XI B RARY

OF THL

UN1VLR.SITY

or ILLINOIS

580-5

FB

Return this book on or before the

Latest Date stamped below. A

charge is made on all overdue

books.

University of Illinois Library

W+« )*,

'- 1*9

;<?ST>

L161— H41

STUDIES OF

CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS— II

THE mmx OF rot

NOV191940

BY UNMER&TY OF

PAUL C. STANDLEY

CURATOR OF THE HERBARIUM, DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY

AND

JULIAN A. STEYERMARK

ASSISTANT CURATOR OF THE HERBARIUM, DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY

V

S" NATURAL

HISTORY

BOTANICAL SERIES

FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY

VOLUME 22, NUMBER 5

OCTOBER 31, 1940

PUBLICATION 482

326 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 22

branaceis scariosis dilatatis fuscis, 10-15 cm. longis, 2.5-3.5 cm.

latis, medio latissimis; scapis elongatis ca. 5-costatis teretibus tenuis-

simis, 0.5-0.6 mm. diam., apice dilatatis, 2-2.5 mm. latis, stramineis,

30-50 cm. longis, costis obtusis; floribus 2 sessilibus, involucre nullo,

fusiformibus 1-1.2 cm. longis anthesi 3.5-5 mm. latis, in fructu 6

mm. latis; bracteis plurimis ca. 14-16 glabris adpressis induratis,

omnibus acutis, infimis triangularibus vel ovatis, 1-3 mm. longis,

ceteris ovatis vel ovato-lanceolatis 6-7 mm. longis, prope basin ca.

2-3 mm. latis; sepalis 3 ovato-lanceolatis 7-8 mm. longis, bracteas

paullo superantibus, brunneis acutis firme chartaceis; antheris 6

linearibus tetragonis 4-locularibus fuscis apice unilocellatis poro

unico introrso dehiscentibus, filamentis inferne corollae adnatis

3.5-3.8 mm. longis; ovario triloculari, loculis 7-8-ovulatis, ovulis

matrice mucoso circundatis; capsula loculicide dehiscente nitente

fulva 9 mm. longa. — Panama: Prov. Cocl£: Epiphytic, growing with

orchids and ferns in tops of trees 10 meters tall, hills north of El Valle

de Anton, alt. 1,000 meters, June 23, 1940, Paul H. Allen 2153 (type

in Herb. Field Mus.).

The genus Stegolepis has been known previously only from South

America, in Venezuela and British and French Guiana. All the

other species are reported to grow in swamps or moist or boggy

spots on the slopes and summits of mountain areas. It is, therefore,

a surprise to find that this new species of Panama should have been

found as an epiphyte growing "in the tops of trees as tall as 10

meters," according to the notes of the collector.

This species is related to S. linearis Gleason and S. pauciflora

Gleason in possessing 2-flowered heads, but is amply distinct from

both species in several characters. From 5. linearis it differs in its

very much longer and broader leaves, more slender scapes, smaller

flowers with fewer bracts, and more numerous ovules, while from

S. pauciflora it may be separated easily chiefly by its leaf sheaths,

which are narrowed above and tapering gradually to the blade and

not auricled, instead of being abruptly rounded to the summit and

auricled, and by its more slender scapes. The family Rapateaceae,

rather sparsely represented in South America, chiefly in the Guianas

and the Amazon Valley, has not been recorded previously from

North America.

PALMAE

Chamaedorea Terryorum Standl., sp. nov. — Planta nana

acaulis 30-40 cm. alta, vel ut dicitur usque 75 cm.; folia parva

membranacea, petiolo 11-25 cm. longo gracili; vagina angusta

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS — II 327

oblique aperta extus dense striato-costata; lamina 21-30 cm. longa

9-15 cm. lata simplex obovatocuneata, rhachi 12-16 cm. longa, basi

acuta, apice profunde excisa, segmentis apice longe angusteque

acuminatis, supra in sicco olivacea, subtus vix pallidior, nervis

primariis utroque latere ca. 14 tenerrimis subtus prominentibus,

i nervis tertiariis sat densis et numerosis subtus prominulis; spadices

masculi plures longipedunculati cum pedunculo ca. 18 cm. longi,

ramis 16 vel ultra gracillimis late patentibus vel subrecurvis usque

6 cm. longis flexuosis, floribus remotis sessilibus sed non immersis,

rhachi gracili recta, spathis anguste tubularibus 3 mm. latis; calyx

tenuis late cupularis 1.5 mm. latus fere 1 mm. altus, obscure trilobus;

petala valvata oblongo-obovata 3 mm. longa in sicco fusca, apice

late obtusa vel fere rotundata; stamina petalis duplo breviora. —

Panama: Cana-Cuasi trail, Chepigana District, Prov. Darie"n, alt.

600 meters, March 9, 1940, M.E. & R. A. Terry 1452 (type in Herb.

Field Mus.).

In general appearance the plant suggests Chamaedorea Ernesti-

Augusti Wendl., of Mexico and British Honduras, but probably it

is not closely related to that, which Burret refers to the genus

Eleutheropetalum. C. Terryorum is one of the smallest plants of the

genus, and is notable also for its simple leaves and dwarf, much

branched staminate spadices, whose branches are more slender than

those of any other Chamaedorea I have seen.

LILIACEAE

Anthericum panamense Standl., sp. nov. — Herba erecta

glabra ca. 30 cm. alta, radicibus numerosis longis paullo carnosis

pallidis; folia magna lataque numerosa tenuia plerumque 22-35 cm.

longa et 13-18 mm. lata in sicco laete viridia apicem versus longe

sensimque attenuata, basin versus sensim angustata, ima basi in

vaginam latam pallidam dilatata, glabra, ca. 16-nervia, nervis tener-

rimis prominulis; inflorescentia foliis subaequalis vel interdum paullo

longior fere simplex et racemiformis vel ramis 1-2 brevibus aucta,

scapo inferne nudo, supra bracteis paucis lineari-lanceolatis viridibus

usque 4.5 cm. longis onusto, parte florifera usque 10 cm. longa et

ultra dense vel laxe multiflora, pedicellis gracillimis 4-8 mm. longis

bene infra medium geniculatis adscendentibus solitariis vel pauci-

fasciculatis; perianthium album, segmentis oblongo-linearibus 6-7

mm. longis obscure 3-nerviis persistentibus; filamenta gracillima

1.5-2 mm. longa glabra, antheris oblongis 1.2-1.5 mm. longis; stylus

gracillimus fere 3 mm. longus; capsula subglobosa viridis ca. 4 mm.

328 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 22

alta et aequilata subprofunde triloba, apice depressa; semina pauca

nigra angulata ca. 1.5 mm. diam. dense minutissime punctata. —

Panama: Hills north of El Valle de Anton, Prov. Code", alt. 1,000

meters, July 14, 1940, Paul H. Allen 2195 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).

Among Central American species of Anthericum this is isolated

by its large, very wide, and thin leaves, and by the small, white,

rather than yellow, flowers, with extremely small anthers.

ZINGIBERACEAE

Renealmia foliifera Standl., sp. nov. — Herba erecta ca. me-

tralis; folia pauca radicalia longipetiolata, petiolo fere ad apicem

vaginato, vagina dense striata; lamina magna 12 cm. lata et ultra,

apice acuminata vel rotundata et breviter abrupteque acuminata,

basi acuta, glabra, arete nervosa; pedunculus petiolis aequilongus

gracilis prope apicem folio 1 ceteris conformi et aequimagno onustus;

panicula spiciformis ca. 13 cm. longa erecta, rhachi crassa sparse

pilosula vel fere glabra; bracteae oblongae ca. 7-nerviae apice ob-

tusae vel rotundatae viridescentes ca. 2 cm. longae glabrae, brac-

teolis conformibus sed brevioribus; flores ca. 5 mm. longe pedicellati

in concinnos paucifloros brevissime pedunculatos dispositi, pedicellis

dense hirtellis; ovarium dense hirtellum late obovoideum 3.5 mm.

longum basi obtusum; calyx ca. 7 mm. longus anguste campanulatus

irregulare trilobus, lobis brevibus apice rotundatis. — Panama: Rain

forest, crest of Cana-Cuasi trail, Chepigana District, Prov. Darie"n,

alt. 1,650 meters, March 15, 1940, M.E. & R. A. Terry 1591 (type in

Herb. Field Mus.).

The flowers are described as orange. The material is not too well

preserved, particularly as regards the leaves. The plant seems to

represent a species different from all those reported previously from

southern Central America, although the inflorescence in general

appearance is much like that of R. concinna Standl., of the same

general region. The inflorescence arises from the base of the plant

with the leaves, and is distinguished by the greatly elongate peduncle

and especially by the large leaf borne from the upper part of the

peduncle.

ULMACEAE

Phyllostylon rhamnoides (Poisson) Taub. Oesterr. Bot.

Zeitschr. 40: 409. 1890. Samaroceltis rhamnoides Poisson, Journ.

de Bot. 1: 256. 1887. — This tree, which furnishes a rather valuable

wood, has been recorded in continental North America from the

Mexican states of Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosi, Hidalgo, and Yuca-

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS— II 329

tan, besides occurring in Cuba and Hispaniola, and in some of the

drier regions of Brazil and adjacent countries. It has been found

recently in Central America: Guatemala: Dept. Chiquimula: Rocky

(igneous) outcrops along gorge of Rio Chiquimula, between Santa

Barbara and Petapilla, 4-6 miles north of Chiquimula, alt. 350-420

meters, Steyermark 30237; a shrub of 3 meters. The specimens are

sterile, but clearly referable here.

ARISTOLOCHIACEAE

Aristolochia Steyermarkii Standl., sp. nov.— Arbor 6-metralis,

ramis teretibus gracilibus brunnescenti-fuscis glabris nodosis, inter-

nodiis plerumque 2-4.5 cm. longis; folia majuscula breviter petiolata

membranacea, petiolo gracili 1-1.5 cm. longo glabro; lamina anguste

oblonga vel lanceolato-oblonga vulgo 15-23 cm. longa et 4-6 cm. lata

breviter vel longiuscule acuminata, acumine angusto, basi paullo

inaequali obtusa, interdum subcontracta, glabra, supra in sicco

fuscescenti-viridis sublucida, costa nervisque fere planis, subtus

pallidior, costa tenera prominente, nervis lateralibus utroque latere

ca. 7 teneris prominentibus arcuatis angulo lato vel latiusculo ad-

scendentibus, venis prominulis laxissime reticulatis; flores axillares

solitarii, pedunculo fructifero gracili 2-3 cm. longo glabro; capsula

angusta glabra lucida, valvis 6 post dehiscentiam valde recurvis

4-4.5 cm. longis ca. 6 mm. latis, seminibus ut videtur numerosis —

Guatemala: Dept. Quezaltenango: Along Quebrada San Geronimo,

Finca Pireneos, lower south-facing slopes of Volcan de Santa Maria,

between Santa Maria de Jesus and Calahuache", alt. 1,300-2,000

meters, January 1-2, 1940, Julian A. Steyermark 33455 (type in

Herb. Field Mus.).

The most closely related species is Aristolochia arborea Linden,

which has abundant although very short pubescence. In that species,

too, the flowers are borne in small panicles on naked branches below

the leaves.

POLYGONACEAE

Polygonum aviculare L. Sp. PI. 362. 1753.— While Britton

and Brown in the Illustrated Flora of the Northern States and Canada

give the range of this species as "common almost throughout North

America, Asia, and Europe," their statement is certainly not true

for a good many wide areas in North America. In Mexico the plant,

doubtless introduced from Europe, is either rare or else not collected,

and it has not been reported for Central America, except for a single

collection from Costa Rica. The following collections of the common

330 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. 22

knotgrass are therefore worth placing on record: Mexico: Chuichupa,

Chihuahua, August, 1937, Harde LeSueur 1313. El Rosario, Distrito

Federal, August, 1936, L. H. MacDaniels 626. Maltrata, Veracruz,

May, 1937, Matuda S25. — Guatemala: Dept. Guatemala: On sand-

bar, erect, rare, large arroyo south of Guatemala on road to Amatit-

lan, alt. 1,380 meters, Standley 62846. — Dept. Chimaltenango:

Patzicia, in waste ground, Standley 61477; procumbent; locally

abundant. — Dept. Quezaltenango: Olintepeque, alt. 2,415 meters,

in edge of street, Standley 66003 ; called locally Tabaco. Near Quezal-

tenango, roadside, alt. 2,300 meters, Standley 66427; plants erect or

prostrate, common. On sand flat, eastern side of Rio Samala op-

posite Santa Maria de Jesus, alt. 1,500 meters, Steyermark 35068;

plants prostrate except for the central stem, which is erect; flowers

pink or rosy; leaves grayish blue-green.— Costa Rica: Tierra Blanca,

April, 1935, J. M. Orozco 302. In Costa Rica the plant probably is

of recent introduction, perhaps with grass seed. In Guatemala, like

so many other European weeds, it has the appearance of having been

long established, and has become a common weed in many localities

of the Department of Quezaltenango.

Polygonum longiocreatum Bartlett, Proc. Amer. Acad. 43: 51.

1907. — The species was based on a single collection from Gualan,

Dept. Zacapa, Guatemala, C. C. Beam 374. It has been noted from

the vicinity of Tela, Dept. Atlantida, Honduras, and several recent

Guatemalan collections extend widely its previously known range:

Dept. Zacapa: Near Zacapa, alt. 225 meters, sandy river bed,

Standley 72091 ; plants erect, the flowers deep pink. — Dept. Chiqui-

mula: Margin of rivulet, in mud, valley of Rio Chiquimula, 1.5

miles northeast of Chiquimula, alt. 400 meters, Steyermark 30127;

inflorescence drooping-arching; flowers pink-rose and white.— Dept.

San Marcos: Edge of stream, Rio Cabus, near Malacatan, alt. 300

meters, Standley 68878; plants erect, 60 cm. high; flowers pale pink.

AMARANTHACEAE

Alternanthera laguroides Standl. in Standl. & Calderon, Lista

Prel. PI. Salvador 74. 1925. Achyranthes laguroides Standl. Contr.

U. S. Nat. Herb. 18: 90. 1916.— In North American Flora (21: 143.

1917) this species is reported only from Costa Rica, whence it was

described, but it has since been recorded for Salvador. Several col-

lections now available show that it ranges somewhat farther north

and south: Guatemala: Dept. Guatemala, in 1940, Ignacio Aguilar

454. — Panama: Prov. Bocas del Toro: Lincoln Creek, in 1924, V. C.

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS — II 331

Dunlap 426; a vine. Banks of Changuinola River, March, 1924,

blimbing, Dunlap 515.

CARYOPHYLLACEAE

Cerastium guatemalense Standl. Bot. Ser. Field Mus. 17:

J244. 1937.— The type is J. R. Johnston 816 from Volcan de Agua,

iDept. Sacatepe"quez, Guatemala. Several additional collections have

jbeen made recently on the Guatemalan volcanoes: Dept. Sacate-

ipe"quez: Pine forest, scarce, slopes of Volcan de Agua above Santa

IMaria de Jesus, alt. 2,250-3,000 meters, Standley 65268.— Dept.

Chimaltenango : Slopes of Volcan de Acatenango, above Las Calderas,

alt. 2,700-2,900 meters, in open pine forest with dense tussock grass,

Standley 61872, 61893; common in this region. — Dept. Quezaltenango:

Moist pine slopes well up toward the summit of Volcan de Santa

Maria, alt. 4,000 meters, Steyermark 34153. — Dept. San Marcos:

Dry pine forest, between San Sebastian and summit of Volcan de

Tajumulco, alt. 3,800-4,600 meters, Steyermark 35517.

Spergula arvensis L. Sp. PI. 440. 1753. — While this European

plant has becone established as a weed in various parts of the United

States and Canada, it has not, so far as we find, been reported from

Central America. Two collections are available from Guatemala:

Dept. Quezaltenango: Cerro La Pedrera, south of Quezaltenango,

alt. 2,400 meters, Standley 66463; abundant in an old field. Along

eastern side of Rio Samala, opposite Santa Maria de Jesus, on sand

flat, alt. 1,500 meters, Steyermark 35058. The plant is thoroughly

established in the Department of Quezaltenango, and plentiful in

some localities.

MAGNOLIACEAE

Magnolia Allenii Standl., sp. nov. — Arbor 30-metralis, trunco

ca. 1 m. diam., ubique glabra vel glabrata, ramis crassis subteretibus

vel obtuse subangulatis, junioribus ochraceis vel fusco-ochraceis, inter-

nodiis brevibus; stipulae a petiolo liberae 1.7-2.5 cm. longae extus

minute subtuberculatae caducae; folia magna persistentia petiolata

coriacea, petiolo crasso 2.5-5 cm. longo supra piano, subtus rotundo-

convexo; lamina elliptico-ovata usque late elliptica 13-26 cm. longa

atque 8.5-15 cm. lata vel ultra, apice obtusa vel rotundata, basi

obtusa usque late rotundata et saepe breviter subito contracta et

ad petiolum subdecurrens, interdum apicern versus paullo angus-

tata, sed saepius medio latissima, supra in sicco griseo-brunnescens

fere opaca, costa nervisque plus minusve prominentibus, venis

prominentibus et arete reticulatis, subtus fere concolor lucida, costa

332 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. 22

solemn! ter elevata, nervis lateralibus utroque latere ca. 11 promi-

nentibus gracilibus angulo semirecto vel latiore adscendentibus sub-

arcuatis irregularibus prope marginem irregulars conjunctis, venis

prominentibus arete reticulatis; pedunculi crassissimi ca. 4.5 cm. longi

5-annulati, alabastro ante anthesin bracteis 2 connatis 3.5 cm. longis

induratis vel in vivo carnosis incluso, bracteis glabris in sicco fusco-

ferrugineis; sepala exteriora ca. 4 cm. longa et aequilata in sicco

indurata crassaque; carpella fructus juvenilis ca. 25 glabra. — Panama:

Hills north of El Valle de Anton, Prov. Code, alt. 1,000 meters, July

14, 1940, Paul H. Allen 2200 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).

From Central America three other species of Magnolia have been

described. The only one of these known from Panama is the recently

described M. sororum Seibert (Ann. Mo. Bot. Card. 25: 828. 1928)

of Chiriqui, which differs in its abundant pubescence, very acute,

much smaller leaves, and more numerous carpels. Magnolia Allenii

appears to be an unusually well marked species, particularly notable

for the petioles, considerably longer than those of other Central

American species, and conspicuously flattened on the upper side, a

character I have not observed in any other tropical American species.

Mr. Allen supplies the following notes: A tree to 30 meters in height,

tall, very straight, and handsome; bark gray; usual trunk diameter

about 1 meter just above the buttresses, nearly 15 meters to the

first branches; flowers white, fleshy.

MONIMIACEAE

Mollinedia darienensis Standl., sp. nov. — Frutex 1-2.5 m.

altus, ramis gracilibus glabris in sicco fuscescentibus, internodiis

brevibus rimosis; folia modica breviter petiolata chartacea, petiolo

ca. 1 cm. longo glabro vel glabrato; lamina elliptico-oblonga vel

lanceolato-oblonga 14-16 cm. longa 4.5-6 cm. lata subabrupte longi-

uscule acuminata, basi acuta, supra medium remote adpresso-serrata,

serraturis utroque latere ca. 7, supra in sicco fuscescens sublucida

glabra, costa nervisque non elevatis, subtus paullo pallidior brun-

nescens, primo ut videtur sparse sericea sed cito glabrata, in statu

adulto fere omnino glabra, costa tenera prominente, nervis lateralibus

utroque latere ca. 7 obliquis angulo lato adscendentibus teneris sub-

arcuatis, venis prominulis laxe reticulatis; inflorescentia terminalis

sessilis breviter racemosa ut videtur 3-4-flora, pedicellis fructiferis

incrassatis 1-1.7 cm. longis glabratis; receptaculum in statu fructi-

fero ca. 1 cm. latum; carpella pauca sessilia ellipsoidea basi et apice

rotundata ca. 1.5 cm. longa et 1 cm. lata laevia.— Panama: Cana-

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS — II 333

Cuasi trail, Chepigana District, Prov. Darie"n, alt. 600 meters, March

10, 1940, M. E. & R. A. Terry 1456 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).

CRUCIFERAE

Draba volcanica Benth. PI. Hartweg. 82. 1841. — The type was

found by one of the pioneer collectors of Guatemalan plants, Hart-

weg, in the crater of Volcan de Agua. Mexican material has been

referred to the species, but in view of the critical nature of most

Draba species, its identity is somewhat doubtful. Several recent

collections of the species have been made in Guatemala and adjacent

Chiapas, where the plant is confined to the limited alpine areas on

the tops of the higher volcanoes: Mexico: Volcan de Tacana, Chiapas,

alt. 4,000 meters, Matuda in August, 1938. — Guatemala: Dept. San

Marcos: Summit of Volcan de Tajumulco, in shade, crevices of north-

facing, rocky summit of the dome, alt. 4,600 meters, Steyermark

35538. Between San Sebastian and summit of Volcan de Tajumulco,

common from top of slope in pine woods to summit of the rocky,

alpine dome, alt. 3,800-4,600 meters, Steyermark 35521. — Dept.

Quezaltenango: Volcan de Santa Maria, among rocks on or near the

summit, alt. 3,768 meters, Standley 67730; Skutch 850, the flowers

yellow. — Dept. Sacatepe"quez: Crater of Volcan de Agua, July, 1937,

J. R. Johnston 801.

CAPPARIDACEAE

Capparis quiriguensis Standl. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 37: 52.

1924. — The type was found in a wooded swamp near Quirigua,

Guatemala, Standley 24048. Apparently the plant does not range

widely, nor is it common, for at present it is known only from the

Department of Izabal: Near Quirigua, in swamp forest, alt. 75

meters, Standley 72290, 72251; a shrub or tree of 3-6 meters; stamens

white or creamy white. Swampy jungle in valley of tributary of Rio

San Francisco del Mar, two miles northeast of Hopi, 12 miles east

of Entre Rios, near sea level, Steyermark 39769; a shrub; leaves sub-

coriaceous, dark green above, pale bluish green beneath. Valley of

Rio Motagua between Los Amates and Quirigua, alt. 80 meters,

Steyermark 38332; a tree of 6 meters.

Capparis Tuerckheimii Donn. Smith, Bot Gaz. 46: 109.

1908. — Originally collected at Panzal, Baja Verapaz, Guatemala,

Tuerckheim 11.1746, the species must be rare in Guatemala, and no

recent collections of it from that country are available. It has been

collected several times in Honduras, however, and may now be

placed on record from the State of Tabasco, Mexico, the determina-

334 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. 22

tions by Dr. C. L. Lundell: Mercedes, Balancan, Matuda 3009; a

shrub of 2-3 meters; flowers white. Reforma, Balancan, Matuda

3185; a shrub.

SAXIFRAGACEAE

Phyllonoma cacuminis Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Arbor

humilis omnino glabra, ramis gracillimis pallidis in sicco subangulatis

et striatis flexuosis, internodiis brevibus; folia breviter petiolata

subcoriacea, petiolo gracili 6-8 mm. longo; lamina anguste oblongo-

lanceolata 5-8 cm. longa 1.3-2.2 cm. lata, subabrupte longe angus-

teque caudato-acuminata, acumine usque 1.5 cm. longo saepe falcato,

basi acuta, supra in sicco griseo-viridis, costa impressa, nervis venis-

que prominulis, sublucida, subtus fere concolor, costa crassiuscula

prominente, nervis lateralibus utroque latere ca. 13 tenerrimis promi-

nentibus angulo recto vel fere recto divergentibus, prope marginem

arcuato-junctis, venulis prominulis arete reticulatis, margine integro

vel remote minuteque serrulato; inflorescentia e pagina superiore

laminae basi acuminis nascens parva pauciflora laxa, ramis pedi-

cellisque incrassatis, pedicellis 1 mm. longis vel paullo ultra; hypan-

thium obovoideum 1 mm. longum; sepala triangulari-ovata obtusa

0.8 mm. longa reflexa. — Guatemala: Dept. Zacapa: Cloud forest in

ravine bordering Quebrada Alejandria, summit of Sierra de las

Minas, vicinity of Finca Alejandria, alt. 2,500 meters, October 13,

1939, Julian A. Steyermark 29870 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).

The species of Phyllonoma, a genus remarkable because its small

inflorescences arise from the upper leaf surface near the apex of the

blade, are all much alike and, as generally treated, separated by

"feeble" characters. The present one is no more distinct than the

rest, but it does seem to differ decidedly from P. laticuspis (Turcz.)

Engler, the only other species of northern Central America, in its

narrow, entire or only remotely and minutely serrulate leaves,

which are thicker than in P. laticuspis.

Phyllonoma laticuspis (Turcz.) Engler in Engl. & Prantl,

Pflanzenfam. 3, Abt. 2a: 87. 1890. Dulongia laticuspis Turcz. Bull.

Soc. Nat. Moscou 31, pt. 1: 454. 1858. — In Trees and Shrubs of Mexico

(Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 23: 313. 1922) this tree was reported to

range from Durango to Chiapas in Mexico. Recently it has been

found to extend to extreme western Guatemala: Dept. San Marcos:

Wet forest, Barranco Eminencia, above San Rafael Pie de la Cuesta,

alt. 2,100-2,400 meters, Standley 68669; a tree of 4.5-6 meters;

leaves very lustrous. Dry, upper, forested slopes near boundary line,

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS — II 335

barrancos tributary to and bordering Rio Vega, between San Rafael

and Guatemala-Mexico boundary, Volcan de Tacana, alt. 2,500-

3,000 meters, Steyermark 36365; leaves firm, membranaceous, rich,

dark green and shining above, grass-green beneath. Same locality,

Steyermark 36299; a tree of 9 meters.

ROSACEAE

Licania costaricensis Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Arbor

elata, ramulis crassis teretibus ut videtur interdum ferrugineis,

novellis dense pilis rigidulis ochraceis patulis hirsutis, internodiis

brevibus; stipulae deciduae, non visae; folia majuscula breviter

petiolata coriacea, petiolo crasso ca. 8-10 mm. longo dense breviter

hirsute vel glabrato; lamina late elliptica, rotundo-obovata vel fere

obovato-orbicularis 8-14 cm. longa 7-11 cm. lata, apice late ro-

tundata vel interdum abrupte breviter apicata, basi acuta vel sub-

acuta et interdum paullo contracta, supra in sicco fusco-brunnescens

lucida glabra vel glabrata, costa nervisque ut quoque venis im-

pressis, pagina ita plus minusve bullata, subtus fere concolor, ad

nervos venasque puberula vel glabrata, secus costam sparse ad-

presso-hirsuta, costa valde elevata, nervis lateralibus utroque latere

ca. 9 teneris insigniter elevatis subarcuatis juxta marginem arcuato-

conjunctis angulo latiusculo adscendentibus, venis valde prominenti-

bus laxe reticulatis; paniculae parvae axillares solitariae vel fascicu-

latae simpliciter pinnato-paniculatae vix ultra 5.5 cm. longae sessiles

pauciramosae dense multiflorae, ramis gracilibus dense puberulis et

hispidulis, floribus sessilibus dense glomeratis minutis, bracteis

omnibus minutis inconspicuis; flores campanulati 1.5-1.8 mm. alti

et fere aequilati, hypanthio 0.7-0.8 mm. alto hirtello subcoriaceo,

intus prope basin hirtello; calycis lobi deltoideo-ovati acutiusculi

0.8-1 mm. longi, basi 1 mm. lati, utrinque hirtelli, erecti; petala cum

lobis calycis alternantia prope marginem hypanthii inserta, obovata

obtusa basi solemniter angustata, utrinque dense puberula, 0.8-1 mm.

longa, prope vel paullo supra medium 0.6 mm. lata, quam lobis

calycis tenuioribus; stamina perigyna cum petalis alternantia, an-

theris introrsis ovalibus vel subglobosis 2-locularibus crassiusculis

0.4-0.5 mm. longis, filamentis 0.5 mm. longis superne incurvis, in

disco annulari lobato membranaceo insertis, lobis disci lobos calycis

fere aequantibus; stylus gynobasilaris 1.2 mm. longus subulatus,

stigmate simplici; ovarium ovale vel late oblongum dense hirtellum

0.3 mm. longum 2-ovulatum. — Costa Rica: In pasture on hill, Villa

Quesada, Canton de San Carlos, Prov. Alajuela, alt. 825 meters,

March 14, 1939, Austin Smith F1779 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).

336 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. 22

"A tree with well rounded crown; bark dark brown, irregular;

leaves thickly membranaceous, almost rigid, the venation very promi-

nent, green, not shining above; inflorescence gray-green." Although

evidently a member of the genus Licania, the present species is so

unlike other members of the genus that its relationship at first was

not suspected. It has no resemblance to any of the few other species

of Licania occurring in Central America, and may be recognized at

once by its broad, almost glabrous, very conspicuously veined leaves,

as well as by its small inflorescences.

Primus barbata Koehne, Bot. Jahrb. 52: 284. 1915.— The type

and the only material reported heretofore for the species, apparently,

is Bernoulli & Cario 2916 from "Cumbre de Xuipach," Guatemala.

One recent Guatemalan collection seems to represent the species:

Dept. Suchitepe"quez, southwestern, lower slopes of Volcan de Zunil,

vicinity of Finca Montecristo, southeast of Santa Maria de Jesus,

alt. 1,200-1,300 meters, January, 1940, Steyermark 35262; a tree of

7.5-10 meters; leaves shining above and rich, dark, bright green,

pale green beneath; calyx tube greenish white.

Prunus brachybotrya Zucc. Abh. Acad. Muenchen 2: 348.

1837. — The tree has been known from various localities and states

in southern Mexico, but has not been reported, so far as we know,

from Central America. The following Guatemalan collections are

referable here, and several sterile specimens from the same country

probably are conspecific: Dept. Quiche": Finca San Francisco, Cotzal,

alt. 1,110 meters, Skutch 1860; a tree of 12 meters, the trunk 37 cm.

in diameter, with rough, furrowed bark. — Dept. San Marcos: Volcan

de Tajumulco, between Finca El Porvenir and Loma Corona, wooded

slopes, alt. 1,300-2,000 meters, Steyermark 37742; a tree of 6 meters;

leaves subcoriaceous, rich grass-green above, silvery green beneath.

Prunus rhamnoides Koehne, Bot. Jahrb. 52: 283. 1915.— The

type is Heyde & Lux 3090 from San Miguel Uspantan, Dept. Quiche",

Guatemala, at 2,000 meters. At present the species is known only

from Guatemala, but it may well extend into Chiapas, since in the

Occidente of Guatemala it approaches closely the Mexican border.

Guatemala: Dept. Chimaltenango: Cerro de Tecpam, region of

Santa Elena, dense Cupressus forest, alt. 2,700 meters, Standley

58711; a tree of 9-15 meters, with broad crown; common; flowers

white. — Dept. Quiche": Nebaj-Aguacatan trail, in hedgerow, alt.

2,430 meters, Skutch 1915; a pollarded tree, the trunk 60 cm. in

diameter. — Dept. San Marcos: Volcan de Tajumulco, along the road

between San Sebastian at km. 21 and km. 8, 8-19 miles northwest

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS — II 337

of San Marcos, alt. 2,700-3,800 meters, Steyermark 35634; a tree of

12 meters; leaves subcoriaceous, rich green above, pale beneath;

fruit oblong-ovoid, dull reddish.

Primus Salasii Standl. Trop. Woods 32: 14. 1932.— At the

time Prunus Salasii was published, little or nothing was known

about it, and there was available only a single specimen, collected in

cafetales of Finca El Pintado in the edge of Antigua, Dept. Saca-

tep£quez, Guatemala, at an elevation of 1,500 meters, by Jorge

Garcia Salas, formerly of the Direccion de Agricultura of Guatemala.

The species is a very distinct one, and it was published with some

suspicion that it might have been introduced into Guatemala, al-

though its collector stated that it was believed to be a native of the

mountains of central Guatemala. Too often such statements about

cultivated trees of Central America prove erroneous, but in this

instance Sr. Salas was quite correct.

The tree is a large, tall one, and makes a handsome shade tree.

It grows rapidly, and for both these reasons, perhaps, it is planted

commonly in fincas and parks of the central departments. There

are numerous fine trees in Antigua, and some in the capital, and

doubtless in other parts of the uplands. It probably was Sr. Salas

who forwarded seeds of the tree — known in Guatemala by the name

Carreto, which would suggest its wood was used in construction of

ox carts — to the U. S. Department of Agriculture, and that organiza-

tion seems to have distributed seeds rather widely. A couple of

years ago the senior author received from Australia a letter of in-

quiry, from a gentleman who stated that he had some of the trees,

and wished to know how long it would be before they were fruiting.

The fruits are disappointing, although, as might be suspected from

their exceptionally large stones, they are very large. When ripe,

they are dark red, but the flesh is scant and rather hard, and so

extremely bitter as to be altogether inedible. The following collec-

tions of the tree have been made lately in Guatemala: Dept. Guate-

mala: Garden of Don Mariano Pacheco, Guatemala, Standley 63116;

leaves from a seedling plant. — Dept. Sacatepe'quez: Hills of Finca

Carmona, southeast of Antigua, alt. 1,600-1,800 meters, damp

forest, Standley 63738, 63669; a large or very large tree. Above Las

Calderas, damp barranco, alt. 1,800 meters, Standley 59967; a tree

of 9 meters. Antigua, planted in a finca, alt. 1,500 meters, Standley

59958; a tree about 9 meters high. — Dept. Quezaltenango: Volcan

de Santa Maria, between Santa Maria de Jesus and Las Mojadas,

alt. 1,500-3,000 meters, Steyermark 33947; a tree of 9 meters. The

338 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 22

last collection is sterile, and may not be properly referable to P. Sa-

lasii, but the leaves seem quite characteristic of the species.

LEGUMINOSAE

Bauhinia sericella Standl. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ. 461: 60.

1935. — The only collection thus far known from British Honduras is

the type, Schipp 1197, from Jacinto Creek. Several recent collec-

tions indicate an extension of range into Guatemala: Dept. Izabal:

Near Puerto Barrios, in Manicaria swamp, Standley 73167; a small

vine; in wet thicket, a woody vine, Standley 73064. Wet forest near

Entre Rios, alt. 18 meters, Standley 72655; a small vine. Between

Bananera and La Presa in Montana del Mico, alt. 50-150 meters,

Steyermark 39186; local name Calzoncillo; leaves firmly membrana-

ceous, rich green above, gray beneath.

Caesalpinia exostemma DC. Prodr. 2: 483. 1825.— The tree

ranges widely, northward to Oaxaca and southward along the Pacific

coast of Central America, but heretofore it has been reported as far

south only as Nicaragua, and it was not listed in the Flora of Costa

Rica. Recently, however, it has been collected on the Pacific coast

of Costa Rica: Boca de La Barranca, Puntarenas, March, 1940,

M. Quirds C. 937.

Cassia pentagonia Mill. Card. Diet. ed. 8. Cassia No. 18. 1768.

—In North American Flora (23: 242. 1930) Britton and Rose cite

this name as a synonym of Emelista Tora (L.) Britt. & Rose, i.e.

Cassia Tora L. Somewhere something may have been published to

justify this reduction, but C. pentagonia was treated as a distinct

species by Bentham in Flora Brasiliensis (15, pt. 2: 114. pi. 34, f. II.

1870) and in his Revision of the genus Cassia (535. 1871). Bentham

in the two places cited reports the species from the State of Minas

Geraes, Brazil, and from "Central America," whence originally

described. The plant illustrated by Bentham in Flora Brasiliensis

is a very distinct species, in habit similar to C. Tora, but with an

altogether distinct fruit, noteworthy for its four narrow but con-

spicuous, longitudinal wings. The following collections of C. penta-

gonia have been made recently in Guatemala: Dept. Guatemala:

Estancia Grande, alt. 600 meters, dry thicket, an herb 60-90 cm.

high, the plants in fruit and all dried, December, 1938, Standley

59187. Near Fiscal, dry, rocky thicket, an herb of 60 cm., alt. 1,100

meters, December, 1938, Standley 59609. — Dept. Chiquimula; Mar-

gin of lake at La Laguna, alt. 500 meters, October, 1939, Steyermark

30719; flowers yellow; local name Frijolillo bianco. The plants

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS — II 339

?ound in the Department of Guatemala grew along roads, and

ooked as if they might have been introduced, but both the localities

ire somewhat remote ones, and it is more probable that the species

is a native of Guatemala and perhaps other parts of Central America,

but rare.

Crudia lacus Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Arbor praeter flores

omnino glabra, ramulis fusco-ferrugineis teretibus, novellis viridibus

igracilibus; folia modica 4-foliolata, rhachi cum petiolo 3-4 cm.

Jongo gracili viridi, petiolulis ca. 3 mm. longis; foliola paullo inae-

iqualia, inferiora aliquanto minora subcoriacea, plerumque lanceo-

lato-oblonga interdum ovato-oblonga 5-9.5 cm. longa 2-3.8 cm.

lata, apicem acutum vel subacuminatum versus angustata, apice

ipso obtusissimo, basi paullo inaequalia obtusa vel subrotundata

ima basi abrupte contracta et brevissime decurrentia, supra in sicco

iviridia sublucida, costa anguste subimpressa, nervis venisque pro-

minulis arete reticulatis, subtus pallidiora et lutescentia vel brun-

nescentia, costa tenera prominente, nervis lateralibus tenerrimis

brevibus angulo lato abeuntibus fere rectis remote a margine junctis,

venis prominulis arete reticulatis; racemi terminales solitarii sat

dense multiflori breviter pedunculati, parte florifera 5-6 cm. longa,

bracteis minutis, pedicellis rectangule patulis gracilibus viridibus

rectis 3-4 mm. longis; sepala cito decidua rotundo-ovata apice

obtusa vel rotundata extus sparse pilis laxis subadpressis pilosa,

parte persistente basali calycis fere 2 mm. lata; ovarium brevissime

stipitatum dense pilosulo-tomentosum oblongo-ovoideum, stylo

glabro 5 mm. longo. — Guatemala: Dept. Izabal: Shores of Lake

Izabal, on side opposite San Felipe, between Punta Dos Reales and

Punta de Lechuga, near sea level, April 17, 1940, Julian A. Steyer-

mark 39611 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).

From Central America there have been described only two

species of the genus, Crudia acuminata Benth. of the Pacific coast

of Nicaragua, and C. Choussyana Standl. of Salvador. It would

naturally be expected that a tree from the Atlantic coast would

prove to be a different species, and such seems to be the case, in

spite of the scant data available regarding the described species.

C. Choussyana differs from C. lacus in having leaves with 6-8 leaflets.

In C. acuminata, as described, the leaflets are 6 or fewer and nar-

rowly acuminate, and the racemes are described as 15 cm. long.

While collection of further material of the genus may show that

only a single species occurs in Central America, it is more likely

that all three species will prove to be valid.

340 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. 22

NOTES ON THE NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF DUSSIA

The genus Dussia Krug & Urban was described in 1892 and

based upon a single species, D. martinicensis, of Martinique. Since

that time the group has grown slowly, until 10 species are listed

for it, their range extending from southern Mexico to Haiti, Mar-

tinique, French Guiana, the Amazon Valley of Brazil, and eastern

Peru. All the species that we have seen — and that includes all the

published ones except D. sanguinea Urban & Ekman of Haiti and

D. Lehmannii Harms of Colombia — are much alike in general appear-

ance, so much so that if all had been collected in one limited area,

probably no one would give them a second glance, or suspect that

more than a single slightly variable species was represented. As it

is, the species have been established on very slight supposed differ-

ences, and it seems likely that when ample material has been assem-

bled in one place for study, at least some will have to be reduced to

synonymy. Amshoff, for instance (Medd. Bot. Mus. Utrecht 52:

50. 1939), has reduced two species described by Harms and Ducke

to the synonymy of Dussia discolor (Benth.) Amsh.

The specimens of Dussia that have accumulated from North

America are rather numerous, but few of them are in good condition

for comparison. The best and perhaps the only characters for

separating the species are found in the flowers, and of the 23 sheets

at hand, only seven bear good flowers. It may be stated that all

the South American material consulted seems to be specifically dis-

tinct from the North American, but it is probable that other South

American species, such as the Peruvian D. Tessmannii Harms, will

fall into synonymy. The species now known from North America,

of which we have seen material, two of them of rather doubtful

systematic standing, are the following:

Dussia martinicensis Krug & Urban in Engl. & Prantl, Pflan-

zenfam. 3, Abt. 3: 193. 1892. — Known only from Martinique, where

it was collected by Duss.

Dussia mexicana (Standl.) Harms, Repert. Sp. Nov. 19: 294.

1924. Ormosia mexicana Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 23: 436.

1922. — The following specimens, all from Mexico, are at hand:

Zacuapam, Veracruz, in 1913, Purpus 6326, type collection. On

hillsides and in cafetal, Mirador, Veracruz, only about four trees

found, March, 1935, Purpus 16459. Mirador, April, 1842, Liebmann

5355 (detached leaflets). When Ormosia mexicana was published,

attention was called to its similarity to Dussia martinicensis. This

similarity is so great that the two scarcely would have been sepa-

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS — II 341

•ated except upon geographic grounds. Harms, in transferring

Ormosia mexicana to Dussia, states that it differs from D. martini-

'Censis in its smaller and narrower bracts and small bractlets. No

(difference is apparent in the bractlets, but the bracts of D. mexicana

;are slightly shorter and narrower than those of the Martinique plant.

It is suspected that a future monographer of the group, with ampler

; material for comparison, will find some difficulty in keying apart

the two supposed species.

Dussia cuscatlanica (Standl.) Standl. & Steyerm., comb. nov.

Cashalia cuscatlanica Standl. Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 13: 441. 1923.

Dussia grandifrons I. M. Johnston, Journ. Arn. Arb. 19: 118. 1938.

—Of this tree the following material has been examined, that from

the United States National Herbarium having been lent for study

through the courtesy of the Curator, Dr. William R. Maxon: Guate-

mala: Dept. Quezaltenango: Colomba, in coffee plantation with

original forest shade, alt. 870 meters, December, 1934, in flower,

Skutch 2027, type collection of D. grandifrons; a tree of 30 meters

with open, spreading crown and smooth, gray bark; flowers pale

pink with a greenish streak along center of the standard. Rich,

forested slopes along Quebrada San Geronimo, Finca Pireneos,

lower, south slopes of Volcan de Santa Maria, alt. 1,300-2,000 meters,

Steyermark 33329; local name Palo de tigre; a tree of 7.5 meters.

Lower slopes, high barranco along Rio Samala, between Santa

Maria de Jesus and Calahuache", alt. 1,200 meters, Steyermark 33862;

a sapling 3 meters tall; leaves firmly membranaceous, rich green

above, pale green beneath. — Dept. San Marcos: Wet thicket, Rio

Ixpal, below Rodeo, alt. 750 meters, Standley 68736; a sterile shrub.

Middle portion of slopes along barranco, above Finca El Porvenir,

lower, south slopes of Volcan de Tajumulco, alt. 1,300-1,500 meters,

Steyermark 37214; local name Soycol de monte; a tree of 9 meters,

sterile; leaves all at the ends of the branches, which are bare below.

—Dept. Suchitepe*quez: Top of ridge slope, southwestern, lower

slopes of Volcan de Zunil, near Finca Montecristo, southeast of

Santa Maria de Jesus, alt. 1,200-1,300 meters, Steyermark 35244; a

sterile shrub. — Salvador: Common in forest, Sierra de Apaneca, in

the region of Finca Colima, Dept. Ahuachapan, January, 1922,

Standley 20197; type of Cashalia cuscatlanica; local name Cashal; a

large, deciduous tree, furnishing valuable wood. Colina de Santa

Tecla, in 1924, Calderdn 2070; local name Cashal; in 1923, Calderdn

1752; a very large tree. Comasagua, December, 1922, Calderdn 1379;

a tree as large as Sterculia apetala. — Costa Rica: In forest, La

342 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. 22

Palma de San Ramon, alt. 1,275 meters, November, 1925, Alberto

Brenes 4627 (sterile, but probably referable here).

The genus Cashalia was based upon a single species, C. cuscat-

lanica, and later a second species, C. panamensis, was described.

When published, Cashalia was compared with Tounatea, i.e. Swartzia,

to which in fact it is not closely related. The type material was in

poor condition for study, consisting of foliage with fallen, old flowers.

It seems to be somewhat characteristic of Dussia that the standard

persists as the flowers wither, while the other petals fall, and on this

account the flower of Cashalia was described falsely as possessing

a single petal. Comparison of the type material with the excellent

specimens of Dussia grandifrons made by Dr. Skutch leaves no

doubt that the two names pertain to the same tree, for which the

name Dussia cuscatlanica must be adopted. The genus Cashalia

was accepted by Britton and Rose in their treatment of the Caesal-

piniaceae in North American Flora (23: 348. 1930).

Dussia macroprophyllata (Donn. Smith) Harms, Repert. Sp.

Nov. 24: 212. 1928. Diplotropis macroprophyllata Donn. Smith,

Bot. Gaz. 56: 56. 1913. Cashalia panamensis Standl. Field Mus.

Bot. 4:212. 1929. — The following material has been studied: Costa

Rica: Forests of Las Vueltas, Tucurrique, alt. 635 meters, January,

1899, Tonduz 12949, type, in U. S. Nat. Herb.; a large tree with

rounded crown. — Panama: Holstein Farm, region of Almirante, Prov.

Bccas del Toro, in 1928, G. Proctor Cooper 520; type of Cashalia

panamensis; local name Citron; a tree 18 meters tall, the trunk 37

cm. in diameter, growing against the trunk of a huge guayacan;

fruits red; bark has a red sap and is used as a purge; red skin of the

fruit used as a febrifuge and sold in the local drug stores. It is not

quite certain that Cashalia panamensis is synonymous with Dussia

macroprophyllata, there being slight differences in pubescence of the

leaves, but the general appearance of the specimens is so similar

that we have little hesitation in making the present disposition of

the Panama tree. The species is quite distinct from D. cuscatlanica,

particularly in its large and broad leaflets, rounded or very obtuse

at the apex, thick and somewhat rugose; and the inflorescences and

flowers of the two species are very different.

Galactia minarum Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Herba graci-

lis, caulibus teretibus dense pilis patulis albidis pilosis, internodiis

elongatis; folia majuscula petiolata trifoliolata membranacea, petiolo

gracili 2-3.5 cm. longo dense breviterque piloso, stipellis subulatis

brunneis 1 mm. longis, petiolulis crassiusculis ca. 3 mm. longis,

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS — II 343

tiolulo terminali cum rhachi 6-10 mm. longo; foliola lanceolato-

oblonga subaequalia, terminali paullo longiore, 4.5-9 cm. longa

j 1.7-3. 5 cm. lata, acuminata vel longiacuminata, subulato-mucronata,

basin versus paullo angustata, basi ipsa obtusa vel anguste rotun-

data, supra in sicco olivacea minute pallido-puncticulata praesertim

ad costam nervosque breviter pilosa, glabrescentia, subtus pallidiora

ubique dense pilis cinereis patulis vel subadpressis pilosa, costa

tenera prominente, nervis lateralibus utroque latere ca. 9 subarcu-

atis obliquis angulo semirecto vel paullo latiore adscendentibus;

racemi axillares simplices laxe multi- vel pauciflori 4.5 cm. longi vel

breviores breviter pedunculati, rhachi densissime albido-pilosa,

bracteis bracteolisque subulatis dense patulo-pilosis, pedicellis dense

pilosis usque 3 mm. longis; calyx extus fere ubique dense albido-

pilosus, lobis superioribus lineari-lanceolatis 6-7 mm. longis longiat-

tenuatis, infimo paullo angustiore ca. 8 mm. longo; petala roseo-

purpurea glabra, vexillo obovato apice rotundato et ciliato, ca. 12

mm. longo et 6 mm. lato; legumen juvenile late lineare ca. 1.5 cm.

longum et 2.3 mm. latum dense patulo-pilosum acuminatum sessile,

stylo glabro gracillimo 8 mm. longo. — Guatemala: Dept. Zacapa,

steep, rocky slopes in pine forest, Sierra de las Minas, along trail

between Rio Hondo and summit of mountain at Finca Alejandria,

alt. 1,000-1,500 meters, October 11, 1939, Julian A. Steyermark

29640 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).

Flowers rose-purple. Distinguishing characters of the plant are

the long-acuminate, densely and softly pubescent leaflets, and the

short, solitary racemes of rather large and showy flowers.

Pithecolobium Zollerianum Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov.

— Arbor 15-metralis, ramulis crassis subteretibus vel obtuse angu-

latis densissime pilis brevibus patulis brunneis obtectis et fere tomen-

tulosis; stipulae parvae lineari-subulatae caducae; folia magna bipin-

nata 30-40 cm. longa breviter petiolata, petiolo crasso tereti dense

fulvo-pilosulo paullo infra pinnas infimas glandule parvo subde-

presso onusto, rhachi 16-22 cm. longa infra nodos singulos glandule

parvo onusta; pinnae plerumque 8-13-jugae 6-16 cm. longae brevis-

sime petiolatae, rhachi eglandulosa; foliola plerumque 8-18-juga

membranacea sessilia oblonga 15-20 mm. longa 5-7 mm. lata, apice

rotundata vel obtusissima, basi valde obliqua, latere exteriore angus-

tata, interiore oblique truncata, supra laete viridia lucida tantum

ad costam puberula, nervis venisque prominulis, subtus pallidiora

flavescentia glabra, vel primo sparse adpresso-pilosula, costa pro-

minula subcentrica, nervis prominulis; pedunculi axillares geminati

344 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. 22

simplices 8-12.5 cm. longi nudi dense minute pilosuli; flores umbel-

lati, umbellis capituliformibus dense multifloris, bracteis minutis vel

obsoletis, pedicellis crassiusculis vix ultra 2 mm. longis minute

sparseque puberulis; calyx anguste campanulatus 2.5 mm. longus

sparse minutissime puberulus vel fere glaber, pallide viridis, dentibus

remotis brevissimis triangularibus; corolla 6-7 mm. longa sparse

minute puberula vel fere glabra profunde dentata, dentibus ovato-

oblongis acutis erectis; stamina numerosa, filamentis viridi-albis

2.5 cm. longis vel ultra; legumen solemniter curvatum semicirculare

vel circulare, valde compressum glabrum, valvis sublignosis sed

tenuibus inter semina subconstrictis 1.5 cm. latis vel paullo ultra

extus brunnescentibus; semina ut videtur exarillata compressa dis-

ciformia ovali-orbicularia brunnescenti-ochracea 8 mm. longa 7 mm.

lata lucida laevia. — Guatemala: Dept. San Marcos: Above Finca

El Porvenir, up Loma Bandera Shac, lower south-facing slopes of

Volcan de Tajumulco, alt. 1,300-1,500 meters, March 9, 1940, Julian

A. Steyermark 37440 (type in Herb. Field Mus.). — Dept. Quezal-

tenango: Damp forest, Finca Pireneos, below Santa Maria de Jesus,

alt. 1,350 meters, March, 1939, Standley 68428 (sterile). Along

Quebrada San Geronimo, Finca Pireneos, alt. 1,300-2,000 meters, on

slopes covered by tree ferns, Steyermark 33295; local name Plumillo.

A large tree; leaves rich, dark green above, paler grass-green

beneath. In the treatment of the tribe Ingeae by Britton and Rose

in North American Flora the key to their Pithecolobium segregates is

vague and most unsatisfactory, and it is difficult to decide into which

of their segregate genera the present species would fall. It seems to

run in the key to their genus Painteria, but with that group of

Mexican species it has no close relationship. The general appearance

of P. Zollerianum suggests most the genus Albizzia, but in that the

valves of the fruit are relatively very thin, and the Guatemalan tree

can not be referred there. The species is named for Mr. Erich

Zoller of Finca El Porvenir, who greatly facilitated the junior author's

explorations of the Volcan de Tajumulco.

ERYTHROXYLACEAE

Erythroxylon Skutchii Standl., sp. nov. — Frutex gracilis 5-

metralis glaber, ramulis crassiusculis ochraceis striatis, internodiis

brevibus; stipulae deciduae insigniter elongatae usque 7 cm. longae

lineares erectae brunneae striato-nerviae, longitudine valde vari-

abiles, aliae 2.5 cm. tantum longae, apice filiformi-protractae; folia

magna breviter petiolata firme coriacea, petiolo crasso 1.5-2 cm.

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS — II 345

ilongo supra canaliculate; lamina lanceolato-oblonga vel anguste

jelliptico-oblonga 16-23 cm. longa 6-8 cm. lata acuta vel acuminata,

basi acuta, supra in sicco fusca, costa nervisque subimpressis, venis

non elevatis, subtus multo pallidior, costa crassiuscula prominente,

inervis lateralibus utroque latere ca. 11 irregularibus valde promi-

'nentibus subarcuatis angulo latiusculo adscendentibus, remote a

margine irregulare conjunctis, venis valde elevatis laxe areolato-

reticulatis; flores axillares vel ad nodos defoliates fasciculati dense

congesti numerosi, pedicellis crassis angulatis 3-7 mm. longis inae-

qualibus, bracteis glumiformibus ovatis vel lanceolatis longiacu-

minatis 5-6 mm. longis striatis persistentibus; sepala ca. 4 mm.

longa ovata acuminata. — Costa Rica: In forest, basin of El General,

Prov. San Jose, alt. 1,000 meters, March, 1940, Alexander F. Skutch

4847 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).

From other large-leaved Erythroxylon species of Central America,

the Costa Rican plant is distinguishable at once by the coarse and

very prominent venation of the lower leaf surface.

TRIGONIACEAE

Trigonia floribunda Oerst. Vid. Medd. 1856: 38. 1856.— As

at present understood, the species is a variable one, but chiefly in

the quality and amount of pubescence. Since the pubescence varies

greatly upon the same plant, the leaves being densely floccose-

tomentose or glabrate sometimes upon the same branch, it is evident

that pubescence alone can not be utilized in separating North Ameri-

can species, and it is probable that after all, the Central American

plants must all be referred to a single species, with one possible

exception. In North American Flora (25: 298. 1924) T. floribunda

is reported as occurring from Salvador to Panama, but recent collec-

tions have extended its known range to Guatemala and Chiapas:

Guatemala: Dept. Suchitep£quez : Damp thicket along Rio Madre

Vieja, above Patulul, alt. 450 meters, Standley 62202; a woody vine,

sterile. — Dept. Chiquimula: Rocky outcrops along gorge of Rio

Chiquimula, between Santa Barbara and Petapilla, 4-6 miles north

of Chiquimula, alt. 350-420 meters, Steyermark 30244; shrubby, with

twining tips. Grassy slope of Mount Tojas, near village of Sasmo,

about one mile northwest of Chiquimula, alt. 420-520 meters,

Steyermark 30199; leaves dark green above, white beneath. — Mexico:

Mt. Madre Vieja, Chiapas, alt. 1,000 meters, Matuda25l7.

Trigonia panamensis Standl., sp. nov. — Ramuli graciles sub-

teretes brunnei rimosi puberuli, internodiis brevibus; folia modica

346 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. 22

petiolata membranacea, petiolo gracili 11-15 mm. longo dense in-

curvo-puberulo; lamina oblonga vel lanceolato-oblonga 8.5-11 cm.

longa 3-4 cm. lata acuta vel subacuminata, apice ipso acuto, basi

obtusa vel subacuta, supra fere glabra sed ad costam nervosque pilis

paucis brevibus subadpressis conspersa, venis prominulis arete reticu-

latis, subtus pallidior primo araneoso-tomentosa sed cito glabrata,

costa tenera elevata, nervis lateralibus utroque latere ca. 8 teneris

prominentibus arcuatis angulo latiusculo adscendentibus, venis

prominentibus arete reticulatis; panicula terminalis magna sessilis

pyramidalis laxe ramosa ca. 24 cm. longa et aequilata simpliciter

pinnata, ramis gracilibus patentibus dense puberulis, floribus in

cymulas parvas paucifloras dispositis, cymulis racemosis breviter

vel longius pedunculatis, pedunculis usque 6 mm. longis rectangule

patulis, bracteis persistentibus lanceolato-ovatis sparse minuteque

puberulis vix ad 2 mm. longis, pedicellis plerumque 2-3 mm. longis;

sepala ca. 3 mm. longa extus dense minute griseo-tomentella intus

glabra paullo inaequalia lanceolato-oblonga obtusa vel subacuta;

ovarium dense pilosum. — Panama: Barro Colorado Island, Fairchild

Point, Canal Zone, July 14, 1934, Silvestre Aviles 961 (type in Herb.

Field Mus.). Barro Colorado Island, in 1929, S. W. Frost 175 (sterile,

but doubtless referable here).

Trigonia floribunda Oerst., the common species of Central Amer-

ica, with which this Panama species has been confused heretofore,

differs in its condensed inflorescence of decidedly different appear-

ance, with sessile or subsessile cymules and very shortly pedicellate

flowers.

EUPHORBIACEAE

Phyllanthus Skutchii Standl., sp. nov. — Arbor 25-metralis

fere omnino glabra, ramulis gracilibus teretibus ochraceo-brunnes-

centibus substriatis glabris, internodiis plerumque 1-2 cm. longis;

stipulae subpersistentes anguste triangulares rigidae acutae vel sub-

acuminatae 1.5 mm. longae erectae; folia modica breviter petiolata

firme membranacea alterna, petiolo crassiusculo ca. 4 mm. longo

glabro; lamina lanceolato-oblonga usque ovato-oblonga vel ovata

6-9.5 cm. longa 2.5-3.5 cm. lata sensim vel subabrupte acuminata

vel longiacuminata, acumine angusto sensim attenuate saepe sub-

falcato, basi obtusa, supra in sicco viridescens sublucida, costa sub-

impressa, nervis venisque prominulis, glabra, subtus pallidior saltern

in statu adulto fere omnino glabra sed ad nervos prope basin laminae

pilis paucis brevissimis conspersa, costa tenera prominente, nervis

lateralibus utroque latere ca. 7 tenerrimis prominentibus arcuatis

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS — II 347

angulo lato adscendentibus juxta marginem arcuato-junctis, venulis

prominentibus arete reticulatis; flores monoeci in axillis dense fasci-

culati, masculi numerosi, feminei pauci vel in quaque axilla uno,

masculi sessiles vel breviter pedicellati, pedicellis florum femineorum

filiformibus magis elongatis in statu fructifero 5-6 mm. longis glabris;

sepala floris masculi late ovalia apice obtusa vel rotundata glabra

paullo inaequalia vix ad 1 mm. longa, flore ca. 1.2 mm. lato; sepala

floris feminei 6 glabra in statu fructifero ca. 3 mm. longa anguste

oblonga usque spathulato-obovata obtusa viridia uninervia; capsula

subglobosa ca. 8 mm. alta et 9 mm. lata sessilis basi rotundata, apice

subumbonata, glabra, fere teres. — Costa Rica: Vicinity of El General,

Prov. San Jose", alt. 670 meters, June, 1939, Alexander F. Skutch 4325

(type in Herb. Field Mus.) ; flowers white.

In general characters and appearance the species has no close

resemblance to any other known from Central America. It is

especially remarkable for the large size of the plant, trees being rare

in the genus, particularly ones attaining a height of 25 meters.

Sebastiania longicuspis Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 11: 134. 1932.

—The tree has been reported from various localities in British Hon-

duras, whence the species was described, as well as from Pet£n and

Alta Verapaz, Guatemala. Two recent collections from Guatemala

are worthy of record: Dept. Izabal; Bank of Rio Dulce, C. L. Wilson

408; a low tree. Bay of Santo Tomas, between Escoba and Santo

Tomas, at sea level, Steyermark 39234; a tree; leaves subcoriaceous,

dark green above, pale green beneath; flowers greenish.

GELASTRACEAE

Euonymus acuminatus Benth. PI. Hartw. 59. 1840. — Plants

of the genus Euonymus seem to be very rare in Mexico and Central

America, or else they have escaped collectors, for but few specimens

accumulate in herbaria. E. acuminatus was described from Llano

Verde, Mexico, and appears to be represented by the following Guate-

malan collections: Chichavac, Dept. Chimaltenango, October, 1933,

Skutch 627; a rare shrub in deep, shady ravine, below 2,700 meters;

aril red. Dept. Guatemala, in 1940, Ignacio Aguilar 434.

SAPINDACEAE

Serjania pterarthra Standl. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ. 461:

70. 1935. — Described from Tuxpena, Campeche, Mexico, and re-

ported also from Little Fall, Belize River, British Honduras. Two

other collections may be recorded for this unusually well marked

348 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. 22

species: Guatemala: El Paso, Pete*n, a frequent v'me,Lundell 1531.—

Mexico: Mercedes, Balancan, Tabasco, Matuda 3017.

TILIACEAE

Mortoniodendron guatemalense Standl. & Steyerm. Bot. Ser.

Field Mus. 22: 157. 1940. — This species was originally described from

flowering material only. Recent collections made in Guatemala

(Steyermark 39395 and 39414) in the fruiting stage of the plant show

that the fruit is 3-celled, obtusely angled, dull green, apiculate,

loculicidally dehiscent, 2-2.2 cm. long, 1.5-1.8 cm. broad, the exo-

carp dull green, the endocarp creamy buff, 1 mm. in thickness, the

locules each 2-seeded, the seeds not completely filling the locule,

loosely covered by a fleshy, deep orange aril attached to the hilum

and raphe, ovoid, plano-convex, slightly umbonate and rounded at

one end, pointed at the other, 7-8 mm. long, 5-6 mm. broad in the

widest portion, the testa brown, thinly crustaceous, glabrous, smooth,

the endosperm copious, completely filling the seed, cream-colored.

The fruit is much smaller than that of Mortoniodendron anisophyllum

(Standl.) Standl. & Steyerm. Additional collections of Mortonioden-

dron guatemalense from Guatemala are as follows: Dept. Izabal:

Rio Dulce, between Livingston and 6 miles up river, on north side

(right-hand side going up river), at sea level, April 14, 1940, Steyer-

mark 39414; same locality and date, Steyermark 39395 and 39386a; a

tree 6 meters tall. In wet forest, Escoba, across the bay (west) from

Puerto Barrios, near sea level, May 3, 1939, Standley 72874.

GOCHLOSPERMACEAE

Amoreuxia palmatifida Sesse* & Moc. ex DC. Prodr. 2: 638.

1825. — The plant has a wide but somewhat erratic range, extending

in Mexico from Sonora southeastward to Yucatan, although there

are many intervening areas, of course, in which it does not grow.

Its occurrence in Yucatan, near Izamal, is scarcely to be expected,

but it is perhaps less remarkable in view of the fact that the plant

has been collected recently in the dry Motagua Valley of Guatemala,

this being its first record for Central America: Dept. Zacapa, desert

near Estanzuela, alt. 200 meters, in flower and fruit, October 5, 1939,

Steyermark 29094; flowers orange. It is to be noted that De Candolle

in describing the genus Amoreuxia (loc. cit.) gave no author for

either the genus or species, merely citing "fl. mex. ic. ined.," which

would be presumed to be that of Sess£ and Mocino. A photograph

of the plate of these authors, upon which the descriptions of genus

and species were based, is in the Herbarium of Field Museum.

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS — II 349

VIOLACEAE

Rinorea Blakeana Standl., sp. nov. — Frutex 2-3-metralis,

iramis gracilibus teretibus ochraceis longitrorsum rugosis vel rimosis

glabris, internodiis plerumque brevibus; folia alterna modica breviter

[petiolata membranacea, petiolo gracili glabro usque 5 mm. longo;

lamina anguste lanceolato-oblongo 7-11 cm. longa 2-3 cm. lata

longissime et angustissime caudato-acuminata, acumine longo ipso

obtuso, basi obtusa, utrinque glabra, supra in sicco intense viridis,

costa nervisque prominulis, venis prominulis laxe reticulatis, subtus

pallidior, costa tenera prominente, nervis lateralibus utroque latere

ca. 8-9 prominentibus angulo lato adscendentibus subarcuatis,

venulis prominulis laxe reticulatis, margine integro vel obscure un-

dulato; inflorescentiae parvae pauciflorae axillares, pedunculis vix

ultra 3 mm. longis, floribus ad apicem fasciculato-umbellatis, vulgo

ca. 3, pedicellis ca. 4 mm. longis minute puberulis; sepala inaequalia

orbicularia usque rotundo-ovata 1.2-1.8 mm. longa apice rotundata

dorso fere glabra ciliolata; corolla in alabastro ovoidea acutiuscula

glabra, petalis ca. 5 mm. longis apice breviter recurvis. — Panama:

Cana-Cuasi trail, Camp 2, Chepigana District, Prov. Darie"n, 600

meters, March 12, 1940, M. E. & R. A. Terry 1513 (type in Herb.

Field Mus.).

The only other Central American species with alternate leaves

is Rinorea crenata Blake, of Talamanca, Costa Rica. That has a

paniculate inflorescence and much broader leaves that are minutely

hirtellous beneath along the costa. The species is named for Dr. S. F.

Blake, monographer of the American species of the genus.

FLACOURTIACEAE

Olmediella Betschleriana (Goepp.) Loes. Notizbl. Bot. Gart.

Berlin 4: 181. 1906. Ilex Betschleriana Goepp. Del. Sem. Vratisb.

1852; Linnaea 26: 745. 1853-54. Olmediella ilicifolia Baill. Bull.

Soc. Linn. Par. 1: 253. 1880. 0. Cesatiana Baill. loc. cit. Licopolia

sincephala Rippa, Bull. Orto Bot. Napoli 2: 74. 1904. — The tree to

which this name applies has had a most varied history. It has been

in cultivation in Europe, particularly in Italy, for more than 80

years, having been introduced doubtless on account of its holly-like

foliage. There, apparently, it seldom flowers or fruits, and with only

the foliage available, botanists who saw the plants had great difficulty

in determining their proper relationship, and referred them to such

genera as Quercus and Sapium, or most often to Ilex, because of the

spiny-dentate leaves. The name Olmediella was given the genus

350 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 22

because it was believed to belong to the family Moraceae. The early

history was brought together by Loesener (loc. cit.), who gave a

most satisfactory account also of the true relationship of the genus.

It, strangely enough, is apparently most closely related to the African

genus Doryalis of the Flacourtiaceae.

The source of the European plants remained unknown for many

years, and it was not until 1932 that the senior author was able to

report definitely (Trop. Woods 32: 17) that Olmediella was a native

of the Guatemalan mountains. Its nativity there is now well

established, and the tree has been found to grow also in Honduras

and the State of Chiapas, Mexico. All the specimens now available

to the writers are cited below.

Guatemala: Dept. Guatemala: La Cienaguilla, San Jos£ Pinula,

alt. 1,600 meters, in 1932, J. G. Salas. Amatitlan, alt. 1,100 meters,

January, 1928, Morales Ruano 830. Guatemala City, cultivated,

June, 1932, Salas. Volcan de Pacaya, damp forest, alt. 1,800-

2,400 meters, Standley 58477; a large tree, common; local names

Manzana and Manzanote; fruit green. — Dept. Jalapa: Cloud forest

on top of ridge, between Miramundo and summit of Montana Mira-

mundo, alt. 2,500 meters, Steyermark 32688; local name Manzanote;

a tree of 11 meters; leaves coriaceous, dark, dull green above, paler

beneath. — Dept. Sacatepe*quez: Parque Central de Antigua, October,

1929, Salas 1385. Damp forest, hills of Finca Carmona, southeast

of Antigua, alt. 1,600-1,800 meters, Standley 63672; a large or small

tree in damp forest, common. — Dept. Chimaltenango: Slopes of

Volcan de Acatenango, above Las Calderas, in dense, wet Chiran-

thodendron forest, alt. 2,400-2,700 meters, Standley 61968; a small

tree. — Dept. Quezaltenango: Western slopes of Volcan de Zunil,

opposite Santa Maria de Jesus, alt. 1,500 meters, Steyermark 35093;

a shrub. — Dept. San Marcos: Wet forest, Barranco Eminencia,

above San Rafael Pie de la Cuesta, alt. 2,100-2,400 meters, Standley

68685; a small tree with very lustrous leaves. Top of dry barranco

slopes, between town of Tajumulco and Tecutla, northwestern

slopes of Volcan de Tajumulco, alt. 1,800-2,500 meters, Steyermark

36846; a tree of 12 meters. — Mexico: Pinada, Siltepec, Chiapas,

Matuda 1988. — Honduras: Dept. Tegucigalpa: Montana de la Flor,

alt. 1,440 meters, in pine and oak region, Christine & Wolfgang von

Hagen 1247; a spreading tree of 9 meters; local name Cumbo de

cerro. — Dept. Siguatepeque: Ravine at El Achote, above the plains

of Siguatepeque, alt. 1,350 meters, Yuncker, Dawson & Youse 6227;

a tree of 3.5 meters. Thickets west of El Achote, No. 6200 of the

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS — II 351

same collectors. Siguatepeque, alt. 1,110 meters, open, mountain

forest, J. B. Edwards P492; a tree of 15 meters. — Cultivated in

Europe: Cult, in hort. Neapolitano, May, 1905, Delpino & Rippa

(received from Dr. Loesener).

It should be mentioned that the first material that permitted

definite reference of the tree to its native region was that forwarded

by Sr. Jorge Garcia Salas, then of the Direccion de Agricultura of

Guatemala. To a Guatemalan so many words about the Manzanote

tree, as it is commonly known, would seem rather amusing, for

Manzanote is one of the commonest street and park trees of Antigua

and Guatemala, and few residents of those cities pass the day with-

out seeing a few or many of the trees. They grow luxuriantly in the

Parque Central of Antigua, in front of the old Palace of the Viceroys

of Guatemala, as well as in many of the parks of Guatemala and

other upland cities. In the capital there are many handsome

! avenues of the trees, the finest being that along the Paseo de la

Reforma, principal boulevard of Guatemala.

The tree is a particularly effective one for street and park plant-

' ing, and would be desirable for any cool but not too cold region in

which it would grow. It is probable that it would thrive, for instance,

about San Francisco, California. Even from a considerable distance

the cultivated trees are easy to recognize because of their low,

rounded crowns of remarkably dense, dark green foliage, which

reminds one strongly because of both its color and the stiff, spiny-

margined leaves, of the Christmas hollies. Part of the denseness of

the crowns may result from pruning or clipping, but this is not cer-

tain. In the dense, moist forests where the trees grow naturally,

they are quite different, with tall trunks and rather open, irregularly

branched crowns, but that, of course, is the natural effect of deep

shade. The leaves are decidedly variable in the species, most of

them being deeply sinuate-dentate, each tooth tipped with a stout,

sharp spine, but on the ultimate branches of mature trees the

leaves often are quite entire.

TURNERACEAE

NOTES ON THE AMERICAN SPECIES OF ERBLICHIA

Erblichia odorata Seem. (Bot. Voy. Herald 130. pi 27. 1854),

originally described from "Paredez Islands, coast of southern Vera-

guas," Panama, has been a catch-all for the Mexican and Central

American specimens of the genus that have gradually accumulated

in American herbaria. As a result of our study of material of this

352 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. 22

genus preserved in the Herbarium of Field Museum and that in

the United States National Herbarium, lent through the courtesy

of its curator, Dr. William R. Maxon, it has been found that the

species described asE". odorata Seem, is a rare and local one restricted

to Panama and Costa Rica, while the more commonly collected and

more widely ranging plants of Mexico south to Honduras may be

referred to two other species and one variety, namely, E. Standleyi

Steyermark, and E. xylocarpa (Sprague & Riley) Standl. & Steyerm.

and E. xylocarpa var. mollis Standl. & Steyerm.

All the American representatives of the genus Erblichia are forest

trees of great size with strikingly beautiful, large flowers. Indeed,

they easily rank among the showiest trees found in the Mexican and

Central American tropics. When E. odorata was first published

the flowers were described by Seemann as yellow, "flavis." Subse-

quently, the plants from Costa Rica, which belong to the same

species, have been noted by collectors, including Standley, also as

"bright yellow," and Standley in the Flora of Costa Rica records the

color of the petals of this species as "yellow." Collectors who have

noted the color of the flowers of Erblichia in other parts of Central

America and Mexico have described the color as orange or reddish

orange. The junior author has seen the trees in several parts of

Guatemala, where in all instances the petals were of a brilliant flame-

color of bright, deep orange, reddish orange, or reddish salmon;

never was there any suggestion in these trees of yellow, such as has

been recorded for the true E. odorata of Panama and Costa Rica.

The various entities which the present study has revealed may

be keyed as follows:

Ovary glabrous; young branches from the beginning entirely glabrous.

E. Standleyi.

Ovary velutinous; young branches from the beginning velutinous.

Lower leaf surface loosely and densely velutinous.

2a. E. xylocarpa var. mollis.

Lower leaf surface glabrous or sparsely appressed-pubescent with

scattered hairs.

Petals yellow; style spreading-villous at the base; plants of

Panama and Costa Rica E. odorata.

Petals red-orange; style glabrous at the base; plants of Hon-

duras north to southern Mexico . . 2. E. xylocarpa var. typica.

Erblichia odorata Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 130. pi. 27. 1854;

Standley, Bot. Ser. Field Mus. 18: 726. 1937. Piriqueta odorata

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS — II 353

Irban, Jahrb. Bot. Gart. Berlin 2: 80. 1883.— In addition to the

riginal collection cited by Seemann, "on the outskirts of woods,

'aredez Islands, coast of southern Veraguas," Panama, the following

/osta Rican collections are at hand: Guanacaste, scarce, dry forest,

tree of 17 meters with narrow, thin crown, flowers bright yellow,

vicinity of Tilaran, alt. 500-650 meters, January, 1926, Standley &

•falerio 45718; a tree 7.5 meters tall, with small, narrow crown,

•etals bright yellow, sepals green; January, 1926 Standley 46347.

iMnca Colombia, San Ramon, February, 1940, Manuel Quirds C.

»27; a small tree with golden yellow flowers.

Erblichia xylocarpa (Sprague & Riley) Standl. & Steyerm.,

:omb. nov. Piriqueta xylocarpa Sprague & Riley, Kew Bull. 1923:

1173. 1923. Erblichia odorata ace. to Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb.

23: 847. 1923, as to reference of plants of Mexican distribution, not

is to description. — This is the more commonly collected and widely

listributed plant that has passed as E. odorata Seem. In view of

:he fact that Piriqueta xylocarpa was originally described from a

iruiting specimen collected in British Honduras (Campbell 33), and

since flowering material of the species has subsequently accumulated,

t seems advisable to append a description of the flowers, which

iieretofore has not been published.

Sepals lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, 5-6.5 cm. long, 0.6-1 cm.

broad, long-acuminate or caudate, some of them yellow-green on

the outside, others pale green with a broad, green midrib or central

portion and salmon or pale orange margins, appressed-puberulous

on the outside mainly down the middle and at the base of the lobes;

petals bright orange, tango-orange, or orange-salmon, cuneate-rhom-

bic-obovate, cuspidate or abruptly caudate at the apex, conspicu-

ously narrowed in the lower third, 6-8 cm. long, 3.5-4.5 cm. broad

in the upper or broader half, finely canescent-puberulent at the

extreme base, within for 9 mm. upward, without for 5-6 mm. upward;

filaments dilated in the lower half, orange or orange-salmon, 4.5 cm.

long, 2 mm. broad in the lower half, densely villosulous in the lower

half, glabrous in the upper half; anthers versatile, linear-oblong,

ochraceous, 4-6 mm. long, 1-1.3 mm. broad, appendiculate at the

tip with a process 0.7 mm. long; stigma capitate, fimbriate; styles

orange or orange-salmon, 4.5-5 cm. long, entirely glabrous or with

a few sparse, appressed hairs at the very base; ovary usually densely

velutinous with short, ascending, stiff, yellow-brown hairs.

The following specimens have been examined: Mexico: Nayarit:

"Suelda con suelda," Cerro de la Gloria, alt. 400 meters, in 1923,

354 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. 22

J. G. Ortega 47. — Guatemala: Dept. Pete"n: San Diego, Rio Pasion,

April, 1935, Mercedes Aguilar 500. — Dept. Alta Verapaz: "Canop,"

a tree 22 meters tall, forested hillsides, Chamd, alt. 900 meters,

March, 1920, Harry Johnson 1861. "Conop," Rio Canguinic, alt.

320 meters, March, 1902, Tuerckheim 8182.— Dept. Izabal: "Cande-

laria," a tree of 18-21 meters, leaves firmly membranaceous, dark,

rich green above, paler grass-green beneath, low forest slopes,

between Bananera and La Presa, in Montana del Mico, alt. 40-300

meters, March, 1940, Steyermark 38294. — British Honduras: Camp

32, British Honduras-Guatemala Boundary, a forest tree 18 meters

tall, flowers tango-orange, April, 1934, Schipp S718. Medium-sized

tree on Columbia River, in high ridge, April, 1933, M. 0. Hope 18.

Small to medium tree, occurring rarely up Columbia Valley, March,

1929, M. A. Balderamos. — Salvador: Ahuachapan, "Flor de fuego,"

in 1924, Sisto Alberto Padilla.

Erblichia xylocarpa is rather variable in the amount of pubescence

of the young branches, petioles, peduncles, and under surface of the

leaves. Campbell 33, type of Sprague and Riley's Piriqueta xylocarpa,

is a glabrate extreme of this species. Its branches are described as

"glabri vel glabriusculi, fusco-cinerei," leaves "glabra," petioles

"glabri," peduncles "glabriusculi," stipules (bracts) "superne sub-

appresse fulvo-pilosae," and capsule "juventute minute puberula,

demum glabra." Unfortunately, since the plant was described from

a fruiting specimen, nothing is known of the flowers and, therefore,

the glabrousness of the plant has been emphasized in the description,

since mature specimens show a proportionate decrease of pubescence.

Some of the above specimens cited, namely Hope 18, Ortega 47, and

Steyermark 38294, somewhat approach the more nearly glabrate

types. The petioles vary from densely fulvous-puberulent to gla-

brate with a few sparse, appressed hairs in the plant collected by

Hope. The same type of variation is found on the young branches

and lower surface of the blades. In the latter the midrib usually

has sparse, appressed hairs, but in age these may disappear almost

entirely; moreover, the lower surface of the blade is usually glabrous,

but may have a few appressed ones scattered over its surface. Sprague

and Riley stated that their species differed from Erblichia odorata in

having longer, slender petioles, proportionately narrower blades

narrowed at the base, with inconspicuously, if at all, crenate mar-

gins, and curved seeds. So far as the supposed vegetative differences

mentioned above are concerned, these are unimportant and not at

all diagnostic characters, since the specimens we have examined

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS — II 355

[how variation in the length of the petioles and in the proportionate

,ize of the blades. Moreover, the margins of the blade are usually

inconspicuously crenate, as in the Steyermark and Schipp specimens,

put may be more prominently crenate, as shown by the Padilla

Specimen.

In the western part of the range of E. xylocarpa a very pubescent

extreme, common in southwestern Guatemala and southern Mexico,

s found. It may be described as:

Erblichia xylocarpa var. niollis Standl. & Steyerm., var. nov.—

typo recedit ramulis juvenilibus, petiolis pedunculisque dense

'ulvo-velutinis; laminis subtus dense fulvo-velutinis praesertim ad

bostam mediam laminae supra fulvo-velutinis, aliter plerumque

glabris, marginibus vulgo prominenter mucronato-crenatis; sepalis

jextus fulvo-tomentosis; petalis flammeo-aurantiacis 5.5-8.5 cm.

ongis, 3.5-4.5 cm. latis, cuneato-rhomboideo-obovatis; filamentis

nferne villosulis; stylis prope basin hirsutulis; ovario dense fulvo-

tomentoso. — Mexico: Chiapas: Mt. Ovando, February, 1939, Matuda

2653. Volcan de Tacana, Finca La Union, March, 1939 Matuda

2789. Near Chicharras, alt. 2,000 meters, February, 1896, E. W.

Nelson 3803. — Oaxaca: "Jarro de Oro, Azuche," Cafetal San Rafael,

alt. 800 meters, December, 1917, B. P. Reko 3702. A tree of 30

meters, Cerro San Rafael, alt. 800 meters, August, 1926, E. Makrinius

643. — Guatemala: Dept. Solola: A forest tree of 18 meters, Volcan

de Atitlan, alt. 1,333-1,666 meters, February, 1939, F. W, Owen

Smith, — Dept. Quezaltenango: "Candelaria de montana," a tree

of 12-15 meters, petals bright orange, leaves firmly chartaceous, rich,

dark grass-green above, pale green beneath, ridge top along Quebrada

San Geronimo, Finca Pireneos, lower, south-facing slopes of Volcan

de Santa Maria, between Santa Maria de Jesus and Calahuache",

alt. 1,300-2,000 meters, January, 1940, Steyermark 33448 (type

in Herb. Field Mus.). Also observed by the junior author in

Guatemala on Volcan de Zunil, Volcan de Tajumulco, and Volcan

de Tacana.

The dense, tawny or tan-colored pubescence is characteristic of

this variety and is especially well developed on the young branchlets,

peduncles, petioles, lower surface and midrib of the leaves and bracts,

and on the outer surface of the sepals. The upper surface of the

blade is glabrous or has a few scattered hairs; the midrib on the upper

surface is usually tawny-velutinous, at least in the lower third or

fourth. The leaves vary in size and shape, but are mostly elliptic-

oblong to lance-elliptic, 7.5-15 cm. long, 2.3-4.6 cm. broad, acute

356 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 22

to acuminate, and usually conspicuously crenate. The crenations

are usually mucronate- tipped. The petioles are 6-11 mm. long.

The flowers are very fragrant, suggesting the odor of some orchids.

The sepals are usually much hairier on the outer surface than those

of typical E. xylocarpa, orange within, and green without in the

center, with orange margins. The petals are of a bright flame-orange,

while the filaments and stigmas are orange. The anthers are green;

the ovary is green and covered with dense, tawny hairs. The styles

are orange and at the base are usually covered with dense hairs,

while in typical E. xylocarpa the styles are usually glabrous at the base.

The plant with all its vegetative and floral parts glabrous or

practically so may be called:

Erblichia Standleyi Steyermark, sp. nov. — Arbor 7-27 m. alta;

ramis juvenilibus glabris; foliis elliptico-oblongis, apice acutis vel

acuminatis, in basin sensim attenuatis, chartaceis vel tenuiter sub-

coriaceis, utrinque ut etiam petiolis et costa media glabris, utroque

latere 6-8-nerviis, petiolis 6-14 mm. longis, laminis 5-11.5 cm. longis,

2-3.7 cm. latis, marginibus late crenatis; bracteis glabris vel minute

sparseque adpresso-pilosulis: pedunculis glabris; sepalis extus glabris

vel minute sparse adpresso-pilosulis, 4.5-5 cm. longis, 0.9-1 cm. latis,

lanceolatis vel lineari-lanceolatis, acuminatis; petalis flammeo-

aurantiacis praeter basin intus tomentosam glabris, cuneato-rhom-

boideo-obovatis, apice cuspidatis, 6.5-7 cm. longis, ca. 4.5 cm. latis;

filamentis utrinque basi dense puberulis, 4.3-4.5 cm. longis; antheris

4.5-5 mm. longis; stylis omnino glabris, 3.5-3.7 cm. longis; ovario

omnino glabro; fructu juvenili glabro. — Mexico: Tabasco: "San

Pedro," a tree 27 meters high, 70 cm. in diam., La Palma, Balancan,

June 1-6, 1939, E. Matuda 3319.— Oaxaca: "Chamiso," a tree 22

meters tall, flowers pale reddish pink, in flood-free forest, alt. 30-90

meters, June, 1937, Llewelyn Williams 9460. — Honduras: Dept.

Atlantida: A tree about 7 meters tall, flowers reddish orange, open

forest along banks of Salado River, above the village of Salado,

vicinity of La Ceiba, July, 1938, T. G. Yuncker, J. M. Koepper &

K. A. Wagner 8323 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).

The styles entirely glabrous at their base, ovary and young fruit

entirely glabrous from the beginning, and glabrous or practically

glabrous sepals, leaves, petioles, peduncles, and young branchlets,

all combine to distinguish this species from the other species and

varieties described above. The lower surface of the bracts and outer

surface of the sepals may have a few scattered, appressed hairs, but

in the main are essentially glabrous. In general characters this

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS — II 357

pecies appears to be near the glabrate extremes of E. xylocarpa, but

he specimens of the latter species which have been examined from

British Honduras show densely fulvous-tomentose ovaries, young

ranches, and peduncles. While I have not examined the type

Campbell 33) of Piriqueta xylocarpa Sprague & Riley from British

Honduras, all the specimens seen from that country possess a densely

ulvous-tomentose ovary and young branchlets and peduncles, and

t is assumed, therefore, that the Campbell specimen from British

Honduras likewise would possess these characteristics. Sprague

md Riley describe the capsule of the Campbell specimen as "juven-

:ute minute puberula," which leads to the assumption that the ovary

,vas in the beginning covered with a denser coat of tomentum, as is

3haracteristic of all the other British Honduras specimens that have

been examined.

MYRTACEAE

Calyptranthes pendula Berg, Linnaea 27: 21. 1854. — At

present the Mexican and Central American species of Calyptranthes

are poorly understood, principally because of lack of ample her-

barium material, and at best the differences between most of the

species, as in so many of the Myrtaceae generally, are poorly marked.

A single Guatemalan collection of the genus seems referable to C.

pendula which was described from the mountains of Oaxaca, Mexico,

and has been reported to range northward to Sinaloa. Guatemala:

Dept. San Marcos, above Finca El Porvenir, south-facing slopes of

Volcan de Tajumulco, alt. 1,400-1,700 meters, Steyermark 37253; a

shrub of 4.5 meters; leaves chartaceous, rich green above, pale green

beneath; flowers rose-purplish, with green calyces.

Eugenia cacuminum Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Frutex

3-metralis fere omnino glaber ut videtur dense ramosus, ramulis

crassiusculis subteretibus ferrugineis vel brunneo-ochraceis, inter-

nodiis brevibus, novellis sparse minutissime puberulis vel fere glabris;

folia parva breviter petiolata firme coriacea, petiolo crassiusculo 5-9

mm. longo glabro supra canaliculate; lamina glabra elliptico-oblonga

vel lanceolato-oblonga prope medium latissima 4-7 cm. longa 1.5-

2.3 cm. lata apicem angustum obtusum versus paullo angustata, basi

obtusa vel acutiuscula, supra lucidissima viridis, costa venisque vix

elevatis, subtus pallidior sat dense pellucido-punctata, costa tenera

prominente, nervis lateralibus obscuris rectis irregularibus vix promi-

nulis angulo latiusculo abeuntibus prope marginem irregulare junctis;

flores axillares ut videtur (in statu fructifero tantum visi) solitarii vel

fasciculati sessiles vel subsessiles; fructus globosus 7-8 mm. diam.

358 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. 22

glaber in sicco profunde longitrorsum sulcatus lucidus; calyx ad

apicem fructus persistens glaber, sepalis 4 rotundatis viridescentibus

ciliolatis ca. 4 mm. longis incurvis et concavis.— Guatemala: Dept.

Chiquimula: On ridge, Montana Nube (Montana Volcancitos),

between Socorro Mountain and Cerro Brujo, southeast of Concep-

tion de las Minas, alt. 1,500-1,700 meters, October 31, 1939, Julian

A. Steyermark 30903 (type in Herb. Field Mus.); leaves firmly mem-

branaceous when fresh, dark green above, pale beneath.

Well marked by the small, very lustrous and discolorous leaves*

and especially by the sessile or nearly sessile fruits which in the dry

state are deeply sulcate vertically.

Eugenia chiquimulana Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Arbor

6-metralis, ramulis vetustioribus cinereis rimosis, junioribus cano-

brunnescentibus ad nodos in sicco aliquanto compressis et sparse

minute puberulis, internodiis elongatis; folia majuscula petiolata

coriacea, petiolo 9-13 mm. longo crasso minute cinereo-tomentello

vel glabrato; lamina oblonga vel elliptico-oblonga 9-10.5 cm. longa

4-4.5 cm. lata, obtusa vel subacuta, apice ipso obtuso, basi acutius-

cula vel obtusa, in statu adulto glaberrima, supra in sicco lucida

brunnescens, costa anguste subimpressa, nervis prominulis, subtus

pallidior brunnescens sublucida dense minute punctata, costa tenera

elevata, nervis lateralibus utroque latere ca. 12 tenerrimis fere rectis

angulo lato adscendentibus prope marginem in nervum distinctum

collectivum irregularem conjunctis, venis prominulis sed inconspicuis

laxe reticulatis; fructus magnus subglobosus 2-2.5 cm. diam. basi et

apice rotundatus, tomento molli densissimo brunneo obtectus;

sepala ad apicem fructus persistentia 4 rotundo-ovata obtusissima

ca. 5 mm. longa extus brunneo- tomentella vel glabrata. — Guate-

mala: Dept. Chiquimula, cloud forest near the summit of Volcan de

Quezaltepeque, 3-4 miles northeast of Quezaltepeque, alt. 2,000

meters, November 8, 1939, Julian A. Steyermark 31453 (type in

Herb. Field Mus.).

Leaves coriaceous, grass-green above, silvery green beneath;

fruit covered with dull brown hairs. The fruits are separated from

the branches, and the form of the inflorescence can not be determined

satisfactorily. The species is similar to some of those described from

Honduras, but does not agree in essential details with any one of

them. The very large, densely tomentose fruits and the large,

lustrous leaves are conspicuous characters.

Eugenia musarum Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Frutex 2.5

m. altus omnino glaber, ramis gracilibus ferrugineis, acute vel obtuse

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS — II 359

tetragonis ad nodos incrassatis, internodiis elongatis; folia magna

jbreviter petiolata crasse membranacea, petiolo crasso 4-6 mm. longo

isupra late canaliculate; lamina anguste oblonga vel lanceolato-

oblonga medio latissima 15-20 cm. longa 4.5-6.5 cm. lata sensim vel

Isubabrupte longiacuminata, acumine angusto subobtuso, basi ob-

jtusissima vel anguste rotundata, supra in sicco griseo-viridis, costa

i anguste subimpressa, nervis venisque non elevatis inconspicuis, sub-

jtus pallidior, costa tenera prominente, nervis lateralibus utroque

|latere ca. 15 tenerrimis prominentibus angulo semirecto vel saepius

jlatiore adscendentibus remote a margine in nervum collectivum

jtenuem irregularem conjunctis, venis fere obsoletis; flores ad nodos

! defoliates fasciculati pauci subsessiles; hypanthium late hemisphaeri-

icum punctatum ca. 3 mm. altum basi late rotundatum; sepala 3-3.5

mm. longa rotundo-ovata apice rotundata ciliolata remote punctata

ipallida; petala obovato-orbicularia 6 mm. longa et fere aequilata;

stamina numerosissima; stylus gracillimus glaber fere 10 mm. longus.

—Guatemala: Dept. Izabal: Rio Juyama, southeast of Cheyenne,

about 15 miles southwest of Bananera, alt. 50-100 meters, April 8,

1940, Julian A. Steyermark 39165 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).

Leaves when fresh firmly membranaceous, rich, dull green above,

pale green beneath; calyx lobes spreading, greenish white; petals

white. The most closely related species of Central America is

Eugenia lancetillae Standl., which has somewhat pubescent leaves,

with more prominent and differently disposed venation, and acute

or narrowly obtuse at the base.

Eugenia simiarum Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Arbor omnino

glabra, ramis gracilibus rectis rigidis brunneis ad nodos paullo in-

crassatis, internodiis brevibus vel elongatis; folia inter majora brevi-

ter petiolata subcoriacea, petiolo crasso 7-9 mm. longo; lamina

anguste oblongo-lanceolata prope vel paullo infra medium latissima

16-19 cm. longa 4.5-5.5 cm. lata apicem versus longe sensim an-

gustata, apice ipso angusto obtuso, basi acuta, supra in sicco griseo-

viridis opaca, costa nervisque prominulis, venis quoque prominulis

laxe reticulatis, subtus pallidior, costa tenera elevata, nervis later-

alibus utroque latere ca. 15 teneris prominentibus angulo lato diver-

gentibus fere rectis remote a margine in nervum collectivum crena-

tum junctis, venulis inconspicuis vix prominulis laxe reticulatis;

flores in axillis foliorum vel ad nodos defoliates fasciculati pauci vel

numerosi, pedicellis 8-14 mm. longis plerumque rectis gracilibus;

hypanthium 2.5 mm. longum dense grosse glanduloso-punctatum ;

sepala semiorbicularia vel rotundo-ovata 1.5-2 mm. longa apice

360 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. 22

late rotundata sparse ciliolata dense punctata; petala alba grosse

glanduloso-punctata ca. 5 mm. longa; bracteolae 1-1.5 mm. longae

basi hypanthii insertae ovatae vel lanceolatae obtusae vel acutae.—

Guatemala: Dept. Izabal: Between Bananera and La Presa, in

Montana del Mico, alt. 40-300 meters, March 28, 1940, Julian A.

Steyermark 38274.

Leaves when fresh firmly chartaceous, rich green above, pale

green beneath; pedicels light green; petals white; calyx lobes pale

green. Eugenia simiarum is similar to E. lancetillae Standl., of the

Atlantic coast of Honduras. The latter differs in having somewhat

pubescent leaves with differently arranged, more elevated venation,

and almost sessile flowers. E. musarum, described above, also is

closely related, but has angled branches, leaf blades obtuse at the

base, and much larger, short-pedicellate flowers.

Eugenia Steyermarkii Standl., sp. nov. — Arbor 15-metralis,

ramis teretibus subferrugineis rimosis, novellis in sicco plus minusve

compressis ferrugineis primo densiuscule sericeis cito glabratis,

internodiis plerumque elongatis; folia modica breviter petiolata

crasse coriacea, petiolo crasso 3-5 mm. longo primo sericeo, glabres-

cente; lamina late elliptica vel rotundo-elliptica 4-6 cm. longa 2-3.5

cm. lata apice obtusa usque rotundata, interdum subemarginata,

basi acutiuscula usque fere rotundata, saepe abrupte breviter con-

tracta, primo ut videtur sparse denseve adpresso-pilosa, saltern in

statu adulto omnino glabra, supra pallide lutescens lucida, costa

anguste profundeque impressa, nervis vix manifestis non elevatis,

sparse punctata, subtus paullo pallidior, costa elevata, nervis later-

alibus utroque latere ca. 12 tenerrimis fere rectis angulo recto vel

paullo angustiore abeuntibus, venis obscuris; flores ut videtur in

axillis solitarii, pedunculo puberulo ca. 5 mm. longo, pedicello paullo

breviore; fructus siccus globosus 12 mm. diam. sparse puberulus vel

glabratus; sepala ad apicem fructus persistentia crassa oblonga

obtusa ca. 4 mm. longa. — Guatemala: Dept. San Marcos, between

La Vega ridge along Rio Vega and northeast slopes of Volcan de

Tacana, to 3 miles from Guatemala-Mexico boundary, vicinity of

San Rafael, alt. 2,500-3,000 meters, February 20, 1940, Julian A.

Steyermark 36210 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).

"Leaves firmly chartaceous, dark green above, pale green be-

neath." The species is a well marked one, noteworthy for its rather

small, very broad, coriaceous leaves, and for the large, coriaceous

calyx lobes. It is not altogether certain that the peduncles are 1-

flowered, but they appear to be so.

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS — II 361

MELASTOMACEAE

Conostegia Gleasoniana Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Frutex

2-3-metralis, ramis gracilibus vel crassiusculis, vetustioribus fer-

rugineis vel brunnescentibus glabratis teretibus, novellis dense pilis

parvis sessilibus brunnescentibus vel ochraceis tomentosis, pilis

aliis longis apice stellato-ramosis interdum intermixtis, internodiis

plerumque brevibus; folia modica petiolata membranacea, petiolo

gracili 1.5-3 cm. longo arete stellato-tomentello vel glabrato, inter-

dum cum pilis stellatis longistipitatis quoque consperso; lamina

oblongo-lanceolata vel anguste elliptico-oblonga 8-20 cm. longa

3.5-6.5 cm. lata, apice acuta usque longe angusteque attenuata,

basi acuta vel obtusa, fere integra vel remote obscure undulato-

crenata, supra in sicco fuscescens vel lutescens vulgo minute pallido-

puncticulata, interdum saltern in juventute sparse setoso-pilosa sed

saepius fere omnino glabra, costa nervisque non elevatis, subtus

fere concolor viridis sparse minuteque saltern ad costam venasque

pilis minutis sessilibus stellatis conspersa, secus costam interdum

pilis stellatis stipitatis onusta, 5-plinervia, pare superiore nervorum

bene supra basin laminae nascente, nervis teneris prominentibus,

venis tenerrimis prominulis laxe reticulatis; paniculae terminales

sessiles et a basi ramosae vel breviter pedunculatae dense vel sub-

laxe multiflorae vulgo 5-7 cm. longae et fere aequilatae, ramis

crassiusculis pilis sessilibus vel stipitatis et saepe cum ambobus inter-

mixtis sparse denseve obsitis, suberectis vel adscendentibus, floribus

vulgo in cymulas parvas trifloras breviter pedunculatas dispositis

breviter crasseque pedicellatis; calyx in alabastro ovoideus vel ellip-

soideus 4-5 mm. longus, basi acutiusculus, apice angustatus et

apiculatus vel acutiusculus, sparse minuteque stellato-puberulus. —

Guatemala: Dept. Alta Verapaz: Damp forest, limestone region of

Cocola, northeast of Carcha, alt. 1,200 meters, April 2, 1939, Paul C.

Standley 70317 (type in Herb. Field Mus.). Mountains east of Tac-

tic, on the road to Tamahu, alt. 1,500-1,600 meters, April 9, 1939,

Standley 71078, 71086, 71305, 71329.

Among Guatemalan species of Conostegia, the present one is

noteworthy for its small flowers. While the specimens exhibit some

variation in pubescence, all appear to be conspecific. The pubescence

of the leaves is scant, and at maturity the blades are, in fact, almost

glabrous.

Mouriria Gleasoniana Standl., sp. nov. — Arbuscula vel arbor

usque 12 m. alta saltern praeter flores omnino glabra, ramulis gra-

cilibus sed rigidis vulgo cinnamomeis subteretibus rimosis, inter-

362 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. 22

nodiis plerumque elongatis; folia mediocria brevissime petiolata in

sicco coriacea et rigida, petiolo crasso vix ultra 3 mm. longo crasso;

lamina oblonga vel lanceolato-oblonga 7.5-10 cm. longa 3-3.5 cm.

lata subabrupte acuta vel breviter acuminata, basi paullo brevi-

terque angustata et anguste rotundata, saepius emarginata, utrinque

dense papilloso-pustulata, supra lutescens, costa non elevata, ner-

vis obscuris, subtus paullo pallidior, costa crassiuscula elevata, nervis

vulgo obscuris tenerrimis vix elevatis; pedunculi axillares plerumque

solitarii ca. 1 cm. longi infra medium geniculati minute puberuli vel

glabrati graciles; calyx 5-6 mm. latus, extus ut videtur sparse pube-

rulus vel fere glaber, tubo basi late rotundato, limbo patente brevis-

sime lobato persistente; fructus depresso-globosus et saepius didymus

glaber ca. 13-14 mm. latus basi late rotundatus, seminibus 1-3. —

Mexico: Achotal, Balancan, Tabasco, May, 1939, E. Matuda 3093

(type in Herb. Field Mus.). San Isidro, Balancan, Tabasco, June,

1939, Matuda 3339. Uvero, Oaxaca, alt. 30-90 meters, May, 1937,

L. Williams 9398. — Guatemala: Dept. Izabal, Rio Dulce, 2-4 miles

west of Livingston, on south side (left side going up river), at sea

level, April 16, 1940, Steyermark 39525; sterile; a shrub of 1-2 meters.

Regarding the tree Mr. Williams supplies the following notes:

"Local name Frutillo. A tree 12 m. tall, the crown spreading; trunk

straight, round, 25 cm. in diameter, unbranched for 4.5 m.; fruit

yellow when unripe, reddish when mature, ripening in May. Wood

used for railroad ties. Common on hill slopes in forest." Mr. Matuda

states that the plant is a tree of 4-5 meters.

The new species is named for Dr. H. A. Gleason, student and

monographer of the Melastomaceae. It is clearly related to Mouriria

Muelleri Cogn., and the two Tabasco specimens have been so deter-

mined. M. Muelleri is represented in the Herbarium of Field

Museum by a photograph of the type, Jurgensen 266 from the State

of Oaxaca. As shown by this photograph, the leaves of M. Muelleri

are decidedly different from those of M. Gleasoniana, being very

obtuse or narrowly rounded at the apex and broad and more con-

spicuously emarginate at the base. The only Mouriria material

in the Herbarium of Field Museum that resembles the type photo-

graph is Haenke 1626, without locality but presumably from west-

ern Mexico. It is, however, by no means certain that this specimen

really represents Mouriria Muelleri.

The most common Mouriria species of British Honduras and

northern Guatemala, M. exilis, differs from M. Gleasoniana in hav-

ing more evidently petiolate leaves acute or acutish at the base.

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS — II 363

ONAGRACEAE

Fuchsia Seleriana Loes. Verh. Bot. Ver. Brandenb. 55: 179.

:913. — Most of the small-flowered Fuchsias of Mexico and Central

\merica are much alike and closely related. The species have been

;)ased too often on characters that appear to be of little importance

!>r stability, and it seems certain that as material accumulates in

Wbaria, at least some of the names will have to be reduced to

synonymy. Fuchsia Seleriana, however, is better marked than most

pf its relatives, and apparently a perfectly good species. The type

|vas collected near Chacula in the Department of Huehuetenango,

Guatemala, and another collection from the Department of Quezal-

;;enango was cited by Loesener. The species is noteworthy in hav-

ng dioecious flowers. Guatemala: Dept. Jalapa: Cerro Alcoba, just

3ast of Jalapa, alt. 1,300-1,700 meters, Steyermark 32512; a shrub of

1-1.5 meters; leaves membranaceous, dull green above, silvery green

beneath; stems purplish red; berries purplish red; corolla rose-orchid,

the lobes orchid-colored outside, tinged with pale pink or white

jinside. — Dept. Guatemala: Santa Catarina Pinula, Margaret Lewis

J392. — Dept. Sacatepe"quez : Oak forest, Finca El Hato, northeast of

Antigua, alt. 2,000 meters, Standley 61202; a shrub of 2 meters;

flowers bright red. — Dept. Chimaltenango : Oak woods, plains near

Tecpam, Skutch 489; a low shrub, rarely 2.5 meters high; flowers

pinkish red; berries glossy black, almost 1 cm. in diameter. Tecpam,

J. R. Johnston 761a. — Dept. Quezaltenango: Hedgerow near Quezal-

jtenango, alt. 2,400 meters, Skutch 810. Volcan de Santa Maria,

Ibetween Santa Maria de Jesus, Las Mojadas, and summit of the

volcano, alt. 1,500-3,000 meters, Steyermark 34031; a shrub of

1.5-2.5 meters. At present the species is known definitely only

from Guatemala, but Sesse & Mocino 5207 has been annotated by

Dr. P. A. Munz as being probably Fuchsia Seleriana. Most of the

Sess£ and Mocino plants came from Mexico, but it is known or at

least believed that those collectors visited Guatemala, and they are

reported to have prepared a manuscript flora of the latter country.

ARALIAGEAE

Sciadodendron excelsum Griseb. Bonplandia 6: 7. 1858.—

Originally described from Panama, this small tree has been known

to extend along the Pacific coast as far north as Salvador. It may

now be reported even farther northward, from Guatemala: Dept.

Chiquimula: Rocky outcrops along gorge of Rio Chiquimula, between

Santa Barbara and Petapilla, 4-6 miles north of Chiquimula, alt.

364 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. 22

350-420 meters, Steyermark 30271; a tree of 7.5 meters, most of the

leaves borne at the top of the trunk.

UMBELLIFERAE

Hydrocotyle pusilla A. Rich. Ann. Sci. Phys. 4: 167. pi. 52,,

f. 2. 1820. H. costaricensis Rose, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 17: 195.

1927. — In Central America this species has been recorded, so far as

we know, only from Costa Rica, where it has been collected several

times. It is widely dispersed in South America and West Indies,

and Mathias (Brittonia 2: 206. 1936) cites its range as extending

to Mexico. The following collections may be placed on record for

Guatemala: Dept. Jalapa: Vicinity of Soledad, Montana Mira-i

mundo, between Jalapa and Mataquescuintla, alt. 2,000-2,500

meters, creeping along brook among hepatics, Steyermark 32665.

Potrero Carrillo, at Hierba Buena, 14 miles northeast of Jalapa, alt. j

1,500-1,900 meters, creeping in wooded swamp on moist knolls,

Steyermark 33042. — Dept. Chimaltenango: Near Rio Pixcayo,

between Chimaltenango and San Martin Jilotepeque, alt. 1,650-

1,800 meters, creeping along a ditch, Standley 64334; creeping at;

edge of stream, Standley 64444. — Dept. San Marcos: Along road

between San Sebastian at km. 21 and km. 8, 8-18 miles northwest of

San Marcos, alt. 2,700-3,800 meters, creeping over wet rocks near

base of a waterfall, Steyermark 35733. — Dept. Alta Verapaz: Moun-

tains east of Tactic on road to Tamahu, creeping in dense, wet

forest, alt. 1,600 meters, Standley 71224. The plant is rare or local

in Guatemala, in contrast with Hydrocotyle mexicana Cham. &

Schlecht., which grows almost everywhere in forests of middle and

higher elevations.

Hydrocotyle ranunculoides L. f. Suppl. PI. 177. 1781.— In

Rose and Standley's account of the genus Hydrocotyle in Central

America (Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 17: 194. 1927), H. ranunculoides

was reported from Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama. A few

Guatemalan collections, all unfortunately sterile, are available from

recent collections: Dept. Quezaltenango: Olintepeque, edge of river,

common, alt. 2,415 meters, Standley 66004. — Dept. Chimaltenango:

Finca La Alameda, near Chimaltenango, alt. 1,830 meters, floating

in a small stream, Standley 59161; leaves very lustrous in the fresh

state. Near Parramos, alt. 1,650-1,800 meters, Standley 59871.

ERICACEAE

Anthopterus Wardii Ball in Hook. Icon. 15: pi. 1465. 1884.—

Of this rather curious plant, noteworthy for its 5-winged corolla,

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS — II 365

; jut a single collection was reported from North America by Albert

[ j. Smith in his account of the Thibaudieae (Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb.

8: 408. 1932), Pittier 5652 from Cerro de Garagara, Darie'n, Panama.

;i second collection has now come to hand, from the same region:

>est, Cana-Cuasi trail, Prov. Darie'n, alt. 1,650 meters, February,

1940, M. E. & R. A. Terry 1569. "A shrub or tree(?). Calyx scarlet,

he corolla white."

Disterigma panamense Standl., sp. nov. — Fruticulus epiphy-

icus sparse ramosus, ramis gracilibus usque 20 cm. longis nodosis

iubteretibus ferrugineis, internodiis brevibus, novellis dense pilis

ulbidis patulis hispidulis; petioli subnulli; laminae patentes lineari-

>blongae tenues 8-12 mm. longae 2.5-3 mm. latae acutiusculae,

L>asi obtusae, sparse puberulae vel fere glabrae, integrae vel obsolete

>errulatae, e basi trinerviae, sparse fusco-punctatae, marginibus

:enuibus pallidis, nervis subtus prominulis vel saltern manifestis;

Bores breviter pedicellati vel subsessiles, bracteis inaequalibus stra-

mineis striatis fere glabris, interioribus late ovalibus apice rotundatis

osque 2.5 mm. longis, exterioribus late ovatis obtusis vel acutiusculis

;multo brevioribus; calyx fere glaber, lobis 4 acutis vel acutiusculis

J2 mm. longis rigidis ciliatis; corolla glabra alba 5 mm. longa, tubo

cylindraceo crassiusculo, lobis 4 triangularibus acutis suberectis;

jstamina corollam subaequantia, stylo aequilongo. — Panama: Rain

(forest, Cana-Cuasi trail, Chepigana District, Prov. Darie'n, Panama,

alt. 1,650 meters, March 15, 1940, R. A. & M. E. Terry 1564 (type

in Herb. Field Mus.).

Only time and further material will tell whether this is sufficiently

distinct from the common South American Disterigma empetrifolium

(HBK.) Drude to deserve specific status. Certain not too well

marked structural characters and the distributional factors lead

one to believe that it probably is distinct. D. empetrifolium, rang-

ing in the Andes from Venezuela to Peru, occurs at 2,000 to 4,200

meters, a much greater elevation than that at which the Panama

plant grows. The leaves of D. panamense are thinner, narrower, and

more distinctly 3-nerved than those of D. empetrifolium, and they

are widely divaricate rather than erect or ascending. The corolla,

too, is somewhat smaller than in any or most of the South American

collections.

SAPOTACEAE

Bumelia LeSueurii Standl., sp. nov. — Arbor, ramis crassius-

culis nigrescentibus vel fusco-ferrugineis longitrorsum et interdum

quoque transverse rimosis sparse spinosis, novellis densissime pilis

366 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. 22

brunneis lucidis patulis pilosis, internodiis brevibus; spinae rigidae

adscendenti-divaricatae 8-12 mm. longae; folia parva breviter petio-

lata subcoriacea vel rigide membranacea, petiolo crassiusculo 4-6

mm. longo dense patulo-piloso; lamina oblonga vel anguste oblonga

4.5-6.5 cm. longa 1.5-2.3 cm. lata, obtusa vel apice rotundata, basi

obtusa vel anguste rotundata, rarius subacuta, supra in sicco cinereo-

viridis glabra, minute pallido-puncticulata, nervis venisque promi-

nulis atque reticulatis, subtus fere concolor ubique pilis brevibus

pallidis brunnescentibus patulis e basi furcatis plus minusve inter-

textis pilosa, costa tenera prominente, nervis lateralibus prominulis

remotis angulo lato abeuntibus; flores in axillis foliorum paucifasci- '

culati vel interdum ut videtur singuli, pedicellis crassiusculis 3-4 mm. I

longis dense brunneo-tomentosis; sepala ovalia vel ovali-ovata 3.5 !

mm. longa extus dense brunneo-sericea apice obtusa vel rotundata, .

intus glabra; corolla extus glabra, lobis ut videtur in vivo reflexis i

oblongis obtusis 3 mm. longis; staminodia majuscula lineari-lanceo- ':

lata attenuato-acuminata glabra breviter exserta, antheris oblongis

breviter exsertis; stylus crassiusculus sepalis duplo longior glaber, I

ovario dense piloso. — Mexico: Rio Bonito, Chihuahua, December, !

1936, Harde LeSueur 1160 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).

Bumelia lanuginosa (Michx.) Pers., which extends from Texas

into Tamaulipas, Coahuila, and Nuevo Leon, seems to be the closest !{

relative of the tree here described. It differs, however, in having

more or less cuneate leaves, numerous flowers on more elongate j

pedicels, broad corolla lobes, and a short, included style.

Chrysophyllum panamense Pittier, var. macrophyllum j

Standl., var. nov. — Folia magna, petiolo crasso 12-25 mm. longo; I

lamina ovalis usque late elliptica vel late elliptico-oblonga vulgo |

20-33 cm. longa et 10-13.5 cm. lata, breviter cuspidato-acuminata,

basi subtruncata usque acutiuscula, subtus aliquanto pallidior sparse

minuteque sericea vel fere glabra; corolla sparse vel dense sericea;

fructus quam in forma typica speciei major, seminibus vulgo 4,

interdum 1-3 vel 5. — Panama: Barro Colorado Island, Canal Zone:

Near Laboratory, Snyder-Molino Trail, September 3, 1937, James

Zetek 3810 (type in Herb. Field Mus.); March 19, 1937, Zetek 3810.

Wheeler Trail, July, 1931, D. E. Starry 118. Snyder-Molino Trail,

March 5, 1932, Otis Shattuck 778.

Excellent material of this Chrysophyllum has been forwarded by

Mr. Zetek, who believes that it constitutes a new species, distinct

from C. panamense, which possibly may be the case. It differs from

the typical form of the species in its substantially larger leaves and

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS — II 367

ji its larger fruits with more numerous seeds. What is taken to be

he typical form of C. panamense has normally one seed in each fruit,

>ut sometimes two. The number of seeds probably is variable, and

ihere is no well marked difference in leaf size, while the flowers appear

jo be identical in the two forms. It therefore seems necessary to

iegard the large-leafed tree as only a variety of C. panamense.

Lucuma Austin -Smithii Standl., sp. nov. — Arbor 12-metralis,

irunco 30 cm. diam., ramulis crassiusculis primo densissime brunneo-

ericeis, serius glabratis, internodiis brevibus; folia majuscula petio-

iata tenuiter coriacea, petiolo gracili 1.5-2 cm. longo dense brunneo-

iericeo vel glabrato; lamina obovato-oblonga vel oblanceolato-

!>blonga, interdum elliptico-oblonga, 10-17 cm. longa 4-7.5 cm. lata,

tpice acuta vel subacuminata usque rotundata, basi acuta vel inter-

,lum cuneato-angustata, supra in sicco sublucida fusco-brunnescens,

brimo dense brunneo-sericea sed cito glabrata et in statu adulto

)mnino glabra, costa nervisque non elevatis, nervulis prominulis

jitque arete reticulatis, subtus multo pallidior, in statu juvenili den-

idssime brunneo-sericea, in statu adulto ubique pilis arete adpressis

prunnescentibus et griseis sat dense sericea, costa crassiuscula promi-

icnte, nervis lateralibus utroque latere ca. 16 prominentibus teneris

mbarcuatis angulo lato divergentibus juxta marginem arcuato-

unctis, venulis inconspicuis sed prominulis et arete reticulatis; flores

ixillares solitarii vel geminati, pedicellis gracilibus rectis 9-11 mm.

ongis dense brunneo-sericeis; sepala 4, 2 exterioribus florem invol-

ventibus late ovalibus 7 mm. longis apice rotundatis vel obtusissimis

xtus dense minuteque brunneo-sericeis, interioribus 2 conformibus

t aequilongis extus fere glabris, intus glabris; ovarium densissime

villosum, stylo glabro crassiusculo recto 3.5 mm. longo. — Costa

Rica: La Pena de Zarcero, Canton Alfaro Ruiz, Prov. Alajuela, alt.

L,575 meters, in cloud forest of Caribbean watershed, October 22,

1938, Austin Smith H1280 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).

"Trunk erect, 30 cm. in diameter at the base. Bark dark cin-

namon-brown. Leaves thinly coriaceous, rigid, faintly shining,

dark green above, buff-green on the lower surface; outer sepals

bronzy green, the inner ones pale yellowish. The tree emits a sticky,

milky sap."

Lucuma Durlandii Standl. Trop. Woods 4: 5. 1925. — The tree

has been collected numerous times in Pete"n, Guatemala, whence

originally described, as well as in British Honduras. Three recent

collections indicate a much wider range for it: Guatemala: Dept.

Izabal, bay of Santo Tomas, between Escobas and Santo Tomas,

368 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 22

at sea level, Steyermark 39228; a tree; leaves firmly chartaceous,

dark green above, pale grass-green beneath; flowers white. — Mexico:

La Palma, Balancan, Tabasco, in virgin forest, Matuda 3297 (de-

termined by Lundell) ; a small tree with green fruits. Tamazunchale,

San Luis Potosi, in forest on hillside, alt. 300 meters, C. L. & Amelia

A. Lundell 7199; a tree of 12 meters, the trunk 15 cm. in diameter;

corolla white.

Sideroxylon Steyermarkii Standl., sp. nov. — Arbor 7-9-

metralis, ramulis crassis subteretibus fusco-ferrugineis longitrorsum

rugosis, novellis sparse denseve pilis cinereis et brunnescentibus

intermixtis sericeis, cito glabrescentibus, internodiis brevibus; folia

modica vel magna breviter petiolata subcoriacea et subrigida, petiolo

crassiusculo 1-2 cm. longo sparse sericeo vel glabrato; lamina ob-

lanceolato-oblonga vel obovato-oblonga 10-21 cm. longa 3.5-9.5 cm.

lata, apice obtusa vel saepius rotundata, basin versus arcuato-

angustata vel cuneato-angustata, basi ipsa cuneato-acuta, supra in

sicco viridis glabra, costa subimpressa, nervis planis, subtus paullo

pallidior, primo sparse pilis arete adpressis griseis sericea, serius

glabrata, costa gracili elevata, nervis lateralibus utroque latere 9-14

teneris subarcuatis prominentibus angulo latiusculo adscendentibus

juxta marginem sursum curvatis et junctis, venis prominulis incon-

spicuis laxe reticulatis; flores e nodis nudis infra folia nascentes

fasciculati, pedicellis fructiferis crassis angulatis glabratis 1.5-2 cm.

longis; sepala ca. 6 inaequalia arete imbricata brunnescentia glabra

vel glabrata 2.5-3 mm. longa apice obtusa usque subrotundata;

stylus crassus sursum attenuatus ca. 2 mm. longus; fructus mono-

spermus late ovoideus glaber in sicco lucidus ca. 2 cm. longus et 1.5

cm. latus, sessilis et basi rotundatus, apice subacutus; semen laeve ca.

1.5 cm. longum pallide lutescens. — Guatemala: Dept. Quezaltenango:

Quebrada Canala, along Rio Samala between Santa Maria de Jesus

and Calahuache", alt. 1,200-1,300 meters, January 9, 1940, Julian A.

Steyermark 33858 (type in Herb. Field Mus.); local name Cacho de

venado; a tree with milky sap; leaves coriaceous, stiff, dark green

above, pale green beneath, the nerves prominent; fruit green, about

2 cm. long and 1.5 cm. broad, pointed at the apex, turbinate, dull

olive-green. — Dept. Suchitepe"quez : Southern, lower slopes of Volcan

de Zunil, vicinity of Finca Las Nubes, along Quebrada Chita, east

of Pueblo Nuevo, alt. 500-800 meters, February 2, 1940, Steyermark

35409; leaves dark, rich green above, pale green beneath.

Although corollas are absent, from the general appearance of the

flowers and foliage, this tree appears almost certainly referable to

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS — II 369

jhe genus Sideroxylon. In that group it is well marked by its very

btuse or rounded, rather short-petiolate leaves.

PRIMULACEAE

Centunculus minimus L. Sp. PI. 116. 1753. — As limited by

5ax and Knuth (Pflanzenreich IV. 237: 334. 1905), the genus Centun-

•ulus consists of a single species, C. pentandrus R. Br., reported from

Carious parts of Mexico and Central America, being referred by those

jiuthors to the synonymy of Anagallis pumila Sw. C. minimus has a

ivide range in both the eastern and western hemispheres, but is not

•ecorded, so far as available literature indicates, from Central Amer-

ca. Two collections have been made in Guatemala: Dept. San

Marcos: Along Quebrada Canjula, between Sibinal and Canjula,

jVblcan de Tacana, marshy, open meadow, alt. 2,200-2,500 meters,

fiteyermark 35972. Along road between San Sebastian at km. 21 and

Ion. 8, 8-18 miles northwest of San Marcos, alt. 2,700-3,800 meters,

in spring-fed meadow along a quebrada, Steyermark 35594.

Lysimachia Steyermarkii Standl., sp. nov. — Herba ut videtur

adscendens vel decumbens, caule elongate crasso ad nodos radicante,

caulibus ultimis erectis 16-19 cm. longis simplicibus ochraceis ut

jvidetur subcarnosis, glabris vel superne sparse pilis longis patentibus

villosis; folia alterna petiolata membranacea, petiolo 4-15 mm. longo

crasso saepe rubro vel purpurascente submarginato sparse villoso;

lamina late ovata usque elliptica vel lanceolato-elliptica 3-6 cm.

longa 1.5-2.5 cm. lata acuta vel subacuminata, basin versus plus

minusve angustata, interdum contracta et decurrens, basi saepius

acuta vel subobtusa, supra viridis sparse villosa vel fere glabra, sub-

jtus paullo pallidior, sparse villosa vel fere glabra, dense punctata,

costa crassiuscula, nervis paucis inconspicuis valde obliquis angulo

angusto adscendentibus; flores in axillis foliorum supra medium

icaulis fasciculati, pedicellis gracillimis 1.5-2 cm. longis rectis vel

flexuosis sparse villosis; sepala in statu fructifero 5 mm. longa per-

sistentia oblongo-lanceolata acuta vel acuminata dense punctata

unicostata fere libera; capsula sepalis aequilonga glabra, valvis

lanceolato-oblongis. — Guatemala: Dept. Quezaltenango: Moist, steep

banks at base of rocky cliff, Volcan de Zunil, alt. 2,500-3,800 me-

ters, January 22, 1940, Julian A. Steyermark 34772 (type in Herb.

Field Mus.).

Although the genus is rather well represented in the United

States, but one species has been reported in North America south

of the Mexican border, L. mexicana Knuth, of the mountains of

370 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 22

Oaxaca, Mexico. L. Steyermarkii is related to that and to its ally,

L. chilensis (Griseb.) Knuth, of southern Chile, but it differs from

both in its sessile rather than long-pedunculate fascicles of flowers.

Its leaves, too, are relatively much broader than those of L. mexicana.

GENTIANACEAE

Lisianthus arcuatus Perkins, Bot. Jahrb. 31: 492. 1902.—

Heretofore the species has been recorded definitely only from Costa

Rica, but a not very recent collection that has lain in the herbarium

without study until now attests its occurrence also in Honduras:

Cuyamel, on hills, March, 1924, M. A. Carleton 584. The corollas I

are slightly shorter than those of most Costa Rican specimens, but

otherwise the plants are all alike.

APOCYNACEAE

Zschokkea Standleyi Woodson in Standl. Bot. Ser. Field Mus.

22: 44. 1940. Lacmellea edulis Woodson, N. Amer. Fl. 29: 141. 1938,

non Karst. — An attempt to determine a recent Steyermark collection,

cited below, has resulted, it is believed, in clarifying the status of the

so-called Lacmellea several times reported from British Honduras.

Lacmellea edulis Karst. was described from the Rio Meta, Colombia,

and the senior author some years ago made the mistake of referring

to the same species material collected on Barro Colorado Island,

Panama, later described by Woodson as Zschokkea panamensis.

Woodson's studies showed also that the British Honduras specimens I

determined by the senior author as Lacmellea edulis really belonged to

that Colombian species. It always has seemed strange that the

Colombian plant should skip across all of Central America to appear

in British Honduras. Some species do have such an interrupted

distribution, so far as present records indicate, but in their cases

there are no closely related species found at intervening localities.

Study of the available material of so-called Lacmellea, including

that of the Missouri Botanical Garden Herbarium, kindly lent for

study by Dr. J. M. Greenman, shows that actually it is identical

with the species described by Dr. Woodson in 1940 as Zschokkea

Standleyi. All the British Honduras material previously available

bore only buds, with no developed corollas. As Zschokkea and Lac-

mellea have been separated, the former has relatively short corolla

lobes, much shorter than the tube, and the anthers are inserted near

the top of the tube; in Lacmellea the corolla lobes about equal the

tube, and the anthers are inserted near the middle of the tube. In

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS— II 371

the undeveloped corollas of the British Honduras tree, the corolla

tube is at first short, and the anthers are borne near its middle; but,

when the corolla is ready to open, as shown by the Guatemalan

specimens cited below, the tube has become much longer, and the

anthers, although they have actually maintained their former posi-

tion, are now near the apex of the elongate tube.

From all this it seems clear that the material cited below from

Guatemala and British Honduras is congeneric and conspecific,

that it is not Lacmellea edulis, and that the proper name for it is

Zschokkea Standleyi Woodson. However, there are further compli-

cations of the subject, which can not be resolved at the present

time. If one consults Karsten's plate of Lacmellea edulis (FI. Columb.

pi 152), there immediately arises a suspicion that he also may have

dealt with material with only young and incompletely developed

corollas. Both the habit sketch and the flower dissections lead one

to suspect as much. Unfortunately, no South American material

of Lacmellea is available to the writers, but they will not be surprised

if ultimately Lacmellea and Zschokkea prove to be congeneric. That

would be unfortunate, since the name Lacmellea antedates Zschokkea,

and under the latter genus a good many species have been described.

The following material of Zschokkea Standleyi is now at hand:

Guatemala: Dept. Izabal: In pasture near Entre Rios, common,

alt. 18 meters, April, 1939, Standley 72587, type of Z. Standleyi; a

tree of 4.5-6 meters; corolla cream-colored. Between Virginia and

Lago de Izabal, Montana del Mico, alt. 50-500 meters, April 5,

1940, Steyermark 38886; a tree of 11 meters; leaves subcoriaceous,

dark, rich green above, pale grass-green beneath; calyx tube green;

corolla tube greenish white, swollen at the base, the lobes white.—

British Honduras: Rio Blanco, April, 1929, N. S. Stevenson 120

(Yale School For. 14902); a sterile specimen; local names Palo de

vaca and Cow tree; a small tree. Rio Grande, in river swamp, alt.

15 meters, Schipp 1234; a tree of 9 meters; fruit yellow; wood

soft; latex white. Temash River, alt. 30 meters, in swamp forest,

February 18, 1935, Schipp 1326; local name Vaca; a tree of 9 meters;

flowers creamy white; the trunk has woody spines; the latex is good

to drink but a bit tacky. Without definite locality, J. B. Kinloch

11; local name Prickly vaca.

CONVOLVULACEAE

Ipomoea Davidsoniae Standl. Bot. Ser. Field Mus. 22: 98.

1940.— A second and better preserved specimen of this recently

372 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 22

described species has been received: Panama: Near Camiseta, Vol

can de Chiriqui, Boquete District, Prov. Chiriqui, alt. 2,100 meters

February, 1940, M. E. Terry 1368. "Corolla pale lavender at th

margin, the throat deep lavender or purple." The peduncles equa

or exceed the leaves, being 6-8 cm. long, and they bear few or numeri

ous, densely congested flowers, which are either sessile or borne oij

short, stout pedicels.

Jacquemontia pinetorum Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — U

videtur fruticosa, ramosa, ramis crassis fusco-ferrugineis subterei

tibus, novellis dense velutino-pilosis, pilis patulis sordidis, inter:

nodiis brevibus vel elongatis; folia parva longipetiolata herbaceai

petiolo gracili 5-14 mm. longo dense patulo-piloso; lamina lat|

deltoideo-ovata usque oblongo-ovata 2-2.5 cm. longa 1-1.7 cml

lata subacuminata usque obtusa, basi breviter cordata, utrinquii

pilis cinereis vel sordidis dense molliter velutino-pilosa; cymae axil:

lares dense pauci- vel multiflorae corollis exclusis vix ultra 12 mrnji

latae, pedunculis plerumque 2.5-3.5 cm. longis folia aequantibui

vel longioribus, floribus congestis breviter pedicellatis, bracteis pan

vis subulatis; sepala 3-3.5 mm. longa extus densissime velutinoj

pilosa rotundato-ovata apice obtusa; corolla caeruleo-purpurea extu|

glabra ca. 8 mm. longa. — Guatemala: Dept. Izabal: Open, rockj:

places along road in pine forest, between Milla 49.5 and ridge (g

miles from Izabal, Montana del Mico, alt. 65-600 meters, April li]

1940, Julian A. Steyermark 38533 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).

Corolla lavender-purple; stems creeping, or ascending at thl

tips; calyx pale green; leaves soft, membranaceous, dull grass;

green above, gray beneath. Apparently an unusually well market

member of this genus. Related species are J. nodiflora (Desr.) Donj

which has sessile or short-pedunculate inflorescences and glabroul

or almost glabrous sepals; and J. simulata House, which has a larger!

white corolla.

POLEMONIACEAE

Cobaea Skutchii I. M. Johnston, Journ. Arn. Arb. 19: 128

1938. — Described from Palmar, Dept. Quezaltenango, at 1,22C

meters, Skutch 1456, this species is well marked by its small corollas

and especially by the very broad calyx lobes. Two later collection

of it have been made in Guatemala: Dept. Escuintla: Wet forest

Finca Monterrey, south slope of Volcan de Fuego, alt. 1,200 meters

Standley 64538; an herbaceous vine; corolla pale green. — Dept

Quezaltenango: Along Quebrada San Geronimo, Finca Pireneos

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS — II 373

lower, south slopes of Volcan de Santa Maria, alt. 1,300-2,000 meters,

Steyermark 33388.

Cobaea tomentulosa Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 17: 457.

1914. — The type was collected near Zunil, Guatemala, at about

2,400 meters, E. W. Nelson 3683. The plant seems to be rare, for

only one recent collection of it has been made: Guatemala: Dept.

Quezaltenango, Volcan de Zunil, alt. 2,500-3,800 meters, Steyermark

34674; local name Flor de campana; corolla light yellow-green, the

lobes vertically sulcate or wrinkled; calyx grass-green; fruit pale

green, mottled with dull purple; leaves membranaceous, rich green

above, slightly paler beneath. The species is noteworthy among

the several Guatemalan ones for its very large corollas.

VERBENACEAE

Clerodendron pithecobium Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov.—

Frutex epiphyticus scandens, ramis crassiusculis nodosis obtuse sub-

angulatis sordido-ochraceis, internodiis 2.5-4 cm. longis, interdum

sublucidis, novellis dense strigosis cito glabratis; folia opposita

petiolata subcoriacea, petiolo crasso vulgo 10-12 mm. longo primo

sparse strigoso, cito glabrato; lamina oblongo-elliptica vel elliptico-

obovata saepius 6-12.5 cm. longa et 4-7.5 cm. lata, apice obtusa

usque rotundata et interdum brevissime apicata, basi acuta vel

obtusa, supra in sicco fuscescens glabra, costa nervisque impressis,

subtus fere concolor lucida primo sparse strigosa sed cito glabrata,

minute puncticulata, costa tenera elevata, nervis lateralibus utroque

latere ca. 5 tenerrimis prominentibus arcuatis vel fere rectis aliquanto

irregularibus angulo ca. semirecto adscendentibus remote a margine

junctis, venis obscuris; flores axillares solitarii, pedicellis gracilibus

glabris 12-20 mm. longis; calyx campanulatus glaber in sicco sub-

coriaceus 5-6 mm. longus basi obtusus subcostatus, subtruncatus et

brevissime 5-dentatus, dentibus remotis erectis vix 1 mm. longis;

corolla purpureo-rubra extus glabra, tubo crassiusculo recto fere 3

cm. longo tereti 4 mm. lato sursum non dilatato, lobis paullo in-

aequalibus ca. 4 mm. longis late ovalibus vel subrotundatis apice

rotundatis ciliatis; stamina inclusa. — Guatemala: Damp, dense for-

est, La Shuya, southwest of San Martin Chile Verde, Dept. Quezal-

tenango, alt. 1,620 meters, March 8, 1939, Paul C. Standley 67887

(type in Herb. Field Mus.).

While the generic position of this plant probably is somewhat

uncertain, it is obviously closely related to the recently described

(Bot. Ser. Field Mus. 22:99. 1940) ClerodendronMoldenkeanum Standl.,

374 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. 22

whose type was collected in the region of Volcan de Tacana, Chiapas.

In that the calyx lobes are linear-subulate and 5-6 mm. long.

Verbena teucriifolia Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 11, pt.

2: 322, 1844. — In Miss Perry's monograph of the genus Verbena

(Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 20: 334. 1933) this species is reported outside

Mexico only from Quezaltenango, Guatemala. While in Guatemala

it is commoner about Quezaltenango than elsewhere, it does extend

considerably farther east. The following recent collections, some of

them determined by Miss Perry, have been made in this country:

Dept. San Marcos: In field, 2 km. below town of Tajumulco, Volcan

de Tajumulco, alt. 1,800 meters, Steyermark 36859; stems spreading;

corollas purple. — Dept. Quezaltenango: Prostrate on sand, along

eastern side of Rio Samala, opposite Santa Maria de Jesus, alt.

1,500 meters, Steyermark 35060. Dry, rocky hillside, Cerro La

Pedrera, south of Quezaltenango, alt. 2,400 meters, Standley 65521;

plants prostrate, common; corolla rose-purple. Near Quezaltenango,

open bank, prostrate, alt. 2,300 meters, Standley 66437. — Dept.

Chimaltenango: Finca La Alameda, near Chimaltenango, alt. 1,800

meters, J. R. Johnston 794, 720.

LABIATAE

Satureja Seleriana Loes. Verh. Bot. Ver. Brandenb. 51: 35.

1909. — The type was collected by Seler in Cupressus forest of Sierra

Santa Elena, above Tecpam, Dept. Chimaltenango, Guatemala.

There is cited in addition, with the original description, Heyde & Lux

3125 from Chiul, Dept. Quiche", and Loesener published (op. cit. 36)

a var. guatemalensis, based on a Seler collection from Todos Santos,

Dept. Huehuetenango. The plant seems to be decidedly local in

Guatemala, and a good part of the specimens cited below were

obtained at the type locality — if not from the same plants! It is a

handsome shrub because of its rather large and brilliantly colored

flowers, which, however, are produced in no great abundance.

Guatemala: Dept. Chimaltenango: Sierra Santa Elena, alt. 2,300

meters, December, 1929, Jorge G. Salas 1398. Chichoy, J. R.

Johnston 764, 1638. Cerro de Tecpam, region of Santa Elena, alt.

2,400-2,700 meters, in Cupressus forest, Standley 61119, 60959,

58796; a slender shrub of 1-2 meters, common, the corolla bright

red. — Dept. Quiche": Mount Maria Tecum, alt. 3,000 meters, April,

1937, W. C. Muenscher 12358. Some of the specimens cited may

have reached other herbaria under a manuscript name, as a supposed

new species, assigned to the plant by the senior author.

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS— II 375

SOLANACEAE

Athenaea locuples Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Arbuscula

3-metralis ut videtur laxe ramosa, ramis vetustioribus ochraceis,

jnovellis viridibus crassis dense brevissime sordido-villosulis, in sicco

obtuse angulatis, internodiis plerumque brevibus; folia solitaria

magna longipetiolata membranacea, petiolo gracili 3.5-7.5 cm. longo

dense breviterque viscido-villosulo; lamina late ovata vel sub-

rhombeo-ovata vulgo 10-18 cm. longa et 6.5-13 cm. lata acuminata

vel longiacuminata, basi late rotundata usque obtusa, ima basi inter-

dum subito contracta et breviter decurrens, subintegra vel saep-

ius remote grosseque repando-dentata vel fere sublobata, dentibus

late triangularibus patulis, supra in sicco fusco-viridis sat dense pilis

i brevibus non viscidis villosula, subtus concolor, dense ubique

I pilis brevibus viscido- villosula; flores numerosissimi in axillis fasci-

jculati, pedicellis gracilibus 2-2.5 cm. longis dense viscido-puberulis;

calyx campanularis viridis baccam arete amplectens in statu fructi-

fero 6-8 mm. altus et aequilatus vel paullo latior breviter dentatus,

dentibus subremotis triangularibus acutis vel subacuminatis in fructo

subincurvis, extus dense viscido-puberulus; bacca subglobosa ca. 8

I mm. lata glabra apice late rotundata; semina numerosa 1 mm. vel

paullo ultra diam. sublucida brunnea subprofunde foveolata. — Guate-

mala: Dept. San Marcos: Dry, rocky, pine flat, above Finca El Por-

venir, along Rio Cabus to within two miles of Cueva de las Palomas,

south-facing slopes of Volcan de Tajumulco, alt. 1,300-1,500 meters,

March 16, 1940, Julian A. Steyermark 37953 (type in Herb. Field

Mus.); leaves soft and membranaceous, rich green above, dull green

beneath; fruit globular, dark green turning dull red.

The species is noteworthy for the very abundant flowers, which

form umbel-like fascicles. The flowers are much smaller than those

of A. macrocardia, described below, and the leaves are usually

rounded, never cordate, at the base.

Athenaea macrocardia Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Herba

erecta 3-metralis, ramis crassis fusco-ochraceis teretibus ubique

dense pilis laxis patentibus longiusculis plurilocularibus ut videtur

non viscidis villosis, internodiis elongatis; folia magna solitaria longi-

petiolata membranacea subaequalia, petiolo gracili 4-10 cm. longo

dense villoso; lamina late ovata undulata vel utroque latere breviter

pauci-angulata 15-24 cm. longa 9-17 cm. lata subabrupte acuminata

vel longiacuminata, basi insigniter obliqua profunde cordata, sinu

1-3 cm. alto, supra in sicco fuscescens ubique viscido-puberula vel

villosula, ad nervos densius longiusque villosula, subtus paullo palli-

376 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 22

dior ubique dense pilis longis brevibusque intermixtis viscido-vil-

losula, pilis longioribus laxe patulis plurilocularibus pallidis; flores in

axillis fasciculati pauci vel numerosi, pedicellis gracilibus 2.5-5 cm.

longis dense pilis laxis patulis villosis; calyx florifer ca. 13 mm. longus,

in statu fructifero auctus et baccam arete involvens, profunde, saepe

fere ad basin, lobatus, dense viscido-villosus, segmentis e basi late

ovata attenuato-acuminatis; corolla fere rotata extus dense villosa

fere 1.5 cm. longa, profunde lobata, segmentis ovali-ovatis sub-

obtusis intus glabris; filamenta antheris subaequilonga puberula,

antheris oblongis crassis 4.5 mm. longis rimis lateralibus dehiscentibus

apice subemarginatis glabris; stylus gracilis dense puberulus; bacca

subglobosa ca. 1.5 cm. diam. glabra, apice late rotundata; semina

subglobosa luteo-brunnea 1.5 mm. diam., dense foveolata sublucida.

—Guatemala: Dept. Zacapa: Pine-covered canyon bordering Rio

Lima, Sierra de las Minas, below Finca Alexandria, alt. 2,000 meters,

October 14, 1939, Julian A. Steyermark 30004 (type in Herb. Field

Mus.); corolla with spreading lobes, pale yellow-cream with olive-

green spots around the base; anthers brownish black; fruit orange.

Marked by the large, deeply cordate leaves, suggestive of those

of some species of Cyphomandra, and by the very large flowers and

fruits and deeply lobed calyx.

Brunfelsia nyctaginoides Standl. Bot. Ser. Field Mus. 22:

47. 1940. — Described only recently from Volcan de Tacana, Chiapas,

Mexico, this plant was collected several times during early 1940 in

the mountains of extreme western Guatemala, where it is abundant

locally, and exceedingly showy. It is, in fact, one of the most beauti-

ful and conspicuous plants of the region, because of its great abun-

dance of large, brilliantly colored flowers. When the species was

described, its author was doubtful regarding its generic position,

and some of this doubt still persists, in spite of the ample specimens

now available for study. As a matter of fact, the plant appears to

be something of a connecting link between the genera Browallia,

Brunfelsia, and Streptosolen, but probably best placed, after all, in

Brunfelsia. The flower color and somewhat woody habit seem to

exclude it from Browallia, whose species are normally annuals.

Brunfelsia nyctaginoides closely resembles Streptosolen in general

appearance and habit, but in that genus the corolla tube is definitely

curved, and near the base it is slightly twisted. The corolla tube of

the Guatemalan plant can scarcely be said to be curved, but in most

of the pressed and dried flowers it is perfectly straight, and at the

base it is not at all twisted. The following new collections may be

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS — II 377

placed on record: Guatemala: Dept. San Marcos: In mixed forest

bordering barranco, between town of Tajumulco and Tecutla, north-

western slopes of Volcan de Tajumulco, alt. 1,800-2,500 meters,

February 27, 1940, Steyermark 36747; a large, climbing herb; corolla

tube orange with greenish at the base, the lobes vermilion flame-

scarlet, the orifice orange; leaves membranaceous, dull green above,

pale beneath. In sun or shade, along Quebrada Canjula, between

Sibinal and Canjula, Volcan de Tacana, alt. 2,200-2,500 meters,

February 18, 1940, Steyermark 36016; a sprangling half-shrub, half-

climbing; leaves olive-grass-green; corolla scarlet, the orifice golden

yellow. Common at higher elevations in Abies forest, between San

Sebastian and Todos Santos, upper slopes of Volcan de Tajumulco,

alt. 3,000-3,800 meters, March 1, 1940, Steyermark 36950; herba-

ceous. It may be noted that the color of the corolla is almost identical

with that reported for Streptosolen Jamesonii, an Ecuador plant

sometimes grown for ornament in California and elsewhere.

Cyphomandra Rojasiana Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Frutex

3-metralis, ramis teretibus dense minute puberulis vel subhirtellis,

pilis brevibus rectangule patulis, nodis in sicco constrictis; folia

inaequalia longipetiolata firme membranacea integra, petiolo usque

8.5 cm. longo minute denseque hirtello; lamina asymmetrice lateque

ovata 12-22 cm. longa et 9-14 cm. lata vel ultra, abrupte breviter

acuminata vel subobtusa, basi inaequali profunde angusteque cor-

data, sinu lato vel angusto aperto, lobis posticis late rotundatis,

supra in sicco intense viridis vel subfusca minutissime sparse pu-

berula, ad costam nervosque minute dense hirtella, subtus concolor,

saltern ad nervos breviter hirtella, costa crassa, nervis lateralibus

utroque latere ca. 6, venis laxe reticulatis inconspicuis; inflores-

centiae axillares umbelliformes ca. 4-florae, pedunculo gracili fere

2 cm. longo viscido-puberulo, pedicellis gracilibus 8-15 mm. longis

vel in statu fructifero usque 3 cm. vel ultra dense glanduloso-puberu-

lis; calyx ca. 3 mm. longus et 5 mm. latus basi acutus extus sparse

glanduloso-puberulus, lobis late triangularibus vel rotundo-ovatis

obtusis vel apice fere rotundatis ad margines dense tomentellis;

corolla in alabastro late ovoidea ca. 7 mm. longa extus fere glabra

sed ad margines segmentorum dense hirtella, ad anthesin ca. 14 mm.

longa fere ad basin lobata, lobis lanceolato-oblongis apicem sub-

obtusum versus angustatis, intus glabris, paten tibus; antherae fere

sessiles oblongae 5 mm. longae crassae glabrae, apice poris 2 magnis

dehiscentes; bacca immatura ellipsoidea 3.5 cm. longa fere 2 cm. lata

apice acutata, basin versus paullo angustata, sessilis, primo dense

378 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. 22

minuteque hirtella, glabrescens. — Guatemala: Dept. Suchitepequez:

In ravine, Finca Moca, alt. 990 meters, October 20, 1934, Alexander

F. Skutch 1472 (type in Herb. Field Mus.); a straggling shrub to 3

meters high; stems and foliage with a sickening scent; petals green

on the outer surface, bronze on the inner; fruit yellow, aromatic.—

Dept. Quezaltenango : In thickets on forested slopes, lower, south-

facing slopes of Volcan de Santa Maria, between Finca Pireneos and

Los Positos, between Santa Maria de Jesus and Calahuache", alt.

1,300-1,500 meters, January 8, 1940, Steyermark 33743; a shrub of

3 meters; leaves firmly membranaceous, dark green above, light

grass-green beneath; outside of corolla lobes green, the inside purple,

shining and bordered with green; anthers light buff-orange; fruit

light yellow with rich green stripes and splotches at the apex, pointed

at each end, 5 cm. long, 3 cm. broad.

The type was distributed as Cyphomandra betacea Sendtn., a

South American species, the so-called tree tomato, which sometimes

is cultivated in Central American gardens. C. Rojasiana is named

for Professor Ulises Rojas. It is related to C. costaricensis Bonn.

Smith, a species common along the Atlantic coast of Central America

from Honduras to Panama. In the latter the anthers are much

shorter than those of C. Rojasiana, and they are densely viscid-

puberulent or papillose rather than glabrous. The corolla of C.

costaricensis, also, is much narrower in bud, and much longer in

anthesis.

Lycianthes vulpina Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 321. 1929.

—Described from the Lancetilla Valley near Tela, Atlantic coast of

Honduras, this vine has been found several times on the Atlantic

slope of Honduras, and also in British Honduras. Naturally to be

expected from the intervening coast of northern Guatemala, it may

now be reported definitely from the last country: Dept. Izabal: Wet

forest, Escoba, across the bay from Puerto Barrios, at sea level,

Standley 72917; a coarse, subscandent, branched shrub, the corolla

purplish white.

Solatium celsum Standl. & Morton, Bot. Ser. Field Mus. 18:

1077. 1938.— Based upon Skutch 2364 from El General, Costa Rica,

at 950 meters. A recent collection from Panama represents the

same species: Cana-Cuasi trail, Camp 2, Chepigana District, Prov.

DarieX alt. 600 meters, March, 1940, M. E. & R. A. Terry 1498.

A shrub of 2.5-4.5 meters. The specimen bears globose fruits 8 mm.

in diameter.

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS — II 379

SCROPHULARIACEAE

Berendtia rugosa (Benth.) Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 7: 380.

1868. Diplacus rugosus Benth. in DC. Prodr. 10: 368. 1846. B.

Ihiesbrechtii Gray, loc. cit. — The genus Berendtia consists of four

pecies, all of which were described from Mexico, and have been

eported only from that country. The present species, however,

xtends into western Guatemala: Dept. Huehuetenango: Rocky

nountain side, Chiantla, alt. 2,100-2,400 meters, Skutch 1134. Near

hiantla, brushy, rocky slope, Standley 65667; a shrub of 1.5 meters;

:orolla red. Sierra de los Cuchumatanes, above Chiantla, dry or

inoist, shaded cliffs, alt. 1,950-2,550 meters, Standley 65633, 65660;

shrub of 1-1.5 meters, very viscid, frequent in this region.

Ghiesbreghtia grandiflora Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 8: 630.

873. — The genus is monotypic, based upon material collected in

:he dry region of Chiapas, Mexico. In Guatemala it was collected

many years ago by Heyde and Lux at San Miguel Uspantan, Quiche*.

Apparently the tree is a rare one, and it is worth while to place on

"ecord a new collection, which extends considerably the known

range: Guatemala: Dept. Chiquimula, along Rio Taco, between

Chiquimula and Montana Barriol, 3-15 miles northwest of Chi-

quimula, alt. 500-1,200 meters, October, 1939, Steyermark 30666; a

tree of 6 meters. The specimens are in fruit.

Russelia laciniata Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov.— Frutex 60-90

cm. altus ramosus, ramis gracillimis omnibus teretibus pallide viridi-

bus glabris nodosis, internodiis elongatis; folia modica opposita

sessilia vel vix 2 mm. longe petiolata ovata vel saepius late rhom-

bico-ovata 5-8 cm. longa plerumque 2-5 cm. lata acuminata vel

longiacuminata, infra medium vulgo basin versus plus minusve

cuneato-angustata, basi ipsa late cuneata usque subrotundata,

crasse membranacea, margine fere ubique saltern supra partem

tertiam infimam profunde inciso-dentato vel laciniato-dentato,

dentibus vel laciniis plerumque anguste triangulari-lanceolatis usque

8 mm. longis attenuatis vel acuminatis, subrecurvis, petiolo minute

piloso vel puberulo; lamina in sicco supra griseo-viridis ad nervos

venasque scaberulo-puberula, venis prominulis arete reticulatis,

subtus fere concolor, fere glabra sed ad costam nervosque pilis paucis

inconspicuis incurvis obsita, costa tenerrima, nervis lateralibus ten-

eris prominentibus arcuatis, venis prominentibus et arete reticulatis;

inflorescentia bene evoluta non visa, floribus ut videtur paucis brevi-

ter pedicellatis; sepala inaequalia 4-7 mm. longa glabra vel glabrata

380 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 22

lanceolata vel ovata cuspidato-acuminata; capsula late ovoidea

glabra brunnescens ca. 6 mm. longa, apice abrupte in rostrum rigidum

ca. 3 mm. longum contracta. — Guatemala: Dept. San Marcos, above

Finca El Porvenir, along Rio Cabus to within two miles of Cueva de

las Palomas, south-facing slopes of Volcan de Tajumulco, alt. 1,300- '

1,500 meters, March 16, 1940, Julian A. Steyermark 37982 (type

in Herb. Field Mus.); leaves membranaceous, light grass-green on

both sides.

The material, unfortunately, is incomplete, only two flowers, in;

fruiting state, being present on the specimen. The foliage is so unlike

that of any other Russelia we have seen, especially in its deeply

laciniate leaf margins with somewhat outcurved laciniations, that

we have no hesitancy in describing the plant as a new species.

Veronica arvensis L. Sp. PI. 13. 1753. — A common weed in

many parts of the United States and Canada, this European plant

apparently is not recorded from Central America. One recent col-

lection has been made in Guatemala: Dept. Chimaltenango: Procum-

bent in open meadow, scarce, Cerro de Tecpam, region of Santa

Elena, alt. 2,700 meters, December, 1938, Standley 58684.

BIGNONIACEAE

Jacaranda Gopaia (Aubl.) D. Don, Edinb. Phil. Journ. 9: 267.

1823. Bignonia Copaia Aubl. PL Guian. 650. pi. 265. 1775.— Seibert

in his recent excellent account of the Bignoniaceae of the Maya Area

(Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ. 522: 387. 1940) does not report this;

handsome tree from Guatemala. It has been known to occur in

British Honduras and from Nicaragua southward to northern South

America. One sterile collection attests the presence of the species

in Guatemala: Dept. Izabal: Between Virginia and Lago de Izabal,

Montana del Mico, alt. 50-500 meters, Steyermark 38872; a shrub;

leaves membranaceous, grass-green above, pale green beneath.

ACANTHACEAE

Aphelandra Heydeana Donn. Smith, Bot. Gaz. 18: 209. 1893. i

-Heyde & Lux 4037 from Chupadero, Dept. Santa Rosa,Guate- ,

mala, at 1,500 meters, is the type of this species, which is confined

to Guatemala, and apparently not common there, at least in regions '

where recent collections have been made. The following new collec-

tions are available: Dept. Guatemala, Ignacio Aguilar 303. Dept. I

Santa Rosa, damp forest near Oratorio, alt. 1,200 meters, Standley

60671; a shrub of 1.5 meters, the corolla scarlet.

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS— II 381

Aphelandra speciosa Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 196.

1915. — The species was described from Chiapas, Mexico, and has

been known only from that country. It is, however, common in

forests of western Guatemala, where it is an exceptionally handsome

and showy plant. Guatemala: Dept. Suchitepe'quez: In woodland,

Finca Moca, alt. 990 meters, W. C. Muenscher 12452. — Dept. Quezal-

tenango: Near Calahuache', alt. 1,020 meters, damp forest, Standley

67128. Finca Pireneos, below Santa Maria de Jesus, alt. 1,350

meters, damp, dense forest, Standley 68220, 68327, 68336, 68334; a

simple shrub 1-1.5 meters high. — Dept. San Marcos: Finca Vergel,

near Rodeo, alt. 900 meters, wet forest, Standley 68934, 68969,

68954; a simple shrub a meter high; bracts bright red. Volcan de

Tajumulco, above Finca El Porvenir, alt. 1,300-1,500 meters, Steyer-

mark 37220; local name Flor de Mayo; leaves firmly membranaceous,

dark green above, pale green beneath; bracts coral-red.

Aphelandra Terryae Standl., sp. nov. — Frutex 60-120 cm. altus

ramosus, ramis teretibus sordido-ochraceis dense pilis sordidis vel

fulvescentibus brevibus adscendentibus vel patulis pilosis, internodiis

brevibus; folia breviter petiolata membranacea, petiolo crasso 3-7

mm. longo dense piloso; lamina oblanceolato-oblonga 6-12 cm. longa

2-4 cm. lata acuminata, basin angustam versus longe sensimque

attenuato-angustata, supra in sicco fusco-viridis, ad costam pilis

longiusculis hirsuta, aliter glabra vel glabrata, subtus vix pallidior

ad costam nervosque sparse vel densiuscule pilosa, aliter fere glabra,

costa tenera prominente, nervis lateralibus angulo lato adscendenti-

bus arcuatis; spicae terminales simplices corollis exclusis 5-8.5 cm.

longae et paullo ultra 1 cm. latae densissime multiflorae; bracteae

arete imbricatae late ovali-ovatae vel rotundo-obovatae 1 cm. longae

vel paullo breviores, infimae interdum viridescentes et mucronulatae,

ceterae apice late rotundatae et muticae, intus dense sericeae, extus

sparse vel dense praesertim prope costam sericeae vel interdum gla-

bratae, fere omnes utroque latere paullo supra medium glandulis

paucis parvis orbicularibus arete aggregatis onustae, bracteolis lance-

olato-oblongis striatis ca. 7 mm. longis acuminatis minute pilosulis;

calycis segmenta lineari-lanceolata subulato-attenuata bracteolis

aequilonga; corolla ut dicitur coccinea 4.5-5.5 cm. longa in alabastro

longe attenuato-acuminata extus dense pilis minutis laxis pilosula,

tubo 2.5-3.5 cm. longo sursum sensim dilatato, fauce 7 mm. lato,

labio superiore ca. 2 cm. longo acuminate dorso paullo concavo,

inferiore subaequilongo trilobo, lobis anguste acuminatis; antherae

5-6 mm. longae; capsula immatura oblonga glabra lucida, apice in

382 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. 22

stylum abrupte contracta. — Panama: Tucuti, Chepigana District,

Prov. Darie"n, near sea level, March 5, 1940, M. E. & R. A. Terry

1377 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).

In Leonard's key to species of Aphelandra in Flora of Costa Rica

(Bot. Ser. Field Mus. 18: 1193. 1938) this would run at once to

A. Sinclairiana Nees, a species to which it bears little resemblance.

In general appearance A. Terry ae is similar to A. Deppeana Nees,

but that has dentate bracts.

RUBIACEAE

Bouvardia erecta (DC.) Standl. N. Amer. Fl. 32: 110. 1921.

Catesbaea erecta DC. Prodr. 4: 401. 1830. Hedyotis spinescens Sess£

& Moc. Fl. Mex. 22. 1893. — In North American Flora this small

Mexican shrub is reported only from the State of Puebla, but two

collections not then accessible indicate that its range is somewhat

wider: Maltrata, Veracruz, May, 1937, Matuda 1338. Cordillera of

Oaxaca, in 1840, Galeotti 2637. There is in the Herbarium of Field

Museum an excellent specimen of Sesse & Mocino 560, received

from Madrid, that agrees perfectly with Puebla collections. This

specimen bears the collectors' name Hedyotis spinescens, and is

evidently part of the type.

Bouvardia nubigena Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Frutex

metralis ramosus omnino glaber, ramis sordide ochraceis subteretibus

rimosis; vagina stipularis brevis longicuspidata et interdum paucia-

ristata; folia opposita petiolata in sicco crassiuscula et subrigida,

petiolo 4-8 mm. longo; lamina ovata usque late ovata vel interdum

subrhombeo-ovata, 3-5 cm. longa 1.5-3 cm. lata, acuminata vel

longiacuminata, basi obtusa usque rotundata, saepe abrupte con-

tracta et decurrens, supra vix lucida, costa nervisque impressis, sub- '

tus paullo pallidior, costa prominente, nervis lateralibus utroque |

latere saepius 4 arcuatis angulo angusto adscendentibus, venis obso-

letis; flores ad apicem rami umbellati et 3-4 vel in cymas parvas j

paucifloras dispositi, pedicellis usque 1 cm. longis sed vulgo breviori-

bus; hypanthium obovoideum 3 mm. longum basi obtusum vel I

acutiusculum ; sepala anguste linearia viridia in anthesi 6-7 mm.

longa, in statu fructifero usque 10 mm. longa, ad margines remote j

scaberula; corolla coccinea glabra, tubo gracili 2 cm. longo 2 mm.

lato, superne paullo dilatato et ad 3 mm. lato, lobis ovato-oblongis sub-

erectis 4 mm. longis obtusis; capsula subdidymo-globosa ca. 8 mm. J

lata et 6 mm. alta, basi late rotundata. — Guatemala: Dept. Jutiapa,

lower edge of cloud forest on Volcan de Suchitan, northwest of Asun-

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS — II 383

ion Mita, alt. 2,050 meters, November 18, 1939, Julian A. Steyermark

S1901 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).

Shrubby, 4 feet tall; flowers scarlet; leaves dull green above, pale

Beneath. The nearest relative of this species is Bouvardia laevis

vlart. & Gal., of southern Mexico. The Guatemalan plant has much

)roader, thicker leaves, and a relatively compact inflorescence.

Bouvardia Steyermarkii Standl., sp. nov.— Suffrutex 30 cm.

kltus vel ultra omnino glaber sparse ramosus, ramis gracilibus sed

•igidis subteretibus pallidis, internodiis foliis brevioribus vel rare

ongioribus; stipulae triangulari-subulatae 1.5-2 mm. longae; folia

brevissime petiolata subcoriacea patentia vel adscendentia, petiolo

irassiusculo vix ultra 3 mm. longo; lamina lanceolato-linearis 3-4.5

jm. longa 3-5 mm. lata apicem fere subulatum versus longe angus-

;eque attenuata, basi acuta vel acuminata, supra sublucida, costa

mpressa, nervis occultis, subtus pallidior, costa tenera prominula,

nervis obsoletis, margine revoluto; flores albi fragrantes in cymas

terminales foliatas densas paucifloras dispositi, pedicellis rigidis ple-

rumque 7-10 mm. longis; hypanthium obovoideum 2 mm. longum

basi obtusum; sepala foliacea lanceolata vel lineari-lanceolata ad

^.nthesin ca. 7 mm. longa sed in statu fructifero usque 15 mm. longa,

longiattenuata viridia basi angustata; corolla extus glabra, tubo

gracillimo ca. 33 mm. longo et 1.2 mm. lato sursum vix dilatato et

fauce 2 mm. tantum lato, lobis patentibus ovato-oblongis ca. 8 mm.

longis et 4 mm. latis acutiusculis intus glabris; capsula subdidymo-

globosa ca. 6 mm. longa et aequilata basi rotundata. — Guatemala:

Dept. Zacapa, forested slopes, Sierra de las Minas, near summit of

mountain, between Rio Hondo and Finca Alejandria, alt. 1,700-2,000

meters, October 11, 1939, Julian A. Steyermark 29671 (type in Herb.

Field Mus.). Dept. Jalapa, top of ridge near Minas de Croma,

northeast of Jalapa, alt. 1,500-1,700 meters, December 12, 1939,

Julian A. Steyermark 33110 (sterile, but probably to be referred here).

In the key to species of Bouvardia in North American Flora (32 :

100. 1921), the plant runs at once to B. erecta (DC.) Standl., of

Mexico. That differs conspicuously in general appearance from B.

Steyermarkii because of its numerous short, stout, divaricate branches

that tend to become spinose, and on account of its much smaller

leaves. The sepals of the Mexican species are much smaller.

Chiococca oaxacana Standl., sp. nov. — Kami graciles teretes

ochracei vel pallide brunnescentes, novellis viridibus dense puberulis,

internodiis brevibus vel elongatis; stipulae virides persistentes alte

384 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. 22

connatae ca. 3 mm. longae, vagina lata et fere truncata abrupte in

cuspidem aequilongum contracta; folia inter minora petiolata sub-

coriacea, petiolo gracili 6-13 mm. longo puberulo; lamina lanceolato-

oblonga 5-6.5 cm. longa 1.5-2 cm. lata apicem obtusiusculum versus

paullo angustata, basin attenuatam versus sensim angustata, supra

viridis lucida glabra, costa nervisque baud elevatis, subtus pallidior

densiuscule patulo-hirtella, costa gracili prominente, nervis laterali-

bus utroque latere 4-5 vix prominulis obliquis, venis obsoletis; flores

racemosi, racemis simplicibus vel ramosis axillaribus singulis foliis

fere aequilongis longipedunculatis, pedunculo usque 3 cm. longo,

ramis pedicellisque dense breviter pilosulis, pedicellis usque 3 mm.

longis, racemis paucifloris, bracteis minutis late ovatis; hypanthium

ovale fere 2 mm. longum dense hirtellum, calyce 1 mm. longo breviter

dentato, dentibus late ovato-deltoideis obtusis erectisglabratis; fruc-

tus immaturus 4 mm. longus suborbicularis paullo compressus sparse

hirtellus. — Mexico: Cerro San Antonio, State of Oaxaca, alt. 1,650

meters, June 26, 1906, C. Conzatti 1418 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).

Principally because it was assumed that all Mexican Chiococcas

with pubescent foliage belonged to a single species, this collection

has been referred by the writer to C. pubescens Standl. That species,

however, differs in having relatively much broader, ovate or broadly

ovate leaves, very obtuse to broadly rounded at the base, and more

or less hirtellous on the upper surface. Its inflorescences, too, are

smaller, mostly simple, and few-flowered.

In North American Flora (32: 286. 1934) the range of C. pubescens

is given as "Tamaulipas, Puebla, and Oaxaca." The last state

probably should be excluded from the range, since the reference per-

tains presumably to C. oaxacana. At the present time only the

following collections of C. pubescens are at hand: Mexico: San Luis

Tultitlanapa, Puebla, Pur pus 3334, type collection. Victoria,

Tamaulipas, alt. 320 meters, Palmer 136. El Milagro, Sierra de

San Carlos, Tamaulipas, Bartlett 11178.

Deppea inaequalis Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Frutex 1-1.5

m. altus ramosus, ramis gracilibus teretibus, vetustioribus ochraceis,

novellis viridescentibus, omnibus in sicco roseo tinctis, novellis

minutissime puberulis, internodiis brevibus vel interdum elongatis;

stipulae minutae deciduae late triangulares vix ultra 0.5 mm. longae;

folia opposita modica petiolata tenuiter membranacea inaequalia,

petiolo gracili usque 12 mm. longo sed saepe fere nullo minutissime

puberulo; lamina ovato-lanceolata usque anguste lanceolata vel

elliptico-lanceolata vulgo 5-12 cm. longa et 2-4 cm. lata longiacu-

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS — II 385

linata, acumine sensim angustato interdum subfalcato, basin versus

aepius subabrupte contracta et longe angusteque interdum fere ad

asin petioli attenuata, supra viridis sparse pilis brevibus laxis con-

persa, costa nervisque non elevatis, subtus paullo pallidior sparse

linute puberula vel glabra, costa tenera vix elevata, nervis lateralibus

itroque latere ca. 7 arcuatis angulo lato adscendentibus marginem

bre attingentibus; flores parvi cymosi, cymis laxe paucifloris ut

ridetur interdum recurvis reductis et fere umbelliformibus, pedun-

uilis gracillimis usque 5 cm. longis sed saepius 1-2 cm. longis, pedi-

jiellis gracillimis minute sparseque puberulis usque 8 mm. longis,

Dracteis minutis; hypanthium late obovoideum ca. 1 mm. longum

;}asi acutiusculum sparse et fere microscopice puberulum vel fere

jlabrum; sepala viridia maxime inaequalia, unum vulgo multo minus

!fet 1.5-2 mm. tantum longum, alia 3 ca. 4-7 mm. longa linearia usque

anceolata fere glabra; corolla in alabastro acuta extus sparse minute

puberula, expansa ca. 4 mm. longa, tubo brevissimo, lobis oblongo-

pvatis intus glabris; antherae oblongae acutiusculae ca. 2.3 mm.

longae subexsertae; capsula immatura ovalis ca. 3 mm. longa costata

feparse minute puberula vel fere glabra.— Guatemala: Dept. San

Marcos: Above Finca El Porvenir, along Rio Cabus to within two

miles of Cueva de las Palomas, south-facing slopes of Volcan de

Tajumulco, alt. 1,300-1,500 meters, March 16, 1940, Julian A. Steyer-

mark 37974 (type in Herb. Field Mus.). Also No. 37947 from the

same locality.

Leaves membranaceous, olive-green above, pale green beneath;

corolla white; calyx pale green; growing on the dry, lower slopes.

The acute (in bud) corolla indicates that the plant is related to

Deppea cornifolia Benth., but in that the calyx lobes are minute,

triangular, and shorter than the hypanthium.

Gonzalagunia exaltata Standl., sp. nov. — Arbor 18-metralis,

trunco 30 cm. diam., ramis teretibus brunnescentibus glabratis,

novellis sparse adpresso-pilosis, internodiis abbreviatis; stipulae

persistentes e basi ovata longe setaceo-attenuatae usque 1.5 cm.

longae strigosae, glabrescentes; folia modica vel majuscula breviter

petiolata membranacea, petiolo 6-20 mm. longo, interdum fere ad

basin marginato, pilis longis adpresso-piloso; lamina oblanceolato-

oblonga 11-21 cm. longa 3.5-6 cm. lata abrupte longe angusteque

caudato-acuminata, acumine interdum subfalcato, basin versus longe

sensimque attenuata et ad petiolum decurrens, supra in sicco viridis

primo laxe adpresso-pilosa sed cito glabrescens et glaberrima, costa

nervisque non elevatis, subtus paullo pallidior sparse pilis longis

386 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 22

laxis pallidis adpressis pilosa, in statu adulto glabrata, costa tenera

prominente, nervis lateralibus utroque latere ca. 15 subarcuatis

tenerrimis obliquis marginem fere attingentibus, venis obscuris sub- .

impressis; paniculae terminales sessiles vel breviter pedunculatae

thyrsiformes et angustissimae 14-16 cm. longae et 2.5 cm. latae i

dense multiflorae, rhachi crassa dense longipilosa, floribus sessilibus

in cymulas parvas sessiles vel brevissime pedunculatas plurifloras

vel multifloras aggregatis, bracteis linearibus vel lineari-lanceolatis

viridescentibus parvis inconspicuis; hypanthium globosum virides- ;

cens vix ad 1 mm. longum sparse pilosulum vel glabratum; calyx 4-

lobus vix ultra 1 mm. longus pallide viridis, lobis ovatis acuminatis

fere glabris; corolla alba extus fere glabra et tantum basi loborum i

sparse pilis albis gracillimis pilosula, tubo gracili ca. 6 mm. longo

sursum vix dilatato, lobis 4 subrotundatis intus glabris; antherae

inclusae; ovarium 4-loculare. — Costa Rica: Beside river, basin of El

General, Prov. San Jose", alt. 675-900 meters, March, 1940, Alexander •

F. Skutch 4747 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).

So far as I know, no other species of the genus has been reported

as attaining such a height as the present tree. The species is charac-

terized by the combination of almost glabrous, very long-attenuate

leaves and small, nearly glabrous corollas.

Paederia ciliata (Bartl.) Standl., comb. nov.—Lygodysodea

ciliata Bartl. in DC. Prodr. 4: 470. 1830. Rondektia volubilis Sess£

& Moc. loc. cit. in syn. L. mexicana DC. loc. cit. in syn. Rondeletia

volubilis Sess4 & Moc. PI. Nov. Hisp. 36. 1887. Paederia Pringlei

Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 39: 92. 1903. — In Trees and Shrubs of

Mexico (Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 23: 1392. 1926), Paederia Pringlei

was reported only from the Mexican states of Guerrero and Morelos.

Recent collections show that it has a somewhat wider range: Mexico:

State of Mexico: Chorrera, Distr. Temascaltepec, alt. 1,230 meters,

G. B. Hinton 1195, 8078, 7234. Salitre, Distr. Temascaltepec, alt.

910 meters, a vine on cliffs, Hinton 4738. — Without locality, Sesse &

Mocino 1393. The Sess£ and Mocino collection is the type of Ron-

deletia volubilis.

Psychotria tnima Standl., sp. nov. — Frutex 4-metralis, ramis

gracilibus viridibus subteretibus glabris; stipulae virides persistentes

erectae et adpressae 5-6 mm. longae profunde bifidae, segmentis

semiovatis obtusis; folia magna breviter petiolata firme membrana-

cea, petiolo gracili 1.8-3.5 cm. longo glabro; lamina late elliptica

usque oblongo-elliptica 15-25 cm. longa 8-14.5 cm. lata abrupte vel

subabrupte acutata, apice ipso subacuto, basi obtusa vel cuneata,

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS— II 387

.•ope vel paullo supra medium latissima, glabra, supra in sicco

[tense viridis, costa basin versus impressa, nervis venisque non

levatis, subtus paullo pallidior, costa tenera prominente, nervis

Lteralibus utroque latere ca. 11 solemniter arcuatis tenerrimis angulo

acto vel fere recto abeuntibus prominentibus prope marginem junc-

is venis prominulis tenerrimis laxe reticulatis; inflorescentia termi-

laiis paniculata magna 12 cm. longe pedunculata ca. 23 cm. longa

It basi 15 cm. lata subpyramidalis laxissime multiflora, ramis abrupte

ieflexis gracilibus minute hirtellis omnibus basi bracteatis, bracteis

nfimis 7-8 mm. longis lineari-lanceolatis viridibus persistentibus,

ioribus sessilibus in cymulas parvas paucifloras dispositis, bracteis

tymularum minutis; hypanthium vix ad 1 mm. longum minute pube-

Hilum, calyce vix 0.3 mm. alto minute denticulate; corolla extus

tninute puberula vel hirtella in alabastro obtusa infundibuliformis

j>-7 mm. longa, tubo basi crassiusculo infra medium abrupte in

i'aucem urceolatum dilatato, ore aliquanto angustato, lobis vix ultra

| mm. longis late deltoideis subobtusis erectis; antherae inclusae.—

Dosta Rica: In forest, vicinity of Pejivalle, Prov. Cartago, alt. 600-

350 meters, January, 1940, Alexander F. Skutch 4589 (type in Herb.

Field Mus.); flowers pale yellow; fruit blue (no fruits are present

tvith the type specimen).

In general appearance Psychotria mima is strikingly like P. soli-

tudinum Standl., collected by Dr. Skutch at El General, Costa Rica.

[in that species, however, the branches of the panicle are not deflexed,

and the corolla in bud is conspicuously 5-tuberculate at the apex; in

P. mima there is no indication of any such tubercles.

Psychotria Steyermarkii Standl., sp. nov. — Frutex 0.5-1.5 m.

altus ramosus, ramis gracilibus teretibus ochraceis, novellis dense

pilis patulis pallidis pilosis, internodiis brevibus; stipulae fere liberae

8-9 mm. longae erectae subpersistentes fere ad basin bilobae, lobis

linearibus vel fere subulatis attenuatis, basi puberulae; folia modica

vel subparva petiolata membranacea, petiolo vulgo 1-2 cm. longo sed

Imterdum multo breviore minute patulo-piloso ; lamina anguste

oblongo-lanceolata usque fere lineari-oblonga 5-14 cm. longa 1.5-2.5

cm. lata longe angusteque attenuato-acuminata, basin acutam vel

acuminatam versus longe attenuata, supra in sicco viridis tantum

I ad costam densiuscule pilosa, costa nervisque prominulis, subtus

pallidior ad costam nervosque breviter sordido-pilosula vel puberula,

! costa tenera prominente, nervis lateralibus utroque latere ca. 23,

nervo altero tenuiore inter quamque parem saliente, tenerrimis promi-

nulis angulo fere recto divergentibus juxta marginem junctis, venis

388 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. 22

paucis prominulis laxe reticulatis; inflorescentia terminalis sed in-

terdum pseudolateralis ut videtur interdum recurva usque 3.5 cm.

longe pedunculata cymosa e basi trichotoma, ca. 3 cm. longa et

aequilata, ramis omnibus basi bracteatis glabris vel glabratis, basali-

bus suberectis rectis, floribus subcapitatim in capitula pauca saepe

tantum 3 aggregates sessilibus vel breviter pedicellatis, bracteis

infimis foliaceis lineari-lanceolatis ca. 1 cm. longis acuminato-

attenuatis, superioribus ca. 7-8 mm. longis elliptico-oblongis acutis

concavis et subadpressis glabris vel glabratis; calyx ad apicem fructus

persistens 1.5-2 mm. longus ad medium vel profundius dentatus,

dentibus erectis ovatis acutis glabris; fructus subglobosus 4 mm.

longus glaber, pyrenis dorso grosse obtuseque costatis. — Guatemala:

Dept. Quezaltenango: On ridge, lower, south-facing slopes of Volcan

de Santa Maria, between Santa Maria de Jesus and Calahuache",

along great barranco between Finca Pireneos and San Juan Patzulin,

alt. 1,300-1,500 meters, January 6, 1940, Julian A. Steyermark 33700

(type in Herb. Field Mus.) ; a small, suffrutescent shrub of 60-90 cm.;

leaves thin, dark, dull green above, pale gray-green beneath. Moist

banks, along Quebrada San Geronimo, Finca Pireneos, alt. 1,300-

2,000 meters, January 1-2, 1940, Steyermark 33461; a shrub of 1.5

meters; fruit oblong-ovoid, ultramarine blue-purple.

The species is a somewhat isolated one, not closely related to any

other of Guatemala, or to any Mexican one.

Rondeletia niexicana (Turcz.) Standl., comb. nov. Siphon-

andra mexicana Turcz. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 21, pt. 1: 581. 1848.

Rondeletia oaxacana Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 11: 255. 1936. — Both

the names cited are based upon the same collection, Galeotti 2664 bis,

from Oaxaca, Mexico, at 900 meters. Bentham and Hooker, like all

other authors, apparently, reduced Siphonandra to the synonymy

of Chiococca, a quite different genus. Who first made the reduction,

I do not know, but it is repeated, of course, by the writer in North

American Flora (32: 289. 1934). The original description of Siphon-

andra is certainly misleading in many respects, so much so that one

wonders whether it really could have been based upon the Galeotti

collection, which is represented in the Herbarium of Field Museum

by a photograph of a specimen in the Delessert Herbarium, and by a

fragment of the type of Rondeletia oaxacana, from the Paris Herbar-

ium. The description of the corolla and calyx of Siphonandra as

sericeous would exclude the plant definitely from the genus Chiococca,

and the description of other parts of the plant agrees no better with

a Chiococca than a Rondeletia. Since there is no reason for supposing

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS — II 389

ihat Galeotti distributed more than one species under the number

>ited, it may safely be assumed that Turczinanow was describing the

ame plant that I named Rondeletia oaxacana, but described it most

naccurately.

Rudgea simiarum Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Arbor 6-

netralis omnino glabra, ramulis crassiusculis subteretibus ochraceis,

lovellis pallide viridibus, internodiis brevibus; stipulae persistentes

n vaginam truncatam obscure mucronatam 2.5-3 mm. altam con-

iiatae, vagina intus dense hirsuta, pilis breviter exsertis; folia modica

breviter petiolata subcoriacea, petiolo gracili vel crassiusculo 8-15

mm. longo; lamina lanceolato-oblonga usque elliptico-oblonga vulgo

prope medium latissima 7-16 cm. longa 2.5-7 cm. lata subabrupte

^ongiacuminata, acumine anguste attenuate, basi acuta vel saepius

subabrupte aliquanto contracta et longe decurrens, supra in sicco

fusco-brunnescens lucida, costa nervisque prominentibus, venis vix

prominulis laxe reticulatis, subtus pallidior, costa tenera prominente,

pervis lateralibus utroque latere ca. 8 arcuatis tenerrimis prominulis

langulo semirecto vel paullo latiore adscendentibus juxta marginem

junctis, venis prominulis laxe reticulatis; inflorescentia terminalis

jcymoso-corymbiformis dense pauciflora 2-3.5 cm. longe pedunculata,

icorollis exclusis 2-2.5 cm. lata, basi 3- vel pluriradiata, ramis brevibus

crassis rectis vel curvis basi nudis sed alte supra basin minute brac-

teatis, floribus sessilibus vel breviter pedicellatis, pedicellis crassis-

simis apice articulatis; hypanthium late columnare vix 1 mm. altum

et aequilatum vel latius, calyce fere marginiformi 0.5 mm. alto

truncate remote minutissime denticulate; corolla alba in alabastro

apice obtusa et exappendiculata, tubo 10-11 mm. longo sursum sen-

sim paullo dilatato fauce 3-3.5 mm. late, lobis ca. 8 mm. longis lin-

eari-lanceolatis apicem subobtusum versus sensim attenuatis intus

glabris patentibus vel recurvis; antherae fere toto exsertae lineares

3 mm. longae. — Guatemala: Dept. Izabal: Between Virginia and

Lago de Izabal, Montana del Mico, alt. 50-500 meters, April 5, 1940,

Julian A. Steyermark 38839 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).

Fresh leaves subcoriaceous, dull, dark green above, dull green

beneath; peduncles light green; flowers white. Although the generic

position of the plant as here treated is not altogether satisfactory,

the species seems more properly referable to Rudgea than to any

other related group. The stipules do not have the indurate or fleshy

appendages that characterize the genus Rudgea, but it may be

assumed that the dense hairs on the inner surface of the stipule sheath

are modifications of them. Otherwise the plant must be treated as a

390 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 22

species of Psychotria, with none of whose Central American repre-

sentatives does it seem closely related.

LOBELIACEAE

Lobelia aguana Wimmer, Repert. Sp. Nov. 38: 86. 1935.—

The type, in the Herbarium of Field Museum, was collected on

Volcan de Agua, Guatemala, at 3,150 meters, Kellerman 7502. The

plant is much like Lobelia laxiflora HBK., but with more abundant

and much larger, more brilliantly colored flowers. It is, in fact, one

of the handsomest and showiest of all Central American Lobeliaceae,

which is saying a great deal. The following recent collections show

that the species ranges rather widely: Mexico: Volcan de Tacana,

western slopes, alt. 2,800 meters, Matuda 2893. — Guatemala: Dept.

San Marcos: Volcan de Tajumulco, alt. 3,000 meters, in 1934, K. P.

Schmidt. — Dept. Quezaltenango: Pine-Abies forest, Volcan de Zunil,

alt. 2,500-3,800 meters, Steyermark 34738; corolla bright red with

yellow at the base; leaves firmly membranaceous, dull green above,

pale green beneath; calyx grass-green, with purplish on one side.

Moist, dense forest, mountains southeast of Palestina, alt. 2,700

meters, Standley 66323; a simple herb 1-1.5 meters high; corolla

yellowish red. — Dept. Sacatepe*quez: In damp, mixed or pine forest,

slopes of Volcan de Agua above Santa Maria de Jesus, alt. 2,250-

3,000 meters, Standley 65234, 65091; a simple herb 1-2 meters high,

common at higher elevations; corolla bright red and yellow. — Dept.

San Marcos: Along road between San Sebastian at km. 21 and

km. 8, 8-18 miles northwest of San Marcos, alt. 2,700-3,800 meters,

Steyermark 35639; an herb 1.5 meters tall; leaves dull green; corolla

crimson-red in the upper half, pale orange in the lower lip.

COMPOSITAE

Aphanactis Standleyi Steyermark, sp. nov. — Herba annua

caespitosa acaulis, 2-4 mm. alta; internodiis nullis; foliis oppositis

sessilibus decussatis congestis rosulato-caespitosis 3-5-nerviis cras-

siusculis, 9-16 mm. longis, 7-16 mm. latis, infimis supremisque mini-

mis, late ovatis vel elliptico-subrotundatis, supra ubique parce

villosis et viridibus, integris, subtus fere glabris et subalbidis, hori-

zontale patentibus, planis; capitulis in anthesi et in fructu sessilibus

4-5 terminalibus congestis, 3.5^1 mm. altis, 2.5-3 mm. latis, in

medio foliorum insertis, pedunculis nullis; phyllariis principalibus

(alio extus fulcratis) 6, biseriatis, subaequalibus erectis membrana-

ceis, plus minusve 5-nerviis, ovatis vel late oblanceolatis, acutis, 3-4

1

FIG. 3. Aphanadis Standleyi Steyermark. Habit drawing (X 2). 1, Ray

floret (X 22); 2, Style branches (X 25); 3, Pales in a series from left to right

showing the ones towards the center of the heads at left gradually enlarging to

those near the outer portion of the heads at right (X 8); 4, A single stamen

detached (X 22); 5, A single head with only involucral bracts shown (X 4); 6,

Mature schene from disk floret (X 23); 7, Disk floret (X 22).

391

392 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. 22

mm. longis, 1-1.5 mm. latis, glabris vel extimis ad margines minute

ciliatis, marginibus scariosis; phyllario alio extus dorso dense villoso

late ovato acuto vel obtusiusculo; receptaculo conico; paleis recep-

taculi diversis paullo asymmetricis tenuibus 1.8-2.5 mm. longis,

0.2-0.8 mm. latis, intimis brevissimis aristiformibus vel elliptico-

lanceolatis, extimis lanceolatis vel oblanceolatis acuminatis vel

aristatis, intimis parce serratis vel dense ciliatis, extimis ciliatis velj

uno latere magis ciliatis, 1-nerviis; corollis femineis radii ca. 5 luteolo- 1

viridibus glabris, quam involucre brevioribus vel vix aequilongis, j

1.5 mm. longis (tubo 0.5 mm. longo basi paullo ampliato, lamina!

erecta cuneata 2-dentata 1 mm. longa, 0.5 mm. lata); corollis herma- i

phroditis disci ca. 8-10 luteolo-viridibus, 1.5 mm. longis (tubo basi

ampliato villoso, 0.5 mm. longo, pilis rectis simplicibus, fauce 0.7 mm.

longo glabro, lobis 5 ovatis 0.3 mm. longis); antheris basi acuminatis;

achaeniis radii et disci similibus 1-1.3 mm. longis, obesis biconvexis

subobcompressis obscure plus minusve 4-5-angulatis glabris fuscis

epapposis obovoideis vel turbinato-oblanceolatis, apice truncatis,

glabris, minute multistriatulis. — Guatemala: Dept. Chimaltenango:

In open meadow, leaves flat on the ground, flowers yellowish green,

Cerro de Tecpam, region of Santa Elena, alt. 2,700 meters, December

4, 1938, Paul C. Standley 58674 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).

One of the most unusual plants ever found in Central American

collections is this new species of Aphanactis. Until this collection

was at hand from Guatemala, the genus was known only from the

subalpine Andean regions of Ecuador and Peru, the original species,

A. Jamesoniana, being described by Weddell from the Andes of

Ecuador, while the second species, A. villosa, was described by Blake

(Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 16: 216. 1926) from subalpine slopes at

Chasqui, Peru.

Aphanactis Standleyi is a remarkably distinct species in the genus.

It differs from the other known species in its annual root, leaves

crowded so closely as to appear rosulate, internodes, therefore not

present, the many sessile heads set compactly upon the leafy mass,

2-toothed rays, and much broader leaves. The plant appears to

grow flat upon the ground, so minute is it, and since the heads remain

sessile even in fruit, the whole plant is no more than 4 mm. tall at

the most. In A. villosa and A. Jamesoniana the tube of the ray

flowers is villous, while in A. Standleyi it is glabrous; in addition, the

disk flowers in A. Standleyi are villous only at the ampliate base,

while in the other two species both the tube and limb of the corolla

are villous. Its annual habit, 2-toothed rays, glabrous tube of the

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS — II 393

ay flowers, corolla of the disk flowers pubescent only at the base

f the tube, and terminal, multicephalous inflorescence, make A.

"tandleyi stand apart so far from the other species of the genus as to

uggest subgeneric rank for it. However, further collections of

dditional species may reveal that there are no clear subgeneric lines,

'he combination of epappose achenes, narrow pales, fertile, very

ninute ray flowers, dwarf, cespitose habit, opposite, 3-nerved leaves,

apering-based achenes, and subbiseriate involucre of A. Standleyi

lace it congenerically with Aphanactis.

Archibaccharis androgyna (Brandeg.) Blake, Contr. U. S.

Jat. Herb. 23: 1509. 1926. Baccharis androgyna Brandeg. Univ.

"alif. Publ. Bot. 6: 77. 1914.— The type is Purpus 6666 from Cerro

el Boqueron, Chiapas, Mexico. A typical collection of the species

s at hand from Guatemala: Dept. San Marcos: Small, open barranco

ordering meadow, along Quebrada Canjula, between Sibinal and

Canjula, Volcan de Tacana, alt. 2,200-2,500 meters, Steyermark

5976; a shrub 1-1.5 meters tall.

Archibaccharis Standleyi Blake, var. aequivenia Blake,

Jrittonia 2: 340. 1937. — The species was described from the region

f Siguatepeque, Dept. Comayagua, Honduras, the variety from

''inca Moca, Dept. Suchitepe'quez, Guatemala, at 900 meters,

"kutch 2056. Another collection of the variety has been made in

Guatemala: Dept. Quezaltenango: High barranco along Rio Samala,

etween Santa Maria de Jesus and Calahuache', alt. 1,200-1,300

neters, Steyermark 33893; stems ascending; flowers white; leaves

bin, dull green above, pale, dull green beneath.

Neurolaena macrophylla Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 39: 118.

903. — The type of this well marked species was collected at Chi-

harras, Chiapas, Mexico, and in North American Flora (34: 307.

927) Rydberg reports it only from that Mexican state. The plant,

iowever, extends into western Guatemala: Dept. Suchitepe'quez:

inca Moca, alt. 900 meters, in woods, Skutch 2055; a shrub or small

tree, to 7.5 meters in height; heads yellow. — Dept. Quezaltenango:

Damp thicket, Finca Pireneos, below Santa Maria de Jesus, alt.

1,350 meters, Standley 68437; a coarse herb 2 meters high; heads

greenish yellow. Finca Pireneos, Steyermark 33224; a shrub 2.5

meters tall; flowers yellow; bracts pale green; leaves dark green.—

Dept. San Marcos: At middle elevations in forest, above Finca El

Porvenir, Volcan de Tajumulco, alt. 1,300-1,500 meters, Steyermark

37239; local name Arnica; a shrub of 2.5-3 meters; leaves thin, grass-

green on both sides.

394 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. 22

Senecio boquetensis Standl., sp. nov. — Herba ut videtur erecta

30-90 cm. alta inferne ut videtur simplex, superne scapis 1-3 ter-

minata, caule crassiusculo tereti tomento laxo albo dense obtecto,

inferne dense foliato, internodiis brevibus; folia numerosa majuscula

alterna ambitu lanceolata vel oblongo-lanceolata plerumque 16-21

cm. longa et 4-5 cm. lata longiacuminata, basin versus longiattenuata

et ad basin petioli decurrentia, ima basi petioli late dilatata et caulem

omnino amplectantia, lamina interdum in toto margine irregulariter

sinuato-dentata, dentibus latis mucronatis, interdum basin versus

pinnatim lyrato-lobata, lobis inaequalibus basin versus sensim decres-

centibus late triangularibus plus minusve mucronato-dentatis; lam-

ina supra intense viridis, in statu adulto glabra, in juventute laxe

floccoso-tomentosa, basibus pilorum interdum persistentibus et

tuberculiformibus, subtus incana ubique tomento subadpresso sed

laxo dense obtecta; folia suprema valde reducta et bracteiformia,

linearia vel lanceolata 2-4 cm. tantum longa dentata vel pinnatifida;

pedunculi valde elongati fere glabri, capitulis paucis vel numerosis

dense cymoso-aggregatis; capitula breviter vel longiuscule pedicel-

lata ca. 12 mm. alta et 10 mm. lata aurantiaca, pedicellis fere glabris,

basi bracteis numerosis linearibus inaequalibus suberectis fere gla-

bris involucrum aequantibus vel duplo brevioribus fulcrata; phyllaria

ca. 12 et 7-8 mm. longa subadpressa et aequalia glabra acuta, obscure

trinervia; radii late lineares 5-6 mm. longi patentes; corolla glabra

tenuis 8 mm. longa, lobis oblongis 1.5 mm. longis; achaenia juvenilia

glabra, pappi setis albis 5 mm. longis. — Panama: Between Cerro

Vaca and Hato del Loro, eastern Chiriqui, alt. 850-1,100 meters,

December, 1911, H. Pittier 5382 (type in Herb. Field Mus.). Open

areas, Bajo Mono, Boquete District, Prov. Chiriqui, alt. 1,350

meters, February 2, 1940, M. E. Terry 1299.

The species appears to be an isolated one, altogether different

in appearance from any other known from Central America.

Vernonia acilepis Benth. ex Oerst. Vid. Medd. 1852: 68. 1852.—

The type was collected by Oersted on Volcan de Masaya, Nicaragua,

at 2,000 meters. Gleason in North American Flora (33: 60. 1922)

gives the country erroneously as Costa Rica. The species may now

be reported from Guatemala: Dept. Guatemala, near Fiscal, alt.

1,100 meters, dry, rocky thicket, December, 1938, Standley 59631.

Only one plant was found, but probably the species is plentiful

enough during the rainy season. The vegetation about Fiscal is so

parched by middle December that few green plants can be discovered,

except in particularly well protected spots.

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS — II 395

Vernonia Corae Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Frutex 1.5-4 m.

Itus; ramulis juvenilibus et superioribus griseo-fuscis dense tomen-

osis; foliis magnis ad apicem ramulorum numerosis; petiolis griseo-

ascis dense tomentosis 1.5-3 cm. longis; laminis oblongo-oblanceo-

itis vel anguste obovatis, 12-25 cm. longis, 3.5-9 cm. prope vel

upra medium latis, apice sensim acuminatis, basin versus sensim

ttenuatis, incurvo-serrulatis, dentibus utroque latere 5-25 tenuibus

ursum incurvis, 1.5-2 mm. longis, supra olivaceo-viridibus vel

allido-gramineo-viridibus sparse adpresso-pilosulis, nervis mediis et

iteralibus dense tomentellis, subtus pallido-viridibus, pilis densius

raesertim ad nervos medios et laterales indutis etiam glandulis ses-

libus globulosis resinosis conspersis, tenuiter membranaceis, nervis

iteralibus utroque latere 7-9; capitulis 1-4 maximis subcampanu-

itis subsolitariis, umbellatis, pedunculis 4-8.5 cm. longis dense

^riseo-fusco-tomentosis; floribus numerosis, ca. 125-150; capitulis ad

anthesin 2-2.3 cm. longis, 3.5-4 cm. latis; involucro 6-7-seriato

e;raduato, 2 cm. alto: phyllariis imbricatis, apicibus adscendentibus,

olivaceo-viridibus, marginibus scariosis et erosis vel fimbrillatis,

apicibus mucronatis, superne dense adpresso-scaberulis, exterioribus

ovato-rotundis, late ovatis vel oblongis, minute mucronatis, 8-10

mm. longis, 7-9 mm. latis, interioribus similibus, intimis angustiori-

bus minoribusque, oblongis vel late oblanceolatis, prominente mucro-

natis; floribus lilacinis, 15-17 mm. longis (tubis angustissimis 8-10

mm. longis, faucibus ampliatis infundibuliformibus 4-5 mm. longis

extus glandulosis, glandulis sessilibus resinosis, lobis linearibus plus

minusve 4.5 mm. longis, 0.5 mm. latis, extus glandulis sessilibus

resinosis conspersis et partibus supremis dense hispidulis) ; achaeniis

nigris glabris tetragonis truncatis, apicibus calloso-incrassatis; pappi

aristis setaceis pallidis 2.5-3 mm. longis, sursum serrulatis. — Guate-

mala: Dept. San Marcos: Moist, shaded slopes, between town of

Tajumulco and Tecutla (9 miles south and west of Tajumulco),

northwestern slopes of Volcan de Tajumulco, alt. 1,800-2,500 meters,

February 27, 1940, Julian A. Steyermark 36787 (type in Herb. Field

Mus.). Between Todos Santos and Finca El Porvenir, middle slopes

of Volcan de Tajumulco, alt. 1,300-3,000 meters, March 1, 1940,

Steyermark 36979. Along road above Barranco Eminencia, alt. 2,700

meters, March 14, 1939, Standley 68574.

This new species of Vernonia, named for Cora Shoop Steyermark,

wife of the junior author, because of her special interest in the genus,

is related to V. Salviniae Hemsl., with which it has been confused,

but it is amply distinct from that species. Vernonia Corae has lilac

flowers only 15-17 mm. long, while V. Salviniae has deep purple or

NOV 1 9 1940

OF ItllNOfS

396 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 22

darker flowers 24-28 mm. long. The pappus of V. Corae is only

2.5-3 mm. long, that of V. Salviniae 5-10 mm. long. The leaves in

V. Corae are pale or olive-green on the upper surface and thinly

membranaceous, while those of V. Salviniae are dull, dark green and

of a firmer texture. The teeth on the leaf margins of V. Salviniae

are short and straight, pointing upward and outward, but those of

V. Corae are longer, more slender, and conspicuously incurved. One

of the most distinctive characters is in the involucral bracts, those of

V. Corae being dull or olive-green, conspicuously scarious-margined,

the tips erect or ascending, and the outer surface densely appressed-

scaberulous; those of V. Salviniae are dark, rosy purple, firmer in

texture, conspicuously squarrose, and the outer surface is provided

with shorter, non-scaberulous pubescence. The pubescence of the

upper and lower leaf surfaces is quite different in the two species,

that of V. Salviniae being more dense and of longer hairs, with more

numerous sessile glands on the lower leaf surface.

Vernonia Salviniae was described and illustrated with an excellent

plate by Hemsley in Biologia Centr all- Americana 2: 73. pi. 41- 1881.

The colored plate shows the rosy purple, squarrose bracts of the

involucre and the deep purple flowers characteristic of the species.

The type, which was collected in Guatemala at "Las Nubes, Cerro

de Zunil, 4,350 feet, Salvin," is preserved in the Kew Herbarium,

and has not been seen by the authors, but the many collections which

have been made since from the type locality verify the authenticity

of the color of the flowers and bracts. This species is common

throughout the Occidente of Guatemala and is much commoner

than V. Corae, having a wide range. Vernonia Corae is confined to

the moist banks of barrancos and smaller streams of Volcan de

Tajumulco and Volcan de Tacana, while Vernonia Salviniae is a

very common shrub of the lower cloud forests all the way from Volcan

de Zunil and Volcan de Santa Maria to the Cerro del Boqueron in

the State of Chiapas, Mexico.

The following collections of Vernonia Salviniae have been seen

by the authors: Mexico: Chiapas: Cerro del Boqueron, August, 1913,

Purpus 6669. — Guatemala: Dept. Quezaltenango: Finca Pireneos,

below Santa Maria de Jesus, alt. 1,350-1,380 meters, March, 1939,

Standley 68325 (local name Arana), 68303. Volcan de Zunil, alt.

1,900 meters, August, 1934, Skutch 953. — Dept. San Marcos: Ba-

rranco Eminencia, above San Rafael Pie de la Cuesta, alt. 2,100-2,400

meters, March, 1939, Standley 68664. Between Canjula and La

Union Juarez, near southeast portion of Volcan de Tacana, alt.

2,000-3,000 meters, February, 1940, Steyermark 36417.