes is a very distinct species,

easily recognized by the equal length of the third and fourth

joints of the palp.

5. Cyta brevirostris, L. Koch. A, B, K.

Apparently general in the Arctic, but not noted beyond

that area, where its place is taken by C. laterostris, Herm.

It is cited by Tragardh (op. cit.) as a variety of the latter. It

is quite different, however—most obviously in the greater

relative length of the terminal article of the palp, which is

about two-thirds of the length of the second (in datirostris it

is less than half). C. latirostris is considerably larger and

ranges southward to the Mediterranean.

from Spitsbergen and Bear Island. 623

6. Rhagidia gelida, Thor. B, F, K.

Quite general within the Arctic circle, and not known

beyond it.

Il. Gamaside.

7. *Hypoaspis ovalis, L. Koch, g.

This I found alive (along with a single living example of

Scutovertex lineatus) in the moss used in packing a stone

from Bear Island. Koch’s single Siberian example was a

female, so the name cannot be considered absolutely certain ;

but in all essential characters the present example agrees

with ovalis,

III. Oribatide.

8. Scutovertea: lineatus, Thor. A, B; also Bear Island

(alive in moss).

Other records: Siberia, Novaja Semlja, Jan Mayen (Bris-

towe, 1921), Sweden, Britain. Always maritime in Britain

and Sweden.

9. Spherozetes notatus, Thor. A, B, C, F.

Quite general in the Arctic. Elsewhere my own British

records stand alone. In Britain it does not seem to affect

either the hills or the coast.

10. *Oribatula exilis, Nic. A.

Identical with Britishexamples. ‘Trigardh (op. cit.) makes

all other Arctic examples var. crassipes, L. Koch, which is

probably a mistake (see note on the next species).

11. Ceratoppia bipilis, Herm. A.

Quite typical, even in size. So also were examples re-

ceived by me from Jan Mayen (Bristowe, 1921). According

to Trigardh (op. cit.) all previous Arctic examples are to be

referred to var. spherica, L. Koch ; but he relies too much on

the accuracy of Michael’s figures in dimensional detail.

12. Hermannia reticulata, Thor. A.

General in the Arctic and probably also in the north

temperate region, though records are very few. Not rare in

Britain, and not either maritime or montane.

624 Geological Society.—M: iscellaneous.

PROCEEDINGS OF LEARNED SOCIETIES.

GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

June 14th, 1922.—Dr. G. T. Prior, F.R.5.,

Vice-President, in the Chair.

The following communication was read :—

‘On some Rugose Corals from the Burindi Series (Lower

Carboniferous) of New South Wales.’ By Prof. William Noel

Benson, B.A., D.Sc., F.G.S., and Stanley Smith, M.A., D.Sc.,

F.GS.

This paper describes two genera, one of which is new, and

includes observations concerning species of Lithostrotion from the

Burindi Series (New South Wales). The corals were obtained from

the western foothills of the New England Plateau, which occupies

the north-eastern portion of the country.

The stratigraphical succession of the region is briefly discussed :

this consists mainly of Upper Paleozoic rocks—Devonian to

Permian. The Burindi Series is made up of olive-green mudstones

and tuffs, with occasional lenticular masses of oolitie and crinoidal

limestone; and it was from these caleareous intercalations that the

corals were obtained. Reasons are stated for correlating the

Burindi Series with the Viséan.

The corals described are related respectively to Cyathophyllum

and Lithostrotion. Both forms are characterized by an abnormally

large columella, analogous to that seen in Cyathaxonia. 'The

genera illustrate a remarkable case of parallelism.

The species of Lithostrotion obtained from the Burindi Series

and from equivalent beds in Queensland share in common certain

small peculiarities of structure, which distinguish them as a group

from their British congeners.

MISCELLANEOUS.

On the Dates of Cuvier, ‘ Le Réegne Animal,’ ete. (Disciples Edition).

By C. Davies Suprporn.

Tue volume on Crustacea (VIII.) is absent in this set, and, as the

dates of publication are unknown to me, it was not possible to

include them in the list given in Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (9) x,

pp. 555, 556 (1922).

a ag eee es eee

SA ERSTE Dot Oe a

G25

INDEX to VOL. X.

ACANTHENCHELYS, characters of the

new genus, 296,

Acantholepis, new species of, 30,

Acari, notes on, 621.

Acomys, new species of, 107.

/Ephnidius, new species of, 169.

Alcimus, new species of, 40,

Alexander, C. P., on new or little-

known Tipulide, 83, 557.

Alofia, new species of, 289,

Amphineurus, new species of, 87,

563.

Anagaricophilus, characters of the

new genus, 80.

Anchomenus, new species of, 165,

Andrena, new species of, 265.

Andrewes, H. E., on Oriental Cara-

bide, 161.

Andrews, C. W., on the skeleton of

a large Plesiosaur, 407.

Anexodes, new species of, 355,

Anomoderus, new species of, 436,

Apheenogaster, new species of, 17.

Aphrophora, new species of, 159.

Apodemus, new species of, 404.

Arctonyx, new species of, 395,

Arrow, G. J., on Coleoptera from

the Seychelles Islands, &c., 73.

Aruta, characters of the new genus,

471.

Ashmeadiella, new species of, 545,

Asilide, new, 36, 517.

Asilus, new species of, 46.

Aspicolpus, new species of, 279.

Assiminia, new species of, 122.

Asterina, new species of, 416,

Asteroidea, notes on, 590,

Auriculastria, new species of, 121.

Aurivillius, Chr., on Coleoptera from

the Seychelles Islands, &e., 421.

Axana, characters of the new

genus, 471,

Barker, C. N., on new South African

Carabide, 170; on South African

species of Hypolithus, 359.

Beddard, F. K., on the genus No-

tykus (Mich ), 599.

Bibliograpical notices, 245, 553.

Bothriomyrmex, new species of, 27,

Brachyconger, characters of the new

genus, 217.

Bryozoa, on Mediterranean, 1,

Campion, H., on Odonata from Ar-

gentina, 290.

Camponotus, new species of, 31.

Camptocladius, new species of, 201.

Carabide, new, 161, 170, 359.

Carcineretes, new species of, 535,

Caricea, new species of, 581.

Carriola, characters of the new

genus, 468.

Carruthers, W., notice of death,

176.

Cheetolispa, characters of the new

venus, 386.

Chalicoroides, characters of the new

genus, 323.

Chalicorus, new species of, 323.

Chalicothere, new, 542.

Champion, G. C., on the S. African

species of Dinometopus, &e., 309,

Charronia, new species of, 610,

Chlnius, new species of, 171.

Cichlid, new, 249.

Clarias, new species of, 122.

Cockerell, T, D. A., on fossil Arthro-

pods in the British Museum, 157 ;

descriptions and records of bees,

265, 544.

Coelostomus, new species of, 164,

Ccenosia, new species of, 585.

Coleoptera, new, 73, 309, 421,

Colotes, new species of, 340,

Colpometopus, new species of, 352,

626

Connolly, M., on new species of

non-marine Mollusca, 113; on

African non-marine Mollusea, 485.

Crawley, W. C., on new ants from

Australia, 16.

Crematogaster, new species of, 21.

Cricotopus, new species of, 209.

Crocidura, new species of, 101.

Crossotarsus, new species of, 145,

Crustacea, new, 534.

Cyrtomychus, new species of, 78.

Dakin, W. J., and Fordham, M. G.

C., on some new Asilide from

Western Australia, 517.

Diamesa, new species of, 213.

Dicranomyia, new species of, 83, 558.

Dinapsid, characters of the new

family, 418.

Dinometopus, new species of, 311.

Diospilus, new species of, 230.

Diptera, new, 193, 379, 573.

Disophrys, new species of, 277.

Disparomitus, new species of, 617.

Dolichoderus, new species of, 25.

Dremomys, new species of, 401.

Dysmachus, new species of, 59.

Echinoderms, new, 415,

Edouardia, new species of, 120.

Edwards, F. W., on Diptera Nemato-

cera from Spitsbergen, 193.

Elnhirst, R., on Lucernaria quadri-

cornis aud related species, 221.

Endovipio, characters of the new

genus, 273,

Frinaceus, new species of, 616.

Esben-Petersen, on new species of

Neuroptera, 617.

Jxomalopsis, new species of, 265.

Euryglossella, new species of, 548,

Eutropius, new species of, 126.

Euxestus, new species of, 76.

Felis, new species of, 609.

Fisher, W. K., on a new sea-star

from Hong Kong, 415; notes on

Asteroidea, 590.

Flynn, T. T., on reproductive phe-

nomena in Tasmanian marsupials,

225.

Fordham, M. G.C., see Dakin, W. J.

Forster-Cooper, C., on a new Chali-

cothere from India, 542.

Gecarcoidea, note on, 530.

Geoendomychus, new species of, 80.

Geological Society, proceedings of

the, 245, 553, 624.

Gnophomyia, new species of, 565,

Gonaxis, new species of, 113,

INDEX.

Goodey, T., on the eel-worm in

paper-hangers’ paste, 297.

Gulella, new species of, 114, 491.

Gynoplistia, new species of, 569,

Tlackeriapis, new subgenus, 267.

Halictus, new species of, 550.

Haplochromis, new species of, 258.

Hastites, characters of the new

genus, 161.

Helcogaster, new species of, 356.

Heligmoneura, new species of, 61.

Helina, new species of, 137.

Helogale, new species of, 103.

Heterochromis, characters of the new

genus, 252,

Hinton, M. A. C., and Pycraft,

W. P., on the affinities of the

genus Lipotes, 252.

Hippeutis, new species of, 121.

Hirst, S., on a new Linguatulid

from the Adriatic, 289.

TLoleobracon, new species of, 274.

Homeodipnis, new species of, 354.

Hooleya, characters of the new ge-

nus, 160.

Hull, J. E., on land mites from

Spitsbergen and Bear Island, 621.

Hymenoptera, new, 418.

Hypolithus, new species of, 367.

Idobrium, new species of, 452.

Kershaw, P. S., on mammals from

Northern Rhodesia, 99 ; on mam-

mals from Nyasaland, 179.

Khalil, M., on the morphology of

Brachyclonus indicus, 235; on a

new nematode from the Norwegian

beaver, 281.

Leigh-Sharpe, W. H., on a curious

hermaphrodite frog, 111.

Limnophila, new species of, 92, 566.

Liparide, revision of, 449.

Liphistioide, notes on, 444.

Lispa, new species of, 387.

Lénnberg, E., and Rendahl, H., on

some new Silurids from the Congo,

122.

Lucernaria, notes on, 221,

Machimus, new species of, 65, 529.

Macromastix, new species of, 95,

572.

Macrotherium, new species of, 542,

Mahenes, new species of, 443,

Malloch, J. R., on exotic Muscaride,

132, 379, 573.

Mammals, new, 99, 111, 127, 129,

143, 179, 232, 242, 307, 391, 550,

552, 607, 614, 616.

eee

INDEX. 627

Marsupials, notes on, 225.

Mastacomys, new species of, 551,

Matopius, characters of the new

genus, 326.

Meriones, new species of, 552,

Microncemia, characters of the new

genus, 428,

Miltodes, characters of the new

genus, 162.

Mimecyrida, characters of the new

genus, 438.

Miscellaneous, on the dates of Cuvier,

555, 624.

Mollusca, new, 113, 485.

Molophilus, new species of, 89, 558.

Monocoila, new species of, 272.

Mori, T., on new mammals from

Korea and Manchuria, 607; on

two forms of the Korean hedge-

hog, 614.

Morice, F. D., on saw-flies from

Spitsbergen, 219.

Muscaride, new, 132, 379, 573.

Myiospila, new species of, 132.

Nasillus, new species of, 393.

Nematodes, notes on, 235, 242, 281,

297.

Neoitamus, new species of, 528.

Neosaropogon, new species of, 523.

Nesopupa, new species of, 119.

Neuroptera, new, 617.

Nopesa, F., on the probable habits

of the Dinosaur Struthiomimus,

152; on a case of secondary adap-

tation in a tortoise, 155.

Norman, J. k., on new fishes from

New Britain and Japan, 217; ona

new eel from Tobago, 292.

Nyctereutes, new species of, 607.

Nycteris, new species of, 179,

Obituary notice, Carruthers, W

176.

Obrium, new species of, 435.

Odonata, notes on, 290,

Olistherarthrus, characters of the

new genus, 336.

Opeas, new species of, 120.

Orgilus, new species of, 276.

Osmia, new species of, 266,

Palpares, new species of, 618.

Pampoverus, new species of, 54.

Parachromis, characters of the new

genus, 251.

Paradandamis, characters of the new

genus, 427.

Paraechinus, new species of, 507,

- Perameles, new species of, 144.

Perdita, new species of, 547.

Petaurista, new species of, 396.

Petronievics, B., on root-division in

the molar teeth of Tritylodon,

216,

Pheidole, new species of, 24.

Phellus, new species of, 521,

Philpot, F., on a new nematode

from the “ Saki” monkey, 242.

Pisces, new, 217, 249, 296, 587.

Planetes, new species of, 166,

Platygnathus, new species of, 425,

Platypodide, new, 145.

Platypus, new species of, 147.

Polyrhachis, new species of, 36.

Pristaulacus, new species of, 271.

Pseudohelcon, new species of, 278.

Pterolophia, new species of, 439.

Ptychotrema, new species of, 489.

Punctum, new species of, 119.

Pycraft, W. P., seé Hinton. M. A. C.

Pygophora, new species of, 381.

Questopogon, new species of, 525.

Rattus, new species of, 404.

Regan, C. T., on the classification

of the family Cichlide, 249; on

Clupeid fishes, 587.

Rendahl, H., see Lénnberg, E.

Reptiles, notes on, 155.

Rhabdomastix, new species of, 90.

Rhynchomydea, characters of the

genus, 154.

Ricardo, G., on South African and

Oriental Asiline, 36.

Robertsonella, new species of, 546.

Rothschild, Lord, on a new sub-

species of Zaglossus, 129; on a

new race of Bharal, 251; descrip-

tion of a new baboon, 232.

Rupestes, characters of the new ge-

nus, 398,

Savory, T. H., on the spider Liphis-

tius, 444.

Scolytide, new, 145.

Sherborn, C. D., on the dates of

Cuvier, 555.

Silurids, new, 122.

Sitala, new species of, 116.

Solenopsis, new species of, 16,

Spherotrypes, new species of, 150,

Sphecodes, new species of, 547.

Sphinginopalpus, new species of.

328,

Spilaria, new species of, 132.

Streblocera, new species of, 280.

Streptostele, new species of, 502,

Struthiomimus, notes on, 152,

628 INDEX.

Swinhoe, C., a revision of the genera

of the family Liparide, 449.

Tadarida, new species of, 392.

Taterona, new species of, 105.

Tayloria, new species of, 487.

Thomas, O., on lectotypes of typical

Tritylodon, note on, 216.

Trogloditica, characters of the new

genus, 148,

Troglops, new species of, 317.

Turner, R. E., on new Evaniide and —

Braconide, 270. _

Australian marsupials, 127; on a

new subspecies of Zaglossus, 129;

on bandicoots allied to Perameles

bougainvillei, 143; on a new

hedgehog from Aden, 307; on

mammals from the Yunnan high-

lands, 391; on a new species of

Mastacomys, 550; on a new jird

from Southern Palestine, 552; on

a new bat from N. Australia,

616.

Varicostele, new species of, 516. ;

Waters, A. W., on Mediterranean

Tervia and Idmonea, 1. “4

Waterston, J., on a new family of

Hymenoptera from South Africa,

418,

Webb, G. E., on some young stages

of Gecarcoidea lalandii, 550.

Webbia, new species of, 149.

Winn-Sampson, I’., onnew Scolytide

aud Platypodidee, 145.

Tipulide, new, 83, 557.

Tolmerus, new species of, 62.

Trachycystis, new species of, 116.

Trachypterus, new species of, 217.

Travassosius, characters of the new

genus, 281.

Withers, T. H., on a new brachy-

urous crustacean, 534,

Xenolispa, new species of, 385.

Xyleborus, new species of, 151.

Zaglossus, new species of, 127.

Zuphium, new species of, 167.

END OF THE TENTH VOLUME,

PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS

RED LION COURT, FLEET STREFT. _