INHOUD VAN DEEL 104

ASSEM, J. VAN DEN. — Mosquitoes collected in the Hollandia area, Nether-

lands New Guinea

DIAKONOFF, A., see KALSHOVEN & DIAKONOFF.

KALSHOVEN, L. G. E. — Larva of Homodes mimicking the agressive Oeco-

phylla ant in Southeast Asia (with a coloured plate) .

KALSHOVEN, L. G. E. — A study of the twig borer, Xyleborus morigerus

Blandford, mainly based on observations in Java . i

KALSHOVEN, L. G. E. & A. DIAKONOFF. — Obituary, Professor Dr. Walter

Karl Johann Roepke 1882—1961 .

A list of papers by W. Roepke .

LEMPKE, B. J. — Catalogus der Nederlandse a Ga

supplement) . se ia UE

NIEUWENHUIS, E. J. see STRAATMAN & NIEUWENHUIS.

OBRAZTSOV, N. S. — Die Gattungen der Palaearktischen Tortricidae II.

Die Unterfamilie Olethreutinae. 4. Teil .

OBRAZTSOV, N. S. — Die Gattungen der Palaearktischen Tortricidae III.

Addenda und Korrigenda

RoEPKE +, W. K. J. — Een terugblik, afscheidsrede, uitgesproken in de

Landbouwhogeschool te Wageningen den 17 october 1953 .

SCHMID, F. — Trichoptères du Pakistan. 4me partie (fin) .

STRAATMAN, R. & E. T. NIEUWENHUIS. — Biology of certain Sumatran

species of Atrophaneura, Trogonoptera, and Troides (Lepidoptera,

Papilionidae) SAMI ESA ee TIMIDA ION

WILLEMSE, C. — Descriptions and records of tropical Orthoptera .

102371

VAI

187

. 241

DEEL 104 AFLEVERING 1 1961

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INHOUD :

C. WILLEMSE. Descriptions and records of tropical Orthoptera, pp. 1—16, t. 1—5.

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DESCRIPTIONS AND RECORDS OF TROPIC

ORTHOPTERA

C. WILLEMSE

TETTIGONOIDEA

TETTIGONIIDAE

PSEUDOPHYLLINAE

Bliastes salomonoides Br. v. Wattenwyl 1895

PINE fosse:

1895. Bliastes salomonoides Brunner v. Wattenwyl, Monogr. Pseudophyllidae, pp. 181,

184. — 1906. Kirby, Syn. Cat. Orth. II, p. 331.

This species was described by BRUNNER V. WATTENWYL after a single female

belonging to the Museum of Brussels, from the Isle of Martinique.

It has never been redescribed or figured or indicated in the literature, unless

by KirBy in his catalogue. I have a male and a female before me and it may be

usefull to redescribe and figure the species.

Body large and robust. Head globose; fastigium of vertex short, not reaching

beyond the elevated margin of antennal scroba, its margins narrowing anteriorly,

its form triangular, with the apex more or less pointed, its surface at the base

longitudinally sulcate, with the margins a little eievated and thickened, provided

with a short subobtuse tubercle, which does not reach beyond the very apex of

the fastigium; the very apex, lying just below this tubercle, only faintly, or not,

elevated and subobtuse, lying between the antennal scrobae. Frons flat, seen

in profile, subvertical or nearly so, its surface rugosely punctured, the upper part

with a narrow smooth impression on both sides, the lower part with distinct

irregular transverse ridges; frons separated from the cheek by a punctate, some-

what irregular carina lateralis externa, there is also an indication of a carina

lateralis interna, the area between these carinae almost smooth below the eye,

lower part with transverse ridges; the whole making the impression of the frons

as found in Salomona species; clypeus separated from the frons by a distinct

transverse groove, vertex and cheek itself smooth with only a few shallow

transverse impressions, very different from the sculpturation of the frons.

Pronotum short, its surface irregularly impresso-punctate, somewhat transver-

sely rugose, seen from above slightly subconstricted in the middle, anterior margin

subconvex, posterior margin more rounded-truncate, there are two transverse sulci,

separated from each other and from the anterior and posterior margins about the

same distance; the first sulcus most distinct on the disc of pronotum, the second

somewhat deeper and very distinct on the disc and on the lateral lobes; lateral

lobe about as broad as high, its lower margin and posterior margin of pronotum,

thickened.

TIJDSCHR. v. ENTOM., DEEL 104, AFL. 1, 1961.

2 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, VOL. 104, AFL. 1, 1961

Elytra and wings well-developed, reaching about the middle of hind femur;

elytron with the margins subparallel, slightly narrowing apically, apex rounded;

subcosta straight, reaching the apical margin, radius with the radial sector arising

a little behind the middle, reaching the apical margin, simple; there is a second

branch of the radius near the apex, radius itself and this second branch not or

indistinctly bifurcated, media straight, simple, reaching the posterior margin, in

the male somewhat irregular, at the top indistinctly bifurcated. Cubitus at the

base connected with the media. Speculum of male in both elytra hyalinous.

Wing subcycloid, subcosta and radius both simple, only narrowly separated,

media at the base connected with the cubitus; there are 8—9 anal veins (wing

in the present specimen somewhat damaged).

Femora thick, compressed laterally, relatively short, anterior femur smooth

from above, inner lower margin with a row of 3—4 spines, outer lower margin

smooth, inner knee lobe with a distinct spine, anterior tibia quadricarinate, in

the middle from above, seen in profile, somewhat arcuately dilated, upper keels

only crenulate, lower keels with 4—5 spines, between the upper keels sulcated;

foramina auditoria rimate, top of tibia only with spines from below. Median

femur of the same form as the anterior one, but lower outer margin with 2—4

spines, inner lower margin smooth, inner knee lobe with a short spine, outer

knee lobe rounded; median tibia seen in profile in the basal half slightly dilated,

from above subsulcated, only the lower margins with 3—4 spines. Hind femur

short and thick, not reaching beyond the abdomen, from above smooth, from

below on outer margin with a row of 7 spines, inner knee lobe with a short

spine, outer knee lobe obtuse. Hind tibia quadricarinate, from above sulcated,

outer upper keel without spines, the other keels more or less spined.

Prosternum bispinose; meso- and metasternal lobes obtuse, median sulci narrow.

Male. Penultimete tergite relatively large, posteriorly in the middle sulcate,

hind margin on both sides concavely rounded. Supraanal plate triangular, apex

obtuse, in the middle grooved. Cercus overreaching a little the supraanal plate,

at the top curved, with a small sharp tooth at the apex, curved inwards.

Subgenital plate much longer than broad, posterior margin triangularly incised,

disc in the middle on both sides in the apical half shallowly grooved, styli

distinct, slender.

Female. Penultimate tergite broader than long, in the middle longitudinally

sulcated. Supraanal plate triangular, apex broadly rounded, disc with a central

impression. Cerci short, conical, slightly curved, apex pointed. Ovipositor almost

straight, margins smooth. Subgenital plate small, rounded-triangular.

General coloration brown to yellowish brown. Frons blackish brown, area

‘infraocularia somewhat lighter coloured. Clypeus yellow with the base broadly

marginated with black. Labrum light yellowish brown, apex blackish. Mandibles

black. Palpi yellowish. Check and vertex brown to yellowish brown, vertex in

the male darker coloured. Pronotum of the general coloration, sulci blackish in

the male. Elytra of the general coloration, transverse veinlets in the anterior part

yellowish. Wing light brownish. Legs of the general coloration, insertion of

anterior tibia marginated with black, margins on the upper side of anterior tibia

and part of the margins of auditory foramina black, spines with black tips,

tarsi somewhat darker coloured. Mesosternum in the middle black. Sternum and

C. WILLEMSE : Descriptions and records of Orthoptera 3

abdomen of the general coloration. Ovipositor at the base yellowish brown, at

the apex blackish brown. (Figs. 1, 2.).

d 9 (o) ©

Length of body 41,5 mm 50 mm Length of ant. femur 10 mm 12 mm

SIR Pronotum oO, eme. Oan it LOU

ban errond STAAN: So M POSE Sy 24008

Width ,, x OB ICE, COVIPOSIFOE 20.78

Geographical distribution: Id. Martinique.

Holotype, 9g, Mus. Brussels, homotype, 9, Mus. Paris.

PHANEROPTERINAE

Oxyprorella gregoirea spec. nov. *)

19.2, 5 SNS Folly Zar TO)

Among the material, brought home by Dr. Ch. GREGOIRE from the Barro

Colorado Island in the Panama Canal, there was a member of the genus Oxypro-

rella; up till now this genus was unknown from Panama.

Four species of the present genus are known, the genotype, O. misera Br. v. W.

1878, from Peru, O. dives Giglio Tos 1898, from Ecuador, both described after a

single female, O. zebra and O. modesta Bruner 1915, described, respectively,

from E. Bolivia and Brasil, both after a single male. REHN (1950) refers in his

revision of the group Dysoniae to this genus, and also incorporates it in the key

to the genera of this group, but not having studied the genus he can only

rely on literature. A figure of the species of Oxyprorella has never been published

before and I therefore use the opportunity to figure the present new species.

The genus Oxyprorella can casily be recognized by the presence of a row

of spines in the middle of the abdomen from above; as far as I know, this

feature is an exception in the family Phaneropterinac.

Description of the female. Body slender. Head with the fastigium of vertex

protruding, but short, only reaching the middle of basal antennal joint; top of

the fastigium bluntly rounded and somewhat widened; from above on both sides

bluntly marginated, in the middle somewhat constricted, including between the

margins a narrow groove; seen in profile not protruding between the antennal

scrobae; head between the antennae just below the top, with a transverse incision,

from there smoothly passing into the frons; frons subconvex and almost smooth,

with only a few shallow transverse impressions, most distinct near the carina,

separating the frons from the cheek, besides there are a few impressed points;

cheek and vertex almost smooth; margins of antennal scrobae obtuse and

slightly thickened, on the right side bearing a small spine, which is not present

on the left side (accidentally ?). Antennae incomplete in the specimen before me,

not nodose.

Pronotum with the disc flat, not saddle-shaped; anterior margin slightly

rounded, posterior margin more broadly rounded, in its middle not incised;

*) The species is named in honour of my colleague Dr. Ch. GREGOIRE who collected

insects in Panama and other countries on behalf of his study of the blood of insects.

4 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, VOL. 104, AFL. 1, 1961

lateral keels on the disc very distinct, before the middle curved inwards, the

whole of it forming an hourglass-like figure; anterior and posterior margins

continuously connected with the lateral keels; lateral lobe perpendicularly inserted,

as high as its broadest diameter, the anterior margin nearly straight, lower margin

convexly rounded, posterior margin with a very distinct humeral sinus.

Elytra and wings well-developed, wings very probably overreaching the top of

elytron (wing is damaged in the specimen before me), both reaching far beyond

the top of abdomen. Elytra narrow, its greatest width about as long as half the

length of anterior femur, ratio of length and width about 3 to 25; anterior and

posterior margins nearly parallel; anterior margin at the base somewhat concave,

apical margin truncately rounded, posterior margin nearly straight. Costa short;

subcosta simple, reaching the top of elytron; radius parallel to the subcosta and

also reaching the top of elytron; there is a very narrow interspace between these

veins, which is somewhat wider near the top, sector of radius arising a little

before the middle, sector itself reaching the top margin, in its middle bifurcated,

its bifurcation reaching the hind margin; media and cubitus connected at the

base along a short distance, media bifurcated at about its middle, cubitus simple

and reaching the posterior margin at about its middle, not branched; analis short.

Wing (top broken in the specimen before me) with the subcosta simple,

parallel to the anterior margin and reaching the middle of the anterior margin

of wing; radius and media at the base connected along a short distance, radial

sector arising a little behind the middle, radius itself and its bifurcation both

bifurcated near the apex; media with a short stem and bifurcated into a Ma.

and Mp., Ma. near the radial sector connected by a short transverse vein,

percurrent, forming a convex bow and connected with the Mp. a little behind the

bifurcation of the radial sector; cubitus near the base running along the media

at a very short distance but not touching the media, simple and very probably

reaching the hind margin of wing; there are about 10—11 anal veins.

Anterior femur from above without spines, from below sulcated, both lower

margins near the apex with a few spines, or somewhat crenulate, both knee

lobes subacute, inner knee lobe a little longer than the outer one. Anterior tibia

sulcated from above, on both sides with a few spines, from below also sulcated,

with a row of spines on the inner and only a few spines on the outer margin.

Auditory foramina wide open, tarsus relatively short, first joint a little broader

than second, third joint bilobate. Median leg of the same structure as the

anterior leg, knee lobes of the same length but more acute, median tibia at the

base slightly inflated. Posterior leg relatively long, femur at the base incrassate,

from below shallowly sulcated, with the outer margin with 8 small spines, inner

margin with only a few small spines in the middle, both knee lobes of the same

length, long and broad and distinctly surpassing the top of femur. Hind tibia

sulcated from above, both margins with rows of distinct spines, from below

sulcated, both margins with rows of spines, but the spines shorter than those

from above; apical spines from above relatively long, lower apical spines shorter.

(Hind tarsus broken in the specimen before me).

The middle of hind margin of abdominal tergits with a small sharp and

distinct spine, except on the first and the last tergites. Posterior margin of last

tergite undulated. Supraanal plate narrow, triangular. Cercus reaching a little

C. WILLEMSE : Descriptions and records of Orthoptera 5

behind the supraanal plate, thick at the base, conical, apex pointed. Subgenital

plate trigonal, apex obtuse, in the middle on both sides longitudinally sulcated

(shrivelled ?).

Ovipositor short, at the base vertically curved upwards, basal lobes from above

with a small obtuse tubercle, apex of ovipositor acute, margins from the middle

finely dentate or crenulate, especially the upper valve. Anterior coxal from above

with a long spine, its lower margin on the inner side with an obtuse spine or

projection.

Meso- and metasternum transverse, laterally broadly rounded or more tri-

angular, with the margins thickened, the lateral lobes of mesosternum well-

separated posteriorly, those of metasternum contiguous in the middle.

General coloration light brown with black dots, spots, and points. Antennae

annulated, annuli blackish and narrow and as far as may be concluded from the

basal part of antenna, which is only present, fairly remote from each other.

Head of the general coloration, frons with a blackish micro-punctation. Pronotum

from above brown, with a small black spot on each side along the lateral keels

near the anterior margin, and a larger one on both sides in the middle of meta-

zona, touching the posterior margin. Lateral lobe lighter coloured, with a blackish

micro-punctuation, in the upper part along the lateral keel with a black spot,

reaching from the anterior margin to about the middle of lateral keel; a little

above the lower margin of lateral lobe with the transverse grooves blackish.

Elytra light brown, with rows of blackish points in the anterior area and along

the anterior margin as far as its middle, there are more faintly indicated dark

spots in the basal part of the elytron and along its posterior margin. Wing more

or less hyaline, tesselated with dark points along the anterior margin in the

apical part.

Anterior and median legs of the general coloration, femora with more or less

complete dark annuli, most distinct in the anterior femora; tibiae tesselated with

brownish. Hind femora of the general coloration, the incrassate basal part on the

inner and outer area with a blackish stripe. Tarsi of the general coloration.

Abdomen and sternum of the general coloration with blackish points. First

abdominal tergite with a quadrate black spot on each side. Third and fourth

tergites from above dark brown to blackish. Epimerum of metathorax with a

blackish spot. Ovipositor with the basal half of the general coloration, apical

half more of a uniform dark brownish colour.

Male unknown. Described after a single female.

Length of body 18 mm Length of ant. femur 8 mm

a „ pronotum 145 > „ med. à Se

> „ elytron 29 dI n SP DOSE di 22 3

Width = a 4 È 7 „ Ovipositor BS) page

Geographical distribution. Panama, Canal Zone, Barro Colorado, coll. Cu.

GREGOIRE. The type is unique, in my collection (Figs. 3, 4).

This new species differs from misera by the length of elytra, being only 10

mm, from dives by the colour of the pronotal disc with an hourglass-like shape

and by the posterior margin of disc of pronotum not being incised in the middle.

6 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, VOL. 104, AFL. 1, 1961

From zebrata, by the narrower elytra and by the colour of the pronotum and the

presence of blackish spots on the abdomen from above; the same can be said

of differences from modesta. It is a pity that of the both last mentioned species

only the males are known.

CONOCEPHALIDAE

AGROECINAE

Salomona intermedia spec. nov.

JG States Cy le I eut

Size medium, form robust. Head, as seen from above, as broad as the prono-

tum; frons in the middle regularly and finely shagreened, disc with 4-6

impressed points, from which the middle are very distinct, the lower and upper

much smaller and less distinct or indistinct; lower margin of frons practically

smooth with or without distinct points on both sides, above this margin with a

small area with a more transverse, circular sculpture; carina lateralis interna

distinct, both furcae more or less distinct, including the subocular area which is

irregularly, rugosely sculpturated, very different from the sculpturation of the

disc of frons; carina lateralis externa indistinct and connected with the furca

externa, including the anterior part of cheek which is very rugosely sculptured,

posterior part of cheek almost smooth, with a few transverse, irregular rugose

ridges. Clypeus about one and a half times as broad as high, with a shallow median

groove.

Vertex almost smooth, on both sides with a more or less stronger developed

row of points, one row behind the eyes; between the inner rows there is some-

times a very shallow transverse groove, which may also be absent. Fastigium of

vertex nearly horizontal, not reaching beyond the basal antennal joint; laterally

compressed, apex subacute, frontal margin as seen in profile with a more or less

distinct small obtuse tooth in the middle and one at the base. Top of fastigium

of vertex seen in profile somewhat curved down. Pronotum almost smooth with

impressed points; anterior margin rounded-truncate, posterior margin in the male

rounded, in the female truncate; median groove most distinct in the middle of

the disc; principal transverse sulcus most distinct on the lateral lobes, first

transverse sulcus shallowly indicated, present only on the disc, arcuately bent

anteriorly; lateral lobe longer than high, lower margin nearly straight or sub-

concave, gradually ascending anteriorly, anterior angle broadly rounded, posterior

margin at the humeral angle slightly concave.

Elytra reaching about the middle of hind tibia. Elytron broad, from the basal

third tapering apically, anterior margin slightly convex, posterior margin almost

straight; subcosta simple, radius bifurcated at the apex, its sector arising in the

apical third and also bifurcated near the apex, media simple, cubitus in the

female short, followed by about 3 anal veins, in the male connected with the

media near the base, speculum of male in both elytra of about the same form,

small, suboval, hyaline. Wing subcycloid, subcosta simple, radius near the top

bifurcated, media and cubitus both simple, at the base connected over a short

distance, there are about 12 anal veins.

C. WILLEMSE : Descriptions and records of Orthoptera 7

Anterior femur from below with a row of 6—7 spines on the inner margin,

and with 5—6 spines on the outer margin; inner knee lobe with a strong spine.

Median femur from below with a row of 5—6 spines on the outer and 2—3

basal spines on the inner margin; inner knee lobe with a spine. Hind femur from

below with a row of 8—9 spines on the outer margin, inner margin smooth;

inner knee lobe with two spines, outer knee lobe with only one spine.

Prosternum with two spines; mesosternum with the lateral margins elevated,

posterior margin on both sides with a distinct obtuse spine; metasternum also

with the lateral margins somewhat elevated, posterior margin on both sides knob-

like, thickened, no distinct spine.

Male. Penultimate tergite with the posterior margin in the middle roundly

excised, forming on each side a rounded lobe. Supraanal plate triangular, apex

acute, disc furrowed. Cercus thick, on the outer surface granulose, in the middle

on the inner side with a broad and strong tooth; top of looth obliquely truncate,

top margins slightly crenulate, a little more towards the apex with a small,

triangular elevation or tooth, the extreme apex slightly rounded with a small

spine, only visible on the right cercus; the whole cercus hairy. Subgenital plate

longer than broad, narrowing apically, posterior margin triangularly excised, styli

of medium size, slender and nearly straight, apex obtuse.

Female. Penultimate tergite longitudinally sulcated in the middle, forming

two lobes. Supraanal plate triangular, relatively broad, apex obtuse. Cercus thick,

slightly curved inwards, conical, apex obtuse, granulose. Ovipositor evenly curved

upwards, broad, margins smooth, apex obtuse. Subgenital plate short, broad,

posterior margin in the middle roundly excised, forming two small obtuse lobes.

General coloration reddish to light castaneous brown. Frons and anterior part

of cheek totally black, antennal scrobae black, fastigium of vertex, as seen in

front, black, basal antennal joint in front black. Clypeus reddish brown or

blackish in the basal half, apical half reddish to yellowish brown, with the

margins lighter coloured. Labrum yellowish red or reddish brown. Antennae

reddish brown, not annulated. Vertex of the general coloration, without darker

coloured stripes or bands. Pronotum of the general coloration, disc with a sym-

metrical black design of narrow spots and stripes, somewhat variable, lateral lobe

also with some black spots and stripes, but less developed than on the disc.

Elytra brown, with dispersed intense black spots, very contrasting, along the

principal veins. Wings subhyaline. Legs of the general coloration, femora with

regular rows of black transverse stripes or spots on the outer and partly on the

inner surface, very striking. Hind femur sometimes with a black stripe in the

middle of the outer area, arising from the confluence of black points, somewhat

variable. Most femora also with a row of black points from above. Middle tibiae

in the lower part with a black stripe on the outer side.

Spines on the legs black or only the apex black. Tarsal joints at the top

blackish. Disc of sterna black. Trochanters and coxae from below with some

black spots. Abdomen of the general coloration, tergites on both sides along the

margins with a blackish stripe; sternites with a black spot on each side. Penul-

timate tergite on each side with a round black spot. Disc of supraanal plate black

and with a black spot from below on each side. Basipodite of cercus sometimes

8 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, VOL. 104, AFL. 1, 1961

black, just as the lateral margin of penultimate tergite. Subgenital plate in the

male yellowish, in the female reddish brown. (Pl. 3 fig. 6, pl. 5 fig. 17).

d 9

Length of body 520 "mm 58 mm

5 „ pronotum 19 5 15 o

= „ elytron 52 2 53—55 ,„

N a anESfemuzslo = 15—16 4

fo med Ben UN ous 14-15 „

» post temur 25 3 28—29 ,,

En „ OVipositor 19—22 ,,

Geographical distribution. Papua, Murua Agricultural Station, Gulf District,

near Kekama, March, 1959, under the bark of coconut palms.

Type, g', Kekama; allotype, $, near Kekama, March and July, 1959, leg.

F. X. Ryan, in my collection. Described after two males and six females.

This species is remarkable by having the frontal sculpture of S. megacephala,

though a little more finely sculpturated, but with the coloration of S. coriacea.

It differs from megacephala by the black design on the pronotum and femora,

by the sculpturation of frons being more fine and by the styli of male sub-

genital plate being distinctly shorter. S. intermedia differs from coriacea by the

structure of the sculpturation of the frons and, in the former species, by the com-

pletely truncate tooth at the base of the male cercus.

Salomona papuasica spec. nov.

Doria ole 18

Male. Body stout, form robust. The head seen from above, as broad as the prono-

tum. The frons almost smooth, dull, without impressed points, a little above the

clypeal margin tranversely vaulted and on both sides with an indication of

some narrow, shallow transverse grooves; on the level on the insertion of the

mandible with an oblique, very distinct, short groove; the cheeks with

some irregular, distinct rugae and impressed points, especially along the

carina lateralis interna and in the triangular area between the furcae, posterior

area of cheek with the same sculpturation, but less developed; furca interna

incomplete, not reaching the base of fastigium of vertex, furca externa strongly

developed, reaching to the lower margin of the eye, thick, irregularly wound,

rugose; clypeus broader than high, with an indication of a median groove, its

surface practically smooth or almost smooth; labrum smooth. Carina lateralis

externa distinct, somewhat irregular, rugose. Vertex almost smooth, with some

irregular rows of points; fastigium of vertex short, not reaching the top of basal

antennal joint, directed upwards and more or less pointed; seen in profile,

somewhat curved downwards, below the top with a blunt tooth or obtuse

elevation and a similar one at the extreme base, between the antennal scrobae.

Pronotum with the anterior margin slightly rounded, posterior margin broadly

rounded; principal transverse sulcus a little behind the middle and most distinct

on the lateral lobe; median groove most distinct in the middle of the disc;

TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 104, AFL. 1, 1961 PLAAT 1

PI. 1. Fig. 1. Bliastes salomonoides Br. v. Wattenwyl, homotype, 6. Fig. 2. the same, 9

(Paris Mus.). (Author phot.)

C. WILLEMSE : Descriptions and records of Orthoptera

PLAAT 2

TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 104, AFL. 1, 1961

“aou ‘sods “A

ou ‘ues DIVININAGHT vjjoprsoprirg ‘€ “SIF Goi

C. WILLEMSE : Descriptions and records of Orthoptera

TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 104, AFL. 1, 1961 PLAAT 3

PI. 3. Fig. 6. Salomona intermedia spec. nov., holotype 4, top of abdomen in ventral aspect.

Fig. 7. S. papuasica spec. nov., holotype &, top of abdomen in dorsal aspect. Fig. 8.

Hexacentrus borneensis spec. nov., holotype, &. Fig. 9. The same, paratype, 9.

(Author phot.)

C. WILLEMSE : Descriptions and records of Orthoptera

TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 104, AFL. 1, 1961 PLAAT 4

PI. 4. Fig. 10. Oxyprorella gregoirea spec. nov., holotype 9. Fig. 11. Paradoriaella tuber-

culata gen. nov., spec. nov., holotype, 9. Fig. 12. Cladonotella insulana spec. nov., right

posterior leg of the holotype. Fig. 13. C. beccarii Bol., left posterior leg. Fig. 14. C. insulana

spec. nov. holotype. Fig. 15. C. beccarsi Bol. Fig. 16. Palaioscaria calosoma intermedia

subspec. nov., holotype, ®. (Author phot.)

C. WILLEMSE : Descriptions and records of Orthoptera

TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, DEEL 104, AFL. 1, 1961 PLAAT 5

” rar ‘

PI. 5. Fig. 17. Salomona intermedia spec. nov., holotype, 4, head in frontal aspect. Fig. 18

Salomona papuasica spec. nov. holotype, 4, head in frontal aspect. (Author phot.)

C. WILLEMSE : Descriptions and records of Orthoptera

C. WILLEMSE : Descriptions and records of Orthoptera 9

surface of pronotum punctate with some smooth and almost smooth areas; lateral

lobe longer than high, lower margin gradually ascending anteriorly, anterior angle

broadly rounded, posterior margin near the humeral angle with a small convexity.

Elytra and wings reaching a little behind the top of hind femora. Elytron

relatively narrow, anterior margin slightly convex, posterior margin almost straight;

from the middle distinctly narrowing apically, apex rounded; subcosta simple,

reaching the anterior margin near the apex, separated from the radius by a

narrow interspace, filled out by small transverse veinlets; radius at the top sub-

bifurcated, radial sector, which is bifurcated at its top, arising in the apical third;

media with about seven branches, more or less distinct; cubitus at the base con-

nected with the media, short, dissolved into the more dense reticulation; speculum

short, clear on both elytra, more or less irregularly quadrangular; there are two

anal veins. i

Wing subcycloid, a little shorter than elytron; subcosta simple; radius with a

radial sector near the apex; media not connected with the radial sector; cubitus

anterior only present in the apical half, cubitus posterior at the base connected

with the media, there are about 11 anal veins. Anterior femur from below on each

margin with a row of 6 spines; inner genicular lobe with a strong spine. Inter-

mediate femur from below with a row of 2 spines on the inner and a row of 6

spines on the outer margin, inner knee lobe with only a short spine. Hind femur

from below with a row of 6—8 spines on the outer margin, inner margin smooth;

both knee lobes with a spine.

Penultimate tergite in the middle somewhat concave, posterior margin in the

middle concave, on both sides forming a rounded, obtuse, small lobe. Supra-

anal plate small, triangular, with the top broadly obtuse and the disc in the

middle concave. Cercus thick, slightly curved inwards; on the inner surface, a

little above the base, with a strong tooth, directed inwards, the top of which is

crenulated; top of cercus broadly rounded, obtuse, a little below the top on the

inner surface with a small finger-like tooth or projection. Subgenital plate nar-

rowing apically, about as broad as long, its posterior margin in the middle

triangularly incised; disc of plate with a median keel. Styli slender, of median size.

General coloration castaneous brown. Frons and cheeks black, dull; clypeus and

labrum dirty white to greenish white, labrum in the upper part and clypeus at its

frontal margin with a reddish brown, transverse band or stripe; palpi greenish

white or light brownish, apical joints darker coloured; vertex of the general

coloration, with dark brown indefinite longitudinal bands in the middle and on

both sides.

Pronotum castaneous brown, its margins edged with black, disc in the middle

and a part of metazona are lighter coloured.

Elytra with dispersed black spots along the principal veins. Wings hyaline,

veins light brownish. Legs dark castaneous, femora of median and posterior legs

in the apical third more reddish brown; all the spines are black. Sternum black,

anterior part of mesosternum however and part of epimerum yellowish; the

tubercles on the lateral margins of meso- and metasternum yellowish at the tip.

Lower margin of coxae greenish white or yellowish. Abdomen brown; lateral

margins of sternites with a blackish brown stripe; base of subgenital plate edged

10 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, VOL. 104, AFL. 1, 1961

with blackish brown. Tergites light brown, posterior margins of segments bor-

dered with dark brown. Female unknown. (Pl. 3 fig. 7, pl. 5 fig. 18).

Length of body (g') 47 mm Length of ant. femur 14 mm

ij „ pronotum 13 da 5 » med. femur NBS» ssp

ho „ elytron 35 Le 5: "POS erent 25 is

Geographical distribution. Papua, Murua Agricultural Station, Gulf District,

leg. F. X. RYAN.

Type 8, Murua District, Papua, in my collection.

This species runs in my key (WILLEMSE, 1958—1959*)) near Salomona aroen-

sia. The principal difference is the presence of the finger-like projection near the

top of male cercus. As to the structure and sculpturation they are about the same

in both species. As only one specimen is known, it is difficult to decide about

the species being related to aroensia or not.

LISTROSCELINAE

Hexacentrus borneensis spec. nov.

PISSEN

General facies similar to that of Hexacentrus. Elytra long, reaching far behind

the top of hind femur; in the male with the anterior and posterior margin nearly

parallel, in the middle not widened as is usual in the genus; apex rounded

truncate or broadly rounded; radial sector arising before the middle, at the base

angulately curved, with 3 branches; speculum in both elytra hyaline, longer than

broad; between the different principal veins with regularly arranged transverse

veinlets; in the female with the radial sector at the base more roundly curved,

with 3—4 branches.

Anterior femur from below on the inner margin with a row of 4-5 small

spines, on the outer lower margin more or less serrulated with very minute spines;

the spines are regularly arranged along the margins. Anterior tibia on the lower

outer margin with 5—6, on the inner lower margin with 5 long spines, decreas-

ing in length towards the top of tibia. Median femur on the lower outer

margin with a row of 4—5 small spines, on the lower inner margin subserrulate,

with very minute spines, in both cases regularly arranged along the margins.

Intermediate tibia with a row of 5—6 long spines on the outer and on the inner

margin, the spines decreasing in length towards the top of the tibia. Posterior

femur from below on both sides with a row of small spines, variable in number

from 6—9; both knee lobes with a spine. Hind tibia with the usual row of spines

on the four margins, from above on both sides with an apical spine.

Male. Subgenital plate long, in the middle constricted, posterior margin trun-

cate; disc of plate in the apical half with a median sulcus; cercus reaching the

top of subgenital plate, at the base inflated, apical third abruptly narrowed and

curved inwards, apex sharply pointed. Styli relatively long, slender, slightly

curved inwards, top obtuse.

=) “Notes on the genus Salomona Blanchard”, Natuurhist. Gen. Limburg, no. 11, 1958—

1998

C. WILLEMSE : Descriptions and records of Orthoptera 11

Female. Subgenital plate short, triangular, apex obtuse. Ovipositor straight,

margins smooth, apex pointed. Cercus short, conical, slightly curved inwards,

apex acutely pointed.

General coloration yellowish green; basal joint of antennae dark brown with a

black point or spot at the top on the inner side, sometimes nearly totally black;

second joint blackish brown, the remaining part of antenna yellowish brown,

sparsely annulated with blackish brown.

Fastigium of vertex from above and occiput brown to blackish brown; behind

the eye with or without a darker coloured spot.

Pronotum of the general coloration, disc with a brown figure, resembling,

more or less a sandglass; this figure is present in all the other species of this

genus; metazona sometimes lighter coloured; sides of this figure more or less

completely and narrowly margined with black or blackish brown, against the

lateral lobe it is limited by a yellowish stripe, adjoining the narrow black margin;

lateral lobe of the general coloration.

Elytra greenish with the principal veins contrasting by their darker or more

intense coloration; speculum on both elytra hyaline, stridulatory vein at the base

black or partially black. Legs of the general coloration; spines black, femora with

scattered black round spots; knees of anterior and median legs black; tibiae at the

base black; auditory organ of anterior tibia black from above; first and second

joints of tarsi of all the legs more or less blackish brown. Ovipositor green or

brownish, at the base and apex sometimes somewhat darker coloured. (Pl. 3

figs. 8, 9).

3 ?

Length of body 20 mm 23 mm

if „ pronotum 6—7 ,, 7 5

VE clytron JON AG

Width of elytron VA ON

Length of ant. femur ae 10 si

ie „ med. femur Shi as 99, 25;

a „ post. femur DI ii 209.5;

= „ Ovipositor 21 a

Geographical distribution. East Borneo, Bengen River, Tabang, 135 m,

Sept.-Oct., 1956, leg. A. M. R. WEGNER.

Type g', Tabang, 14.X.1959; allotype 9, Tabang, 11.IX.1959. Mus. Leiden.

ACRIDIDAE

PYRGOMORPHINAE

Paradoriaella gen. nov.

Ziano pais

This genus is related to Doriaella Bol (= Pachokeraian Will.), but differs

in various features. Only a female specimen is known at the moment.

Body of medium size, elongate, not or only slightly compressed laterally;

covered with small round tubercles. Antennae relatively short, reaching only the

12 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, VOL. 104, AFL. 1, 1961

middle of pronotum; slightly flattened, basal joint small, not reaching beyond

the top of fastigium of vertex, second joint short and more rounded, third joint

very distinctly dilated at the top, triquetral and longer than broad, covered with

small round tubercles, fourth joint smaller, near the top with an indication of a

small dilatation, fifth joint distinctly dilated at the apex, the apical margin of

this dilatation somewhat concave, along the margins with small round tubercles,

sixth, seventh, and eighth joints normal, elongate and discreasing in length, the

ninth joint also dilated, but less than the other (dilated) joints and also some-

what shorter, apical margin of the dilatation somewhat concave, the remaining

four joints cylindrical, decreasing in length, except the apical joint which is

longer, and rounded at its apex.

Head, seen from above, conical, somewhat shorter than the pronotum; its

surface with rows of small round tubercles; margins of antennal scrobae in the

middle touching cach other and forming the fastigium of vertex, seen in front,

narrowly separated; frontal sulcus narrow and shallow; not widened nor narrowed,

its margins with a row of small tubercles; carinae laterales, separating the frons

from the cheek, distinct, beginning at the lower margin of antennal scrobae and

percurrent to the inner angle of insertion of mandible, composed of a more or

less distinct row of small, round tubercles, frons itself and cheek with dispersed,

irregular rows of small round tubercles; median ocel practically absent or indicated

by two small, oval impressions, lying in the level of the lower margin of the eyes,

on each side of the frontal sulcus; lateral ocel more distinct, lying against the

upper, inner corner of the eye. Head from above on both sides with a row of

more coarsely indicated tubercles, in the middle with a more fine median, low

keel, percurrent from the anterior margin of pronotum to the base of fastigium

of vertex. Fastigium of vertex, seen from above, with the anterior margin rounded

truncate. Cheeks with some rows of tubercles, there is no transverse keel.

Pronotum somewhat longer than broad, anterior margin straight, set with a

row of small tubercles; posterior margin nearly rectangular, in the middle this

margin somewhat elevated; transverse sulci fine and perceptible, principal sulcus

almost in the middle; lateral keels in the prozona nearly parallel, in the metazona

distinctly widened posteriorly, these keels are somewhat irregular and more or

less visible, being formed by irregular rows of tubercles; lateral lobe of pronotum

not or scarcely widened posteriorly, lower margin ascending anteriorly, anterior

angle broadly, but irregularly rounded, posterior angle obtusely rounded; surface

of pronotum irregularly rugose with small, rounded tubercles.

Elytra and wings well-developed, reaching far behind the top of hind femora.

Elytron with the margins parallel, at the base with a small dilatation of the

anterior margin, anterior margin itself, somewhat undulated; apical margin

truncated and somewhat concave, at the posterior margin terminating into a point;

posterior margin near the top undulated, the elytron being somewhat narrower

at this place. Wing normal, anterior area at the top posteriorly somewhat elon-

gated and also terminating into an obtuse, small prolongation.

Prosternum with the anterior margin slightly thickened and somewhat elevated,

disc in the middle with a relatively broad and deep longitudinal groove; meso-

and metasternum broad, anterior margin of mesosternum thickened and truncate,

C. WILLEMSE : Descriptions and records of Orthoptera 13

foveolae mesosternales small, interconnected by a fine transverse groove, meso-

sternal lobes relatively small, about as long as broad, inner margin straight, at the

top rounded, interspace somewhat broader than long, not widened posteriorly;

foveolae metasternales somewhat larger, connected by a fine transverse groove,

more or less distinct, metasternal lobes small, narrow, broader than long, metastern-

al interspace small, narrow, also broader than long.

Legs relatively short, knee lobes of anterior and median legs rounded; hind

femur short, not reaching the top of abdomen, laterally compressed, area infero-

externa about as broad as the area infero-interna; lower and upper keels not

dentate but more granulate, both knee lobes obtuse. Hind tibia straight, margins

not sharp, inner margin with a row of about eleven spines, outer margin with

ten spines, including an apical spine. First tarsal joint flattened.

Female. Supraanal plate triangular, at the posterior margin in the middle more

or less terminating into an acute process; its disc in the middle with a shallow

longitudinal groove, on both sides limited by an obtuse, irregular keel. Cercus

very short, not reaching beyond the top of supraanal plate, conical, broad at the

base, apex pointed. Valves of ovipositor elongate, straight, their margins

distinctly crenulate or finely dentate, especially the upper margins, tops of valves

terminating into a curved tooth. Subgenital plate much longer than broad,

posterior margin in the middle slightly incised. Male unknown.

Genotype: Paradoriaella tuberculata spec. nov.

This new genus is related to Doriaella, but differs in the form of antenna, the

3—8 basal joints in Doriaella being all dilated; head, pronotum, and body not or

scarcely tuberculate; frons seen in profile more regularly curved (in the new

genus more angulately curved); anterior area of hind wing at the top concavely

excised; wing also more elongate.

Paradoriaella tuberculata spec. nov.

Bl227fi0s.,3,,4, plore fig ei

General coloration brown to dark brown. Head brown, frons and lower part of

cheek dark brown, below the eyes with a more or less distinctly indicated

yellowish brown transverse band. Pronotum of the general coloration, lateral lobe

for the greater part blackish brown; disc with the metazona near the posterior

margin blackish in the middle. Elytron light brown, variegated with darker brown

spots and stripes, especially in the basal two thirds and near the apex, showing

a lighter coloured broad pre-apical band. Wing orange red, anterior area more

brownish, with a pale stripe along the anterior margin near the apex; the whole

hind margin finely and narrowly bordered with brown. Legs of the general

coloration. Abdomen reddish brown. (Pl. 2 figs. 3, 4, pl. 4 fig. 11).

Length of body (2) 35 mm Length of ant. femur 4,5 mm

je „ pronotum CI i „ med. femur 5 N

er „ elytron 31 È E: ,, post. femur 1425

Width (average) of elytron 6,5 ,,

14 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, VOL. 104, AFL. 1, 1961

Geographical distribution. New Guinea, Netherlands Indian-American New

Guinea Expedition, Rattan Camp, 1150 m, 8.11.1939 (leg. L. J. ToxOPEUS).

Only the type is known. Mus. Leiden.

TETRIGINAE

Cladonotella Hancock 1908

1908. Cladonotella Hancock, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, pp. 395, 396 — 1938. Günther,

Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, vol. 23, pp. 314, 340. — 1952. Rehn, Grassh. and Loc. Australia,

vol. 1, p. 26. (Differing from the Australian genus Peraxelpa).

The genus Cladonotelia was erected by HANCOCK, to include two species for-

merly attributed to the genus C/adonotus by BOLIVAR (1887, p. 208—209).

The latter author described this genus only briefly in the key to the Cladonotus

species. It has never been redescribed by following authors. Having some species

of the genus Cladonotella before me, I wish to use this opportunity to present a

more extensive description of the genus.

Body small, not or only slightly compressed, surface shagreen with small

irregular tubercles, except from below. Antennae slender, composed of about

eleven elongated joints, the joints increasing in length towards the top, basal

joint somewhat thickened, inserted distinctly below the eyes and laterad of the

middle of the frontal keel; apical joint about as long as the preapical.

Frontal costa in the upper part perceptible as a fine low, in the middle some-

what grooved, keel; or costa totally absent; in the middle of the frons (below the

eyes and between the insertion of antennae) indicated by a frontal scutellum,

which scutellum is more or less deeply cleft in its middle, forming an elevated

lamella; seen in profile, obtuse and angulately produced.

Upper margin of the eye on the inner side somewhat elevated; eyes only a

little longer than broad, globular, seen in profile not or scarcely projected above

thie! vertex

Pronotum reaching the middle of abdomen or longer; its surface strongly

tuberculate and scabrose; anterior margin truncate, apex (= posterior margin)

truncate, with a median shallow obtuse triangular incision; pronotum, seen from

above, gradually narrowing posteriorly; median keel percurrent, sometimes a

little behind the anterior margin interrupted along a short distance; in the miidle

of disc of pronotum keel with an elevated, irregular tumescence, which

posteriorly is abruptly cut off or gradually sloping as far as apex of pronotum.

This tumescence is cut in the middle by the median keel, which at this place and

also a little before, is undulated and elevated; on both sides of this elevated

median keel there is a more or less distinct excavation, its lateral margin, ele-

vated and more or less dentate or crenulate; behind this tumescence the

median keel is low and sometimes abbreviated, not quite reaching the apex of

pronotum; posterior part of disc behind the tumescence shagreened with rows of

small tubercles or nodes; lateral margin in this part of disc mostly entire and

distinct. Lateral lobe of pronotum in the middle lamellate and produced outwards,

seen from above, obtuse or subobtuse, lower and posterior margins of lateral lobe

nearly entire. Elytra and wings absent.

C. WILLEMSE : Descriptions and records of Orthoptera 15

Anterior and median femora with upper and lower margins multilobate and

compressed; outer areas irregularly nodulose; tibiae slightly compressed, not or

scarcely micro-lobulate. Hind femur reaching or overreaching the top of abdomen.

Upper keel undulate, with 2 or 3 large, triangular teeth or lobes in the apical

part, the upper keel itself terminating at the apex into a pronounced tooth or

lobe; lower keel more or less undulated, without large teeth or lobes; inner area

of femur flat, outer area swollen, upper and middle areolae with rows of

transverse rugae on a shagreened surface, lower outer areola without rugae; knee

lobes obtusely rounded. Hind tibia nearly straight, from above with 2 rows of

spines.

Abdomen with the first 7 tergites normal, smooth, the 8th tergite, seen from

above mesially with a more or less strong elevated tooth; last tergites declivous and

shagreened. Supraanal plate long, triangular, apex obtuse. Subgenital plate of

male long, erected upwards, top obtuse, in the female normal, with its posterior

margin terminating into a projection or slightly convex. Ovipositor straight, with

the margins finely dentate.

Genotype: Cladonotus gibbosum de Haan.

The genus contains five species.

Cladonotella insulana spec. nov.

Pl. 41850. 1214

This new species is related to Cl. beccarii Bol. (pl. 4 figs. 13,15), but differs

in the following features. Pronotum reaching or nearly reaching the top of

abdomen, while in beccarii it is distinctly shorter. The median tumescence of

disc of pronotum in both species distinct, but in beccarii posteriorly abruptly

lowered, while in #sulana it is gradually sloping as far as the top of pronotum.

Preapical tooth on the upper keel of hind femur in beccarit is distinctly longer

than the apical tooth of this keel, while in 7725/4724 this tooth is as high as the

apical tooth. The 8th abdominal tergite in the middle with a distinct elevated

tooth in beccarii, while in imsulana this tooth is very small or even absent.

Atennae in sultana with a few lighter coloured annulae. General coloration in

both species the same, dark brown to blackish brown, with some lighter coloured

parts. (PI. 4 figs. 12, 14).

of Q

Length of body 7,5 mm 9 mm

is „ pronotum 6 A SF...

ù, „ post. femur 45 ,, EME

Geographical distribution. Id. Waigeu (Waigeo), N. of the West point of

Dutch New Guinea, 3.VIII.1948 (leg. M. A. LIEFTINCK). 1 9, 2 @.

Holotype, g', Id. Waigeu, allotype 9, Mus. Leiden.

Palaioscaria calosoma intermedia subspec. nov.

PI. 4 fig. 16

This subspecies differs from the nominate form in the length of pronotum,

which reaches only near the top of hind femur, while in the nominate form it

16 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, VOL. 104, AFL. 1, 1961

exceeds a little the top of the hind femur. General coloration dark brown to

black, frons dark brown, between the eyes above insertion of antennae black,

vertex black; there are no distinct blackish bands or spots, but the coloration is

uniform all over. Antennae lighter brown at the base, apically darkening to

blackish brown.

Pronotum reddish brown; apical half from above blackish. Elytron small and

narrow, not overreaching, as seen in profile, the coxa of median femur; wing as

long as the pronotum. Legs dark brown or more yellowish brown. There is no

appreciable difference in the genital organs with the nominate form. Only a

female is known. (Pl. 4 fig. 16).

Length of body 13 mm

= „ pronotum Or

Di „ post. femur 9 es

Geographical distribution. New Guinea, Netherlands Indian-American New

Guinea Expedition, Araucaria Camp, 800 m, 3-11.V.1939 (leg. L. J. TOXOPEus).

Type, 1 9, Mus. Leiden.

The genus Palaioscaria contains three species and one subspecies. The differ-

ences between the species, as given by its author, GUNTHER, are merely colour

variations; and the material upon which these species were described was not

rich in number. In connection with the colour variability known in many

members of this family, it is possible that the different species are mere colour

variations. We shall have to wait for more extensive and more carefully collected

material. With the aid of the data given by GUNTHER, and with the material I

have before me, the following artificial key may be composed.

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF Palaioscaria

1. Pronotum short, only reaching the third fourth part of hind femur. Frons

uniformly coloured, without distinct black spots or bands below the

insertion of antennae. calosoma intermedia subspec. nov.

1.1. Pronotum reaching the top of hind femur. Frons with or without a black

transverse band or black spots.

2. Pronotum with a distinct black spot on the lateral lobe. Anterior and

median coxae and base of outer area of median and hind femur with a

black spot. Elytra nearly obliterated. serena Günther

. Pronotum without a black spot on the lateral lobe.

. Frons below the insertion of antennae with a distinct black, complete

transverse band. Clypeus, labrum, and lower margin of frons black. Frons

between the eyes and the whole vertex black. calosoma frenatum Günther

. Frons without a distinct black transverse band, there may be some scattered

black spots on the frons; vertex not black.

4. Frons with an indistinct, scattered black transverse band. Prozona of prono-

tum from above in the middle with a distinct black stripe. Outer area of

median femur with a distinct black spot. bürgersi Günther

4.4 Frons without black transverse scattered band, sometimes on both sides of

the middle with a small black spot. Median femur on the outer area without

black spot. calosoma cadosoma Günther.

DD N

(US)

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PS rages Ne E dE TES |

BDT 562

DEEL 104 AFLEVERING 2 1961

MUS. COMP. ZOBL

LIBRARY

APR 17 1961

HARVSRD

TIJDSCHRIFT

UITGEGEVEN DOOR

DE NEDERLANDSCHE ENTOMOLOGISCHE VEREENIGING

INHOUD:

J. VAN DEN AssEM. Mosquitoes collected in the Hollandia area, Netherlands New

Guinea, with notes on the ecology of larvae, p. 17—30, figs. 1—2.

Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, deel 104, afl. 2. Gepubliceerd 22-III- 1961

Nederlandsche Entomologische Vereeniging

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APR 17 1961

HARV=RD

UNIVERSITY |

MOSQUITOES COLLECTED IN THE HOLLANDIA AREA, —

NETHERLANDS NEW GUINEA, WITH NOTES ON THE

ECOLOGY OF LARVAE

J. VAN DEN ASSEM

Formerly Public Health Dept., Division of Malariology, Netherlands New Guinea,

at present Zoology Dept., University of Leiden, Netherlands

Probably few areas occur in New Guinea where the mosquito fauna was in-

vestigated more thoroughly than in the Hollandia area. This is not in the

last place due to the work done by American entomologists stationed there during

the Pacific War, especially W. V. KING and H. HOOGSTRAAL have to be men-

tioned in this respect. The present author had an opportunity for further study

during a three years stay in New Guinea.

The Hollandia area, as understood in this paper, is well defined by its natural

borders. It comprises the area between the western shore of Humboldt Bay (north

of Kotabaru Pantai) and the eastern shore of Tanahmerah Bay (cast of Tabla-

nusu). Its southern demarcation is formed by the depression between Tanahmerah

Bay and Sentani Lake, the northern shore of the lake and the depression between

Sentani Lake and Humboldt Bay (fig. 1). The area is very mountainous, com-

prising the entire Cyclops Mountains Range (highest peak, Mount Baboko,

2160 m). By far the greatest part of the area is covered with dense rain forest

with a transition to mountain forest and moss forest in the Cyclops with increasing

PACIFIC OCEAN

Cyr

YCLops N |

TAIN

HOLLANDIA

SENTANI FLAT

HUMBOLDT

BAY

KOTA B. PANTAI

10 KM

Fig. 1. Sketch map of the Hollandia area.

TIJDSCHR. V. ENTOM., DEEL 104, AFL. 2, 1961.

18 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, VOL. 104, AFL. 2, 1961

altitude. The Cyclops are uninhabited and rather difficult to access, due to the dense

vegetation and the steep slopes; in places they rise almost perpendicularly from

the Sentani flat, at the northern side they rise steeply from the Pacific Ocean.

Mountain currents with rocky beds are very numerous. The mountain foothills

between the ridge and Sentani Lake are largely deforested and covered with

grasses, with a dominant Pandanus vegetation in wetter places, especially along

drainage lines. An extensive sago swamp is situated in the Sentani flat at the

northern shore of the lake and another between the lake and Humboldt Bay. A

vegetation of mangroves borders the shallow southwestern part of this bay. The

urban centre of Hollandia is situated along the western shore of Humboldt Bay,

offering a scenery competing with the most beautiful ones in the world. A rural

area with scattered farm houses is situated in the Sentani flat.

In all 111*) species of mosquitoes, divided over 13 genera, have been recorded

from this area. The subgenera F/nlaya and Aedes (genus Aedes) and Rachisoura

(genus Tripteroides) account for the greatest diversity per subgenus, with 16, 12

and 13 species, respectively. Finlaya and Rachisoura are notably rich in species

in other parts of New Guinea as well, especially in the Central Mountain range.

In Table 1 the numbers of species recorded have been classed with the different

subgenera to which they belong. The records of species dealt with below, have

been arranged according to the two main types of larval habitats prevalent in the

aies A. Ground water breeders,

B. Container breeders.

Within both types several categories are described, some of which are easily

defined by a characteristic species association — those which require a relatively

high degree of specialisation by the occupying species — others, however, are

delimited quite arbitrarily.

Mosquito larvae are very vulnerable to predators. Their only means of defence

are specific evasive behaviour patterns (e.g., prolonged death feigning or immo-

bility during larval life) or occupation of more or less exclusive habitat niches,

out of reach of most predators. Adaptation to such specialised habitat niches is

probably a leading line in mosquito evolution. In this respect the container series

may constitute a specialisation derived of the more general ground water breeding

place series.

A. Ground water breeders

Two different tendencies of adaptations, keeping the species beyond reach of

most predators, were noted in ground water breeders in this area: breeding in

temporary water collections and breeding in the cover of abundant vegetation.

Species breeding in transient pools are numerous; Anopheles punctulatus

however seems to be the one most adapted. Due to its very rapid larval develop-

ment and the ability to stand the extreme conditions usually prevailing in its

*) Dr. E. N. Marks informs me that 7 additional species are present in collections made

by her and the author in May, 1958, viz., Aedes (Aedes) ?quadrifolium (adult); Bironella

(Bironella) confusa (edge jungle stream); Culex (Culiciomyia) sp. (rock pool); Culex

(Lophoceraomyia) ?petersi (rock pool); Culex (Lophoceraomyia) 2 spp. (sago swamp

pool, adult); Tripteroides (Rachisoura) ?leei (adult). The numbers in table I have been

modified accordingly; the numbers in the diagram remained unmodified.

J. v. D. ASSEM: Mosquitoes in the Hollandia area 19

breeding places open to full sunlight, this species is able to exploit ephemere

water collections beyond reach of any aquatic predator in this area. Aquatic de-

velopment may be as short as 7 days (HORSFALL & PORTER, 1946). Water

temperatures in a breeding place were recorded to rise from 25° C in early mor-

ning to 42° C at noon. The pH of the water changed from 7.0 after a downpour

to 8.9 a few days later.

Breeding in the cover of abundant vegetation was noted most clearly in two

distinct associations of mosquito larvae: in the Culex bitaeniorhynchus-Aedomyia

group and in Mansonia-Ficalbia species. The larvae of Culex bitaeniorhynchus, C.

squamosus, C. vicinus, C. whitmorei, and Aedomyia catasticta were taken ex-

clusively (with some exceptions of C. whitmorei) from dense clusters of green

algae. LAIRD (1956) recorded the selective feeding habits of the larvae of the

bitaeniorhynchus-group; they feed exclusively on these filamentous green algae.

Besides, a well marked tracheation of the head, probably with a respiratory

function, allows these species to stay submerged for relatively long periods.

The adaptations of the Mansonia-Ficalbia group go further still. In all Mansonza

species and in Ficalbia modesta larvae a high degree of immobility is attained,

due to peculiar modifications of the abdominal siphon, enabling them to pierce

living vegetable tissue. The necessary oxygen supply is obtained by connection

with an air cavity inside water-weeds of favorable kinds (in this area Pistia stratio-

tes and Hydrocharis asiatica). Regular excursions to the water surface for a

breath of air do not occur; the larvae stay submerged continuously and lead an

almost sessile life. This immobility is of distinct survival value in their eutrophic,

natural environment, crowded with predators of many kinds (VAN DEN ASSEM,

1958a, 1958b).

A very specialised category of ground water breeding places (ground water

containers!) are crab holes, in this area still imperfectly known. LAIRD (1956)

treated them as saline derivates of small containers, because they constitute the

favoured breeding places of Aedes (Skusea) in the Pacific. In the Hollandia area

however, apart from the fact that many crab holes contain fresh water — they may

be found in rain forest up to considerable altitudes in the Cyclops Mountains —

no species inhabiting crab holes as well as small containers were recorded. Both

Aedes parasimilis and Uranotaenia atra, and related species are common breeders

in ground pools, as are Culiciomyia species related to C. nailoni. However,

Pseudoskusea species are recorded from container habitats elsewhere. COLLESS

(1957) records a common ground pool breeder from crab holes in the Singapore

arca.

It seems probable — and continued search will certainly throw light on this

interesting problem — that the crab hole mosquito fauna is of a mixed origin,

derived of both ground water breeders and container breeders by convergent

adaptations.

Breeders in saline tree holes found in the Hollandia area, Aedes (Sk.) dasyor-

rhus, Aedes (F.) notoscriptus, Aedes (F.) novalbitarsis and Aedes (S.) scutellaris

?subsp. have not been recorded from crab holes.

Other categories of ground water breeding places mentioned in this paper are

jungle pools (also those which flow slowly, and back waters of jungle streams),

pools in sago swamps and putrid, stagnant water supplies, the latter most man-

20 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, VOL. 104, AFL. 2, 1961

made in urban or rural areas. Sago pools may probably be defined by a rather

distinct association of species but at present the delimitations of these categories

are indicated very arbitrarily and await further investigation.

B. Container breeders

Rock crevices constitute a natural transition between ground water and container

habitats. Mosquito representatives of both series may be found together here,

most often in the larger crevices. Small rock holes, sometimes with contents not

exceeding a few cc, are inhabited by proper container breeders only.

As stated above, the container habitat series seems to be derived from the

more general ground water series. The number of potential predators in permanent

or semipermanent collections is usually very large. The predator fauna of transient

pools is mainly composed of water bugs, beetle larvae and many Odonata larvae;

besides a mosquito larva with predatory habits, Culex (Lutzia) halifaxi, may be

abundant, especially in the more temporary categories. Culex halifaxi invades

occasionally containers of the larger type (holes in logs, drums, and rain-filled

canoes). Only one predator species, Toxorhynchites splendens, a mosquito larva

itself, is clearly adapted to container habitats*) in this area. It was collected by the

present author from all containers except fallen leaves and plant axils, never from

any ground water breeding place nor from large rock crevices. Drums, canoes and

log holes may harbour both mosquito predator species. Still a third predator

species occurs in this area, viz., Aedes (Mucidus) aurantius; biting females only

were collected occasionally by the author. The larvae are recorded to inhabit

transient pools.

While the risk of predation is considerably reduced, there is other drawback of

container habitats, viz., the small contents which may easily cause overcrowding

and starvation. Several mechanisms however seem to be in existence to cope with

that. In a Tröpteroides bisquamata population inhabiting Nepenthes pitchers, ob-

vious preference by the egglaying females for very recently opened pitchers and

cannibalism among the larvae may be such regulating mechanisms (VAN DEN

ASSEM, 1959). Distribution of limited numbers of eggs per container (occurring,

e.g., in Toxorhynchites), prolonged larval development and ability to survive

through periods of food shortage may be other such mechanisms.

The fauna of log holes, tree holes and cut bamboos is notably rich in species,

besides there are many species in common. Probably they represent the general

and natural type of container habitat, though both tree holes and bamboos yielded

some species not found elsewhere. The larval association Aedes (F.) notoscriptus,

Ae. (F.) novalbitarsis, Ae. (S.) albolineatus, Ae. (S.) scutellaris, Culex (N.)

brevipalpis, Tripteroides (R.) vanleeuweni, Tr. (Tr.) bimaculipes, Uranotaenta

nigerrima and Toxorhynchites splendens may constitute the characteristic general

container fauna of the area, at least in altitudes from sea level up to 500 m.

Artificial containers (drums, tins, canoes, coconut shells) have no species of

their own, as may be expected; they are largely invaded by species of log holes,

*) Large containers (e.g., drums, canoes, sometimes big tree holes) may be occupied by

Odonata \arvae and water bugs.

J. v. D. ASSEM: Mosquitoes in the Hollandia area 21

tree holes and crevices; besides, some groundwater breeders are found here, as is

mentioned above.

Fallen leaves and fallen palm bracts do not seem to constitute a very

specialised habitat niche in this area. Only one species was found breeding ex-

clusively in this niche (Aedes (F.) argenteitarsis); other species are shared with

bamboos, tree holes, log holes and crevices.

Two categories of highly specialised container habitats are represented by the

small water collections remaining in the leaf axils of several plant species and by

the fluid inside the pitchers of Nepenthes mirabilis and Nepenthes spec. Ob-

viously, occupation of these niches requires a high degree of specialisation and the

proportion of species inhabiting them exclusively is high. Characteristic breeders

in Nepenthes pitchers are several Tripteroides species; exclusive axil breeders in

this area are Culex (Acallyntrum) spp. in Metroxylon (sago), Malaya leei in

Colocasia and Alocasia spp., Aedes kochi group spp. in Colocasia, Pandanus, Cri-

num-like plants and Metroxylon spp. There is an american record, however, of

Aedes wallacei from fallen leaves.

It has to be borne in mind that a breeding place harbouring larvae of a certain

species, has offered a favourable stimulus situation to the gravid females of that

species at the moment of egg-laying; this stimulus situation in fact had to be

present to release oviposition. Breeding places having many species ın common

may reflect some common stimulus situation. Figure 2 is an attempt to illustrate

such interrelations as found in this area. In some species the stimulus situation

releasing egg-laying may be rather simple and rather indifferentiated, thus leaving

ample opportunity for choice; such a situation is supposed to be present in species

with catholic breeding habits, as are Culex fragilis and Culex pullus. Other species,

however, are obligatorily restricted to a single category, due to a highly specialised,

innate scheme, releasing oviposition in an unique situation only. The Tripteroides

species in Nepenthes or the Culex (Acallyntrum) species in Metroxylon probably

are good examples of such mosquitoes.

One further complication may be noted. One individual breeding place,

especially one like transient pools and crevices, will offer different stimulus

situations in the course of its existence. As a result a succession of species or

species-associations may be found here, most often greatly overlapping each other

in time. Everyone familiar with these types of breeding places will have noticed the

pronounced instability regarding the different species present at a certain time.

RECORDS OF SPECIES

Species of which larvae or larvae and adults were collected have been classed

according the breeding places where the larvae were taken. Species marked*

were found restricted to one category of breeding place only.

Some species were taken in light traps or as biting females only; they are

recorded under the appropriate headings.

Species marked % were not collected by the present author; their records have

been taken from literature. Many of them refer to very incompletely known spe-

cies, some of them described from unique males taken in light traps. In some

TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, VOL. 104, AFL.

1961

J. v. D. AssEM: Mosquitoes in the Hollandia area 23

species data on vertical distribution are indicated. Species without such indications

were collected under 300 m; however, elsewhere in New Guinea they may be

recorded from much higher altitudes.

A. GROUND WATER SERIES

a. Permanent pools with Pistza-Hydrocharis vegetation.

Anopheles (Anopheles) bancrofti Giles

Culex (Lophoceraomyia) fraudatrix Theo.

Ficalbia (Ficalbia) minima (Theo.) *

(Mimomyia) chamberlaini (Ludlow) *

2 A, modesta K. & H. *

Mansonia (Mansonioides) bonnewepsterae v. d. Assem *

= RI uniformis (Theo.) *

LE]

b. Permanent or semipermanent water collections with green filamentous algae.

Aedomyia catasticta Knab *

Culex (Culex) annulirostris Skuse

> = bitaeniorhynchus Giles *

N , mimulus Edw.

= » squamosus (Taylor)

Di o vicinus (Taylor) *

3 5 whitmorei Giles

, (Caliciomyia) fragilis Ludlow

Ki ni pullus (Theo.)

» (Lophoceraomyia) fraudatrix Theo.

» (Lutzia) halifaxi Theo.

Mansonia (Coquilletidia) crassipes (v. d. Wulp) *

c. Pools in sago swamps.

Aedes (Aedes) carmenti Edw.

> 5 lineatus (Taylor)

Anopheles (Cellia) farauti Laveran

» , koliensis Owen

Fig. 2. Diagram of interrelations of breeding places in the Hollandia area. The thickness of

the connecting bands indicates the number of species in common: wide, 10 or more; half

wide, 5—10; thin, 2, 3 or 4; broken, 1 species. No species were found in common between

breeding places where connecting bands are lacking. Abbreviations used are: AC, artificial

containers of relatively small size (e.g. tins, drums, beached canoes, coconut husks); AX,

leaf axils; BA, broken or cut bamboos; C, crevices in rocks; CH, crab holes; E, ephemere

water collections; FL, fallen leaves or bracts; J, jungle pools; LH, log holes; NE, Nepenthes

pitchers; P, putrid, stagnant water collections; PA, permanent or semipermanent water with

green filamentous algae; PH, permanent water with a Pistia — Hydrocharis vegetation;

S, pools in sago swamps; TH, tree holes; TP, transient pools. The upper numerals indicate

the total number of species collected from a breeding place category, the lower, the number

of species restricted to one certain category.

TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, VOL. 104, AFL. 2, 1961

Culex (Culiciomyia) fragilis Ludlow

papuensis (Taylor)

pullus (Theo.)

(Lophoceraomyia) ornatus (Theo.)

(Lutzia)

halifaxi Theo.

Uranotaenia argyrotarsis Leicester

atra Theo.

neotibialis K. & H. *

papua Brug

setosa RK. 8 FI. (1946 a), 7*

d. Transient pools.

Aedes (Aedes) parasimilis K. & H.

(Aedimorphus) alboscutellatus (Theo.)

imprimens (Walker)

vexans Meigen

ga (Celia) clowi Rozeb. & Knight (1946) x *

229

(Culex)

farauti Laveran

karwari (James) *

koliensis Owen

punctulatus Donitz

annulirostris Skuse

bitaeniorhynchus Giles!)

mimulus Edw.

sitiens Wiedemann

squamosus (Taylor)1)

whitmorei (Giles)

(C ARo via) fragilis Ludlow

papuensis (Taylor)

pullus (Theo.)

dario fraudatrix Theo.

(Lutzia)

ornatus (Theo.)

bo. Theo.

Uranotaenia argyrotarsis Leicester

e. Ephemere water collections.

Anopheles (Cellia) punctulatus Dönitz

f. Jungle pools.

Aedes (Aedes) carmenti Edw.

lineatus (Taylor)

sentanius K. & H. (1947 a) % *

(Aedimorphus) alboscutellatus (Theo.)

imprimens (Walker)

vexans Meigen

1) In presence of filamentous green algae only.

J. v. D. ASSEM: Mosquitoes in the Hollandia area

Anopheles (Anopheles) bancrofti Giles

(Cellia) longirostris Brug *

Bironella bironelli Christophers (= gracilis Theo.)

hollandi Taylor *

papuae Swell. *

Culex (Lophoceraomyia) fraudatrix Theo.

(Lutzia) halifaxi Theo.

Hodgesia quasisanguinae Leicester *

. Putrid water collections in stagnant gutters, septic tanks, etc.

Armigeres (Armigeres) milnensis Lee

Culex (Culex) fatigans Wiedemann

sitiens \Wiedemann

(Culiciomyia) fragilis Ludlow

papuensis (Taylor).

pullus (Theo.)

da) halifaxi Theo.

Uranotaenia atra Theo.

. Crab holes.

Aedes (Aedes) parasimilis K. & H.

(Psendoskusea) lunulatus K. & H. (1946 b) % *

Culex (Culiciomyia) nailoni K. & H. (1946 c) % *

Uranotaenia atra Theo.

B. CONTAINER SERIES

. Crevices in rocks.

Aedes (Finlaya) near alticola B.W. *, collected at 400 m altitude.

LE]

”

dobodurus K. & H.

hollandius K. & H.

notoscriptus (Skuse)

novalbitarsis K. & H.

papuensis (Taylor), from sea level up to at least 500 m.

subalbitarsis K. & H., from sea level up to at least 1000 m.

(Gera scutellaris (Walker)

Culex (Culex) mimulus Edw., from sealevel up to at least 500 m.

(Culiciomyia) fragilis elon

papuensis (Taylor), from sea level up to at least 600 m.

pullus (Theo.)

(Lophoceraomyia) marksae K. & H., collected between 75 and 450 m.

(Lutzia) halifaxi Theo.

Uranotaenia nigerrima Taylor

26 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, VOL. 104, AFL. 2, 1961

b. Relatively small natural and artificial containers (coconut shells, drums, tins,

canoes, etc.).

Aedes (Finlaya) hollandius K. & H.

5 n notoscriptus (Skuse)

a I novalbitarsis K. & H.

si 3 papuensis (Taylor)

, (Skusea) dasyorrbus K. & H.

» (Stegomyia) scutellaris (Walker)

Armigeres (Armigeres) breinli (Taylor)

I milnensis Lee

dala: (Culex) fatigans Wiedemann

da N mimulus Edw.

if A sitiens Wiedemann

„ (Caliciomyia) papuensis (Taylor)

5 È pullus (Theo.)

„ (Lutzia) halifaxi Theo.

Toxorbynchites splendens (Wiedemann)

Tripteroides (Polylepidomyia) argenteiventris (Theo.)

3; (Rachisoura) confusa Lee

> (Tripteroides) bimaculipes (Theo.)

Uranotaenia nigerrima Taylor

c. Log holes.

Aedes (Finlaya) hollandius K. & H.

a ® notoscriptus (Skuse)

5 = novalbitarsis K. & H.

dI A quasirubithorax (Theo.) %, quoted by KING & HOOGSTRAAL

(1946 d).

N ta subalbitarsis K. & H.

, (Stegomyia) albolineatus (Theo.)

8 scutellaris (Walker)

Aare (Armigeres) breinli (Taylor)

= milnensis Lee

Gi (Culiciomyia) fragilis Ludlow

a papuensis (Taylor)

7 È pullus (Theo.)

„ (Lophoceraomyia) kuhnsi K. & H.

dì a ADNR Eh (GOB 50

… (Lutzia) halifaxi Theo.

Toxorbynchites splendens (Wiedemann)

Tripteroides (Tripteroides) quasiornata (Taylor)

Uranotaenia nigerrima Taylor

d. Tree holes.

Aedes (Finlaya) aureostriatus (Doleschall) & *, quoted by KING & Hooc-

STRAAL (1946 c).

i = candidoscutellum Marks (1947) x *

€.

(N°)

J. v. D. ASSEM: Mosquitoes in the Hollandia area

hollandius K. & H.

notoscriptus (Skuse), up to at least 600 m.

novalbitarsis K. & H.

papuensis (Taylor)

plumiferus K. & H. (1946 d) % *

quasirubithorax (Theo.) %, quoted by KING & HOOGSTRAAL

(1946 d).

subalbitarsis K. & H.

(Suse) dasyorrbus K. & H.

(Stegomyia) albolineatus (Theo.), up to at least 600 m.

> scutellaris (Walker)

dla (Culiciomyia) papuensis (Taylor)

(Lophoceraomyia) kuhnsi K. & H., collections up to 850 m.

marksae K. & H.

, (Neoculex) brevipalpis (Giles)

Toxorbynchites splendens (Wiedemann), from sea level up to at least 600 m.

Tripteroides (Polylepidomyia) argenteiventris (Theo.), from sea level up to at

least 600 m.

LE]

(Rachisoura) confusa Lee

(Tripteroides) bimaculipes (Theo.)

x n quasiornata (Taylor)

Uranotaenia nigerrima Taylor, from sea level up to at least 600 m.

Bamboos.

Aedes (Finlaya) gani B.-W.

notoscriptus (Skuse)

Pe a novalbitarsis K. & H.

, (Leptosomatomyia) lateralis (Theo.) *

(Stegomyia) albolineatus (Theo.)

5 scutellaris (Walker)

cie. (Neoculex) brevipalpis (Giles)

Toxorhynchites splendens (Wiedemann)

Tripteroides (Polylepidomyia) argenteiventris (Theo.)

(Rachisoura) bisquamata Lee

longipalpata Lee *, from sea level up to at least

450 m.

vanleeuweni (Edw.) *, from sea level up to at

least 450 m.

2) 2)

LE]

LE] 3

> 3)

55 (Tripteroides) bimaculipes (Theo.)

Uranotaenia nigerrima Taylor

Fallen leaves and fallen palm bracts.

Aedes (Finlaya) argenteitarsis Brug *

p dobodurus K. & H., from sea level up to at least 700 m.

hollandius K. & H., from sea level up to at least 1775 m.

notoscriptus (Skuse)

novalbitarsis K. & H., from sea level up to at least 1775 m.

28 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, VOL. 104, AFL. 2, 1961

Aedes (Finlaya) wallacei Edw.

» (Stegomyia) albolineatus (Theo.)

5 scutellaris (Walker)

dies (Armigeres) breinli (Taylor)

Di milnensis Lee

Culex (Culiciomyia) pullus (Theo.)

, (Lophoceraomyia) kuhnsi K. & H.

Uranotaenia nigerrima Taylor

g. Nepenthes pitchers.

Aedes (Finlaya) gani B.-W.

Toxorhynchites splendens (Wiedemann)

Tripteroides (Polylepidomyia) microlepis (Edw.)1) * , collected above 1000 m.

= (Rachisoura) adentata v. d. Assem *, collected at 450 m.

A = bisquamata Lee, from sea level up to at least 500 m.

he 18 filipes (Walker) *, from sea level up to at least

500 m.

ie A ?fuliginosa Lee *

De n kingi Lee *, from 350 up to at least 1450 m.

hi 2: pallida Lee (1946) * *

È Le pilosa Lee (1946) & * , collected at 1250 m.

h. Leaf axils.

Aedes (Finlaya) kochi (Dönitz) *

u wallacei Edw.

dI: (Acallyntrum) bicki Stone & Penn *

È binigrolineatus Knight & Rozeb. (1945) *

Wie lee: Wharton *

Tripteroides (Rachisoura) bisquamata Lee

5) 5 fuscipleura Lee *

Biting females only

Aedes (Finlaya) sophiae Marks, manuscript name, collected at sea level and at

450 m.

» (Leplosomatomyia) variepictus K. & H., above 800 m.

… (Mucidus) aurantius Theo.

Mansonia (Mansonioides) papuensis (Taylor)

Tripteroides (Polylepidomyia) atra (Taylor), collected above 400 m.

is (Rachisoura) latisquama (Edw.) %, quoted by Lee (1946), col-

lected at about 1400 m.

3 (?)concinna Lee (1946) %, collected at 1400 m.

Collected in light traps only

Aedes (Aedes) bifoliatus K. & H. (19472) X (male only)

1) The present author collected this species in the Central Mountain Range only, at about

2000 m altitude.

J. v. D. ASSEM: Mosquitoes in the Hollandia area 29

Aedes (Aedes) foliformis K. & H. (1947 a) %

leilae K. & H. 1947 c) % (male only)

milnensis K. & H. (1947 a) X(male only)

neomacrodixa K. & H. (1947 a) %

simplus K. & H. 1947 a) % (male only)

trispinatus K. & H. (1947 a) %

CLIC (Ci) fuscicinctus K. & H. (1946c) % (male only)

» (Neoculex) pedicellus K. & H. (1947 b) % (male only)

Ficalbia (Etorleptiomyia) elegans (Taylor)

Tripteroides (Tripteroides) elegans Brug %, quoted by Lee (1946)

Uranotaenia fimbriata K. & H. (1946 a) % (male only)

3 subtibioclada K. & H. (1946a) % (male only)

The cosmotropical species Aedes (S.) aegypti is absent from the Hollandia

area.

Anopheles (C.) karwari, an oriental species which invaded this region long

before the Pacific War, has distinctly decreased in numbers in recent times. Most

probably this is due to the DDT house spraying campaign started in 1954; this

provides another example of a not-indigenous species readily to be affected by an

increase of the environmental pressure.

The most common, man biting species of the area, in places a pest due to

their numbers, are Anopheles koliensis, Aedes scutellaris, Culex annulirostris, Cu-

lex fatigans, Aedes carmenti, Aedes lineatus and Aedes parasimilis, the three last

mentioned especially in sago swamps and swampy forest. There occur very local

pests of Armigeres milnensis. In mountain forest Tripteroides argenteiventris is an

annoying biter. Culex pullus and Culex fragilis (not man-biting) are among the

most abundant species of the area.

Table I

Numbers of species recorded from the Hollandia area, arranged according to subgenera to

which they belong.

Genus Subgenus Number of species recorded

Aedes Aedes 12

Aedimorphus

Finlaya

Leptosomatomyia

Mucidus

Pseudoskusea

Skusea

Stegomyia

Aedomyia

Anopheles

Armigeres

Bironella

Culex

Aedomyia

Anopheles

Cellia

Armigeres

Bironella

Brugeila

Acallyntrum

Culex

Culiciomyia

ON 0 I À NN OO mm NN M mm M ND AW

30 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, VOL. 104, AFL. 2, 1961

Genus Subgenus Number of species recorded

Culex Lophoceraom yia 8

Lutzia 1

Neoculex 2

Ficalbia Etorleptiomyia 1

Ficalbia 1

Mimomyia 2.

Hodgesia Hodgesia 1

Malaya Malaya 1

Mansonia Coquilletidia 1

Mansonioides 3

Toxorhynchites Toxorhynchites 1

Tripteroides Polylepidomyia 3

Rachisoura 15

Tripteroides 3

uncertain 1

Uranolaenia Uranotaenia 8

REFERENCES

ASSEM, J. VAN DEN (1958 a). Ent. exp. & app., vol. 1, p. 125—129.

(1958b). Trop. geog. Med., vol. 10, p. 205—212.

— (1959). Tijds. Ent., vol. 102, p. 35—56.

CoLLEss, D. H. (1957). Ann. trop. Med. Par., vel. 51, p. 102—116.

HORSFALL, W. R. & D. A. PORTER (1946). Ann. ent. Soc. Amer., vol. 39, p.

KING, W. V. & H. HOOGSTRAAL (1946 a). Ann. ent. Soc. Amer., vol.

(1946 b). Proc. ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 48, p. 95—106.

(1946 c). Proc. biol. Soc. Wash, vol. 59, p. 143—154.

(1946 d). J. Wash. Ac. Sc. vol. 36, p. 305—313.

(1947 a). J. Wash. Ac. Sc., vol. 37, p. 113—134.

(1947 b). Proc. ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 49, p. 65—69.

(1955). Proc. ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 57, p. 111.

KNIGHT, K. L. & L. E. ROZEBOOM (1945). Proc. ent. Soc. Wash., vol.

LAIRD, M. (1955). Roy. Soc. New Zealand Bull. no. 6, p. 1—213.

LEE, D. J. (1946). Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., vol. 70, p. 219—275.

39 1D

AUS jd

549— 560.

585— 596.

289 — 2955

MARKS, E. N. (1947). Univ. of Queensland Pap., Dept. of Biol., vol. 2, p. 1—10.

ROZEBOOM, L. E. & K. I. KNIGHT (1946). J. Par., vol. 32, p. 95—131.

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